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MASTER CYLINDER
BRAKE ON WHEN THE DRIVER DEPRESSES THE BRAKE PEDAL, THE MASTER PISTON MOVES FORWARD CUTTING OFF THE FLUID SUPPLY FROM THE RESERVOIR . HYDRAULIC PRESSURE MOVES THE PISTONS OF THE WHEEL CYLENDER
TYPES OF BRAKES
MECHANICAL BRAKES HYDRAULIC BRAKES VACUUM-ASSISTED BRAKES AIR PRESSURE ASSISTED BRAKES AIR PRESSURE BRAKES HYDRAULIC DISC BRAKES
MECHANICAL BRAKES
HYDRAULIC BRAKES
BRAKE VALVE
SLACK ADJUSTER
BRAKE CHAMBER
ZRGF\
VF DF:8Z l;,Lg0Z GL AM0L V[<I]DLGLID V[,MI VYJF SFQ8 VFIG" GL AGFJ[, CMI K[P 8[g0D DF:8Z l;,Lg0Z DF\ A[ 5L:8G V[S lAHF GL VFU/v5FK/ OL8 SZJF DF\ VFJ[ K[P A|[S ,UFJTF V[S 5L:8G VFU/ GF AgG[ jCL, DF\ A|[S VM., G[ [XZ YL ;%,F. SZ[ K[4HIFZ[ lAHM 5L:8G 5FK/ GF\ AgG[ jCL, DF\ ;%,F. SZ[ K[P AgG[ 5L:8G GL ;FY[ V[S FIDZL VG[ ;[S[g0ZL ZaAZ S5 OL8 SZJF DF\ VFJ[ K[P
ZRGF\
l;,Lg0Z DF\ A[ AFI5F; 5M8"4VG[ A[ .G8[S 5M8" CMI K[4H[ AgG[ 5L:8G G[ VM., ;%,F. SZ[ K[P A|[S DFZTF FIDZL 5L:8G VFU/ GL TZO WS[,FI K[4tIFZ[ TGL VFU/ CF.0=M,LS [XZ pt5gG YJFYL T[DH FIDZL 5L:8G GL VFU/ ZC[, :L\U GL DNN FZF ;[S[g0ZL 5L:8G 56 VFU/ GL TZO WS[,FI K[P VF SFZ6[ UlT SZTF jCL, DF\ A|[S ,FUL HFI K[P FIDZL VG[ ;[S[g0ZL ZaAZ S5 VFDF\ V[H SFZ[ SFI" SZ[ H[D ;L\U, 5L:8G DF:8Z l;,Lg0Z DF\ SZ[ K[P
SFI" 5wWlT
VCL\ VF56[ CF, GL SFZ DF\ 8[g0D DF:8Z l;,Lg0Z GL SFI" 5wWlT lJQF[ ;DHLV[P DF:8Z l;,Lg0Z GM FIDZL 5L:8G A|[S 5[0, NAFJTF A|[S VM., G[ [XZ GL ;FY[ VFU/ GF\ 0FAL AFH] GF\ jCL, VG[ 5FK/ GF\ HD6L AFH] GF\ jCL, l;,Lg0Z DF\ DMS,[ K[P ;[S[g0ZL 5L:8G A|[S VM., G[ [XZ VFU/ GF\ HD6L AFH] VG[ 5FK/ GF\ 0FAL AFH] GF\ jCL, l;,Lg0Z DMS,[ K[P
SFI" 5wWlT
A|[S 5[0, NAFJTF FIDZL 5L:8G YM0M VFU/ GL TZO B;[ K[PVF SFZ6[ T[GL VFU/ ZC[,] A|[S VM., NAF. G[ VFU/ GF\ 0FAL AFH] T[DH 5FK/ GF\ HD6L AFH] GF\ jCL, l;,Lg0Z HJF GL X~VFT Y. HFI K[4VG[ A|[S ,FUJFGL X~VFT Y. HFI K[P FIDZL 5L:8G GF\ VFU/ HJF GF\ SFZ6[ A|[S VM., [XZ GL ;FY[ T[GL VFU/ ,FU[, :L\U G[ NAFJL ;[S[g0ZL 5L:8G G[ 56 VFU/ GL TZO WS[,[ K[P VF LIF ;[S[g0ZL 5L:8G VFU/ GF\ HD6L AFH] GF\ VG[ 5FK/ GF\ 0FAL AFH] GF\ jCL, l;,Lg0Z G[ A|[S VM., 5M\CRF0L A|[S ,UF0JFGL X~VFT SZ[ K[P
SFI" 5wWlT
BRAKING SYSTEM
HYDRAULIC BRAKE
UlT SZTF JFCG G[ ZMSJF DF\8[ T[GL SF.G[8LS V[GHL" G[ CL8 V[GHL" DF\ TANL, SZJL 50[ K[P ;FWFZ6 ZLT[ A|[S 5[0, 5Z 20 YL 40 SLPU|F G] NAF6 VF5JF DF\ VFJ[ K[P VF [XZ G[ JFCG GF\ RFZ[I jCL, ;]WL 5MCRF0JF DF\8[ 5F:S, GF\ lGID GM IMU SZJF DF\ VFJ[ K[P
JFCL G] NAF6
JFI] GF\ V6]VM B]<,F 5F+ DF\ CMI tIFZ[ V[S ALHF YL 36F\ N]Z CMI K[P 5Z\T] NAF6 VF5L T[G[ GHLS ,FJL XSFI K[P VF SFZ6[ H 8FIZM DF\ S[ N0F DF CJF ;\SMRL G[ EZL XSFI K[P5Z\T] JFCL GF\ V6]VM V[S ALHF GL GHLS CMJFYL JFCL GF\ SN G[ NAF6 VF5L 38F0L XSFT] GYLP JFCL 5Z NAF6 VF5JF DF\ VFJ[ TM T[ NAF6 V[S 5Z YL ALHF V6] 5Z V[ ZLT[ VFBF JFCL DF\ ;ZL HFI K[P JFCL DF\ NAF6 DF\ ;\RFZ6 GM lGID [gR J{7FGL 5F:S,[ XMWL SFIMP
HYDRAULIC BRAKE
PASCALS LAW AWL AFH]V[ YL A\W SM. 5F+ DF\ JFCL p5Z ,FU[,] A/4 AWL lNXF DF\ V[S ;ZBL ZLT[ NAF6 SZ[ K[P VF lGID GL DNN YL JFCL GL VMKL ;5F8L 5Z VMK] A/ ,UF0L4JW] ;5F8L 5Z 36] JWFZ[ A/ D[/JL XSFI K[P
;DH]TL
F1=6kg
F2=? B
a2=20cm2
a1
=5cm2
VFS'lT DF\ ATFjIF D]HA WFZMS[ A S\8[GZ GF\ VF0 K[N G] 1F[+O/ a1=5cm2 K[PVG[ T[GF\ 5L:8G 5Z VF5JF DF\ VFJT] A/ F1=6kg K[PHIFZ[ S\8[GZ B GF\ VF0 K[N G] 1F[+O/ a2=20cm2 K[PTM F2=? NAF6 = F1 = F2
a1 a2
F2 = F1 x a2
a1 HIF\ F1 = 6kg, a2 = 20cm2 VG[ a1 = 5cm2
BRAKE RELEASED WHEN THE DRIVER RELEASES THE PEDAL , THE RETURNING FLUID OPENS THE CHECK VALVE AND SLOWLY RE-ENTERS THE MASTERCYLINDER.A SPRING CLOSES THE VALVE TO LEAVE A SLIGHT PRESSURE IN THE LINE
BRAKE OFF . THE RETURNING FLUID FORCES THE MASTER CYLINDER PISTON BACK UNTIL THE RESERVOIR PORT IS UNCOVERED . THE SPRING IN THE WHEEL CYLINDER KEEPS THE BRAKE SEALS IN POSITION NEXT TO THE PISTONS.
INTRODUCTION
VF56[ AFAT ;FZL ZLT[ HF6LV[ KLV[ S[ JFCG DF\ D];FOZL SZGFZ 5KL 0=FIJZ CMI S[ D];FOZ4T[GL ;]Z1FF DF\8[ JFCG DF\;FZL :8LIZL\U l;:8D VG[ ;FZL A|[S GL H~ZT 50[ K[P A|[S4H[ UlT SZTF JFCG G[ ZMS[ TM BZLH45Z\T] T[GL ;FY[v;FY[ lG`RLT ;DI VG[ V\TZ[ JFCG G[ ZMSL XS[P VFH GF\ ;DI DF\ H]GF\ HDFGF\ SZTF JW] h05 YL JFCGM RF,[ K[PDF\8[ h05 YL RF,TF JFCGM G[ ZMSJF DF\8[ JW] ;FZL A|[S G] CMJ] JW] H~ZL AGL UI] K[P
Braking action.
A|[SL\U V[SXG FZF VF56[ V[S S\8=M, OM;" YL UlT SZTF JFCG G[ ZMSL XSLV[ KLV[P HIFZ[ A|[S OM;" G[ VF5LV[ KLV[ tIFZ[ A|[S 0=D GL V[NZ ,FU[, A|[SvX] A|[S 0=D ;FY[ 3QF"6 pt5gG SZ[ K[P VFYL JFCG GL :5L0 VMKL SZL XSFI K[ VYJF T[G[ ZMSL XSFI K[P
Braking action.
VF 5C[,F VF56[ HF^I] S[ CF, GF\ JFCGM B]AH h05 YL UlT SZ[ K[P h05 YL RF,TF JFCG G[ ZMSJF DF\8[ 36L H JWFZ[ A|[SL\U V[SXG GL H~ZT 50[ K[P HIFZ[ JFCG UlT SZ[ K[ tIFZ[ T[DF\ SF.G[8[S V[GHL" VFJL HFI K[4VG[ H[D JFCG GL h05 JW[ K[ T[D VF V[GHL" h05 SZTF RFZ U6L JW] Y. HFI K[P NFPT SM. UlT SZTF JFCG GL h05 AD6L SZL GF\BJF DF\ VFJ[ TM T[DF\ SFIG[8LS V[GHL" VF9 U6L Y. HX[P VF ;DI[ UlT SZTF JFCG G[ ZMSJF DF\8[ VF56 G[ VF9 U6L A|[SL\U V[SXG GL H~Z 50X[P
Example
CF, GF\ JFCGM DF\ ,UEU 80hp ;]WL GF V[gHLG OL8 SZJF DF\ VFJ[ K[P T[JF JFCG G[ :YLZ DF\ YL 120km/h UlT DFG SZJF DF\8[ ,UEU 36 ;[S[g0 GM ;DI ,FU[ K[P HM VF JFCG G[ YMEFJJ] CMI TM T[ DF[8[ 4.5 ;[S[g0 GM ;DI ,FU[K[P p5ZMS AFAT DF HM V[S JFCG 120km/h GL h05[ UlT SZT] CMI VG[ T[G[ YMEFJJF DF\8[ 1/8 ,FU[ K[P VF DF\8[ H~ZL K[ S[ A|[S DF\ V[gHLG SZTF VF9 U6L JW] TFSFT CMIP V[8,[ S[ 80 X 8=640hpp5gG SZ[tIFZ[ H 120km/h GL h05[ UlT SZT] JFCG 4.5 ;[S[g0 DF\ YMEL XS[ K[P
S[8,F [XZ YL A|[S ,F.GL\U 0=D GL ;FY[ 3QF"6 DF\ VFJ[ K[P JFCG S[ jCL, p5Z S[8,] JHG K[m 8FIZ GL ;F.hP A|[S 0=D 0FDL8ZP ZM0 VG[ 8FIZ GL JrR[ SMV[OLXLV[g8 VMO O|LSXGP A|[SL\U ;ZO[X GL V\NZ SMV[OLXLV[g8 VMO O|LSXGP
UlT SZTF JFCG G[ A|[S DFZL G[ YMEFJJ] T[ lGR[ H6FJ[, AFATM p5Z lGE"Z CMI K[P
l0:S A|[S
l0:S A|[SDF\ OZTL l0:SGL VFH]AFH] lO|SXG 5[0 ZFbI]\ CMI K[P lO|SXG 5[0 VG[ l0:S J0[ B]A H VMKL HuIF CMI K[P HIFZ[ A|[S 5[0, NAFJJFDF\ VFJ[ K[ tIFZ[ DF:8Z l;,Lg0ZDF\YL VFJT]\ A|[S O,].0 VF 5[0G[ VM5Z[8 SZL l0:SG[ OZTL V8SFJ[ K[P VF l0:S sSF:8 VFI"GfDF\YL AGTL CMJFYL TYF T[ B]<,L ZC[TL CMJFYL UZDL TZT KM0L N[ K[ VG[ A|[SGL SFI"1FDTF J3FZ[ K[P 5ZN[XGL A3LH SFZDF\ VF 5|SFZGL A|[S HMJF D/[ K[P
8g0[D DF:8Z l;,Lg0ZDF\ A[ DF:8Z l;,Lg0Z l5:8G4 A[ R[S JF<J4 A[ 5|FIDZL S5 TYF A[ ;[S0\ZL S5 CMI K[P HIFZ[ ;FZF DF:8Z l;,Lg0ZDF\ V[S l5:8G V[S R[S JF<J4 V[S 5|FIDZL S5 TYF V[S ;[Sg0ZL S5 CMI K[P NZ[S 5|SFZGF DF:8Z l;,Lg0ZG[ VM5Z[8 SZJF DF8[ OST V[S H 5[0, CMI K[P
J5ZFI K[P
OFINM o
8g0[D DF:8Z l;,Lg0ZYL CF.0=M,LS A|[SGL VFU,L S[ 5FK,L SM.56 V[S 5F.5,F.G OF8L HJFYL A|[S O[, YTL GYL VG[ VS:DFT YTM GYLP