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( Apple)
1972 ,
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Cream Soda Computer,
. 1976 , HewlettPackard, Apple HP,
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Computer Company. Apple-1
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IBM ,
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PDP-11, DEC.
.
, 1980 IBM
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Intel. IBM PC

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CP/M, Digital Research,
UCSD Softech.
$450 $550 , PC-DOS $40. IBM
.
12 1981 IBM ,
, Commodore PET, Atari, Radio
Shack Apple.
IBM .
, .
IBM

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. IBM ,
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Apple:
.
, IBM.
1983 . IBM PC XT ,
- 80286.
IBM PC AT (Advanced Technologies),
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32-
1983-1984 .,
1985 . Intel Motorola
80386 68020 .
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1989 . 80486
50 . . 1993 . Intel
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