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P.O Box 179, Mae Sod, Tak, 63110, Thailand. Tel: 66 (0) 81 7241 281. E-mail: ndddrd07@csloxinfo.com (or) ndddrd07@gmail.com

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trrw Sw
S pf pf OOf f ((336622))

“=uyfajy;u om;owf
om;owform;awG
orm;awGudk Edifkiif w
H umw&m;&H;k odk@ tjrefydk@=updk@”

(6)ESp=f um aetdrt f us,cf sKyfu jyefvw G cf ge;D &ufyidk ;f tvdkrmS trsKd ;om;acg ;om;acgi;f aqmif a':atmifqef;pk
=unfud ukd etzppftpd;k &u tr_qifzrf;qD;+yD; w&m;pGq J zdk dk@ pDpOfaewJtay:htay: ta&S@waD rmEdik if o H rRw rpPwm
[dak q;&mrdk@pf a[mfvw f mu
mu tvGepf ufqyk f &GrH ek ;f p&m/ cHjyif;p&maumif;wJh ppf&mZ0wfaumif etzAdv k cf sKyf}uD;
awGudk Edik if w H um &mZ0wfw&m;&H;k (ICC)rSm &H;k wifppfaq;+yD aq;+yD; xdxad &mufa&mufta&;,lzdk@ olu, dk w f idk f
awmif;qdrk ,fvd vk@d arv(15)
arv(15) &ufae@rmS xkwaf z:ajymqdck yJh gw,f?
+Adwo d #ygvrD eftrwf(60)ausmu f vnf; etz. vlom;rqefwjJh ypfra_ wGudk pHpk rf;az:xkwf ta&;,lay;
zdk@ arv(8)&ufae@rmS vufrw S af &;xd;k awmif;qdck =Jh uovd/k t*Fveftajcpdu k f CSW (Christian Solidarity
Worldwide) tzGJ@}uD;uvnf; etzppf etzppftpd;k &J@ vlom;rqefwjJh ypfra_ wGudk Edik if w H umtpd;k &tzGJ@awGtaeeJ@
aumf r&Sizf GJ@+yD; pwifppHk rf;ppfaq;ay;zdk@ awmif;qdrk ,fq+dk yD; arv(7)&ufae@rmS a=ujimcsux f wk jf yefcyJh gw,f?
=uyfajy;u om;owform;awG usL;vGecf w Jh Jh &mZ0wfjypfra_ wG[m wae@wjcm; ydrk sm;vmaewmud ;vmaewmudk
awG@&yg w,f? om;owform;awG usL;vGecf w Jh Jh &mZ0wfjypfra_ wGxrJ mS tpkvu dk tf +yHKvku d f owfjzwfr}_ uD;awGeJ@
rsdK;wH;k owfjzwfr_r}_ uD;awGvnf; trsm;tjym;yg0ifcw Jh mudk awG@&ygw,f?
vuf&dS etzppftm%m&Sif Adv k cf sKyf}uD;awGu, dk w f idk f yg0ifusL;vG;veG cf wJh Jh tpkvu dk t
f +yH
+yKH vduk f vlowf owfyaGJ wG
teuf 1998ck 1998ckEpS t f wGi;f weoFm&Dwidk ;f c&pPwD w;D u|ef;rSmjzpfymG ;cJw h Jh vlowfyGy(JG 2)ckta=umif;udk ud, k af wG@}uHKcJh
&wJh wyfrawmft&m&daS [mif;wOD;u AGt D adk t jref jrefrmydik ;f tpDtpOfuwqifh xkwaf z:wif z:wifjycJw h mudk =um;vdu k &f yg
w,f? etzAdv k cf sKyf}uD;awG&J@ wpf wpfcscsuv f w G tf rdef@a=umifh typfrt Jh &yfom; (59)OD;eJ@ xdik ;f ig;zrf;pufavSay:u
a&vkyo f m; (22)OD;udk aomifjyifrSrmS wef;pDypfowf+yD; tavmif;awGud ukd azsmufzsuyf pfc&Jh yHak wGudk tar&duef
jynfaxmifprSkrmS Edik if a&;cd Ha&;cdv
k aH_ exdik wJ
fwhJ ppfaxmufvrS ;f a&;t&m&d a&;t&m&adS [mif; Adv k rf LS ;atmifvif;xGÉu f xkwf waf z:ajym
qdck wJh m jzpfygw,f?
1998 ckEpS f arvrSm uu§=unf;&J@ wm0efay;csut f & wyfrawmf(a&)rS ppfO;D pD;t&m&dcS sKyf (a&)
Advk rf LS ;cs
;csKyf=unf
=unfrif; (umuG,af &;OD &;O;D pD;csKyf(a&)tjzpf &mxl;wd;k jr‡ifichf &H +yD;aemuf wm0efrtem;ay;cH Stem;ay;cHc&Jh ol)/
wyfrawmf(av) rS ppfO;D pD;t&m&dcS sKyf(av) Adv k rf LS ;cs
;csKyfjrif
jrifah qG (umuG,af &;OD &;O;D pD;csKyf(av)tjzpf &mxl;wd;k jr‡ifichf H
&+yD;aemuf OD;ae0if;ajr; ajr; rsm;tr_EiS q fh ufE, G +yDf+yD; jzKwfxw k zf ,f&mS ;cHc&Jh ol)eJ@ bkwjf yif;tajcpdu k f trSw(f 13)
ppfqifa&;uGyu f rJ X_ mecsKyf (puc -13)rSL; Adv k rf LS ;cs
;csKyf ol&jrifatmif hatmif (,QK jrefrmhwyf wyfrawmf ppfa&;csKyf)wdk@
OD;aqmifwJh =unf;/ a&/ av yl;aygi;f ppfqif a&;wyfawG[m Zm Zm'uf}uD }uD;u|e;f udk tajcjyK+yD; weoFm&Durf;vGef
yifv,fjyifrmS ppfqifa&;avhusirfh a_ wG jyKvkyaf epOf puc(13) vufatmufcH aumhaomif; tajccsppfAsL[mrS
ppfAsL[mrSL; Adv k rf LS ;}uD; aZmfrif; (,QK trSw(f 1) v#ypf pf pGr;f tm;0ef}uD;Xme0ef Xme0ef}uD;) acgi;f aqmifwJh wdu k cf u dk af &;
wyfawGu xdik ;f -jrefrm a&jyifyidk ef ufteD;rSm&dw S Jh c&pPwD w;D u|ef;rSmtajcjyK+yD; jrefrmha&ydik ef uftwGi;f &dS u|e;f awG
tm;vH;k udk wufa&muf&iS ;f vif;cJc=Jh u&w,fvdk@ qdyk gw,f?
tJ'v D dk wufa&muf&iS ;f vif;pOf u|e;f awGay:rSm opfcw k /f 0g;ckw/f wHigtvkyef J@ iSuo f u dk cf ;l wJtvk
htvkyf
awGudk vkyu f idk pf m;aomufae=u&wJh t&yfom; (59)OD (59)OD;udk zrf;qD;&rdc+Jh yD; c&pPwD w;D u|ef;ay:rSm ,m,Dxd xrd ;f odr;f
xm;cJyh gw,f? zrf;rdxm;olawGtm;vH m;v;Hk ukd owfypfzdk@ &efuek pf pf&;Hk csKyfrS ppfO;D pD;t&m&dS(Adv k rf LS ;csKyf) Adv k rf LS ;csKyf
jrifah qG (,QK umuG,f a&;0ef}uD;XmerS upx(5)rSL; 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyf}uD; jrifah qG)u {+yDv&J@ nwnrSm yl;aygif aygif;
ppfqifa&;rSL; Adv k rf LS ;csKyf =unfrif;xHud ukd a=u;eef;ay;ydk@cw Jh ,fvd vk@d qdyk gw,f? a=u;eef;0ifvmwJt h csed [ f m ppfqif
a&;awGudk ppf&;Hk csKyfuae wdku&f u dk u f yG uf aJ vh&w dS Jh 'kw, d umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD; armifat;
t𝔲l aewwfwt Jh csed rf dk@ wpHw k &m trSm;t,Gi;f jzpfrmS udpdkp;kd &drw f Jh Advk rf LS ;csKyf=unfrif;u 'Dtrdef@udk taumif
txnfaz:zdk@ atmufajc wyfrLS ;awG ;awGudk qufvufr!$ r!$e=f um;cif ppfO;D pD;tpnf;ta0;ac:+yD; csjycJ&h mrSm puc(13)
rSL; Adv k rf LS ;csKyf ol&jrifah tmifu txuftrdef@twdik ;f rqdik ;f rwG csucf si;f aqmif&u G zf dk@ awmif;qdcJkcahJ =umif;
od&&dS ygw,f?
aemuf
aemufwae@ eHeuf eufrmS Adv k rf LS ;csKyf=unf
=unfrif; ud, k w f idk f pufay:wuf+yD; &efuek pf pf&;Hk csKyfu ppfO;D pD;t&m&dS
(Advk rSfrLS ;csKyf) Adv k rf LS ;csKyfjrif
jrifah qGudk ar;jref;pHpk rf;wJt h cg t&yfom;awGtm;vH tm;vH;k udowf kowfypfzdk@ trdef@ay;ol[m 'kw, d
Adv
k cf sKyfrSrLS ;}uD;armifat; (tbat;) r[kwyf J Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD
;}uD;oef;a&$ (tb}uD;) ud, k w f idk jf zpfw,fvdk@ jyefvnf
ajz=um;cJw h ma=umifh b,fvrdk S rv$rJ a&SmifomawmhyJ c&pfpwD;u|e;f tajcjyK aumhaomif; tajccsppfAsL[mrS
ppfAsL[mrSL; Adv k rf LS ;}uD;aZmfrif;udk xyfqif! h e$ =f um;cJah =umif; od&&dS ygw,f? Adv k rf LS ;}uD;aZmfrif; OD;aqmifwJ whJ
tzGJ@[m Adv k cf sKyfrLS ; }uD; oef;a&$&J@trdef@t& (3)ESpt f &G,o f rD;i,fwOD;eJ@ rD;zGm;+yD;cgptrsKd ;orD;wOD; tygt0if
t&yfom; (59)OD;udk c&pPw;D u|e;f &J@aomifjyifrmS aoG;at;at;eJ@ wef;pDypfowfcJc+yD h+J yD; tavmif;awGudk ajrjr‡Kyf
azsmufzsucf =Jh ua=umif; od&dS &ygw,f? tJ't D r_eJ@ wqufwpyfwnf;jzpfymG ;cJw h Jh aemufxyf tpkvd vu kd t+yH
ft+yHKvdu k f
owfjzwfrw _ pfckcu k awmh c&pPw;D u|e;f teD;rSm zrf;qD;&rdcw Jh Jh xdik ;f ig;zrf;pufavSay:u a&vkyo f m;(22)OD
m;(22)OD;udk
Adv
k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD;oef;a&$&J@trdef@t& c&pPw;D u|ef;ay:rSm tvm;wl wef;pDypf ypfowf+yD; pufavS veJSe@J tavmif;awGudk
azsmufzsuypf fypfcw Jh t Jh r_ jzpfygygw,f?
2005ckEpS f Zlvidk v f (13)&ufae@uvnf; xdik ;f ig;cd;k avSEpS pf ;D eJ@twl zrf;qD;&rdcw Jh Jh jrefrmEdik if o H m; a&vkyf
om; (13)OD;udk txuftrdef@t& cr&(267)ppfa=umif;u bkwjf yif yi;f +rdK@e,ftwGi;f &dS *svef;u|e;f teD;rSm tpkvu dk f
t+yHKvdu k f ypfowfcyJh gw,f? ZGev f (14)&ufae@rmS awmh aumhaomif;+rdK@teD;&dS vef;bwfu|e;f (Lumbert
Island) ay:rSm opfcw k w f t Jh vkyef J@ toufarG;ae=uwJh t&yfom; (23)OD;udk +rdw+f rdK@tajcpd ajcpu dk f cv&(265)u
zrf;qD;+yD; tJ'txJ DtxJu vl(17)OD;udk (2)okycf u GJ m vef;bwfu|e;f eJ@ ru|e;f uvpfu|ef; (Makyunkalit Island)
awGay:rSm wef;pDypf ypfowfcyJh gw,f? ypfowfwpJh pfom;awGu t&uftvGet f u|rH ;l aewJt h wGuf ud uadk wZmrif;
qdo k tl ygt0if opfcw k orm;(2)OD
form;(2)OD;u uHaumif;axmufrpGm xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmufomG ;ayrJh usew f (Jh 15)OD;u
awmh usnq f x H rd eS u f m aoqH;k cJ&h ygw,f? vef;bwfu|e;f rSm ypfowfccH &Jh olawGuawmh +rdw+f rdK@e,fu +zdK;+zdK;eJ ;eJ@
apmaxG;/ &efuek u f iwuf/ bkwjyif fjyif;+rdK@e,fu pd;k 0if;Edik /f xm;0,f+rdK@e,fu ausmOf ;D eJ@ trnfrodol (2)OD;wdk@
jzpf=u+yD; ru|ef;uvpfu|e;f ay:rSm ypfowf owfccH &Jh ol awGuawmh xm;0,f+rdK@e,fu udpk ;dk / pef;0if;/ oef;pd;k eJ@
trnfrodol (3)OD;wdk@jzpfa=umif; od&&dS ygw,f?
2005 ckEpS f Zlvidk v f (11)&ufae@rmS vnf; trSw(f 8)ppfqifa&;uGyu f rJ p_ pfXmecsKyf (puc- (puc-8) vuf
atmufcHcH a&S@wef; cr&(410)u wyf&if;rSL; 'kAv dk rf LS ;}uD;aZmfrif; OD;pD;wJh ppfa=umif;(1)[m weoF weoFm&Dwidk ;f ykavm
+rdK@e,fta&S@buf xdik ;f jrefrme,fpyfteD;&dS weoFm&Dacsmif;r}uD; a'owav#mufrmS e,fajr&Si;f vif;a&; vkycf yJh g
w,f? uapxm uapxm &Gmysut f eD; awmawmifvsKd ajr‡mif mifawGxrJ mS yke;f atmif;aexdik =f uwJh u&if&mG yke;f (2)&Gmud mudk
awG@&o dS mG ;wJt h wGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;ydwqd fqk@d +yD; ypfcwfc=Jh uygw,f? etzwyfawG&J@ 0dik ;f 0ef;ypfcwfra_ =umifh typfru&if Jhu&if
&Gmom;(2)OD; aoqH;k oGm;cJ+h yD; touf(12)atmuf rde;f cav;i,f(2)OD;eJ@ a,mufusm;av;(1)OD; tjyif;txef
'%f&m &&do S mG ;cJyh gw,f? touf (12)ESpaf tmuf rde;f uav;(5)OD;eJ@ vom;t&G,f a,mufusm;av;wOD ;av;wOD;
tygt0if a,mufusm;uav;(11)OD;/ touf(12)ESpt f xuf rde;f uav;(7)OD uav;(7)OD;eJ@ touf(12)ESpt f xuf
a,mu
a,mufsm;uav;(4)OD;/ pkpak ygi;f (27)OD;udak wmh t&Sivuf fvuf&zrf;qD;+yD; ac:aqmifomG ;cJ=h uygw,f?
'%f&m&&dx S m;wJh rpef;at;(10)ESp/f r0if;ar(11)ESpef J@ armif0if;xGe;f (9)E (9)ESpS w f dk@ (3)OD;tygt0if
(23)OD;udk puc(8)rSL; Adv k rf LS ;csKyfxd xed 0f if;&J@ !$e=f um;csut f & a&S@wef; puc(8) XmecsKyfwnf&&dS m
“atmifom0&” aus;&Gmudk ydk@aqmifay;&r,fvdk@ajym+yD; 'kAv dk rf LS ;}uD;aZmfrif;u tm;vH;k udk vrf;rSmwif tpk
vdu k tf +yHKvdu k f owfjzwfazsmufzsuf ypf ypfcyJh gw,f? touf(12)txuf a,mufusm;uav; (4)OD;udk ay:wm
tjzpf ppfa=umif;eJ@twl qufvufac:aqmifoG omG ;cJ+h yD; aemufq;Hk rSm olwdk@uv dk nf; E_wyf w d w f t Jh aeeJ@ tjywf&iS ;f
ypfcjJh yefygw,f? tjypfru&if Jhu&if&mG om; (27)OD;udk tpkvu dk t f +yHKvdu k f ypfowfcw Jh u Jh pd eP J@ywfouf+yD; owif;ayguf
=um;r_r&daS tmif cr&(410)u t&m&d/S t&mcH/ t=uyfppfonftm;vH;k a&iHEk w _ yf w d af e=uzdk@ u&cwkid ;f rSL; Adv k cf sKyf
tke;f jrifh (,QK umuG,af &;0ef}uD;Xme upx(6) rSL;u ;u Zlvdkiv f (19)&ufae@rmS !$e=f um;cs um;csuf xkwjf yefcJcyhJ gw,f gw,f?
tvm;wl Zlvidk v f (16)&ufae@uvnf; trSwf w(f 13) ppfqifa&;uGyu f rJ X_ mecsKyf (puc- (puc-13) vuf
atmufcH cr& (560) ppfa=umif;(1)[m +rdwcf &dik f avnm+rKd @e,fc&GJ J@ ta&S@ajrmufbuf&dS awmwGi;f wae&mrSm
tdraf jc(20) avmuf&w dS Jh &Gmyke;f wckudk 0ifa&mufwu dk cf u dk cf jJh yefygw,f? tjypfr&Jh mG om; a,mufusm;(2)OD;eJ@
trsdK;orD;(2)OD;udk ypfowfc+Jh yD; wJtrd t f vH;k (20)eJ@ qefpyg;awGudk rD;&d_@zsuq f ;D ypfcyJh gw,f? tJ'D'aD e@rmS yJ
cv&(103)rS Adv k rf LS ;aus
;ausmo f l OD;pD;wJh ppfa=umif
=umif;uvnf; weoFm&D+rdK@e,f pm&0acs pm&0acsmif;zsm;rSm yke;f atmif;aexdik f
wJh +rdw§f xm;0,f xm;0,f &Gmom;awGudk 0ifa&mufwu dk cf uf dkucf jJh yefygw,f? cav;i,f(3)OD;eJ@ rdcifwOD; ypfowfccH &Jh +yD;
wJtrd (f 17)aqmifeJ@ qefpyg;awGudk rD;&d_@ zsuq f ;D cJ=h uygw,f? &Gmom;(9)OD; tcktcsed t f xd aysmufq;Hk aeqJjzpf+yD;
'%f&m&&d m&&x dS m;wJh &Gmom; (2)OD;uawmh e,fpyf pyfudk xGuaf jy;vGwaf jrmuf vmcJ=h uygw,f?
weoFm&Dwd wikd ;f twGi;f tpkvu dk tf +yHKvdu k f vlowfra_ wGudk usL;vGecf w Jh w Jh yfawGuawmh urf;&d;k wef;wdik ;f
ppfXmecsKyfvufatmufcH wyf&if;wyfzGJ@awGeJ@ weoFm&Dwidk ;f tajcpdu k f puc(5)/ puc(8)/ puc(9)/ puc(13)/
puc(15)eJ@ puc(20) wdk@&J@ vufatmufcw H yf&if;wyfzGJ@awG jzpfygw,f? vGwv f yfwJh u&ifvl@tcGit fh a&;tzG
a&;tzGJ@
wpfcu k rSww f rf;wifjyKpkxm;wJph m&if;awGt& weoFm&Dwidk ;f rSm 1998 ckEpS u f ae 1999 ckEpS t f wGi;f puc(9)
vufatmuf atmufcw H yf&if;wyfzGJ@awGu tjypfru Jh &if&mG om; (105)OD;udk owfjzwfc+Jh yD; &Gmol&mG om; (200)ausmu f
awmh jyif;xefw'Jh %f&mawG &&dcS =Jh ua=umif; od&&dS ygw,f?
vufeufcsoal wG/ +idr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;zdk@ vma&mufoal wGeJ@ typf&yftzGJ@0ifiaf wGuv dk nf; tpkvu dk t f +yHK
vdu k owf
fowfjzwfypfcw Jh Jh om"uawG trsm;tjym;&dyS gw,f? e0w u +idrfr;f csr;f a&;aqG;aEG;zdk@ w&m;0ifzdzw d af c:cJw h m
a=umifh e0w acgi;f aqmifawG awGeJ@awG@qzHk dk@ 1997ckEpS f pufwbFmv(16)&ufae@rmS weoFm&Dwidk ;f o&ufacsmif;
+rdK@e,f awmifaysmufaus;&Gmtkypf k a&ylaus;&GmrSm oGm;a&mufapmifq h idk ;f cJ=h uwJh +rdwx f m;0,f nD!w G af &;wyfO;D
u OD;wifxG xeG ;f acgi;f aqmifwJh c&dik af umfrwD0ifawG/ vH+k cHKa&;tapmifw h yfzGJ@0ifawGeJ@ aus;&Gmjynfol@ppftzGJ@0if
pkpak ygi;f (25)OD; udk Adv k rf LS ;ausmaf qG OD;pD;wJh cv&(262)ppf
cv&(262)ppfa=umif;u t,Ho k iG ;f vSnfhpm;+yD pm;+yD; zrf;qD;cJyh gw,f?
xm;0,fwyfe,frLS ; Adv k rf LS ;csKyfaZmfxeG ;f (trsKd ;om;pDru H ed ;f ESipfh ;D yGm;a&;zGH@+zdK;wd;k wufa&;0ef}uD;Xme 'kw,0ef d,0ef}uD;
jzpfvm+yD; etz&J etz&J@ pD;yGm;a&;tajctaeawG ;a&;tajctaeawGudk a0befajymqdck w Jh t Jh wGuf ta&;,lz,f&mS ;cHc&Jh ol)eJ@ xm;0,f
tajcpdu k f trSw(f 9) ppfaxmuf axmuf vSr;f a&;wyfrLS ; Adv k rf LS ;ol ;ol&jrifOh ;D wdk@&J@ !$e=f um;csut f & cv&(262)u tJ'aD e@
naeydik ;f rSm OD;wifxeG ;f tygt0if (23)OD;udk a&yl&mG xdyrf mS wif &uf&ufpufpuf tpkvu dk t f +yHKvdu k f owfjzwf
ypfc+Jh yD; use(f 2)OD;udv k nf; aemufwae@ rSm owfjzwfypfcaJh =umif; od&&dS ygw,f?
2000 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbmvtwGi;f rSmjzpfymG ;cJw h Jh typf&yf MDA tzGJ@&J@ rke;f ud;k ta&;tcif;rSmwke;f uvnf;
uu§=unf
uu§=unf;eJ@ &rcwdik ;f rSL; Adv k cf sKyfoD
o[ D ol&wifatmifjrifODhO;D (,QK etztwGi;f a&;rSL;(1) Adv k cf sKyf}uD; oD[ol&
wifatmifjrifO;D ) trdef@t& puc(16)rSL; Adv k rf LS ;csKyfjrif jrifv h id_ f (,QK ava=umif;&efumuG,af &;t&m&dcS sKyf 'kw, d
Adv k cf sKyf}uD;jrifv h id_ f acgi;f aqmifwJh vufatmufcw H yf&if;wyfzGJ@awGu vDerD if acgi;f aqmifwJh 0 eJ@ ud;k uef@tEG,f
0if wyfzGJ@0if(97)OD;tygt0if &Gmol&mG om; pkpak ygi;f (150)ausmu f dk zrf;qD;+yD; tpkvu dk tf +yHKvdu k f owfjzwfypfcJh
ygw,f?
tvm;wl 2001 ckEpS f Zlvidk v f (7)&ufae@uvnf; &ycwdik ;f rSL; Adv k cf sKyfarmifbdk (,QK arv 15 &uf &ufae@
wGif aoqH;k +yD[k owif;xGuaf eaom 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyf}uD u;D armifb)dk &J@ trdef@t& puc (2) vufatmuf atmufcH cr&
(512) u typf&yftzGJ@wpfckcjk zpfwJh SSNA cGx J u G t f zGJ@u Adv k rf LS ;t*~;t*~ acgi;f aqmifwJh vJcsm;+rdK@e,f twGi;f &dS
aemifvikd Xf mecsKyfudk tiftm;oH;k +yD; tvpftidu k f 0if 0ifwu dk cf yJh gw,f? wdu k yf t GJ wGi;f rSm typf&yftzGJ@u Adv k }f uD;
crf;vS tygt0if wyfzGJ@0if(7)OD (7)OD; usq;Hk oGm;cJ+h yD; om;i,fqo dk t l ygt0if (11)OD;udk t&Sivuf fvuf&zrf;qD;&rdcyJh g
w,f? 'gayrJh wdifki;f rSL;Adv k cf sKyfarmifb&Jdk&@J “wpf
“wpfODO;D rS t&Sirvd frvdck sib f ;l ” !$e=f um;csut f & t&Sizf rf;qD;&rdoal wGudk
wyfcrGJ L;AdL;SL;Adv
k Ef idk 0f if; OD;pD;wJh wyfcu GJ vufjyef}udK;wkw+f yD; aemifvidk pf cef;teD;u v#Kd }uD;twGi;f rSm wef;pDypfowf
cJyh gw,f? tJ'cD Ek pS f arvwGi;f rSmvnf; wdik ;f rSL;Ad ;Adv k cf sKyfarmifbd b&kd J@ trdef@t& etzwyfawGu &Sr;f jynfe,f
uGe[ f ed ;f +rdK@e,ftwGi;f &dS tjypfrt Jh &yfom; (80)ausmu f dk tpkvu dk f t+yKHvu dk f owfjzwfcyJh gw,f?
 1991 ckEpS f atmufwb dk mvtwGi;f {&m0wDwidk ;f +rdK@e,f(26)+rdK@e,frmS e0u qifEcGJ w Jh Jh “rkew f idk ;f ppf
qifa&;” rSmvnf; tjypfru&if Jhu&ifjynfol (1000)ausmf &uf&ufpufpuf towfccH &Jh +yD; trsm;tjym; ;tjym; ESp&f n S f
axmif'%fawG awG csrw S cf cH &Jh ygw,f ,?f &meJ@csw D Jh u&ifaus;&GmawGvnf vnf; rD;&d_@zsuq f ;D cHc&Jh ygw,f? rkew f idk ;f ppfqifa&;
udk uu§=unf; &J@ wdu k &f u dk u f yG uf rJ a_ tmufrmS taemufawmifwidk ;f ppfXmecsKyf wdki;f rSL;Adv k cf sKyfjrifah tmif
(e0w ppfaumif aumifpt D zGJ@0ifEiS fh v,f§qnf 0ef}uD;jzpfc+yD Jh+yD; 1998 ckEpS f Ed0k ifbm 15 &ufae@wiG f aoqH;k cJo h )l u
teD;uyf}uD;=uyf+yD; qifEcGJ w Jh mjzpfygw,f? 'Dppfqifa&;rSm ewc vufatmufcH cv&(18)/ cv&(27)/ cv&(36)/
cv&(38)/ cv& (51)/ cv&(63)/ cv&(92)/ cv&(93)/ cv&(98)/ cv& (308) eJ@ cr&(108) wdk@tjyif
wyfr(11)vuf(11)vufatmufcH enf;AsL[m (111) uGyu f rJ t
_ zGJ@eJ@ vufatmuf atmufcw H yf&if;wyfzGJ@awGu avwyf/ a&wyf/
tajrmufwyfawG&J@ypfuel J@ u&if u&ifaus aus;&GmawGtm;vH;k udk ajrvSeaf csre_ ;f ypfcjJh cif; jzpfygw,f?
1991 ckEpS f atmufwb dk m(2)&ufae@uae Ed0k ifbmvuket f xd awG@qw Hk uf
dkuyf (GJ 13)}udr/f awG@qyHk pf
(78)}udr/f az:xkw&f &dS (45)}udrf jzpfymG ;cJ&h mrSm u&ifoyl ek f (275)OD; usq;Hk +yD; (13)OD;zrf;rd/ (3)OD; vufeufcscJh
w,fvdk@ e0w u w&m;0ifa=unmcJ =unmcJah yrJh bdu k av;+rdK@e,f/ axmfyidk af 'ow 'owpfckcw k nf;rSmwif tjypfru Jh &ift&yf
om; (1000)eD;yg; towfccH &Jh wm jzpfygw,f?
2002 ckEpS f {+yDv(28)&ufae@rmS etzu u&ifjynfe,ftwGi;f uav;(3)OD;tygt0if &Gmom;(12)OD;udk
tpkvu dk tf +yHKvdu k f ypfowfcrJh t _ ygt0if ppftm%m&Siaf wG&J@trdef@t& wjcm;e,f wjcm;e,fajra'oawGrmS vnf; e0w/
etzwyfawGu vlrodorl od usL;vGecf =Jh uwJh tpkvd vu kd t f +yHKvdu k f owfjzwfr}_ uD;awG trsm;tjym; use&f adS eOD eOD;
rSm aocsmygw,f? ppftm%m&Siaf wG[m [m awmxJawmif awmifxJ vlrodorl odae&mawGrmS omru +rdK@}uD;awGay:rSm
vnf; tpkvu dk t f +yHKvdu k f vlowfyaGJ wGudk t}udr}f udrf usL;vGecf =Jh uol uolawG jzpfygw,f? 1962ckEpS f Zlvidk (f 7)&uf
&efuek wuU fwuUov dk v f o l wfyu GJ pvdk@ 2003ckEpS f ar(30) 'Dy, J if;vlowfy}GJ uD;eJ@ 2007 pufwbFm oHCmhqEN qENjyyGaJ wG
txd ausmif;om;vli,fawG/ tvkyo f rm;awG
rm;awG/ &[ef;oHCmawG tygt0if jrefrmjynf mjynfoal wGudk axmifaomif;csD
um owfjzwf jzwfco Jh al wG jzpfygw,f?
wduk yf aGJ wGtwGi;f rSm vufeufuidk x f m;oltcs tcsi;f csi;f wzufeJ@wzuf tjyeftvSeyf pfcwf=u&if; xdcu dk f
aoqH
aoqH;k =uwm[m "rRwmvdk@qEdk idk af yrJ yrJh urBmppf}uD;awGrmS awmif vufeufcswo Jh kH@yef;awG/ cav;i,fawG/
trsdK;orD;awGeJ@ tjypfrt&yf Jht&yfom;awGudk Edik if w H umOya't& owfjzwfjcif; rjyKcJ=h uygb;l ? 'gayrJh ppftm%m m%m&S
%m&Sif
Av dk cf sKyfwpkuawmhuawmh olwdk@&J@tm%mudk +cdr;f ajcmuforl eS o f r# vufeuf&o dS al &m/ r&do S al &m b,fol@urdk S
csex f m;rSmr[kwb f J “tpdwo f m;awmif cserf xm;eJ@” qdw k Jh olwdk@&J@ vufo;Hk rl0g't& tm;vH;k udk tjywf&iS ;f rSm
aocsmygw,f?
2005 ckEpS f atmufwb dk mv(10)&ufae@rmS usi;f yjyKvk yjyKvkycf w Jh Jh etz&J@ 2005 ckEpS f 'kw, d av;vywf
ppfqifa&;!dES id_ ;f tpnf;ta0;rSm etz OuUX Adv k cf sKyfrLS ;}uD;oef;a&$u ppfwidk ;f rSL;awG/ wyfrrSL;awGudk wjynfv;Hk
rSm&dw S Jh NLD trmcHawGudk pm&if;jyKpkxm;+yD; pnf;&H;k +zdKcGzJ dk@/ jynfyu usL;ausmw f u dk cf u dk v f mcJ&h if oufqidk &f m
ppfwidk ;f tvdu k f pm&if;jyKpkxm;wJh NLD trmcHawGudk tjywf&iS ;f ypfzdk@ twdtvif; xnfoG hoiG ;f !$e=f um;xm;+yD;
jzpfygw,f?
tckvnf; AAPP(B) tzG tzGJ@u arv(11)&ufrmS xkwjf yefa=unmcJ =unmcJw h Jh “qdyu f , G &f muvlowfuiG ;f ”
trnf&d&Sd tpD&ifcpH mrSmaz:jyxm;ovdk a':atmifqef;pk=unfeJ@ rif;udEk idk f wdk@tygt0if 'Dru dk a&pDwu dk yf 0JG if
Edik if aH &;orm;awG
&;orm;awGuvnf dkvnf; tusO;f axmifawGtwGi;f rSm vlrqefwJ wehJ nf;awGeJ@ !Si;f yrf;owfjzwf zwyf pfzdk@ etzu
pepfwus pDpOfvyk aqmif faqmifaeygw,f? 'ga=umifh trsKd ;om;'Dru dk a&pDtzGJ@csKyftaeeJtaeeJ@ vufrmS aoG;tvdr;f vdr;f pGe;f
ayaewJh ppf&mZ0wf aumifawGeJe@J vufqEGJ w _ q f ufzdk@ pdwu f ;l ,Ofaer_awGudk 'DrmS wife*d Hk;csKyf+yD; ppftm%m&S m%m&Sif
awGudk wGe;f vSeq f ef@usi=f uzd uzdk@ jynfov l x l u k dk jywfjywfom;om; OD;aqmifoifah eyg+yD? jynfov l x l uk vnf;
rdrw d dk@us&mwm0ef/ us&mtcef mtcef;u¾toD;oD;uae =uyfajy;u om;owf om;owform;awGudk Edifkiif w H um&mZ0wf
um&mZ0wf
w&m;&H;k udk tjrefydyk@d Eifdkizf dk@twGuf 0dik ;f 0ef;}udK;yrf;=uzdk@ wdu k w f eG ;f wifjyvdu k yf gw,f?

End of report / Sunday, May 17, 2009

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Documentation and Research Department (NDD)