Discussion Shearing forces are unalligned forces pushing one part of a body in one direction, and another part

the body in the opposite direction. When the forces are alligned into each other, they are called compression forces. An example is a deck of cards being pushed one way on the top, and the other at the bottom, causing the cards to slide. Another example is when wind blows at the side of a peaked roof of a home the side walls experience a force at their top pushing in the direction of the wind, and their bottom in the opposite direction, from the ground or foundation. A plane is passed through a body, a force acting along this plane is called shear force or shearing force. A bending moment exists in a structural element when a moment is applied to the element so that the element bends. Moments and torques are measured as a force multiplied by a distance so they have as unit newton-metres (Nm). There are some error that may cause the difference in reading between the experimental value and the calculated value for both shear force and bending moment. The load is disturbed while applying force. Therefore, the force will become not accurate. Besides, the mass of the hanger also increase the force of the load. The mass of the hanger is not calculated. The beam is not stable when measuring the shear force. The beam is shaking during the experiment. The reading of shear force dynamometer is keep on changing. Accurate reading is hardly taken. Screwing or unscrewing the beam have affect the balance level. There are room for improvement. Avoid the disturbance from the surrounding. The result will become more accurate. Make sure that the beam is stable then take the readings. The mass of the hanger must be reduced to avoid additional force acting on

it. The reading of the shear force dynamometer must be stable before it is taken. Make sure that in screwing or unscrewing your hand must not disturb the balance level. Neither put heavy loads first nor over load the beam. Bending Moment and Shear diagrams are always used by structural engineers or anyone dealing with forces in materials. In steel beam design, bending moment tells the structural engineer what is the lightest shape I can use to carry this bending moment. Shear strength of steel beams are high and typically can be overlooked if there isnt and special loading condition that warrents a look such as a column sitting at the middle of a beam or near the support. At the support, the shear stresses are at its highest and any load near this point would raise a red flag to check the capacity of the steel beam. In concrete, everything has to be checked because concrete is design for bending and the internal couple within the beam must resist the external bending moment placed on it. In addition, the shear in concrete has to be check to make sure it has the capacity and if it doesnt, stirrups are used to raise the shear capacity to at or above the ultimate strength design of the section. In any case, steel stirrups are always placed in concrete beams. Also, if a engineer is doing a moment frame in concrete or steel, they have to understand how bending moments and shear should look like in the frame. In today world, the structural engineer uses software to do all the calculation but if they do not know what a bending moment or shear diagram looks like in a loading condition, the analysis is null. Bending moment and shear diagrams are used all the time by engineers design bridges, buildings, boats, cars, planes and any type of structure that has to resist forces.