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LTHT

Chng 12 K THA

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 1

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LTHT

0. MC TIU

Hiu c cc loi quan h? Hiu c k tha trong lp trnh hng i tng l g? Hiu c khi nim cy k tha. Hiu c khi nim s lp.

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 2

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1.QUAN H
Ngi ta chia cc quan h thnh nhng loi nh sau:

Quan h mt mt (1-1) Quan h mt nhiu (1-n) Quan h nhiu nhiu (m-n) Quan h t bit ha, tng qut ha.

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 3

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1.1. QUAN H MT MT (1-1)

Khi nim: Hai lp i tng c gi l quan h mt-mt vi nhau khi mt i tng thuc lp ny quan h vi mt i tng thuc lp kia v mt i tng thuc lp kia quan h duy nht vi mt i tng thuc lp ny. Hnh v

Quan H

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Trong hnh v trn ta ni: mt i tng thuc lp A quan h vi mt i tng thuc lp B v mt i tng lp B quan h duy nht vi mt i tng thuc lp A.
Chng 12 - 4

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LTHT

1.1 QUAN H MT MT (1-1)

V d minh ha
LOPHOC Ch nhim GIAOVIEN

VO

Hn nhn

CHONG

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 5

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LTHT

1.2. QUAN H MT NHIU (1-n)

Khi nim: Hai lp i tng c gi l quan h mt-nhiu vi nhau khi mt i tng thuc lp ny quan h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp kia v mt i tng lp kia quan h duy nht vi mt i tng thuc lp ny. Hnh v

Quan H

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Trong hnh v trn ta ni: mt i tng thuc lp A quan h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp B v mt i tng lp B quan h duy nht vi mt i tng thuc lp A.
Chng 12 - 6

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LTHT

1.2 QUAN H MT NHIU (1-n)

V d minh ha:
LOPHOC c HOCSINH

CHA

Huyt thng

CON

HOASI

Sng tc

TACPHAM

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 7

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LTHT

1.2 QUAN H MT NHIU (1-n)

V d minh ha:

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 8

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1.3 QUAN H NHIU NHIU (m-n)

Khi nim: hai lp i tng c gi l quan h nhiu-nhiu vi nhau khi mt i tng thuc lp ny quan h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp kia v mt i tng lp kia cng c quan h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp ny. Hnh v

Quan H

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Trong hnh v trn ta ni: mt i tng thuc lp A quan h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp B v mt i tng lp B cng c quan h vi nhiu i tng thuc lp A.
Chng 12 - 9

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LTHT

1.3 QUAN H NHIU NHIU (m-n)

V d minh ha:
NAM yu N

BACSI

Khm bnh

BENHNHAN

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 10

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LTHT

1.3 QUAN H NHIU NHIU (m-n)

V d minh ha:

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 11

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1.4. QUAN H C BIT HATNG QUT HO

Khi nim: hai lp i tng c gi l quan h c bit ha-tng qut ha vi nhau khi, lp i tng ny l trng hp c bit ca lp i tng kia v lp i tng kia l trng hp tng qut ca lp i tng ny. Hnh v

A B
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 12

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LTHT

1.4. QUAN H T BIT HATNG QUT HO

Hnh v

A B

Trong hnh v trn ta ni: lp i tng B l trng hp c bit ca lp i tng A v lp i tng A l trng hp tng qut ca lp i tng B.

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 13

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LTHT

1.4. QUAN H T BIT HATNG QUT HO

V d 1:
TAMGIAC

TAMGIACCAN

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 14

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LTHT

1.4. QUAN H T BIT HATNG QUT HO

V d 2:
DONGVAT

NGUOI

HEO

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 15

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2. CY K THA

Khi nim: Cy k tha l mt cy a nhnh th hin mi quan h c bit ha-tng qut ha gia cc lp trong h thng, chng trnh. V d: Hy v cy k tha cho cc lp i tng sau:
+ + + + +

Lp XEDAP Lp XEHOI Lp XETAINHE

Lp XELAM Lp XEBABANH
Lp XEXICHLO

Lp XEGANMAY Lp XE Lp XEHAIBANH Lp XEBONBANH

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 16

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LTHT

2. CY K THA (tip)

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 17

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LTHT

3. S LP

Khi nim: S lp l s th hin tt c cc mi quan h gia cc lp trong h thng, chng trnh. V d minh ha: Hy v s lp cho cc lp i tng sau:
+ + + + +

Lp GIAOVIEN Lp HOCSINH Lp LOPHOC Lp MONHOC Lp NHANVIEN: tt c nhng ngi lm vic trong trng. Lp CNV: l nhng ngi lm vic trong nh trng nhng ko trc tip ng lp. V d: Bo v, lao cng, bo mu,
Chng 12 - 18

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

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LTHT

3. S LP

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 19

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LTHT

4. K THA TRONG C++

Th gii thc Lp trnh hng i tng vi C++ Phm vi truy xut T kho dn xut

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 20

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LTHT

4.1 TH GII THC

A B

Trong hnh v trn ta ni A v B c quan h c bit ho, tng qut ho vi nhau. Trong B l trng hp t bit ca A, v A l trng hp tng qut ca B.
Chng 12 - 21

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

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LTHT

4.2 LTHT VI C++

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

class A { ... }; class B:<t kha dn xut> A { ... };

B Trong khai bo trn ta ni lp B

k tha t lp A. Lp i tng A c gi l lp c s. Lp i tng B c gi l lp dn xut t lp i tng A.
Chng 12 - 22

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

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LTHT

4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

Mt thuc tnh hay mt phng thc khi c khai bo trong mt lp ta c th khai bo trong 3 phm vi khc nhau: private, public hoc protected. V mt nguyn tc cho ti thi im ny th mt thuc tnh hay mt phng thc khi c khai bo trong phm vi private hay protected th tng ng nhau. Ngha l, thuc tnh v phng thc c khai bo trong hai phm vi ny ch c php truy xut bn trong lp m thi v khng c quyn truy xut t bn ngoi lp.
Chng 12 - 23

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

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LTHT

4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

V d: Hy cho bit trong on chng trnh sau cu lnh no ng, cu lnh no sai. 1. class A 2. { 3. private: 4. int a; 5. void f(); 6. protected: 7. int b; 8. void g(); 9. public: 10. int c; 11. void h(); 12. };
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 24

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4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

13. void A::f() 14. { 15. a = 1; 16. b = 2; 17. c = 3; 18. } 19. void A::g() 20. { 21. a = 4; 22. b = 5; 23. c = 6; 24. } 25. void A::h() 26. { 27. a = 7; 28. b = 8; 29. c = 9; 30. } GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 25

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4.3 PHM VI TRUY XUT

31. void 32. { 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. }

main()

A x; x.a = 10; x.f(); x.b = 20; x.g(); x.c = 30; x.h();

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 26

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LTHT

4.4 T KHA DN XUT

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

class A { ... }; class B:<t kha dn xut> A { ... };

B Trong khai bo trn ta ni lp B

k tha t lp A. Lp i tng A c gi l lp c s. Lp i tng B c gi l lp dn xut t lp i tng A.
Chng 12 - 27

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

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LTHT

4.4 T KHA DN XUT

Trong ngn ng C++ c ba loi t kha dn xut l: private, protected v public. Thng thng trong thc t ngi ta hay s dng t kha dn xut public l nhiu nht.

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 28

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LTHT

4.4 T KHA DN XUT

V d 01: Khai bo lp tam gic v lp tam gic cn. class CTamGiac { ... }; class CTamGiacCan:public CTamGiac { ... };
TAMGIACCAN
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 29

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8.

TAMGIAC

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LTHT

4.4 T KHA DN XUT

V d 02: Khai bo lp ng vt, lp heo v lp ngi. 11. class CDongVat 12. { 13. ... 14. }; 15. class CHeo:private CDongVat 16. { 17. ... 18. }; 19. class CNguoi:public CDongVat 20. { 21. ... 22. };
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 30

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 31

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 32

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 33

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 34

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 35

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 36

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 37

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 38

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

||

||

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 39

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

|| private

||

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 40

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

|| private

|| protected

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 41

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

|| private private

|| protected

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 42

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++ T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public

|| private private

|| protected public

Ghi ch: T kho dn xut c ba loi l private, protected, public. Cc sinh vin t tm hiu thm t kho dn xut protected trong ti liu.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 43

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Cc thuc tnh v phng thc c khai bo trong phm vi private ca lp c s th s khng c hiu lp dn xut. Cc thuc tnh v phng thc c khai bo trong phm vi protected ca lp c s nu c dn xut bng t kha private th cc thuc tnh v phng thc s c hiu lp dn xut nh l thnh phn private ca lp dn xut. Cc thuc tnh v phng thc c khai bo trong phm vi protected ca lp c s nu c dn xut bng t kha public th cc thuc tnh v phng thc s c hiu lp dn xu t nh lQuc thnh phn protected GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Chng 12 - 44 ThS. Nguy n d T n Tr nt Minh ca lp n xu . Khang

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Cc thuc tnh v phng thc c khai bo trong phm vi public ca lp c s nu c dn xut bng t kha private th cc thuc tnh v phng thc s c hiu lp dn xut nh l thnh phn private ca lp dn xut. Cc thuc tnh v phng thc c khai bo trong phm vi public ca lp c s nu c dn xut bng t kha public th cc thuc tnh v phng thc s c hiu lp dn xut nh l thnh phn public ca lp dn xut.

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 45

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++

T kha dn xut Private Public

Phm vi lp c s Private Protected Public (1) (3) (5) (2) (4) (6)

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 46

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++

(1) (3) (5)

(2) (4) (6)

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 47

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 48

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

5. QUI TC K THA TRONG C++

Bng qui tc k tha trong C++

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 49

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

6. CY K THA CHI TIT

Qui tc v cy k tha chi tit: + Cc thuc tnh v phng thc thuc phm vi private c v vi mu xanh bn tri. + Cc thuc tnh v phng thc thuc phm vi protected c v vi mu xanh bn phi. + Cc thuc tnh v phng thc thuc phm vi public c v vi mu bn phi. + Cc thuc tnh v phng thc c c do k tha c v bng nt t khng lin tc. + Cc thuc tnh v phng thc ca chnh bn thn lp c v bng nt lin lin tc.
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 50

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

6. CY K THA CHI TIT b a f() g()

A
public

c h() t aa() b g() z xy() c h()

B
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 51

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

6. CY K THA CHI TIT

a f()
public t h() public x ab() y g() x k mn() p ab() g() q xyz() z p ab() g() abc(int) k mn() ab()

x uv()

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 52

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

7. TON T GN TRONG K THA

V d dn nhp 01: Hy cho bit trong chng trnh di y cu lnh no ng cu lnh no sai:

11. class A 12.{ 13. ... 14.}; 15.class B:public 16.{ 17. ... 18.}; 19.void main() 20.{ 21. A a; 22. B b; 23. a = b; 24. b = a; 25.}

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 53

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

7. TON T GN TRONG K THA

V d dn nhp 02: Hy cho bit on chng trnh di y cu lnh no ng, cu lnh no sai: class A { ... };

9. void main() 10.{ 11. A *a; 12. B *b; 13. A x; 14. B y; 15. a = &x; 16. 17. 18. 19.}

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

b = &y; a = &y; b = &x;

class B: public A { ... };

Chng 12 - 54

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

7. TON T GN TRONG K THA

Ton t gn trong k tha c thc hin theo nguyn tc: trng hp t bit c th c gn cho trng hp tng qut, v trng hp tng qut th khng th gn cho trng hp t bit c. Qui tc trn p dng cho tt c cc ngn ng h tr lp trnh hng i tng nh C++, Java, VB.NET, C#, Python,...

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 55

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

7. TON T GN TRONG K THA

p dng qui tc trn cho ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng C++ ta c th ni nh sau: mt i tng thuc lp dn xut c th c gn cho mt i tng thuc lp c s. iu ngc li l sai, ngha l mt i tng thuc lp c s khng c quyn gn cho mt i tng thuc lp dn xut.

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 56

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

7. TON T GN TRONG K THA

V d dn nhp 01: Hy cho bit trong chng trnh di y cu lnh no ng cu lnh no sai:

11. class A 12.{ 13. ... 14.}; 15.class B:public 16.{ 17. ... 18.}; 19.void main() 20.{ 21. A a; 22. B b; 23. a = b; 24. b = a; 25.}

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 57

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

7. TON T GN TRONG K THA

M rng qui tc trn cho con tr i tng ta c th ni nh sau: mt con tr i tng thuc lp c s c th gi a ch ca mt i tng thuc lp dn xut. Ngc lai, mt con tr i tng thuc lp dn xut khng th gi a ch ca mt i tng thuc lp c s.

GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang

Chng 12 - 58

Khoa CNTT

LTHT

7. TON T GN TRONG K THA

Hy cho bit on chng trnh di y cu lnh no ng, cu lnh no sai: 11. class A 12.{ 13.}; 14.class B:public A 15.{ 16.}; 17.void main() 18.{ 19. A *a; 20. B *b; 21. A x; 22. B y; 23. a = &x; 24. b = &y; 25. a = &y; 26. b = &x; 27.}
GV. Nguy n Sn Hong Quc ThS. Nguyn Tn Trn Minh Khang Chng 12 - 59