]

[






) 5 (6

]
[

) (189

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
18


.


.
.

.
.
.


.

.
) Moon Calculator 6.0, by Dr.
) .(Monzur Ahmed
.
.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
18



"
".

) (

"

". "
"

). (1990

"
".
) (1992

.
).(timekeeping
)(Doggett, Calendars http://astro.nmsu.edu/~lhuber/leaphist.html

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
18



)( :
.
.
)(
.
:

) (365.24219878.
) (29.530588.
24
.

.

.
:
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
18


365
. 12
12 30 5 .
4.
365
1460 1460 1461 .
4241 2773
.

. ) (1 312
365 366
4 3 :
)(30

.1

)(31

.7

.2

)(30

.8

)(31

.3

)(31

.9

)(30

.4

)(31

.10

)(31

.5

)(28

.11

)(31

.6

)(31

.12

)(30

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
18



. ) (
.

7 3761 .
7 19 19

235
.19 17 14 11 8 6 3 : :
-1 354
-2 355
-3 353
-4 384
-5 385
-6 383
19
13 12 .
:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6
18

30

30

+29

+29

-30

-30

29

29

30

30

29

) 30 (

) 30 (

30

30

29

29

30

30

29

29

30

30

29

29

354

384

: 1 ) ( 1

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
18


1925 12
31 30 29 30
.
: .

.


) 365.24219852( ) 365.24219878( .
3.8 .
:
.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.
.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8
18




12
12 .

:
-1

-2

-3 :
-4 :
-5 :
-6 :
-7

-8

-9

-10

-11 :
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------9
18

 -12 :

:
.
.


.

:
-1 9 24.
-2 3.
-3 7 19

]
!











[
:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------10
18





"

".
.

:
.1

.2

.3

.4

.5

.6

.7

.8

.9

.10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11
18

.


)(

:
-1

.
-2
.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
18



48
) (Sosigenes
365
.
709 ) 45 (
.
: ) (31 ) (28 ) (29 ) (31
) (31 ) (30 ) (31 ) (30 ).(31
) (4
29 366 ) (4 28
365.

) (Pope Gregory XIII
1582 11 ) (10

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
18

 325 1582 365 ) 6(

365 ) (5 48 46 128.
) (5 1582
3 4.
4
400 1988 1984 1980 1700 1500
1900 .
2400 2000 1600
1752 1872 1875
1912 1917 1923 .

) (Joseph Justus Scaliger) (1609-1540
) (Chronology
.
: -28 -19 -15
) (The Julian Period 4713/1/1 .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
18

 1849 ) (John F. Herschel) (1871-1792 " "

.
) (Julian Day Numbers )(-

4713/1/1) 4712/1/1 ( .
).(Astronomical Julian Days
:
.1 ) (Chronological Julian Days )(-
.4712/1/1
.2 ) (Modified Julian Day
. 17/16 . 1858
) (2400000.5.
.3 ) (Lilian Day Number
. 1582/10/15

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------15
18



) (Meton 432
.

30 19 354 11 355 :
.29 26 24 21 18 15 13 10 7 5 2

.

. ) MoonCalc 6.0
(Dr. Monzur Ahmed
.
) (MoonCalc 6.0 Dr. Monzur Ahmed ) (Calendar Converter
) (http://www.calendarhome.com/converter/ .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
18

8 1

622/9/20

)(

5 4

626/1/9

)(

28 11

632/5/25

)(

22 13

634/8/23

20 17

638/7/8

)( 1 201

817/3/23

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
18


.1

) ( 1997

.2

) ( . 1988

.3

) ( . 1992

.4

) ( .

.5

) ( . 1990

.6

) ( . 2000

.7

) ( . 1980

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
18