Professional Documents
Culture Documents
org
......................................................................................................2
..............................................................4
..........................................................................14
......................................................16
.......................................................19
!..................................................................................................22
......................................................................................26
............................................................................28
................................................35
...................................................................................38
..............................................................................................................41
SUMMARY ................................................................................................................46
RESMEE..................................................................................................................47
.....................................................................................49
. , , , ,
, , , ,
, , ,
, .
, .
, .
. .
, .
, ,
.
*
, ,
, , ,
, . ,
, ,
.
, , , , ,
, .
,
. , ,
(,
), , .
, , ,
.
, ,
. .
,1
,2 3
,4 ,
5
.
,
( , 19. 20.
20. ) ,
. , ,
, , . 1-10, , , 1994.
, , , 1989.
3
, , :1168-1371. ,
, 1989.
4
, , , , 2005.
5
, , , , 1969.
, , , , 1969.
1
2
3
. ,
, .
, ,
. ,
, ,
, ( ), ,
,
, .
, , 6 (
, ) , ,
.
,
.
,
-
. ,
()
(
), .
(
)
.
, ()
,
, , , ,
.
, , ;
,
( )
, .
,
,
( ) ,
.
,
(
),
(Legal transplants),
, ,
. ,
.
, , .
-, 47
, 64. ( ., , , 2005.)
6
4
. , ,
,
.
, , ,
,
.
, ,
(, , ...)
, ,
, ,
.
,
. ,
,
,
14. , .
,
(1331-1355. ) .
,
. 1204.
,
1453. ,
-,
.
9.
. ,
,
, (
), ,
,7
.
, .
10. 11. .
. , ,
, , .
12. ,
, .
5
,
(1166. ),
, , ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
,
,
.
,8
, ,
,9 ,
.10 (1206. ),
, , ,
, " "
.
,
. .
, , ,
. ,
,
1196. ,
, .
, , ,
. , ,
. ,
, .
,
, , ,
.
, .
9
13. 1199. , .
10
, ,
, : ... ,
, ,
: , , ,
, .
.
,
... ,
. , ,
, .
,
, , ,
,
(...)
, ,
, .
, ,
,
, ! (, ,
, , , 1988, . 147-148.)
8
6
, ,
,
.
, ,
, ,
.
. ,
,
, ,
, .
, XIII
, ,
() .
, ,
,
, .11
, ,
,
.
.
,
,
() .
XIII
: " 13. 1204.
,
12 "13. (1206.),
,
, 14
() (12.)15
.
,
, .
, ,
. ,
, , , .
12
; .
( , , , 1988, . 77.)
13
. ,. , , 1986. .
22.
14
() , 1619.
.
15
, ,
. ( , , , - , 1928,
, . 12.)
11
7
( 13.)16
(1204. )
,
17
,
.
lex specialis-,
(, , , ,
)18 ,
. , "" "",19
.
, .
, ,
,
.
, 13. :
,
,
.20
,
,
, ,
. ,
, (
)
.
" : ,
,
.
, ,
, (...) ,
, ,
, " , , "; : ",
",
. .
,
, : "". : "".
, , ,
, 4 :" ", .
.
,
, .
: ,
". (, . 13.)
17
,
, ,
II . .
18
. , , , . 13, . 79.
19
. , , . 36.
20
. : , -, , 1986. (
-)
16
8
, (
),
.
, ,
:
, , ,
, , .21
,
,
. (...
, .
(...)
.) 22
,
.
. , XIII
.
1204. ,
, , .
23 (
), ,
,
. ,
,
, , .
, 1208.
.
, , , , ,
-.
,
,
, .
,
,24
. , , , . 78-79.
, , . . , 151; . . , 109.
23
,
. , -
: , ,
.
, . ,
. (1261. ),
, ,
.
24
, ,
( 1204 ) III.
21
22
9
(
)
. ,
, : III
1217. () ,
,
.
,
.
, ,
.25
.
,
.
, , ,
, . ,
,
.
, ,
.
,
, .
, ,
.
, ,
.26
. , ,
, , ,
.
,
. ,
.
27, ,
, .
, , ,
,
, .
,
,28 ,
. ()
VII 1077. .
, , , 1931. . 233.
27
.
.
28
, , : 1168-1371, ,
1989, . 67.
25
26
10
,
,
, .
, ,
. 17. ,
.29
, ,
. ,
,
: , ,
,
,
, , ,
, . 30
, ,
.
, - .
, ,
. , ,
, ,
I ,
.
, , , .
. , ,
: ...
, : ?
. ,
, , ,
. , ?
, ? ,
,
, ,
, 12. 17. 38.
,
,
. ,
. ,
, ,
?
, ...
,
29
30
. , , . 75-78.
: . , , . 79.
11
, (.
): , ,
, , ,
,
, ,
. , ,
...31
, I
()
: ... , ,
...32
, .
,
(),
,
.
, 1219.
.33
,
. ,
.
, ,
.
,
( ), .
1219. 1220. ,
, .
.
, .
,
. (,
), : , , ,
, , .
, , ,
.34
,
, .
,
XIII XIV .
: . , , . 71-73.
. , ,
, . 13, , 1996, . 105.
33
1220.
. ( , ,
" -
", , 1979.)
34
. , , . 73.
31
32
12
,
, ,
.
,
. , ,
,
(),
().
,
.35
,
, .
, ,
.
, .
.
,
. ,
, .
, ,
, .
,
,
, . . 36
,
, .
,
, ,
.
,
. ,
.
, .
.
, , . ,
, ,
. , ( -)
,
.
,
, , . ,
, ,
. , , ,
, . .
, ... (, . 74.)
36
, . 74-75.
35
13
,
, .
, , ,
. ()
.37
(1199.),
, 38
,
()
() . ,
1208. ( ),
,
, ,
. ,
, 39 1199.
. , .
. , ,
(1206. ), .
,
,
.
( )
()
,
, .
,
.
,
, ,
, . 77.
, .
. ,
, . ,
, ,
. , ,
, .
,
. 1199.
. ( , : , -, , 1986;
-.)
39
. , ,
.
13.
:
,
, .(.
: ; -.)
37
38
14
,
,
( ).
,
.
, , .
,
.
- .
1219. ,
.
, ,
. ,
,
, , .40
, , ,
,
, . ,
, , , ,
.
( ) 325. ,41
, ,
451. . 550.
, ()
. ,
, , 87
().
. VII ,
(609-639. ) ,
, (Collectio
ecelesiastica tripartita) 14 (-
). 883.
,
. , , . 77.
, : . ,
, , 1932; , :
( ) ,
Vol. No. 2, , 1953.
40
41
15
.
,
.42 920.
.
865. 885. .43
-, 870. ,
, ,
.44 , (893-927. )
, IX
X . ,
.
. ,
, , (
), ( 726. ),
,
. ,
,
, ,
.
, ,
.45 1018. ,
,
( 1262. ). , ,
, , XI
XII . 920. , ,
, .46 , -
, .
, XIII .
, ,
. ,
, , ,
.
47 ,
, - . ,
.
,
, ( 879.
).
, , ()
. , , , 1932. . 25.
, 1349 1354, , 1898. . IX
44
. X
45
. , , . 23-24.
46
, . 25.
47
,
, .
42
43
16
.
.
. , ,
XII . ( 1156. )
; ( 1159. )48
,
(1169-1177. ),49
. ,
, ,
,
, .
,50
,51
.
,
,
(), .
1253.
.
,
.
(1) 1252.
. , . ,
, ,
.
,
. , ,
, , , .
,
1262. .
,
.
., , , 1948,
, . 1040/1949, . 133.
49
, : (
) , , 1953.
50
, 1349 1354, , 1898. .
XIII
51
, , , , , 1979. . 96.
48
17
, ,
.
(2) , 1262.
( XIII )52
. ,
, ,
. 398 .
() , , ,
, . ,
,
. ,
, ,53
, , . .
. , ,
, , ...54
,55 . , .
, , 1842.
,
, . ,
,
. , .56
(3) 1295.
, , 1305. .
, .
427 . 1640- ,
.
. ,
,
.57
(4) 1340. ;
1270- . , 284 .
,
, 1948. .58
, , , , , 1979. . 95.
53
, . 94.
54
. , , . 131.
55
: " ".
56
., , , 2005. . XXIV-XXV
. , , , 1932. . 28.
. , ( ),
, 1952. . 34.
57
. , , . XXV
. , , . 28-29.
. , , . 35.
58
. , , . 35-39.
52
18
(5) , ,
XVI , ,
1295. . , 322. .59
(6) ( )
, , .
. 1552. ,
,
. 421 ,
.60
(7) XIV
. , 305 .
; 1928.
, ,
.
.
.61
(8) , , (
1510. ).
-. 1603.
, 1693. ,
, , .
1030. .
, ,
399 .
(1335. ),
. .62
(9) XIV , 1371.
, . , 367 ,
, .63
(10)
; 348 . 1682. .
63
().
, .64
(11)
30000 , 1942.
59
60
61
62
63
64
. , , . 31.
. , , . 34-38.
. , , . 59-62.
. , , . 31-34.
. , , . 39-41.
. , , . 29-30.
. , , . 51-59.
, , , 1884.
. , , . XXV-XXVI
. , , . 29.
. , , . 41-48.
. , , . 50-51.
19
.
369 .65
(12) ,
1615. . , 347
, . .
1865. .
. ,
.
.66
,
, , ,
, , , , ,
.
, corpus iuris utriusque, .
,
.
, 11, 12.
: ,
, .
,
, .
,
, , , ,
.
,
, . ,
XII .
III, 1250. ,
( )
, 1262. .
XIII
, , ,
.
1235.
. ,
, ( XVI
XIV ) . 67
, . 48-50.
. , , . XXVI
. , , . 30.
. , , . 62-63.
67
. , , . 1.
65
66
20
, (1274.)
, 1262. , .
( 1284.
), ,
. ,
; .
(.. ..) .
.68
69,
, . ,
,
. 70 , 402 ,
.71
, ( 1440.),
(1522.), - (1552.) (1599.) ,
.
, ,
.
( ). 1276-1284.
-
, .72 ,
,
.
, 1650.
, 1653, 1787, 1804, 1812,
: . , , . 129.
,
. ,
. ,
. , ,
, , .
,
. , ,
"Proiido na svt slovnskago xka bogodhnovnx si knigx.naricamx
nomokanon. pomra~nx bo bhou pr`d sgo blakom moudrosti linskago xka.
nxn ` blista. rek istlkovanxbx. i blagodtibo`i sno sit.
nvdni tmou tgon.i vs prosva svtom raoumnxm. i t grh
ibavl. vsak bo ou~itl rkou ` piskoup ili prvutr ili in kto
ou~itlskxi san prdr`. a sih knig n svst dobr. to ni sam sb n nat
kto st. priniknouv ` v gloubinou bogodhnovnxh sih knig ko` v rcal i
sam' s ourit kakov st i kako podobat mou bxti. i drougx ponat i
naou~it. iid ` na svt nago xka bo`stvno s pisani"
( , . 398; : . ,
..., , . XLIX, . 40.)
70
: . , , . 129.
71
. , , . 38.
., , . 129.
72
. . . . , ,
, , 1998. . 360.
68
69
21
1816, 1834. .
, , ,
( ).
,
( ).
.73 ,
, 1054. ,
.74 ,
.75
(1645-1676),
,
.76
, .77
, . , ,
.
(1380, 1382.) .78
- , , ,
,
- .79
. ,
,
.
, ,
XIII ,
. .
,
()
, .
,
.
,
.
,
. , 6, 8, 11, 101, 109. 196.
( ),
, 14. .
,
.
1557. ( )
, ,
, , , ,
. , . 2-3.
, , , 1884. . 37.
75
, . 35.
76
, . . 2.
77
, . 2.
78
, . 1.
79
, 1349 1354, , 1898. . XL
73
74
22
.
. , ,
.
, XIX
.
, ,
1804,
1787. . , . ,
, ,
.80 ,
1804. , .
, ,
(), 14 15.
.
()
.81
,
, .
, ,
XIX .
, .
1844. :
( )
.
.
,
,82 ,
, , , .
!
.
, (: . 20, . 54.), ,
( )
. ,
, , ,
.
83 . ,
, , 1948.
. , , , 1980. . 113-114.
, . 113.
82
., . 2.
83
, , , 1867, .
179-180.
80
81
23
.
, .84
:
, ,
,
,
. 1142.
, 49 .
. 1071-1091. ,
.85 , ,
(VI ),
. ,
, . ,
,
,
. (. , . . , . .
, .. , . , . , . , .
, . , . , . , .. )
,
. 1220. .86
,
.
,
, , , .
( , . ,
)
, ,
,
.87 ,
,
.
,
, , ,
,
. ,
, 1192-1208. , .
1204. , .88
, ,
,
. , , . 120-121.
, . 132-133
86
. , ,
. 31.
87
, , "
". (, . 42-43.)
88
, . 42.
84
85
24
1204. ,
, , ,
, ,
.
,
,
1206. 1217. ,
, .
,
, 1206. ,
,
,
.
, ,
,
.89 , ,
,
, , 1219.
. ,
,
( )
.90
, .
,
. , 34.
,
, ,
,91 , ,
, ,
,
.92 , 58. ,
:
, ,
. .
, , .
82.
: 82. ,
. , 83.
, 4. ,
, .
, , , , 37.
, . 30.
, . 30.
91
,
: ,
,... ,
, , ,
. (. , , , 1. , , 2005. . 131.)
92
. , ,
. 41.
89
90
25
: , .93
. ,
,
, () ,
, .
,
,
, , :
, ,
,
,
, ...94
, . .
, . , . ,
, .
, ,
.95
1262.
, , , .96
,
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
, , ,
, . ,
.
, .
,
-
.97
,
, ,
,
.98
. , ,
. 42.
94
"Iid ` na svt nago ka bo`stvno s pisani. potanim i lbovi
mnogo i `lanim. i' mlada svnago bogo~astivago i prsvn'nago i prvago
arhipiskoupa vs srbsk ml. kur sav. sna prpodobnago tca simna.
prvago nastavnika vsi srbsci mli." ( , . 1 ();
: . , ...,
, . XLIX, . 40.)
95
. , , . 128-129.
96
, 127.
97
, . 141.
98
. , ,
. 29-33.
93
26
.
, , ,
,
.
.
,
. ,
, , ,
, .
, :
? , ,
.
,
, , , ,
, .
, . ,
, .
,
,
.
, 2005. ,
.99
.
,100
.
, ,
. , " "
.101
, :
: , , , ,
.102
, , ,
, :
,
.103
, . 33.
. , , , 1990.
101
. , ,
. 28.
102
, , , 1884. . 4.
103
. , , . 28.
99
100
27
,104 885. .
. XIII
( ) .
-, , (
.), XVI
, , ...
, , ,
, .
, ,
, :
, ,
, ,
, , ,
.105
,
,
, , . ,
,
,
, .
, .
,
() .
, .
,
, , ,
, , .
,
, , , .
, : , , ,
...106
1799.107 ,
108 ,
, ...109
:
, ,
.110
XIX ,
.
. 1844.
. , , . 3.
106
: .
107
. , , . 18.
108
, . 18.
109
, . 19.
110
. , , . 29.
104
105
28
( )
.
, 1800. ,
. ,
:
, ,
, ,
.111
.
,
, ,
. , ,
,
, , 1871. 1886..112
, ,
, .
.
, , , ,
, , .
, , ,
() ,
. ,
, , , .
,
. , ,
,
,
- , !
,
, .
, ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
, , ,
. , XII
, ; ,
.
111
112
. , , . 4.
. , , . 16.
29
, ,
, .
. ,
, , 87
, , . .
, Mosqu. Syn. gr. 237
( - ,
), Petropolit. 208 ( . .
-, ), Vaticana 2019 (Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana)
Vaticana 842.113
, Panag. 132 (T- ),
Patm. 207 ( ), Vaticana
1167, Athous Esphigment (263) 279.114 ,
, , , .
;
,
.
1. ; 115
, ,
.
. ,
, .
, .
.
2. ; :
,
.
( ) . 147, . 57-60, Cod. Sinaitic,
116
3. ; () , :
.117
4. ;
, . :
,
.
57, 278-282.
Athous Laurae118 446, f. 224-225.119
. ,
115
. (. ,
, . 24.), ( 136. )
116
, . 29.
117
, . 37.
118
113
114
30
,
.120
,
.
5. ; ,
,
, ,
883. .
6. ; 14
, 121,
: ,
; , ,
, ,
1. ;
, (85 )
.
:
, () ;
,
.122
2. ; (17 )
, Athous Cultum. 42,
Vaticana (Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana) 1167, Athous Esphigment (263) 279;
Vaticana 2184, Vaticana 2198, Panag.
78, Cod. Sinaitic. 1690.123
3. ; , (17 )
,
.124
4. ; ( 2 )
Athous Cultum. 42, Vaticana
1167, Panag. 78, Cod. Sinaitic. 1690, Vaticana 2184,
Vaticana 2198 .125
5. ;
, 318
, . 41.
. , ,
, 1983. . 8.
121
"KNIGX NOMOKANON E SKAAT SE AKONOUPRAVILO"
122
., , . 99-108. "Aristini `na
119
120
31
, 318
, , .
20
.126
6. ; (25 )
.127
7. ; (15 )
8. ; (20 )
9. ; (25 )
10. ; (59 )
11. ; .
, (
- )
,
.
,
, ,
.
( ) :
,
, ; ,
,
,
. -
-
() , , ,
,
128
12. ; ,
13. ; ( 30 )
14. ; ( 21 )
15. ; ( 138 )
61. ,
blak goneei. : "blak goneei t
seln vlkodlaci naricat se. da gda oubo pogibnet louna ili slnce.
glagolt vlkodlaci lounou idoe. ili slnce. si `e vsa basin i l`a
, 168.
, 188.
128
., , ,
, , 1996. . 107.
126
127
32
sout"129 ,
, .
.
16. ; ,
,
17. ; ,
18. ; ,
( 22 )
19. ; ,
( 17 )
20. ; ,
, ,
21. ; ,
, ( 91 )
, ,
1220. .130
22. ; 26 ()
23. ; ,
24. ; ,
,
25. ; ,
26. ; , ,
, ,
27. ; , ,
( )
28. ; , ,
( 14 )
29. ; , ,
30. ; , ,
( )
31. ; ,
32. ;
,
33. ; , (8
)
34. ; , ,
, :
, . . (. ,
, . 454.)
130
. , , , 1948. . 134.
129
33
(15 .)
35. ; , ,
( 14 )
36. ; ,(5
.) ,
37. ; ( ) 12
38. ; ,
,
39. ; ,
,
40. ; , ,
,
41. ; , ,
42. ; 131
: , .
,
. ,
. ,
. , .
, .
61. 63. .132 Vaticana 1167 .133
43. ;
45. ; 87
(Collectio LXXXVII capitulorum)
.
46. ; (35. )
,
, , 6592, ,
(24. )
,
,
(31. )
47. ; ,
133
. , , . 602.
134
, . 603.
131
34
, ,
.
48. ;
49-54. ;
49. ;
50. ;
51. ;
...
,
,
.135
55. ;
,
.
56-57. ;
61. ; 136
,
.
21 -
,
.
,
.137
62-64. ;
, ,
.
.138
, , ,
,
.
., , . 108.
, 56. 57, ,
(. ,
, . 24.), ,
. , ,
; , ,
.
137
. , , , 1997.
138
.
135
136
35
,
. ,
, ,
, , , ,
.
, ,
.
( VI )
. ,
() ,
,
.139 , ,
, , . ,
, ,
, ,
, .
,
. ,
,
, ... ,
, , o ,
, ,
, , .
,
, .
:
. , ,
;
.140 , , ,
, ,
76. .141 ,
, , .
,
''.142 , (),
, , ,
, , , 2006. . 164-165.
59.
141
. , , .
12.
142
. , , . 67-72.
"mstnici ` kaatl / kanitl sout crkovnii" ; ''
(. , , . 128.)
139
140
36
, , .143
.
:
, , ...
, ,
: , ,
, ,
, .
48. , ,
III V ,
.144 , 14. ,
, ,
, , ,
, .145
, , , ,
, ,
.
. , 120.
,
. ,
47. .
48.
.
.
, , .
.
.146 ,
33. , . :
, , , ,
.147
, ,
,
, ,
. ,
, ,
. . , ,
,
,
143
144
, 13-14.
. , , .
9.
, 104 ( . , ...)
. , , .
25.
147
, 312, , 551. ( . ,
...)
145
146
37
.148
, (
), . ,
,
, 13. 14. .
48. .
.149
, ( 34. ). , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
, , ,
.150 ,
, 48.
.151 ,
(
), , ,
, ,
, .152
, , ,
, 34. :
,
, ,
,
.
, ,
, , ,
.
40. ( ... ).
: ,
.153 ,
: , ,
; ,
,
154
,
, ,
, .
35. ,
148
. , , .
4.
, . 33.
, , . 163.
151
, 250 ( . , ...)
152
. , , .
60.
153
, 126-127; , 243. ( . ,
...)
154
. , , .
64.
149
150
38
, ,
.
. , ,
,
.
, .
, () ,
,...
( ..) .
,
. , ,
.
, . ,
, , ,
, .
,
, .
,
(Dei gratiae). ,
.
IX , , ,
.
, ,
; 375.
, Pontificis maximi, ,
,
.155 ,
, . ,
,
. ( IX ),
, . (
) , , , ,
, .
( )
(symphonia). ,
,
, , ,
. . , ,
. , ,
,
155
, , , 1931. . 235.
39
, ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
. ( 879.
) I,
.156
, , .
, ,
,
,
.157
.158
, , .
;
.159 45. .
, 6.
.
,
, : (hierosyne te kai
basileia), , ,
. ,
(arches),
;
. ,
,
(ten paradotheisan aute
politeian, . ) ,
. , ,
(ton hieron kanonon)
,
() , .160
,
;
. , , . 236.
. , , . 76.
158
, , , , , 1979. . 97.
159
. , , -, 1992.
-
160
. , , . 79.
. ,
156
157
40
, - , ;
. ,
.
, ,
.
, ,
.161 , 7. ,
14 : , ,
: ,
.162 ,
.
,
,
,
.
,
- ,
. ,
. ()
,
, , . Collectio tripartit
VIII 1163 ( VIII 14
),
.
,
(Donatio Constantini),164
, ,
.
, . ,
,
(
).
.165
, ,
. ,
,
.
(45.
87 ), , (30. 31.
),
. , .
. ,
, III, ,
. ,
. , , . 80.
163
. , , . 97.
164
165
. ,
161
162
41
, ,
.
, .
, ,
, , ,
,
, . ,
, .166
, , ,
.
- . ,
.
, .
, ,
.
. , ,
.
. ?
.167
,
. , . ,
,
,
, . ,
XIII
,
.
, ,
.
(
)
() ,
,
.
,
. ,
,
, ,
166
167
.
. , , . 74.
42
,
( ).
,
.
, , .
,
.
- .
1219. ,
.
,
, (),
. 1253.
. ,
. ,
,
,
, , ,
.
, . , ,
.
(1380,1382.), .
- , , ,
,
- .
,
. 1557.
( ) ,
, , , ,
, .
. , ,
.
,
XIX
.
1844. .
;
:
, ,
,
,
. ,
, , ,
,
43
. , 11921208. , . 1204. ,
.
, , ,
, ,
1206. 1217.
, , .
,
, 1206. ,
,
,
.
, ,
,
. , ,
,
, , 1219.
. ,
,
( )
.
,
, .
, ,
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
,
, , ,
. ,
14 , ,
, ,
, , ,
( ).
,
.
; ,
.
, , ,
.
, , .
, (
1844.), - . ,
,
.
,
- .
44
,
. , ,
.
,
. ,
.
,
. ,
- . ,
,
,
, .
, XIII
,
.
,
(
).
-, ,
.
,
, ,
,
. , , ()
,
,
.
. ,
-
.
(ratio scripta) . . ,
,
. , ,
. ,
,
, () ,
, , .
,
, , ,
(symphonia),
, ,
, , .
,
,
(, , ...) , ,
45
, . ,
, ,
.
,
.
, ,
.
, .
;
, .
, . ()
. ,
, ,
, ,
.
1974. ,
()
, , , .
, , . ,
, ()
,
.
, ,
, .
. , ,
(Volksgeist), , ,
.
,
- , ,
.
,
.
,
.
46
SUMMARY
With the Nemanjic dinasty (1166-1371) begins the rise of serbian medieval
state in the spheres of military, politics, culture and religion. Vast number of
monasteries was build, far more than in previous centuries, the country was expanded
between three seas, the citylife was highly developed and trade, mining and
manufacture were flourishing. The name of Serbia and the Nemanji dinasty became
well known and respected, and the ruling family, like in the Bysantine empire,
received the status of holy and prosperous, praised and celebrated among the next
generations.
Becoming a kingdom (1217) and aquiring religious authonomy (1219) came
after huge political efforts of Stefan Nemanja and his sons. To create a lasting
foundations to the independent state it was necessary to produce a legal system, to
bring regulations for the state and church funcionting. In that time only the tzar could
bring the legal acts and laws, which would fill the gaps in the common law. As the
state developed, also the industry developed so the law had to regulate varius number
of relations. Because of that, with the development of monetary system, Roman law is
taken. Serbia in the time of Sava was not a tzarish empire, so its ruler could not
create code of laws, which would regulate the relations in the state and church.
Serbian rulers reign with single legal acts and decrees. In order to overcome this
probem and organise legal system, after aquiring religious authonomy, Sava created a
Zakonopravilo. Beside decrees that organised the life of church, there are various
normes regarding civilian life, most was taken from Prohiron. Legal transplants of
roman-bysantium law became the basics of serbian medieval law, and Serbian became
the part of christian and european civilisation.
Sava used a Sholastics nomokanon, Sinopsys of Stefan Efesian, canish
interpretations of Aristin and Zonara, Moses Law, also it consisted of regulations of
international and local meetings, rules of the holy fathers, and the complete translation
of Prohiron, and the novel of bysantium emperors (Justinians novels are taken the
most).
It is important to point out that the Zakonopravilo, was not only the church,
but civil law source as well, among everything using the Prohiron and transplant of
roman-bysantium law, that regulated the civil relations. But the Zakonopravilo for
the people of that time meant more than normal law, it is a guide for every believer,
taking care of every person before it is born, from the conception until death, and in
some matters after death, it represents divine law, unchangable and timeless.
Zakonopravilo never ceased to exist, even today it is valid, it was the only
law among Serbs during the turkish occupation. Some of its regulations are also
implemented into Dusans code of law. Also prota Mateja took some of its
regulations for his law, it is mentioned in Serbian civil law. Savas nomakanon was
accepted by Bulgarian and Russian church.
Zakonopravilo is unseparably connected with the gaining of religious
authonomy. It is highly doubtful that the constantinopolian patriarh would have
accepted the foundation of independent church, before he saw nomakanon books that
would regulate the new founded churchs funcioning, and contribute the canonian and
dogmatic unity of orthodox churches. Creation of this nomokanon took a long period,
it is highly possible that Sava got the idea when he arrived to Sveta Gora, but for the
realisation of this project had to pass many decades. With the help of
Zakonopravilo, religious authonomy was gained, but it also represented a shild to
47
defend this independence. A nomokanon of this sort could have been brougnt only by
a head of church in order to constitute independent state and church, a undoubtedly it
was Sava. Zakonopravilo was a completely new compilation of religious and civil
regulations, taken from bysantium sources, but completed and reformed by Sava in
order to funcion properly in Serbia.
RESMEE
48
seiner Geburt bzw. Von seiner Geburt an bis zu seinem Tod, und bei manchen Fragen
auch nach dem Tod, es ist das Gottesgesetz, unwiederruflich und einmalig.
Das Zakonopravilo hat niemals aufgehrt zu wirken bis heute, es war das
einzige Gesetzbuch der Serben whrend der Osmanen. Ein paar seiner Bestimmungen
sehen wir auch im Gesetz von Kaiser Dusan. Auf das Zakonopravilo beruft sich auch
prota Mateja in seinem Gesetz, und es wird auch im serbischen Stadtgesetzbuch
erwhnt. Der Nomokanon von St. Sava wurde auch von der bulgarischen sowie von
der russischen Kirche anerkannt.
Das Zakonopravilo ist unzerreibar mit der Autokephalitt unserer Kriche
verbunden. Es ist schwer zu sagen ob der Patriarch aus Konstantinopel der Grndung
einer autonomen Kirche zugestimmt htte, wenn er den Inhalt des Zakonopravilo
nicht gesehen htte, mit dessen Hilfe diese neugegrndete Kirche gelenkt wurde. Fr
die Entstehung dieses Nomokanons war viel Zeit von Nten, wahrscheinlich kam St.
Sava die Idee schon als er in Sveta Gora ankam, jedoch dauerte die Realisation
mehrere Jahrzehnte. Mit Hilfe des Zakonopravilo gewann man die Autokephalitt der
Kirche, jedoch stellt dieser Nomokanon auch den Schild dar mit welchem man die
Unabhngigkeit mit der Zeit bewahrte. So ein Nomokanon konnte nur ein
unabhngiger Anfhrer der Kirche fr die Gewinnung der Autokephalitt der Kirche
und die Unabhngigkeit des Staates schreiben und dies war ohne jeden Zweifel St.
Sava. Das Zakonopravilo ist eine vllig neue Kompilation kirchlicher und geistlicher
Rechte, deren Quelle im Byzantinischen liegt, die aber von St. Sava umformuliert
wurden, damit sie in Serbien angewendet werden knnen.
49
, . , . , ,
, 2006.
, , ,
: 1168-1371, , 1989.
, , , ,
- , , , 1979.
, , , Catena
mundi.. 1/( . ), :
; : , 1992. . 131-136.
(www.rastko.org.yu)
, , : , -, ,
1986.
, , , , , 2000.
, ,
1219. , , , 1977.
, , . 1-10, , , 1994.
, , , , ,
1877.
, , , , 2007.
, , , , 1884.
, , , ,
- , , , 1979.
, , :
(
50
, . , ,
, ,
, , 1998.
, . , , 1. ,
, , 2005.
, . , ,
, 1997.
, . , ,
, . XXVII, , 1980. . 111-123.
, . ,
, , , 1983.
, . , ,
, , 1990.
, . ,
, , . XLIX,
, 2002. . 27-45.
, . , ,
, , 1986.
, . ,
, , , 1995.
, . ,
, , . 13, ,
1996, . 99-114.
, . , ,
XXVI, , 1932. . 21-43.
, , , ,
1931.
, ,
, ,
- , , , 1979.
, -,
, , , , , 1979.
, , , , , 1988
51
, . ,
, , 1970.
, . , (
), CII, , 1952.
, . , , , 1948.
.119 - 142.
, , , , , 2005.
, , , , , 1989.
, , , , - ,
1928.
, , ,
, -
, , , 1979.
, . , . ,
, ,
, , 1998.
, . . , . . ,
, ,
, , 1998.