ISSN-0971-8354

:'iBk ns/ ftek; Bz{ ;wofgs

Gkos d/ Bt fBowkD dk

wkf;e gZso
;kb L 28

nze 6

w[Zy ;zgkde s/ fBod/Fe

;zgkde s/ T[g fBod/Fe
;z:[es fBod/Fe (T[sgkdB)

L
L
L

iBtoh, 2013

oki/F e/H Mk
pbpho wkX' g [ o h
thHe/ H whDk

;z g kdeh d\so
:' i Bk (gz i kph)
Jh;N pbke-4, b?tb-7, nkoH e/H g[ow,
BthI fdZbh-110066H \'B ns/ \?e; L 011-26177591
e-mail : yojanapunjabi@yahoo.com
t?p` ;kJhN gsk L www.publicationsdivision.nic.in
Jh-w/b gsk L a) dpd@sb.nic.in L b) dpd@hub.nic.in
doK (d/F)
fJe ekgh L
d' ;kb L

` 10
` 180

;kbkBk
fszB ;kb

L
L

jtkJh vke d[nkok L ;koe d/FK bJh L

j'o d/FK bJh L

` 100
` 250
` 530
` 730

;kbkBk
;kbkBk

uz d / Gkosh g' ; Nb nkovo$wBh nkovo s/ p? I e vok\N okjhI

ADG (i/c), gqekFB ftGkr d/ BK #s/ j/m fby/ gs/ T[&Zs/ G/i'. uzfdnK d/
BftnkT[D ns/ g[ZS-gVskb bJh ;zgoe eo' L

fp}fB; w?B/io (ftfrnkgB s/ ;oe{b/FB)

;{ohnkeKs Fowk
gqekFB ftGkr, ;{uBk s/ gq;koD wzsokbk,
Jh;N pbke-4, b?tb-7, nkoH e/H g[ow,
BthI fdZbh-110 066 \'BL 011-26105590
N?bhc?e;L011-26100207, email-pdjucir_jcm@yahoo.co.in

:' i Bk (gz i kph) ftu gq e kfFs fBpz X K ftu gq r NkJ/ ftuko

b/ y eK d/ nkgD/ jB. }o{ o h BjhI fe T[ j ;oeko iK
;z;EktK d/ ftukoK dh Mbe j'D fiBQK bJh T[j ezw eod/
jB.
:' i Bk (gz i kph) ftu gq e kfFs ftfrnkgBK dhnK ;kwZ r ohnK
;z;EktK iK T[BQK d/ gqfsfBXK Bkb ;zpzXs jB. :'iBk (gzikph)
fJBQK ftfrnkgBK dhnK ;kwZrohnK$w{b-gkm s'I T[sgzB
d/DdkohnK gqfs fe;/ soQK th f}zw/tko BjhI j?.

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;kbkBk uzdk `100

2013 w[pkoe !
fJ; nze ftu
2H
3H
9H
14H
19H
23H
25H
27H
29H
31H
34H
35H
37H
40H
44H
47H
50H

52H
fp}fB; w? B / i o (j? ` v e[ n koNo) L011-24367260, 24365609 55H
59H
:' i Bk (gz i kph) wkf;e gZ f sq e k, ;{ u Bk s/ gq ; koD 61H

wz s okbk tZ b ' I gq e kfFs ehsh iKdh j? . fJj f;oc

;oekoh fdqFNhe'D Bz{ jh g/F eoB se ;hws BjhI j?.
@:'iBk# gzikph ;w/s n;kwh, pzrkbh, nzro/}h, r[ioksh,
fjzdh, ezBV, wfbnkbw, wokmh, sfwb, s/br{, Uvhnk
ns/ T[ o d{ nkfd ftu th gq e kfFs ehsh iKdh j? .

`20

;zgkdeh
Gkos ftu e[Fb gqFk;B dh u[B"sh
gqFk;B ns/ ftek;
e[Fb gqFk;B ns/ iBse Bhsh
Jh-gqFk;B L j/m'I T[`go bJh gj[zu dh b'V
e[Fb gqFk;B d/ wkgdzv
gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dk w;bk
e[Fb s/ ;[yktK gqFk;B
gqFk;B s/ gkodoFsk
;w[Zuh ;k\-;\kJh w[fjzw dh wdd
eh s[;hI ikDd/ j'<
wB[Zyh nfXeko u/sBk }o{oh
e[dosh ;o'sK dh ;[uZih tos'I dh }o{os
okFNo fBowkD ftu :[teK dh G{fwek
e[vBebkw fty/ fBT{ebhno gbKN
d[ZX ftu ;t?-fBoGo Gkos
\;bK ftu pdbkn L ;[fB;us y/sh
seBhe ngDkT[D dh b'V
pdb ojhnK w"B;{Bh gq;fEshnK
e{ek iE/pzdh ns/ BkfwbtosB bfjo
eosko f;zx ;okGk
pkpk joBkw f;zx dk ;okGk Bkb w/b

65H pZfunK ftu d/F Grsh dh GktBk

68H ]poK ftu'I ]poK
72H g[;se gVu'b

pkbwheh gq;kd f;zx

:'frzdo e/H nbr
;zs'F e[wko
;who e'SV
i;tzs f;zx nwB
okidftzdo f;zx f;ZX{
wB'jo f;zx psok
wBXho f;zx fdUb
ntBhF ;'we[wko
gq'H niw/o f;zx n"by
r[owhs e"o
nfwsk Fjhd
vkH e[bdhg f;zx Xho
rfowk wfjzdhoZsk
vkH w[fjzdo f;zx pkitk
vkH bytho e"o Xkbhtkb
skok f;zx nBikD
skokuzd gkb p/eb
wbftzdo ihs f;zx tV?u
;hsk okw pK;b
vkH doFB f;zx @nkFN#
pfuzs e"o
vkH e[bdhg f;zx Xho

eto L rikBB ghH X'g/

:'iBk (gzikph) vhH ghH nkJhH (ekbiK) ns/
vhH ghH
nkJhH (;e{bK) gzikp, tb'I gZso BzL 424- n?vhNo (p[e;)
2$14-89 fwsh 22-8-89 ns/ j[ew BzL 3$35-88-n?vhNo
(gzL), fwsh 28-6-89 okjhI gzikp d/ ;ko/ ekbiK, ;e{bK
ns/ bkfJpq/ohnK bJh gqtkB j?.
1

;z g kdeh

e[Fb gqFk;B - fJe bzwh :ksok

nk

X[fBe i[Zr ftu e[Fb gqFk;B dh XkoBk B/ nkgD/ ;\o ftu eJh gVkn gko eo bJ/ jB. nk}kdh s'I gfjbK d/
;w/I ftu rKXh ih dh ;'u ftu e[Fb gqFk;B dk w[Zy o{g ftu noE ;h b'eszfsqe fte/IdoheoB fi; okjhI okiBhse
Fq/DhpZX ;wki d/ ;G s'I j/mb/ b'eK ~ ns/ rqkw gzukfJs ~ FeshnK d/Dk. go 1990 d/ djke/ d/ F[o{ ftu e[Fb gqFk;B dh
gfoGkFk J/Fhnk ns/ n\ohek d/ d/FK bJh eo}/ d/ p'M j/m dp/ d/FK bJh eo}k d/D tkb/ d/FK dhnK FosK d/ o{ge ftu pdb
rJh. fJ; ~ ne;o d[BhnK d/ eJh fjZf;nK ftu ;wkfie nFKsh ns/ okiBhse rVpVh bJh d'F fdsk iKdk ;h. go }'o
}pod;sh ns/ pkjoh dpkn s'I nk}kd j' e/ fJ; XkoBk ftu eJh Bhshrs gfjbK i' GkJhtkbh tkb/ ftek;, \?;b/ b?D ftu
gkodofFsk ns/ b'eK dk nkgD/ \?;b/ nkg b?D ns/ nkgDk GftZy ;[nkoB bJh FesheoB dh wzr T[`mD ekoB fdbu;gh pDh
ojh.
wB ftu fJj oyDk uzrk j't/rk fe gqFk;B dk wsbp j? ;oeko ns/ ;wkfie y/so d/ j'o gqpzXeK dk nkg;h skbw/b ns/
fJ; r[zMbdko d[BhnK ftu \?;b/ b?D dh gqfefonk. fJj wjZstg{oB j? fe gqFk;B dk wsbp ;oekoK jh BjhI j'Dk ukjhdk. fJ;
~ okiBhse ns/ gqFk;fBe YKu/ tb'I \?;b/ b?D, bkr{ eoB ns/ itkpd/jh d/ r[zMbdko skD/pkD/ d/ fjZ;/ ti'I d/yDk ukjhdk j?.
p[fBnkdh edoK-ehwsK i' gqFk;B ~ e[Fb pDkT[IdhnK jB, T[j jB GkJhtkbh, \?;b/ eoBk, itkpd/jh ns/ gkodofFsk ns/
okiBhse gqDkbh ns/ pokpoh dk ;zt/dBFhb YKuk fi; ftu ;k\r'Jh ns/ ekfJd/ ek~B nB[;ko ubDk Fkfwb j't/. nfij/ ;wki
i' uzr/ e[Fb gqFk;B dk wB'oE jk;b eoBk ukj[zd/ jB, ~ fJBQK edoK-ehwsK #s/ ubD dh b'V j? sK i' b'eK ~ d/F d/ ftek;
ftu'I T[BQK dk pDdk fjZ;k fwb ;e/. fJ; fdFk ftu eJh edw u[Ze/ rJ/ jB i' b'eK d/ ihtB ns/ T[BQK d/ gqFk;fBe YKu/ Bkb
;zpzXK T[go wjZstg{oB n;o gk oj/ jB.
\?;b/ eoB dh gqfefonk ftu gkodofFsk :ehBh pDkT[D bJh b'eK d/ jZE ftu ;{uBk dk nfXeko ek~B fJe FeshFkbh
jfEnko j?. fezB/ jh nfij/ wkwb/ j'J/ jB fiE/ b'eK B/ nkgD/ fJ; nfXeko dh tos'I eoe/ uzrhnK fwT{I;gb ;/tktK jk;b ehshnK
jB, bkb chskFkjh ~ ysw ehsk j? ns/ foFts]'oK ~ ;}k fdtkJh j?. oki ;oekoK B/ nfijk iBse ;/tk ftF/F nfXeko (ukoNo)
pDkT[D bJh edw u[Ze/ jB fi; okjhI b'eK ~ ;oekoh ftGkrK tb'I tZy-tZy ;/tktK d/D bJh ;wK fBFus ehsk frnk j?. nk;
j? fJ; s'I b'eK dhnK nB/e fFekfJsK dk fBtkoB j' ikt/rk i' iBse ;/tktK ftu d/oh ekoB T[`mdhnK jB ns/ nkw s"o s/
foFts]'oh ns/ ne[Fbsk dh iVQ jB.
gqFk;fBe itkpd/jh ns/ b'eK tZb ;ztd
/ BFhbsk bJh gqFk;fBe ns/ okiBhse YKu/ ftu ;{uBk T[;koh nfjw G{fwek ndk eodh
j?. Jh-gqFk;B nfij/ j'o edwK ftu'I fJe j? i' BkrfoeK Bkb ;zpzfXs ;oekoh ezweki dk sohek pdb fojk j?. d/F d/ tZytZy GkrK ftu ub oj/ Jh-gqFk;B d/ wkvb fJ; w[Zd/ dk itkp jB. tZv/ g?wkB/ #s/ ;{uBk w[jZJhnk eoBk pj[s wjZstg{oB ofjD
d/ Bkb-Bkb fJBQK wkvbK okjhI nkJh ;h Nh d/ bkGK dh ikDekoh fwE/ torK se pdbkn bJh gj[zukT[Dk j'o th wjZstg{oB j?.
iBse Bhsh B}ohJ/ s'I th fJj b'eK ~ b'VhId/ ekoi eoB ftu gqo/ Bk d/D bJh wddrko ;kps j' oj/ jB.
fJj ;Zu j? fe b'eK d/ tZv/ fjZf;nK ~ \?;b/ b?D dh gqfefonk s'I pkjo oZyD Bkb gqFk;B n;zt/dBFhb j' iKdk j? ns/
d[otos'I ~ iBw fdzdk j?. gzukfJsh oki ;z;EkB j[D fgzv d/ gZXo #s/ f;ZX/ ns/ GkJhtkbh d/ gqFk;B d/ }o{oh wzu jB. fJBQK
;z;EkBK ftu okyt/IeoB B/ n"osK ~ Fesh fdsh j? ns/ fJ; Bkb okiBhse ns/ ;wkfie G/dGkt i' n"osK ;fj ojhnK jB, xNDk
bk}wh j? ns/ fJj fgsk-w[yh ;wki d/ J/ekfXeko i' jkb/ th pj[s FeshFkbh j?, ~ s'V ;e/rk.
e[Fb gqFk;B fJe rshFhb XkoBk j?. fJ; d/ eJh nzr jB ns/ :'iBk d/ fJ; nze d/ ;f\nK ftu fJBQK T[go ns/ fJBQK
Bkb ;zpzfXs w[ZfdnK T[go ft;Eko ;fjs ftuko-tNKdok ehsk frnk j?. go fJj dZ;Dk w[V s'I Y[etK j't/rk fe gqFk;B f;o\
;oeko dk fizwk jh BjhI j?. ;oeko ns/ ;wki ftu brksko ns/ wjZstg{oB tkoskbkg e[Fb gqFk;B d/ n;{bK ~ n;odko sohe/
bkr{ eoB ns/ T[BQK ~ j'o tXhnk pDkT[D bJh nfs }o{oh j?.
:'iBk tb'I nkgD/ gkmeK ~ Bt/I ;kb dh pj[s-pj[s tXkJh.
2

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

e[Fb gqFk;B

Gkos ftu e[Fb gqFk;B dh u[B"sh L BthI gj[zu dh b'V

pkbwheh gq;kd f;zx

w[Z

ypzX

Gkos d/ gfjb/ gqXkB wzsoh gzfvs

itkjo bkb Bfjo{ B/ nkgD/ wFj{o 15
nr;s 1947 d/ GkFB @j'Dh Bkb w[bkeks#
ftu b'eK d/ B[wkfJzfdnK ;kjwD/ ezw ns/
;/tktK ~ fJBQK ;gZFN FpdK ftu fpnkB
ehsk ;h HHH@@rohph, nfrnkBsk ns/ phwkoh
Bkb bVBk ns/ fJBQK dk ykswk eoBk,
fJe ][Fjkb, b'eszso ns/ nrKjtX{ d/F
dk ftek; eoBk ns/ ;wkfie, nkofEe
ns/ okiBhse ;z;EkB yVQ/ eoB/ i' jo
wod ns/ n"os ~ fBnK ns/ ihtB ftu
][Fjkbh fBFus eoBr/.## fJj ezw jkb/
th ukb{ jB. fJBQK ekoiK #s/ fJe v{zxh
Mks s'I ;gZFN j? fe fJj Nhu/ e[Fb
gqFk;B d/ eoB :'r jB.

e[Fb gqFk;B dh w[jko

ns/ ftFk t;s{ b'eK dhnK
nk;K ns/ BthnK-BthnK
wzrK nB[;ko pdb ojh j?.
b'eszsfoe e[Fb gqFk;B
fJj ukj/rk ns/ fBFus
eo/rk fe bhvofFg
nfijhnK nk;K tZ b
ikro{e oj/ ns/ e[Fb
gqFk;B d/ ;z;EkBK ~
BkrfoeK dh GbkJh bJh
brksko pdbdk oj/ .
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

noE
e[Fb gqFk;B dh e'Jh nkw wB}{oF[dk gfoGkFk BjhI j?. e[Fb gqFk;B d/
noE T[g` o o{VhQ tkdh ns/ nrKjtX{ ftukoK
tkfbnK ns/ ;wkitkdhnK ns/ efwT{fB;NK
ftukb/ wsG/d jB. jkb jh d/ ;kbK
ftu e[Fb gqFk;B fJe pj[s jh c?FBekoh
Fpd pD frnk j? ns/ fJ; ~ tZy-tZy
sohe/ Bkb tofsnk ik fojk j? i' iBse
ns/ fBZih nwbdkohnK do;kT[d
I / jB.
n;hI iBse nwbdkoh pko/ jh rZb
eoKr/. ;kvk tk;sk fJE/ e[Fb gqFk;B
dh nfijh fe;w Bkb j? i' oki dh
G{yzvh gqG{;Zsk ~ ;[oZfyns eoe/ BkrfoeK
bJh ftneshrs ;[oZfynk, nwB-u?B ns/

f;Zfynk s/ f;js s'I b? e/ r[}o-p;o ns/

y[oke ;[oZfynk ;/tktK fBFfus eo/.

;z d oG
e[Fb gqFk;B dh e'Jh th gfoGkFk
T[d'I se ;wM ftu BjhI nkt/rh id'I se
T[; ~ ;w/I d/ ;zdoG ftu Bk d/fynk
ikt/. 21thI ;dh d/ F[o{ ftu fJj ;gZFN
j' frnk ;h fe i' xZN s'I xZN ;oekoh
d]bnzdk}h ukj[zd/ jB T[BQK dk gZbVk
fgsoh b'e GbkJh oki dh tekbs eoB
tkfbnK s'I Gkoh j?.
fJe ekpb, n;odko ns/ b'eokih
;oeko ;wkfie fBnK ns/ FKsh g{oB
;wki dh ;G s'I tXhnk }kwBh j?. fJ;/
soQK fJ; rZb T[s/ th }'o j? fe
gqFk;fBe gqDkbh Bk f;o\ oki gqpzXB d/
;z;EkBK ns/ fJ; dh ek~Bh ns/ fB:zsfoe
wFhBoh ~ fXnkB ftu oZy e/ ;r'I fJ;
dhnK wzvhnK, f;ftb ;';kfJNh ns/
;fGnkukoe edoK-ehwsK ~ fXnkB r'uo/
oZy e/ d/F ftF/F ns/ y/soh ftF/F j'Dh
ukjhdh j?. fJ; bJh oki dk w[Zy ekoi
;j{bs gqdkB eoBk, fBFfus eoBk ns/
skbw/b fpmkT[Dk j'tr
/ k. Bk wkoehN
ns/ Bk jh f;ftb ;';kfJNh fJj G{fwek
T[Bh pk]{ph ndk eo ;edh j? fizBh fe
;oeko. fJ; bJh fJj ;oeko d/ pdb
BjhI pD ;ed/.
Gkos fJ; ftFth tkd-fttkd iK
;wkitkdh gqDkbh s'I g{iz htkdh ftek; wkvb
tZb ubD s'I nbZr BjhI j?. go
3

][Ffe;wsh fJj j? fe Gkosh gqFk;B ftu

iBse y/so dk J/ekfXeko BjhI j?.
f;ftb ;';kfJNh iBse y/so d/ w[ZfdnK
Bkb tX/o/ ;zpzfXs j? ns/ ;oekoh
d]bnzdk}h ;wkfie ;[ofZ ynk b'VK, pZfunK
dh ;[oZfynk bJh f;js ;zGkb ns/ n"osK
ns/ xZN frDshnK bJh w"e/ w[jZJhnk
eoB bJh b'e GbkJh ;ehwK ubkT[D
bJh j?. Gkosh okiBhse nkr{, Bhsh
fBoXkoe ns/ tgkoe fdwk|h Fesh 21thI
;dh ftu d/F ~ nkofEe wjKFesh
pDkT[D ftu i[V/ jB. go b'eszso
dhnK }o{osK Gkosh okiBhse nkr{nK ~
rohph, n;wkBsk ns/ nkw nkdwh dhnK
sebh\K ~ v{zx/ x'yD bJh w}p{o eo
ojhnK jB.

okFNoh edoK-ehwsK
gqFk;B dh XkoBk ~ wjkswk rKXh
dh nrtkJh tkb/ nk}kdh d/ x'b B/ ns/
;zftXkB d/ fBowksktK dhnK nkFktK ~
\?;bke[zB ;/X fdsh. rDszso dh F[o{nks
t/b/ Gkosh ;zdoG ftu edoK-ehwsK
okFNotkd, b'eszso, Xow fBog/ysk, r[NZ
fBob/gsk ns/ ofbnk-fwfbnk noEszso
;B. nZi okFNotkd dk noE yopK
vkbo d/ tX/o/ ;w[Zu/ xo/b{ T[sgkdB
noEszso ~ w}p{s pDkT[Dk j? ns/ fJj
;odko gN/b tb'I i' FkBdko sohe/
oitkfVnK dk skbw/b ehsk frnk T[j
xZN j?. fJe j'o fJfsjk;e \?;bk Gkos
~ Xow fBog/y pDkT[D dk fbnk frnk.
;kv/ fBZih ihtB ftu Xow dk jw/Fk tZvk
;EkB fojk j?. Xow, B;b ns/ iks dh
gSkD dk okiBhsheoB f;yo se gj[zu
frnk j?. nZi ;zgqdkfJe ns/ ;zehoD
;'u ;kv/ ;wki ns/ iBse Bhsh ftu
tX/o/ wjZstg{oB jB ns/ fJj okFNoh
ns/ oki gZXo #s/ th nZr/ j?.
fgSb/ ;Zm ;kbK s'I ;kvh ftukoXkok
dk x/ok iBse nk; T[`go nkXkos fojk
j?. fJj j'o w[Zdk j? fe fJj jw/Fk
4

n;bh BjhI fojk. 1991 s'I n;hI j"bhj"bh g{zihtkdh o;s/ #s/ uZb/ jK. b'eszso
Gkos ftu gqFk;B dh ikB j?. go
b'eszso d/ ubD ftu eJh ]kwhnK
;kjwD/ nkJhnK jB. f;ftb ;/tktK s'I
ftXkB wzvbK ns/ oki;h skes se
f}zwt/ koh dh eVh pj[s ew}'o j?. gqFk;B
d/ T[gob/ gZXo #s/ pknd dh d/yo/y ns/
;z;dh ew/NhnK okjhI x'y ftuko fJ;
;wZf;nk dk fjZ;k jB. okiBhsh dk
ngokXheoB ns/ iksgks ns/ Xow dh
u'Dkth okiBhsh ftu tX ojh G{fwek tZvh
fuzsk d/ ftF/ jB.
rDsz s o d/ w[ Z Y b/ ;kbK ftu
ekoiekoh nkr{ ekch ;[ssz osk Bkb ezweki
eod/ ;B. okiB/sktK, ]k; s"o s/ wzsohnK
dh gjz[u oki ;ZskXkoh T[`u tor ns/
FeshFkbh ro[gZ K ~ d[obG ;o'sK dh tzv
Bkb F[o{ j'Jh. f;ftb ;/tktK dh fBogZysk
T[go 1960 d/ djke/ s'I okiK ftu wzsoh
wzvbK dh n;fEosk Bkb dpkn g?Dk F[o{
j' frnk. e/d
I o ftu rmpzXB ;oekoK
1980 d/ djke/ d/ pknd d/ ;kbK s'I
pDB Bkb Fesh d/ eJh GkrK ftu tzv/
ikD Bkb fJj gqfefonk j'o rfjok rJh
j?. go u'D do u'D, nkw nkdwh
nkgDh nktk} T[mkT[d
I k fojk j? ns/
nkgD/ B[wkfJzd/ fJ; sohe/ pdbdk fojk
j? fe okiK ns/ e/Ido ftu ;oekoK
pdbdhnK ojhnK. f;ftb ;';kfJNh ro[gZ K,
whvhnk ns/ u[;s ndkbsh ekotkJh dh
wdd Bkb fJ; gqfefonk okjhI ekoiekoh
nkr{nK dh f}zw/tkoh mfjokT[D dh wzr
T[`mh j?. b'eszso, ;w/-I ;w/I u'DK eotkT[D
s'I @e[Fb# gqFk;B tZb tX frnk j?.

e[ F b gq F k;B
;w[Zuh d[BhnK ftu Bkrfoe oki
ns/ fJ; d/ nzrK tb'I T[u` gZXoh ekor[}koh
dh nk; eod/ jB. BkrfoeK tb'I okiBhse
gqfefonk ftu ;[szso o{g ftu, p/o'e-N'e
ns/ g{oh soQK Gkrhdkoh dh y[ZbQ j'Dh

bk}wh j?. e[Fb gqFk;B itkpd/j

okiBhse nrtkJh, tXhnk Bhsh fBoXkoB
ns/ g/Fkto edoK-ehwsK Gog{o f;ftb
;/tk Bkb i[fVnk j?. gq?`; dh nk}kdh
ns/ ;[szso fBnK gqDkbh tkbh f;ftb
;';kfJNh dh j'Id e[Fb gqFk;B bJh ;G
s'I gfjbK b'VhIdh j?. Gkosh ;zdoG ftu
e[Fb gqFk;B eh j?< e[Fb gqFk;B ;kjwD/
w[Zy u[B"sh ;wkfie ftek; dh j?. 14
nr;s 1947 d/ nkgD/ wFj{o @j'Dh
Bkb w[bkeks# GkFD ftu itkjo bkb
Bfjo{ fJ; u[B"sh dk f}eo @@rohph,
nfrnkBsk ns/ phwkoh ns/ w"fenK ftu
n;wkBsk dk ykswk## eo e/ ehsk j?.
fiE'I se w?I ;wMdk jK, fJ; dk wsbp
fBnK, FesheoB, o[}rko ns/ u[;sdo[;s ;/tktK d/Dk j?.

fBnK :ehBh pDkT[ D k

fBnK d/D d/ ihtB ;[oZfynk ns/
ikfJdkd, fBnK se gj[zu ns/ ek~B
ftt;Ek ;w/s eJh gfjb{ jB.
nwB-u?B ~ ]sok L iBse GbkJh
dk ;G s'I wjZstg{oB nzr j? ;[oZfynk
d/Dk, ]k; s"o s/ f}zdrh ns/ ikfJdkd
dh ;[ofZ ynk. Gkosh okFNoh ;oeko fJBQK
jkbsK dhnK r[zMbK s'I ;[us/ j? ns/
dfjFsrodh, tZytkd ns/ Be;bh fjz;k
~ o'eD bJh tX/o/ w}p{s fJokdk ns/
ek~B ftt;Ek, b'eszso d/ nzrK ns/
;wkfie i'Vw/b dh fBoftxB wdd fdykT[D
dh b'V j?.
fBnK se gj[zu L fBnK se gj[zu
fJ; p[fBnkdh w[Zd/ T[`go nkXkos j? fe
b'e ek~B d/ mhe soQK bkr{ j'D ftu
ftFtk; eoB. n;bhns ftu, fJ; d/
eJh T[bN gfjb{ jB. eJh BkrfoeK ~
nkgD/ nfXekoK pko/ ikDekoh BjhI j? ns/
T[j nkgDh g?oth eoB dk p'M BjhI u[Ze
;ed/. ;G s'I tZvh u[Bs" h ek~Bh dkng/uK dk r[zMbdko j'Dk ns/ eufjohnK
dk youk ns/ w[eZdw/ bzw/ bweDk j?.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

fBnK gqDkbh e'b fJBQK ;wZf;nktK Bkb

fBgND bJh ekfozfdnK ns/ j'o T[gokfbnK
dh xkN j?. fJ; bJh fBnK se gj[zu
w}p{s eoB bJh bVhtko :sB }o{oh
jB. fJ; d/ Bkb-Bkb, BkrfoeK dh
s[ozs ;jkfJsk bJh nko}h gqpzXK dh th
b'V j?.
ek~Bh ftt;Ek L e[Fb gqFk;B
dh XkoBk fpBK FZe BkrfoeK d/ fiT[D d/
nfXeko, nk}kdh ns/ ][Fh dh y'i Bkb
i[Vh j'Jh j?. fJe b'eszso ftu fJj
ek~Bh ftt;Ek d/ x/o/ nzdo jh fBFfus
ehsh ik ;edh j?. ek~Bh ftt;Ek fJ;
w[jkto/ Bkb i[Vh j? fe e'Jh th ek~B
s'I T[`go BjhI j?. jo fe;/ ~ fJj ;gZFN
s"o s/ ;wMDk ukjhdk j? fe ek~Bh
ftt;Ek ek~B okjhI je{ws s'I tZyoh j?.
ek~B okjhI je{ws ;oekoh szso dh fJe
gqDkbh j? ns/ fJ; ftu ;oeko ek~B s'I
T[`go j? go ek~Bh ftt;Ek ftu ;oeko
;w/s e'Jh th ek~B s'I T[`go BjhI j?.
fJ; YKu/ nzdo, ek~Bh ftt;Ek Bk f;o\
BkrfoeK dh nk}kdh dh }kwBh j? ;r'I
fJj ;oeko d/ nfXekoK ~ ;hws th
eodh j? ns/ fJ; soQK fJj ;oeko ~
\?;b/ b?D ftu tX/o/ ;gZFN eodh j?.
;kvh ;zftXkBe gqDkbh ftu, ;G ~
ek~B ftu pokposk dk doik ns/ ;wkB
;[oZfynk gqkgs j?. ek~B nB[;ko fwEh
ekotkJh s'I fpBK fe;/ ~ th ihtB ns/
ftneshrs ;[szsosk s'I tKfMnK BjhI
ehsk ik ;edk. fJ; soQK ;G d/ ihtB
ns/ nk}kdh dh ;[oZfynk eoBk oki dh
f}zw/tkoh j?. fe;/ th gqFk;fBe ekotkJh
dk ek~Bh fwnko iKuD bJh eufjohnK
dk \?;bk nzfsw \?;bk j?. i/ d[yh
ftnesh Fesh gqtkBs eufjoh ;kjwD/
no}h fdzdk j? sK gqFk;fBe iK ekoiekoh
ekotkJh i' ek~Bh fwnko g{o/ BjhI eodh,
oZd eo fdsh iKdh j?.
fJ; gqfefonk d/ f;ZX/ f;ZN/ ~
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

@ndkbsh feqfonktkd# fejk iKdk j?.

ekoiekoBh dh e[skjh f]bk\ jkJh e'oN
ns/ ;[gohw e'oN ftu tZvh frDsh ftu
iBse bkG dh w[ed
Z w/pk}h dhnK no}hnK
(gh nkJh n?b) g/F ehshnK iKdhnK jB.
fJ; B/ pj[s uzrk ezw ehsk j? go fJ;
B/ iZiK tb'I fJ; ezw ~ fBGkT[D ftu
nkgD/ nzdo Mks wkoB ns/ nkgj[do/ Bk
pDB dh b'V #s/ th }'o fdsk j?. e[Fb
gqFk;B dk fJe j'o gZy fJ; ;ukJh Bkb
th ;zpfz Xs j? fe @ndkbsh f;oiBksfwesk#
ftu uzfrnkJhnK jB go fJ; ~ ekoiekoh
nfXekohnK ]k; s"o s/ }whBh gZXo #s/
ezw eoB tkfbnK d/ jZE BjhI o'e d/D/
ukjhd/ feT[fI e T[j p/Fw[ ko sohe/ BkrfoeK
d/ w/b ftu jB ns/ T[BQK Bkb ftuko
tNKdok eod/ jB.
FesheoB L rohph xNkT[D bJh
FesheoB gj[zu ~ fJ; ;'u #s/ th
nkXkos j'D dh b'V j? fe rohp b'e
ftek; gq'rokwK d/ w[Zd/ ns/ ftek; dh
w[Zy J/iz;h j'Dh ukjhd/ jB. ;kvk siopk
do;kT[d
I k j? fe id'I th rohpK ~ iBse
gq'rokwK Bkb i'fVnk frnk sK T[BQK B/
iBse \zv dk ;{Mp{M ns/ n;dko sohe/
fJ;s/wkb eoB dh ;wMdkoh ns/ w[jkos
fdykJh j?. ;kvk ;zftXkB d' nbZr-nbZr
f;XksK #s/ nkXkos j? fiBQK dk pokposk
d/ doi/ T[`go fBoDkfJe n;o g?d
I k j?.
gfjbk - ;G bJh pokpo d/ w"fenK dk
f;XKs ns/ d{ik f;Zfynk ns/ ;wkfie
fgSV/gB ~ d{o eoBk. ;tkb f;o\ fJj
BjhI j? fe ;oekoh B"eohnK ftu okytKeoB
n;b ftu fezBk ;[Xko eo ;edk j? go
fJj fet/I ;wkfie, f;Zfynk ns/ nkofEe
s"o s/ fgSV/ b'eK ~ ckfJdk d/D bJh
eh eo/.
;oekoh B"eohnK ftu okyt/eI oB bJh
ekfJd/ ek~B pDkT[ D t/ b / rohp
ftfdnkoEhnK bJh e'Jh T[u/uk fXnkB
BjhI ofynk frnk feT[Ife ;zftXkB f;o\

@f;Zfynk ns/ ;wkfie gSV/gB# ~ jh

;oekoh B"eohnK gfjb dk nkXko fwED
bJh wkBsk fdzdk j?.
;[gohw e'oN ~ nkgD/ fJe wjZstg{oB
c?;b/, i' 16H11H1992 ~ ;[DkfJnk (fJzdok
;kjBh ns/ j'o pBkw Gkos ;oeko ns/
j'o) Gkos ;oeko ftu f;ftb g';NK ns/
;/tktK g{osh ftu j'o gSVhnK Fq/DhnK
bJh 27 gfsFs okyt/eI oB ~ ikfJ}
mfjokfJnk ns/ T[BQK ftu'I ;wkfie s"o s/
nrKj tX/ ftneshnK$Fq/DhnK ~ fJ; s'I
nbZr ofynk fiBQK ~ fe nkw s"o s/
@T[gobh ;sj# (eohwh b/no) fejk iKdk
j?. ;[gohw e'oN B/ Gkos ;oeko ~
j'o gSVhnK Fq/DhnK ftu'I eohwh b/no
~ nbZr oZyD bJh ;wkfie-nkofEe
fwnko fwED dk th fBod/F fdsk. fJ;
dk f;ZNk fJj j'fJnk fe ;oeko ftu
T[`u nj[fdnK #s/ p?m/ ftneshnK ns/
nwho fe;kB gfotkoK d/ pZu/ ;/tktK ftu
okyt/eI oB s'I pkjo j' rJ/. jkb jh
ftu, Gkos ;oeko B/ fwfEnk j? fe T[BQK
ftneshnK d/ pZu/ fiBQK dh ;kbkBk nkwdB
2H5 bZy o[gJ/ j?, B"eohnK ftu okyt/eI oB
s'I pkjo ofjDr/.
;zftXkB ftu fJ; uzr/ ekoi dh
gqfefonk nXhB, ;oekoK B/ f;o\ BkrfoeK
d/ ;wkfie ns/ nkofEe s"o s/ gSVhnK
Fq/DhnK ns/ gZNhdoi iksK ns/ gZNhdoi
ephfbnK d/ bkG bJh jh ftF/F gqpzX
BjhI ehs/ rJ/ ;r'I n"osK ns/ pZfunK
bJh th nfijk gqpzX ehsk frnk. fgSb/
;Zm ;kbK ftu fJ; fdFk ftu wjZstg{oB
edw T[mkJ/ rJ/ jB. fJBQK ftu'I fJe
n"osK bJh ;EkBe gqpzXK ftu okytKeoB
eoBk j?. nZi Gkos dhnK brGr gzi
bZy fgzvK dhnK gzukfJsK ftu 33 bZy
b'eK d/ u[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzd/ jB fiBQK ftu'I
fJe bZy n"osK jB. f;ZXhnK u'DK B/
b'eszso dh Fesh ns/ Gkos d/ ;zftXkB
nB[;ko b'eszsfoe fttjko dh b'V pko/
5

fgzvK d/ okFNoh ihtB ftu ikro{esk

fbnKdh j?. n]pkoK ns/ fpibJh whvhnk
B/ fJ; gqfefonk ftu ]k; s"o s/ w}p{sh
fbnKdh j?.
o[}rko L d/F d/ B"itkB tor
bJh ;jh o[}rko g?dk eoBk nZi Gkos
d/ okiBhse noEszso ;kjwD/ fJe ;G
s'I tZvh u[B"sh j?. nZi B"itkB tor ~
nfijh f;Zfynk d/D dh b'V j? i' T[; ~
feZsk-w[yh w[jkos d/t/ ns/ fJzNoB?`N
;w/s j'o seBkb'ih ftu wkjo pDkJ/.
fJ; soQK B"itkB B"eohnK eoB ns/
nkgDk ezw y'bQD d/ ekpb pDBr/. fJ;
d/ Bkb-Bkb, y/shpkVh ftu o[}rko d/
w"e/ g?dk eoB, g/vI { o[}rko }kwBh :'iBk
dk y/so tXkT[D ns/ y/shpkVh ftu
o[}rko d/ w"e/ g?dk eoB, g/vI { o[}rko
}kwBh :'iBk dk y/so tXkT[D ns/ Gkos
fBowkD ns/ j'o b'e GbkJh gq'rokwK d/
bkr{ eoB bJh ftF/F fXnkB d/D dh
b'V j?. fJ;/ soQK fBZih y/so dh Gkrhdkoh
~ T[sFkjs eoBk ns/ ;t?-;/th roZ[gK
ns/ }whBh gZXo d/ ftZsh ;z;EkBK d/
ftek; ftu wdd eoB dh b'V j?.

o[ } rko ns/ y/ s oh n;wkBsk

n;hI nkofEe ftek; d/ T[; w'V
#s/ gj[zu rJ/ jK fiE/ Gkos d/ dZyDh
ns/ gZSwh okiK B/, T[`soh ns/ g{oph
okiK d/ w[ekpb/ nkofEe ns/ f;Zfynk
d/ y/so ftu pj[s nfXe soZeh ehsh
j?. fJ; n;wkBsk ekoB g?dk j'D
tkbh fyZu'skD d/ gZXo dk gsk
Be;btkd d/ c?bkn ns/ d/F fto'Xh
;orowhnK s'I brdk j?. fJj ;Zu
j? fe ;oeko fJ; pko/ pj[s fuzss
j? go T[`so-g{oph okiK ftu gqFk;B
ftu T[`swsk fbnk e/ ns/ tZvh gZXo
#s/ fBt/F eoe/ jh ;[Xko fbnKdk ik
;edk j? ns/ y/soh n;wkBsk d{o
ehsh ik ;edh j?. T[`so-g{oph okiK
6

ftu g/vI { fJbkfenK ftu o[}rko g?dk

eoB dk ezw fJ; ftu pj[s s/}h
fbnk ;edk j?.
;/tktK d/Dk L ;/tktK d/D dh w[Zy
ftF/Fsk fJ; ;zdoG ftu d/yh ikDh
ukjhdh j? fe fJBQK bJh wzr j/mb/ gZXo
s'I T[`go tZb j'Dh ukjhdh j? Bk fe T[go'I
j/mK tZb.
fszB ;z;EkB, fiBQK B/ iBse ;/tktK
d/D d/ ;[Xko ftu w[Zy G{fwek fBGkJh j?,
T[j jB fBnK gqDkbh, whvhnk ns/ f;ftb
;';kfJNh. fBnK gqDkbh dh ;[szsosk i'
;zftXkB d/ YKu/ ftu oyh rJh j?, pj[s
wddrko ;kps j'Jh j?. ekoiekoh
nfXekohnK tb'I ;/tktK d/D ftu n;woE
ofjD s/ fBnKgkfbek B/ n;odko sohe/
Bkb d]bnzdk}h ehsh j?. iBse bkG
bJh w[edZ w/pk}h (gh nkJh n?b) ftneshnK
ns/ |?o ;oekoh ;zrmBK d/ jZEK ftu
fJe FeshFkbh jfEnko pD e/ T[`Goh
j?. n]pko ns/ fpibJh whvhnk pdbkn
bJh dpkn gkT[D dk ;kXB pD e/ T[`Go/
jB. fJ; B/ nkw nkdwh dhnK ykfjFK
~ ;kjwD/ fbnkdk j? fiBQK B/ T[; s'I
pknd ;oekoh nfXekohnK T[g` o ezw eoB
bJh pj[s dpkn gkfJnk. tZy-tZy y/soK
ftu, tksktoB s'I b? e/ ;fGnkuko ns/
f;Zfynk se nfij/ |?o ;oekoh ;z;EkB
yVQ/ j'J/ jB fiBQK B/ iBse w;fbnK ~
brksko T[ikro ehsk j?.
gq F k;fBe itkpd/ j h L Gkosh
gqFk;fBe YKuk e[M BthnK y'iK ns/
sohfenK ns/ pj[sh fYZbh ekor[}koh bJh
wFj{o j?. ;/tktK ~ ftnkge s"o s/
;[XkoB d/ okj ftu ew}'o itkpd/jh
wFhBoh o[ektN j?. gkodoFsk dh xkN
ns/ r[bkwh t/b/ s'I gqFk;fBe gqDkbh ftu
ub/ nk oj/ r[gs fGqFNkuko ~ iBw
d/D d/ Bkb-Bkb nfBnK ns/ gZygks tZb
XZedh j?. w/ok nkgDk siopk j? fe id'I
okiB/sktK B/ T[`u f;ftb nfXekohnK ~

T[BQK se f;ZXh gjz[u fdsh j? sK T[BQK

w[ZfdnK ~ i' okiBhse B/sktK d/ j/mbh
gZXo se gZygksh otZJhJ/ ekoB iK oki
;oeko d/ fto'XkGk; tkb/ ;oe{boK ekoB
r[zMbdko pD rJ/ j'D ~, ;[bMkT[Dk
;zGt j' ;edk j?. bhvofFg tb'I iBse
wdd d/ fJFko/ Bkb f;ftb nfXekohnK
~ okiBhse d]bnzdk}h posoc eo e/
rohpK se gj[zuD ftu ;jkfJsk fwbdh
j? i' jw/Fk ;wki d/ tX/o/ ;kXBK tkb/
ftneshnK iK ro[ZgK d/ fjZsK bJh ezw
eod/ jB. ;zdF/ ;gZFN j? fe id'I th
okiBhse bhvofFg tb'I fJe gqki?eN
vkfJo?eNo iK f}bQk wfi;No/N ~ Y[et/I
s"o s/ Fesh fdsh iKdh j? sK T[j Bk
f;o\ ;/tktK d/D d/ Bt/I sohfenK dh
y'i eodk j? ;r'I ;w/I f;o p/jso ;/tk
fdzdk j?.
;woEk ;EkgBk L fe;/ ;z;EkB d/
jo gZXo #s/ ;woEk ftek; ~ T[`sw ;/tk
d/D ns/ rkjeK dh s;Zbh j'D dh nkw
XkoBk eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j?. ;zxh b'eszso
ftu Fesh d/ fte/d
I oheoB ~ fgzvK ns/
Ffjoh fJbkfenK ftu b'eK d/ ihtB
;[Xko bJh Fesh d/D bJh pj[s }o{oh
j?. ;EkBe gZXo d/ gqFk;B dk FesheoB
ftFtk; irkt/rk ns/ B"eoFkjh s'I pkjo
d/ b'eK ~ th ;wkfie b'VK dh g{osh
bJh nZr/ nkT[D ns/ fpBK fMie iBse
GbkJh ekoi eoB ns/ T[`u nfXekohnK
dh wB}{oh dh b'V th Bk ;wMD bJh
T[sFkfjs eo/rk.
;woEk tXkT[D ftu ;G s'I wjZstg{B
G{fwek bhvofFg dh j?. uzrh bhvofFg
fi; dk T[dF/ ;z;Ekrs ;fGnkuko tXkT[Dk
j't,/ ;woEk tXkT[D dk nN[N nzr j?.
;woEk tXkT[D bJh nk; ehsh iKdh j?
fe nwbk f}zw/tkoh Bkb ezw eo/
ns/ wBukj/ ns/ gfjbK s'I fwE/ Bshi/
fdykt/. fJ; dk noE j? ;KMh e'fFF
fi; ftu fe;/ fJe ftnesh iK ;z;EkB
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

~ T[BQK tb'I ehs/ fe;/ ekoi bJh

itkpd/jh ns/ f}zw/tko mfjokfJnk ik
;e/. ;woEk tXkT[D dk tksktoB fsnko
eoB bJh ;{uBk se gj[zu Gkrhdkoh,
BthI y'i ns/ itkpd/jh }o{oh j?.

e[Fb gqFk;B bJh j'o tZvhnK

u[ B " s hnK
nkw XkoBk j'D d/ ]so/ #s/ th w?I
okiBhsh d/ ngokXheoB ns/ foFtsy'oh
~ e[Fb gqFk;B ;kjwD/ nkT[D tkbhnK
tZvhnK u[B"shnK ;wMdk jK.
okiBhsh dk ngokXheoB L
okiBhse gqfefonk dk ngokXheoB ns/
okiB/sktK, f;ftb nfXekohnK ns/ tgkoe
xokfDnK ftu ngftZso skbw/b iBse
Bhsh fBoXkoB, ns/ e[Fb gqFk;B T[go
wkVk n;o gkT[Idk j?. okiB/sktK bJh
b'eK d/ fdbK ftu'I fJZ}s T[`mdh iKdh j?.
fJj ;Zu j? fe Bk iBsk ns/ Bk
whvhnk fJ; d/ w{e doFe jB. fBnKgkfbek
itkpd/jh dh gqfefonk eJh ftXkfJeK
ns/ wzsohnK ~ i/bQ G/iD ftu ekw:kp
j'Jh j?. go ek~Bh gqfefonk Bkb
S/VSkV eoB bJh Bt/-I Bt/I sohe/ bZG
bJ/ rJ/ jB. g?oth MZb oj/ ngokXh
}wkBs #s/ pkjo nk iKd/ jB ns/ S[ZN
th iKd/ jB. fJj }o{oh j? fe ngokXhnK
~ u'D bVB s'I tKM/ eo fdsk ikt/.
fJ; bJh fJj }o{oh j? fe ohgoi?IN/FB
nkc ghgb n?eN 1951 dh Xkok 8 ftu
fe;/ ftnesh ~ fi; d/ f]bk\ :'r
fBnKgkfbek nEkfoNh B/ ;zrhB i[ow ns/
foFtsy'oh d/ fJb}kw brkJ/ j'D, u'D
bVB d/ n:'r eoko d/D bJh sowhw
ehsh ikt/.
foFtsy'oh L Gkos ftu foFtsy'oh
d/ pj[s/ ubD ~ e[Fb gqFk;B ftu
;[Xko d/ okj ftu fJe tZvk o'Vk ;wfMnk
iKdk j?. fiE/ wB[Zyh bkbu foFtsy'oh ~
T[sFkj fdzdk j? go YKukrs gqo/ e ns/
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

foFtsy'oK ~ ;}k d/D dh xNhnk gqDkbh

B/ th Gkos ftu foFtsy'oh ftu tkXk
ehsk j?. iBse ikro{esk ns/ foFtsy'oh
fto[ZX ezw eo ojhnK J/iz;hnK ~ j'o
FeshnK d/D dk fJe ;'funk ;wfMnk
gqr
' okw ubkT[Dk ukjhdk j?. iBse gqFk;B
ftu ek~BB ;{uBk dk nfXeko fJe
wjZstg{oB ;[Xko j?.
;w[Zuk gfog/y L ;wkfie rmi'V
ftu Xow ns/ ;fGnkuko fJe wjZstg{oB
G{fwek ndk eod/ jB. ;fjD Fesh ns/
nwB-u?B dh Xkofwe gqftosh ns/ pj[gyZ h
;fGnkukoe edoK-ehwsK uzr/ gqFk;B bJh
;jkJh jB. go fco th b'eszso ns/
Xow ftu E'VQk pj[s th foFsk BjhI j?
feT[fI e b'eszso fe;/ ftFtk; ~ BjhI
wzBdk. fJ;/ soQK e'Jh Xkofwe FoXk
b'eszso Bkb w/b BjhI yKdh. Gkosh
b'eszso nk}kdh dh bfjo s'I iBfwnk j?
fi; ftu pj[gZyh edoK-ehwsK ns/ tZytZy XowK ns/ ikshnK d/ fgS'eV tkb/
b'eK ~ pokpo dk doik fwfbnk. fJBQK
edoK-ehwsK dh gqDkbh ~ ;zftXkB }kwBh
fdzdk j?, fBnKgkfbek fJ; ~ wkBsk fdzdh
j? ns/ bhvofFg fJ; ftu ftFtk; oydh
j?.
Gkosh b'eszso e[Fb gqFk;B d/
skD/pkD/ dk e/d
I o j?. fJj w"e/ g?dk
eodk j?, bhvofFg ~ pDk e/ oydk j?
ns/ T[whd irkT[d
I k j?. Gkos dhnK
okFNoh edoK ehwsK ftu tZv/ pdbkn
B/ gqFk;B d/ jo S'N/ tZv/ gfjb{ ns/
f;ftb ;/tk, g[fb; ns/ fBnK gqDkbh dh
;{M-p{M tXkT[D #s/ n;o ehsk. Bt/I
b'eszsfoe siop/ ns/ y/soh s/ ftFth
tksktoB ftu pdbkn B/ okFNoh edoK
ehwsK ftu pdbkt fbnKdk ns/ 1991
s'I F[o{ j' e/ j"bh-j"bh wzvhnK d/
skbw/b ns/ g{zihtkd o;s/ ub fgnk.
fJj ;Zu j? fe g{zihtkd Gkosh okFNo
ftu wB}{o BjhI j?. rZmi'V tkbhnK

;oekoK d/ }wkB/ ftu, e/Idoh ;oeko ~

s/} rsh nkofEe ftek; bJh nkofEe
;[XkoK ~ nZr/ tXkT[D bJh yo/-yo/ sohe/
ngDkT[D/ gJ/. ftd/F Bhsh d/ y/so ftu
th fJj' ;ukJh j?. ;kv/ bJh fJj efjDk
ekch j? fe Gkt/I e[Fb gqFk;B dh rZb
g{oh d[BhnK ftu uZb ojh j? go Gkosh
;zdoG ftu fJ; dh nkgDh fe;w j?.
fJj tX/o/ eoe/ ikfDnk iKdk j? fe
e[Fb gqFk;B f;o\ uzr/ Bhsh fBoXkoeK
T[go fBoGo BjhI eodk ;r'I uzrhnK
BhshnK pDkT[D ns/ T[BQK ~ bkr{ eoB
dh gqfefonk ns/ gqo/ e pj[s wjZstg{oB
jB. ftdtkB g[oF ns/ gqFk;e fJ;
rZb #s/ ;fjws jB fe f;ftb ;';kfJNh
tb'I \?;b/ b?D, iBse y/so dh ;woEk
pDkT[D ns/ fB:w nB[;ko ubD ftu
Fw{bhns ;w/I f;o ns/ T[`sw ;/tktK
d/D bJh pj[s }o{oh jB.
fe;/ th d/F ftu e[Fb gqFk;B dh
XkoBk ns/ ubD wzr eodk j? fe nfij/
T[;ko{ sohe/ ns/ wFhBoh j'Dh ukjhdh j?
i' fszB/ w[Zy nzrK, ;oeko, pk}ko ns/
f;ftb ;';kfJNh tb'I skbw/b ftu ezw
eoB ns/ fJe d{i/ dh ;woEk tXkT[D
ftu ;jkJh j't/. e/Ido ns/ okiK ftu
;oekoK dh ekor[}koh s'I ;gZFN j? fe
nfij/ FeshFkbh ukjtkB ro[Zg ezw eo
oj/ jB fiBQK dh gqDkbh ~ fiT[I dk fsT[I
pDk e/ oyD ftu ;[nkoEh ;'u j?. fJj
;oeko ~ pdbkt dk J/izN pDB ns/
;wkfie fBnK dh }kwBh j'D d/ okj ftu
fJe tZvh o[ektN j?.
pk}ko ;wki dk fJe nfGzB nzr j?
go fJj th ;Zu j? fe pk}ko d/ n;{bK
~ ;wki ns/ gqFk;B ubkT[D dh fJik}s
BjhI fdsh ik ;edh. fJ; bJh e'Jh th
b'eszsfoe ;oeko pk}ko ~ p/brkw ns/
fB:w ek~BK s'I fpBK BjhI SZv ;edh.
rohp fpBK FZe fJfsjk;e n;wkBsktK
ekoB rohp jB go T[j rohp fJ;
7

eoe/ th jB feT[fI e ;oekoK T[BQK tb'I

nkgD/ pDd/ jZe b?D bJh Fesh BjhI d/
;ehnK. b'eszsfoe oki gqpzXB s'I nk;
ehsh iKdh j? fe oki bzp/ ;w/I se f;o\
nwhoK ns/ ;zrfms y/soK dhnK wzrK dh
g{osh jh BjhI eo ;edk ns/ dfbs, xZN
frDshnK ns/ n"osK ~ nZy'I go'y/ BjhI
eo ;edk feT[fI e T[j |?o ;zrfms ns/
rohp jB.
gqFk;B ftu pj[ y/soh gj[zu i'
f;o\ ftek; ns/ ;wkBsk tkbh j't/,
e[Fb gqFk;B ~ jk;b eoB ftu ;jkJh
j' ;edh j?. fJE/ |?o-;oekoh ;zrmB,
;t?-;/th ;zrmB, n"osK d/ ;zrmB, ek~Bh
;jkfJsk ;z;EkB ns/ f;ftb ;';kfJNh d/
j'o nfij/ ekoi fJe wjZstg{oB G{fwek
fBGk ;ed/ jB. fi; soQK ;oeko pk}ko
dk fB:wB eodh j? sK i' T[j ;wki d/
f]bk\ e'Jh ezw Bk eo ;e/, T[;/ soQK
f;ftb ;';kfJNh dh fJj G{fwek j? fe
T[j fBFus eo/ fe ;oeko Bk f;o\
itkpd/jh ns/ b'eK tZb ;ztd
/ BFhb j't/
go fJj ;wkfie fBnK dh }kwBh dh
nkgDh wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGkJ/. ][Ffe;wsh
j? fe e/Idoh ns/ eJh oki ;oekoK
nkofEe YKu/ d/ ;G s'I j/mb/ gZXo #s/
;[oZfynk ikb d/D bJh fdqVQ ;zebg
fdykJh fdzdhnK jB. gofwN b;z; ns/
e'Nk oki d/ yksw/ s'I pknd ;wki dk
wZX tor BthnK nkofEe gfjbK dk ;G
s'I tZX bkG fwbD tkbk tor j?.
T[d:'r wkbeK ftu ;wkfie u/sBk irkT[D
dh b'VhIdh g{osh th tX ojh j?. fJBQK
spdhbhnK dh o\sko s/} eoB dh b'V
;G d/ ;kjwD/ j?.
nzfsek L nk}kdh d/ x'b dhnK
p[fBnkdh edoK-ehwsK s'I jNDk iK T[BQK
dk g{oh soQK BFN j' ikDk rDszso d/
;z;EkBK ns/ ;oeko dh ekor[}koh T[go
n;o eo fojk j?.
n;hI g{zih BthBsk d/ Bt/I i[Zr ftu
8

dkyb j' oj/ jK. fJ; Bkb pj[s ;ko/

b'e tKM/ ofj oj/ jB ns/ pk}ko skesK
e[dosh tksktoB T[go jkth j'D dh
Xweh d/ ojhnK jB. go fJ; ftu
fe;ws jh ;wM' fe jkbks ns/ nkw
ihtB T[go fB:zsoB Bk ofjD dk vo
ns/ tX ojh n;wkBsk, ;oekoh fB:zsoB
~ tkg; fbnk fojk j?. nZstkd dk vo
th ;oekoh szso ~ w}p{s eoB d/
ftuko #s/ }'o fdzdk j?. Gkt/I b;z;gofwN oki dh tkg;h ;dk bJh Bkw[wfeB
j? feT[fI e n;hI j[D tX/o/ ftFt wzvh Bkb
i[V/ jK. e[Fb gqFk;B i' b'e nkgD/
ihtB ;[Xko bJh ukj[zd/ jB, tX/o/ gZyK s'I
;oekoh ;orowhnK ns/ gj[uz Bkb i[fVnk
j?.
b'eszso dk fwnko ns/ f;ftb
;/tktK ns/ fBnK gqDkbh d'jK ftu iBse
eowukohnK dh e[Fbsk ns/ tuBpZXsk
w[Zy y/soK - FesheoB, o[}rko ns/
;/tktK dk e[Fb ftsoD nkfd ftu d/F
dh ekor[}koh ~ do;kJ/rk. rKXh-Bfjo{
s'I pknd d/ i[Zr ftu f;ftb ;';kfJNh
dh Gkrhdkoh pj[s wjZstg{oB j' rJh
j?. ;w[Zu/ ftek; bJh f;ftb ro[Zg
fit/I fe |?o ;oekoh ;zrmB, n"osK d/
;zrmB, w}d{o iE/pd
z hnK, ;fjekoh ;GktK,
frbv ns/ Xkofwe ;zrmB pj[s }o{oh
j' rJ/ jB. b'eK dh GkJhtkbh, T[BQK dh
nktk}, T[BQK dh Gkrhdkoh ns/ fjZ;/dkoh
s'I fpBK e'Jh th gq'rokw f;o\ wFhBh
sohe/ bkr{ ehsk ik ;edk j?. nZi ;k~,
]k; s"o s/ d' y/soK n"osK ns/ o'}h-o'Nh
d/ y/so ftu BthBsk bZGD tkfbnK dh
b'V j?.
e[Fb gqFk;B bJh n"osK w[Zy X[oh
jB. T[BQK dh rDszsfoe ;z;EkBK ftu
fjZ;/dkoh B/ Gkosh okiBhsh ftu ;fEosk
fbnKdh j?. n"osK ;[uko{, f;oiDkswe
ns/ gkfJdko jZb bZG ;edhnK jB.
nkofEe gqr
' okwK ftu n"osK dh Gkrhdkoh

~ tXkT[D dh b'V j? feT[fI e n"osK ftu

tos'I :'r ;/tk d/D tkb/, f;Zfynk d/D
tkb/, d/yGkb eoB tkb/ ns/ bhvo
fwbd/ jB. o[}rko f;o\ c?eNoh ftu
B"eoh dk Bkw BjhI j?. fJ; dk ;zpzX
;wkfie noEszso ns/ ;EkBe ;o'sK
Bkb th j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; dk noE
ukb{ ns/ gozgokrs w[jkosK i' nk}kdh
;w/I s'I i' b'eK ftu fit/I fe y/shpkVh
ftu, gF{ gkbD, wZSh gkbD ns/ eZgVk
T[d:'r nkfd ftu gkJhnK iKdhnK jB,
ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[Dk j?. nfijhnK w[jkosK
ftu ;[Xko e[dos Bkb ;ktK foFsk
pDkT[d
I hnK jB.
Gkos ftu ;dhnK g[okDhnK ;wkfie
ns/ nkofEe n;wkBsktK ~ fXnkB ftu
oyd/ j'J/, Gkos nZyK whu e/ ftek; d/
g{zihtkdh sohe/ ~ BjhI ngDk ;edk fi;
ftu pk}ko skesK T[go tX/o/ Go';k
oZfynk iKdk j?. nfijk wkvb Gkosh
e[Fb gqFk;B ~ ;fEosk d/D ftu ekw:kp
BjhI j' ;e/rk. go fco th s/} rsh
nkofEe ftek; Gkosh B"itkBK dhnK nk;K
dh g{osh bJh }o{oh j?. fJBQK jkbsK d/
ubd/, BthBsk bZGD tkfbnK ~ nfijk
o;sk ngDkT[Dk gt/rk i' s/} ftek;
rsh ns/ b'eszsfoe w[jko pDk e/ oy/.
fiE'I se ;/tktK dk ;tkb j?, w?~ fuzsk
j? fe d/F dhnK w[Zy ;/tktK, fit/I fe
Gkosh gqFk;fBe ;/tk (nkJh J/ n?;) ns/
Gkosh g[fb; ;/tk (nkJh gh n?;) i' f;ZX/
gqFk;B ;w/s oki gqpzXB dh gqDkbh ftu
fJe wjZstg{oB :'rdkB fdzdhnK jB,
fi; ftu f}bQk gqFk;B th Fkfwb j?,
s/}h Bkb nkw nkdwh dk ftFtk; r[nk
ojhnK jB. fJj f;o\ ;oeko bJh jh
BjhI ;r'I ;/tktK bJh th ;'uD tkbh rZb
j? feT[Ife f;ftb ;/tk ns/ nkw nkdwh
ftueko ftFtk; dh xkN ekoB e[ZM th
jk;b BjhI ehsk ik ;edk. ][Ffe;wsh
pkeh ;\k 13 T[`s/

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

e[Fb gqFk;B

gqFk;B ns/ ftek;

:'frzdo e/H nbr

G{

;k~ ek~B d/ oki ns/

;zxh fe;w d/ ;zftXkB
nXhB ;hws ;oeko d/
;zebg d/ wjZst ~ ;wMD
dh b'V j?. ;zftXkB d/
gqkeEB, w"fbe jZeK, w"fbe
f}z w / t kohnK ns/ fBod/ F e
f;XKsK d/ o{g ftu fbyhnK
rJhnK ;z f tXkBe edoK
ehwsK ~ gqpzX dk fjZ;k
pDBk gt/ r k. fJe
gq F k;Be jfEnko ti' I
;zftXkB ftub/ gqktXkB ns/
ndkbsK tb'I fJBQK dh
ftnkfynk ;ko/ ;oekoh nwbK
bJh wkor doFe jB.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

fwek
nk}kdh bfjo ns/ nk}kdh s'I pknd
d' djkfenK ftu @T[`u nkd/FK#, @;zsK
torh p'bh#, @;Zfsnkrqfj d;s{oK ns/
nkdoFe T[dF/ K dk frZfMnk Gkos ;KMhnK
;oekoK ns/ fte/dI fos ;z;EktK d/ fefonkFhb
ekoiekoh gZyK Bkb f;ZMD d/ :'r BjhI j'
gk fojk. fiE'I se w{b ;o'eko dk ;zpzX
j?, eJh bkitkp ;tkb jB ns/ p/uB? h
dk wkj"b g;fonk j'fJnk j? L
fit/I-fit/I ;oeko f;ZXh ;g[odrh
tb'I jZE fyZu/rh, gqFk;B ~ nkofEe s/
;wkfie y/soK bJh fB:zsoe YKuk ;Ekgs
eoB dh b'V gt/rhl Bkb jh f;ftb
;';kfJNh dhnK fte/d
I fos, ;EkBe ;oekoh
;z;EktK, ;fjekoh, |?o ;oekoh ;z;EktK
ns/ j'o nfijhnK fwbhnK i[bhnK ;z;EktK
bJh ;z;Ekswe YKuk, gq/oe ns/ fBoT[sFkjs eoB d/ gqpzX ns/ ftZsh YKu/
yVQ/ eoB dh b'V gt/rh.
Bk-BftnkT[D :'r ;o's E[VK j'o
rzGho j'DrhnK - ]k; eoe/ gkDh, uzrh
}whB, T{oik tor/ ;o'sK dhnK ns/
dhoxekbh fuzsktK j'o fsZyhnK j'DrhnK.
;KM/ \?;b/ b?D tk;s/ fBZih ns/
;w{jK d/ jZeK T[s/ f}nkdk }'o j't/rk i'
f}nkdk fBogZysk ns/ ;oekoh Fesh
tos'I T[`s/ f}nkdk ;t?}ps dh wzr
eoBr/. fJ; d/ Bkb jh ;zpzfXs j'DrhnK
f}nkdk gkodofFsk ns/ ;{uBk bJh nfXeko
dhnK wzrK.

ew}'o iwksK dh ;[oZfynk dh

wzr j't/rh Gkt/I tzfusk fJfsjk;e ekoBK
eoe/ j't/ iK wzvh ;ZfGnkuko dh ghVk
ekoB. wB[Zyh jZeK, ]k; eoe/ ftF/F
torK fit/I n"osK, pZfunK, xZN frDshnK,
nkfdtk;hnK, wkBf;e ns/ ;ohoe o{g
ftu ftebKrK gqfs fuzsktK th j'DrhnK.
;'utkB ;w{j nkofEe, ;wkfie
ns/ okiBhse dtzd s'I g?dk j'JhnK
fuzsktK ns/ Bshi/ ti'I g?dk j'J/ sDktK ~
j'o shpo j[zd/ wfj;{; eoBr/ ns/ Bkb
jh T{oik, y[oke ns/ gkDh ;[oZfynk d/
w[Yb/ w[ZfdnK ns/ fJBQK ~ ;[MkT[D d/
;z;Ekswe gfog/y th fXnkB wzrDr/.
fiE'I se fB:zsoe ;z;EktK dk ;zpzX
j? T[; T[s/ fJe ;w{j tb',I fi; d/ B/sk
gqFk;fBe ekbi d/ fgq;hgb ;B, fsZyk
tko j' u[Zek j?. T[`sw fB:zsoeK ftu'I
fJe vkH n?; n?b okT[ B/ Jh nko nkJh
g/go ftu fJBQK ;z;EktK d/ ;w[Zu/ YKu/
ns/ nwbk-c?bkT[D pko/ gqFB uZfenk j?.
;oekoh ezweki ftu ;G s'I xNhnk
fe;w d/ dpkn fB:[eshnK ftu jh g?d
I /
jB. T{oik wzsoh j[zfdnK nkgD/ ;eZso,
fi; B/ pknd ftu ;w/I s'I gfjbK nkJh
J/ n?; s'I ;/tk-w[esh bJh ;h ns/ J/
n?; ;h nkJh dk fgqz;hgb pD frnk ;h,
Bkb w?I :'iBk nk:'r d/ w?pI o n?w n?B
;qhfBtk;B, i' gqwkD{ T{oik efwFB dk B'
B"B;?;I ;kpek u/now?B ;h, ~ Fesh
(fpibh y/so) ftu ;hBhno fB:[eshnK
9

bJh wzsoh dh f;\koFh ew/Nh dk

u/now?B brk fdsk ;h. fB:[eshnK bJh
fJj gkodoFh gqfefonk ekch nzsowzEB
s'I pknd nr;s 1993 ftu ;z;d ftu
gk; ehs/ rJ/ ;h Jh nko ;h n?eN ftu
Fkfwb eo bJh rJh ;h. fB:zsoB dk
gqpzXB ;gZFN o{g ftu T[`usw wjZst dk
w[Zdk j? fi; pko/ y[ZbQ e/ gkodoFh Yzr
Bkb uouk dh b'V j?.

}whB ns/ gkDh

fte/IdoheoB d/ w[Zd/ tZyoh soQK d/
jB. i' b'e ;EkBe ns/ ftFth fuzsktK
bJh nkg e[ZM eoBk ukj[zd/ jB, T[BQK dh
wdd eoBk jw/Fk ;oeko dh gfjb j'Dh
ukjhdh j?. fit/I 12thI :'iBk dh fsnkoh
;w/I gsk bZrk, NhfunK dh s[bBk ftu
}whB ns/ gkDh d/ nzso ;zpzfXs y/soK
ftu gqkgshnK fes/ fgZS/ ofj rJhnK ;B.
fJjh ;wZf;nk ykX ;[oZfynk, o[}rko ns/
T{oik pj[bsk d/ w{b ftu th j?. (d/y'
tkJh e/ nbr, 2012).
;wZf;nktK bJh e[M jZd se fJj
rZb th f}zw/tko j? fe w"i{dk ek~Bh ns/
gqFk;fBe gqDkbhnK ns/ ftZsh fB:w ;oekoh
ns/ fBZih ekog'o/N y/so ftu o;wh
;z;EktK bJh pDkJ/ rJ/ jB. fwbh-i[bh
fe;w dhnK BthnK ;z;EktK fit/,I ;fjekoh
ns/ |?o ;oekoh ;z;EktK ns/ ;oekoK,
ns/ fBrw nkfd ~ nkgD/ bJh pokpoh
d/ w"e/ BjhI fwbd/. T[dkjoD bJh, fJe
nkN' ftu ik fojk nB[dkB gqkgs fpibh
f;;Nw fJe BftnkT[D:'r ;w{j ~ ehws
s'I xZN eo e/ wzvh ftu'I pkjo XZe ;edk
j?. fuo;EkJh ;wZf;nk T[j ;[Xko j? fe
;Ekgs ;w{jK ~ fdshnK ik ojhnK
;pf;vhnK ns/ ;[oZfynk tkg; b? bJh
ikt/. jo ;w{j ~ fJe' fijh ;[oZfynk
fwbDh ukjhdh j?. fJj ;[Xko b'e-nfgq:
j[zd/ jB. ezgBh n?eN ftu g?dktkoh
ezgBhnK dk ek~B ftukoXkoe nkXko #s/
fJj efj e/ T[bN-g[bN ehsk ik fojk j?
10

fe fJj fBrwh y/so BjhI j?.

nfij/ ftek; bJh gq's;kjB s/
gq's;kjjhD gqpzXB tZy-tZy gZXoK T[s/
Bhsh fBoXkoB d/ g{oe Bhsh fB:wK d/
torheoB s'I nkozG j'D/ ukjhd/ jB
feT[fI e fe;/ th gZXo #s/ g?dk j'D tkb/
;o'sK s'I tZX you BjhI j' ;edk. go
;o'sK i' okFNoh iK nzsookFNoh gZXo #s/
xZN jB, ;EkBe gZXo #s/ tZX buedko
j[zd/ jB. go T[gob/ gZXoK #s/ T[BQK ~
i[NkT[D bJh Bhshrs pdbkn dh b'V
j[zdh j?. T[dkjoD bJh, fBT{:koe dhnK
f;ftb ;z;EktK d/ eo cqh pKv yohdDk
;"yk j? go ftek;Fhb d/FK d/ ;EkBe
fJekJhnK d/ pKvK d/ wzvheoB tZb ns/
T[; s'I gfjbK j'D tkb/ ftZsh ;[XkoK tZb
pj[s xZN fXnkB fdsk frnk j?.
nfjwdkpkd ekog'oF/ B tb'I fpBK gqG[sk
}kwBhnK d/ tZv/ pKv ikoh eoB dh
ftF/F e'fFF fJe e/; ;NZvh ti'I d/yh ik
;edh j?. fJj w[Zd/ wjZstg{oB jB
feT[fI e oki e'b j'o g?;k T[gbpX BjhI
j?. 12thI :'iBk s'I gsk brdk j? fe
f}nkdkso wjZstg{oB okiK ftu e[Zb
xo/b{ T[sgkdB dh s[bBk ftu ftZsh
xkNk ikoh ofjD :'r xkN/ s'I fes/ tZX
j?. fijV/ okiK s'I fw;kb dh nk; ;h
T[j \}{b youh ftu ;G s'I nZr/ jB s/
fJj 11thI :'iBk ftu p[fBnkdh YKukrs
yofunK ftu eN"sh d/ pkti{d j?. ;[Xko
fpbe[b th J/izv/ #s/ BjhI jB ns/ T[;
pko/ ;'uDk th ;[gB/ d/yD tKr jh j?.
;oekoh yofunK dh jkbs fBoFkiBe j?
ns/ ;EkBe ;z;EktK ~ j'd
I ofjs ;z;kXBK
dh ;g[odrh dh rZb eoBk nftjkoe j?.
e'Jh th eo}k g[Bo fBoXkoB Bhsh
;EkBe ftZs dh g[Bo ;EkgBk Bkb i'Vh
ikDh ukjhdh j?. fgSb/ fszB piNK ftubhnK
;EkBe J/iz;hnK dh ;jkfJsk bJh pDhnK,
}whB, gkDh ns/ Ffjoh ftek; dhnK,
uzrhnK ;ehwK ~ ;EkBe gqFk;Be YKu/

ns/ ftZs Bkb i'VBk ukjhdk j?. fJ;

ftu g?;/ dhnK tZvhnK oewK Fkfwb jB.
j[D nzsookFNoh ;z;EktK th ;EkfBe
;ehwK bJh eo}k fdzdhnK jB. ;k~
ftFtftnkgh BthnK BhshnK pko/ ikDBk
ukjhdk j? s/ T[BQK ~ ;EkBe ftZs Bkb
rzYDk ukjhdk j?. T[dkjoD bJh, fJj
}o{oh j? fe gfo:'iBktK dk w[ZbzeD eod/
j'J/ tZy-tZy gZXoK #s/ gqFk;fBe ekor[}koh
ns/ ekoikswesk dh gqGktFhbsk ~ fXnkB
ftu oZfynk ikJ/. ftnkge gkDh ns/
}whB nkXkos rohph ykswk ;ehwK dh
ftek; gqfefonk d/ ;cb j'D bJh ;[Xko
fefonktK ekch v{zxhnK j'DhnK ukjhdhnK
jB. ;G e[ZM gqFk;fBe ns/ ek~Bh
gqfefonktK #s/ nkXkos j'Dk ukjhdk j?.
Gkosh noEftt;Ek s/}h Bkb ftek;
eo ojh j? ns/ fJ; ftu tzB-;[tzBsk th
nk ojh j?. T[dkjoD bJh, feosh Fq/Dh
ftu j[D y/sh w}d{o f;o\ 53 gqfsFs
ofj rJ/ jB. FfjoheoB ~ th ftnkge
fte/IdoheoB nkXko #s/ YKukrs eoBk
gt/rk. fJj ;G gfotosB, T{oik, e{Vk
fpb/ bkT[D ns/ Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh bJh
tZy-tZy u[Bs" hnK g/F eoBr/. fJj B'N
eoB tkbh rZb j? fe Gkos ftu
FfjoheoB dk Bw{Bk fte/d
I fos jh j?.
id fe pj[s S'NhnK Ffjoh p;shnK BjhI
tX ojhnK, ebk;-1 FfjoK ftu S'N/
e;fpnK dk tZvk fjZ;k j? (100,000O).
FfjoheoB ~ fte/d
I oh ns/ e/d
I ow[yh
d't/I soQK dhnK skesK dk Bshik wzfBnk
frnk j?. id fe 80ftnK ftu Ffjoh
ftek; do 3H8 gqfsFs s'I xN e/ 3H12
ofj rJh ;h, ebk;-1 FfjoK dh do tX
rJh ;h (6H39 gqfsFs s'I 8H39 gqfsFs).
FzektkdhnK d/ pkti{d fJj o[MkB ikoh
j?. fJ; B/ fgSbh wodwF[wkoh ftu wodwF[wkoh Ffjoh ~ fdqFNwkB ehsk j?.
soihjh wkvb FfjoeoB dh T[;
F?bh d/ nB[e{b j? fi; ftu p;shnK d/
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

M[zv tZv/ ;w{jK d/ nkb/-d[nkb/ t; iKd/

jB. Bhsh f;o\ g/vI { T[sgkdB ns/
o[}rko #s/ jh e/d
I os BjhI j'Dh ukjhdh.
n;b ftu, Gkos torh rshFhb noEftt;Ek ftu fgzvK ns/ S'NhnK Ffjoh
p;shnK ftu G/d T[sgkfdesk fto'Xh j'
;edk j? ns/ eJh soQK d/ ;oekoheoB
ftrkV g?dk eo ;edk j?. Bhsh ~
ftfGzBskFhb y/sh nkXkoK ns/ ftek;
e/d
I oK d/ d[nkb/ ][Fjkbh d/ ;we/d
I oh
jbfenK tZb e/Idfos eoBk f}nkdk
bkj/tzd j'tr
/ k. Gkos ftu nfijhnK
;zGktBktK ekch ns/ jeheh jB. gfotfjB,
}whB dh tos'I, p[fBnkdh YKuk ns/
seBkb'ih ft;sko BhshnK fJ; T[d/F
nB[;ko xVhnK ik ;edhnK jB. S'N/
ebk;-1 FfjoK ftu M[r
Z h-MgVhnK ftubh
iB;zfynk d; bZy s'I tZX d/ FfjoK d/
w[ekpb/ 25 s'I 40 gqfsFs xZN j?.
s/} ns/ fte/d
I fos Ffjoh ftek;
ftu Fkfwb ;oekoh gqpzXeh w[Zd/ fJzB/
;gZFN jB fe T[BKQ dh ftnkfynk dh b'V
BjhI j?. seBkb'ih pko/ ikDekoh, gqDkbhnK
d/ nkg;h ;zpzX, fte/Idos :'iBkpzdh d/
c'e;, ;t?-fBoGo ;z;EktK i' T[sgkfdesk
eo} b? ;eD ns/ :'iBk pDk e/ ubk
;eD, fJ; ;G dh uouk j' u[Zeh j? go
F[o{nks pj[s E'VQh j?. nrb/ gVkn #s/
u[B"shnK j'o th tZvhnK j'DrhnK. ;o's
fJeZso eoB ns/ T[BQK dh T[g:'rh tos'I
ftuko-tNKdo/ d/ e/d
I o ftu oj/rh. w/o/
tor/ ftdtkB tb'I d; ;kb gfjbK
fJFkok eo d/D d/ pkti{d ;?I;; NkT{B
~ Bhsh fBoXkoB ftu Fkfwb Bk eoB
torhnK Bhshrs n;cbsktK nfijh
;wZf;nk tZb fJFkok jB. (tkJh e/
nbr 2011)
okFNoh ;[oZfynk ns/ bzp/ ;w/I d/
j'o NhfunK bJh w"i{dk @b'VhIdh seBheh
;t?-fBoGosk## FkfJd gfjbK tKr jh
fwFB w'v ftu ikoh oj/rh. T[dkjoD
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

bJh, fJj f;ZX j' u[Zek j? fe ;[go

ezfgT{No d/ ftek; B/ Gkos tZb ;[go
ezfgT{No dh pokwd T[s/ o'eK jNkT[D dk
okj gZXok eo fdsk ;h. gqwkD{ T{oik
efwFB d/ u/now?B B/ th fejk j? fe
Gkos T[`s/ pzdFK B/ ;k~ gqwkD{ seBkb'ih
ftu ;t?-fBoGo eo fdsk ;h. fJ; bJh
nto'Xe seBheh T[gbpXsk d/ i[Zr ftu
e[M fwFB nkXkos e'fFFK }o{oh jB
feT[Ife Gkos e'b :{o/Bhnw d/ Gzvko
;hws jB go E'ohnw d/ Gzvko ekch
jB, ck;N phovo fon?eNo fBT{ebhno
gkto ;N/FB tork gqki?eN fJ; dh dhoxekbh T{oik ;wkXkB bJh pj[s wjZstg{oB
pD frnk. E'ohnw #s/ nkXkos, gqwkD{
pkbD uZeo g{ok eoB tZb fJj fJe tZvk
edw ;h i' s[bBkswe o{g ftu ;;sk th
;h s/ fpibh dk Gog{o ;o's th.
fJj efjDk fe BthnK seBheK,
fijVhnK ftZsh ns/ n;bh bkrs ~
xNkT[d
I hnK jB, T[gG'rsk T[g:'rh ns/
dhoxekbh T[sgkd g/F eodhnK jB ns/
w[ekpb/pk}h ftu wdd eodhnK jB,
bkr{ eoB bJh BhshnK pD u[ZehnK jB
b'V s'I tZX nkFktkdh j'Dk j'tr
/ k. F[on
{ ks
sK j' u[Zeh j? go ni/ pj[s e[M eoBk
pkeh j?. n;EkJh ftZsh ns/ nkofEe
s;Zbh, fi; Bkb bkrs xNkT[D tkbhnK
seBheK ns/ Bt/-I Bt/I T[sgkdK bJh bkG
dh do tX/, bJh j'o ;jko/ dh b'V j?.
fwnko fB;us eoB, r[DtZsk :ehBh
pDkT[D ns/ ;z;Ekswe ;[Xko, fi; Bkb
fJj ;G ;zGt j' ;e/, th j'o tX/o/ gZXo
#s/ b'VhId/ jB. fJ; d/ Bkb jh ukjhdk
j? nfijk szso i' wzvh d/ Bkb J/eheoB
dh gqfefonk ns/ ftZsh ;j{bsK ~ s/}h
gqdkB eo ;e/. ftfrnkB nwb/ ~ fJj
w[Zd/ rzGhosk Bkb ftukoB/ ukjhd/ jB.
;{uBk ns/ ;k\Nt/no y/soK ftu ;cbsktK
dk ;k~ gsk j? L ;kbkBk pokwd ftek;
60 gqfsFs - wzdh d/ ;kbK ftu th 25

gqfsFs ojh j?. go nfijh gqDkbh d/

gq;ko ns/ d[jokn bJh ;kv/ ;zrmB,
B?N` tofezr, ;woEB, gqs' ;kjB ns/ T[sFkj
jhD gqpzXB ftu tZvhnK ew}'ohnK jB.
e'ohnB fJz;NhfuT{N nk\ ;kfJz; n?Iv
N?eBkb'ih fty/ dZyDh e'ohnk e'b gq;ko
bJh pj[s jh T[gG'rsk gZyh seBheh
B?`Ntoe f;;Nw w"i{d jB. seBheK,
ftZs g'FD ftXhnK, T[`sw nkuko e/;, eo
ns/ j'o f;;Nw ;jkfonK pko/ ikDekoh
wkT{; d/ efbZe eoB #s/ jh T[gbpX j'
iKdh j?. Gkos ftu ;kv/ y'i s/ ftek;
nzefVnK ftu S'NhnK cowK d/ gZXo #s/
ehs/ rJ/ fBt/F Fkfwb jB. fJfsjk;
ftu w?I FkfJd fJeb"sk wzsoh j'tKrk fi;
B/ fJe o;kb/ d/ g/go ftu dZf;nk fe
T[; d/ wzsokbk tb'I y'i s/ ftek; pko/
fds/ rJ/ nzeV/ rbs jB. Gkos ftu
y'i s/ ftek; nzeV/ f;o\ T[BQK cowK d/
jB fijVhnK ftfrnkB ns/ seBkb'ih
wzsokbk e'b doi jB. ;zrfms y/so
bJh ftfrnkB s/ seBkb'ih you/ e[Zb
ftZeoh dk v/Y gqfsFs ;B, fJe gqfsFs
s'I xZN BjhI. i/ ;wkb ;e/b ;?eNo ~
Fkfwb eo fbnk ikt/ sK fJj j'o th
f}nkdk, d' gqfsFs ;B.
fJj jehes fe S'N/ g?wkB/ d/ y/so
d/ y'i ns/ ftek; pko/ ;jh nB[wkB jh
T[gbpX BjhI jB, nkgD/ nkg ftu fuzsk
dk ftFk j?. feT[fI e fJ; y/so Bkb
B?`Ntofezr :ehBB T[d:'fre seBkb'ih
Bhsh dh tZvh fuzsk j'Dh ukjhdh j?.
S'NhnK ;ZBnsK dk pokwd ftu tZvk
fjZ;k j?. wzvh d/ dpktK gqfs fJ; y/so
dh gqfsfefonk bkrs ftu eN"sh ns/
T[sgkd ekY d/ o{g ftu buedko j[zdh
j?. (nbr, tkJhHe/H, 1998)
B?`Ntofezr ns/ w}p{sh gqdkB eoB
tkbhnK gqDkbhnK dh nDj'Id s'I fJbktk
Bhsh fBoXkoB ftu th j?okBe[B ftokw
j?. 1997 d/ piN ftu seBkb'ih ftek;
11

p'ov bJh 3000 fwbhnB o[gJ/ oZy/ rJ/

ns/ fjzd[;skB bhto d/ ;kpek u/now?B
ns/ bhto} fJzNoB?FBb p'ov d/ w?pI o
vkH nF'e rKr[bh B/ fJ; p'ov dk w?Ipo
pDBk th wzB fbnk ;h. fJ; ftu fJe
gqfsFms ftfrnkBe, fJe y/shpkVh
ftF/Fr ns/ fJe noEFkFsoh th Fkfwb
;B. p'ov fBZih y/so ~ ;KM/ fBt/F ns/
Gkrhdkoh bJh \zv w[jZJhnk eodk j?
fiBQK dk noEftt;Ek T[s/ ftnkge n;o
j'D dh nk; ;h. p'ov ezw sK eo fojk
j? go T[; dk nfXeko y/so pdb fdsk
frnk j?. nkgDhnK tZvhnK ftfrnkBe
;z;EktK ftu nfij/ buedko B?`Ntoe ~
bkr{ eoBk ;k~ w[Ffeb brdk j?.
gqFk;fBe gqDkbhnK gfotosB bJh
wjZstg{oB :'iBk f;oie ns/ ;jkfJsk
d/D tkb/ dh G{fwek fBGkT[DrhnK. fJj
r[zMbdko w[Zd/ jB fiBQK dk uzr/ gqFk;B
Bkb w}p{s ;zpzX j?. fpibh y/so d/
nB[Gt ~ fJe T[dkjoD ti'I b? bt'.
fgSbh ;dh d/ BZp/ftnK ftu fBZih y/so
d/ fBt/F ~ gqtkBrh d/ fdsh rJh ;h,
go ;z;Ekrs g{ot gqfspzX bkr{ BjhI
;B. id'I fpibh fB:zsoe nk:'r Jh
nko ;h fpb dk gfjbk yoVk fsnko
ehsk frnk, fJj ;z;d ftu g/F Bk ehsk
ik ;fenk. nkyo 1997 ftu id'I g/F
ehsk frnk sK fJ; dh fwnkd g[Zr
rJh. fco ;oeko B/ fJe nkovhB?I;
ikoh ehsk go id'I fpb g/F j'fJnk sK
fJ; ftu w"fbe ;'XK ehshnK ik u[ZehnK
;B fiBQK ftu y/sh y/so bJh xZN s'I
xZN }o{oh eo doK ns/ oki gZXoh Jh
nko ;h n?; dhnK bk}wh FeshnK pko/
gqktXkB jNk fds/ rJ/ ;B. fpibh dk
NoKfwFB ftu fBZih Gkrhdkoh d/ ek~B
~ ;z;d dh ;N?Ifvzr ew/Nh B/ ekch pfj;
d/ pknd 1997 ftu nzfsw o{g d/ fdsk
;h fi; s'I pknd fJj ;z;d ftu pj[gkoNh fjwkfJs Bkb gk; j' frnk.
12

T{oik e[Fbsk fpb yoVk o{g ftu 1996

s'I ftukfonk ik fojk ;h go gqrsh pj[s
;[;s ojh. nkyo ;k~ fpibh fpb fwb
frnk. fJ; d"okB, fit/I fe frnkoQthI
:'iBk ftu dZf;nk frnk, ek~B fBowkD
ns/ ;z;EktK dh ;EkgBk ftu ;[;s
gqrsh ekoB g?dktko, NoK;fwFB ns/
tzv d/ fBt/F ftu rzGho o[ektNK nkJhnK.
fBZih y/so d/ fBt/F dh nk; ftu ;oekoh
fBt/F xNk fdsk frnk ns/ ;oekoh y/so
ftu pj[s xZN tZv/ gqki?eN F[o{ ehs/
rJ/. go fBZih y/so dk fBt/F eJh
o[ektNK ns/ r[zMbdko \?;bk gqfefonktK
ekoB pVk ;[;s fojk fi; ekoB fJ;
Bk}[e p[fBnkdh YKu/ ~ rzGho ;wZf;nktK
dk ;kjwDk eoBk fgnk ns/ ;wZf;nktK
ni/ th jB. fJe sk}k :'iBk d;skt/}
ftu fejk frnk j? fe fpibh tzv ftu
e'Jh f;ZXk ftd/Fh fBt/F BjhI j'fJnk fpBK
fJj ikD/ fe wzsoh j[zfdnK j'fJnK w?I
600 eo'V s'I tZX dk fBt/F fpqfNF
eoBkNek w?r
I b'o n?; Nh gh fv;fNqeFB
gqki?eN bJh wB}{o ns/ bkr{ ehsk ;h.

N?eBkb"ih vokJhtoK ~ B"eohnK

bJh tosDk L iBse ;woEB
gq D kbh
fgSb/ v/Y djke/ ftu j'Jh rzGho
y'i B/ ekch jZd se fBoDkfJe o{g ftu
dZ; fdsk j? fe BthI seBkb'ih ftu i'
n;kXkoB w"e/ jB T[BKQ bJh nfij/ ;w{jK
ns/ gqDkbhnK dh b'V j? i' fJ; Bkb
fBgN ;eD feT[fI e gq:r
' (i?fte seBkb'ih,
;zuko ns/ ezfgT{NoheoB tor/ y/soK
ftu ;KM/ jB. i/ g{ot FosK bkr{ jB,
noEftt;Ek ns/ ;wki ftu fJj pVh
s/}h Bkb \?bd/ jB - y/soK ns/ fyZfsnK
d'jK ftueko . go i/ G"fse ns/ wB[Zyh
p[fBnkdh YKuk EK f;o BjhI j? sK,
fte;s d/FK ;w/s, tZv/ fyZs/ ofj
ikDr/. c"oh gqfsfefonk dh th b'V j?.
pkoQthI :'iBk d/ J/ gh ckowo gqpzX nXhB

f;zikJh gqpzX ns/ gkto ;[Xko tzv gqpzX

T[dkjoDK jB go fJj ekch BjhI jB.

jZe, ew}'o ;w{j ns/ gkodofFsk

fJZehthI ;dh ftu i' s/} o\sko
gfotosB d/F ns/ ;z;ko ftu j'Dr/
T[BQK ~ d/yd/ j'J/ ;gZFN j? fe T[`u
f;ftb ;/tktK ~ rohpK, dp/ e[ufbnK,
ew}'o ns/ xZN ;j{bs gqkgs ;w{jK d/
oZfyne ti'I nZr/ nkT[Dk gt/rk. i'
b'eszsoh fJZSktK ns/ nk;K ;zftXkB ns/
ek~B ftu Fkfwb jB T[BQK ~ fBogZy
ns/ gkodoFh sohe/ Bkb nwbh o{g ftu
g{ok ehsk ikDk }o{oh j't/rk - rohpK dh
okyh eoe/ ns/ oki ;Zsk dh dwBekoh
Fesh ~ ekp{ ftu oZy e/. fit/I-fit/I wzvh
noEftt;Ek c?bdh j?, ;[ofZ ynk ikb fte;s
ns/ bkr{ ehs/ ikD dh b'V gt/rh.
rohp n"osK, bVehnK, xZN frDshnK,
nkfdtk;h ns/ dfbs, ftebKr ns/
;kXBjhD, ;G ~ ftF/F fXnkB dh b'V
gt/rh. oki;Zsk dh nVhnb ns/ dwBekoh
tos'I dhnK sk}k T[dkjoDK d[ydkfJe
jB.

;zftXkBe ns/ ek~Bh gfjb{ wB[Zyh jZe ns/ tksktoB ;zpzXh

ek~B
;oekoh gqFk;B d/ ;zftXkBe ns/
ek~Bh gZy ;oeko dhnK FeshnK, ekoi
ns/ itkpd/jh fBoXkos eodhnK jB.
Gkosh Ffjoh ;/tktK d/ ftek; ftu fJe
tZvk pdbkn b'eszsoh ;zftXkB d/ bkr{
j'D Bkb nkfJnk fi; ftu ek~B d/
oki, }kwBh jZe ns/ ;z;dh ;oeko tor/
nkdoF Fkfwb ehs/ rJ/. 73thI ns/
74thI ;zftXkBe ;'XK fJ;/ fdFk ftu j'o
gfotosB tos'I ftu fbnkT[d
I hnK jB.
e/Ido ns/ okiK nXhB ;/tktK ~ ;zftXkB
ftu jh gqw[Zy ;EkB gqkgs j?. B"eohnK
ftu Gosh bJh ftFkb FeshnK tkbk
y[dw[ysko efwFB fJe j'o wjZstg{oB
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

gZy j? i' ;zftXkB ~ bkr{ eoB ftu

nkgDh G{fwek dk wjZst do;kT[Idk j?.
fJ; ;zdoG ftu d/yfdnK ;k~ ek~B
d/ oki ns/ ;zxh fe;w d/ ;zftXkB
nXhB ;hws ;oeko d/ ;zebg d/ wjZst
~ ;wMD dh b'V j?. ;zftXkB d/
gqkeEB, w"fbe jZeK, w"fbe f}zw/tkohnK
ns/ fBod/Fe f;XKsK d/ o{g ftu fbyhnK
rJhnK ;zftXkBe edoK ehwsK ~ gqpzX
dk fjZ;k pDBk gt/rk. fJe gqFk;Be
jfEnko ti'I ;zftXkB ftub/ gqktXkB ns/
ndkbsK tb'I fJBQK dh ftnkfynk ;ko/
;oekoh nwbK bJh wkor doFe jB.
fJj ;ko/ ndkbsh ikfJ}/ d/ gkpzd jB
i' ;zftXkBe ;oeko dh ;ehw nXhB
ek~B d/ oki dk nkXko j?.
wB[Zyh nfXekoK, ]k; eoe/ ;wki d/
ew}'o torK d/ nfXekoK dh oZfynk bJh
;oeko dh w[Ybh J/iz;h B"eoFkjh j?
feT[fI e T[j jh ek~B ~ bkr{ eokT[D
bJh f}zwt/ ko j?. ndkbs T[d'I jh d]b
fdzdh j? id'I ekoigkfbek ek~B bkr{ Bk
eo ;e/ iK fJ; ~ ek~B d/ T[bN iK
gZygksh sohe/ Bb bkr{ eo/. i' ;zftXkB
Xow fBog/ysk ns/ ;wkfie fBnK dk
dkntk eodk j? T[j e/d
I oh ns/ oki
gZXoh ;oekoK T[s/ Gkoh f}zw/tkoh gkT[Idk
j?. fJ;/ bJh ;zftXkBe gfog/y$fdqFNhe'B
dk wjZst j?.
fJe j'o gZy i' ni'e/ ;fwnK ftu
Ffjoh ;wki ~ gqGkts eodk j? T[j j?
ek~BK dh pj[bsk - okFNoh ns/
nzsookFNoh noEftt;Ek, tksktoB
seBkb'ih ns/ nzsookFNoh ;zXh ;zpzXh
f}zw/tkohnK. ikfJdkd d/ e[M ;E{b t;s{
j'D d/ ;zebg s'I pdb e/ e[M nfij/ o{g
ftu j'D i' p"fXe ns/ nfdqFN j't,/ B/
tgkoe y/so d/ ek~BK ftu fJe eqKsh jh
fbnk fdsh ;h. p"fXe ikfJdkd ek~B
ns/ tgko Bkb ;zpzfXs p"fXe ikfJdkd
jZe nkofEe gqFk;B bJh ftFt gZXo #s/
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

Bk}e j' rJ/ jB. fJ; d/ Bkb jh j?

;{uBk ns/ ;zuko seBkb'ih ftu nkfJnk
fJBebkp fi; B/ ;oekoK d/ nzdo ns/
pkjo tgko eoB dk BtK ek~Bh u"yNk
;kjwD/ fbnKdk j?. ftFtheoB f;oc
wzvh d/ ;zpzX ftu jh BjhI j' fojk,
;zrfms ihtB d/ jo ebgBk :'r gZy
ftu fJj tkgo fojk j? fi; ekoB fJBQK
;ko/ w;fbnK pko/ ek~Bh wkj"b pVh
s/}h Bkb pdb fojk j? fi; ekoB Bhsh
ftek; ns/ gqFk;B d'tI/ gqGkts j' oj/
jB.
;oekoh gqFk;B ~ ;G gZXoK #s/
Neok d/D tkbk fJe j'o nk:kw j?
dhoxekbe ftek; dk fBnK Fk;so.
gqFk;B dh tos'I ftu nk oj/ ek~Bh
wkgdzv dhoxekbe jZdK ftu ;G nkT[D/
g?Dr/. fJj jB e[M ftF/F ek~Bh fdqFNhe'B
i' GftZy f;ftb ;wki bJh wjZstgoB
jB.

gfotosB d/ wkg dzv

fJ; ftuko uouk dk T[d/F ;h
nfij/ r[DK dh fBFkBd/jh eoBk i' nkT[D
tkb/ ;w/I ftu gqpzX s'I b'VhId/ j'Dr/.
j'oBK d/ Bkb, e[M r[D j/m fby/
j'Dr/ L
T[; d{o-fdqFNsk ns/ ;/X dk
nfj;k; fiXo Gkosh ;wki$oki gqpzX
tX fojk j? - fJ; dh ftfGzBsk ns/
;ZfGnkukoe nB/esk ;w/s.
T[`Go ojhnK e[M n;bh E[VK
ns/ Ffjoh ;wki dhnK FeshnK ~
gSkDB dh :'rsk sK fe T[BQK Bkb
BfiZfmnk ik ;e/. gfjbk ns/ d{ik B[esk
wjZstg{oB jB feT[fI e Gkos ni/ ftek;
d/ d"o ftu'I bzx fojk j?.
nkX[fBe seBkb'ih Bkb o{po{,
fi; Bkb eJh ;wZf;nktK ;[bMDrhnK.
gqpzX d/ T[gob/ gZXoK T[s` / ;EkBe
;oekoh ;z;EktK, |?o ;oekoh ;zrmBK,

;fjekosktK ns/ j'o g/Ft/ o ns/ b'e

;zrmBK Bkb B?`Ntoe eoB dh :'rsk.
fpyw g/Ft/ oh dk nfj;k;, T[dF/ K
dh g?oth bJh gZfenkJh ns/ fdqVQsk,
bkGdkfJe gfotosB ~ nZr/ tXkT[D dh
fdqVQ fJZSk.
T[d/FK dh g?oth eoB bJh
T{oik.
fBog/gsk, JhwkBdkoh, oki;h ns/
gqpzXeh ;jko/ dk nfj;k;.
;o's ofjs b'eK bJh ofjwfdbh
ns/ ;G s'I T[s` / T[; Gkos bJh tuBpZXsk
fi; dk ;[gBk fJ; d/ w'YhnK B/ fbnk
;h.
(b/ y e uK;bo, Bkrkb? I v :{ B htof;Nh,
u/now?B, fdjksh gqpzXB ;z;EkB nBzd,
tkJh; u/now?B, ;odko gN/b fJz;NhfuT{N
nk\ fJeBkfwe; n? I v ;' F b fo;ou,
;kpe wzsoh fpibh, :'iBkpzdh ftfrnkB
s/ seBkb'ih, Gkos ;oeko j?.)
;\k 8 dh pkeh

fJj j? fe ;oeko, pk}ko ns/ f;ftb

;';kfJNh ftu BthBsk nk ojh j?. e[Fb
gqFk;B dh w[jko ns/ ftFk t;s{ b'eK
dhnK nk;K ns/ BthnK-BthnK wzrK nB[;ko
pdb ojh j?. b'eszsfoe e[Fb gqFk;B
fJj ukj/rk ns/ fBFfus eo/rk fe
bhvofFg nfijhnK nk;K tZb ikro{e oj/
ns/ e[Fb gqFk;B d/ ;z;EkBK ~ BkrfoeK
dh GbkJh bJh brksko pdbdk oj/.
jo e'Jh ikDdk j? fe jo o'} d/F
ftu bZyK ftdo'j j' oj/ jB. b'V j?
bZyK ;wM"fsnK dh i' fJj fBFfus eoB
fe ;oeko, pk}ko ns/ f;ftb ;';kfJNh
fwb e/ rohpK bJh ezw eo oj/ jB.
(b/ye ;kpe rqfj ;eZso, Gkos ;oeko,
nzp?;vo s/ n?r}hfeT{fNt vkfJo?eNo,
tobv p?Ie ns/ fJ; t/b/ f;Zfew d/
rtoBo jB.)
13

e[Fb gqFk;B

e[Fb gqFk;B ns/ iBse Bhsh

;zs'F e[wko
G{ f wek

fJj g/go e[Fb gqFk;B

d/ ;{ueK ns/ ;[XkoK, e[M
;q/FN nwbK ns/ pdbd/
wkj"b ftu u[B"shnK dk
w[ZbzeD eoB ns/ T[BQK #s/
Mks wkoB dh e'fFF j?.
;kv/ gqFk;B dk yVQ/ dkn
tkbk YKuk b/Nt/I dkn tkb/
YKu/ ~ fwbD bJh fezBk
e[ fsnko j? sK fe ;wki
~ ;wki th pfDnk ofjD
fdsk ikt/ ns/ ;wkBsktkdh
XkoBk ~ ngDkfJnk ikt/ .
14

id'I w?I iBse Bhsh ns/ gqFk;B #s/

b/y fbyDk F[o{ ehsk sK xpokjN ftu
;h fe eh fbyK ns/ eh Bk fbyK< ftFt
gZXo #s/ ns/ Gkos ftu fJ; y/so ftu
ek\h gqE-gqdoFe ezw j' u[Zek j?. eJh
;kbK s'I fJ; d/ brGr ;ko/ gZyK ~ tZytZy ftdtkBK ns/ siop/ekoK tb'I y'finkGkfbnk frnk j? ns/ w/oh ;'u w?~
wkD:'r b/ye w[BFh gq/wuzd dh g[okDh
ejkDh tZb b? s[oh. fJj ejkDh fJe
;EkBe nkr{ pko/ j? i' b'eK ftu pVk
b'efgq: ;h ns/ T[; dh pVh fJZ}s ;h.
T[; B/ ;koh T[wo fJB;k\, pokpoh ns/
gkodoFsk tk;s/ ;zxoF ehsk. T[; nkr{
dh pVh jh ]{p;{os ns/ p[ZXhwkB bVeh
;h fi; Bkb T[j nkgD/ ;ko/ nrKjtX{
ftuko ns/ nfXnkswe tkoskbkg ;KMh
eodk ;h. T[j nkgD/ fgsk s'I pj[s
gqGkfts ;h ns/ T[; ~ nkgDk o'b
wkvb wzBdh ;h. nkgD/ fgsk bJh T[;
nzdo pj[s ;fseko ;h. T[; dk ftFtk;
;h fe e/tb T[; d/ fgsk tork ftnesh
jh tXhnk gqFk;B ns/ b'eK ~ fJB;k\
d[nk ;edk j?. fJe tkoh fJe pj[s jh
tZv/ T[s;t #s/ ;EkBe ;zgodkfJ tb'I T[;
d/ fgsk ~ w[Zy wfjwkB ti'I ;Zdk fdsk
frnk ns/ T[; ;zgodkfJ tb'I wzdo ftu
nk:'fis ehsh ik ojh ftF/F g{ik ftu
fjZ;k b?D bJh th fejk frnk ns/ fJe
nfij/ B"itkB ~ nFhotkd ns/ ;BwkfBs
eoB bJh th p/Bsh ehsh rJh fi; B/

;wki bJh Fbkxk:'r ezw ehsk ;h.

nkr{ B/ ;Zdk gZso ~ ;theko eod/ j'J/
fJ; ftF/F nt;o dk fjZ;k pDB bJh
nkgDh ;fjwsh d/ fdsh. T[; ftF/F
nt;o #s/ T[; nkr{ dh g[Zsoh B/ th
fjZ;k fbnk. ftF/F g{ik pV/ tXhnk Yzr
Bkb ehsh rJh ns/ fJBkw d/D bJh T[;
B"itkB dk Bkw g[ekfonk frnk. B"itkB
nZr/ nkfJnk, nkr{ d/ g?o S'j/ ns/ T[;
dk nkFhotkd gqkgs ehsk. T[; dk F'GkgZso ;G d/ ;kjwD/ gfVQnk frnk fe
fet/I T[; B/ b'eK ~ ftZfdnk gqkgs eoB
ns/ fe;/ th soQK d/ G/dGkt Gkt/I T[j
iks, y/so, Xow, ftFtk;, tor wZs
nkfd dk j't/, fto[ZX ;zxoF eoB ftu
wdd ehsh. T[; dh j'o gqFz;k eod/ j'J/
fejk frnk fe fet/I T[j T[BQK ftu
gfotosB fbnk ;e/rk. nkr{ B/ th
nkgD/ GkFB ftu T[; dh ]{p gqFz;k
ehsh. T[; dh Fbkxk eod/ j'J/ T[BQK B/
fejk fe ;kv/ d/F ~ nfij/ B"itkBK dh
}o{os j?. ;wki ns/ nkT[D tkbhnK
ghVQhnK bJh fJj B"itkB o'b wkvb j'
;edk j?. fco T[BQK B/ T[; d/ rb/ ftu
jko gkfJnk ns/ T[; ~ rbteVh ftu
b? fbnk. nkr{ dh bVeh B"itkB dh
Fbkxk ftu ej/ ik oj/ jo/e Fpd ~
pV/ fXnkB Bkb ;[D ojh ;h ns/ ;[D e/
pj[s ][F j' ojh ;h. xo tkg; w[Vd/
;w/I bVeh nkgD/ fgsk d/ GkFB ftu
wrB ;h ns/ brksko nkgD/ fgsk pko/
;'u ojh ;h. ;ko/ fdqF pko-pko T[;
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

dhnK nZyK ;kjwD/ x[zw oj/ ;B ns/

brksko T[; ~ :kd nk fojk ;h fe
fet/I T[; d/ fgsk B/ T[; B"itkB ~
rbteVh ftu fbnk ;h fJ; d/ pkti{d
fe T[j B"itkB fBwB iksh Bkb ;zpzfXs
j?. T[j Gkt[e j' rJh ns/ T[; B/
nkgD/ fgsk ih ~ rbteVh gk bJh ns/
T[BQK d/ ezBK ftu x[;o-w[;o, @@pkp{ ih !
w?I s[jk~ fgnko eodh jK.## fgsk ih
w[;eokJ/, T[; dh fgZm Eg-EgkJh ns/
T[; ~ rb/ brk fbnk.
e[ZM fdBK pknd, id'I T[j xo
(;EkBe nkr{ dk gfotko) ftu ;ko/ iD/
;t/o dh ukj gh oj/ ;B sK bVeh B/
nkgD/ fgsk ih ~ g[ZfSnk, @@pkp{ ih ! i/
w?I e[ZM wzrK sK s[;hI d/t'r/<## fgsk B/
fejk, @@w?I fJE/ f;o\ s/o/ bJh jK.## fJj
;[Dd/ j'J/ T[; B/ pVh fBwosk Bkb
nkgD/ fgsk ih ~ g[ZfSnk, @@eh s[;hI w/ok
ftnkj T[; bVe/ Bkb eo'r/ fi; ~ T[;
ftF/F fdB #s/ s[;hI ;BwkfBs ehsk ns/
o'b wkvb dk nkFhotkd fdsk ;h< w?I
T[; ~ fgnko eodh jK ns/ T[; Bkb
ftnkj eoBk ukj[zdh jK.## ;kok wkj"b
gbN frnk, fgsk rZ[;/ ftu yVQk j' frnk
ns/ T[; T[go tfoQnk, @@nfijk efjD dh
s/oh fjzws fet/I gJh< fJj n;zGt j?.
fJe BhthI iks dk ftnesh w/ok itkJh
fet/I pD ;edk j?< eh s{z BjhI ikDdh fe
fJe BhthI iks dk ftnesh T[`uh iks d/
ftnesh Bkb ftnkj BjhI eo ;edk<
fJj Bk pyFD:'r ekoi j?< HHH ns/ sd
T[;/ ;w/I T[; d/ ;kjwD/ ;G e[M ftF/F
g{ik, fJBkw ;wko'j, T[; d/ fgsk dk
GkFB, B"itkB gqfs T[; dk ftjko ns/
T[; dh sith} #s/ T[; d/ fgsk dh
gqfsfefonk HHH ;G e[M FhF/ d/ xo tKr
u{o-u{o j' frnk HHH fJj ihtB dk ;Zu
j?.
g[okD/ ;fwnK d/ nfij/ :EkoE nZi
th T[B/ jh ;jh jB. fJ; ejkDh B/ w?~
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

w[ZbzeD eoB dh ;/X fdsh fe tXhnk

gfoDkw bJh f;o\ Bhsh iK wB'oE jh
wjZstg{oB BjhI ;r'I wB ukj/ gfoDkwK
bJh ;Zuh Bhns Bkb BhshnK ~ bkr{
eoBk ns/ nwbh ikwk gfjBkT[Dk f}nkdk
wjZstg{oB j?. fgSb/ ;kbK dhnK u[Bs" hnK
nZi 21thI ;dh ftu th w"i{d jB.
ek~B d/ fB:w Bkb'I ;wkfie nwb
f}nkdk gqpb jB. Gkt/I n;hI ;EkBe
;w[dkfJnK d/ ;w{jK iK gzukfJs d[nkok
;[DkJ/ rJ/ \?;fbnK pko/ rZbpks eohJ/,
T[BQK \?;fbnK dk ;BwkB ehsk iKdk j?
ns/ ek~B d/ fB:wK ~ dpk fdsk ikdk
j?. nkgD/ B[es/ ~ ;gZFN eoB bJh w?I
fJe j'o T[dkjoD d/Dh ukjKrk. ;oekoh
s;tho ftu (fB:w, ek~B, Bhsh, gqr
' okw)
Gkos d/ ;zftXkB dhnK XkoktK w[skfpe
fe;/ th soQK dk G/dGkt ek~Bh s"o s/
;thekoB :'r BjhI j?. fe;/ th soQK d/
G/dGkt s'I jo/e ftnesh ek~Bh s"o s/
;[oZfyns j?. go d{i/ gk;/ ;wkfie nwb
fJ; s'I fpbe[b T[bN jB. g[okDhnK
edoK-ehwsK ni/ th gqufbs jB ns/
T[BQK #s/ nwb ehsk iKdk j?, T[djoD
bJh, ;zftXkBe Xkok, eJh BhshnK, gqr
' okwK
ns/ ek~B d/ pkti{d ;wki ftu n"os
dk ;EkB ni/ th BhtK jh j?. fgsk
g[oyh XkoBktK ;wkfie ftukoXkok ns/
nwb pj[s tkoh ek~B d/ fB:w #s/ Gko{
j' iKd/ jB. id'I nwb dk ;wK nkT[d
I k
j? sK fbysh ek~B Bkb'I ;wki d/ nfbys
nkuoD ;zfjsk ~ gqkEfwesk fdsh ikdh
j?. fJ; bJh u[Bs" h fJj j? fe BK d/
gqFk;B ~ gfoDkw :[es oki gqpzX ftu
fet/I gotofss ehsk ikt/.
f}eo eoBk pDdk j? fe ;z;ko
pj[s s/}h Bkb pdb fojk j?. ;{uBk
seBkb'ih ns/ ;zuko fJBebkp Bkb ;EkBe
s'I ftFt fgzv ftu gfotofss j' frnk
j?. ftFtheoB d/ :[Zr ftu nkofEe s"o
s/ d/FK dh fJe-d{i/ #s/ nzso-fBoGosk

f}nkdk tX rJh j?. go ;G s'I tZv/

gqFB dk T[`so ni/ th fiT[I dk fsT[I
ekfJw j? fe pdbd/ ;z;ko Bkb n;hI
fezBk pdb/ jK. eh n;hI ni/ th eZNV
jK ns/ Bt/I ftukoK ~ ;theko eoB d/
;woZE BjhI jK< iK ;kv/ ftuko d{finK d/
ftukoK Bkb'I ;q/FN jB< fJ; gqFB #s/ th
ftuko eoB dh b'V j? fe eh ;kvk oki
gqpzX ;w/I dh b'V nB[;ko pdb fojk j?
iK pdbD bJh fsnko j? ns/ e[Fb
gqFk;B d/ fojk j? ns/ iBsk ~ tXhnk
;/tktK w[jZJhnk eo fojk j?. fJj g/go
e[Fb gqFk;B d/ ;{ueK ns/ ;[XkoK, e[M
;qF/ N nwbK ns/ pdbd/ wkj"b ftu
u[Bs" hnK dk w[ZbzeD eoB ns/ T[BQK #s/
Mks wkoB dh e'fFF j?. ;kv/ gqFk;B dk
yVQ/ dkn tkbk YKuk b/Nt/I dkn tkb/
YKu/ ~ fwbD bJh fezBk e[ fsnko j? sK
fe ;wki ~ ;wki th pfDnk ofjD fdsk
ikt/ ns/ ;wkBsktkdh XkoBk ~ ngDkfJnk
ikt/.

e[Fb gqFk;B dh gfoGkFk

rtoB?;I Fpd :{BkBh Fpd s'I fbnk
frnk j? fi; dk noE j? ubkT[Dk ns/
fJj gfjbh tkoh gb?N' d[nkok o{ge ti'I
tofsnk frnk ;h. T[; s'I pknd fJj
bkshBh GkFk ftu nkfJnk ns/ pj[s
;kohnK GkFktK ftu \?b frnk. nzro/}h
ftu fJ; ~ ;q/FNsk, gqG{sk, gqXkBsk,
skes, ;Zsk gqukbB nkfd d/ s"o s/
gqGkfFs ehsk frnk. oki gqpzX dk ezw
j? ;zukbB eoBk. fJj \?;fbnK Bkb
;zpzfXs j? i' fe T[whdK ~ gqGkfFs eodk
j?, skes fdzdk j/ iK skwhb ~ s;dhe
eodk j?.
eJh ;kbK s'I, gqFk;B bJh wkfjoK
d[nkok eJh eJh gfoGkFktK ;[MkJhnK
rJhnK jB. e[M gfoGkFktK ~ d/yd/ jK,
ftehghvhnk fJ; ~ fJzM gfoGkfFs eodk
j?, gqFk;B ;zukbB dk ezw j?. fJj
\?;fbnK Bkb ;zpzfXs j? i' fe T[whdK ~
15

gqGkfFs eodk j?, skes fdzdk j? iK

skwhb ~ s;dhe eodk j?. fJ; ftu
nrtkJh gqfefonktK dk gqpzXB dk fjZ;k
iK nbZr gqfefonk Fkfwb j[zdh j?. fJj
gqfefonktK ns/ gqDkbhnK dh ftt;Ek
gqfsfBX s"o s/ ;oekoK d[nkok ehsh iKdh
j?. id'I ftF/F ;z;Ek ftu gqFk;B pko/
ftuko uouk ehsh iKdh j? sK ;z;Ek d/
nzdob/ gqFk;B dh r[DtZsk ~ ne;o
tXhnk gqFk;B d/ wkgdzvK Bkb s[bBk
ehsh iKdh j?. pj[s gfjbK, gb?N' s'I th
ek\h gfjbK, e"Nfbnk B/ nkgD/ y'i-rzqE
noEFkFso ftu gqFk;B ~ gfoGkfFs
eofdnK j'fJnK e[M y/soK fit/I fBnK,
B?fse, FkFso ns/ ;oeko d/ gqfs
][dw[yskoh o{gK d/ e[M gqw[Zy EzwQK #s/ }'o
fdsk j? ns/ fJj tXhnk oki gqpzX dh
ebk dk tZvk YKuk j?. gfoGkFk d/ bzw/
;o's d/ pkti{d fJe gfoGkFk #s/ w}p{s
nkw okfJ BjhI pD ;eh. ;zebfge s"o
s/ oki gqpzX (e[Fb gqFk;B d/ T[bN ti')I
~ Fk;eK d/ fB:w d/ s"o s/ gfoGkFs
ehsk ik ;edk j?, ftbZyD s"o s/ fds/
j'J/ fB:wK d/ ;?`N d/ nzdo. e'Jh fJ;
soQK th s? eo ;edk j? fe gqFk;B fJe
gqfefonk j?, fi; d[nkok Fk;eK ~ ;Zsk
gqdkB ehsh iKdh j?, fi; d[nkok T[j
fB:w pDkT[d
I / jB ns/ fi; d[nkok
fB:wK ~ bkr{ ehsk iKdk j? ns/ sowhw
ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; bJh gqFk;B ~
;wMD bJh fB:wK ns/ Fk;eK d'tK dh
gSkD dh b'V j?. Bkb jh tZy-tZy
gqfefonktK fiBQK d[nkok T[j u[D,/ gfoGkFs
ns/ fJeZm/ i'V/ iKd/ jB, ~ ;wMD dh
b'V j?. (fd tobv p?eI )

gqFk;B ;{ue ns/ e[Fb gqFk;B

id'I n;hI tXhnk iK wkV/ gqFk;B
pko/ s[bBkswe eEB pDkT[d
I / jK sK T[;
ftu f}nkdk nzsow[ysk Fkfwb j[zdh j?.
jo/e ;oeko nkgD/ nkg ~ g{o/ ;wkBsktkdh
;zebgK Bkb gkodoFh ns/ fBogZysk
16

nkXkfos gqFk;B gqdkB eoB dk dw

Godh j?. tobv p?eI rtoB?;I fJzvhe/No
tobv p?Ie d/ g[okD/ y'i gq'rokwK #s/
nkXkfos jB. tobv tkJhv rtoB?'I;
fJzvhe/No 1966 s'I b? e/ nZi se gqFk;B
d/ 6 gqw[Zy ft;skoK ~ dZ;d/ jB L
nktk} ns/ itkpd/jh.
okiBhse ;fEosk ns/ fjz;k dh
o'eEkw.
;oekoh gqGktesk.
fB:zsqe r[DtZsk.
ek~B dk fB:w.
fGqFNkuko #s/ ekp{.
T[j 30 s'I f}nkdk tZy-tZy ftFt
ftnkgh ;zrmBK d[nkok fsnko ehs/ rJ/
40 nzeVk ;o'sK #s/ nkXkfos, 200 s'I
f}nkdk d/FK ftu gqFk;B dh r[DtZsk ~
wkgd/ jB ns/ 2002 s'I ;kbkBk nkXko
#s/ wkgdzv jB. tobv p?eI rotB?;I
fJzvhe/No B/ ek~B nkXkfos ns/ gqwkD
nkXkfos fJzvhe/NoK ftueko fBy/Vk ehsk
j?. g{opb/ fB:wK dh w"i{drh, Bhsh ns/
ek~B pko/ rZb eodk j? id'I fe nzsbk
fJ; dh skwhb$gkbDk pko/ j?. go d'tK
ftueko ;gZFN fBy/Vk eoB bJh e'Jh
;gZFN o/yk BjhI j?. jkbK fe :{ n?B vh
gh B/ tXhnk gqFk;B d/ 9 ;{ueK dh
gSkD ehsh j? ns/ fJBQK ;{ueK ~
gfoDkw ;{ueK d/ s"o s/ ;wfMnk ns/
nwb ftu fbnKdk ik ;edk j?. tXhnk
gqFk;B GkJhtkbh tkbk gkodoFh ns/
itkpd/jh, gqGkth ns/ fBnK;zrs j? ns/
fJj ek~B dh gkbDk ~ gq;kfos eodk
j?. fJj :ehBh pDkT[d
I k j? fe okiBhse,
;wkfie ns/ nkofEe gqkEfwesktK ;wki
ftubh ft;fsqs ;op;zwsh #s/ nkXkfos
jB ns/ ftek; ;o'sK dh tzv dk \?;bk
eod/ ;w/I rohpK ns/ n;[oZfyns tor
dh nktk} ;[Dh rJh j? (:{ n?B vh gh
1997)

e[ F b gq F k;B dh |? o -jk}oh,
ikoh ofjD :'r ftek; dh gqkgsh ftu
;wkt/F d/ f;XKs d/ fto[ZX ezw eodh j?.
:{ n?B vh gh d/ B ;{ueK B/ tXhnk
gqFk;B d/ j/mK fby/ bZSDK dh gSkD
ehsh j? i' jB L
Gkrhdkoh.
ek~B dh gkbDk.
gkodoFsk.
;ztd
/ BFhbsk.
;op;zwsh nB[e{b.
fBogZysk.
gqGktekoh ns/ fBg[zBsk.
itkpd/jh ns/
Bhshrs fdqFNh.
fJBQK ;{ueK dk ;wkt/F T[s` w gfoDkw
dh nrtkJh eo ;edk j?.
;cb ftek; ns/ tXhnk gqFk;B
ftueko ;zpzX dh tXhnk gSkD, fit/I fe
gq:'r f;ZX gqwkD ;[MkT[Id/ jB, B/ ;ko/
d/FK ns/ ftneshnK, d/FK ftu gqFk;B
dh r[DtZsk d/ fBohyD dh wzr ~
tXkfJnk j?. w[ZbzeD ehs/ ik oj/ d/FK
ftu cowK, ftneshrs b'eK ns/ iBse
nfXekohnK d/ ftukoK ~ e[ZM ;kXBK B/
cfVnk j?. pkeh d{i/ ;jkfJsk d/D tkfbnK
ns/ |?o ;oekoh ;zrmBK d/ ftukoK ~
gqdofFs eod/ jB. id fe d{i/ e[ZM
tgkoe }'yw, doikpzdh J/i;z hnK d/ w[b
Z ez D
#s/ nkXkfos jB.
e[Fb gqFk;B dh nB[G{sh d/ pkti{d
b'eK dh b'efgq: nB[G{sh ~ wB ftu
oZyDk f}nkdk wjZstg{oB j?. fGqFNkuko
w[es gqFk;B eJh oki gqpXz ftu gkodoFsk
pko/ nZieZbQ g{o/ okFNo ftu uouk j'
ojh j?. e[Fb gqFk;B bJh fJj ;{ue
;G s'I f}nkdk g[ZS-gqshs tkbk ;{ue j'
;edk j?. gqFk;B ~ fGqFNkuko-w[es
pDkT[D bJh fgSb/ ;w/I ftu ekch
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

wjZstg{oB edw u[Ze/ rJ/ jB ns/

eJhnK pko/ ftuko uouk uZb ojh j?.
;{uBk nfXeko ek~B, b'egkb fpZb fbnkT[D
bJh pfj; e[Fb gqFk;B bJh uh\ ft}hb?;I
efwFBo dh ;z;Ek dh ;EkgBk fJe j'o
wjZstg{oB ;kXB j? i' fe Bhsh ns/ T[;
dh skwhb ftub/ gkV/ ~ xZN eoB tk;s/
;jkJh j' ;edk j?.

wkwbk (e/ ; ) nfXn? B

Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ftu wjkswk
rKXh okFNoh g/Iv{ o[}rko }kwBh ek~B
(Bo/rk) 2005 fJe :kdrkoh ftXkB j?.
wBo/rk d/ ;zGkth skwhb bJh T[`fus
;woZE skwhb ;zx dh b'V j?. gZSwh
pzrkb ftu rqkw gzukfJs (fgzv dh ef;b)
wBo/rk d/ gqr
' okw ~ nwb ftu fbnkT[D
bJh gqkEfwe J/iz;h j?. wBo/rk okjhI
o[}rko g?dk eoB ns/ e[Fb gqFk;B
ftueko ;zpzX ~ x'yD ns/ e[Fb gqFk;B
d/ w[Zy bZSDK dh ndkfJrh ftu rqkw
gzukfJs d/ fBGkn dk w[ZbzeD eoBk
}o{oh j?.

gZSwh pzrkb d/ gZFfuw

fwdBkg[o f}bQ/ dh rqkw
gzukfJs dh e/; ;NZvh
e[Fb gqFk;B dh fJe
T[dkjoD j? i' e[Fb
gqFk;B d/ ;ko sZs ~
}kjo eodh j? ns/ fi;
dk rqkw gzukfJs ftu
wBo/rk d/ sfjs gqfs
gfotko n" ; sB ftnesh
fdBK ~ g?dk eoB #s/
;ekokswe n;o j? .
;[szsosk s'I pknd Gkos d/ fJfsjk;
ftu ;wki ;[oZfynk ftXkB ftu wBo/rk
2005 fJe nfjw :kdrkoh ek~B j?.
;cb ;zxoF s'I pknd o[}rko }kwBh
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

ek~B gk; ehsk frnk go fe;/ th

ftek;Fhb d/F d/ ;zdoG ftu o[}rko
bJh ;zg{oB nfXeko gqfs fJj ek~B
nKfFe fiZs j?. o[}rko d/ nfXeko ~
gfjbh tko bk}wh ek~B pDkfJnk frnk
j? ns/ o[}rko Bk fwbD dh ;{os ftu
fJ; ek~B okjhI p/o[}rkoh GZsk :ehBh
pDkfJnk frnk j?. i' ;G s'I wjZstg{oB
j? T[j j? nfXeko nkXkfos ek~B dh
gj[zu okjhI rohpK dk FesheoB i' rohp
b'eK bJh o[}rko nt;oK d/ ftebg dh
xkN ftu w}p{s ;[oZfynk B?`N d/ s"o #s/
ezw eo/rk. fJ; ;ehw d/ d{i/ gqw[Zy
bZSD jB L ;wkpZX }kwBh, w}d{o gqs' ;kjB,
ezw, fte/Idohfeqs Gkrhdkoh :'iBkpzdh,
fJ;soh ;FesheoB, ezw tkb/ ;EkB #s/
;j{bsK ns/ fJ; s'I fJbktk, ;{uBk nfXeko
s/ ;wkfie b/y/ i'y/ dh Xkok okjhI gkodoFsk
ns/ itkpd/jh. Gkos ftu p[fBnkdh
b'eszso ~ w}p{s eoB bJh wBo/rk
fJe ftbZyD ns/ p/fw;kb :sB j?.
gZSwh pzrkb ftu wBo/rk ~ bkr{ eoB
bJh j'o ftGkrK, d{i/ rqkw gzukfJs ;zxK
ns/ rqkw gzukfJs fJe gqkEfwe gq'rokw
J/iz;h j?.
gZSwh pzrkb e/; Bkb e[Fb gqFk;B
fdgi'J/ ;/B ns/ d/pkposk ;kwzsk d[nkok
ehs/ rJ/ nfXn?B B/ gqFk;B dh r[DtZsk
~ gqwkfDs eoB bJh j/m fby/ gzi ;{ue
bJ/ jB L
Gkrhdkoh.
gkodoFsk.
itkpd/jh.
gqGktekoh ns/ fBg[zBsk.
;wkBsk.
nfXn?B ftu behoh goktosB wkvb
dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?. nfXn?B ftu
tos/ rJ/ goktosB wkvb d/ brGr
;ko/ ;{ueK B/ ;ekokswe Bshi/ fdykJ/
jB.

2008-09 ftu wBo/rk o[}rko dk

g?wkBk ek\h ftnkge ;h. i/ ;kb ftu
f;o\ fJe fdB bJh wBo/rk ezw fNekfDnK
~ y'fbQnk frnk sK 216 eo'V b'eK ~
ezw fwfbnk. n";sB jo/e gfotko (fiBQK
B/ Bo/rk ezwK #s/ ezw ehsk) ~ 48 fdBK
dk o[}rko fwfbnk. wBo/rk #s/ ezw
eoB tkb/ gfotkoK ~ i/ d/yhJ/ sK d;K
ftu'I fJe pzd/ ~ g{ok 100 fdB dk
o[}rko fwfbnk fi; dk T[j jZedko j?.
nzs #s/ d/yD tkbh rZb fJj j? fe
o[}rko dk tZvk fjZ;k n;[oZfyns ro[ZgK
fit/I nB[;{fus ikshnK ns/ nB[;{fus
ephfbnK ~ jkf;b j'fJnk. fJ;sohnK
~ ;ko/ ezwK dk brGr nZXk fjZ;k (48
gqfsFs) fwfbnk i' fe ek~B d/ sfjs s?
;hwk s'I fes/ f}nkdk j?.
eJh wkgdzv jB fiBQK #s/ wBo/rk
dh skwhb dk w[ZbzeD ehsk ik ;edk j?.
fJBQK ftu Fkfwb j? wBo/rk d/ sfjs
g?dk ehs/ rJ/ o[}rko dk g?wkBk, wBo/rk
ftu fJ;sohnK ns/ j'o n;[ofZ yns ;w{jK
dh Gkrhdkoh, wBo/rk d/ sfjs f;oih
rJh ;zgsh dh r[DtZsk, :'iBkpzdh gqfefonk
ftu gzukfJsh oki ;z;Ek dh Fw{bhns,
gkodoFsk ;[ofZ ynk dh skwhb (fGqFNkuko
fB:zsoB eoB bJh wjZstg{oB) ns/
feosh fwZsosk (wzr #s/ ezw d/Dk, ;w/I #s/
ndkfJrh eoBk ns/ j'o eJh e[M).
okiK dh d{ih tXhnk T[dkjoD
sfwbBkv{ j? fi; s'I pj[s e[M f;Zfynk ik
;edk j?. nkozG ftu fJ; oki B/ ;koh
T{oik dk e/Ido p[fBnkd #s/ oZfynk L
rqkw gzukfJs ns/ pbke gZXo #s/ ;woZEk
ftu ;[Xko eoBk ns/ ftt;Ek ~ EK f;o
oZyDk. foekov oZyD bJh ckow?N d/
fv}kJhB, fBohyD gqpzX nkfd tor/
t/oftnK #s/ f}nkdk fXnkB fdsk frnk.
T[dkjoD bJh, sfwbBkv{ ftu ikoh ehs/
rJ/ B"eoh d/ ekovK ftu Fkfwb ;h,
ndkfJrh ns/ jk}oh foekov ftu BthBsk
17

s'I S[ZN ikro{esk g?dk eoB bJh fdqFNKs

#s/ f}nkdk }'o ;h. wZmh ns/ ;fji gj[zu
s'I Gkt fe o[}rko g?dk eoB d/ o{g ftu
sfwbBkv{ 2006-07 ftu g"Vh d/ j/mb/
vzv/ #s/ ofj frnk go 2009-10 se fJj
f;yo d/ fpbe[b B}dhe ;h.

e/;-2 L
jzrkwh ;fEsh ftu e[Fb gqFk;B L
r[ioks g[Bo ;Ekgsh gq'rokw
26 iBtoh 2001 ~ Gkos B/
spkjekoh G{ukb dk ;kjwDk ehsk. gZSwh
r[ioks ns/ e/d
I oh r[ioks ftu eJh soQK
dh ;ohoe ;zgsh dh spkjh j'Jh, eJh
ikBK rJhnK. fJj T[j fJbkek ;h fiE/
brGr 2 eo'V b'e ofjzd/ ns/ ezw
eod/ jB. 13000 s'I th f}nkdk ikBK
rJhnK ns/ brGr 1,67,000 b'e }]wh
j'J./ seohpB 10 bZy xo Yfj rJ/ iK
spkj j' rJ/ ;B. S'N/ eko'pkoh ftF/F
s"o s/ eZb-/ eko/ ekohro gfotko, d[ekBdko
ns/ fdjksh T[d:'r th gqGkfts j'J/
;B. f;js ns/ f;Zfynk YKuk pVh p[oh
soQK spkj j' frnk ;h. 1200 s'I
f}nkdk f;js e/Ido (f}nkdk fdjksh
y/soK ftu) ns/ d' f}bQk j;gskb spkj
j' rJ/ ;B ns/ 11,600 s'I f}nkdk
;e{b popkd j' rJ/ ;B. fJ;/ soQK
d't/I fdjksh ns/ Ffjoh ib g{osh ;ehwK
th p[oh soQK spkj j' rJhnK ;B. S'N/
e[dosh GzvkoK bJh 240 s'I f}nkdk fwZNh
d/ v?w i' y/shpkVh, fdjksh ns/ Ffjoh
xo/b{ b'VK ns/ T[d:'rK ~ gkDh ;gbkJh
eod/ ;B, T[j th popkd j' rJ/ ;B.
fpibh ns/ ;zuko torhnK ;/tktK d/
YKu/ ftnkge gZXo #s/ sfj;-Bfj; j'
rJ/ ;B.
G{ukb d/ nkofEe gqGkt ftu Fkfwb
;h L(1) ;zgsh dk B[e;kB (f;ZXh spkjh),
(2) T[sgkdB dk B[e;kB (nf;ZXk B[e;kB),
(3) ftZsh bkrs (r"D gqGkt). gqGkfts
f}fbQnK ftu fBZih ;zgsh dh spkjh ftnkge
18

gZXo #s/ j'Jh ;h. nB[wkBs e[Zb 9,900

eo'V o[gJ/ (2H1 fwbhnB vkbo) dh e[Zb
;zgsh dk B[e;kB ;h, 7,400 eo'V o[gJ/
(1H6 fwbhnB vkbo) dh fBZih ;zgsh dk
B[e;kB j'fJnk.
;oeko d/ ;kjwD/ fJj tZvk ekoi
;h fe fet/I seBheh ikDekoh, nkofEe
;jkfJsk, Bhshrs F[on
{ ks, fJB;k\, ;wkBsk
ns/ gkodoFsk ;w/s spkj j'J/ r[ioks
~ d[pkok yVQk ehsk ikJ/. J/Fhnk ftek;
p?eI ns/ ftFt p?eI dh ;KMh w[ZbzeD
fog'oN nB[;ko wekB T[;koh y/so bJh
x'fFs ehshnK rJhnK ;ehwK #s/ you/
;w/s ;wkfie ns/ G"fse YKu/ dh w[V
pjkbh bJh you dk nB[wkB 8,496
eo'V o[gJ/ iK 1,827 fwbhnB vkbo ;h.
fJBQK wkBdzvK ftu T[sgkde y/so,
y/shpkVh, T[d:'r ns/ ;/tktK ftu ;zgsh
d/ B[e;kB bJh w[nkt}k Fkfwb BjhI.
w[V pjkbh dk ezw ;oeko dh
gqfspZXsk Bkb F[o{ ehsk frnk ;h ns/
g{oh gkodoFsk Bkb foekov ;w/I ftu
;zg{oB ehsk frnk. e[Fb gqFk;B bJh
r[ioks ;oeko ~ ftFt p?eI rohB
;BwkB ns/ ;z:e{ s okFNo ;z;EktK fJBkw
Bkb ;BwkfBs ehsk frnk ;h. nk\s
foeotoh gqr
' okw dh f}zwt/ koh bJh ;oeko
B/ r[ioks oki nk\s gqpzXB nEkfoNh d/
o{g ftu fJe Bt/I ;z;Ekrs gqpzX dh
;EkgBk ehsh. ;oeko B/ nk\s gqpzXB
#s/ oki ftXkB fbnKdk, foetoh ns/ w[V
pjkbh #s/ fJe iBse Bhsh (d/F ftu
gfjbh tko) fsnko ehsh ns/ pj[s ;ko/
;N/e j'bvo dh Gkrhdkoh Bkb fJ; dh
skwhb ehsh. foetoh dk e[Fb gqFk;B
pknd ftu ftFt gZXo #s/ T[sfeqFN
nwb d/ s"o s/ gSkfDnk frnk. fi;
B/ nk\s gqpXz B d/ gqFk;B dh nzsookFNoh
ns/ okFNoh gZXo #s/ ;[Xko tk;s/ nrtkJh
ehsh.
gqw[Zy w;fbnK dk fBgNkok L

w[V T[;koh ns/ w[V pjkbh gq'rokw B/

G{ukb o'eEkw seBkb'ih d/ fJ;s/wkb
okjhI G{ukb gqGkfts iBse GtBK, ;e{bK,
xoK ~ T[;koB, w}p{s ns/ w[ozws eoB
tor/ w;fbnK ~ pVh uzrh soQK fBgNkfJnk.
fJ; B/ ;EkBe noE ftt;Ek ~ w[V
;[oihs eoB bJh y/shpkVh, T[d:'r, S'N/
eko'pko ns/ d;sekoh bJh nkofEe
;jkfJsk w[jZJhnk eotk e/ wdd ehsh
sK fe b'e nkgDh T[gihtek ~ g[Bo;[oihs
eo ;eD. fJ; B/ nrKj e[dosh nk\sK
Bkb fBgND bJh b'eK nzdo ikro{esk
ns/ fsnkoh s/ nk\s o'eEkw wkgdzvK
bJh puknekoh YKu/ }ohJ/ n;[oZfynsk
xNkT[D d/ w;fbnK ~ th BfiZfmnk.
nk\s xNkT[D dhnK seBheK ns/ nk\s
pko/ ikDekoh tXkT[D ns/ ikoh ofjD
:'r nkwdB gqfs gj[zu g?dk eoB bJh,
fi; B/ jzrkwh fsnkoh ns/ f}zw/tko
j;shnK (fit/I nrBh ns/ pukn fpqr/v)
dh gqfsfefonk ;woZEk ~ tXkfJnk.

ftFkb ekoi dh w[ezwbsk bJh

ngDkJ/ rJ/ Yzr
;wkfie ftt/e Bkb w[V pjkbh L
G{ukb s'I p[oh soQK gqGkfts :shwK, ftXtktK,
p}[orK ns/ ngkjiK d/ g[Botk; bJh
;wkfie g[Botk; bJh e[M edw T[mkJ/
rJ/. nfij/ edwK ftu Fkfwb jB
nkofEe ;jkfJsk, fojkfJFh ;j{bsK, j[Bo
~ j'o s/} eoBk, vkeNoh ;jkfJsk,
fJbki ns/ ;bkj-wFtok. 1,758 :shw
pZfunK ~ f}bQk eb?eNo ns/ pZu/ d/ ;KM/
p?Ie yks/ d/ o{g ftu nkofEe ;jkfJsk
fdsh rJh. gkbe wksk-fgsk ;ehw d/
sfjs 71 pZfunK ~ 500 o[gJ/ gqfs
wjhBk ;jkfJsk gqdkB ehsh rJh, B?FBb
fubvoB \zv dh wdd Bkb pZfunK
dhnK 14 bkJhBK dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh,
999 ftXtktK ns/ 657 p}[orK B/
wjhBktko g?BFB jkf;b ehsh. ngkji
pkeh ;\k 22 T[`s/

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

e[Fb gqFk;B

Jh-gqFk;B L j/m'I T[`go bJh gj[zu dh b'V

;who e'SV

nk

Jh-gq F k;B ftu ekw:kph

jk;b eoB bJh ;oeko,
BkrfoeK ns/ fBZih y/so
ftueko ;orow GkJhtkbh
dh b'V j?. Jh-gqFk;B
gq'rokwK ~ nkgD/ rkjeK
e'b'I brksko chvp?e ns/
fJBg[N dh b'V j?, BkrfoeK,
tgkoe ndkfonK ns/
eqwukohnK e'b'I th i'
fJb? e Nq k fBe iBse
;/tktK dh tos'I eod/ jB.
fJ; bJh Jh-gqFk;B ;G
;zpzfXs fXoK, ;oekoh ns/
|?o ;oekoh tb'I fwbi[b e/
ehsh fJe ebgBk j?, i' fJ;
ebgBk ~ ;koEe eoB bJh
fwbi[b e/ ezw eo oj/ jB.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

gD/ BkrfoeK ~ ;/tktK d/D

ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJh, ;oeko
B/ eJh ekw:kp Jh-gqFk;B gfjbK ehshnK
jB, fit/I fe n?w ;h J/-21 (ezgBh
wkwfbnK d/ wzsokbk dhnK ;/tktK ftu
s/}h fbnkT[D ns/ T[BQK ~ fBo;zdj/
:ehBh pDkT[D ftu ;[Xko bJh), nkwdB
eo ohNoBK nkB bkJhB GoB, gk;g'oN
;/tk e/d
I o nkfd. fJ; d/ Bkb-Bkb,
2014 se fwEhnK ;kohnK 1100 JhgqFk;B ;/tktK d/D bJh ;oeko pj[s
g{zih you ojh j? - 40,000 eo'V o[gJ/
se. fJj g{zih fBt/F ;woEk tXkT[D
bJh b'VhId/ g{zih fBt/F jo fe;w d/
jkovt/no ns/ ;k\Nt/no T[`go you
bJh j'tr
/ k.
nKXo gqd/F ;oeko B/ BkrfoeK
bJh @s[jkvh ;/tk bJh# iK @wh ;/tk#
ubdh j?. brGr 6,000 wh ;/tk ekT{NI o
jo o'} 50,000 no}hnK dk fBgNkok
eo oj/ jB, i' o'} 1,00,000 no}hnK
se b? ;ed/ jB. ih 2 ;h ;/tktK s/}h
Bkb ns/ ;[oZfyns sohe/ d/D bJh fJ;
B/ ;G okFNoh Jh-gqFk;B gfjbK ~ fJe
EK b? nKdk j? ns/ fJ; soQK f;nkjh
Bkb d;s]s eoB d/ oki dk ykswk
ehsk j?. cozN v?;e #s/ ezw eoB tkb/
BkrfoeK dhnK no}hnK b?d
I / jB ns/
T[BQK ~ fgS/ nfXekohnK se gj[zukT[d
I /
jB ns/ fgS/ ezw eoB tkb/ vkNkp/;
okjhI ikDekoh fdzd/ jB ns/ fJ; soQK
Bkrfoe ~ fJe' irj ikDk g?d
I k j?.

fJ; ftu wkb wfjewk, ofi;No/FB,

fwT{;I gb gqFk;B, f;Zfynk ns/ j'o ;/tktK
d/ ftsoD d/ u?Bb Fkfwb jB.
you/ ftu ewh, GzvkoB ftu tkXk,
buehbkgB, ;{uBk se fe;/ ;EkB s'I th
gj[zu ns/ ;k\Nt/no ~ ngN{vN/ oZyD
dh fuzsk s'I w[esh e[ZM nfijh ;'u ;h
fi; B/ wjKokFNo ;oeko ~ wjkr't
ebkT{v F[o{ eoB bJh T[sFkjs ehsk.
fJj tZy-tZy ftGkrK tb'I t?`p;kJhN ns/
bkr{eoB j';fNzr bJh ;N/N vkNk e/d
I o
tb'I bkr{ ehsk ik fojk j?. 42 ;oekoh
ftGkrK ftu'I 25 gfjbK s'I jh ebkT{v #s/
jB i' 70 tZy-tZy bkr{eoB j';N eo
oj/ jB. b'V ns/ e[Fbsk nB[;ko,
GzvkoB ns/ w?w'oh d/ gsb/ yke/ dh tos'I
eoe/ ;o'sK dh e[Fb tos'I ehsh iKdh
j?. fJ; B/ n?; vh ;h Nhw tb'I
:'iBkpX bkr{ eoB ftu vkT{BNkJhw BK
brD ftu wdd ehsh j? ns/ fJ; soQK
ekoi gqDkbh ftu e[Fbsk tXkJh j?.
pj[sk eoe/, T[go fbyhnK ekw:kphnK
d/ pkti{d, otkfJsh gqpzXB s'I Jh-gqFk;B
se pdbkT[ ftu ukb{ tgkoe wkvb,
nfBZyVt/I ;hb'nK d/ wkvb ftu seBkb'ih
~ go'fJnk frnk j?. ftF/F ;oekoh ezw
eki #s/ nkXkos j/mK s'I T[`go se ikD
tkbh ftsoD eVh ftu Bhsh fBoXkoB,
piN, itkpd/jh, \?;b/ eoB ns/ ;/tk
ftsoB i[V/ j'J/ jB. d; ;kb j' rJ/
jB ns/ j[D n;hI ;wM u[Ze/ jK fe fJj
gj[zu ezw BjhI eo ojh. Jh-gqFk;B
19

gqki?eN Bkrfoe e/d

I os jB ns/ Bk fe
seBkb'ih e/fI dqs. Bkrfoe ;/tktK ftu
;[Xko bJh, ;oeko ~ ;kE d/D dh b'V
j? feT[fI e nZi tZvh u[Bs" h j? fe jo
ftGkr nkgD/ nkXkoe YKu/, vkNk e/Ido,
B?`Ntoe nkfd Bkb ;hb' d/ s"o s/ ezw
eo fojk j?. Bkrfoe ns/ tgkoh tor
;ob gqfefonktK, xZN ek|}h ezweki
ns/ tX/o/ e[Fb rZbpks Bkb ;oekoh
;{uBk ns/ ;/tktK se tX/o/ gj[zu ukj[zd/
jB. Bkrofe nkgDhnK no}hnK T[`go
buehbh, ;[ftXkiBe rZbpks, BthBsw
nkB bkJhB ;/tktK ns/ s[ozs r"o dh
T[whd eod/ jB. ifNbsk d/ ;skJ/ j'J/
Bkrfoe fiBQK ~ ;kdk fijhnK p/BshnK
bJh th eJh EkJhI gj[zu eoBh g?Idh ;h
ns/ eJh fe;w d/ ekoi g{ok j'Dk ukj[zd/
jB. go otkfJsh ;/tktK ~ fdB d/ u"th
xzN/ d/D dk youk n;hw j' ;edk j?.
pj[-u?Bb gj[zu (T[dkjoD ti'I t?`p,
\'B, FpdK ftu ;[Bj/ k ns/ ;kjwD/ fwb
e/ ;[Bj/ k) nkgDhnK b'VK ns/ g;zdK
nB[;ko fJBQK u?BbK se gj[zu pDk ;edh
j?. ;oeko you/ ~ pj[s xNk ;edh j?,
tos'IekoK ~ tZX ehws d/ u?BbK
(ftneshrs) s'I xZN you/ tkbhnK (eko'pkoh
t?p` ;kJhNK) ftu pdb e/. j'o wjZstg{oB
;'u j? ;wkfie ;wkt/F. j[D se, rohp
ns/ pj[s n;[oZfyns ;w{j jh ne;o
;oekoh ;/tktK d/ ;G s'I tZv/ tos'Ieko
jB. go fJBQK e'b seBkb'ih dh tos'I
d/ pj[s xZN ;kXB jB. seBkb'ih jZbK
d/ bkr{eoB dk nzsbk T[dF/ ;o'sK ~
w[\s eoBk, ;wkfie s"o s/ pkjo oj/
;w{jK dh wdd eoBk ns/ fv}hNb G/d
~ ysw eoBk j?.
BkrfoeK ns/ ekfwnK ~ wdd d/D
tkbh seBkb'ih bkr{ eoBk fJe wjZstg{oB
edw j? go nbZr EbZr gJhnK ;oekoh
J/iz;hnK ~ i'VBk ns/ T[BQK ftu skbw/b
pDkT[D dh u[B"sh ;kjwD/ yVQh j?.
20

ekw:kp ekor[}koh uzr/ skbw/b ns/

;{uBk ns/ ;o's ;KM/ eoB T[go fBoGo
eodh j?. nfijk eoB bJh pj[s m';
ns/ gj[zu :'r seBkb'ih fit/I fe ebkT{v
dk n;odko sohe/ gfoukbD }o{oh j?
feT[Ife fJBQK s'I fpBK tXhnk s'I tXhnk
;'u Bkb ehs/ gfoukbD ftu th ;KMhtkbsk
ns/ ;zuko ftu E'VQh fijh nVQuD Bkb
o[ektN nk ;edh j?.
seBkb'ih ftu BthBsk B/ ;oeko
dh G{fwek pko/ ns/ fe; soQK ;oekoK ~
;wki d/ torK dh ;/tk eoBh ukjhdh j?,
pko/ BthnK ;zGktBktK ns/ nkFktK g?dk
eo fdshnK jB. fJBQK ftu Fkfwb j? L
fJe fttjkoe nkJh ;h Nh
w[jJZ hnk eoB tkbk wkvb ns/ you/ xZN
eoB ns/ BthnK ;/tktK d/D bJh ebkT{v
ezfgT{fNzr.
BkrfoeK dh Gkrhdkoh ns/ s;Zbh
d/ gZXo ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D ns/ fwedko
tXkT[D bJh ;'Fb whvhnk.
nd[ZshnK gSkD seBheK tZy-tZy
J/iz;hnK ftu tX/o/ skbw/b ns/ ;{uBk
dk nkdkB gqdkB ;[fBFus eodhnK jB.
nkw nzeVk GzvkoK ns/ ;oekoh
nzeVk GzvkoK tb'I gqekFB ns/ iBse
;{uBk ftsoD se gj[zu gqdkB eoBk.
fJj pj[s }o{oh j? fe nkJh Nh
;woEktK d/ ;?`N ~ i' ;oeko dhnK
seBkb'ih b'VK dk n;b ftu X[o f;o/
dk jZb d/ ojhnK j'D, ~ fJeZmk ehsk
ikt/ ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb-Bkb nkg; ftu
T[go/FB ns/ y[ZbQg/ B dk ftek; ehsk ikt/
i' pj[-t?vI o gj[zu bJh pj[s }o{oh j?
fi; ftu ;oekoK ekor[}koh eo ojhnK
jB. seBkb'ih ns/ jZbK dk g{ok bkG
T[mkT[D bJh ;oekoh y/so ftu ;z;Ekrs
ns/ ezwekih ;fGnkuko ftu spdhbh d/
ftnkge gq'rokw dh b'V j? fi; Bkb
fJj ;[fBFfus ehsk ik ;e/ fe seBkb'ih

f;o\ ezweki d/ g[okD/ sohfenK Bkb

uzp/V BjhI fdsh rJh go fJj BkrfoeK
ns/ tgko T[go pdbkT{ n;o gkT[d
I h
j?.
Gkosh YKu/ d/ Bhw ;zxh jkbks d/
ofjzd,/ b'eszsfoe gqDkbh d/ otK ubD
bJh e/d
I o ns/ okiK ftu nkg;h ;fj:'r
}o{oh j?. fJj ;fj:'r Jh-gqFk;B ~
ekw:kph Bkb bkr{ eoB bJh th }o{oh
j?. Gkt/I Jh-gqFk;B j? iK y}kBk nwb,
Ffjoh :'iBkpzdh iK g/Iv{ ;zgoe ;VeK,
wZX gqd/F dh ;oeko jo fJe ~ ;{uBk
seBkb'ih Bkb i'V e/ ;G s'I w'joh
pD rJh j?. ]}kBk ns/ nekT{IN;
vkfJo?eN'oN/ B/ fJj :ehBh pDk fbnk j?
fe fJ; d/ 4H8 bZy eowukoh, 4H9 bZy
e?vo ns/ brGr 15,000 g?BFB XkoeK
~ ndkfJrh Jh-ndkfJrh gqDkbh okjhI
fwbdh j?. fJ; t/b/ 187 ]}kB/$T[g
]}kB/ Jh-ndkfJrh Bkb i[V/ jB.
w[Zy wzsoh rqkw ;Ve :'iBk d{ihnK
:'iBktK fit/I fe gqXkB wzsoh rqkw ;Ve
:'iBk nkfd dk wjkswk rKXh okFNoh
g/vI { o[}rko }kwBh :'iBk Bkb i'Vw/b
fJe T[dkjoD j? fiBQK okjhI gZeh ikfJdkd
fsnko j[zdh j?. wZX gqd/F d/ 50 f}fbQnK
ftu ;VeK dk fBowkD ;w{j gj[zu nXhB
ehsk ik fojk j?. jo t/b/ wkBhNfozr,
m/ed
/ koK d/ t/ot/, youk ns/ fBowkD ftu
gqrsh d/ t/ot/ nkB bkJhB d/y/ ik ;ed/
jB. oki ;oeko B/, ;oeko tb'I ubkJ/
ik oj/ o[}rko w[yh, rohph fBtkoB ns/
;wkfie ;ehwK dhnK p?Ie feFsK dh
T[rokjh dh :'iBk ubkJh j?. t?p` nkXkos
pfo;e ;kcNt/no ;G ;zpzfXs fXoK
fit/I fe sfj;hb, p?Ie Fkyk, B'vb f}bQk
Fkyk, w[yh f}bQk w?Bi/ o ns/ f}bQk eb?eNo
nkfd ~ T[rokjh d/ t/ot/ fdzdk j?.
nkBbkJhB gNtkoh gqhfynk iKu B/ fi;wkBh
ezweki goQ/ eo fdsk j? fi; Bkb ;w/I
dh pZus j'Jh j? ns/ ekor[}koh ftu th
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;[Xko j'fJnk j?. fJe bZy s'I tZX T[whdtkoK

B/ no}hnK fdshnK, fiBQK ftu'I 80,932
T[whdtkoK dh gohfynk bJh rJh. g{o/
t/ot/ nkBbkJhB T[gbpX jB. fJE/ 110
FfjoK dhnK Ffjoh ftek; :'iBktK pD
u[ZehnK jB ns/ j'o 270 fwT{;I g?fbNhnK
dhnK :'iBktK fsnko j' ojhnK jB. ;G
ftek; :'iBktK nkBbkJhB T[gbpX jB.
j/mK s'I T[go tZb dh gj[zu d/
wjZst ~ j'o pj[sk }'o BjhI fdsk ik
;edk. nkyoh jZd se gj[zuDk jo
ftek; gq'rokw Gkt/I fJj ftZsh ;wkt/F
j't/, f;js ;/tktK d/Dk iK Jh-gqFk;B
j't/, ftu fJe w[Zdk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu
Jh-f}bQk gqki?eN ftu s/}h fbnkT[D dh
b'V j?. okFNoh Jh-gqFk;B :'iBk ftu
T[bhfenk fwFB w'v gqki?eN Xhwh rsh
Bkb, tZy-tZy fdFktK ftu ub fojk j?
ns/ okFNoh e'fFF T[go w[Ffeb Bkb jh
yok T[sodk j?. f}bQ/ n;bhns ftu
;oeko d/ w[Zy jB fiE/ ;G s'I tZX
;oeko s'I T[gG'rsk se iK ih 2 ;h
rZbpks j[zdh j?. Jh-f}bQk gqki?eN fJ;
siop/ ftu ;[Xko bJh ns/ BkrfoeK ~
tXhnk ;/tktK d/D bJh f}bQk gZXo #s/
tZy-tZy ftGkrK dh ekpbhns tXkT[D
bJh ubkfJnk frnk. fJ; :'iBk nXhB,
Bkrfoe ;j{bsK e/IdoK d/ s"o s/ w[yh
d\so f}bQk, sfj;hb, ;pfvth}B ns/
pbke gZXo #s/ pDkT[D dh ;'u j?. fgzv
gZXo #s/ ;/tktK d/D bJh ;KM/ ;/tk e/Ido
(;h n?; ;h n?;) w[yh d\so d/ s"o s/
;Ekgs ehs/ ikDr/.
f}bQk gqFk;B bJh, ezweki bJh
fJe u[;s do[;s fJb?eNqkfBe ezwekih
gqDkbh Jh-f}bQ/ dh ikB j?. n;w fij/
oki ftu fJj u[B"sh Go/ }whBh jkbsK
Bkb fwb e/ d[ZrDk w[Ffeb j' iKdk j?.
n?wNo"B B/ fJj u[Bs" h ;theko ehsh ns/
r'bgkok ns/ ;'fBsg[o d/ d' f}fbQnK ftu
d; ftGkrK ~ ezweki ftu itkpd/jh,
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

ekpbhns ns/ gkodofFsk fbnkT[D dh

T[d/F g{osh bJh i'fVnk sK i' iBsk ~
tZX s'I tZX bkG fwb ;e/. Bkrfoe j[D
fv}hNb d;s]sK tkb/ dk;skt/} jk;b
eo ;ed/ jB. no}hnK ~ fwnkoh pDk
fdsk frnk j? i' g{o/ oki ftu ;KM/ ;/tk
e/IdoK$Jh-f}bQk e/IdoK ftu tos'I ehs/ ik
;ed/ jB.
okFNoh Jh-gqFk;B gq'rokw (n?B Jh
ih gh) d/ pkti{d,Gkos ftu jkb/ th JhgqpzXB ~ bkr{ eoB bJh g{oh soQK nkJh
;h Nh YKuk BjhI j?. Jh-gqpzXB ~ g{oh
soQK bkr{ eoB bJh seBheh jkovt/no
ns/ ;kcNt/no YKuk fsnko eoBk Fkfwb
j?. fJ; bJh tXhnk fe;w dk ns/ s/}
o\sko i'Vw/b ftebg th b'VhIdk j?.
Bt/I i'Vw/b ftebgK ftu Fkfwb j? l s/}
o\sko pqkvp?vI eB?eFB ns/ s/} o\sko
tkfJob?; B?`Ntoe fit/I fe 3 ih ns/
4 ih. fJ; ftu fttkd dh e'Jh r[zikfJF
BjhI fe tZy-tZy tkfJob?; seBkb'ih nkXkos
;?`b \'BK B/ ;zuko d/ y/so ftu Gkos
ftu eqKsh fbnk fdsh j?. go fJj ;?`b
\'B seBkb'ih ~ g/Iv{ y/soK ftu pqkvp?Iv
vkNk eB?efNftNh d/D bJh fJ; dh T[`uh
ehws ns/ r[zMbdko j'D ekoB ek\h
wksok ftu BjhI tofsnk frnk. j[D
fJj ikDekoh fwbh j? fe d/F dhnK ;G
2 bZy 50 j}ko gzukfJsK ~ Btzpo
2013 se pqkvp?vI eB?efNftNh d/ fdsh
ikt/rh. id'I se skbw/b BjhI pDdk,
e'Jh Jh-gqpzXB ;j{bs dh ;'u th fet/I
;edk j?.
j[D n;hI nfij/ i[Zr ftu jK fiE/
seBkb'ih gfjbK Bkb'I tZX nkg;h i'Vw/b
w[jZJhnk eok ojh j? ns/ fwnkoK #s/
nkXkos i'Vw/b gfjbK Bkb'I pj[s nfXe
pD frnk j?. n;hI nZr/ tXD bJh
tX/o/ YKukrs gj[zu ngDk ;ed/ jK.
ekw:kp Jh-gqFk;B dh fit/I fe fJ; dh
fJpkos ftu jh j?, ;oekoh szso ti'I

nrtkJh eoBh ukjhdh j?. fBZih GkJhtkb,

wkjo seBheh ;jkfJsk d/ e/ fJ; ftu
fjZ;k gk ;ed/ jB. Gkos ;oeko ftu
;{uBk seBkb'ih gfjbK N[efVnK ftu
j[zdh ojh fiBQK ftu ;'u dh xkN ;h ns/
Bshi/ ti'I f;ZN/ th xZN fwb/. BthI fe;w
d/ iBse-fBZih nkXko pj[s xZN jB ns/
fJ; T[go w[V ftuko dh b'V j?.
g{ o h d[ B hnK ftu iBse-fBZ i h
;KM/dkohnK nkw s"o s/ Jh-gqFk;B ;/tktK
ns/ gq'rokwK bJh e[Fb, s/} o\sko ns/
gkfJdko fv}kJhB ns/ ftsoD bJh }o{oh
jB. ftek;Fhb d/FK ftu Jh-gqFk;B
gfjbK ftu ftZsh ;o'sK dh xkN, ;oeko
ftu ;woEk ns/ w[jkos dk BhtK gZXo
ns/ uzr/ ezw bJh gq/oe YKu/ dk Bk j'D
fijhnK ewhnK jB. Gkos th fJ; s'I
tZyok BjhI j?. iBse-fBZih ;KM/dkohnK
fJBQK ftu'I eJh nVQuBK ~ d{o eoB ftu
;jkJh j' ;edhnK jB ns/ Bkb-Bkb
fBZih y/so bJh tX/o/ w"e/ th fwb ;ed/
jB.
iBse-fBZih GkJhtkbh eJh fe;w
dh j' ;edh j? fit/I fe pDkT[, oZy' ns/
ubkT[.pDkT[, oZy', ubkT[ ns/ pdbh
eo'. ]k; ;w/I bJh pDkT[, oZy' ns/
pdbh eo' fi; ~ fonkfJsh m/ek th
fejk iKdk j?. ;KM/ ndko/, fBZih ftZsh
gfjb (gh n?c nkJh). wjZstg{oB g{zih
fBt/Fe Bkb GkJhtkbh ftu noX fBZih
nkfd. fJ; ;'u fgS/ iBse y/so dh
Y[ethI itkpd/jh ns/ fBZih y/so dh
e[Fbsk dk ;[wb
/ j? i' yso/ ~ th
cb;o{g ;KM/ s"o s/ MZbD. fBZih y/so
bJh ]so/ ~ xZN eoB ns/ ekor[}koh
ftu e[Fbsk fbnkT[D bJh fJj wjZstg{oB
j? fe fwnko fwE/ ikD. Gkos ;oeko
nZi eZbQ fwnko gqpzXB fwED bJh i[Nh
j'Jh j? ns/ nzso nwb, seBheh ns/
;[oZfynk fwnko fwED bJh eJh yoV/
fsnko ehs/ rJ/ jB.
21

;w[Zuh d[BhnK dk siopk dZ;dk j?

fe ;{uBk seBkb'ih nfijk y/so j? i'
iBse-fBZih GkJhtkbh bJh pj[s Y[etK
j? fit/I fe vokJhftzr bkfJ;z;, T[gG'rsk
;/tktK d/ fpbK dk G[rskB, }whBh foekovK
dk gqpzXB nkfd d/ y/so ftu. ;oekoh
y/so tb'I ;{uBk seBkb'ih ftu fBt/F
w"e/ d/ s"o s/ wfjzrk j? feT[fI e gqtF/
bJh g{zih ns/ ;w/I ns/ d/yo/y dh xkN
j?. fJBQK dk ;{uBk seBkb'ih ftu fBt/F
fpBK FZe d{i/ ftek; ekoiK fit/I fe gkDh
dh ;j{bs, ;k\-;\kJh, f;js, xo, T[sgkdB
seBkb'ih ns/ w[jkos ftek; nkfd bJh
fBt/F pj[s ;'u ;wM e/ eoBk gt/rk.
T[dkjoD ti',I nKXo gqdF/ ;oeko B/
nkgDh Fesh ftF/ t;s{ g?dk eoB ns/
vkNkp/; ~ fv}hNb eoB T[go brkJh j?
sK i' eko'pkoh b?D-d/D fBZih y/so bJh
b[GkT[Dk j' ;e/. T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/
NftB} gqki?eN dh Fos ftu, gkfJbN
gqki?eN dh ekw:kph pknd, BkrfoeK ~
;/tktK d/D bJh fBZih y/so d/ GkJhtkbK
~ Fkfwb ehsk frnk j?. nkXkoe YKuk
yVQk eoB bJh, ;oekoK B/ fBZih y/so
g{zih fBt/F ~ b[GkT[D bJh, G{wh fijhnK
ikfJdkdK ~ fJ; Bkb i'fVnk j? sK i'
jkJhN?e f;Nh fijhnK ;j{bsK ;Ekgs
ehshnK ik ;eD. fJ;/ soQK, ;oeko B/
s/} o\sko n"gNheb ckJhpo B?`Ntoe
ftu g{zih fBt/F ~ fyZuD bJh okfJfbNh
w[es sohek w[jJZ hnk eokfJnk j?. nfij/
B?`NtoeK dh GftZy ftu ;zGkts tos'I B/
tgkoe T[g:'rsk ftu tkXk ehsk j?.
Jh-gqFk;B ftu ekw:kph jk;b eoB
bJh ;oeko, BkrfoeK ns/ fBZih y/so
ftueko ;orow GkJhtkbh dh b'V j?.
Jh-gqFk;B gq'rokwK ~ nkgD/ rkjeK e'b'I
brksko chvp?e ns/ fJBg[N dh b'V j?,
BkrfoeK, tgkoe ndkfonK ns/ eqwukohnK
e'b'I th i/ fJb?eNqkfBe iBse ;/tktK dh
tos'I eod/ jB. fJ; bJh Jh-gqpzXB ;G
22

;zpzfXs fXoK, ;oekoh ns/ |?o ;oekoh

tb'I fwbi[b e/ ehsh fJe ebgBk j?, i'
fJ; ebgBk ~ ;koEe eoB bJh fwbi[b
e/ ezw eo oj/ jB.
(b/ye ;eku ro[Zg dk u/now?B ns/
w[Zy ;zgkde @fJBeb[}B# j?.)
;\k 18 dh pkeh

b'eK bJh xZN-' xZN 3000 ;jkfJe T[geoB

f;oi/ rJ/. ;kXBjhD fJ;sohnK bJh
eJh f;ybkJh e'o;K dk nk:'iB ehsk
frnk.
gkodoFh gqfsg[FNh gqDkbh bJh
;z;Ekrs Gkrhdkoh L nk\s gqpzXB
tZy-tZy ;N/e j'bvoK d/ gqpzXB dh
d/yGkb bJh seBheh ftzr, gqki?eN fBohyD
fJekJh, :'iBktK ns/ f;ybkJh nkfd gqdkB
eodk j?. nk\s gqpzXB Bkb fBgND
bJh BhshnK ns/ j'o f}nkdk ekpb/
s;dhe gq'rokw bJh e[M gqwkfDe y'i
gqdkB eoB tk;s/ r[ioks fJz;NhuhT{N
cko vhik;No w?B/iw?IN torhnK ftfdne
;z;EktK th Fkfwb jB. nk\s gqpzXB
dh ;w[Zuh fefonk ftu ;bkjeko p'ovK
ns/ ;bkjeko g?BbK B/ g{oh soQK wdd
ehsh j?. fJBQK ;G s'I fJbktk ;w[dkfJe
Fw{bhns B/ r[ioks d/ G{ukb gqGkfts
fJbkfenK ~ w[V T[;koB ftu pj[s
;cbsk jkf;b ehsh j?. jo/e f}bQ/ ftu
fFekfJs fBgNkok gqDkbh dh ;EkgBk ehsh
rJh j? sK fe b'eK ~ nkgDhnK fFekfJsK
tk;s/ fJe wzu fwb ;e/. fJ; wkwb/
bJh f}bQk iZiK dh fB:[esh th ehsh rJh
j?.
oki gqpzX ftu BthBsk L r[ioks
G{ukb g[Botk; oki ftu eJh gfjbedwhnK
Bkb ]k; d/ s"o s/ fBt/ebk fd;dk j? i'
xoK dh w[V T[;koh bJh @wkbe ;zukbs#
gqfefonktK #s/ ep}/dko j?. r[ioks ;oeko
dh wekB T[;koh Bhsh wkbe ;zukbs d/
f;XKs #s/ nkXkfos j?. fJ; gj[uz nB[;ko,
xo wkbe dh fJZSk nB[;ko xoK dk

ft;sko eo ;ed/ jB go tkX{ you/ dk

p'M wkbe B/ u[ZeDk j[zdk j?. ;oeko
T[;koh d/ xZN-' xZN y/so bJh jh ;jkfJsk
gqdkB eodh j?. ;jkfJsk ~ bkrs d/
s"o s/ BjhI ftukfonk iKdk go gfotko
bJh xZN-' xZN ;[ofZ yns T[;koh bJh ;jkfJsk
ti'I d/fynk iKdk j?.

f;Z N k
e[Fb gqFk;B ;oeko dh w}p{s
gqfspZXsk Bkb ;kjwD/ nkT[d
I k j? fiE/
;koh gqfspZXsk b'eK ~ fXnkB ftu oZy e/
ehsh iKdh j?. d'BK wkwfbnK d/ nfXn?B
ftu ekch ;kohnK uh}K ;KMhnK jB. oki
gqpzX ftu ;[Xko bJh BhshnK, ek~B,
fB:w ns/ gq'rokw nkfd }o{oh jB i'
gqFk;B d/ fB:wK ~ gZfenK eod/ jB
ns/ gfoDkw jk;b eoB bJh fB:wK dh
skwhb tk;s/ tX/o/ gqfspZXsk wjZstg{oB
j?. ek~B$fB:w dh gkbDk bJh b'VhId/
;z;Ekrs gqpzXK d"okB nkw b'eK dh
Fw{bhns$Gkrhdkoh ~ T[sFkfjs ehsk
ikDk ukjhdk j?. gqki?eNK ns/ gq'rokwK
dh :'iBkpzdh, gkbDk ns/ fBohyD dh
gqfefonk dk fte/IdoheoB eoBk ;w/I dh
wzr j?. fJZSs T[dF/ K ~ jkf;b eoB
bJh gqFk;B d/ yVQ/ dkn ns/ b/Nt/I dkn
YKu/ ~ skbw/b Bkb ezw eoBk ukjhdk
j? sK fe e[Fb gqFk;B :ehBh pD
;e/. iBse Bhsh (fJZSs ;oekoh s;tho)
ns/ nwb (n;b ftu) ftu f}nkdk
gkVk BjhI j'Dk ukjhdk ns/ fJBQK ~ tZytZy d/yDk ukjhdk j?. fJBQK dh gkbDk
bJh ;Ekfgs ehshnK rJhnK ;z;EktK ~
ukjhdk j? fe T[j J/eheoB dk gqdoFB
eoB ns/ d'BK ftueko w"i{dk gkV/ ~
ysw eoB. fJ; soQK eoB Bkb gkodoFh,
fGqFNkuko w[es, edoK ehwsK ns/ B?fsesk
#s/ nkXkfos gqFk;B ~ pb fwb ;edk
j?.
(b/ y e gq ' H , B? F Bb fJz ; NhfuT{ N nk\
fv;nk;No w?B/iw?IN j?.)

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

e[Fb gqFk;B

e[Fb gqFk;B d/ wkgdzv

i;tzs f;zx nwB

gz

b'eszsoh gqDkbh ftu

gqFk;B dh e[Fbsk j'o
th wjZstg{oB j' iKdh
j? feT[Ife ;oeko f;ZX/
o{g ftu iBsk ~ itkpd/j
j[zdh j?. go iBsk Bkb
T[; dk okpsk B"eoFkjh
okjhI j[zdk j?. ;{uBk
seBkb' i h ns/ nktkikJh d/
;kXBK ftu nkJh eqKsh B/
;z;ko ~ ;Zuw[u fJe fgzv
pDk fdsk j?. ;gZFN j?
fe okFNoh ;oekoK
nkgD/ nkg ~ d/F dh
iBsk gqfs itkpd/j th
wfj;{ ; eodhnK jB.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

ikph-nz r o/ } h Fpd-e' F ftu

gqFk;B d/ ;wkBkoEe d' nzro/}h
Fpd fwbd/ jB - n?vfwfB;NqF/ B ns/
rtoB?;I . Gkt/I d'tI/ fJe d{i/ d/ fJzB
fpzB pdb BjhI jB go ne;o jo EK
fJj d't/I Fpd ;wkBkoEe jh tos/ iKd/
jB. fJ; ~ fXnkB ftu oZyd/ j'J/
ftFt p?Ie tb'I rtoB?I; bJh tosh iKdh
gfoGkFk ~ n;hI n;kBh Bkb gqFk;B
bJh th tos ;ed/ jK. ftFt p?eI
nB[;ko gqFk;B (iK rtoB?I;) oki;h ;Zsk
ns/ ;z;Ekswe ;kXBK dh tos'I j? fi;
dk T[d/F ;wki dhnK ;wZf;nktK ~
;[bMkT[Dk j?. fJ; gfoGkFk nB[;ko gqFk;B
dk f;ZXk ;zpzX oki;h ;Zsk dh tos'I ns/
;wki dh GbkJh ns/ fJ; dhnK ;wZf;nktK
d/ ;[bMkT[D bJh j'Dh }o{oh j?. fJj th
fejk iKdk j? fe rtoB?I; (gqFk;B) dk
;zpXz T[BKQ \?;fbnK Bkb j? i' nk;K$T[whdK
~ gfoGkFs eod/ jB, ;Zsk$skes gqdkB
eod/ jB ns/ T[BQK dh skwhb dk
w[ZbzeD eod/ jB
fJfsjk;e fdqFNh s'I d/yhJ/ sK gqFk;B
d/ w[ZbzeD dh gqEk e'Jh BthI BjhI j?.
S'N/ j[zfdnK n;hI ejkDhnK ;[Dd/ oj/ jK
fe @@fJe okik ;h, T[j oks ~ G/; pdb
e/ nkgD/ oki ftu x[zwdk ;h.## G/;
pdb e/ x[zwD dk T[; dk T[dF/ fJjh
j[zdk ;h fe T[j iBsk d/ d[Zy ns/
sebh\K dk gsk brk ;e/ ns/ ;oekoh
eowukohnK (gqFk;B) d/ ezw eoB s/

sohe/ dk w[ZbzeD eo ;e/. fit/I-fit/I

;wki B/ ftek; ehsk, ftneshrs o{g
ftu fJ; soQK w[ZbzeD w[Ffeb j[zdk
frnk. oki/ th ;ko/ fJ; soQK iBsk dk
f]nkb oZyD tkb/ BjhI j[zd/ ;B. fJfsjk;
ftu eJh okfinK, pkdFkjK d/ T[b/y jB
i' nkgD/ n?F'-nkokw ftu jh w;s ofjzd/
;B - fit/I ejkts j?, @@id'I o'w ;V fojk
;h sK Bho' pz;oh tik fojk ;h.##
b'eszsoh gqDkbh ftu gqFk;B dh
e[Fbsk j'o th wjZstg{oB j' iKdh j?
feT[Ife ;oeko f;ZX/ o{g ftu iBsk ~
itkpd/j j[zdh j?. go iBsk Bkb T[;
dk okpsk B"eoFkjh okjhI j[zdk j?. ;{uBk
seBkb'ih ns/ nktkikJh d/ ;kXBK ftu
nkJh eqKsh B/ ;z;ko ~ ;Zuw[u fJe fgzv
pDk fdsk j?. ftek; dhnK b'VK B/ d/FK
~ pkjo'I g{zih dk gqpzX eoB bJh th
wip{o ehsk j?. ;gZFN j? fe okFNoh
;oekoK nkgD/ nkg ~ d/F dh iBsk d/
gqfs itkpd/j th wfj;{; eodhnK jB.
fijVhnK ;z;EktK ns/ d/F ftek; bJh
g{zih w[jZJhnk eokT[Id/ jB - Gkt/I T[j
eof}nK d/ o{g ftu j't/ iK ;jkfJsk d/
o{g ftu, g{zih ns/ ftZsh ;kXBK dh ;jh
tos'I ftu T[BQK dh f;ZXh fdbu;gh j[zdh
j?. fJ; bJh fe;/ th d/F d/ gqFk;B dk
e[Fb j'Dk nfsnzs }o{oh j?.
T[go'es fgS'eV ftu ;z;ko d/ fte;s
d/FK ns/ nzsookFNoh ftZsh ;z;EktK B/
e[Fb gqFk;B d/ e[ZM wkgdzv fBoXkfos
23

ehs/ jB.

2005 dh ftFt ekBcoz;

ftu ;z;ko d/ B/sktK B/ fJj
Bshik eZ f Ynk fe nkofEe
ftek;, rohph ns/ G[ Z y woh
fwNkT[ D ns/ fBoz s o ftek;
:ehBh pDkT[D bJh e[Fb
gq F k;B p[ f Bnkdh iK w[ Y bh
}o{os j?. T[BQK B/ ;zfwbs
gqFk;B ~ fJ; bJh ;G s'I
wjZ s tg{ o B e;" N h wz f Bnk.
fJ; s'I Gkt fJj j? fe
BkrfoeK ~ \?;bk b?D dh
gq f efonk ftu noE-Gog{ o
sohe/ Bkb Gkr b?D bJh
nfXfeqs ehsk ikt/. T[BQK ~
;{uBk dk nfXeko th fdsk
ikt/ ns/ \?;bk b?D dh
gqfefonk T[s/ gqFB g[ZSD dk
nfXeko th fdsk ikt/.
Gkosh ;zdoG ftu d/yhJ/
sK fgSb/ djke/ ftu ;{uBk
dk nfXeko ek~B pDBk
e[Fb gqFk;B tZb fJe
wjZ s tg{ o B edw j? .
e[Fb gqFk;B d/ e[ZM wjZstg{oB
wkgdzv ftFt gZXo T[s/ gqtkBs ehs/ rJ/
jB i' Gkos bJh th Y[et/I jB. nkU
d/yhJ/ T[j fejV/ jB L
f}zw/tkoh L gqFk;fBe iK ;oekoh
eowukohnK ~ fe;/ ezw dh f}zw/tkoh
;gDk w[Ybk edw j?. fJj f}zw/tkoh
fpbe[b ;gZFN j'Dh ukjhdh j? sK fe
;zpzfXs eowukoh ~ fJ; pko/ e'Jh G[by/ k
Bk oj/. fJj ;[fBFus j'Dk th }o{oh j?
fe fJ; dh gkbDk ftu p/bV' h d]bnzdk}h
th Bk j't./
24

itkpd/jh L f}zw/tkoh s/ itkpd/jh

fJe d{i/ d/ g{oe jB. itkpd/jh d/
fpBK f}zw/tkoh dk e'Jh noE BjhI ofj
iKdk ns/ gqFk;B p/brkw x'V/ tKr
j' fBpVdk j?. b'eszso ftu nzfsw
itkpd/jh sK iBsk gqfs jh j? ns/ iBsk
~ nkgD/ fJ; jZe gqfs ;[u/s j'Dk
nfsnzs }o{oh j?.
? ns/
gkodofFsk L \?;bk b?D
bkr{ eoB dh gqfefonk ftu b'VhIdh
gkodofFsk j'Dh ukjhdh j?, fJ; d/ fpBK
itkpd/jh dk e'Jh noE BjhI ofj iKdk.
;{uBk nfXeko ek~B gkodofFsk fbnkT[D
tZb fJe wjZstg{oB edw j?.
:'rsk L e[Fb gqFk;B bJh
;zpfz Xs eowukohnK$nfXekohnK dh :'rsk
th pj[s wjZstg{oB eVh j?. fJ; bJh
T[BQK dh u'D bJh gqGktFhb wkgdzv
s? eoBk ns/ T[BQK dh ;]sh Bkb
gkbDk eoBk pj[s }o{oh j?. T[dkjoD
bJh, gqkfJwoh nfXnkge ~ ekbi d/
ftfdnkoEhnK ~ gVQkT[D bJh BjhI bkfJnk
ik ;edk.
fBog/ysk L gqFk;fBe \?;fbnK
ftu fBogZysk e[Fb gqFk;B dk X[ok j?.
gZygksh \?;b/ nfBnKg{oB jh BjhI j[zd,/
fJj iBsk ftu o'; th g?dk eod/ jB
fi; Bkb eJh tko nwB ek~B dh
jkbs th ftrV iKdh j?.
gqfspZXsk L ;zpzfXs eowukohnK
dh ek~B, fBnK ns/ d/F gqfs gqfspZXsk
gqFk;B ftu e[Fbsk :ehBh pDkT[d
I h j?
ns/ T[BQK ~ fBozso gqo/ Bk gqdkB eodh
j?.
}who iK ftt/e L e'Jh th
ek~B Bekok j' ;edk j? i/ wB[Zy ftt/e
Bkb ezw Bk bt/ ns/ nkgDh nzsonkswk
~ ;tZS Bk oZy./ ftt/e dh nDj'd
I ftu
fBogZysk$pokpoh d/ fB:w bkr{ eoBk
n"yk j' iKdk j?. nzsonkswk dh nktk}

;[DB bJh e'Jh ek~B sK BjhI pDkfJnk

ik ;edk go e[Fb gqFk;B bJh fJj
fJe nfsnzs b'VhIdk r[D j? i' ;wki
ftu ftnkge ns/ w"i{d nkw fBogZysk
ns/ ek~B dh gkbDk ftu'I jh T[rwdk
j?. fijV/ ;wkiK ftu f;ftb ;';kfJNh
Gkt nkw Bkrfoe ek~B dh gkbDk gqfs
T[dk;hB j?, T[BQK ;wkiK ftu gqFk;B
:ehBB nkswk ftjhD ns/ nfsnkukoh j'
ikt/rk.
fJj fXnkB ftu oZyD dh b'V j?
fe Gkt/I e[Fb gqFk;B d/ wkgdzv fBoXkos
eoB bJh ek~B$fB:w }o{oh jB go
f;o\ ek~BK iK fB:wK Bkb jh e[Fb
gqFk;B ;[fBFfus BjhI ehsk ik ;edk.
T[dkjoD bJh, ;kv/ d/F ftu BfFnK dh
o'eEkw, Go{D jZfsnk dh o'eEkw ns/
dki fto'Xh ek~B$fB:w w"i{d j'D d/
pkti{d gqFk;B fJBQK p[okJhnk ~ o'eD
ftu p[oh soQK n;cb j'fJnk j?. fizBh
d/o fB:wK dh ;jh gkbDk eoe/ T[BQK ~
gqfspZXsk ns/ ftt/e Bkb bkr{ BjhI ehsk
iKdk, e[Fb gqFk;B fJe fwqr fsqFBk pD
e/ jh ofj ikt/rk.
e[Fb gqFk;B dh g?wkfJF nkgD/
nkg ftu fJe w[Ffeb ns/ r[zMbdko
ezw j?. fJ; d/ pkti{d ftFt p?eI ns/
ftFt p?eI fJz;NhfuT{N B/ fJe gqki?eN
fsnko ehsk j? @@tobv tkJhv rtoB?I;
fJzvhe/No;## fi; ftu j/m fby/ nk:kw b?
e/ fe;/ d/F d/ gqFk;B dh r[DtZsk wkgh
iKdh j? L
b'eK dh nktk} ns/ itkpd/jh.
oki;h ;fEosk ns/ fjz;k dh
nDj'Id.
gqFk;fBe gqGktFhbsk.
fB:zsoe r[DtZsk.
ek~B dk oki.
fGqFNkuko T[`s/ ekp{.
pkeh ;\k 26 T[`s/

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

e[Fb gqFk;B

gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dk w;bk

okidftzdo f;zx f;ZX{

nk

ekoigkfbek, B" e oFkjh

dk B? f se fttjko, oki
gqpzX dh iBse gqtkBrh,
ek~B dk Fk;B, gkodoFsk,
;{uBk dh ;[szsosk, wB[Zyh
nfXekoK dh okyh ns/
;[ s z s o fBnKgkfbek tXhnk
gqFk;B dhnK w[Zy
ftF/ F sktK jB. gq F k;B
dh j'Id b'e GbkJh #s/
fNeh j'Jh j?. fJ; dk
w[Zy fBFkBk b'eK dh ;zs[FNh
ftu tkXk eoBk j?. ;oeko
d/ ftek; ekoiK ftu b'eK
dh Fw{bhns }o{oh j?.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

X[fBe i[r
Z ftu gqFk;B ;ZfGne
;wki dk w[Zy nkXko j?. i/
b'e gqFk;B n;cb j' iKdk j? sK
nkX[fBe ;wki ns/ ;ZfGnsk dk ;kok
YKuk spkj j' iKdk j?. gqFk;B ns/
fJ; d/ nkgD/ BkrfoeK Bkb ;zpzXK s'I jh
nkX[fBe b'eszsoh ;oekoK d/ gZXo ns/
gqFk;B dh ekoi e[Fbsk ~ gofynk ik
;edk j?. oki ;oeko dh e[Fbsk bJh
Fk;B jh ekch BjhI ;r'I fJe ;dkukoh
gqFk;B th }o{oh j?. gqFk;B dh e[Fbsk
nzefVnK Bkb BjhI Bkgh ik ;edh. fJj
BkrfoeK ns/ ;zrmBK d/ ;fj:'r ns/
Fw{bhns #s/ fBoGo eodh j?. ekoigkfbek,
B"eoFkjh dk B?fse fttjko, oki gqpzX
dh iBse gqtkBrh, ek~B dk Fk;B,
gkodoFsk, ;{uBk dh ;[szsosk, wB[Zyh
nfXekoK dh okyh ns/ ;[szso fBnKgkfbek
tXhnk gqFk;B dhnK w[Zy ftF/FsktK jB.
gqFk;B dh j'Id b'e GbkJh #s/ fNeh j'Jh
j?. fJ; dk w[Zy fBFkBk b'eK dh ;zs[FNh
ftu tkXk eoBk j?. ;oeko d/ ftek;
ekoiK ftu b'eK dh Fw{bhns }o{oh j?.
efbnkDekoh oki dh XkoBk d/ j'Id
ftu nkT[D s'I pknd oki d/ ezwK ftu
nEkj tkXk j'fJnk j?. ftFt gZXo #s/
jo/e oki;h gqpzX nkgD/-nkg ftu ;zg{oB
BjhI j[zdk. b'eK dhnK ne;o fFekfJsK
ofjzdhnK jB fe ;oeko T[BQK dhnK
T[whdK ns/ nkFktK nB[;ko ezw BjhI eo
ojh. shih d[BhnK d/ fgSV/ d/FK ftu

;wZf;nktK j'o th rzGho jB. gqf;ZX

gqFk;eh ftukoe for} nB[;ko, @@fJBQK
d/FK ftu GkJh-Gshiktkd, pj[-;zgodkfJ
;wki, pj[-edoK ehwsK, ;Zsk ftu ;zpzXK
dk Bk j'Dk ns/ nkofEe wkwfbnK
ftu pk}ko-ezNhB wkvb gkfJnk iKdk j?
noEks- ;/tktK dh fteoh j[zdh j?.
nkgD/ foFs/dkoK ns/ ikDekoK ~ xZN
ns/ d{finK ~ tZX doK #s/ ;/tktK t/uhnK
iKdhnK jB.##
poskBth ;kwoki s'I nk}kd j'J/
f}nkdkso d/FK ftu b'eszsoh ;oekoK
dk fBowkD ehsk frnk j?. b'eszsoh
;oeko dk noE BkrfoeK dh gqFk;B
ftu f}nkdk s'I f}nkdk Gkrhdkoh j?.
gzi ;kb pknd fJe tko t'N gkT[D dk
nfXeko Gkrhdkoh j? ! i/ gqFk;eh gqfefonk
ftu BkrfoeK dh Fw{bhns tX/rh sK
gqFk;B ftu BkrfoeK dk ftFtk; th
tX/rk. BkrfoeK dhnK gqFk;B gqfs xZN
s'I xZN fFekfJsK j'D Bkb jh ;wkfie
sDkn xNdk j?. ;wkfie sDkn tXD
Bkb ;wkfie ftt;Ek ns/ okiBhse ;fEosk
~ ]sok g?dk j' ;edk j?. ;w[Zu/ d/F
ftu gqFk;B b'eK dhnK fJZSktK #s/ g{ok
BjhI T[so fojk. gqFk;B ftu bkb
chskFkjh, fGqFNkuko, ek~Bh nfVZe/ ns/
c}{b youh B"eoFkjh dhnK p[okJhnK
wzBhnK iKdhnK jB. p/FeZ iBse gqfsfBXK
d/ nk;o/ ekch jZd se BkrfoeK dh
n\;oFkjh se gj[zu tXh j? go nk}kdh
25

s'I pknd iBse gqfsfBXK dh G{fwek

brksko pdb ojh j?. okiBhshtkBn\;oFkjh ns/ wk\hnk dk Bkgke rZmi'V
;Ekgs j' u[Zek j? fi; d/ cb;o{g nkw
BkrfoeK ~ gqFk;eh ;/tktK b?D ftu
pj[s gq/FkBh nkT[Idh j?. tXdk fGqFNkuko
ns/ \?;b/ b?D ftu d/oh Bkb nkw
nkdwh ;[yktK wfj;{; BjhI eo fojk j?.
nk}kdh s'I pknd Gkos ftu 100
s'I f}nkdk ;zftXkBe ;'XK j' u[ZehnK jB
ns/ nDfrDs ek~B pD oj/ jB. fJ;
d/ w[ekpb/ nwohek d/ ;zftXkB ftu 200
;kbK s'I tZX ;w/I ftu e/tb 26 ;'XK jh
j'JhnK jB. NkJh;N dk eEB j?, @@fizBk
d/F fGQFN j'tr
/ k T[B/ jh T[E/ f}nkdk
ek~B j'Dr/.## okFNoh ;oeko d[nkok
;{uBk dk nfXeko, f;Zfynk dk nfXeko,

gq F k;B ftu wkBtheoB

dh GktBk }o{oh j?. fJj
nkswk ofjs :zso BjhI j?.
i/ e' J h nfXekoh$eowukoh
tXhnk Bshi/ d/ fojk j? sK
T[; ~ ek~B d/ :zso Bkb
BjhI BkgDk ukjhdk. uz r /
gqFk;e wkV/ gqpzX ~ ezw
eoB :'r pDk fdzd/ jB
ns/ n:'r gqFk;e uzr/
gqpzX ~ c/bQ eo fdzdk j?.
gq F k;fBe nfXekoh ;oeko
dh ohVQ dh jZvh j[zd/ jB.
;oeko dhnK rbs BhshnK
th gq F k;fBe nfXekohnK
d/ ezw ftu o[ektN g?dk
eodhnK jB. ;oeko dhnK
BhshnK ftu ne;o nkgk
fto'X pj[s gkfJnk iKdk j?.
26

;\k 24 dh pkeh

nkXko ekov ns/ oki ;oeko d[nkok

;j{bs e/d
I o, cod e/d
I o ns/ fB:sekbh
;/tktK dk nfXeko ns/ Jh-fpfbzr okjhI
gqFk;fBe ;[Xko tXhnk T[gokbk j?. fJBQK
dh ;cbsk bJh okiBhshtkBK dh ;[fjodsk
ns/ nfXekohnK dh ftt/eFhbsk dh f}nkdk
b'V j[zdh j? feT[fI e Fk;B ek~BK okjhI
BjhI ubkfJnk iKdk.
gzikp ftu fgSb/ tfoQnK s'I gqFk;fBe
;[XkoK bJh ;oeko d[nkok :sB ehs/ ik
oj/ jB. fJBQK gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh
gVu'b eoB s'I gsk brdk j? fe rohB
gzikp fwFB, ;j{bs e/d
I o ns/ cod
e/IdoK dh ;j{bs s'I fJbktk M'Bk 10 i{B
s'I pknd brkT[D bJh ek~B jh ekw:kp
gqFk;eh ;[Xko j'fJnk j?. oki ftu
gbk;fNe d/ fb\kf\nK dk fybkok, FfjoK
ftu ;VeK #s/ BkikfJ} ep}/, ;VeK #s/
nktkok gF{nK dk w;bk, gokbh ~ nZr
bkT[Dk, BkikfJ} ekb'BhnK, ;/b N?e;
u'oh, ;kJhB p'ov s/ p?Bo gqFk;B bJh
tzrko jB.
nZi gqFk;B ftu BthnK T[;ko{
gqfefonktK ngDkT[D dh b'V j?. fB:w
ns/ gqfefonktK nk;kB eo e/ \?;bk
fBowkD s/} eoB dh b'V j?. fJ; s'I
fJbktk fBFkfBnK ~ gqfefonktK s'I tZX
soihj fdsk ikDk th pj[s }o{oh j?.
;oeko d[nkok JhwkBdko, g/F/ gqfs tuBpZXsk
ns/ tXhnk ekor[}koh tkb/ nfXekohnK
dhnK pdbhnK ns/ s?BkshnK okiBhsh s'I
gqf/ os Bk j'D. iBse ;/tk tZb xZN
M[ekn oZyD tkb/ nfXekohnK dh SKNh
ehsh ikt/. nZi ftFt gZXo #s/ Fk;eK
;kjwD/ nkofEe, okiBhse, ;wkfie ns/
nfstkd ;zpzXh rzGho u[Bs" hnK jB. fJBQK
u[B"shnK dk ;kjwDk eoB bJh oki
;oekoK ~ gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh nfjw
b'V j?.

Gkos tZb t/yhJ/ sK nk}kdh s'I

pknd gfjb/ e[M ;kbK ~ SZv dJhJ/ sK
gqFk;fBe e[Fbsk mhe-mke BjhI ejh ik
;edh. fJ; dk gqw[Zy ekoB j? nzro/}h
oki ;w/I bkr{ gqFk;fBe gqDkbh ~ nk}kdh
s'I pknd th fiT[I dk fsT[I ngDk b?Dk.
e[M th ejhJ/, nk}kdh gqkgs eo b?D d/
i'F ftu n;hI fJe wjZstg{oB ;[Xko
nkgDh gqFk;fBe gqDkbh ftu fbnkT[D s'I
n;hI T[`e rJ/ - T[j ;h fJ; gqDkbh ~
pdbhnK j'JhnK ;fEshnK d/ nB[o{g
pDkT[Dk. fJ; T[ekJh dk Bshik fJj
j'fJnk fe ;kv/ gqFk;B ftu'I fBogZysk
ns/ ftt/e fBozso xNd/ rJ/. gqfspZXsk
d/F d/ ek~B Bkb Bk j' e/, ftneshnK
ns/ nkgD/ fjZsK Bkb tXdh rJh.
f}zw/tkohnK ns/ FeshnK sK tXdhnK
rJhnK go itkpd/jh j"bh-j"bh r[mZ / brdh
rJh. fi; dk Bshik n;hI d/y oj/ jK
fe fgSb/ d' djkfenK ftu fBozso ftek;
d/ pkti{d d/F ftu rohph, G[Zywoh,
e[g'FD ns/ fGqFNkuko th fBozso tXd/
rJ/.
fgSb/ tfoQnK ftu oki;h bhvofFg
B/ Gkosh gqFk;B ftu fJj tZvk yZgk
wfj;{; ehsk j? ns/ ;{uBk nfXeko ns/
;/tk nfXeko tor/ ek~B pDkJ/ rJ/
jB. Jh rtoB?;I th fJ; gk;/ pVh
wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGk ;edh j?. go
fit/I gfjbK fejk frnk j?, e/tb ek~B
pDkT[D Bkb rZb BjhI pDBh - gqFk;fBe
e[Fbsk bJh ;G s'I b'VhIdk gZy j? ek~BK
dh fBogZysk Bkb gkbDk ns/ gqGktFkbh
itkpd/jh. fgSb/ e[M ;kbK d/ nB[Gt ~
d/yfdnK fejk ik ;edk j? fe d/F dh
bhvofFg j[D fJ; b'V gqfs u/szB j? ns/
S/sh jh Gkosh Bkrfoe e[Fb gqFk;B ~
nkgD/ jZe ti'I gqkgs eo ;eDr/.

(b/ye ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)

(b/ye ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)

e-mail :rajdavindersinghsidhu@gmail.com

e-mail :jaswantsinghaman@yahoo.com

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

e[Fb gqFk;B

e[Fb s/ ;[yktK gqFk;B

wB'jo f;zx psok

e[

w" i { d k gq ; fEshnK ftu

;oeko, ftXkB gkfbek,
fBnK gkfbek, whvhnk,
fBZih y/so, ;oekoh y/so,
;fjekoh ;z ; EktK, w}d{ o
iZE/pzdhnK nkfd fwb e/
fJe fJj' fijk nfGnkB
ubkT[D fi; Bkb d/F
dk gqFk;B e[Fb ns/
efbnkDekoh j' t / . ;kvhnK
edoK-ehwsK ftu
tkXk j't/ ns/ s/} rsh
Bkb ;kvk ftek; j't/.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

dos wB[Zy s'I pj[s T[`uh ns/

fJ; dh gj[zu s'I pkjo j?.
n;hI e[dos dh jo eq'gh ~ GkDk wzBD
#s/ wip{o j' iKd/ jK. n;hI wB[Zyh tsho/
~ ;kjwD/ oZyd/ j'J/, e[Fb iK ;[uZi/
gqFk;B dh rZb eod/ jK. i/ n;hI
fJfsjk; tZb B}o wkohJ/ sK t/yKr/ fe
f;ezdo, uzr}/ ]kB ns/ jbke{ tor/
jwbktoK B/ nDfrDs b'eK ~ w"s dh
BhId ;[bkfJnk. Xow d/ BK #s/ nDfrDs
b'eK dk ]{B tjkfJnk frnk. fezB/ Ffjo
s/ Bro popkd ehs/ rJ/ ns/ fezBhnK
nDfrDs n"osK dh gZs b[ZNh rJh.
n;hI nfijhnK xNBktK ~ nfBnKekoh
efj e/ jh ft;ko fdzd/ jK iK fJBQK bJh
fe;/ e[uZi/ gqFk;B ~ f}zw/tko mfjok e/
fJBQK dh fBy/Xh eod/ jK.
;kv/ gqFk;B ~ eJh u[Bs" hnK jB.
fit/I, iks d/ nkXko #s/ efEs S'N/ spe/
d/ b'eK Bkb ftseok, n"osK Bkb d[oftjko,
pZfunK Bkb p/-fJB;k\h, fiBQK ftu pkbw}d{oh, fbzre F'FD, fGykohgD ns/
nBgVQsk th Fkfwb jB. fJBQK s'I fJbktk
dki gqEk, vkeNoh ;j{bsK dh ewh,
nkofEe |?o-pokpoh, pokpo fBnK gqDkbh
dh }o{os nkfd nfij/ ftF/ jB fijV/
;[uZi/ iK e[uZi/ gqFk;B d/ dkfJo/ ftu
nkT[d
I / jB.
gfjbK ;k~ t/yDk ukjhdk j? fe
;[uZi/ gqFk;B d/ bZSD eh jB L
fJe sK fJj j? fe fe;/ th

d/F ftu jo wod, n"os ~ f;ZX/ iK

nf;ZX/ s"o s/ \?;b/ eoB ;w/I nkgDh okJ/
gqrN eoB dk nfXeko j't,/ Gkt/I T[BQK d/
ikfJ} fjZsK dh oZfynk bJh ftu'b/ ndko/
j'D.
fJj' fijh Fw{bhns, ;zrmB
pDkT[D ns/ p'bD dh nk}kdh ns/
T[;kokswe fFoes d/ nkXko #s/ ;zGt
j?.
ek~Bh YKuk fBnKekoh j'Dk ukjhdk
j?, fijVk fBogZy j' e/ ek~B bkr{ eo/,
]k; s"o s/ wB[Zyh nfXekoK d/ wkwb/
ftu.
;{uBk d/ ;[szso tjkn ftu
gkodoFsk j't./ ndko/ ns/ ;{uBk nfij/
b'eK dh gj[zu nzdo j'D, fiBQK dk fJBQK
Bkb tkj g?d
I k j't/ ns/ fJBQK ~ uzrh
soQK ;wMD ns/ fJBQK #s/ nZy oZyD bJh
;{uBk w[ezwb ns/ p/dk| j't./ ndko/
ns/ T[BKQ dhnK ekoi-ftXhnK ;ko/ ;zpzfXs
b'eK d/ fjsK dh g{osh eoB.
e[Fb gqFk;B fJe ;[uZih ns/
nkw okJ/ pDkT[D bJh tZy-tZy fjsK dk
ikfJ}k b?Idk j? ns/ BhshnK s/ ekoigqDkbhnK xVB t/b/ tZy-tZy w[\kdK ~
fXnkB ftu oydk j?. T[j ;G g[oFK s/
wfjbktK ~ nkgDk nZrk ;ztkoB bJh
w"e/ gqdkB eodk j?. ndko/ ns/ ekoiftXhnK b'eK dhnK }o{osK g{ohnK eoB
tk;s/ t;hfbnK dh tos'I eofdnK uzr/
Bshi/ eZYd/ jB.
27

;[uZi/ gqFk;B bJh, ;oeko ftu

\?;b/ eoB tkb/, fBZih ns/ f;ftb ;[;kfJNh
;z;EktK s/ nkw b'eK gqfs itkpd/j j[zd/
jB ns/ Bkb jh T[j ;zrmBkswe
fjsekohnK gqfs th T[`sodkJh j[zd/ jB.
fJj T`s[ odkfJsk ;z;EktK #s/ fBoGo eodh
j? fe eh \?;b/ T[BQK ;z;EktK d/ nzdo{Bh
iK pkjob/ wkwfbnK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB.
B/sktK ns/ iBsk dk ;[uZi/ gqFk;B
ns/ wB[yZ h ftek; gqfs ftFkb ns/ fuoekbh
B}ohnk j[zdk j?. Bkb jh T[j fJj
ikDd/ jB fe nfij/ ftek; bJh eh eh
}o{osK jB. T[BQK ~ fJ; frnkB dhnK
fJfsjk;e, ;wkfie ns/ ;fGnkukoe
g/uhdhrhnK dh th ;wM j[zdh j?.
eJh d/FK ftu fJe jh ftnesh dk
oki ubdk j?, fit/I fe ni'e/ i[r
Z ftu th
;hohnk fty/ skBkFkj dh je{ws ubdh
nk ojh j?. fJ; s'I gfjbK bhphnk ftu
th fJj' jkb ;h. eJh ;kb gfjbK fw;o
ftu pkdFkj \ko{e th wBwkB/ Yzr Bkb
je{ws eodk ;h. fJoke ftu fveN/No
okFNogsh ;Zdkw j[;B? ~ fJe gb ftu
eJh wB[ZyK ~ ikB'I wkoB dk n]fsnko
gqkgs ;h. T[; d/ w{zjI' fBefbnk fJe-fJe
Fpd fJbkjh \[owkB torh Fesh dk
;{ue j[zdk ;h. fJj' fij/ Fk;e izrb
oki torh ftt;Ek d/ ;[nkwh j[zd/ ;B.
nkX[fBe i[Zr ftu th fJj' fij/ eJh
skBkFkj w"i{d jB, i' ;dk nkgDk f;Zek
ubkT[Dk iBw-f;ZX nfXeko ;wMd/ jB.
T[j fe;/ th ftnesh ~ fpBK fe;/ ek~B
gqfefonk d/ w"s d/ w{zj ftu XZe ;ed/
jB, fe;/ ~ nzrjhD eo ;ed/ jB iK
nDfwE/ ;w/I bJh ekb e'mVh ftu G/i
;ed/ jB. fJj ;kohnK fefonktK ;[uZi/
gqFk;B d/ n;{bK d/ gqfse{b ;h. eJh
EktK #s/ skBkFkjK B/ nkgD/ r[wkFfsnK ~
th fJj' fij/ nfXeko fds/ rJ/ jB fe
T[j fi; ~ th ukj[D fpBK fe;/ ek~Bh
gqfefonk d/ ;ohoe iK wkfJe s;hj/ d/
28

;ed/ jB.
;[uZi/ gqFk;B dk fJe j'o gZy
wkfJe fBnK dk j[zdk j?, fi; sfjs fe;/
~ T[; dh ;zgsh s'I tKfMnK Bk ehsk
ikt/. Bkb jh nkgD/ fe;/ nfXekoh iK
eowukoh ~ fe;/ j'o dh g{zih y'jD dh
y[ZbQ Bk fdsh ikt/. fe;/ e'b'I nfBnK
g{ope T[; d/ wkfJe gdkoEK dh b[ZNy;[ZN Bk ehsh ikt/.
;[uZi/ gqFk;B ftu b'eK ~ seoho
ns/ sfjoho noEks p'bD ns/ fbyD dh
nk}kdh fdsh iKdh j?. nk}kd gq?`; ~
;wki dh }who fejk iKdk j?. fe;/ ~
vok Xwek e/ T[; ~ p'bD iK fbyD dh
nk}kdh s'I tofink BjhI ikDk ukjhdk,
go Fos fJj j? fe fJ; nk}kdh dh
d[otos'I BjhI ehsh ikDh ukjhdh. fit/I fe
fjz;k ~ GVekT[Dk, tZy-tZy FqD/ hnK ftueko
d[FwDh iK B\os g?dk eoBk iK d/F dh
;[szsosk ~ ]so/ ftu gkT[Dk. fJj'
fijhnK eJh j'o gq;fEshnK s'I th puDk
}o{oh j?. nkw s"o s/ gqFk;B wB[Zy dh
e[dosh ;[szsosk dh okyh eodk j?. go
T[j fe;/ nfijh b/yDh dh nkfrnk th
BjhI d/ ;edk, fi; ekoB ;wki d/ fe;/
Gkr dh f;js iK GkJhukoe gqEk ~
B[e;kB gj[zudk j't./ Bkb jh gq`?; ~
fe;/ dh fJ}ko/dkoh BjhI pDB fdsk ikDk
ukjhdk feT[Ife fJ}ko/dkoh n;zs'y ns/
o[;t/ I/ dk ekoB pD ;edh j?.
;[uZi/ gqFk;B bJh }o{oh j? fe
;oeko fpBK fe;/ Bkrfoe Bkb gZygks
d/ jo fJe Bkb fBnKg{ope g/F nkt/,
ns/ Bkb jh ;[uZik w{b YKuk fit/I fe
;VeK, pzdorkjK, jtkJh nZfvnK, fpibh,
gkDh, ;\kJh, d{o-;zuko, vke ftt;Ek
nkfd w[jZJhnk eokt/. fJ; s'I fJbktk,
BkrfoeK ~ vkeNoh ns/ f;js ;j{bsK,
y/shpkVh, ;ZBnsK ns/ ftZfdnk nkfd dhnK
;j{bsK gqdkB eo/. jo fJe pZu/ bJh
skbhw ns/ y/vK ns/ Bkb jh wB-gqukt/

d/ gqpzX }o{oh jB ns/ sK jh gqFk;B ~

;[uZik fejk ik ;edk j?. p[fBnkdh YKu/
dk fBoftxB ezw eoBk }o{oh j?.
;[uZi/ gqFk;B dk fJe }o{oh nzr
fJj j? fe ;oekoh n\;o nkgD/-nkgD/
ezw bJh g{oh soQK f}zw/tko j'D. Bkb jh
T[j BkrfoeK dhnK }o{osK g{ohnK eoB.
T[j rohph ~ d{o eoB d/ T[gokb/
eoB. fGqFNkuko ~ d{o eoBk e[Fb
gqFk;B dk fJe w[Zy eost j?. gqFk;B
ftu ek~B dk oki j'Dk bk}wh j? fJ;
s'I fpBK nokiesk c?bD dk vo j?.
nfXekohnK ~ okiBhse dpkn j/m BjhI
nkT[Dk ukjhdk. ehwsK ~ nkgw[jko/
tXD s'I o'fenk ikDk ukjhdk j?. ngokXK
~ mZbQ gkJh ikDh }o{oh j? ns/ w[bf}wK
~ fBnKgkfbek tb'I ek~B nB[;ko dzv
d/Dk bk}wh j? sK i' j'oBK ~ fJ; s'I
;pe fwb ;e/. BkrfoeK dhnK ikfJ}
fFekfJsK ~ d{o eoBk th ;[uZi/ gqFk;B
dk ezw j?. fJ; ekoi ftu fYZb iK
bkgqtkjh jkBhekoe f;ZX j' ;edh j?.
Gkos ftu ;{uBk gqkgsh pko/ ek~B
iBsk bJh todkB f;ZX j'fJnk j?. fJ;
sfjs e'Jh th Bkrfoe ;oekoh wfjefwnK
s'I ;{uBk gqkgs eo ;edk j?, i' gkodoFsk
dk nBw'b ;kXB pD frnk j?. fJ; B/
Gkos ftu gqFk;Be ;zpzXK dk BeFk jh
pdb fdsk j? ns/ fJ; dk f;jok
;oeko d/ f;o pZMdk j?. i/eo tZy-tZy
okiK dhnK ;oekoK ns/ e/Ido ;oeko
fGqFNkuko ]sw ftu ekw:kp j' ;eD sK
Gkos dk ekfJnkebg j' ;edk j?. Bk
e/tb fJ; d/F dh ftFkb iBsk nkofEe
ns/ ;wkfie s"o s/ tX/o/ ;[oZfynsk
nB[Gt eo/rh, ;r'I ftFt ftu Gkos d/
fJe ;[uZi/ gqFk;Be d/F ti'I ;ky tX
ikt/rh.
;oeko dk ;G s'I tZvk eost j[zdk
j? fBnK s/ ek~B ekfJw oyDk. fBnK
pkeh ;\k 33 T[`s/

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

e[Fb gqFk;B

gqFk;B s/ gkodoFsk
wBXho f;zx fdUb

d[

gqFk;fBe ezwK nzdo

gkodoFsk nkT[ D Bkb
fiE/ fGqFNkuko ~ mZbQ g?Idh
j? T[E/ Bkb jh ;kohnK
:'iBktK dk bkG b'eK se
g[Zidk j'D bJh okj th
;"yk j[zdk j?. nfXekohnK
~ nkgD/ \o}K gqfs
;[u/s ofjDk g?Idk j? ns/
T[j nkgDh fvT{Nh d/D
ftu e[skjh eoB s'I
r[o/} eoBr/ feT[Ife
T[BQK ~ fJbw j't/rk fe
b'e ikro{e jB.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

BhnK d/ ;G s'I tZv/ b'eszsoh

d/F Gkos ftu n\;oK dh ;G
s'I tZvh frDsh j?. d/F ~ ubkT[D bJh
t'No ;oekoK u[Dd/ jB s/ u[D/ j'J/
B[wkfJzfdnK tb'I pDkJhnK BhshnK ~ fJBQK
n\;oK B/ jh bkr{ eoBk j[zdk j?.
Gkosh gqFk;fBe ;/tk d/ nfXekohnK s/
j'o ftd/Fh, d/;h ;/tktK sfjs u[D/
nfXekohnK B/ pDhnK BhshnK ~ j/mbh
gZXo #s/ bkr{ eoBk j[zdk j?.
fgSb/ bzp/ ;w/I s'I d/F nzdo ;oekoh
BhshnK ftu gkodoFsk fbnkT[D bJh
wzr T[`m ojh ;h. fJ; wzr fgZS/ soe
fJj fdsk ik fojk ;h fe j/mb/ gZXo #s/
BhshnK ~ ;jh Yzr Bkb bkr{ eoB bJh
gqpzX ftu gkodoFsk fbnKdh ikt/. Gkos
dh pj[sh t;'I fgzvK ftu ofjzdh j? s/
d/F dk pj[sk wkbhnk s/ XB fgzvK d/
b'eK ~ ;j{bsK w[jZJhnk eotkT[D bJh
you j[zdk j?. e/Ido ;oeko ;w/s oki
;oekoK dk w[yZ Nhuk b'eK dhnK p[fBnkdh
;j{bsK ~ fpjso pDkT[Dk s/ T[BQK dhnK
w[FfebK d/ jZb bZGDk j[zdk j?. fco th
BhshnK ~ ;jh Yzr Bkb bkr{ eoB ftu
ofj iKdhnK ]kwhnK ~ d{o eoB bJh
gqpzX ftu gkodoFsk }o{oh j?. ;w[Zu/
gqpzX ftu gkodoFsk fbnkT[D dk noE
fJj j'fJnk fe d/F tk;hnK ~ fJj
p[fBnkdh nfXeko j? fe T[j d/F d/ Gb/
s/ T[BQK d/ y[d d/ ckfJd/ dhnK :'iBktK
pko/ g{oh-g{oh ikDekoh b? ;eD. go fJ;

bJh }o{oh j? fe d/F dh ;[oZfynk ns/

b'eszsoh YKu/ ~ e'Jh wkw{bh fijh th
nKu Bk nkt/.
gqFk;fBe ezwK nzdo gkodoFsk
nkT[D Bkb fiE/ fGqFNkuko ~ mZbQ g?Idh
j? T[E/ Bkb jh ;kohnK :'iBktK dk bkG
b'eK se g[Zidk j'D bJh okj th ;"yk
j[zdk j?. nfXekohnK ~ nkgD/ co}K gqfs
;[us/ ofjDk g?d
I k j? ns/ T[j nkgDh
fvT{Nh d/D ftu e[skjh eoB s'I r[o}/
eoBr/ feT[fI e T[BQK ~ fJbw j'tr
/ k fe
b'e ikro{e jB.
rKXh ih B/ fejk ;h, @@Gkos fgzvK
ftu t;dk j?.## fJ; bJh ftek; dh
Xkok fgzvK tZb w'Vh ikDh ukjhdh j?.
fgzvK nzdo ;kyosk do Ffjoh y/soK d/
w[ekpb/ xZN j'D eoe/ ;oekoh :'iBktK
ftu efEs j/okc/oh eoB d/ w"e/ pD ikD
dk vo pfDnk ofjzdk j?. fJ; bJh i/
;wkie, nkofEe gqpzX ftu gkodoFsk
j't/rh sK e'Jh th :'iBktK ~ ;jh gZXo
#s/ bkr{ eoB gqfs e[skjh BjhI tos/rk.
fpBK FZe, gkodoFsk d/ gqtkB uVQB Bkb
nkw b'eK ~ skes fwb/rh, T[j ;oeko
s'I itkp wzr ;eDr/ fi; eoe/ nfXekohnK
dh f}zw/tkoh j'o tX/rh ns/ T[j nkgDh
fvT{Nh fBGkT[D gqfs ;[us/ th ofjDr/.
fJ; bJh nfXekohnK dk otZJhnk nkw
b'eK gqfs jK gZyh ns/ jwdodh tkbk
j'tr
/ k.
29

Gkosh ;zftXkB dh Xkok 19 (1)

(J/) sfjs jo/e Gkos tk;h ~ p'bD dh
nk}kdh fdzdk j?. nk}kd Gkos nzdo
fJj ;G s'I tZX skesto nfXeko j? s/
b'eK ~ nkgD/ ftuko gqrN eoB dh
fwbh fJj nk}kdh b'eszsoh otkfJsK ~
j'o w}p{sh fdzdh j?. fJ; d/ Bkb jh
BkrfoeK dh f}zw/tkoh th pDdh j? fe
T[j d/F d/ ;BwkB ~ fXnkB ftu oZy e/
jh nkgD/ ftuko gqrN eoB. fe;/ th
b'eszsoh YKu/ nzdo b'eK dh ;[fjod s/
u"e; Gkrhdkoh jh fJ; YKu/ ~ p[fBnkdh
skes fdzdh j? s/ fJj fjZ;/dkoh brksko
ikoh ofjDh ukjhdh j?. fJj sK jh ;zGt
j'tr
/ k i/eo gqpzX nzdo gkodoFsk j'tr
/ h
s/ b'eK ~ gqFk;Be ekoiK dh ;jh s/
fBogZy ikDekoh j't/rh
Gkos nzdo fgZS/ fij/ ;{uBk dk
nfXeko bkr{ ehsk frnk. fJ; d/ Bkb
jh f;Zfynk dk nfXeko th bkr{ ehsk
frnk ;h. fJ; ekoi fgZS/ Gkos tk;hnK
~ fJe sK gkodoFh gqpzX ~ B/fVT[I t/yD
dk w"ek d/Dk wzfBnk ik fojk j? s/ d{ik
gqpzX ~ ;k\ eoe/ b'eK ~ jo T[; uh}
dh ikDekoh d/Dk j? fi; dh ;{uBk d/D
Bkb d/F dh gqG{;Zsk ns/ ;[oZfynk ~ e'Jh
]sok BjhI j?.
fJ;/ soQK jo/e ~ f;Zfyns eoB
ykso f;Zfynk dk nfXeko d/Dk Gkosh
;zftXkB dh w{b GktBk d/ Bkb fpbe[b
w/b yKdk j?. f;Zfyns ftnesh ;wkfie,
nkofEe YKu/ ~ j'o w}p{s eodk j? s/
T[; dh ;wki nzdo ;orow fjZ;/dkoh
tXdh j?. f;Zfynk w"i{dk d"o ftu ;G s'I
ekoro jfEnko j? i' jo fe;w dhnK
p[okJhnK ~ d{o eoB ftu wddrko
;kps j[zdk j?. f;Zfyns ftnesh ;wki
dh dFk s/ fdFk pdbD dh gfjb eodk
j? s/ T[j nkgD/ nfXekoK s'I tke\ j' e/
gqpzX$gqFk;B ftu fBgz[Bsk fbnkT[D d/
Bkb-Bkb ;w[Zu/ YKu/ ~ gkodoFh okjK
30

tZb s'odk j?. id'I fe;/ th f;nk;h iK

nkofEe, ;wkfie gqpzX nzdo gkodoFsk
nk iKdh j? sK T[E/ fGqFNkuko bJh u'o
w'ohnK nkgD/ nkg pzd j'D bZr iKdhnK
jB. fJ;/ bJh f;Zfynk d/ nfXeko ~
;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb bkr{ ehsk ikDk bk}wh
j?.
;{uBk nfXeko d/ bkr{ j'D fgS'I
fpBK FZe j[D nfXekoh gfjbK Bkb'I tZX
;[us/ gZXo T[s/ \kJhbK fsnko eoe/ oZyD
bZr/ jB s/ T[j u"e; jB fe e'Jh th
e[skjh T[BQK ~ Gkoh gt/rh. eJh x[Nkb/
;{uBk dk nfXeko ek~B sfjs ;kjwD/
nkJ/ jB. nkw nkdwh th ;{uBk dk
nfXeko ek~B dh tos'I eoe/ T[j ikDekoh
b? ;edk j? fi; dk ;o'eko nkw b'eK
Bkb i[fVnk j't/ s/ fJ; ikDekoh ~ T[j
d/F fjs bJh tos ;edk j?. ;{uBk d/
nfXeko j/m f;o\ T[j ikDekoh jh BjhI
fdsh ik ;edh i' d/F dh ;[oZfynk bJh
@r[gs# oZyDh bk}wh j[zdh j?.
;{uBk dk nfXeko bkr{ j'D Bkb
gqFk;B ftu gkodofFsk nkJh j? s/
fGqFNkuko ~ th mZbQ gJh j?. ;{uBk dk
nfXeko ek~B bkr{ j'D Bkb ;w[Zu/ gqpzX
ftu gkodoFsk nkJh j? s/ b'e T[j
ikDekoh th b? ;ed/ jB i' gfjbK T[BQK
~ B;hp BjhI ;h j[zdh.
fJ;/ soQK jh gq?`; dh nk}kdh dk
wkwbk th j?. gq?`; dh nk}kd nktk}
b'eK dh nktk} pDdh j? s/ T[j ;oekoK
ns/ iBsk dofwnkB fJe g[b dk ezw
eodh j?. gq?`; whvhnk fJe T[j wkfXnw
j? i' iBsk ~ S/sh Bkb ;koh ikDekoh
w[jZJhnk eotkT[Idk j?. fJE/ fJj th
}o{oh j? fe gq?`; th gkodoFh s/ fBogZy
Yzr Bkb ekoi eo/.
;[gohw e'oN w[skpe Gkos tor/
d/F ftu nkw iBsk Bkb i[V/ T[j ;ko/
J/izN f}zwt/ ko j'D, e[M G/dK ~ SZv e/
d/Ftk;hnK ~ jo/e iBse ek~B pko/

ikDB dk nfXeko j?. fJ; dh nDd/yh

eoBk ;zftXkB dh GktBk s/ ftuko gqrN
eoB dh w{b GktBk d/ T[bN j?.
Gkos ;oeko tb'I @nkXko ekov#
pDkT[D dh Bhsh ~ tZvh tZXo #s/ bkr{
ehsk ik fojk j? s/ fJBQK ekovK okjhI
;pf;vhnK dk XB f;ZX/ s"o s/ b'VtzdK ~
fdsk ikt/rk. ;oekoh roKNK dh wkfJnk
;jh noEK ftu fJ;/ eoe/ jh ;jh s/
b'VtzdK e'b BjhI ;h iKdh fiBQK ~ fJ;
dh b'V ;h. ;oekoh ;pf;vh s/ roKNK
dk g?;k fGqFNkuko dh G/N fJ; bJh th
uVQ iKdk ;h feT[fI e gqFk;B nzdo b'VhIdh
fJZSk Fesh iK gkodoFsk dh xkN ;h.
fGqFN b'eK ~ BZE gkT[D bJh jh
e/Ido ;oeko dh fJj ;pf;vhnK ~ f;ZX/
b'VtzdK d/ ykfsnK ftu G/iD dh pj[wzsth :'iBk j?. d{i/ noEK ftu e/Idoh
\zvK ~ gkodoFh sohe/ Bkb nkw b'eK
ftu ;jh soQK G/iD bJh j[D nkXko
ekov f}nkdk ekoro ;kps j'Dr/. fJj
nkXko ekov j[D nzsookFNoh gZXo #s/
th gSkD/ ikDr/. fJ; :'iBk d/ ;cb
j'D #s/ T[whd ehsh ik ojh j? fe
;oekoh ;pf;vhnK dh d[otos'I o'eD dh
w[fjzw ~ j'o s/}h fwb/rh ns/ gqFk;B d/
ekoi ftu th s/}h nkt/rh. fJ; w[fjzw
dh F[o{nks gqXkB wzsoh vkH wBw'jB
f;zx tb'I ehsh rJh ;h.
fJ;/ soQK jh j'o eJh fpb th e/d
I o
;oeko tb'I fsnko ehs/ ik oj/ jB i'
d/F d/ w"i{dk gqFk;B ftu gkodoFsk
fbnkT[D bJh ;jkJh j'Dr/. ;oeko tb'I
Gkosh fBnK gqDkbh ftu gkodoFsk fbnKdh
ik ojh j? s/ fJ; ykso th e/Idoh gZXo
#s/ ;orowhnK ikoh jB. Gkos nzdo
gq?`; fJe nfjw EzwQ j? s/ fJ; y/so ftu
th gkodoFsk d/ isB ikoh jB.
(b/ye ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)
e-mail :deolmandhir@gmail.com

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

tXhnk nwb sohe/

;w[Zuh ;k\-;\kJh w[fjzw dh wdd

ntBhF ;'we[wko

wZ

;kbK pZXh fgzv d/ b'e

wb-fsnkr bJh dfonk
ezY/ ns/ eJh tkoh
izrb d/ nzdo iKd/ oj/
jB. po;ks fJ; ezw bJh
eJh ;wZf;nktK b? e/
nkT[Idh ;h, ]k; s"o s/
n"osK bJh. w?I fJ; BthI
;j{bs ~ wkD fJZ}s dk
gqshe ;wMdk jK. 75 ;kbK
d/ ;kp{ bkb nB[;ko, fgzv
ftu nkT[D tkb/ f;js
nfXekohnK dk efjDk j?
fe n;hI j[D pj[s
;kohnK phwkohnK s' I pu/
ofj ;ed/ jK.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

X gqd/F dh okiXkBh G'gkb s'I

160 feb'whNo d{o, jodk f}bQ/
d/ jo/-Go/ izrbK d/ X[o nzdo, e/bMhoh
fgzv d/ fBtk;h nwo bkb i' bkr/ d/
o/jsrkT[I ;oekoh jkfJo ;?ezvoh ;e{b
ftu 12thI iwks dk ftfdnkoEh j?, B/
nkgDk ;[\Bk ;Zu j[zdk d/fynk id'I T[;
d/ fgzv d/ nyhob/ xo ftu th g]kBk s/
r[;b]kBk pD frnk. nwo B/ ][Fh Bkb
M{w e/ fejk fe T[; B/ jw/Fk tZv/-tZv/
r[;b]kB/ f\bwK ftu d/y/ jB go T[BQK
dh fJE/ j'Id n;b ftu fJe nuzGk j?.
nwo fJBQK r[;b]kfBnK ~ nkgD/ f;nkDh
T[wo d/ j' oj/ wkfgnK bJh fJe okjs
d/ s"o s/ d/ydk j? ns/ Bk fe fJe n?F'nkokw d/ ;kwkB d/ s"o s/.
p/Fe, nwo BjhI ikDdk fe fJj
fJe nfijk ;[\Bk j? i' d[BhnK d/ d{i/
Bzpo d/ ;G s'I nwho nkdwh fpb r/N;
Bkb ;KMk j?. i{B d/ F[o{ ftu nkgDh
Gkos :ksok ;w/I, fpb r/N; B/ Gkos d/
f;js fwnkoK ftu ;[Xko dhnK e'fFFK dh
pj[s Fbkxk ehsh ns/ d/F d/ okFNoh
f;js gqr
' okwK bJh nkgDh brksko wdd
dk tkndk ehsk. e/bMhoh, gziskbh e'oe{
nkfdtk;h gfotkoK dk fgzv nkgD/ jo
xo ftu 40 tor c[ZN d/ ;G ;j{bsK
tkb/ g]kBk s/ r[;bykBk fJekJh Bkb
d/F d/ izrbK ftu t;/ 2,000 s'I tZX
fgzvK ftu'I y[ZbQ/ ftu g]kBk ikD s'I S[ZN
ikD d/ n?bkB Bkb \]o wfj;{; eodk

j?. Gkos ;oeko B/ 1999 ftu fJe

ftnkge gq'rokw d/ s"o s/ ;w[Zuh ;k\;\kJh w[fjzw ubkJh sK i' fgzvK ftu
;k\-;\kJh ;j{bsK fdshnK ik ;eD.
fJ; dk w[Zy T[d/F ;h y[ZbQ/ dh gqEk 2017
se d/F ftu'I ysw eo d/D d/ T[dF/
Bkb gzukfJsh oki ;z;EkBK ns/ T[BQK
ftneshnK ns/ ;z;EkBK bJh fBowb
rqkw g[o;eko F[o{ ehs/ fiBQK B/ nkgD/
ekoi y/so ftu ;w[Zuh ;k\-;\kJh bJh
wjZstg{oB :'rdkB gkfJnk j't./ e/bMhoh
~ fJ; fJBkw d/ ekpb pDB bJh, fJ;
dh gzukfJs d/ d' j'o fgzvK ~ fJ; d/
BeF/ edwK #s/ uZbD dh b'V j?.
fJj fJekJh fgzv dh izrb ;[oZfynk
e/wNh B/ pDtkJ/ jB ns/ fJ; bJh T[;
B/ g{zih T[; bkG s'I i[NkJh j? i' fgzv
d/ b'eK ~ izrb dh ;zGkb bJh 1355
j?eN/no G{wh fwbh ns/ fJ; B/ T[E/ g?dk
j'Jh ;krtkB dh bZeVh t/uD s'I gqkgs
ehsh. oki ;oeko d/ fJ; nfjw \?;b/
B/ izrb ;[oZfynk ew/Nh ~ izrb dh
T[gi s'I g?dk j'Jh nkwdB ftu fjZ;/ d/
ekpb pDkfJnk j?.
450 b'eK dk fJj \?;bk, T[BQK tb'I
;k\ ;\kJh dh b'V d/ wjZst ~ ;wMD
Bkb j'fJnk. fgzv dh izrb ;[oZfynk
ew/Nh dk gqXkB r[bkp g{o/ i'F Bkb fJj
dZ;dk j? fe fet/I fJBQK B/e fJokfdnK ~
n;bhns ftu pdfbnk frnk ns/
fet/I fJj ;G ;j{bsK tkb/ g]kB/ pDkT[D
31

dk T[; t/b/ ;'funk frnk id'I fJj pfj;

ub ojh ;h fe ew/Nh nXhB y/so ftu'I
;krtkB dh bZeVh t/uD Bkb ewkJh g{zih
~ fe; soQK tofsnk ikt/. T[; B/
dZf;nk fe ew/Nh ~ 19,96,000 o[gJ/ dk
bkG j'fJnk. eJh ekoi ;'u/ rJ/ go
g]kBk s/ r[;bykBk T[;koB bJh gfjb
fdsh rJh. id'I ew/Nh B/ fJ; pko/ wsk
gk; eo fdsk sK fJ; dh ikDekoh ;G
;zpzfXs nfXekohnK ~ fdsh rJh fiBQK
ftu j"Fzrkpkd ;oeb dk izrbks dk
w[Zy ez}ot/No phH e/Hf;zx th Fkfwb ;h
fi; d/ nXhB jkodk izrb o/Ii nkT[Idh
j?. ;k~ nkgD/ \?;b/ dk g{ok nfj;k;
;h go phHe/H f;zx dh wdd
s'I T[sFkfjs j' e/ n;hI
Btzpo 2011 ftu g]kfBnK
dh T[;koh F[o{ eo fdsh.
T[; B/ ;kv/ BeF/ ~ nzfsw
o{g d/D ns/ gkDh d/
ftsoD dh :'iBk pDkT[D
ftu wdd ehsh. pdtkBh
rqkw gzukfJs ftu e/bMhoh
d/ B[wkfJzd/ ns/ tZX uVQ
e/ fjZ;k b?D tkb/ gzu
oki/F mke[o dk efjDk j?
fe w}d{ o h #s/ bkrs
xNkT[D bJh jo gfotko
B/ fJBQK dh T[;koh ftu wdd ehsh ns/
wkou 2012 ftu fJj :{fBN pD e/
fsnko j' rJ/.
;kbK pZXh fgzv d/ b'e wb-fsnkr
bJh dfonk ezY/ ns/ eJh tkoh X[o
izrb d/ nzdo iKd/ oj/ jB. po;ks
fJ; ezw bJh eJh ;wZf;nktK b? e/
nkT[Idh ;h, ]k; s"o s/ n"osK bJh. w?I
fJ; BthI ;j{bs ~ wkD fJZ}s dk gqshe
;wMdk jK. 75 ;kbK d/ ;kp{ bkb
nB[;ko, fgzv ftu nkT[D tkb/ f;js
nfXekohnK dk efjDk j? fe n;hI j[D
pj[s ;kohnK phwkohnK s'I pu/ ofj ;ed/
32

jK.
phHe/H f;zx nB[;ko fJ; g{oh o{g
o/yk dk ;G s'I tXhnk fusoD fJ; dh
T[;koh dh T[`swsk dk j? i' fJ; ~ gzikj
;kbK s'I tZX yVQh ofjD dk tkndk eodh
j?. fBowkD;k}h ftu pj[s tXhnk ;kwkB
fJ;s/wkb ehsk frnk. NkJhbK dh tos'I
ns/ jo :{fBN T[go oZyh 500 fbNo
;woEk tkbh gkDh dh N?Ieh i' 10,000
fbNo gkDh ;woEk tkb/ N?eI Bkb i'Vh
rJh j?, fJ; dh gkfJdkoh :ehBh pDkT[dI h
j?. jo :{fBN #s/ 39,000 o[gJ/ youk
nkfJnk j?.
e/bMhoh bJh }whBh gkDh th bkGekoh

gZXo #s/ j?. p'ot?b ekch gkDh fdzdk j?

ns/ ;kbK pZXh g]kBk tos'I dh }kwBh
j?. B/V/ jh Bowdk ftu'I fBefbnk niBko
dfonk j? fi; ekoB rowhnK ftu th
Xosh j/m gkDh dh gZXo BhthI BjhI
iKdh. ew/Nh d/ fJe u[;s w?Ipo okw
bkb dk efjDk j? fe n;hI g/vI { izrb
;[oZfynk ew/Nh nXhB fJe ekoiekoh
ew/Nh pDkJh j? i' GftZy ftu g?dk j'D
tkb/ w[ZfdnK ~ wkBhNo eodh j? ns/
T[BKQ dk jZb eodh j?. T[j gkDh ftsoD
gqDkbh pko/ dZ;dk j? fe ;t/o/ jh 10,000
fbNo ;woEk tkb/ gkDh N?`e ~ p'ot?`b
okjhI Go fdsk iKdk j?. fco ;G 500

fbNo ;woEk dhnK gkDh dhnK 45

N?eI hnK Go fdshnK iKdhnK jB. ew/Nh
fpibh dk fpb ndk eodh j?. wjhB/ dk
n";s youk 500 o[gJ/ nkT[d
I k j?. jo
g]kBk ;?gfNe N?eI j?. T[; dk efjDk j?
fe tkX{ gkDh dh tos'I bJh n;hI g]kB/
d/ nkb/-d[nkb/ yZN/ cbK d/ doZ]s brkT[D
dh :'iBk pDk oj/ jK.
e/bMhoh ftu fJe gqkfJwoh ;e{b,
fwvb ;e{b ns/ nKrBtkVh e/d
I o j?.
fwvb ;e{b ftu 42 pZu/ jB ns/
gqkfJwoh ;e{b ftu 80 pZu/ jB. fJ;
gqki?eN nXhB, nKrBtkVh e/dI o ns/ ;e{bK
ftu ukb{ g]kB/ ftu ;[Xko j' fojk j?.
fwZmhpkJh bJh, fJ;
ikfJdkd B/ fgzv bJh ns/ T[;
d/ gfotko bJh fJZ}s g?dk
ehsh j?. T[; dk efjDk j? fe
fgzv d/ brGr 100 pZu/ S/sh
jh pkbr j' ikDr/. fgzv dhnK
B{jz K ~ fJj ;wZf;nk BjhI MZbDh
gt/rh. eFN d/ ;w/I dk jw/Fk
bJh ykswk j' frnk j?.
e/bMhoh fgzv d/ b'eK bJh fJj
BthI F[o{nks j?.
pdtkBh rqkw gzukfJs dh
;ogzu T[ofwbk pkJh u"Xoh dk
efjDk j? fe e/bMhoh B/ nkgDh fJe
gSkD pDk bJh j?. id'I T[BQK ~ fgzv
ftu ;k\ ;\kJh jk;b eoB bJh T[BQK
dh ;wki d/ s"o s/ G{fwek pko/ g[ZfSnk
frnk sK T[BQK dk efjDk ;h fe T[BQK B/
fgzv dh izrb ;[oZfynk ew/Nh d/ \?;b/
dk ;[nkrs ehsk ns/ T[; ~ fJybkeh
wdd fdsh. ;G s'I wjZstg{oB jo xo
gfotko dk i'F ns/ tuBpZXsk ;h. fJ;
ekw:kph s'I gq/os j' e/ y{wh ns/ pdtkBh
fgzvK d/ b'eK B/, i' T[; gzukfJs ftu
nkT[d
I / jB, e/bMhoh wkvb dh Beb
eoB bJh rZbpks eoBh F[o{ eo fdsh
j?.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

fJ; gqki?eN dh ekw:kph dk

nzdk}k fJ; rZb s'I brkfJnk
ik ;edk j? fe Bkb brd/ fgzvK
d/ b'eK d/ fJj fpnkB nk
oj/ jB fe i/ e/bMhoh fgzv eo
;edk j? sK n;hI feT[I BjhI.
T[j fJ; gqfefonk ~ F[o{ eoB
bJh e/ bMhoh fgzv s'I ;/X b?D d/
ukjtkB jB. BthI iwks dk fJe
ftfdnkoEh noi[B wfj;{; eodk
j? fe e/bMhoh fgzv B/ w'Yh pDB
dk f;jok b? fbnk j? i' bkr/ d/
fgzv jkb/ f;o\ ;'u jh oj/ jB.
frnkB f;zx s'wo, ;eZso pdtkBh
rqkw gzukfJs dk efjDk j? fe w/oh fuzsk
f;o\ fJ; rZb dh j? fe e/bMhoh fgzv ~
y[b
Z /Q ftu g]kBk ikD s'I S[Neko/ tkbk fgzv
T[d'I se x'fFs BjhI ehsk ik ;edk id'I
se d' pkeh pu/ fgzv pdtkBh ns/ y{wh
;w[Zuk ;k\-;\kJh tkbk tksktoB fsnko
BjhI eo b?d
I ./ T[BQK fejk fe T[j f}bQk
nfXekohnK ~ Gkos ;oeko e'b e/bMhoh
dh T[dkjoD d/ e/ fJj f;\koF G/iD
bJh efjDr/ fe fJe fJeZbh ekw:kph ~
th wkBsk fdsh ikt/. f}bQk izrbks
n\;o T[`sw Fowk B/ th fJj fuzsk
gqrNkJh j?. f}bQk izrb ;[oZfynk ew/Nh
dh gfjb dk ;[nkrs eod/ j'J/ T[BQK
fejk fe niBkb dfonk T[go fszB v?w
pDkT[Dk f;zikJh d/ gZe/ ;o's d/ s"o s/
fJe todkB ;kps j'fJnk. fgzv d/ 45
gfotkoK dh e[Zb 74,000 j?eN/no G{wh
ftu'I 50,000 j?eN/no G{wh ;/Ii{ j?.
ftneshrs s"o s/ pDkJ/ rJ/ xZN-/ xZN
18 y{j th f;zikJh ;j{bsK d/ oj/ jB.
T[BQK fejk fe jo gfotko d' \;bK b?d
I k
j?.
phHe/H f;zx, w[Zy ez}ot/No izrbks
j"Fzrkpkd dk efjDk j? fe fgzv dk
izrb ;[oZfynk ew/Nh ~ f;js ns/ ;k\:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;\kJh ;zpzfXs w[fZ dnK T[go w[V s'I frnkB

gfou? d/D ns/ ;bkj wFtok fJibk;
ubkT[D ftu wdd d/ oj/ jK. T[BQK dk
j[D J/izvk j? gZe/ wekB pDkT[D dk.
T[BQK dk efjDk j? fe e/bMhoh fJe
wkvb fgzv j? fi; B/ ;w[Zuh ;k\-;\kJh
jk;b eoB bJh fJe sohek ;[MkfJnk
j?. n;b ftu, nwo bkb ns/ T[; d/
d';s pj[s \]o wfj;{; eo ;ed/ jB.
- uoyk chuo
e-mail :charkha@bol.net.in
;\k 28 dh pkeh

dk gqpzX eoBk, nkofEe ns/ ;wkfie s"o

s/ ew}'o torK d/ b'eK dh ;jkfJsk
eoBk. ;oeko d/ f;o T[s/ feT[fI e nzdo{Bh
ns/ pkjobh ;[oZfynk d/ ekoi fJzB/ Gko{
j' iKd/ jB fe fJ; dk ;wkfie ftfFnK
tb'I fXnkB eJh tko xN iKdk j? go
fJj }o{oh j? fe ;ko/ ekoi g{oh :'rsk
Bkb Bkb'-Bkb ubD. ftd/Fh GzB s'V
ns/ fjz;k s'I d/F dh ;[oZfynk T[Bh jh
}o{oh j? fizBh fe nzdo{Bh ikfrqsh, iBsk
dh d/yGkb, nkofEe ns/ ;wkfie ;[ofZ ynsk
ns/ fBnK gqDkbh dk ;zukbB. fe;/ th
ezw ftu ;[;sh ;[uZi/ gqFk;B dk ;zs[bB
ftrkV ;edh j? ns/ ;ko/ YKu/ ftu jh
ew}'ohnK g?dk j' ;edhnK jB.
fJ; s'I fJbktk, fJe j'o ekoB
d/F ftu t;'I dk p/sjkFk tkXk j?. i/eo
fe;/ gkoNh dh ;oeko t;'I ftu tkX/ ~
ekp{ ftu oyD dk T[gokbk eodh j? sK
fto'Xh fXo oki;h bkjk b?D bJh ;Zsk
fXo ~ fmZph bkT[D tk;s/ T[; d/ fto[ZX
gquko F[o{ eo fdzdh j?. fJ; wkwb/ ftu
okiBhse gkoNhnK ;Zsk jfEnkT[D bJh
okFNoh fjs ~ nZy'I go'y/ eo fdzdhnK
jB. fJ; ekoB d/F dh iB;zfynk fdB'fdB tX ojh j?. fJ; t/b/ Gkos dh
nkpkdh dk fJe ;" thj eo'V s'I NZg ikD
dk nB[wkB j?. nB[Gt ehsk iKdk j? fe
fi; rsh Bkb Gkos dh t;'I tX ojh j?,
T[; nB[;ko ;zB 2050 se ;kvh nkpkdh

uhB ~ th wks gk d/tr

/ h. T[; t/b/
;kvh nkofEe s/ ;wkfie ;fEsh fej'
fijh j't/rh ns/ ;kvk gqFk;B fej' fijk
j'tr
/ k. uhB ;oeko B/ nkgD/ d/F ftu
fe;/ th gfotko ftu fJe pZu/ s'I tZX dh
g?dkfJF T[s/ gkpzdh bk oyh j?. T[E/
e/tb fJe' gkoNh dh ;oeko j? ns/ e'Jh
th ftnesh ;oekoh j[ew dh T[bzxDk
BjhI eo ;edk go fJe b'eszsoh ns/
pj[-gkoNh ;oeko tkbk d/F Gkos fJj'
fijk nkd/F ikoh BjhI eo ;edk. fJE/
nk e/ gqFk;B nZr/ nB/e tzrkoK yVQhnK
j' iKdhnK jB. fJj Gkos dh ftvzpBk
j? ns/ FkfJd rohph ns/ j'o eJh
;wZf;nktK dk ekoB th. eh Gkos dhnK
;kohnK oki ;oekoK, ;kohnK okiBhse
gkoNhnK, ;wkfie ns/ okiBhse nkr{
;w[Zu/ d/F dh GbkJh bJh tXdh nkpkdh
~ mZbQ gkT[D bJh fJe ;KMh Bhsh fsno
BjhI eo ;ed/< fJ; soQK dh ;'u dh
;zGktBk pj[s xZN ftykJh fdzdh j?, go
fco th nk; sK brkJh ik ;edh j?,
feT[fI e d/F ftu rohph, nBgVQsk ns/
;wkfie p[okJhnK ~ e/tb s/}h Bkb
tXdh ik ojh nkpkdh ~ o'eD Bkb jh
ekp{ j/m ehsk ik ;edk j?. sK jh
gqFk;B ~ ;[uZik ns/ e[Fb pDkfJnk ik
;edk j?.
w"id
{ k gq;fEshnK ftu ;oeko, ftXkB
gkfbek, fBnK gkfbek, whvhnk, fBZih y/so,
;oekoh y/so, ;fjekoh ;z;EktK, No/v
:{BhnB nkfd fwb e/ fJe fJj' fijk
nfGnkB ubkT[D, fi; Bkb d/F dk
gqFk;B e[Fb ns/ ;op efbnkDekoh
j't/. ;kvhnK edoK-ehwsK ftu tkXk j't/
ns/ s/} rsh Bkb ;kvk ftek; j't./
fJ; soQK ;kv/ d/F ftu ][Fjkbh tX/rh
ns/ n;hI ;ko/ ob e/ ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb
soZeh d/ okj T[s/ uZb ;eKr/.
(b/ye ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)
e-mail :srsbatra@yahoo.com

33

eh s[;hI ikDd/ j'<

|?o nwbh ;zgdk
|?o nwbh ;zgdk (n?B gh J/) T[j
eo}/ jB fiBQK #s/ p?eI ~ bzp/ ;w/I s'I Bk
e'Jh ftnki fwfbnk j? ns/ Bk jh n;b
oew tgk; j'Jh j?. fJBQK eof}nK s'I
feT[fI e eo}k d/D tkb/ ;z;EkB ~ e'Jh
nkwdB BjhI j[zdh fJ; bJh fJBQK ~ |?o
nwbh ;zgdk (n?B gh J/) fejk iKdk j?.
n;hI efj ;ed/ jK fe n?B gh J/ nfij/
eo}/ jB fiBQK d/ w[VB dh nk; Bk
j't./ i/eo eo}/ dh feFs fe;/ p?eI iK
ftZsh ;z;EkB ~ fszB wjhB/ brksko ndk
Bk ehsh ikt/ sK fJ; ~ |?o nwbh
;zgdk eoko fdsk iKdk j? ns/ p?Ie
nkgD/ b/yk foekov ftu n?B gh J/ doi
eo fdzdk j?. fe;/ th ;zgdk ~ xNhnk
;zgdk dk doik d/ fdsk iKdk j? i/eo
fJj 12 wjhB/ s'I xZN ;w/I iK 12 wjhB/
se nwb ftu BjhI ofjzdh. nfijh
;zgdk T[`s/ ebw c/o e/ eZN d/D dh b'V
j[zdh j? fi; dk noE j? fe p?eI T[;
xkN/ ~ g{ok eoB bJh g{zih nbr oy/.
i/eo e'Jh ;zgdk 12 wjhB/ se xNhnk
;zgdk pDh ofjzdh j? sK fJ; ~
;zd/jg{oB ;zgdk fejk iKdk j? fi; ~
25-100 gqfsFs ebw c/o e/ eZN d/D
dh b'V j[zdh j?. i/ e'Jh ;zgdk tkg;
gqkgs Bk eoB :'r eoe/ gSkDh ikt/ sK
fJ; ~ ;zgdk dk xkNk fejk iKdk j?
fi; ~ 100 gqfsFs ebw c/o e/ eZND
dh b'V j[zdh j? ns/ T[; ~ foekov ftu'I
ykoi eoB dh b'V j[zdh j?. |?o nwbh
;zgdk fe;/ th ftZsh ;z;EkB T[go p'M
j[zd/ jB ns/ fJ; soQK fJj fe;/ th ftZsh
;z;EkB dh gkfJdkoh d/ uzr/ ;{ue j[zd/
jB.

fv}hNb d;s]s
jZE Bkb ehs/ d;s]sK dk fv}hNb
o{g fv}hNb d;s]s j[zdk j?. fi;
34

soQK jZE Bkb ehs/ d;s]sK Bkb fe;/

d;skt/} ~ gqwkfDs ehsk iKdk j?, fv}hNb
d;s]s, fv}hNb d[BhnK ftu d;skt/}
d/ wkbe dh gSkD dk gfowkD j[zdk j?.
fJj d;skt/} G/iD tkb/ pko/ Go';k th
fdtkT[Idk j? ns/ fJj ;ukJh th fpnkB
eodk j? fe d;skt/} ftu e'Jh j/oc/oh
BjhI ehsh rJh. fv}hNb d;s]s, fJe
nfijh ;N?gI j? fi; dh Beb eoBk iK
T[; ftu e'Jh j/okc/oh eoBk pj[s w[Ffeb
j?. ;{uBk seBkb'ih ek~B 2000 nXhB
;w[Zuh fJb?eNqkfBe gqDkbh okjhI \kJhb
ehs/ d;skt/}K T[go T[BQK dh ;[oZfynk
ns/ gqwkfDesk bJh fv}hNb d;s]s
j'D/ :ehBh pDkT[d
I k j?.
fv}hNb d;s]s ;oNhfce/N, ezNo'bo
nk\ ;oNhckJhIr nEkfoNh tb'I wB}{oF[dk
;oNhfce/FB J/iz;hnK s'I yohd/ ik ;ed/
jB. nZi Gkos ftu ftneshnK bJh
wjKBro N?bh\'B fBrw fbfwfNv, ;h
J/, Nh ;h n?;, nkJh vh ph nko Nh,
;/cNhefogN (;Zfsnw), n?B e'v ;"b{FB},
n?B nkJh ;h ns/ Jh w[dok wB}{o F[dk
;oNhfce/FB J/iz;hnK jB. nkw s"o s/,
fv}hNb d;s]s ;oNhfce/NK dh fwnkd
fJe ;kb iK d' ;kb j[zdh j?. nkw s"o
s/ ukoNov nekT{NI NI? fv}hNb ;oNhfce/N
ikoh eoB bJh 3-7 fdB bkT[d
I / jB.
fv}hNb d;s]s ;oNhfce/NK ~ eufjohnK
ftu th wkBsk gqkgs j?. fv}hNb d;s]s
;oNhfce/N dh ehws T[; dh ;w/I dh
fwnkd T[`go fBoGo eodh j? fi; bJh
T[j fbnk iKdk j? ns/ T[; J/iz;h T[go
th fBoGo eodh j? fi; s'I fJj fbnk
iKdk j? go fJj pj[s wfjzr/ BjhI j[zd/
ns/ e[M ;" o[fgnK s'I 1500 o[gJ/ se dh
bkrs tkb/ j[zd/ jB.
d;s]s ;oNhfce/N d' Fq/DhnK ftu
tzv/ ik ;ed/ jB L Fq/Dh-2 L fJ; ftu
fe;/ ftnesh dh gSkD fJe gfjbK s'I
iKu/ ns/ ftFtk;:'r vkNkp/; okjhI ehsh

iKdh j?. Fq/Dh-3 L fJj fv}hNb d;s]s

;oNhfce/N dh ;G s'I T[`u Fq/Dh j?. fJ;
ftu ftnesh ~ ][d ofi;No/FB nfXekoh
;kjwD/ g/F j'Dk g?d
I k j? ns/ nkgDh
gSkD d/Dh g?d
I h j?.

g?B r[gsb/y tkuDk

;EkJh yksk Bzpo (g?B) 10 nzefVnK
dk toDwkbk ns/ nzefVnK tkbk Bzpo j?
i' nkwdB eo ftGkr ikoh eodk j?.
g?B nbkN eoB dk T[dF/ fe;/ ftnesh
iK fe;/ cow dk ftZsh b?D-d/D nkwdB
eo ftGkr Bkb i'VBk j?. g?B tZy-tZy
d;skt/}K fit/I fe nkwdB eo ohNoB,
;o's #s/ eo dh eN"sh (Nh vh n?;) eo
pekfJnk ns/ tkX{ eo dh tkg;h j? ns/
fJe gSkD eosk d/ s"o s/ ezw eodk
j?. fJj eo u'oh ns/ eo nkXko d/
g;ko dh fJe wjZstg{oB wFhBoh j?.
g?B d/ d; toDwkbk nzeV/ Bzpo
dk fJe ]k; noE j?. n;hI fJe Bw{B/
dk g?B ekov b? e/ d/y ;ed/ jK fe fJj
d; nze eh do;kT[d
I / jB. gfjb/ fszB
b\} J/ s'I }?`v ftu'I e'Jh th j' ;ed/
jB. u"Ek g?B ekov d/ Xkoe dk doik
fdykT[d
I k j?. gh dk noE j? ftneshrs,
n?c - cow, ;h-ezgBh, n?u - fjzd{
nDtzfvnk gfotko ns/ Nh g?B ekov
Xkoe ftnkj j' ikD s'I pknd iK fe;/
j'o ekoB eoe/ nkgDk Bkw pdb b?dI k$b?dI h
j? sK th g?B Bzpo BjhI pdbdk. S/tI/ s'I
BtI/ nzeV/ fJe s'I 9 se T[go fJe ]k;
ckow{bk brk e/ eZfYnk iKdk j?.

u?`e Noze/FB
p?eI tb'I u?`e NozeF/ B gqDkbh u?`e
g/F j'D tkb/ p?eI ftu'I G"fse jkbs ftu
p?eI fi; dk u?`e j't/ T[; ftu BjhI
iKdk. fJ; gqDkbh sfjs, u?`e dh
fJb?eNqkfBe Beb ikoh eosk p?eI ~ G/ih
iKdh j? fi; Bkb j'o }o{oh ikDekoh
pkeh ;\k 46 T[`s/

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

nfXeko u/sBk

wB[Zyh nfXeko u/sBk }o{oh

gq'H niw/o f;zx n"by

nk

nz s ookFNoh n? b kB-BkfwnK
ftu doi p[ f Bnkdh nfXekoK
gqfs b'ekJh ~ ikro{e eoBk
tZvh f}zw/tkoh j?. fJBQK
nfXekoK dhnK T[ b z x DktK
Gkt/I oki tb'I ehshnK ik
ojhnK j'D iK fe;/ ;"Vh
;'u tkbh fXo tZb'I, fJ;
pko/ ikro{ e sk w[ f jz w
ubkT[Dk ;G dh f}zw/tkoh
j?. fi; Yzr Bkb jkbks
fdB'-fdB pdb oj/ jB,
;k~ g{oh fFZds Bkb
iwj{oh jZeK gqfs u/sB
d]bnz d k}h eoBh pDdh
j?. iwj{oh ns/ wB[Zyh jZeK
gqfs ikro{e Bkrfoe jh
T[;ko{ ns/ jKdo{ ;wki dh
f;oiDk ftu nkgDh m' ;
G{fwek fBFus eo ;ed/ jB.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

}kdh dh fJZSk wB[Zyh f}zdrh

dk p[fBnkdh r[D j?. wB[Zy d/
gq;zr ftu fJ; fJZSk dk gqrNkn ftnesh
dh nk}kdh bJh ehs/ rJ/ ;zxoFK ftu'I
gqrN j[zdk j?. wB[Zy wfj} o'Nh iK G"fse
b'VK dh g{osh bJh BjhI ;r'I f}zdrh d/
p"fXe, B?fse ns/ ;[jiwJh gfjb{nK d/
ftek; bJh th e'fFFK eodk j?. T[j
f}zdrh d/ jo gfjb{ ~ fBykoBk ukj[zdk
j?. fJjh ekoB j? fe T[; d/ f}zdk ofjD
dh fJZSk w{b i?fte fJZSk ftu'I g?dk j'Jh
j? ns/ fJjh w"fbe wkBth w[Zb j?. fJ;/
w[Zb ftu'I j'o ;ko/ w[Zb fBeb/ jB. wB[Zyh
nfXekoK dh XkoBk fJfsjk; d/ fJe bzw/
d"o ftu'I fte;s j'Jh j?. fJj oki ;Zsk
tb'I wB[Zy ~ dkp/ j/m oZyD d/ ikpo
tosko/ ~ ysw eoB ti'I th fte;s
j'Jh j?.
gfjbK-gfjb fJj oki d/ fJe
ftF/F T[`u tor dh b'V ftu'I T[gih go
fJe bzpk fJfsjk;e g?vI k s? eoe/ fJj
tor ns/ B;b G/d s'I T[go T[`m e/ ;ko/
wB[ZyK d/ pokpo nfXekoK dh XkoBk se
g[Zih. fw;kb bJh, 13thI ;dh ftu gqf;ZX
nk}kdh dk gqtkBk (w?rBk ekoNk) ;[bskB
ns/ irho{ ;odkoK ftu j'fJnk nfijk
gfjbk ;wM"sk ;h. fco 1689 ftu
poskBhnK d/ i[Zr gbNkT{nK tb'I oki/ ~
rZdhT[I bkj e/ s/ wko e/ fijVk fpb
nk\ okJhN; (nfXeko gZso) g/F ehsk
frnk T[; ftu ni'e/ wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk
f}eo t/fynk ik ;edk j?. 1776 ftu
nwoheh fJBebkphnK B/ nzro/} oki/ dh

r[bkwh ~ bkj e/ i' n?bkB ehs/, T[;

ftu wB[Zyh nfXekoK d/ n?bkBBkw/ ~
t/fynk ik ;edk j?. fJ; ftu f}zdrh,
nk}kdh ns/ ][Fh dh sbkF d/ nfXeko
th Fkfwb ehs/ rJ/ go E'VQ/ ;w/I fgS'I
\oK; ftu j'J/ fJBebkp B/ wB[yZ h nfXekoK
dk fijVk n?bkBBkwk fsnko ehsk, T[j
j'o th wjZstg{oB j?. fJ; ftu gfjbh
tko doi j'fJnk fe @@wB[Zy nk}kd iBw
b?d
I / jB ns/ nk}kd ofjzd/ jB, T[BQK d/
nfXeko pokpo jB ns/ fe;/ okiBhse
;zx dk T[d/F-nk}kdh, ikfJdkd, ;[oZfynk
ns/ dwB d/ fto'X# d/ wB[Zyh nfXekoK
dh g[FNh j?. fJ; s'I fgS'I fJfsjk; dh
ekfJnk jh gbN rJh. r[bkw d/F
nk}kdh dh gqkgsh bJh bVB bZr./
r[bkwh s'I fB}ks gkT[D tkbhnK bfjoK
dh wB[Zyh nfXekoK pko/ nfjw fuzsk
ojh. fJj T[j d"o ;h id'I oki dk
fGnkBe o{g th ;kjwD/ nkfJnk, ftF/F
eoe/ fJNbh ns/ iowB \kFhtkd B/
nkgD/ jh d/FK ftu wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk
nefj jZd se xkD ehsk. d{ih ;z;ko
izr fgS'I j'Id ftu nkJ/ ;z:[es okFNo
;zx B/ bzwhnK p?meK fgS'I 10 d;zpo,
1948 ~ fijVk wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk
n?bkBBkwk g/F ehsk, T[; ~ d[BhnK
dhnK pj[shnK je{wsK B/ gqtkB eo
fbnk. 30 wZdK tkb/ fJ; n?bkBBkw/
ftu wB[Zyh nfXekoK dh ftnkfynk ehsh
rJh j?. fJ; ftu okiBhse ns/ f;ftb
nfXekoK s'I fJbktk nkofEe, ;wkfie ns/
;fGnkukoe nfXeko th Fkfwb jB.
35

Gkos ftu wB[yZ h nfXekoK dh bVkJh

dk fJe bzwk ns/ FkBdko fJfsjk; j?.
1857 dh gfjbh izr-/ nk}kdh t/b/ pjkdo
Fkj i\o d/ BK j/m ikoh n?bkBBkw/ s'I
b? e/ jo fyZs/ ns/ jo tor tb'I
ubkJhnK rJhnK nzro/}h oki fto[XZ bfjoK
B/ fJBQK nfXekoK ~ J/izv/ #s/ fbnKdk.
|do bfjo B/ sK fJ; dh j'o th T[;ko{
ftnkfynk ehsh. fJBebkph bfjoK ns/
ftF/F eoe/ Gkosh ;wkitkdh fogbheB
nkowh B/ fJ; dk nkofEe Bkpokpoh
Bkb nN[NZ ;zpzX t/fynk fi; dk noE ;h
fe wB[Zyh nk}kdh w[ezwb T[d'I jh j[zdh j?
id'I ;wki ftu nkofEe n;ktKgD Bk
j't,/ pokposk tkbk ns/ b[NZ ofjs ;wki
j't./ 26 iBtoh, 1930 ~ eKro; tb'I
bkj"o fJibk; ftu gk; ehsk frnk
;zg{oB nk}kdh dk w;"dk wB[Zyh jZeK dh
s;dhe j?. fJj fJBebkph bfjoK dk
jh gqskg ;h fiBQK B/ wB[Zyh jZeK dh
ftnkfynk ehsh ;h.
1947 s'I fgS'I Gkosh ;zftXkB ftu
doi wB[Zyh nfXekoK dhnK wZdK ~
fJfsjk;e gq;zr ftu d/fynk ik ;edk
j?. wB[Zyh nfXekoK dhnK fJj wZdK fe;/
y?oks ftu'I BjhI fwbhnK ;r'I b'eK d/ d'
;" ;kb d/ bzw/ ikB-j{bt/I ;zxoF dk
f;ZNk jB. ;zB 1948 d/ wB[Zyh jZeK d/
w;"d/ B/ fJ; ;zebg ~ nkXko pDkfJnk
fe jo fJB;kB wB[Zysk dk fjZ;k j?, fJ;
eoe/ T[; d/ e[ZM w[ZYb/ s/ nfBZyVt/I jZe
jB fiBQK ~ ;[oZfyns pDkT[Dk jo oki
dh f}zw/tkoh j?. fJe gk;/ wB[Zyh ns/
iwj{oh jZeK dh gqkgsh bJh d[BhnK d/
b'eK dk fJe bzw/ ;zxoF dk fJfsjk; j?,
d{i/ gk;/ ;Zsk d/ ikpo feodko dh ekbh
stkoh] j?. oki ;Zsk B/ wB[Zyh nfXekoK
~ e[ufbnk j?. n;b ftu, ;Zsk tZvh
wkbeh tkbhnK iwksK d/ jZEK ftu jfEnko
j?. fJBQK d/ wkbeh d/ ;o's j'o tXkT[D
bJh ;Zsk nkgDh fBogZysk dk wy"Nk bkj
e/, p/feoe ns/ gZygksh j' e/ g/F nkT[d
I h
36

j?. oki dk irho{ o{g i/ wB[Zy dh

nk}kdh d/ x'o d[FwD ti'I ikfDnk iKdk
j? sK g{zih dk iKrbh o{g fi; B/
Bk}htkd iK \kFhtkd ti'I pdBkwh yZNh,
T[j T[; s'I th xkse o{g ftu ;kjwD/
nkfJnk fi; B/ wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk xkD
jh BjhI ehsk ;r' I ;z ; ko iz r K
S/V e/ wB[Zysk ~ fGnkBe spkjh dk
fFeko pDkfJnk. ftFt d/ pj[s/ d/F 10
d;zpo, 1948 d/ wB[Zyh nfXekoK d/
n?bkBBkw/ ~ o;wh s"o s/ ;thekod/ jB,
go fJ; d/ pkti{d jo d/F ftu wB[Zyh
nfXekoK dhnK x'o T[bzxDktK ;kjwD/
nkT[dI hnK jB. don;b, oki fJj podkFs
BjhI eo ;edk, T[; dh fcsos ftu
dpkT[D dh iwKdo{ gqftosh j? i' wB[Zy
dh nk}kdh ns/ fJ; dh gqkgsh bJh
ftuko gqrN eoB dh gqftosh Bkb f;ZX/
o{g ftu NeokT[d
I h j?. ftFt dh nkofEe
pDso jh e[M nfijh j? fe ftFt d/
nkofEe ;'w/ ns/ g{zih e[ZM jZEK ftu tZX
s'I tZX e/d
I os j[zd/ ik oj/ jB ns/ fJ;
e/IdoheoB ftu oki nfjw G{fwek fBGk
fojk j?. oki ns/ fJ; dh ;w[uZ h wFhBoh
T[; iwks d/ jZe ftu nk yVQdh j? ns/
fJzi oki nkw b'ekJh dh nktk} ~
e[ubD dk ;zd pD e/ ;kjwD/ nkT[d
I k
j?.
Gkos dh tZvh npkdh nkgD/ w[ZYb/
nfXekoK pko/ ikro{e BjhI j?. fJE/ wB[yZ h
jZeK dk w;bk j'o th tZX nfjwhns
oZydk j?. fJE/ iks-gks dh gqEk p/jZd
w}p{s j?. ;t?wkD tkbh wB[Zyh f}zdrh
dh w[ZYbh Fos nfij/ fxqDs tosko/ s'I
w[esh jk;b eoe/ jh g{oh j' ;edh j?.
ihtB dk nfXeko (Xkok 21) w[ZYbk
wB[Zyh nfXeko j'D dh rkozNh j?. eJh
Gkosh b'e o[}rko, o'Nh, eZgVk ns/
wekB dhnK p[fBnkdh wB[Zyh b'VK s'I tKM/
jB. pZfunK ns/ n"osK d/ jZeK d/ ;zpzX
ftu jkbks j'o th so;:'r jB. ni/
th bZyK pZu/ r[bkwh torh w}d{oh eoB

bJh wip{o jB ns/ gVQkJh s'I tKM/ jB.

n"osK #s/ nZfsnkuko ns/ fbzre ftseok
jo gZXo #s/ ikoh j?. ek~BK d/ pkti{d
fJj nZfsnko j[zd/ ofjzd/ jB.
wB[Zy d/ nk}kd ftuoB ns/ fes/
th ezw eoB, e'Jh Xow ngDkT[D iK Bk
ngDkT[D dk jZe wB[Zyh jZeK dk fjZ;k
j?. id'I y/soh iK eZNV Bkjo/ bk e/ fJe
y/so$fyZs/ iK nkgDh gSkD eoe/ o[}rko
s'I tKMk ehsk iKdk j?. wB[Zy d/ ;ohoe
ns/ wkBf;e ftek; bJh ns/ Bo'J/ ;wki
bJh F[ZX tksktoB, nwB ns/ ;[oZfynk
dh rkozNh th }o{oh j?. ;w[Zu/ Bo'J/
;wkfie ftek; ns/ jo Bkrfoe dh
pokpo fjZ;/dkoh bJh }o{oh j? fe jo
GkFk, T[g GkFk dk ftek; dh rkozNh oki
d/t/ ns/ ;ZfGnkukoe tzB-;[tBz sk ~ pokpo
fte;s j'D dk w"ek d/t./
fJe Bo'J/ ns/ pokposk tkb/ ;wki
bJh T[j nkofEe wkvb jh fpjso j'
;edk j? fijVk g{zih dh w[ekpb/pk}h dh
j'V, irho{ ns/ fxqDs ;wkfie dkp/ s'I
w[es j't/ ns/ ;G bJh pokpo ftek;
ns/ T[BQK d/ jZeK dh rkozNh pD/.
nzsookFNoh n?bkBBkfwnK ftu doi fJBQK
p[fBnkdh nfXekoK gqfs b'ekJh ~ ikro{e
eoBk tZvh f}zw/tkoh j?. fJBQK nfXekoK
dhnK T[bzxDktK Gkt/I oki tb'I ehshnK
ik ojhnK j'D iK fe;/ ;"Vh ;"u tkbh
fXo tZb'I, fJ; pko/ ikro{esk w[fjzw
ubkT[Dk ;G dh f}zw/tkoh j?. fi; Yzr
Bkb jkbks fdB'-fdB ftrV oj/ jB,
;k~ g{oh fFZds Bkb iwj{oh jZeK gqfs
u/sB d]bnzdk}h eoBh pDdh j?. iwj{oh
ns/ wB[Zyh jZeK gqfs ikro{e Bkrfoe jh
T[;ko{ ns/ jKdo{ ;wki dh f;oiDk ftu
nkgDh m'; G{fwek fBFfus eo ;ed/
jB. ;k~ fJ; G{fwek dh fBFkBd/jh
eoB dh b'V j?.
(b/ye T[`xk fuzse, BkNeeko s/ ;[szso
gZsoeko j?.)

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

e[dosh ;o's

e[dosh ;o'sK dh ;[uZih tos'I dh }o{os

r[owhs e"o

fe

Xosh dk nkeko, gkDh,

ibtk:{, izrb, yfDi
gdkoE ns/ Fesh d/ ;kXB
nkfd fe;/ d/F d/ e[dosh
;o'sK d/ w[Zy nzr jB. i/
fJBQK ;o'sK dh tos'I b'V
s'I f}nkdk ehsh ikt/ s/
fJj brksko xNd/
ikD sK nkT[D tkb/ ;w/I
ftu w[ F febK dk ;kjwDk
eoBk gt/ r k. nkT[ D
tkbhnK ghVQ h nK ~ fJBQ K
d/ rzGho Bshi/ G[rsD/
g? ;ed/ jB. i/ e[dosh
;o'sK dh tos'I ;[uZi/ Yzr
Bkb ehsh ikt/ ns/ T[BQK ~
GftZy bJh puk e/ ofynk
ikt/ sK fJ; s'I brksko
uzr/ f;ZN/ fwbd/ ofjDr/.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;/ th d/F dh nkofEe ;fEsh

T[; d/ e[dosh ;o'sK #s/ fBoGo
eodh j?. i/ fJBQK dh pj[sks j? sK T[j
d/F ][Fjkb j'tr
/ k go i/ fe;/ d/F ftu
fJBQK dh xkN j? sK T[; d/F ~ nkgDh
][Fjkbh bJh ;ys fwjBs eoBh gt/rh.
Xosh dk nkeko, gkDh, ibtk:{, izrb,
yfDi gdkoE ns/ Fesh d/ ;kXB nkfd
fe;/ d/F d/ e[dosh ;o'sK d/ w[Zy nzr
jB. d/F dh nkpkdh th d/F d/ e[dosh
;o'sK ftu nkT[Idh j? Gkt/I fe ;ko/ jh
e[dosh ;kXB T[E'I dh t;'I tb'I tos/ iKd/
jB. i/ fJBQK ;o'sK dh tos'I b'V s'I
f}nkdk ehsh ikt/ s/ fJj brksko xNd/
ikD sK nkT[D tkb/ ;w/I ftu w[FfebK
dk ;kjwDk eoBk gt/rk ns/ nkT[D
tkbhnK ghVQhnK ~ fJBQK d/ rzGho Bshi/
G[rsD/ g? ;ed/ jB. i/ e[dosh ;o'sK
dh tos'I ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb ehsh ikt/ ns/
T[; ~ GftZy bJh puk e/ ofynk ikt/
sK fJ; s'I brksko uzr/ f;ZN/ fwbd/
ofjDr/.
Gkos dk e[Zb y/socb d[BhnK d/
e[Zb y/socb dk 2H5 gqfsFs j? id fe
fJ; dh nkpkdh d[BhnK dh e[Zb nkpkdh
dk 17 gqfsFs j? i' w[Yb/ s"o s/ jh
fJe n;zsf[ bs ;fEsh dh ftnkfynk eodh
j? fe fJzBh tZvh t;'I T[s/ Xosh dk
w[ekbpsB S'Nk nkeko j'D eoe/, fJ;
y/sh gqXkB d/F ~ brksko y[oke dhnK
;wZf;nktK Bkb i{MDk fgnk j?. Gkos
dh e[Zb Xosh ftu'I y/sh :'r y/so 12

bZy 69 j}ko 219 tor feb'whNo j? i'

e[Zb oep/ dk 56H78 gqfsFs j? ns/ t;'I
d/ fJ; tZv/ nkeko ns/ jo ;kb j'o
1H7 gqfsFs dh do Bkb j' oj/ tkX/
eoe/, y/sh :'r y/so th brksko xN
fojk j?.
fe;/ th d/F dh ekFs :'r G{wh
T[; d/F d/ tZv/ e[dosh ;o'sK ftu'I fJe
j?. go Gkos ftu brksko t;'I d/
dpkn eoe/, y/sh tkbh G{wh s'I f}nkdk
T[sgkdB b?D bJh brksko BthnK seBheK
dh tos'I ehsh ik ojh j?. BthnK
seBheK ftu o;kfJDe gdkoEK fiBQK ftu
ykdK, ehV/ wko dtkJhnK ns/ BdhB
BkFeK dh tos'I ehsh ik ojh j?. fJBQK
o;kfJDe gdkoEK dh tos'I eoB eoe/
T[sgkdB ftu sK pj[s tkXk j'fJnk j?
go fJj tkXk G{wh dh T[gikT{ Fesh dh
bkrs #s/ j'fJnk j?. fJ; dh fJe
fw;kb fJj j? fe i/ gfjb/ ;kb fJBQK
o;kfJDe gdkoEK dh fJe p'oh ykdK d/
o{g ftu tosh rJh j? sK nrb/ ;kb 3
ns/ fJ; soQK fJBQK ykdK dh ns/ j'o
o;kfJDe gdkoEK dh tos'I brksko tXdh
ik ojh j?. fco ;'u' fe brksko T[Bk
jh T[sgkdB b?D bJh i/ o;kfJDe
gdkoEK dh tos'I fJ; soQK jh tXdh ojh
sK fco fJ; dk nzs feZE/ j't/rk. fi;
eoe/ T[sgkdB dk gZXo sK Gkt/I T[j' oj/
go ykdK dh brksko tos'I j'D eoe/,
G{wh dh T[gikT{ Fesh brksko xNdh
ikt/rh. ykdK ns/ o;kfJDe gdkoEK dh
37

fJ; tos'I ftu G{wh dh f;js dk f]nkb

BjhI ofynk iKdk ;r'I Xosh dh T[gikT{
Fesh tos e/ tZX s'I tZX T[sgkdB b?D
dh e'fFF ehsh iKdh j?.
Gkos ftu ed/ dfonktK, MhbK,
sbkpK dh pj[sks ;h. gkDh d/ ;o'sK dk
31440 tor feb'whNo y/so j? ns/ fJE/
;kbkBk 1100 fwbhwhNo pkfoF j'D Bkb
gkDh dhnK tZvhnK }o{osK g{ohnK j[zdhnK
jB. gkDh d/ ;o'sK ftu'I 92 gqfsFs
gkDh ~ f;zikJh bJh tofsnk iKdk j?.
1974 ftu Xosh #s/ fwbd/ gkDh ftu'I
f;o\ 380 tor feb'whNo gkDh f;zikJh
bJh tofsnk iKdk ;h i' fe jo ;kb
fJ; eoe/ tXdk ik fojk j? feT[Ife fJe
sK f;zikJh dh y/sh bJh f}nkdk b'V g?d
I h
j?. d{ik o;kfJDe gdkoEK dh tos'I
eoe/ f}nkdk gkDh dh b'V g?d
I h j?. fJ;
dk Bshik fJj j'fJnk j? fe fJe sK
gkDh dh xkN wfj;{; ehsh ik ojh j?,
d{;ok gkDh dh gZXo }whB d/ EZb/ j'o
j/mK ik ojh j?. eJh EktK #s/ sK 300
c[ZN s'I th T[go gkDh dh gZXo EZb/ ubh
rJh j?. fJ; eoe/ fJe sK gkDh dk
fNT{pt?`bK okjhI pkjo eZYDk w[Ffeb j'
frnk j? ns/ d{;ok T[; gkDh ~ pkjo
eZYD dh bkrs th brksko tX ojh
j?. fJj th e[dosh ;o'sK dh e[tos'I dh
fJe T[dkjoD j?.
o;kfJDe gdkoEK dh tos'I eoe/
fiE/ Xosh dh T[gikT{ Fesh xN ojh j?
T[E/ fJ; d/ j'o BKj gZyh gqGkt g? oj/
jB. id'I fJe soc gkDh dh gZXo xN
ojh j? T[E/ fJj o;kfJDe gdkoE, Xosh
s'I fJbktk gkDh ns/ jtk ftu }fjohbk
wkdk iwQK eod/ ik oj/ jB fi; eoe/
pj[s ;kohnK rzGho phwkohnK g?dk j'
ojhnK jB. o;kfJDe gdkoEK ftu }fjohbk
wkdk j[zdk j?. id fJBQK dh tos'I ehsh
iKdh j? sK fJj ;kv/ j'o wjZstg{oB
e[dosh ;o'sK fiBQK ftu gkDh ns/ jtk
38

j?, T[; ftu Fkfwb j' e/ y[oke ftu th

Fkfwb j' iKd/ jB. i' fJ; rZb dh
fusktBh fdzd/ jB fe brksko o;kfJDe
gdkoEK dh tos'I, e[dosh ;o'sK ~ p[oh
soQK gqGkfts eo ojh j? ns/ GftZy dhnK
ghVQhnK bJh fJ; Bkb tZv/ ]so/ g?dk j'
;ed/ jB.

Gkos d/ ;w[zdoh sZN fiBQK

s'I tZvh gZXo #s/ wZShnK
cVhnK iKdhnK jB T[j th
d/F d/ e[dosh ;o'sK
ftu Fkfwb jB. fe;/ d/F
dk ;w[zdo d/ ezY/ #s/ j'Dk
fJe soQK todkB j? feT[Ife
nzsookFNoh tgko w[Zy s"o
s/ ;w[zdoh o;fsnK okjhI
j[zdk j?. nZi d/ ftFt
fgzv dh XkoBk d/ ;w/I id'I
ftFt tgko ;z ; Ek dhnK
XkoBktK ;dek jo d/F
Bkb
nk;kB
fJ;/

ftFt tgko eoBk

pfDnk j' f Jnk j? .
eoe/ jh Gkos d/

g{oph ns/ gZSwh sZN #s/

pj[ s ;kohnK pz d orkjK
fte;s ehshnK rJhnK
jB fiBQK Bkb j}koK, bZyK
NB ;kwkB fJ; d/F s'I
d{;o/ d/FK tZb ns/ d{;o/ d/FK
s'I Gkos ftu wzrtkfJnk ik
fojk j?. }ok ;'u' i/ fJ;
soQK dk ;w[zdoh sZN Bk j't/
sK nz s ookFNoh tgko fez B k
w[ F feb j' t / r k.

nzsookFNoh tgko dh wksok d/F

d/ ftu fwbd/ e[dosh ;o'sK #s/ fBoGo
eodh j? fi; ftu y/sh ns/ T[d:'fre
t;s{nK dk fBowkD f;o\ e[dosh ;o'sK
dh tos'I eoe/ ehsk iKdk j?. fJBQK g{oph
ns/ gZSwh sZNK #s/ fijV/ b'e wZShnK
cVB d/ ezw #s/ bZr/ j'J/ jB iK fJ;
ezw Bkb ;zpzfXs jB T[BQK dh frDsh 60
bZy d/ eohp gj[zu iKdh j?. i' fJ; rZb
dh fusktBh th fdzdh j? fe fJzBh tZvh
frDsh bJh brksko o[}rko pD/ ofjD
bJh fJj }o{oh pDdk j? fe fJ; ;w[zdoh
sZN dh ;zGkb ehsh ikt/. Gkos dk wZSh
T[d:'r d[BhnK ftu sh;o/ Bzpo #s/ j'D
eoe/, fJ; sZN dh ;zGkb ns/ fJBQK
e[dosh ;o'sK dk brksko pfDnk ofjDk
GftZy dhnK ghVQhnK bJh pj[s wjZstg{oB
j?.
Gkos d/ yfDi gdkoEK ftu w[Zy j?
e'bk fi; d/ d[BhnK Go ftu u"E/ Bzpo
#s/ Gzvko iwQK jB. d/F d/ T[d:'fre
ftek; bJh e'b/ dh nkgDh jh wjZssk
j?. tZvh wksok ftu e'bk d/F s'I jh fwb
iKdk j? fJ; eoe/ T[d:'fre ftek; th
nk;kB pfDnk j'fJnk j?. i/ fJzBh tZvh
wksok ftu e'bk pkjo s'I wzrtkT[Dk g?Idk
sK d/F d/ T[d:'fre ftek; dh fJj
;fEsh Bk j[zdh. T[Bh wksok ftu e'bk
tosDk fizBh wksok ftu iwQK j[zdk j?,
T[j d/F ftu fJ; ;fEsh ~ pDkJh oydk
j? fe T[d:'fre ftek; dh o\sko pDh
oj/ go i/ fJ; ~ }o{os s'I tZX tofsnk
ikt/rk sK Bk f;o\ e'b/ d/ Gzvko jh
xNDr/ ;r'I fJ; Bkb GftZy ftu T[d:'fre
ftek; ftu th o[etkNK nkT[DrhnK iK
T[d:'fre ftek; dh o\sko ftu ewh
nkt/rh. fJ; bJh j'o e[dosh ;o'sK ~
GftZy ftu ;zGkbD d/ Bkb-Bkb ;ko/ jh
yfDi gdkoEK ns/ ]k; eoe/ e'b/ ~
;zGkbD dh pj[s tZvh }o{os j?. Gkos
d/ j'o yfDi gdkoEK ftu'I w[Zy jB eZuk
b'jk, w?rBh}, pe;kJhN, wkJhBk e'owkJhN
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

ns/ fNNkfBnw, jho/, u{B/ dk gZEo ns/

E'ohnw nkfd. E'ohnw fJe fJj' fijk
gdkoE j? fi; d/ Gkos ftu ;koh
d[BhnK s'I tZv/ Gzvko jB ns/ fJj e/ob
d/ ;w[zdoh sZN #s/ fwbdk j?.
Gkos ftu Gkt/I s/b d/ Gzvko sK
fwbd/ jB go fJBQK dh tZvh ewh j?.
g?No'b Bkb ;zpfz Xs gdkoE pj[s/ wjKokFNo,
r[ioks, oki;EkB ns/ g{oph n;w ftu
fwbd/ jB s/ fJBQK dh wksok pj[s xZN
j?. xo/b{ s/b, Gkos dh e[Zb wzr dk
f;o\ 25 gqfsFs g{ok eodh j? ns/ pkeh
dk 75 gqfsFs pkjob/ d/FK s'I nk:ks
eoBk g?d
I k j?. nzsookFNoh wzvh ftu th
j[D s/b d/ GzvkoK dk bkrksko xNDk
;koh jh wB[Zysk bJh fJe fusktBh j?
ns/ fJ; dh ;ziw Bkb tos'I eoB ;zpzXh
fusktBh jo d/F ftu fdsh ik ojh j?.
nzsookFNoh s"o s/ fJ; dh g{osh xND
eoe/, s/b dhnK ehwsK jo ;kb tXdhnK
iKdhnK jB i' Gkos dh nkofEesk #s/
pj[s jh BKj gZyh gqGkt gkT[d
I hnK jB.
Gkos dh nkpkdh 127 eo'V d/ eohp j?
go pj[s jh xZN wksok ftu s/b fwbDk
Gkos ~ w}p{o eodk j? fe s/b dh
tos'I ~ ;ziw Bkb ehsk ikt/ ns/ pikfJ
fe fBZih tkjBK ~ fJeZb/-fJeZb/ ftnesh
tb'I tofsnk ikt/, f}nkdkso iBse tkjB
uZbD/ ukjhd/ jB. Gkt/I fe 1950 s'I
s/b ns/ e[dosh r?; efwFB tb'I Gkos
d/ tZy-tZy y/soK ftu y'i ehsh ik ojh
j? go T[; ftu f}nkdk ;cbsk BjhI
fwb ojh. fJ; bJh i/ b'V nB[;ko
g{osh BjhI tXkJh ik ;edh sK fJj }o{oh
j? fe fJ; dh b'V ~ xNkfJnk ikt/ ns/
T[gbpX g{osh ~ ;ziw Bkb tofsnk ikt/
sK fe fJ; d/ Gzvko GftZy dh t;'I bJh
;[oZfyns ofjD.
eJh Fesh ;o'sK ftu Gkos dh
pj[sks j? fiBQK ftu otkfJsh T{oik
nkT[Idh j? fit/I ;{oi dh Fesh, pB;gsh
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

tb'I fwbdk s/b ns/ jtk dh Fesh.

fJBQK ;o'sK dh tos'I ~ nkX[fBe T{oik
dh irj tofsnk ik ;edk j? go fJBQK
;o'sK dh T[Bh tos'I BjhI ehsh ik ojh
fizBh nk;kBh Bkb pj[s jh xZN bkrs
#s/ ehsh ik ;edh j?. otkfJsh T{oik ~
tosD ;zpzXh b'VhIdhnK seBheK ;zpzXh
y'i th pj[s xZN ehsh rJh j?. fJBQK
;o'sK dh tos'I dh ikDekoh ns/ bkGK
;zpzXh nfrnkBsk j? fi; eoe/ Gkos
ftu ftFkb ;kXB j'D d/ pkti{d Gkos
dhnK T{oik w[FfebK fJ; d/ ftek; ftu
tZvh o[ektN j?. Gkos s/b ;o'sK ftu
pj[s ew}'o j? go E'ohnw d/ T[sgkdB
ns/ GzvkoK ftu pj[s nwho j?. fJ;
e'b :{o/Bhnw dh ewh j? fi; eoe/
Gkos ~ nwohek Bkb ;wM"sk eoBk
fgnk sK fe Gkos dhnK Fesh b'VK dh
g{osh ehsh ik ;e/. Gkos e'b 125
fwbhnB whNfoe NB d/ s/b Gzvko jB.
2010 ftu Gkos B/ 33H69 fwbhnB NB
eZuk s/b iK 877 j}ko p?ob gqfs fdB
eZfYnk ;h.

Gkos d/ s/b d/ y/so

f}nkdkso ;oekoh y/ s o
d/ nXhB jB ns/ Gkos dk
s/b ns/ e[dosh r?; efwFB
;G s'I tZvh s/b ezgBh j?.
go fJzBh tZvh t;'I dhnK
b'VK d/F d/ GzvkoK s'I
g{ohnK BjhI j[zdhnK jB id'I
fe tXdhnK s/b ehwsK
Gkos d/ nk:ks fpb ~
tXk ojhnK jB i' Gkosh
t;'I ~ ;[u/s eodhnK jB
fe GftZy ftu s/b b'VK ~
;hws ofynk ikt/ ns/ :'r
Yzr Bkb tofsnk ikt/.

e[dosh ;o'sK ftu e[dosh r?;

fJe wjZstg{oB e[dosh ;kXB j?. Gkos
e'b 143 fpbhnB feT{fpe whNo d/
e[dosh r?; Gzvko jB. fJBQK ftu'I
f}nkdkso r?; gZSwh sZN s'I ]k; eoe/
w[zpJh jkJh ezgb?e; s'I fBebdh j?. fJ;
s'I fJbktk n;w, nKXo gqdF/ ns/ r[ioks
okiK s'I th tZvh wksok ftu e[dosh r?;
fwbdh j?. Gkos jo ;kb 1000 fpbhnB
feT{fpe c[ZN r?; g?dk eodk j? go fJj
wksok Gkos dhnK b'VK s'I pj[s xZN j?
fi; bJh Gkos ~ jo ;kb r?; nk:ks
eoBh g?d
I h j?. Gkos jo ;kb seohpB
9
93%10 feT{fpe c[ZN r?; dh nk:ks
eodk j? fi; ftu'I f}nkdkso r?; eso
s'I nk:ks ehsh iKdh j?. Gkos ~ feqFBk
r'dktoh sZN s'I th tZvh wksok ftu r?;
Gzvko fwbd/ jB. Gkos ;oeko d/
nXhB r?; nEkfoNh nk\ fJzvhnk r?;
eZYD ns/ tzv dk ezw ehsk iKdk j?.
BthI Bhsh d/ nB[;ko ftd/Fh fBt/F ezgBhnK
ns/ xo/b{ fBZih ezgBhnK ~ gkJhg bkJhBK
ftSkT[D d/ gqki?eN fds/ rJ/ jB. go
fJE/ th ;o'sK dh ewh ns/ tosD
tkfbnK dh pj[sks dk nfj;k; j[zdk j?
fi; bJh fJj b'VhIdk pDdk j? fe fiE/
e[dosh ;o'sK d/ GzvkoK ~ y'iD d/ ezw
ftu tkXk ehsk ikt/ T[E/ fJ; dh tos'I ~
;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb ehsk ikt/ sK fe nkT[D
tkb/ ;w/I ns/ ]k; eoe/ GftZy dh t;'I
bJh fJBQK e[dosh ;o'sK dh ewh wfj;{;
Bk j't./
d/F d/ izrb th e[dosh ;o'sK dk
wjZstg{oB nzr jB. izrbK s'I Bk f;o\
ehwsh bZeV fwbdh j? iK pj[s b'VhIdhnK
iVhnK p{NhnK fwbdhnK jB ;r'I izrbK
dk e[dosh tksktoB pDkJh oZyD ftu
th tZvk fjZ;k j?. tksktoB wkfjoK okjhI
Gkos d/ e[Zb y/so ftu 33 gqfsFs
izrb j'D Bkb, tksktoB dk ;zs[bB
pkeh ;\k 43 T[`s/

39

;kv/ :[te

okFNo fBowkD ftu :[teK dh G{fwek

nfwsk Fjhd

127 eo'V dh t;'I d/

fj;kp Gkos d[ B hnK ftu
d{ik tZvk d/F j? go fJ;
dh fJe ]k; ftbZyD rZb
fJj j? fe 15 s'I 35 ;kb
se d/ :[teK dh frDsh
Gkos ftu 65 eo'V d/
eohp j? i' e[Zb t;'I dk
50 gqfsFs pDdk j?.
fJzBh tZvh :[te t;'I j'o
fe;/ th d/F ftu BjhI.
40

B[Zyh ;kXB fe;/ d/F dk XB

j[zd/ jB. fJ; B/ T[sgkdB
g?dk eoBk j[zdk j? fi; #s/ d/F dhnK
b'VK ns/ ;[Zy-nkokw dhnK t;s{nK dh
g{osh fBoGo eodh j?. 15 s'I 35 ;kb
se dh T[wo d/ :[te wod ns/ n"osK
dh d/F d/ ftek; ns/ e[b
Z xo/b{ T[sgkdB
bJh ]k; wjZssk j?. Gkt/I fe 15 s'I 60
;kb se dh T[wo d/ b'e o[}rko #s/
bZr/ frD/ iKd/ jB go 18 s'I 35 ;kb
se d/ wod ns/ n"osK dh T[sgkfdesk
tv/oh T[wo d/ ftneshnK s'I fes/ f}nkdk
j' ;edh j?. fJj T[j tor j? i'
Bt/-I Bt/I T[`dw F[o{ eoB ns/ i']w b?D
dh fjzws oydk j? fi; ~ pZfunK ns/
p}[orK tb'I BjhI ehsk ik ;edk.
127 eo'V dh t;'I d/ fj;kp Gkos
d[BhnK ftu d{ik tZvk d/F j? go fJ;
dh fJe ]k; ftbZyD rZb fJj j? fe 15
s'I 35 ;kb se d/ :[teK dh frDsh
Gkos ftu 65 eo'V d/ eohp j? i' e[Zb
t;'I dk 50 gqfsFs pDdk j?. fJzBh tZvh
:[te t;'I j'o fe;/ th d/F ftu BjhI.
fte;s d/FK ftu n";s T[wo 85 ;kb
d/ eohp j'D eoe/ 60 ;kb s'I tZX dh
t;'I tZvh frDsh ftu j[zdh j? id fe
Gkos ftu 60 ;kb s'I tZX T[wo d/
ftneshnK dh frDsh UBh BjhI j?.
:[teK ftu pj[s/ ftfdnkoEh, y/sh
ns/ T[d:'fre ekw/, ;/tktK #s/ bZr/
ftnesh, tZy-tZy g/fFnK ftu f;ybkJh
gqkgs eod/ j'J/ B"itkB fiBQK B/ pknd

ftu e[Fbsk b'VhId/ ezwK ftu ezw eoBk

j? ns/ pj[s ;ko/ p/-o[}rko th nkT[d
I /
jB. ftfdnkoEh ns/ e[Fbsk bJh f;ybkJh
gqkgs eod/ :[te GftZy bJh T[sgkdB
eoB :'r pDd/ jB. id fe ezw #s/
bZr/ j'J/ T[d:'fre ns/ y/sh feosh j[D
T[sgkdB eo oj/ jB. fJBQK ftu ftfdnk
gqkgsh ns/ seBheh f;ybkJh gqkgs :[te
th nkT[d
I / jB. T[BQK B/ ni/ nkgD/
e?ohno ~ F[o{ jh ehsk j[zdk j? ns/ T[j
Gkt/I fe fJ; g/F/ ftu bZr/ j'J/ nkgD/ s'I
;hBhno n\;oK ns/ nj[d/dkoK dh
nrtkJh nXhB ezw eod/ jB. T[BQK ~
u[Bs' hnK Gog{o ezw f;o\ fJ; eoe/ fds/
iKd/ jB fe fJj jh T[j b'e jB i'
BthnK bhjK gk ;ed/ jB ns/ fiBQK #s/
d/F dk GftZy fBoGo eodk j?.
fe;/ th d/F dk fBowkD T[E'I d/
:[teK #s/ fBoGo eodk j?. n;b ftu,
pZfunK ns/ p}[orK ~ d/F dh skes
BjhI frfDnk ik ;edk. :[teK ~ jh
d/F dh skes frfDnk iKdk j?. fJj
f;o\ fJ; bJh BjhI fe d/F dh ;[oZfynk
dh f}zw/tkoh T[BQK d/ w'fYnK #s/ j[zdh j?
;r'I jo y/so ftu ezw eoB tkfbnK
ftu T[BQK dh wjZstg{oB G{fwek j?.
Gkos dh t;'I ftu ni/ th 58 gqfsFs
b'e y/sh ftu bZr/ j'J/ jB id fe f;o\
13 gqfsFs T[d:'rK ftu ns/ 29 gqfsFs
;/tktK ftu. fJ; t;'I ftu'I nZX/ T[j jB
fiBQK dh T[wo 15 s'I 35 ;kb se dh
j?. ]k; eoe/ y/sh ftu fiE/ f}nkdkso
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;ohoe feos eoBh g?d

I h j? ns/ e[Fbsk
iK nkX[fBe wFhBoh dh G{fwek xZN j?.
T[; d/F ftu fiE/ 58 gqfsFs nkpkdh
y/sh ftu bZrh j't/ ns/ T[j d/F y/sh
gqXkB j't/, fco fiE/ wFhBK ns/ nkX[fBe
seBheK dh irj #s/ feos w[yh seBheK
iK f}nkdk ezw b?D bJh feos ~
f}nkdk tofsnk iKdk j't/ T[E/ :[teK dh
wjZssk j'o th tX iKdh j?. pkeh
nkofEesk dk nkXko jh y/sh T[sgkdB j?
feT[fI e T[d:'rK bJh b'VhIdk eZuk wkb th
y/sh B/ fsnko eoBk j? ns/ y/sh ftu'I jh
uzrh ns/ ekch wksok ftu y[oke g?dk
j'Dh j? fijVh f}nkdkso y/sh ftu bZrh
j'Jh t;'I #s/ fBoGo eodh j? go T[BQK
ftu'I th f}nkdk :[teK #s/.
Gkos ftu pj[s tZvhnK e'fFFK
ehshnK rJhnK jB fe T[d:'fre y/so
~ fte;s eoe/ pj[sh t;'I y/sh s'I pdb
e/ T[d:'rK ftu brkJh ikt/. ;[szsosk
s'I b? e/ j[D se T[d:'rK ftu bZrh j'Jh
t;'I fszB r[Dk j' rJh j? go ;w[Zu/ d/F
ftu ni/ th T[d:'rK ftu bZrh t;'I
f;o\ 13 gqfsFs jh j?. fJ; soQK 13
gqfsFs t;'I ftu'I 50 gqfsFs :[te jB.
fJ; gqeko d/F dk T[d:'fre T[sgkdB
th :[teK #s/ jh fBoGo eodk j?. ;/tktK
d/ y/so ftu bZr/ 29 gqfsFs b'eK ftu'I
th nZX/ :[te jB. ;/tktK dk y/so
Gkos ftu pj[s s/}h Bkb tfXnk j?.
nZieZbQ ;/tktK d/ y/so s'I Gkos d/ e[Zb
xo/b{ T[sgkdB ftu 45 gqfsFs dk
:'rdkB gkfJnk ik fojk j?. fJ; dk
fJj noE th j? fe 29 gqfsFs t;'I d/
fjZ;/ 45 gqfsFs nkwdB nkT[Idh j?.
pj[s ;kohnK ;/tktK bJh nkgD/ xo s'I
d{o ik e/ ezw eoBk g?Idk j? fi; ~ nkw
s"o s/ 50 ;kb dh T[wo s'I tZX tkb/
b'e Nkbd/ jB. fJ; bJh fJj :[te jh
jB i' d{o d[okv/ ik e/ ;/tktK gqdkB eo
;ed/ jB.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

fJj rZb th toBD

:'r j? fe fgSb/ fJe
djke/ ftu ;{uBk seBkb'ih
d/ y/so ftu pj[s tZvk
tkXk
:[teK
T[j

j'fJnk j? fJ; ftu

dk ]k; :'rdkB j?.
fdB d/ jo ;w/I, jo

o[Zs ns/ tZy-tZy y/soK ftu

ik e/ fBg[zBsk Bkb nkgD/
\o} fBGk oj/ jB.
fgSb/ fJe djke/ ftu
fizBh o\sko Bkb
ftek; j'fJnk j?
;{uBk seBkb'ih

T[d:'fre
T[; ftu
dk tZvk

fjZ;k j? fi; ftu pj[s/

:[te bZr/ j'J/ jB.
Gkos s'I pkjob/ d/FK ftu ik e/
ezw eoB tkb/ b'eK dh frDsh 55 bZy
d/ eohp j' rJh j?. fJj b'e :{og,
nwohek, n;Nqb
/ hnk, n\ohek ns/ J/Fhnk
d/ j'o d/FK ftu ik e/ ezw eo oj/ jB.
go T[BQK d/ foFs/ nkgD/ xoK Bkb i[V/
j'J/ jB fi; eoe/ T[j T[BQK d/FK ftu'I
ewkJh eoe/ nkgDhnK pusK tkfg; nkgD/
xoK ftu vkboK, g"IvK, :{o', :?B ns/
fdBkoK dh Feb ftu G/id/ jB. fJBQK
tb'I jo o'} eo'VK o[fgnK dh ftd/Fh
w[dok G/ih ik ojh j?. fJj th fdbu;g
sZE j? fe fJ; pkjo s'I ewkJh eoe/
G/ih ik ojh ftd/Fh w[dok ftu'I 95
gqfsFs d/ eohp ewkJh f;o\ :[teK tb'I
G/ih ik ojh j? id fe f;o\ 5 gqfsFs
d/ eohp jh fJ; T[wo s'I tZv/ b'eK tb'I
G/ih ik ojh j?.
nZieZbQ Gkos ftu fijV/ ftd/Fh

w[dok d/ tZv/ Gzvko iwQK j' rJ/ jB fJj

T[BQK gqtk;hnK d/ pusK G/iD eoe/ th
jB. fJe sK T[j ftfdnkoEh iK :[te
fijV/ nkgDh ftZfdnk ysw eoe/ pkjo
ikD dhnK e'fFFK eod/ jB. fJj :[te
nkgD/ wK-pkg iK nkgD/ #s/ fBoGo b'eK
bJh nkgDh ewkJh dk e[M fjZ;k G/id/
jB. Bk pZu/ ns/ Bk jh tZvh T[wo d/
b'e fJBQK pusK G/iD tkfbnK ftu'I jB.
pZu/ sK ezw BjhI eo ;ed/ ns/ tZvh
T[wo d/ b'e nkgD/ nkg ~ T[BQK d/FK
ftu iK fco e[M ;w/I s'I pknd tkfg;
nkgD/ d/F ftu nk e/ ;Ekfgs eo b?d
I /
jB. fJ; gqeko ftd/Fh w[dok d/ GzvkoK
~ iwQK eoB ftu tZvk :'rdkB B"itkBK
tb'I jh gkfJnk iKdk j?.
fe;/ th d/F d/ ftek; bJh T[E'I dh
y'i dh ]k; wjZssk j?. fJj y'i Gkt/I
y/sh ;zpzXh j't/ iK T[d:'rK ;zpzXh iK fe;/
th j'o y/so dh j't/. fJ; y'i ~ T[;
d/F d/ tksktoB, ;wkfie, nkofEe ns/
G{rf' be YKu/ nB[;ko nB[eb
{ j'Dk ukjhdk
j?. Gkos ftu y/sh, T[d:'r, seBheh
frnkB ns/ tksktoB ;zpzXh pj[s tZvhnK
y'i gqkgshnK ehshnK rJhnK jB, fJj
gqkgshnK feBQK B/ ehshnK jB fJj T[BQK
ekoiK ftu bZr/ j'J/ ftdtkBK tb'I ehshnK
rJhnK jB. Gkt/I fe fJBQK y'i ekoiK dh
nrtkJh sK ;[bM/ j'J/ ns/ tZvh T[wo d/
ftdtkBK tb'I ehsh rJh j? go T[BQK ~
f}nkdkso ftfdnkoEh d/ o{g ftu :[teK
B/ jh F[o{ ehsk j[zdk j?. jo y/so d/
ftfdnkoEh nkgDh ftfdne :'rsk s'I
pknd y'i ekoiK ftu bZr iKd/ jB.
fiE'I d/ ftfdnkoEh uzrh ns/ bkGdkfJe
y'i eod/ jB T[; dk bkG ;ko/ jh ;wki
~ fwbdk j?. Gkos d/ Bt fBowkD ftu
fJBQK y'ihnK dk tZvk fjZ;k j? fiBQK B/
:{Bhtof;NhnK, seBheh, w?vheb ns/ ;wkfie
;z;EktK ftu p?m e/ ;ys fwjBs ns/
brB Bkb T[j BthnK y'iK fdshnK fiBQK
41

s'I ;ko/ jh ;wki ns/ T[BQK g/fFnK Bkb

;zpzfXs b'eK ~ ckfJdk j'fJnk. fJ;
Bkb ftek; dh o\sko ftu s/}h nkJh,
ezw ;[ykbk pfDnk, E'VQ/ ;w/I ns/ E'VQh
bkrs Bkb f}nkdk T[sgkdB j'fJnk ns/
fJBQK ekoiK ftu tZvh G{fwek ojh :[te
wodK ns/ n"osK dh.
Gkos ftu pj[s ;kohnK ;wkfie
p[okJhnK brksko ;wki dk fjZ;k pDhnK
j'JhnK jB fit/I BF/, nzXftFtk;, nBgVQsk,
i{nk ns/ ekbk pk}ko nkfd. fJBQK d/
wro tZ v / ekoB jB rohph ns/
p/o[}rkoh. fJBQK s'I fJbktk ;wki dhnK
eJh o;wK fit/I dki gqEk, S'Nh T[wo d/
ftnkj, FkdhnK #s/ c}{b youh ns/
ftyktk nkfd nkofEe ;fEsh ~ j'o
ew}'o eo fdzd/ jB. pj[s ;ko/ ek~B
fJBQK p[okJhnK ~ o'eD bJh pD/ j'J/ jB
go T[BQK ek~BK ~ bkr{ eoBk pj[s
w[Ffeb pD iKdk j?. fJ; bJh fJBQK
p[okJhnK ~ o'eD bJh ;wki dh G{fwek
pVh }o{oh j?. go i/ fJ; ftu :[te
gfjb eoB sK fJj p[okJhnK nk;kBh
Bkb ns/ xZN ;w/I ftu o[e ;edhnK
jB. id'I ftnkj FkdhnK Bkb i[V/ c}{b
you dh rZb nkT[d
I h j? sK ftnkj
FkdhnK sK :[teK dhnK jh j[zdhnK jB.
i/ :[te fJ; ftu nZr/ nkT[D ns/ nkg
jh T[BQK c}{b youh ns/ ftykt/ ~ o'eD
dk j";bk ftykT[D. T[j dki Bk b?D dk
gqD eoB sK fJ; Bkb T[j fJe tZvh
G{fwek fBGk ;ed/ jB. :[teK dhnK
;GktK, fJBQK p[okJhnK ~ o'eD bJh
;wki ~ wip{o eo ;edhnK jB. fJ;
soQK :[te ;wki fBowkD ftu T[j ezw
eo ;ed/ jB fi; ~ pZfunK ns/
p}[orK tb'I nk;kBh Bkb BjhI ehsk ik
;edk.
1962 ns/ 1975 s'I pknd d' tko
d/F ftu vke{nK Bkb gqGkfts y/soK ftu
vke{nK ~ nksw-;wogD eoB dhnK
42

nghbK ehshnK rhnK. gfjbh tko T[;

;w/I d/ wjkB ;wki ;[Xkoe ftB'Gk Gkt/
tb'I ns/ d{;oh tko i? gqekF BkokfJD
tb'I. d't/I tko jh fiBQK b'eK B/ nksw;wogD ehsk T[BQK ftu pj[s/ itkB
T[wo d/ vke{ ;B ns/ T[BQK tb'I vke/
wkoB dh w[yZ tij p/-o[}rkoh ns/ ;wkfie
p[okJhnK dZ;hnK rJhnK. i/ T[BQK :[teK
~ T[; ;w/I s'I :'r nrtkJh, o[}rko ns/
mhe ;wkfie wkj"b fwb iKdk sK T[j
:[te fijV/ nwB bJh ]sok ;B T[j
d/F fBowkD ftu tZvh G{fwek fBGk
b?d
I ./ ni/ th e[okj/ gJ/ T[j b'e fijV/
fJ; soQK dhnK ;wki fto'Xh ekotkJhnK
ftu bZr/ j'J/ jB, T[BQK ftu pj[s :[te
jh jB fijV/ mhe nrtkJh dh wzr
eod/ jB.

fijV/ :[te wB[Zyh ;o's

ezw #s/ bZr/ j'J/ jB T[j
T[sgkdB eo oj/ jB ns/
d/F dh ][Fjkbh ftu fjZ;k
gk oj/ jB. fijV/ b'e
ftjb/ ofjzd/ jB T[BQK
dhnK T[gG'rsk b'VK sK
T[j' jh ofjzdhnK jB go
T[j T[sgkdB e'Jh th
BjhI eod/. fJ; gqeko
T[BQK dh fijVh feos
nZi BjhI ehsh rJh T[j
eZbQ se sK pukJh BjhI ik
;edh. fJzi fJj wB[Zyh
;kXBK dk \}{b ikDk j?.
o[}rko Gkt/I jo T[wo d/ ftnesh

bJh ]k; eoe/ 15 s'I 60 ;kb se dh

T[wo d/ ftu b'VhIdk j? go o[}rko ~
fFZds Bkb bZGD bJh :[te jh e'fFF
eod/ jB. o[}rko bZGD dh e'fFF
eodk j? ns/ i/ e'b o[}rko BjhI sK T[;
~ p/o[}rko frfDnk iKdk j?. fiE/ T[;
dh p/-o[}rkoh T[; dk nkgDk fBZih B[e;kB
j? T[E/ T[j T[; okFNo dk th B[e;kB j?
feT[fI e T[j nkgDhnK T[gG'rsk b'VK sK
g{ohnK eo fojk j? go T[sgkdB e[M th
BjhI eo fojk.
fJE/ fJe o[uh dk toBD eoBk
pj[s :'r j?. Gkos d/ :[teK tb'I
nwohek, iowBh, e?B/vk nkfd fte;s
d/FK ftu ikD dhnK tZvhnK e'fFFK ehshnK
iKdhnK jB. fJj e'fFFK nkw s"o s/
:[teK tb'I jh ehshnK iKdhnK jB.
pZfunK ~ sK b'V BjhI, p}[or fJ; soQK
d/ gqtk; dk i'fyw BjhI b? ;ed/. go
fte;s d/F jo fJe ~ nkgD/ d/F ftu
nkT[D dh fJik}s BjhI fdzd./ T[j T[BQK
:[teK ~ nkT[D dh fJik}s d/ fdzd/ jB
fijV/ vkeNo jB, fJzihBhno jB, ezfgT{No
wkjo jB iK e'Jh j'o e[Fbsk oyd/
jB. fJ; dk noE j? fe e[Fbsk Gog{o
:[teK dh T[BQK d/FK ftu th ewh j? ns/
T[j nkgD/ wB[Zyh ;kXBK ftu tkXk eoB
bJh ftek; eo oj/ d/FK d/ e[Fbsk
Gog{o b'eK ~ th fJik}s d/ fdzd/ jB.
fJ; Bkb fi; d/F ftu ik e/ T[j ezw
eod/ jB T[j T[E'I d/ T[sgkdB ns/
][Fjkbh ftu fjZ;k gkT[d
I / jB go fijV/
d/F iK Gkos s'I T[j T[E/ iKd/ jB T[j
T[; d/F dk B[e;kB j?, i' fJ; rZb dh
fusktBh eokT[d
I k j? fe d/F d/ :[teK ~
fiE/ e[Fbsk gqkgs eoBh ukjhdh j? T[E/
T[BQK ~ nkgD/ d/F ftu ofjD dh
gqo/ Bk eoBh ukjhdh j?.
p/o[}rkoh dh gfoGkFk fJj ehsh
iKdh j? fe fijVk ftnesh ezw eoBk
ukj[zdk j? go T[; ~ ezw fwbdk BjhI
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

T[j p/-o[}rko j?. fJj o[}rko f;o\

:[te jh ukj[zd/ jB ns/ p/-o[}rko j'D
dh jkbs ftu T[j ;wki ftu jhD
GktBk th rqfjD eo b?d
I / jB. Gkos
ftu Gkt/I ftfdnk ~ ;e{b dh gZXo #s/
w[\s ns/ bk}wh th ehsk frnk j? go
ni/ th d/F ftu gfVQnK-fbfynK dh
frDsh f;o\ 69 gqfsFs j? pkeh d/ 31
gqfsFs fijV/ BjhI gVQd/ T[j ;G :[te
jh jB, fJBQK ftu bVehnK dh frDsh
f}nkdk j?. ftZfdnk d/ Bk j'D eoe/ T[j
e[Fbsk dk nkXko BjhI pD ;ed/. fJ;
bJh T[j B"itkB fijV/ d/F dh ][Fjkbh
ftu tZvk fjZ;k gk ;ed/ jB T[j fJ; s'I
tKM/ ofj iKd/ jB ns/ :[teK ftu'I 31
gqfsFs ;ohoe feos eoB bJh wip{o
j' iKd/ jB. Gkos ftu 76 gqfsFs
nkpkdh fgzvK ftu ofjzdh j? ns/ ;[Gkfte
jh j? fe fJ; jh nkpkdh ftu :[teK dh
f}nkdk frDsh j? go fJe ;ot/ dh
fog'oN nB[;ko :{Bhtof;NhnK ns/ T[`u
ftfdnk dhnK ;z;EktK ftu dkyb j'D
tkfbnK ftu fgzvK d/ pZfunK dh frDsh
f;o\ 4 gqfsFs j? i' fJ; rZb tZb
fJFkok eodh j? fe ftZfdnk fi; ~ w[Zy
s"o s/ :[teK tb'I rqfjD ehsk iKdk j?
T[; ftu fJe tZvh Bk-pokpoh B}o
nkT[d
I h j? fi; eoe/ Gkos d/ :[teK tb'I
d/F d/ fBowkD ftu pokpo dk fjZ;k
BjhI gkfJnk ik ;edk.
Gkos e'b 65 eo'V d/ eohp :[teK
dh t;'I dk j'Dk id fe d[BhnK Go ftu
fJj 18 gqfsFs j? ns/ T[whd ehsh iKdh
j? fe 2020 se Gkos dh t;'I ftu
gqfsFs 4H7 eo'V j'o :[te i[V ikDr/.
d/F d/ fBowkD ftu :[teK dh tZvh
G{fwek ~ fXnkB ftu oyd/ j'J/ fJj
}o{oh pD iKdk j? fe :[teK dh Fesh
dk tZX s'I tZX bkG b?D bJh :'iBktK
pDkJhnK ikD. :[teK d/ cozN #s/ Gkos
d/ ;kjwD/ i' u[B"shnK jB T[BQK ftu w[Zy
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

j? ftZfdnk ~ 100 gqfsFs eoBk feT[fI e

i' fe;/ th e[Fbsk bJh ftZfdnk w[Ybk
nkXko j?, d{;oh tZvh u[B"sh j?, e[Fb
ekohroK ns/ T[`uhnK fvrohnK gqkgs
:[teK dh frDsh ftu tkXk eoBk.

:[teK dh p/-o[}rkoh d/F

;kjwD/ fJe j'o tZvh
u[B"sh j? ns/ :'iBktK ~
fJ; Yz r Bkb ngDkfJnk
ikDk ukjhdk j? fe :[teK
ftu p/ - o[ } rkoh dh GktBk
jh Bk j't/ ns/ T[BQK dh
e[Fbsk ns/ :'rsk
nB[;ko T[BQK ~ o[}rko
fwb ikt/ sK fe T[;
d/F dh ][Fjkbh ftu
:' r dkB gk ;eD.
(b/fyek b?euoo, tDi ftGkr, bkfJbg[o
ykb;k ekbi, ibzXo
j?.)
;\k 39 dh pkeh

pfDnk ofjzdk j? i' nB[e{b ibtk:{ ns/

:'r wksok ftu pkfoF bJh }o{oh j?.
t;'I d/ tZv/ p'M eoe/ fgSb/ e[M ;w/I s'I
izrbK dh pj[s tZvh wksok ftu eNkJh
ehsh iKdh ojh j? fi; eoe/, izrbK dh
wksok j[D 27 gqfsFs d/ eohp ofj
rJh j?. jo oki dh ;oeko tZX s'I tZX
doZys bkT[D #s/ }'o d/ ojh j? ns/
izrbK dk y/so tXkT[D bJh brksko
fBZih ;z;EktK ns/ ftneshnK ~ T[sFkfjs
ehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; bJh BfjoK,
;VeK, o/bK ns/ iBse ndkfonK, gkoeK
nkfd ftu tZX s'I tZX doZ]s brkJ/ ik
oj/ jB sK fe fijVh ewh izrbK d/
y/so ftu j'Jh j? T[; ~ g{ok ehsk ik
;e/. izrbK ~ tXkT[Dk fJe soc ns/

fJBQK dh :'r tos'I d{;oh soc ;kvh

GftZy dh t;'I bJh pj[s }o{oh j?.
fit/I F[o{ ftu dZf;nk frnk j? fe
fe;/ th d/F dh ][Fjkbh tZv/ s"o s/
e[dosh ;o'sK #s/ fBoGo eodh j? go
fJj fJ; rZb #s/ th fBoGo eodh j? fe
T[BQK ;o'sK dh tos'I fe; soQK ehsh ik
ojh j?.e[dosh ;kXB i' e[dos tb'I G[wh,
gkDh, yfDi, s/b, o'FBh nkfd d/ o{g
ftu fwb/ jB T[BQK ftu tkXk sK ehsk
BjhI ik ;edk go T[BQK dh ;[uZih tos'I
Bkb jh n;hI nkgD/ ns/ GftZy dh t;'I
bJh jK gZyh f;ZN/ d/ ;ed/ jB.
fe;/ d/F dh y/sh T[E'I dh G{wh,
ibtk:{ ns/ gkDh d/ ;o'sK nkfd #s/
fBoGo eodh j?. y/sh T[gi fe;/ d/F dk
T[d:'fre ftek; fBoGo eodk j?. fe;/
d/F dk eZgVk, yzv, T{Bh eZgVk, v/noh
t;s{nK, ykD tkb/ s/b ns/ gN;B nkfd
dk T[d:'r T[; d/F dh y/sh #s/ fBoGo
eodk j?. T[d:'rK bJh b'VhIdk eZuk
wkb :'r g{osh ftu Bk fwbD eoe/ T[E'I
d/ T[d:'r nkgDh g{oh ;woEk Bkb BjhI
ub ;ed/. fJ; bJh gfjbK fwb/ j'J/
e[dosh ;o'sK ~ mhe wksok ftu tosDk
sK fe T[d:'rK d/ ftek; ftu e'Jh
o[ektN Bk nkJ/ fi; #s/ T[E'I dk o[}rko
fBoGo eodk j?. fJ; gqeko, e[dosh
;o'sK dh tos'I T[sgkdB s'I b? e/,
T[gG'rsk se dhnK ;kohnK gZXoK ~
gqGkfts eodk j?. go e[dosh ;o'sK dh
rbs tos'I Bk f;oc bzw/ ;w/I ftu
T[sgkdB ~ jh gqGkfts eodh j? ;r'I
T[j tksktoB ~ th gqGkfts eodh j?.
fit/I gfjbK dZf;nk frnk j? fe brksko
o;kfJDe gdkoEK dh b'V s'I tZX tos'I
ns/ gkDh dk brksko Xosh EZfbT[I eZYD
Bkb tksktoB d/ ;zs[bB dh ;wZf;nk
g?dk eo d/t/rk fi; Bkb GftZy dh t;'I
gqGkfts j't/rh.
(b/fyek ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)
43

ftfrnkB

e[vBebkw fty/ fBT{ebhno gbKN

vkH e[bdhg f;zx Xho

nZi n;hI d[BhnK d/ e[Zb

T{oik T[sgkdB dk YkJh
gqfsFs s'I th xZN fjZ;k g?dk
eo oj/ jK, go ;kvh ygs
;kY/ fszB gqfsFs d/ B/V/ ik
ojh j?. nZi 180 rhrk tkN
fpibh Bkb ;kvk r[}kok w;K
j[zdk j?. nrb/ thj ;kbK
ftu ;kvh b'V uko r[Dk s'I
th NZg e/ g"D/ nZm ;" rhrk
tkN j' ikDh j?. fJ;/
fgZmG{wh ftu S/ j}ko
w?rktkN d/ e[vBe[bkw d/
n?Nwh fpibh gbKN pko/ rZb
nkw ehsh ik ojh j?.
d/F d/ tZy-tZy fjZf;nK ftu
nfij/ gbKNK d/ bkT[D, Bk
bkT[D pko/ ;k~ fBFu/ jh
rz G hosk Bkb ;' u Dk gt/ r k.
44

oZeh d/ gjhJ/ fpibh Bkb jh

x[wz d/ jB. fpibh pDkT[D tk;s/
gkDh, e'bk, vh}b, jtk, ;{oi, r'jk-e{Vk
ns/ n?Nwh pkbD ;kv/ w{b nkXko jB.
fJe gk;/ ;kvhnK T{oik b'VK s/}h Bkb
tX ojhnK jB ns/ d{i/ gk;/ e'b,/ s/b,
vh}b g?No'b d/ Gzvko d[BhnK Go ftu
ykbh j' oj/ jB. jtk s'I fpibh pDkT[D
bJh s/} jtktK tkb/ fJbke/ jh ;kv/ ezw
nk ;ed/ jB. ;{oih X[Zg s'I T{oik,
o'FBh, fpibh jk;b eo e/ fBZe/ tZv/
c[Neb fe;w d/ ezw d/F Go ftu j'D
bZr/ jB. gkDh s'I fpibh pDkT[D bJh
;w[zdoh bfjoK s/ itko GkfNnK dh tos'I
th n;hI F[o{ eo bJh j?. dfonktK
BdhnK T[s/ fBZe/ tZv/ v?w ns/ ib-fpibh
d/ pj[-w[yh gqki?eN GkyVk Bzrb s/ jhoke[vz
v?wK Bkb pj[s gfjbK F[o{ j' rJ/ ;B.
tZv/ v?wK pko/ eJh ;wki ;/th fto'X eod/
jB. fJjh jkb n?Nwh fpibh gbKNK dk
j?. T{oik dh b'V g{oh eoB bJh ;oeko
tZv/ ns/ Bt/I n?Nwh gbKN bkT[D dh
rZb F[o{ eodh j? sK T[; dk th fto'X
j'D brdk j?. igkB d/ c[e{Fhwk n?Nwh
fon?eNo d/ jkd;/ T[gozs nkw nkdwh ~
whvhnk B/ e[M tX/o/ jh vok fdsk j?.
ewkb fJj j? fe b'e n?Nw pzp s/
jkJhvo'iB pzp dk fto'X th fJzBk BjhI
eod/ fizBk n?Nwh fBT{ebh gkto gbKNK
dk eod/ jB.
d/F, d/F d/ :'iBkeko, f;nk;sdkB,
ftfrnkBh ns/ b'e nihp T[bMD dk

fFeko jB. T{oik feE'I jk;b eoB. tZv/

v?w ns/ n?Nwh fpibh gbKN d'jK dk
fto'X j'D brdk j?. nwohek Bkb
n?Nwh ;wM"sk th T{oik ;zeN d/ jZb
bJh sobk ;h. nZyK whN e/ fto'X dh
EK ;[oZfyns ns/ ;;sh T{oik bJh fi;
fe;w d/ gbKN dh th ;zGktBk j't/, T[;
~ ih nkfJnK efjDk gt/rk. ;" gqfsFs
nkdoF jZb pj[s xZN w;fbnK d/ j[zd/
jB. tZX s'I tZX r[Dk s/ xZN s'I xZN
ewhnK tkbk jZb ;theko eoB ftu e'Jh
jo} BjhI. nZi n;hI d[BhnK d/ e[Zb
T{oik T[sgkdB dk YkJh gqfsFs s'I th
osk xZN fjZ;k g?dk eo oj/ jK, go ;kvh
ygs ;kY/ fszB gqfsFs d/ B/V/ ik ojh
j?. nZi 180 rhrk tkN fpibh Bkb
;kvk r[}kok w;K j[zdk j?. nrb/ thj
;kbK ftu ;kvh b'V uko r[Dk s'I th NZg
e/ g"D/ nZm ;" rhrk tkN j' ikDh j?. i/
fJjh jkb fojk sK eh pD/rk ;kvk. fJ;/
fgZmG{wh ftu S/ j}ko w?rktkN d/ e[vBe[bkw
d/ n?Nwh fpibh gbKN pko/ rZb nkw
nkdwh Bkb ehsh ik ojh j?. rZb fJeZb/
e[vBe[bkw dh BjhI, fJ; fe;w d/ j'o
gbKNK Bkb th ik i[Vdh j?. d/F d/
tZy-tZy fjZf;nK ftu nfij/ gbKNK d/
bkT[D Bk bkT[D pko/ fttkdK pko/ ;k~
fBFu/ jh rzGhosk Bkb ;'uDk gt/rk.
nZyK whN e/ ehsk fto'X Bk d/F d/ fjZs
ftu j? ns/ Bk jh fpBK ;'u ftuko d/
nzBQk ;woEB jh ;kv/ jZe ftu.
ub' w;b/ ~ e[ v Be[ b kw
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

fBT{ebhno gkto gbKN T[s/ e/d

I fos
eo e/ rZb ~ ;wMhJ/. skokg[o, ebgew,
oktsGkNk, Bo'ok, eeokgko s/ e?rk ftu
fJ; ;w/I d/F d/ tZv/ n?Nwh fpibh gbKN
ub oj/ jB. e[vBe[bkw dk gbKN d/F
dk ;G s'I tZvk fBT{ebhno gbKN j? i'
d[BhnK dh ;G s'I tZX fte;s seBkb'ih
dk T[g:'r eo e/ ;Ekgs j' fojk j?.
F[o{ ftu jh fJj rZb dZ;Dh T[fus
brdh j? fe fJj gbKN o{ ; d/
;fj:'r$;wM"s/ dh d/D j?, nwohek dh
BjhI. fJj gbKN ;z:[es ;'thns o{;
ns/ Gkos dhnK ;oekoK d/ Btzpo 1988
ftu j'J/ ;wM"s/ nB[;ko
pD fojk j?. i{B 1998
ftu fJ; ftu osk e[
;'XK j'JhnK ;B. Gkos
B/ fJ; gbKN dh T[;koh,
gqpzX, ;zukbB s/ ;KG;zGkb dk f}zwk fbnk
j?. o{; B/ vh}kJhB,
g{osh s/ fBT{ebhno
pkbD nkfd e[M gZyK s'I
f}zwt/ koh bJh j?. fJeZsh
wkou 2002 ftu gbKN
dhnK BhjK Go e/
13171 eo'V o[gJ/ dh
nB[wkBs bkrs tkb/
fJ; gqki?eN dk nkozG
j'fJnk. fJ; s'I g?dk
j'D tkbh fpibh dk nB[wkfBs w[Zb YkJh
o[gJ/ gqfs :{fBN fwfEnk frnk i' pj[s
tkip j?.
rZb sK n;hI F[o{ eo fdsh j?
e[vBe[bkw dh, go fJj BjhI dZf;nk fe
fJj j? feE/. ;[D'. e[vBe[bkw sfwbBkv{
oki ftu j?. fso{Bb
? t/bh Ffjo s'I gMzso
feb'whNo ns/ u/BZJh s'I ;kY/ S/ ;"
feb'whNo d{o j?. e[vBe[bkw fgzv. fe;kB
T[iVD dk w;bk fJE/ BjhI. pkoF fJE/
po;ksK d/ w";w ftu th Bk wkso j[zdh
j?. ][Fe T[ikV s/ pzio fijk fyZsk.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

Xosh dh T[gikT{ Fesh pj[s xZN.

\;bK Bk wkso ns/ T[j th ne;o
wkohnK iKdhnK jB. dZyD ftu nkw
fd;d/ Bkohnb d/ o[Zy th fJE/ BjhI.
ezfvnkbhnK MkVhnK, e?eN; ns/ ehVhnK
ekfYnK d/ G"D pE/o/ jB. fJj ;ko/
t/y tku e/ d/F d/ n?Nwh T{oik ftGkr
dh ;kJhN ;b?eFB ew/Nh B/ fJj EK
u[Dh ns/ 1989 ftu n?Nwh T{oik
o?r{bN/ oh p'ov B/ fJ; ~ ebhno?;I d/
fdsh. e/d
I oh tksktoB wzsokbk B/ th
fJ;/ ;kb wB}{oh fdsh. Bkrg[o d/
B?FBb n?BtkfJoBw?INb fJzihBhnfozr

fo;ou fJz;NhfuT{N B/ fJ; gbKN d/

tZy-tZy :{fBNK dh wB}{oh 2001 ns/
2003 ftu fdsh. fJBQK T[s/ ;?NI ob
wfB;Noh dh w[jo 2008 s/ 2009 ftu
bZrh. pE/o/ j'o ndko/ s/ ;z;EktK fJ;
d"okB nkg'-nkgD/ ;ot/, fog'oNK s/ nfXn?B
w[ZbzeD g/F eod/ oj/. ed/ ;w[zdoh
feBkfonK dh ;[oZfynk, ed/ oki dh
tksktoB izrbks wfB;Noh, ed/ G[ukb
ftGkr, ed/ jtkpk}h ftGkr, ed/ n?Nwh
;[oZfynk pko/ nfXekoh. ;G B/ m'e tik
e/, fBZeh-fBZeh whB w/y eZY e/ gqki?eN ~

wB}{oh fdsh.
G[ukbK dk e'Jh vo fJ; fyZs/ ftu
BjhI. fJj ;kJhN sK eh fJ; s'I fszB ;"
feb'whNo d{o se Xosh n;wkB SkD
wko/ rJ/. g[okD/ ohekovK B/ fszB ;"
feb'whNo d{o ;zB 1900 ftu fouNo
;e/b T[s/ S/ nzeK d/ fJe' G[ukb dh dZ;
gkJh. j'o fgS/ 1856 ftu fouNo ;e/b
T[s/ ;tk uko nze dk G[ukb fsqftzdow
ftu nkfJnk. fco ;[Bkwh dh rZb s[oh.
d;zpo 2004 dh ;G s'I tZvh ;[Bkwh Bkb
gkDh ;w[zdoh ;sj s'I YkJh whNo s'I th
osk xZN T`[uk T[`fmnk ;h. fBT{ebh
gbKN bJh fJj wzB fbnk
frnk fe ub' tZvh s'I
tZvh ;[Bkwh ;kY/ gzi whNo
dh nkt/rh. T[; ftu d'
whNo dh ;/cNh SZv
e/ gbKN bJh ;kXkoB
fJwkosK dh BhIj ;kY/
;Zs whNo T[ukJh T[s/
oZyh rJh. fJj jh BjhI
ohn?eNo fpbfvzr g"D/
B whNo, ;/cNh vh}b
i?Bo/No ;kY/ B whNo,
p? N ohnK s/ o K whNo,
;N/FB ;[oZfynk wFhBoh
;kY/ ;'bK whNo T[`ukJh
T[s/ ftUIsh rJh. jo
EK d'joh r?;feZN tkb/
bhe go{c w}p{s dotk}/ bkJ/ rJ/.
c[e{Fhwk jkd;/ dh ;[Bkwh dk gkDh th
d; s'I pkoK whNo se jh frnk ;h.
fJj th :kd oyDk gt/rk fe c[e[Fhwk s'I
;[Bkwh dk ;zGkfts e/Ido f;o\ 130
feb'whNo d{o j? id fe e[vBe[bkw s'I
;[Bkwh d/ fe;/ th ;zGkfts e/Ido dh d{oh
v/Y j}ko feb'whNo s'I xZN BjhI. gbKN
d/ vh}kJhB ;w/I jtkJh jkdf;nK, jVQK,
pzpK$ft;c'NK nkfd d/ n;oK ~ th fXnkB
ftu ofynk frnk j?.
Gkos d/ fJ; ;G s'I tZv/ S/ j}ko
45

w?rktkN d/ n?Nwh fpibh gbKN ftu

fJe-fJe j}ko w?rktkN d/ S/ tkNo
ohn?eNo bZr oj/ jB. fJ; fe;w d/
ohn?eNo bkT[D ubkT[D dk bzpk siopk
Gkos s/ o{; d'jK e'b j?. fJ; s'I fpBK
fcBb?Iv, uhB, JhokB, jzroh, p[brkohnk,
:{oghnB :{BhnB s/ d[BhnK d/ fezB/ jh
d/FK ftu fJj ohn?eNo ub oj/ jB.
fJ; ;w/I d[BhnK d/ 432 ohn?eNoK ftu'I
359 bkJhN tkNo ohn?eNo jh jB.
fco n;hI gsk BjhI feT[I voh ik oj/ jK.

eh j[zdk j? ohn?eNo ftu

n?Nwh ftyzvB Bkb < ;/e
g?dk ehsk iKdk j?. fJ;
rowh Bkb gkDh dh Gk\
pDkJh iKdh j?. Gk\ fJe
NopkJhB ubkT[Idh j? fi;
Bkb i?Bo/No ubdk j?. fJj
i?Bo/No fpibh g?dk eodk j?.
n?Nwh ftyzvB bJh :{o/Bhnw
(iK e'Jh j'o n?Nwh pkbD)
u/B ohn?eFB okjhI s'fVnk
iKdk j?. fJ; Bkb jh rowh
g?dk j[zdh j?. :{o/Bhnw n?Nw
~ s'VB dh fefonk fBT{NokBK
Bkb ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; ~
b'V nB[;ko s/} iK j"bh eoB
bJh gqpzX j[zd/ jB. g?dk j'J/
;/e ~ Bkb'-Bkb jh Gk\ pDk
e/ tos fbnk iKdk j?.
;[oZfynk s/ vo dk ;zpzX n?Nwh
ftyzvB dh fefonk d/ fB:zsoB Bkb j?.
fJ; tk;s/ fBT{NokBK dh frDsh xNkJh
tXkJh iKdh j?. ezNo'b okv fcT{b u?Ipo
ftu nZr/ fgZS/ eo e/ fJj ezw j[zdk j?.
fJj okv fBT{NokB u{; b?dI / jB. ohn?eNo
dk fdb fJ; dk T[u/ dpkn tkbh fJe
46

;fbzvo torh F?n j?. e[vBe[bkw ftu

fJj ;kY/ T[`Bh whNo T[`uk s/ ;kY/ uko
whNo ftnk; dk ;fbzvo j?. fJj thj
;?INhwhNo w'Nk w}p{s ;Nhb dk pfDnk
jfJnk j?. nzdo nk;N?fBe ;Nhb dh
gos. fJ; YKu/ ftu ohn?eNo e'o (pkbD
d/ okv), ezNo'b okv s/ j'o wFhBoh j[zdh
j?. fJ; YKu/ ~ mzYk oyD dk gqpzX th
ehsk iKdk j?. ohn?eNo s'I voB dh b'V
BjhI. fJe BjhI eJh gZXoK T[s/ eJh-eJh
ezNo'b j[zd/ jB. jo ezNo'b nkN'wf? Ne,
fpibJh, vh}b, p?Noh s/ wB[Zy d[nkok
jZEhI ubkT[Dk ;zGt j[zdk j?.
n?Nwh pkbD ns/ T[; d/ ftyzvB
Bkb g?dk j'J/ sZsK s'I o/vhJ/FB j[zdh j?.
fJ; s'I puD bJh fJj uh}K w'N/ ;fbzvo
nzdo ;[ofZ yns ofjzdhnK jB. b'V nB[;ko
fJ; dh w'NkJh tXdh xNdh j?. fes/ S/
;?INhwhNo, fes/ pkoK ;?INhwhNo, fes/ thj
;?NI hwhNo. e'o Gkt pkbD ~ mzYk oyD
bJh ftF/F e{fbzr gqpzX j[zd/ jB. Gk\
d/ f}oe'Bhnw nkfd sZsK Bkb w/b ekoB
fe;/ t/b/ jkJhvo'iB th g?dk j[zdh j?.
fJ; ~ th ;zGkbD dk gqpzX j[zdk j? sK
i' nZr bZr e/ ft;c'N Bk j' ikt/. fJ;
bJh g?b/vhnw d/ ohezpkJheo tos/ iKd/
jB i' jkJhvo'iB s/ nke;hiB ~ i'V e/
gkDh pDk fdzd/ jB. e'o dk pkbD fe;/
jkd;/ ftu T[`u skgwkB ekoB tys Bk
gkt/, T[; bJh w?bN e'o e?uo j[zdk j?.
ohn?eNo d/ YKu/ d[nkb/ nzdo{Bh ns/
pkjoh d' tbrDK j[zdhnK jB. fe;/ th
;zeN ;w/I gbKN ftu n?Nwh ftyzvB s[os
pzd j'D d/ gqpzX j[zd/ jB. row n?Nwh
pkbD, ohn?eNo, ftyzvB T[sgkdB ~
mzYk eoB dh fefonk ikoh oyh iKdh j?.
pDh Gk\ ~ mzYk eoB dh fefonk ikoh
ofjzdh j?. jkJhvo'iB ~ ;zGkfbnk iKdk
j?. T[go'es gqpXz i/ nkN'wf? Ne iK fpibJh
sohe/ Bkb Bk ubD sK vh}b fJziB
ubk e/ ehs/ iKd/ jB. ;zeN tX ikt/ sK

p?NohnK dh wdd bJh iKdh j?. rZb

jZE'I fBebdh fd;/ sKI fJzihBhno s/ T[BQK
d/ ;jkfJe nkg w?dkB ftu T[sod/ jB.
n?Nwh gbKNK s'I g?dk j'Jh ;wZroh
~ ;zGkbD d/ gqpzX th ;kv/ e'b jB.
n?Nwh gbKNK dh ;kvh ;[ofZ ynk th w}p{s
j?. ;kv/ e'b brGr fszB djkfenK dk
fJ; y/so dk siopk j?. pVk FkBdko
ns/ ftFtk; :'r ohekov j? ;kv/ n?Nwh
fpibh gbKNK dk. n?Nwh fpibh gbKNK
s'I voB dh e'Jh tij BjhI gqshs j[zdh.
fiE'I se nkw nkdwh dk ;tkb j?,
e[vBe[bkw fij/ fe;/ th gbKN d/ nkb/d[nkb/ gfjb/ v/Y feb'whNo d/ x/o/ ftu
e'Jh nkw nkdwh xo BjhI pDk ;edk.
fJj gqpzX F[o{ ftu jh eo fbnk iKdk
j?.
(b/ y e frnkB-ftfrnkB ;z p z X h T[ ` x k
fbykoh s/ gZsoeko j?.)
;\k 34 dh pkeh

fit/I fe w?rBN f;nkjh gSkD e'v (n?w

nkJh ;h nko), g/F eoB dh fwsh ns/
T[; p?eI d/ t/ot/ fiE/ fJj g/F ehsk
iKdk j?.
u?`e NozeF/ B dh fJj BthI gqDkbh
;ko/ d/F ftu bkr{ ehsh ik ojh j?.
fJ; Bkb p?Ie dh T[; pqKu s'I fiE/ fJj
g/F ehsk iKdk j?, T[; p?Ie i' fJ; ~
ikoh eodk j?, se G"fseh o{g ftu ikD
ftu ;w/I dh pZus j't/rh. nZieZbQ, pkjo
d/ u?`eK ~ gk; j[zd/ brGr 7 fdB bZr
ikd/ jB. id'I fJj gqDkbh ;ko/ d/F ftu
bkr{ j' ikt/rh sK fJ; ~ fJe iK d'
fdB dk ;wK br/rk. p?eI tb'I fBgNkok
eoB dk ;wK pj[s xN ikt/rk. G"fseh
ndbk-pdbh ftu yokp j' ikD dk ]sok
ysw j' ikt/rk. fJ; gqDkbh ftu u?`e
ftu eZN-tZY wB}{o BjhI j?. fJj gqDkbh
okFNoh okiXkBh y/so ftu \otoh 2008
s'I bkr{ j?.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

d[ZX T[sgkdB

d[ZX ftu ;t?-fBoGo Gkos

rfowk wfjzdhoZsk

d[Z

fuZNh eqKsh dk gq:'fre

Bkw ngo/FB cbZv oZfynk
frnk Gkt d[ZX dh Bdh.
fJ; ~ nw{b d/ ;fjekosk
wkvb d/ nkXko T[s/
ubkfJnk frnk ns/ d/F d/
22 okiK d/ 176 f}fbQnK
ftu ;fjekoh ;zwshnK
;Ekgs ehshnK rJhnK i'
d[ZX ~ fJeZmk eoB ns/
ftsoD dk ezw eodhnK
jB. fJ; d/ bJh fJe
okFNoh d[ZX rfoZv dh
;EkgBk ehsh rJh fi;
ftu Gkos d/ 700 s'I tZX
FfjoK ~ Fkwb ehsk frnk
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

X Gkos d/ e[Zb xo/b{ y/sh

T[sgkd dk 22 gqfsFs fjZ;k
j?. 1950 ftu Gkos ftu d[ZX dk
T[sgkdB f;oc 170 NB gqfs ;kb ;h
ns/ gqfs ftnesh d[ZX dh o'}kBk gqkgsh
f;oc 132 rqkw ;h i' ftFt f;js
;zrmB d/ wkg dzvK s'I pj[s xZN ;h.
Bkb jh d[ZX dk T[sgkdB ns/ ftsoD
g{osh ;EkBe g/Iv{nK d/ jZE ftu ;h ns/
fJ; dh r[DtZsk th fB;fus BjhI ;h.
d[ZX d/ y/so ftu ;t?-fBoGosk gqkgs
eoB bJh tZXdh nkpkdh ~ T[`fus ehws
T[s/ d[ZX ns/ d[ZX d/ pD/ gdkoEK dh
g{osh eoB bJh ns/ fe;kBK dh nkwdB
ftu tkXk eoB d/ T[dF/ Bkb Gkos
;oeko B/ 1970 ftu okFNoh v/noh
ftek; p'ov d/ gq'rokw sfjs fuZNh eqKsh
~ nkozG ehsk frnk sK fe d[ZX ns/ d[ZX
s'I pD/ gdkoEK d/ T[sgkdB ftu th
Gkos ;t?-fBoGo j't/ ;r'I ftFt ftu
d[ZX d/ T[sgkdB ftu w'joh j' ikt/.
fuZ N h eq K sh dk gq : ' f re Bkw
ngo/FB cbZv oZfynk frnk Gkt d[ZX dh
Bdh. fJ; ~ nw{b d/ ;fjekosk wkvb
d/ nkXko T[s/ ubkfJnk frnk ns/ d/F
d/ 22 okiK d/ 176 f}fbQnK ftu ;fjekoh
;zwshnK ;Ekgs ehshnK rJhnK i' d[XZ ~
fJeZmk eoB ns/ ftsoD dk ezw eodhnK
jB. fJ; d/ bJh fJe okFNoh d[ZX
rfoZv dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh fi; ftu
Gkos d/ 700 s'I tZX FfjoK ~ Fkwb
ehsk frnk sK fe T[gG'rsktK ~ d[ZX

ns/ d[ZX dhnK pDhnK uh}K T[`fus ehws

T[s/ fwb ;eD ns/ Bkb jh T[sgkdeK ~
th T[`fus w[Zb gqkgs j' ;e/.
ngo/FB cbZv j/m fby/ T[dF/ K ~
fXnkB ftu oZy e/ ubkfJnk frnk ;h L
d[ZX T[sgkdB ftu tkXk.
d[ZX dh r[DtZsk ~ fJe;ko
pDkJh oZyDk.
d[ZX d/ eko'pko ftu bZr/ fe;kBK
d/ fjZsK dh oZfynk eoBk. fe;kBK ~
T[BQK d/ T[sgkd dk T[`fus w[Zb d/Dk ns/
g/vI { nkwdB ~ tXkT[Dk.
T[gG'rsktK ~ T[`fus w[Zb T[s/
T[sgkdB d/Dk.
fJ; gq'rokw dh ;cbsk d/ fgZS/
r[ioks ;fEs nkBzd fwbe :{BhnB fbwfNv,
fi; ~ nw{b d/ Bkw Bkb th ikfDnk
iKdk j?, dk jZE j? i' ;fjekosk d/
nkXko T[s/ nkozG ehsh rJh ;h ns/ j[D
fJe w?rk ezgBh pD rJh j?. fJ;
gqr
' okw dh ;cbsk dk f;jok d' ftneshnK
nw{b ezgBh d/ u/now?B Fqh fsqG[tBdk;
gN/b ns/ okFNoh v/noh ftek; p'ov d/
u/now?B vkH torh} e{ohnB d/ f;o
pZMdk j?. vkH torh} e{ohnB ~ Gkos
;oeko B/ gdw G{FB d/ g[o;eko Bkb
;BwkBs th ehsk j?.
w[ZYb/ ngo/FB cbZv ~ fszB gVktK
ftu g{ok eoB dk Nhuk oZfynk frnk.
gfjbk gVkn (1970-1980) L
fJ; gVkn ~ ;z:[es okFNo d/ ftFt
47

y[oke gq'rokw d/ sfjs :"oghnB :{BhnB

s'I gqkgs ;jkfJsk Bkb F[o{ ehsk frnk.
fi; ftu F[o{ s'I sob d[ZX ftu ;few
fwbe gkT{vo ns/ pNo nkfJb fwbk e/
d[ZX dk T[sgkdB tXkfJnk ns/ r[DtZsk
fBFfus ehsh rJh.
gfjb/ gVkn ftu d/F d/ 18 w[Zy
d[ZX fJeZso e/IdoK s'I sob d[ZX gqkgs
eoe/ tZv/ FfjoK d/ T[gG'rsktK ~ d[ZX
dh g{osh ehsh rJh. d[ZX d/ ftsoD
bJh fdZbh, w[zpJh, e'beksk ns/ fuBZJh
ftu okFNoh v/noh ftek; p'ov B/ nkgDh
fJe ;jkfJe ezgBh @wdo v/noh# dh
;EkgBk ehsh. okiK B/
th fJ; gq'rokw ~ nkgD/
gZXo T[s/ F[o{ ehsk ns/
nkgD/ fJE/ ;oekoh
;zwshnK d[nkok d[ZX d/
T[sgkdB ~ jZbkF/oh
fdZsh. tZy-tZy y/soK ftu
b'V nB[;ko d[XZ d/ gbKN
brkJ/ rJ/.
gfjb/ gVkn ~ gzi
;kbK ftu g{ok eoB dk
Nhuk ;h go w[YbhnK
efmBkJhnK d/ ekoB fJj
1979 ftu g{ok j' ;fenk.
fJ; g{ o / gVkn T[ s /
brGr 116 eo'V o[gJ/ you j'J./
d{ik gVkn (1980-1985) L d{;o/
gVkn ftu d[ZX fJeZso e/IdoK dh frDsh
18 s'I tX e/ 136 j' rJh. d[ZX d/
ftsoD bJh 200 FfjoK ~ i'fVnk frnk.
1985 se 43000 s'I tZX w[YbhnK g/Iv{
d[ZX ;fjekoh ;zwshnK pD rJhnK fiBQK
d/ 42,50,000 w?IpoK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb
d[ZX dk T[sgkdB 22 j}ko NB s'I tX e/
1989 se 1,40,000 NB j' frnk.
shik gVkn (1985-1996) L
fJ; gVkn ftu d[ZX d/ T[sgdkB ftu
tkX/ dk Nhuk oZfynk frnk Bkb jh fJ;
48

tk;s/ }o{oh YKuk ;j{bsK th T[gbpX

eokJhnK rJhnK. gF{nK bJh f;js
e/d
I o ns/ gF{ j;gskb pDkJ/ rJ/. fJ;
gVkn ftu 30 j}ko BthnK w[ZYbhnK
g/Iv{ d[ZX ;fjekoh ;zwshnK i'VhnK rJhnK
fi; ftu n"osK dh fjZ;/dkoh T[s/ }'o
fdsk frnk. g/Iv{ n"osK ~ ;t?-fBoGo
pDkT[D bJh nfijhnK ;zwshnK dh ;EkgBk
ehsh rJh fiBQK dhnK w?Ipo f;oc n"osK
jh ;B. d[ZX d/ fJeZso e/IdoK dh ;zfynk
th 173 se gj[zu rJh.
shi/ gVkn ftu ftd/FK s'I T[`Bs
B;b d/ ;kBQK dh nk:ks ehsh rJh ns/

;EkBe rT{nK s'I tZX d[ZX d/D tkbh

T[`Bs B;b dh fJe ghVQh fsnko ehsh
rJh. Bkb jh gF{nK dh f;js ns/ T[BQK
d/ bJh uko/ dh r[DtZsk T[s/ th }'o
fdsk frnk fi; Bkb gF{nK dh d[ZX
T[sgkdB ;woZEk tXh.
shi/ gVkn dh ;wkgsh s'I pknd
fJj gq'rokw ikoh fojk ns/ 1997-98
ftu d[ZX dk T[sgkdB 710 bZy NB j'
frnk. wkou 1997 se w[ZYbhnK g/Iv{
d[ZX ;fjekoh ;zwshnK dh frDsh 73
j}ko 390 se j' rJh. fJ; t/b/ fJj
frDsh 1 bZy 44 j}ko s'I tZX j?. fJ;

d/ w?IpoK dh frDsh th 3 eo'V 50 bZy

s'I tZX j' rJh. fJ; soQK ;fjekosk d/
nkXko T[s/ F[o{ ehsk frnk fJj gq'rokw
fe;kBK bJh fJe pZXh nkwdB dk ;kXB
th pD frnk i' f;oc y/sh T[s/ jh
fBoGo ;h.
nZi Gkos ftFt ftu d[ZX dk ;G
s'I tZvk T[sgkde d/F j? go fJ; dhnK
nkgDhnK ;wZf;nktK th jB. eh Gkos
fJj g{ok T[sgkdB ygk ;e/rk< d[ZX
S/sh yokp j'D tkbh t;s{ j? ns/ puh
j' J h wksok ~ fwbe gbKNK ns/
gqfefoneoB d[nkok d{i/ gdkoEK fit/I
gBho, wZyD, fxU
nkfd ftu pdbDk
}o{oh j?. Bkb jh
fJBQK ~ tZX ;w/I se
;[oZfyns eoB bJh
mzY/ ;N'oK ftu oZyD
dh th }o{os j?. Bkb
jh Gkos dh iB;zfynk
dk tZvk Gkr ni/ th
rohp j? fi; dh d[ZX
gdkoEK ~ yohdD dh
;woZEk BjhI j?. fco
d[XZ dk fBo:ks eoBk
}o{oh j't/rk. go
nfijk E'VQk w[Ffeb
j? feT[Ife Gkos ni/ th d[ZX d/ gdkoEK
d/ fBo:ks d/ wkwb/ ftu nwohek ns/
:"oghB :{BhnB s'I pj[s fgZS/ j?. ;kv/
e'b ni/ th ;N'o d/ u'y/ ;kEB BjhI
jB.
n;b ftu, fJ; gq'rokw Bkb Bk
f;oc fe;kBK ~ jh ckfJdk j'fJnk ;r'I
ftsoD Bkb ;zpfz Xs d[ekBdko th wkb'wkb
j'J./ T[gG'rsktK ~ fJe fBFus r[DtZsk
tkb/ d[ZX gdkoE T[gbpX j'D bZr./
gbKN brkT[D ns/ T[; ~ ubkT[D bJh
f;ybkJh gqkgs fJzihBhnoK ns/ gF{nK dh
f;js dh d/yo/y bJh b'VhId/ vkeNoK dh
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

th }o{os j'Jh. fJ; soQK fJj gq'rokw

bZyK b'eK ~ tX/o/ o[}rko w[jJZ hnk eokT[D
ftu ;jkfJe f;ZX j'fJnk.

okFNoh v/noh ftek; p'ov

1965 ftu Gkos d/ gqXkB wzsoh Fqh
bkb pjkdo Fk;soh B/ i? itkB i?
fe;kB dk Bknok fdzfdnK fe;kBK ~ th
d/F d/ ;?fBe ;wkB wzfBnk ;h. go T[;
t/b/ fe;kBK dh ;fEsh pj[sh uzrh BjhI
;h. T[;/ ;kb r[ioks ftu e?ok fwbe
:{BhnB d/ gbKN ~ d/y e/ T[BQK B/ d[ZX
d/ d[nkok fe;kBK d/ ;[Xko ~ fXnkB ftu
oZyfdnK d[XZ d/ tgko
~ ;fjekosk dk
;zrfms ;o{g d/D dh
ebgBk ehsh. f;ZN/
ti',I Gkos ;oeko ~
ftFt y[oke ;zrmB
d/ ngo/FB cbZv d/
gq'rokw sfjs 1970
ftu okFNoh v/noh
ftek; p' o v dh
;EkgBk ehsh. fgSb/
40 ;kbK d/ v/noh
ftek; p'ov d/ ;w[Zu/
:sBK Bkb nZi Gkos
ftFt dk ;G s'I tZvk
d[XZ T[sgkde d/F pD
u[Zek j?.
wkou 2011 se okFNoh v/noh
ftek; p'ov d/ gq'rokw ftu 177 d[ZX
;zrmB d/F d/ 346 f}fbQnK ftu 1 bZy
44 j}ko 264 w[ZYbhnK g/Iv{ d[ZX ;zwshnK
ekoi eo ojhnK jB. fiBQK d/ w?IpoK dh
frDsh brGr 4 eo'V j? fi; ftu 40
gqfsFs n"osK jB.
d[ZX dk T[sgkdB 4 gqfsFs ;kbkBk
do Bkb tX fojk j?. gqfs ftnesh
o'}kBk d[ZX dh gqkgsh 1995-96 ftu 195
rqkw s'I tX e/ 2011-12 ftu 276 rqkw
gqfs ftnesh gqfs fdB j' rJh j?.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

d/F ftu d[ZX dh o'}kBk gqkgsh

219H9 bZy bhNo j' rJh j? i' fgSb/
djke/ ftu 5H2 gqfsFs ;kbkBk do Bkb
tX ojh j?.
d/F ftu sob d[ZX dh gqkgsh 15
oki ;fjekoh d[XZ ftsoD c?vo/FBK, nKXo
gqd/F, fpjko, r[ioks, jfonkDk, fjwkub
gqdF/ , eoBkNe, e/ob, wZX gqdF/ , wjKokFNo,
T[`so gqd/F, gzikp, oki;EkB, sfwbBkv{
ns/ gZSwh pzrkb d[nkok ehsh iKdh j?.
fJj c?vo/FB nkgD/ oki d/ tfFFN pq?Iv
BktK Bkb d[ZX d/ gdkoEK dh ftZeoh
eodhnK jB. fit/I r[ioks ftu nw{b,

nKXo gqd/F ftu fti:k, gzikp ftu

t/oek, oki;EkB ftu ;o;, eoBkNe ftu
BzfdBh, e/ob ftu fwbwk, e'jbkg[o
(wjKokFNo) ftu r'e[b, T[`so gqdF/ ftu
gokr, wZX gqd/F ftu ;Kuh nkfd. fJj
c?vo/FB d/F d/ d{o-d[okv/ fjZf;nK ftu
;Ve iK o/b d[nkok T[gG'rsktK ~ d[ZX
ns/ d[XZ s'I pD/ gdkoE w[jJZ hnk eokT[dI hnK
jB.
okFNoh d[ZX rfoZv dh ;jkfJsk
Bkb fJj c?vo/FBK nkgD/ pu/ j'J/ d[ZX ~
d{ihnK c?vo/FBK ~ w[jZJhnk eokT[IdhnK

jB sK fe pu/ j'J/ d[ZX dh tos'I j' ;e/

ns/ fe;kBK ~ T[BQK d/ T[sgkdB dk bkG
fwb ;e/.
;fjekoh ;zwshnK d/ ftek; bJh
okFNoh v/noh ftek; p'ov B/ okFNoh
gZXo T[s/ eJh ;z;EktK pDkJhnK jB
fit/I ;kpowZsh nkFow, r'Fkbk gF{ gqiDB
e/dI o, rqkwhD gqpXz B ;z;EkB, nkBzd nkfd.

okFNoh v/noh ftek; p'ov dhnK

;jkfJe ez g BhnK
nkJh vh n?w ;h L okFNoh v/noh
ftek; p'ov ~ d[ZX d/ gqfefonkeoB bJh
b'VhIdh wFhBoh dk
nk:ks ns/ ftek;
eoB bJh 1992
ftu ;jkfJe ezgBh
nkJh vh n?w ;h dh
;EkgBk ehsh i'
ftd/FK s'I b'VhIdh
wFhBoh dk nk:ks
eodh j?. fJ; dk
w[Zy d\so nkBzd
(r[ioks) ftu j? ns/
fJ; d/ y/soh d\so
pzrb"o, u/BJZ h, fdZbh,
j?dokpkd, e'beksk,
gNBk, b[fXnkDk ns/
w[pz Jh ftu jB. fJj
ezgBh ;zg{oB s"o s/
d[ZX d/ gbKN bkT[D ftu th ;jkfJsk
eodh j? ns/ pknd ftu T[; dh
d/yo/y ftu th ;jkfJsk eodh j?. fJ;
ftu d[ZX d/ fJeZso eoB s'I b? e/ T[; d/
bJh b'VhId/ o?cohio/FB gbKN s'I b? e/
g?fezr se dk ezw Fkfwb j?. fJj ezgBh
nkJh;eqhw fxU, wZyD nkfd pDkT[D d/
T[geoD ns/ wFhBoh th T[gbpX eokT[dI h
j?.
(b/ye ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)
e-mail :garimamehdiratta@yahoo.com

49

y/ s hpkVh

\;bK ftu pdbkn L ;[fB;us y/sh seBhe ngDkT[D dh b'V

vkH w[fjzdo f;zx pkitk

fg

;w[Zu/ s"o s/ ;[fB;us-y/sh

ftfrnkB nkXkos nkX[ f Be
seBhe j?. fJ; ~ ngDk
e/ \;bh-pdbkn fbnkT[ D
dh XkoBk j? fe pdbthnK
\;bK (s/ fJBQK dhnK
fe;wK) dh u'D ;EkBe
y/so ns/ y/s ftubh
}whB dh T[gikT{ Fesh
s/ j'o r[DK$bZSDK dh
fGzBsk pko/ ikDekoh ns/
fJBQK dh nB[e{bsk nkXkos
ehsh ikt/ ns/ nkX[fBe y/sh
seBheK ngDk e/ \;bK dh
T[ s gkdB-e[ F bsk ftu tkXk
brksko ekfJw oZ f ynk ikt/ .
50

Sb/ uko djkfenK ftu gzikp

p/fw;kb y/sh T[sgkdB tXkT[D
dhnK wZbK wko e/ Gkos ftu jo/fJBebkp dk w'Yh pfDnk fojk j?.
fe;kB dk pV/ T[sFkj Bkb T[`u-T[gi
d/D tkbhnK \;bK dhnK fe;wK ns/
b'VhIdhnK y/sh seBheK dk ngDkT[Dk,
;oeko dhnK ;jh BhshnK, wkbh fJwdkd,
b'VhId/ ;kXBK (phi, ykdK, gkDh, ehV/ s/
phwkohnK wkoB tk;s/ dtkJhnK, wFhBK
s/ T{oik) dh fe;kBK se gj[zu, fiD; dh
yohd pj[s jZd se :ehBh (]k; s"o s/
M'Bk s/ eDe tk;s/) eoBh, nkfd fJ;
jo/-fJBebkp dh p[fBnkd pD/. fJ;
;w/I d"okB gzikp ftu M'Bk s/ eDe j/m
oepk tXdk frnk (;zB 1970 s'I 2010
se M'B/ j/m brGr 9 bZy J/eV s'I tX
e/ 70 bZy J/eV ns/ eDe j/m 56 bZy
J/eV s'I tX e/ 88 bZy J/eV) ns/ j'oBK
\;bK (dkbK, s/bh phiK, wZeh nkfd) j/m
oepk xNdk frnk. fJ; soQK d/ \;bh
pdbkn Bkb gzikp ftu M'Bk s/ eDe
dh g?dktko th pj[s tXdh rJh. go
;wK gk e/ fe;kBK ~ }whB dh T[gikT{
Fesh (]k; s"o s/ y[okeh sZsK dh xkN,
s/ wkV/ n;o, f;zikJh tk;s/ gkDh dh
tXdh b'V ns/ fJ; dh xNdh T[gbpXsk
ns/ tksktoB ftu yokph torhnK
;wZf;nktK tXD bZrhnK. fJ; d/ BkbBkb b'VhIdhnK ykdK, gkDh, ehV/ s/ phwkohnK
wkoB tkbhnK dtkJhnK ns/ T{oik dh
xZN e[Fbsk Bkb p/fj;kph tos'I, y/sh

g?dktko tk;s/ you/ tXD/, \;bK dhnK

fiD;K (pj[s S/sh rb-;V, yokp j'D
tkbhnK ns/ S/sh Bk yokp j'D tkbhnK)
dh ;jh ;zGkb Bk j'Dh ns/ j'o eJh
;wZf;nktK eoe/ \;bK dh gqfs J/eV
g?dktko d/ tkX/ ftu ekch yV's j' rJh
ns/ y/sh nkXkos nkwdB ftu tkX/ dh
do xNdh rJh. ]k; s"o s/ S'N/ gZXo
d/ fe;kBK dh nkofEe jkbs #s/ pj[s
wkVk n;o fgnk j?. fJBQK eJh ekoBK
eoe/ fgSb/ eJh ;kbK s'I y/sh y/so dk
gzikp dh e[b
Z nkofEe ftt;Ek ftu fjZ;k
xNdk frnk j?.
n;b ftu, pj[s tZv/ gZXo dh
\;b ns/ otkfJsh xZN e[Fbsk f;zikJh
tk;s/ gkDh, b'VhIdh M'B/ dh \;b ns/
otkfJsh xZN e[Fbsk Bkb ngDkJ/ iKd/
y/sh gqpzXK tkbh xkN/ tZb iKdh fe;kBh
pko/ :'iBk pDkT[D tkb/ ns/ fe;kB
pj[s fuzss j[zd/ ik oj/ jB. ]k; fuzsk
Xosh j/mb/ gkDh dh ;sj brksko EZb/
jh EZb/ ikD eoe/ f;zikJh tk;s/ gkDh dh
xkN j[zd/ ikD dh j?. fJ; eoe/ tZv/
gZXo #s/ M'Bk-eDe \;b gqDkbh ftu ns/
y/sh-YzrK ftu pdbkn fbnkT[D tk;s/
;[Mkn fds/ ik oj/ jB. ]k; s"o s/
gzikp ;oeko dhnK ;zB 1985 s/ 2002
ftu ;Ekgs ew/NhnK (n?; n?; i"jb dh
gqXkBrh j/m), gzikp y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;Nh
ns/ gzikp ;N/N ckow} efwFB tb'I oki
ftu M'Bk-eDe (]k; s"o s/ M'Bk) j/m'I
brGr 25 bZy J/eV oepk pdb e/ j'o
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

\;bK (wZeh, dkbK, s/b phi, ;p}hnK

cbK nkfd) j/m fbnKd/ ikD dhnK f;\kfoFK
ehshnK rJhnK jB. fJBQK pdbthInK
\;bK dh d/F nzdo ekch xkN th j?
fi; ~ g{ok eoB tk;s/ pkjob/ d/FK s'I
dokwd (dkbK 40 s'I 45 bZy NB ns/
s/bh phi 50-55 bZy NB) eoBhnK
g?dhnK jB. dkbK phiD Bkb }whB dh
T[gikT{ Fesh th tXdh j?.
fJBQK f;\koFK ~ ngDkT[D tk;s/
Gkt/I fe;kBK ~ ekch gq/os th ehsk ik
fojk j?. go fJj ;wMDk }o{oh j? fe
pdbthnK \;bK (s/ fJBQK dhnK fe;wK)
dh u'D d/ Bkb-Bkb fJBQK ~ T[gikT[D
tk;s/ y/sh gqpzX, ;kXBK (ykdK, gkDh,
dtkJhnK nkfd) dh ;jh tos'I s/ e[dosh
;'fwnK (}whB, gkDh, tksktoB) dh ;jh
;zGkb Bk ehs/ ikD Bkb \;b-T[sgkdB
ns/ Bc/ tkX/ tZb ekfJw BjhI oZy/ ik
;ed/. fJ; eoe/ otkfJsh y/sh YzrK s'I
w[V e/ @;[fB;us-y/sh# gqpXz K nkXkos \;bh
pdbkn dhnK ekoi-BhshnK ngDkT[DhnK
ukjhdhnK jB.
;w[uZ / s"o s/ ;[fB;us-y/sh ftfrnkB
nkXkos nkX[fBe seBhe j?. fJ; ~
ngDk e/ \;bh-pdbkn fbnkT[D dh
XkoBk j? fe pdbthnK \;bK (s/ fJBQK
dhnK fe;wK) dh u'D ;EkBe y/so ns/
y/s ftubh }whB dh T[gikT{ Fesh s/
j'o r[DK$bZSDK dh fGzBsk pko/ ikDekoh
ns/ fJBQK dh nB[e{bsk nkXkos ehsh
ikJ/ ns/ nkX[fBe y/sh seBheK ngDk e/
\;bK dh T[sgkdB-e[Fbsk ftu tkXk
brksko ekfJw oZfynk ikJ/. \;b T[gikT[D
tk;s/ ;ko/ y/sh ekoiK (y/sh dh fsnkoh,
fpikJh, ;kXBK dh ;jh tos',I T[gi$fiD;
dh ;jh ;zGkb, gok;?f;zr s/ w[Zb tXkT{
ekoi, wzvh-;jkfJsk s/ ygseko se) ns/
j'o gqpzXK ~ fBg[zBsk Bkb ngDk e/ bkG
tXkT[D/ }o{oh jB. Bkb jh Bkb ykdK,
gkDh, dtkJhnK nkfd dh b'V nB[;ko
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;jh tos'I, e[dosh ;'fwnK (}whB, gkDh,

tksktoB) dh ;zGkb ns/ fe;kB dh e[Zb
nkwdB ftu tkXk brksko ekfJw oZyDk
;[fB;us-\;bh pdbkn dh XkoBk d/
fjZ;/ jB.
;[fB;us-\;bh-pdbkn tk;s/ :'iBk
s/ ekoi BhshnK jo y/so ns/ y/s gZXo
#s/ pDBhnK ukjhdhnK jB. gzikp ftu
feT[Ife tZy-tZy y/soK (xZN Bwh tkbk
Bhw gjkVh ezYh fJbkek) ftu ibtk:{
dk ekch \oe j?. jo y/so ftubh
}whB d/ o;kfJDe (ykoh ns/ i?fte
ykDK, y[okeh sZsK dh wksok, eZbo, u{Bk,
ezeo nkfd) s/ G"fse (fwZNh dh p[Dso,
o/sbh, uheDh, gkDh ;zGkbDk, eozv, ;]s
sfj nkfd) r[DK$bZSDK, Xosh T[gob/
ns/ j/mb/ gkDh dh j'Id, jkBhekoe
ehV/, phwkohnK, BdhBK dh j'Id #s/ jZb/
ns/ wFhBK dh tos'I ftu pj[s fGzBsk
j?. fJ; s'I fJbktk, y/sh nkXkos T[d:'r
brkT[D dhnK ;zGktBktK, ;wkfie b'VK
ns/ j'o nkofEe w;fbnK ftu th ekch
\oe j?. fJ;/ soQK jo y/s ftubh }whB
dh T[gikT{ Fesh s/ j'o bZSDK ftu th
pj[s fGzBsk j' ;edh j?. fJ; bJh
\;bK s/ T[BQK dhnK fe;wK dh u'D tZytZy y/soK ftu ns/ y/sK ftu ;zGt
g?dktko s/ bkG d/D dh ;woEk d/
nkXko #s/ j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fit/I fe L
dkbK, wZeh s/ ;'fJnkphB \;bK tk;s/
pj[s o/sbh xZN i?fte-wkd/ tkbh, ;/w s/
ebokmh ns/ yko/ gkDh dh f;zikJh tkbh
}whB nB[e{b BjhI. M'B/ tk;s/ pj[s
gkDh ihoB tkbh o/sbh }whB nB[e{b
BjhI. pk;wsh-M'B/ tk;s/ Gkoh }whB ns/
fJ; d/ dkD/ pDB ;w/I ekch mzY j'Dh
ukjhdh j?. ;p}hnK ns/ cbK tk;s/
ebokmh, ;/w tkbh, pj[s f}nkdk ezeoK
tkbh ns/ yko/ gkDh Bkb f;zikJh tkbh
}whB nB[e{b BjhI. n;b ftu, gzikp
dhnK 75 s'I tZX G{wh goy gq:'rFkbktK

~ \;bK tk;s/ }whB s/ gkDh dh

nB[e{bsk ns/ j'o y/sh-gqpzXK pko/ fe;kBK
~ ;/X d/Dh ukjhdh j?. fJj ;/X S'N/
fe;kBK tk;s/ ]k; }o{oh j?.
;[fB;us \;bh pdbkn dhnK
:'iBktK ns/ ekoi BhshnK pDkT[D tk;s/
nkX[fBe G{r'fbe ikDekoh gqDkbh, G{wh
goy seBheK ns/ fe;kBK dh nkgDh
ikDekoh dh ;jkfJsk Bkb y/so ns/ y/s
ftubh }whB d/ tZy-tZy bZSDK, ehV/ s/
phwkohnK dh j'Id d/ jZb/ ns/ j'o eJh
soQK dhnK y/sh ;zpzXh ikDekohnK bJhnK
ik ;edhnK jB. fJBQK d/ nkXkos y/so
ns/ y/s gZXo d/ tZy-tZy BeF/ fsnko
ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB fiBQK s'I y/sh ftek;
eoB tkb/ ndko/ s/ fe;kB \;bK dh
u'D ns/ j'o eJh soQK d/ y/sh gqpzXK ns/
ekoiK (y/sh dh fsnko s'I \;b dh
;zGkb s/ ygseko se) tk;s/ s/ BhshnK
bkr{ eoB tk;s/ \?;b/ b? ;ed/ jB.
fJ; soQK y/so ns/ y/s ftubh \;b
T[gikT[D dh n;zs[bsk xNkJh ik ;edh
j?.
gzikp ftu M'Bk s/ eDe nkXkos
nkwdB ftu tkX/ dh do xNdh ik ojh
j? go Bkb jh Bkb tXdh npkdh tk;s/
g"FfNe y[oke (ftNkfwB, gq'NhB, e?boh,
y[okeh sZs) dh b'V tXdh ik ojh j?.
fJ; eoe/ b'V j? ;[fBus y/sh YzrK Bkb
tZv/ oep/ ftu M'Bk s/ eDe ~ j'o T`[ubkG s/ T[`u g"FfNe y[oke tkbhnK \;bK,
;p}hnK, cb, c[Zb dtkJhnK) Bkb pdb
e/ g"FfNe y[oke dk T[sgkdB ns/ fe;kB
dh nkwdB tXkT[D tkbk fJe j'o jokfJBebkp g?dk ehsk ikt/. eJh xZN
}whB tkb/ fe;kBK ~ b'VhIdh seBheh
f;ybkJh ns/ wkbh ;jkfJsk d/ e/ fJBQK
eJh \;bK ~ B?`N jkT{;, rqhB-jkT{; s/
j'o T[`u seBheK Bkb T[gikT[D tk;s/
gq/oBk th eoBh ukjhdh j?. fJ; soQK d/
pkeh ;\k 64 T[`s/

51

w";w ftfrnkB

pdb ojhnK w"B;{Bh gq;fEshnK

vkH bytho e"o Xkbhtkb ns/ vkH gtBhs e"o fezrok

w"

nbZr-nbZr y'iK nB[;ko

fJj f;ZX ehsk ik u[Zek
j? fe pdb ojhnK w";w
gq;fEshnK dk n;o
dZyD-gZSwh w"B;{B #s/
}o{o j't/rk ns/ Gkos ftu
fJj n;o T[`so gZSwh
Gkos ftu f}nkdk j't/rk.
T[`so gZSwh Gkos ftu fJj
n;o gzikp, izw{-eFwho,
jfonkDk ns/ fjwkub
gqd/F ftu f}nkdk t/yD
~ fwb/rk. seBheh
;z;EkB, BthI fdZbh d/
ftfrnkBhnK nB[;ko ;zB
2050 se Gkos ftu
rowhnK dh toyk (i'
fe w"B;{B d/ o{g ftu
j[zdh j?) gfjbK Bkb'I
pj[s xN ikt/rh.
52

B;{B ;kv/ d/F dh nkofEesk

dk nkXko j? ]k; eoe/ T[BQK
fjZf;nK ftu fiE/ y/shpkVh bJh f;zikJh d/
pj[s xZN ;kXB jB. fi; ;kb w"B;{B
tXhnk j[zdk j? T[; ;kb \;bK dk
T[sgkdB f}nkdk j[zdk j? feT[fI e ;kv/
d/F ftu pj[s ;ko/ fjZf;nK ftu ;kT[Dh
dh \;b dh fpikJh f;o\ w"B;{B #s/ jh
fBoGo eodh j?. Gkos ftu brGr 70
gqfsFs toyk w"B;{B o[Zs ftu jh j[zdh
j?. fJj toyk d/F dh gkDh tkbh
g?dktko ftu 90 gqfsFs se gkDh iwQK
eoB ftu ;jkJh j[zdh j?. Gkos ftu
w"B;{B dk ;wK i{B s'I ;szpo se j[zdk
j?. gzikp ftu th M'B/ dh \;b w"B;{B
#s/ fBoGo eodh j?. Xosh j/mb/ xN
oj/ gkDh d/ gZXo eoe/ M'B/ d/ ;h}B
ftu w"B;{B toyk dk pj[s wjZst j?.
i/ w"B;{B toyk tXhnk j' ikt/ sK Xosh
j/mb/ gkDh d/ gZXo dk ;zs[bB pfDnk
ofjzdk j?.
Gkosh w";w ftfrnkB ftGkr, BthI
fdZbh d/ nB[;ko ;zB 1875-2009 s'I b?
e/ j[D se gzikp ftu 25 ;kb ;'ek
fgnk j? ns/ 37 ;kb jVQK tkb/ ;B.
brGr 20 ;'e/ tkb/ ;kbK (19012011) ftu'I 13 ;kb n?b BhB' Bkb i[V/
jB. tZX toyk tkb/ 13 ;kbK ftu'I 6
;kb bk BhBk Bkb i[V/ j'J/ jB. fJ; s'I
fJj f;ZX j[zdk j? fe n?b BhB' ns/ bk
BhBk th w"B;{B ~ gqGkfts eod/ jB.

n?b BhB' tkb/ ;kbK ftu ew}'o w"B;{B

j[zdk j? ns/ bk BhBk tkb/ ;kbK d"okB
w"B;{B f}nkdk feqnkFhb j[zdk j?.
nbZr-nbZr y'iK nB[;ko fJj f;ZX
ehsk ik u[Zek j? fe pdb ojhnK w";w
gq;fEshnK dk n;o dZyD-gZSwh w"B;{B
#s/ }o{o j't/rk ns/ Gkos ftu fJj
n;o T[`so gZSwh Gkos ftu f}nkdk
j't/rk. T[`so gZSwh Gkos ftu fJj
n;o gzikp, izw{-eFwho, jfonkDk ns/
fjwkub gqdF/ ftu f}nkdk t/yD ~
fwb/rk. seBheh ;z;EkB, BthI fdZbh d/
ftfrnkBhnK nB[;ko ;zB 2050 se Gkos
ftu rowhnK dh toyk (i' fe w"B;{B d/
o{g ftu j[zdh j?) gfjbK Bkb'I pj[s xN
ikt/rh. T[BQK nB[;ko w";w d/ ftu nk
oj/ S'N-/ S'N/ pdbkt gkDh d/ ;'fwnK ~
tZvk B[e;kB gj[zuk ;ed/ jB.
w"B;{B Fpd s'I Gkt nfijhnK jtktK
s'I j? fiBQK dh fdFk w";w d/ pdbD d/
Bkb pdb iKdh j?. n;b ftu, jtk dh
fdFk jtk d/ dpkn #s/ fBoGo eodh j?
ns/ jtk dk dpkn skgwkB #s/ fBoGo
eodk j?. rowh dh o[Zs ftu ;w[zdo d/
w[ekpb/ Xosh dk skgwkB tX iKdk j?,
fi; eoe/ jtk dk dpkn ;w[zdo T[go
f}nkdk s/ Xosh T[go xN iKdk j?.
jtk jw/Fk tZX dpkn tkb/ y/so s'I xZN
dpkn tkb/ y/so tZb iKdh j?, fJ; eoe/
fJj g"DK rowh dh o[Zs ftu ;w[zdo s'I
Xosh tZb iKdhnK jB. ;w[zdo s'I nkT[D
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

eoe/ fJBQK g"DK ftu Bwh dh wksok

pj[s f}nkdk j[zdh j? ns/ fJj Gog{o
toyk eodhnK jB. ;odh dh o[Zs ftu
Xosh ;w[zdo d/ w[ekpb/ f}nkdk mzYh j'
iKdh j?, fi; eoe/ Xosh T[go jtk dk
dpkn ;w[zdo d/ w[ekpb/ f}nkdk tX
iKdk j?. fJjh ekoB j? fe fJj g"DK
;odh dh o[Zs ftu Xosh s'I ;w[zdo tZb
iKdhnK jB. Xosh s'I uZbD ekoB fJj
g"DK ][Fe j' iKdhnK jB ns/ toyk BjhI
eodhnK. i/ fes/ o;s/ ftu
fes/ gkDh d/ ;'w/ s'I bzxD
sK fJj Bwh ;'y b?IdhnK jB
ns/ B/V/ d/ fJbkfenK ftu
toyk eodhnK jB. fJjh ekoB
j? fe T[`so Gkos s'I tkg;
gosdhnK fJj g"DK sfwbBkv{
ftu toyk eodhnK jB feT[fI e
id'I fJj tkg;h ;w/I pzrkb
dh ykVh T[go'I bzxdhnK jB
sK Bwh ;'y b?IdhnK jB fi;
ekoB sfwbBkv{ ftu toyk j'
iKdh j?. fJ;/ nkXko #s/ Gkosh
w"B;{B g"DK ~ d' GkrK ftu
tzv ;ed/ jK - dZyDh-gZSwh,
rowh o[Zs dhnK w"B;{B g"DK
ns/ T[`so-g{oph, ;odh o[Zs
dhnK w"B;{B g"DK.
fJ; soQK ;kv/ d/F dk
ibtk:{ d' soQK dhnK o[Zstko
jtktK s'I gqGkfts j[zdk j?.
dZyD-gZSwh ns/ T[`so-g{oph
w"B;{B. dZyD-gZSwh w"B;{B
~ rowhnK dhnK w"B;{B jtktK th fejk
iKdk j? ns/ fJj jtktK ;w[zdo s'I Xosh
tZb ubdhnK jB. T[`so-g{op w"B;{B ~
;odhnK dhnK w"B;{B jtktK th fejk
iKdk j? ns/ fJj jtktK Xosh s'I ;kro
tZb ubdhnK jB. Gkos ftu gj[zu e/
fJj d' GkrK ftu tzvhnK iKdhnK jB nop ;kro Fkyk ns/ pzrkb dh ykVh
dh Fkyk.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

nkop ;kro Fkyk L w"B;{B dh

nop ;kro Fkyk ;G s'I gfjbK e/ob d/
gZSwh xkNK #s/ NeokT[d
I hnK jB ns/
j"bh-j"bh fJj T[`so gZSwh xkNK d/ BkbBkb sZNh fJbkfenK ftu toyk eodhnK
jB. g{oph xkNK #s/ nkw s"o s/ toyk
BjhI j[zdh feT[Ife jtktK gZSwh xkNK ~
gko BjhI eo ;edhnK.
pz r kb dh ykVh dh Fkyk L
pzrkb dh ykVh dh w"B;{B Fkyk pzrkb

tk:{wzvb ftu eJh soQK dhnK spdhbhnK

nkT[d
I hnK jB fit/I fe T[`so-gZSw Gkos
ftu xZN jtk d/ dpkn dk y/so pDBk,
fJzv'-r?Ii/fNe w?dkBK d/ T[`go w"B;{B NoZc
dk pDBk, i{B wjhB/ ftu w"B;{B NoZc
d/ T[`soh GkrK ftu jtk dh fdFk g{op
s'I dZyD-g{oph j' ikDk, gZSwh pzrkb ftu
jtk dh fdFk dZyDh j' ikDk ns/ d/F d/
pkeh GkrK ftu jtk dh fdFk gZSw s'I
dZyD-gZSwh j' ikDk, id'I fe i[bkJh d/
wjhB/ ftu d/F d/ T[`soh GkrK
ftu jtk dh fdFk g{op tZb
Gkos
T[`so-gZSw w"B;{B
j' ikDk. fJ; s'I fJbktk fsZps
nes{po s'I \otoh
d/ gmko #s/ tZX dpkn dk
y/so pD ikDk th T[s` oh Gkos
ftu w"B;{B rshftXhnK ~ ekch
gqGkfts eodk j?.
dZyD-gZSwh w"B;{B Gkos
d/ dZyDh GkrK ftu i{B d/
gfjb/ j\s/ nk iKdh j? ns/
j"bh-j"bh d/F d/ pkeh GkrK
tZb tZXdh j?. dZyD-gZSwh
w"B;{B g"DK dh nop ;kro
Fkyk gZSwh sZN tZb tXdh j?
ns/ pzrkb dh ykVh tkbh
Fkyk gZSwh pzrkb ns/ n;w
tZb tXdh j?, fijVh fe T[s` og{oph okiK ftu Gkoh toyk
eoB s'I pknd fjwkfbnk
gopsK Bkb Neok e/ T[`soh
;q
h
bz
e
k
Gkos d/ fJzv'-r?Ii/fNe w?dkBK
Gkos
tZb iKdh j?. T[iI e/ob ftu
fJj fJe i{B ~ d;se fdzdhnK
dh ykVh T[go'I bzxdh j'Jh T[`so-g{oph
jB. gzikp gj[zuD dh skohy 29 i{B s'I
fdFk tZb tXdhnK j'JhnK pzrkb dh
pknd jh j?. Gkosh w";w ftGkr B/
ykVh s'I Bwh b? b?d
I hnK jB. fJj jtktK
;ko/ d/F bJh w"B;{B d/ gj[zuD ns/
g{oph fjwkfbnk #s/ gj[uz e/ toyk eodhnK
tkfg; ikD dhnK skohyK fBFus ehshnK
jB. g{oph fjwkfbnk #s/ gj[zuD s'I fgS'I j'JhnK jB. go pdb oj/ w";wh jkbs
fJj gZSw tZb w[V iKdhnK jB ns/ ftu w"B;{B jtktK th gqGkfts j' ojhnK
fJzv'-r?Ii/fNe w?dkBK ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb jB. ftfrnkBhnK dk nB[wkB j? fe
brd/ y/soK ftu toyk eodhnK jB.
nkT[D tkb/ ;w/I ftu tX oj/ skgwkB
w"B;{B g"DK d/ nkT[D s'I gfjbK eoe/ w"B;{B toyk th gqGkfts j'tr
/ h.
53

T[Ii th e[M e[ ;w/I s'I w"B;{B dh pkfoF

gfjbK tKr BjhI j[zdh. d/F ftu fes/
jVQ nk oj/ jB ns/ fes/ ;'ek g? fojk
j?. eJh tko pj[s wksok ftu pkfoF
fJe fdB ftu jh g? iKdh j?.
ftFt gZXo #s/ Gkosh w"B;{B ~
gqGkfts eoB tkb/ e[M e[ ekoB fJ;
soQK jB L
n?b BhB' L dZyDh nwohek dh
row gkDh dh Xkok fijVh id'I fefonkFhb
j[zdh j? sK pkeh ;w[zdoh XoktK ~
gqGkfts eoe/ fjzd wjK;kro d/ skgwkB
~ gqGkfts eoe/ Gkosh w"B;{B ~ gqGkfts
eodh j?. id'I gqFKs wjK;kro
dk skgwkB f}nkdk j[zdk j? sK
fJ; ~ n?b BhB' fejk iKdk j?.
n?b BhB' tkbhnK jkbsK ftu
w"B;{B ew}'o j[zdk j?. fit/I fe
2009 ftu Gkos ftu ;'e/ dk
ekoB n?b BhB' dk gqGkt ;h.
gZSwh gqFKs wjK;kro
jtktK L gZSwh gqFKs wjK;kroh
jtktK pzrkb dh ykVh ftu dkyb
j' e/ w"B;{B dh fJwdkd eodhnK
jB go fe;/ ;kb fJj jtktK
ew}'o j'D eoe/ gj[zu jh BjhI
;edhnK.
Xosh dk tX fojk skgwkB L
:{Hn?BHUH dh J/iz;h fJ; dh G{fwek wzB
ojh j?. w";w ftu nk oj/ tZy-tZy
pdbktK eoe/ skgwkB tX fojk j? ns/
fJj tX fojk skgwkB w"B;{B ~ ew}'o
pDkT[D ns/ d/o Bkb nkT[D ftu ;jkJh
j' fojk j?. fJe j'o y'i nB[;ko 21thI
;dh d/ nzs se w"B;{B d/ nkT[D d/
;w/I ftu 5 s'I 15 fdB se dh d/oh nk
ikt/rh ns/ w"B;{B g"DK gfjbK Bkb'I fes/
tZX ew}'o j' ikDrhnK.
Gkos ftu w"B;{B toyk dk ;wK d'
s'I uko wjhB/ se j[zdk j?. feT[fI e fJj
dZyDh Gkos ftu gfjbK nkT[d
I hnK jB
54

ns/ tkg;h T[`soh Gkos ftu gfjbK j[zdh

j?. fJ; bJh dZyDh Gkos ftu w"B;{B
toyk dh o[sZ T[`soh Gkos Bkb'I bzph j[zdh
j?. go jo ;kb tZy-tZy ekoBK eoe/
w"B;{B g"DK d/ nkT[D ns/ tkg; ikD
ftu fGzBsktK gkJhnK iKdhnK jB. w"B;{B
;G s'I gfjbK e/ob ftu dkfyb j[zdhnK
jB. fJ; eoe/ e/ob ftu gqtF/ eoB
dk ;wK pVk jh wjZstg{oB j?.

w" B ;{ B dh GftZ y pkDh

Gkos w";w ftfrnkB ftGkr, BthI
fdZbh w"B;{B dh GftZypkDh eodk j?.
n;b ftu, w"B;{B ~ ftFt gZXo #s/

pj[s ;ko/ sZs gqGkfts eod/ jB. fJj

GftZypkDh ftFt gZXo #s/ eJh sZsK d/
gVu'b d/ pknd ehsh iKdh j?. eJh
soQK d/ wkvbK dh wdd Bkb fJj
GftZypkDh ehsh iKdh j?. fJj GftZypkDh
gfjbK nqgb
? ftu jh eo fdsh iKdh j?.
d{ih GftZypkDh i{B ftu ehsh iKdh j?.
ngq?b dh GftZypkDh wkou se d/ w";wh
sZsK d/ nzefVnK d/ nkXko #s/ j[zdh j?
ns/ i{B dh GftZypkDh ftu wJh se d/
nzeV/ bJ/ iKd/ jB. ;zB 2007 s'I
pknd Gkosh w";w ftfrnkB ftGkr
d[nkok w";w d/ d' soQK d/ wkvbK d[nkok
eo fojk j? fiBQK ftu ftFt Go d/

brGr gzi w";wh nzeV/ bJ/ iKd/ jB.

fJ; ;kb Gkos w";w ftfrnkB ftGkr
B/ ngqb
? wjhB/ dh w"B;{B dh GftZypkDh
bJh fijV/ gzi ftFt gZXo d/ w";wh sZs
tos/ jB, T[j fJ; soQK jB L
d;zpo ns/ iBtoh wjhfBnK dk
T[`soh n?NbKfNe ;w[zdo dh ;sj dk
skgwkB.
g{oph J/Fhnk d/ G{-wZX o/yh
dZyDh fjZf;nK ftu \otoh ns/ wkou
wjhB/ dk ;kXkoB ;w[zdoh sb dk dpkn.
T[`so-gZSwh :{og d/ w?dkBh GkrK
dk iBtoh wjhB/ dk skgwkB.
iBtoh ns/ wkou wjhB/
dk G{-wZX o/yh gqFKs wjK;kro
d/ gkDh dk nkfJsB (t'bhnw).
Gkos w";w ftfrnkB ftGkr
d[nkok fdsh rJh fJ; ;kb dh
GftZypkDh d/ w[skfpe d/F ftu
w"B;{B dh toyk ;kXkoB oj/rh.
fJj GftZypkDh ngq?b ftu fdsh
rJh ;h. d{ih GftZypkDh i{B
wjhB/ ftu ehsh iKdh j?. fJ;
s'I pknd i[bkJh ftu ;ko/ d/F
ftu nr;s ns/ ;szpo wjhB/
ftu j'D tkbh toyk dh GftZypkDh
ehsh iKdh j?. fJ;/ soQK nr;s wjhB/
ftu Gkos w";w ftfrnkB ftGkr ;szpo
wjhB/ ftu g{o/ d/F ftu j'D tkbh toyk
dh GftZypkDh eodk j?.
;', w";w dh GftZypkDh ~ fXnkB
ftu oZyfdnK fe;kB fJ; d/ w[skfpe
nkgD/ y/shpkVh XzfdnK dh :'iBkpzdh
eoe/ \;bK ~ w";w d[nkok j'D tkb/
B[e;kB s'I puk e/ y/sh T[sgkdB tXk
;ed/ jB.
(b/ f yektK y/ s h w" ; w ftGkr, gz i kp
y/ s hpkVh :[ B htof;Nh, b[ f XnkDk Bkb
;zpzfXs jB.)
e-mail :pau.comm@gmail .com

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;[szsosk ;zrqkw

e{ek iE/pzdh ns/ BkfwbtosB bfjo

skok f;zx nBikD

Gkosh ;wki ftu

nBgVQsk, nfrnkBsk,
nzX-ftFtk;, nkofEe s/
iksh G/d-Gkt s/ fJ;sohnK
gqfs fsq;eko dh GktBk
ekoB froktN nk u[Zeh
;h. ;fsr[o{ okw f;zx ih
B/ gVQkJh ~ T[sFkfjs
ehsk. T[BQK nkg;h
nwhoh-rohph, iks-pokdoh
d/ fGzB-G/d G[Zb e/ fJe d{i/
Bkb fgnko Bkb ofjD dh
iku dZ;h. T[BQK B/
;dk s'I w}b{w ojh n"os
~ T[; dk pDdk wkD
d/D dk j[ew ehsk.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

fsr[o{ okw f;zx B/ fJj wfj;{;

eofdnK j'fJnK fe gzikph
wB'ftfrnkBe s"o T[`s/ th Y/oh Ykj p?m/
jB T[BQK nzdo gqkDK dk ;zuko eoBk
ukfjnk. T[j ;wMd/ ;B fe T[`uh-;[Zuh
pbtkB nkswk tkbk ftnesh jh d/Fe"w-Xow bJh ikB e[opkB eo ;edk
j?. T[j jh rT{-rohp dk Gbk ;'u
;edk j?.
T[BQK nkgDh e;tZNh T[`s/ bk e/
t/fynk sK T[BQK ~ ;ko/ fd;/, efjzd/ejkT[Id/ f;Zy gzE ftu'I e/tb Ykjh jh
r[of;Zy bZG/. T[jh r[o{ BkBe d/t, r[o{
r'fpzd f;zx dh ofjs wo:kdk d/ XkoBh
r[of;Zy ;B. T[BQK d/ BK ;B L pkpk
iwhns f;zx ekBQk ekSk, ;H bfjDk f;zx
xoiky, d't/I g{o/ ns/ pkpk iwhns f;zx
frZb nZXk - T[j nZXk f;Zy ;{dy'o j'D
eoe/ ;h.
;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx d/ w[oMkJ/ f;Zy
pk| ~ w[V ;o;p} eoB bJh ;fsr[o{
okw f;zx B/ T[jh t;kyh dk fdjkVh
u[fDnk. ;fsr[o{ r'fpzd f;zx ih B/ w[|b
;bsBs Bkb NZeo b?D bJh f;ZyK ~
nzfwqs Sek e/ ]kb;k pDkfJnk ;h.
;fsr[o{ okw f;zx B/ ;ko/ Gkos ~
jVZgD tkb/ ;Zs ;w[zdo'I gko'I nkJ/ nzro/
}K ~ d/F ftu'I eZYD bJh e{ek iE/pzdh
dh F[o{nks ehsh ;h.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ 12 ngq?b ;zB 1857
~ t;kyh 1914 fpH tkb/ fdB gziK

fgnkfonK ~ yzv/-pkN/ dk nzfwqs SekfJnk

ns/ nk}kdh bJh bZe pzBQ e/ s[oB dk
gqshe fse'Bk fuZNk Mzvk M[bkfJnk. fJj
Mzvk nwB, ;KMhtkbsk, d/F Grsh,
;[dF/ h, nzro/} jkewK Bkb BkfwbtosB
s/ nfjz;k dk ;ze/s fdzdk ;h.
vkH c"ik f;zx d/ FpdK ftu L
@@Mzv/ dk M[bkT[Dk ns/ 1857 ftu
;zs ]kb;k BK dh iE/pzdh dh ;EkgBk
eoBk e/tb ;wkfie s/ Xkofwe ihtB ~
fJe;[o eoB bJh u[Zfenk frnk edw
BjhI ;h ;r'I okiBhse bfjo dk T[dxkNB
;h. (e{ek w{tw?NI )
e{ek bfjo d/ j'o d' BK th gquZbs
j'J/ T[j ;B L @;zs ]kb;k# s/ @BkwXkoh#.
frnkBh frnkB f;zx gzE ]kb;/ dh
fJ; Fky pko/ fbyd/ jB L
;jh Bkw BkwXkoh nkfj fsB ek
T[ukoh,
e{e wkoB/ s/ e{e/ irs pykB j?.I
(Fqh r[o{ gzE gqekF)
;fsr[o{ ih B/ gziK fgnkfonK dh
u'D oki/-wjkokfinK, ikrhodkoK ftu'I BjhI
ehsh ;r'I ;kXkoB g/Iv{ b'eK ftu'I ehsh.
T[j ;wMd/ ;B fe T[jh gSV/ dp/-e[ub/
bskV/ iKd/ oj/ jB. fJBQK dh pKj cVB
dh b'V j?. ;fsr[o{ ih d/ ;ki/ yzv/ dh
gkj[b SeD tkb/ gfjb/ gzi f;zx ;BL
1H ekjB f;zx fBjzr L fJj ;H
BZEk f;zx, fgzv uZe fonk;s wb/oe'Nbk
55

d/ ;g[Zso ;B. T[j ]kb;k c"i ftu

ezto B"fBjkb f;zx dh gbNB (o?ihw?NI )
ftu fpqr/vhno w/io w?e;B dh ewkB j/
m jtkbdko ;B. ;fsr[o{ ih th U;/
gbNB ftu ;B. T[E/ jh nksfwe ;KM
g?dk j'Jh ;h. fBjzr ih w[Zdeh dh
bVkJh ftu ]kb;k c"i dh fBokFkiBe
;fEsh s/ |dko nkr{nK eoe/ B"eoh SZv
e/ fgzv nk rJ/ ;B. T[j ;fsr[o{ dh
;'Gk ;[D e/ 1856 JhH ftu G?Dh ;kfjp
nkJ/ s/ w'j/ rJ/.
2H bkG f;zx L fJj fgsk ;H ihs
f;zx d/ bVe/, BtK Ffjo d/ t;Bhe
;B. fJj ;{ow/ f;zx ;B. ewkb dk
;ozdk tikT[d
I / ;B s/ r[ows ;zrhs d/
wkfjo ;B. fJj r[o{ pkbe f;zx s'I
dhfynk b?D rJ/ go T[BQK B/ ;fsr[o{
okw f;zx d/ uoBK ftu G/i fdsk. fJj
ibzXo s/ nzfwqs;o f}fbQnK ftu gquko
eod/ oj/.
3H nkswk f;zx L T[BQK dk fgzv
xkb' w[jko, f}bQk f;nkbe'N ;h. T[j
pV/ ftdtkB ;B. fe;/ ekwb w[oFd dh
Gkb ftu xo'I fBeb/. T[j t}hokpkd,
bkj"o d/ r/V/ eZYd/ Fqh G?Dh ;kfjp gj[zu/
ns/ ;fsr[o{ ih d/ nzfwqs puB ;[D e/
nksfwe nBzd wfj;{; ehsk.
4H B?Dk f;zx L fJj tfonKj f}bQk
nzfwqs;o d/ t;Bhe ;B. fJBQK d/ fgsk
dk BK ;H ;w[zd f;zx ;h. fJBQK okrh
bkG f;zx s'I ;fsr[o{ ih dh wfjwk ;[Dh
ns/ G?Dh ;kfjp d/ gKXh pD/. ;fsr[o{
ih d/ doFB eoe/ fJBQK dhnK ;G
GNeDK w[Ze rJhnK.
5H ;[X f;zx L fJBQK dk fgzv d[orkg[o,
f}bQk ibzXo ;h. fJBQK d/ fgsk dk BK
irs f;x ;h. fJj u"Eh nfB:fws
x'V;tko c"i ftu B"eoh eo u[Ze/ ;B.
G?Dh ;kfjp nk e/ ;fsr[o{ ih dh feogk
56

d/ gkso pD/.
t;kyh tkb/ fdB ;fsr[o{ ih d/
j}{o ;zrs p?mh j'Jh ;h. nk;k dh tko
dk ehosB j'fJnk. ;fsr[o{ ih dh :'iBk
nB[;ko gzi f;zx ;[Zu-;'X dk, ;D/ e/;hI
fJFBkB eoe/ yzvk-pkNk ;[e-wKi eoe/,
T[; ftu ;[Zuk ib s/ gsk;/ gk e/ nzfwqs
fsnko eotkfJnk. T[BQK d/ j[ew nB[;ko
d;t/I gksFkj dhnK fszB pkDhnK - ikg,
u"gJh (g[fB okS; ek ekNk ;h;k), d;
;t?:/ (;qktr ;[X ;w{j) gVQhnK rJhnK.
T[BQK B/ r[o{ BkBe d/t ih dh pkDh ig[ih
ns/ r[o{ nwodk; ih dh pkDh nkBzd
g{ohnK gVQhnK. gfjbK gzi f;zxK ~ nzfwqs
SekfJnk frnk, e/;K ftu nzfwqs gkfJnk
frnk ns/ B/soK ftu ib d/ fSZN/ wko/
rJ/. jo tkoh tkfjr[o{ ih ek ]kb;k
tkfjr[o{ ih eh \sfj p'fbnk frnk.
nzfwqs fsnko eoB s/ SeD-SekT[D
tkfbnK B/ ewoeZ;/ ftu ;\kizr bkJ/
j'J/ ;B. T[j gzi eekoK d/ XkoBh ;B.
vkH i;tzs f;zx iZ; d/
FpdK ftu L

@@BkfwbtosB d/ f;XKs
nB[ ; ko BkwXkohnK B/
nzro/}h ek~B s/
nz r o/ } h ndkbsK dk
T[`ek pkJhekN eo fdsk
;h. e{ek iE/pzdh dh
;EkgBk eoB ;w/I pkpk
okw f;zx ih d/ go;go
MrV/ BfiZmD bJh
g[oksB Gkosh YzrK dh
tos'I gquZfbs ehsh.##
(pkpk okw f;z x BkwXkoh)

T[BQK s'I pknd pqjwp{N/ nykV/ d/

;kX pqjw ;[X B/ nzfwqs Sfenk fi; dk
BK ;kfjp f;zx oZfynk frnk. ;qh ;fsr[o{
ih s/ S'N/ tho p[ZX f;zx B/ r'w[y s'I
fBebh nzfwqs dh fJ; rzrk d/ u[b/
Se/. fco j'o nzfwqs nfGbkFh f;ZyK dh
p/Bsh gqtkB eoe/ nzfwqs SekfJnk frnk.
;fsr[o{ okw f;zx ih B/ e{fenK
bJh ;tk gfjo d/ sVe/ T[`m e/, rVtk
b? e/ w?dkB ikDk, nk e/ ;D/ e/;hI
fJFBkB eoBk, gdw nk;D bk e/ p?m e/
wkbk c/oBh, @u[nyo/# dk GiB eoBk
fBZsB/w pDk fdsk. fJ;/ fBZsB/w dk
fjZ;k ig, ikg d'jK d/ Fpd j}kfonK s/
uzvh dh tko dk gkm ;h. nk;k dh tko
dk ehosB fwb p?m e/ eoBk fwfEnk
frnk. ;kok fdB Xow dh feos eoBk
}o{oh ;h. ;tk;-;tk; Bkw igd/ ofjDk
;h.
T[BQK B/ ;qh nkfd rqzE ;kfjp s/ ;qh
d;w rqzE ;kfjp d/ gkm eoB dh ;zEk
fdsh. T[BKQ nkfbnK, nbwkohnK ftu gJ/
rqzEK ~ eZY e/ XowFkbktK ftu, MkV-g{zM
e/, ;k\ eoe/, nkdo Bkb gqekF eoB dk
j[ew fdsk. T[BQK B/ e{fenK ~ fe;/ gho,
\eho, r[r
Z ,/ G?o,'I wksk, d/th d/ EkB, rqkw
d/ts/, mke[o d[nko/ ~ @g{iD# T[E/ wZEk
N/'eD dh wBkjh ehsh. wVQhnK w;kDK ~
Bk wzBD, wZEk N/eD, Bk ;[ZyDk ;[ZyD dh
fJik}s fdsh.
e{fenK ~ gqFkdk ;[Zu ;'X dk SeD
dk j[ew j'fJnk. ;D/ e/;hI y{j s'I ;/X
dk fJFBkB eoe/, nkg gqFkd pDkT[Dk
iK ;'Xh jZE'I SeDk, fe;/ |?o-wo:kdk
tkb/ nDwshJ/ d/ jZE dk BjhI ykDk.
fJE'I se fe gkDh th nkgDk SeDk. fJ;
bJh rVtk v'oh Bkb oZyDk. fJ; Bkb
T[`dw ofjzdk j?, ;[;sh BjhI nkT[Idh.
;fsr[o{ ih B/ pkDh d/ Bkb e{fenK
~ ftF/F pkDk d/ e/ Bt/ebh gSkD
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

fdsh. T[BQK dh f;ZXh d;sko, rb f;ZXk

e[Vsk, s/V eSfjok, fijVk fJFBkB t/b/
th fJe gj[zuk bkj[Dk s/ fJe gkT[Dk ;h
s/ u{Vhdko gikwk. rba T[`B dh ;\?d
wkbk dh nkg B/ ftF/F gSkD pDkJh.
e{fenK ~ gzi eeko, e/;, ezxk, eVk,
eSfjok, feogkB (feT[fI e nzro/}K tb'I
tZvh feogkB dh wBkjh ;h ;' feogkB
ezx/ Bkb oZyh iKdh ;h) dk XkoBh
pDkfJnk. e{fenK ~ ;\kizr (fsZyh j"bh
e[jkVh) oZyD dk j[ew ;h.
;' i/ fposh ;s' r[Dh oZyDh ;h sK
T[; bJh ykX y[oke th ;s' r[Dh jh
;'Gdh j?. ;' e{fenK dk G'iB th g{oB
Fkekjkoh ;h. wk;, wZSh, nKvk, fpbe[b
wBQK ;B. BF/ d/ BK T[s/ Bkw dk jh
BFk ;h. nchw, Gzr, g';s, Fokp ns/
j'o BFhb/ gdkoEK dh wBkjh ehsh rJh
;h.
jtB dh wo:kdk ;w/I ;qh nkfd rqzE
;kfjp s/ ;qh d;w rzqE ;kfjp ftu'I gzi
pkDhnK (uT[gJh, ig[, ikg[, uzvh ufosq,
nekb T[;sfs) dk gkm eoB dk j[ew
;h. ;ko/ f;zxk ~ ;[Zu ;'X d/ XkoBh j'
e/, pho nk;D bk e/ ewoeZ;k bk e/ s/
;\kizr bk e/ p?mDk j[zdk ;h. jtB
ftu, jtB ;kwZroh, fxT[, uzdB, p/oh iK
gbkj dh bZeVh jh tosh iKdh ;h. Bkb
;[Zek Bkohnb ;{sh eZgV/ ftu bg/N e/, X'
e/ oZyDk pDdk ;h. nZr pkbD t/b/ c{e
wkoB dh wBkjh ehsh rJh. jtB tkbh
EK T[s/ fwZNh dk g'uk c/fonk iKdk ;h.
jtB ;Zs ;oho eod/ ;B. fJj wo:kdk
j[D th ekfJw j?. uzvh dh tko dk gkm
eoBk th fBZsB/w dk fjZ;k ;h.
e{e/ fgzvK, BroK ftu oks ~ fJeZm/
j' e/ Y'beh, S?fDnK, yVskbK Bkb fdtkB
bkT[dI ./
fJj gzE fBnkok brdk ;h go
wo:kdk d;w gskFkj tkbh ;h. T[BQK

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

dk fBFkBk ftd/Fh jkewK dh ;\ tbQ/NDk

;h. frnkBh frnkB f;zx B/ fJBQK pko/
fbfynk j?L
oNs GtkBh eh T[gk;Bk gms pkBh
tkfjr[o{ tkfjr[o{ oNs nw{e/ j?I.
;[eb p;B wkbk ;{Xh d;sko ekYh
eo j?I jwB gkm rqzE r[o{ i{ e/ j?I.
d;w/ r[o{ e/ f;zx ;kfJe ;jh j?I
;fG.
bkb;k bbkw oki b?p/ eh wku{e/ j?I.
j/o/ i?;/ byD j?I N/o/ i?;/ r:kB f;zx
n?; gof;ZX jh nfpX f;Zy e{e/ j?I.
(;qh r[o{ gzE gqekF)

;[ d / F h s/ BkfwbtosB
e{fenK bJh ;[d/Fh p;sq gkT[D dk
j[ew ;h s/ ftd/Fh d/ pkJhekN eoB
dk. T[j yZdo G{ok gfjBd/ Bk fe
wkBu?;No dhnK fwZbK dk eZgVk. fjzd;[ skBh
pk}koK ftu tbkfJsh wkb dh ftZeoh
XVkXV tX ojh ;h. T[; gqfs T[dk;hB
j'D Bkb jh d/;h wkb dh ygs tX
;edh s/ d/F d/ ekfwnK ~ ezw fwb
;edk ;h. ftd/Fh eZgV/ dh ygs fet/I
xNh-tXh, oiBh gkwdZs B/ fbfynk j? L

;fsr[o{ ih B/ e{fenK
~ nkg;h MrV/ Bk eoB
s/ i/ fe;/ dh nVh ekoB
j' ikt/ sK b'e gzukfJsK
ftu w[ekT[D dk nkd/F
fdsk. fJ; Bkb nzro/}
dhnK ndkbsK ftu j[zd/
nfBnK, T[E/ }kfJnk ehs/
iKd/ tes s/ you s'I
pfunk ik ;edk ;h.

@@1814 JhH s'I 1835 JhH d/ ftu

fjzd[;skB ftu tbkfJsh eZgV/ dh ygs
10 bZy s'I tX e/ 5 eo'V d; bZy r}
j' rJh. J/;/ d"okB fjzd[;skB ;{sh
eZgfVnK dh ygs tbkfJs ftu 77 bZy
50 j}ko EkB s'I xNdh xNdh 20 bZy
6 j}ko EkB ofj rJh.##
(nki ek Gkos)
nzro/}K dh ftZfdnk gqDkbh ftd/Fh
f;Zfynk, ;kfjs, ;fGnkuko s/ Xow gqfs
M[ek g?dk eodh ;h s/ Gkosh ;kfjs,
;fGnkuko, Xkofwe ftFtk;K s'I d{o b?
iKdh ;h. fJ;/ eoe/ e{fenK B/ fJ; dk
pkJhekN ehsk. vkH o'FB bkb nkj{ik
f;Zfynk pko/ fbyd/ jB L
@@d/;h f;Zfynk dh nX'rsh dk j'o
tZvk ekoB fwFB d/ ;e{b ;B, fiBQK Bkb
d/;h gkmFkbktK eh NZeo b? ;edhnK
;B, T[BQK d/ j?vwk;No pV/ ftdtkB,
r'o/, T[BQK d/ ;e{bK dh pVh FkB, T[BQK
dh gVQkJh dk o'jp s/ T[BQK d/ gk; nw[Ze
d"bs ;h. gZSwh ;{oi d/ ukBD/ ftu
g{oph uzB ghbk s/ fcZek g? frnk.
go?;phN/ohnB fwFB B/ nzpkbk (1848
JhH), bkj"o (1849 JhH) ns/ oktbfgzvh
(1865 JhH) ftu e/d
I o pDkJ/. uou
fwFB B/ nzfwqs;o (1852 JhH), eKrVk
(1854 JhH), w[bskB s/ fgFkto (1855
JhH) nkgD/ nZv/ ;Ekgs ehs/. d' ;kbK
ftu fJBQK B/ gzi nZv/, 24 gqukoe, fszB
S'N/ nZmthI d/ ;e{b, 9 T[od{ d/ ;e{b,
fiBQK ftu 488 ftfdnkoEh, 2 p'ofvzr
;e{b, 35 e[VhnK d/ ;e{b ns/ 27
n?stko d/ ;e{b y'bQ/, fiBQK ftu 3007
Skso.## (gzikp)
;fsr[o{ ih B/ nzro/}K d/ ;Ekgs
ehs/ ;e{bK ftu Bk G/iD nkgD/ pZfunK
~ j'F nkT[D #s/ r[ow[yh nZyo gVQkT[D
bJh j[ew ikoh eo fdsk.
e{fenK ~ ;oekoh B"eoh eoB dh
57

wBkjh ;h. ;oekoh B"eoh eoB Bkb

GkoshnK B/ T[;/ wFhB dk g[o}k pD
ikDk ;h fi; B/ fJBQK dh nk}kdh ~
dofVnk ;h. fJBQK |[bkwh dk s/ ihj}{oh dh GktBk dk fFeko j' ikDk ;h.
fJzi nzro/}h Grsh dk w[ZY pZM ikDk
;h.
e{fenK bJh ;fsr[o{ ih B/ fBZih
vke gqpzX dh gzEe ekoiK bJh b'V ;h.
fJ; dk ;[B/jk f}zw/tkoh Bkb, r[gs, S/sh
s/ mhe EK gj[zu ;edk ;h. Fkj-okj dh
EK fgzv-' fgzv ikfJnk iKdk ;h. fi; ftnesh
dh ;[B/jk iK fuZmh gjz[ukT[D dh f}zw/tkoh
brdh ;h, T[j ;Zs ezw SZv e/ th fJ;
iE/pzdh ekoi ~ fyV/ wZE/ eodk ;h. b'V
g?D T[s/ w[Vdh vke th nk iKdh ;h.
fJj BkfwbtosB fJe okiBhse
jfEnko ;h. fi; pko/ n?B;kJheb'ghvhnk
fpqN/fBek ftu fbfynk j?L
@@T[j (;fsr[o{ okw f;zx) BkfwbtosB
s/ pkJhekN ~ poskBth sikosh wkb s/
;/tktK fto[XZ okiBhse jfEnko ti'I tosB
tkbk gfjbk Gkosh ;h.##
Gkosh ;wki ftu nBgVQ s k
nfrnkBsk, nzX-ftFtk;, nkofEe s/ iksh
G/d-Gkt s/ fJ;sohnK gqfs fsq;eko dh
GktBk ekoB froktN nk u[Zeh ;h.
;fsr[o{ okw f;zx ih B/ gVQkJh ~ T[sFkfjs
ehsk, nzX-ftFtk;h pD e/ p[ZsK, epoK,
gZEoK ~ g{iD dh wBkjh ehsh. nkg;h
nwhoh-rohph, iks-pokdoh d/ fGzB-G/d
G[Zb e/ fJe d{i/ Bkb fgnko Bkb ofjD
dh iku dZ;h. T[BQK B/ ;dk s'I w}b{w
ojh n"os ~ T[; dk pDdk wkD d/D dk
j[ew ehsk. T[BQK B/ izwdhnK e[VhnK ~
wkoB, e[VhnK ~ t/uD, tZNk eoB dh
;]s wBkjh ehsh. T[BQK B/ dki dh
bkjBs ysw eoB fto[XZ s/ ftXtk ftnkj
d/ jZe ftu e{fenK ~ bkwpzd ehsk.
T[BQK B/ pkb-ftnkj pzd ehs/. T[BQK B/
fJe j[ewBkw/ ftu fbfynk L j'o ih fe;/
58

B/ Xh G?D dk g?;k BjhI b?Dk. pZNk BjhI

eoBk. ;ko/ pjho ~ fJj j[ew ;[Dk

;fsr[o{ ih B/ e{e/ f;ZyK

~ ;dkuko edoK-ehwsK
d/ XkoBh pDB bJh
gq/fonk. nkg T[BQK ~
nkdoF ftnesh pDkT[ D k
ukj[zd/ ;B sK fe ;wki
~, d/F ~, okjB[wkJh
d/D d/ ;woZE j'D,
T[j T[`u/ ukb-ubD d/
wkbe j'D, T[j fe;/
d{i/ dh Xh-G?D
~ nkgDh Xh-G? D ;wMD,
T[j ftGukoh Bk j'D,
T[j fe;/ Bkb XZek Bk
eoB, u'oh-mZrh iK
j/okc/oh Bk eoB. T[j
;{dy'o Bk j'D, nkgD/
jZ e -jbkb dh ewkJh
ftu poes ;wMD i/
fe;/ dh fvZrh uh} bZG
th gt/ sK ;theko Bk
eoB. T[j fe;/ soQK d/
b'G, w'j, jzeko, e'qX s'I
puD. T[j ;fji ofjD,
FKs s/ fwZm-p'bV/.
i/ e'Jh wko/ sK th fywk
eo d/D. T[j ;[Zuh
ofjDh-pfjDh s/ r[ o
wo:kdk d/ XkoBh j'D.
T[BQK dh ;'u fJBebkph j't/.

d/Dk i' gzdoK ;'bQK po; s'I xZN e'Jh

e[Vh Bk ftnkj/.
eg{o f;zx nkJhH;hHn?;H d/ FpdK
ftu L @@i' T[BQK d/F s/ iksh bJh wjkB
ezw ehs/ jB, SZv th dJhJ/ sK T[BQK dk
fJe fJj gquko fe ;wki ftu fJ;soh s/
wod pokpo d/ jZedko jB, jh T[BQK ~
;z;ko Go d/ Fo'wDh ;[XkoeK dh ;\
ftu yVQk eo d/Idk j?.## (;gsf;zqr)
n?wHn?wH nkjb{tkbhnk d/ FpdK
nB[;ko L @@T[; (;fsr[o{ okw f;zx) B/
;wfMnk fe ;[szsosk ;zrokw fijVk T[;
d/ Xow dk e'Jh S'Nk fijk fjZ;k BjhI ;h,
;wkfie s/ ;dkukoe T[funkJh fpBK w;K
jh fiZfsnk ik ;edk j?. fJ;/ eoe/
jh T[; B/ ;funkJh s/ JhwkBdkoh dk
T[gd/F d/ e/ w[ZY pzfBQnK.## (e{ek w{tw?IN)
T[BQK B/ e{ek bfjo dk w[ZY fgzvK s'I
pzfBQnK, fgzvK ftu d/F dh pj[sh nkpkdh
t;dh j?. T[j fBoSb, JhwkBdko s/
;kT{ Foh\ j[zdh j?. T[BQK dk fBFuk fdqVQ
j[zdk j?. T[BQK ~ ;wkfie, okiBhse
u/sBk dh b'V j[zdh j?. ;', e{ek bfjo B/
T[BQK ~ nkgDk w{b gSkDB bJh nkgDk
fjZ;k pDkfJnk. T[j ;fsr[o{ okw f;zx
dh d/;h Xkofwe ofjs wo:kdk, okiBhse
u/sBk, ;wkfie eqKsh, ;dkukoe edoKehwsK d/ nkg XkoBh pDd/ rJ/ s/ j'oK
bJh nkdoF ;kps j'J/.
(gq e kFB ftGkr, ;{ u Bk s/ gq ; koD
wz s okbk tb' I Skgh g[ ; se @;fsr[ o {
okw f;zx s/ e{ek bfjo# ftu'I)

ftuko
w"s BjhI ;r'I T[; dk ekoB wB[Zy ~
Fjhd pDkT[d
I k j?. (B?g'bhnB)
w?~ nk}kdh d/t' iK w"s.
(g/NI o j?Boh)
i/ e'Jh uh} wzrDh j? sK nk}kdh jh
wzr'.
(g/NI o j?Boh)
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;[szsosk ;zrqkw

eosko f;zx ;okGk

skokuzd gkb @p/eb#

e[

dos ~ T[; fdB, T[; xVh,

;[yZ -Goh j?okBh j'Jh id'I b[fXnkDk
d/ ;okGk fgzv ftu tkfjr[o{ d/ gow
Grs ;odko wzrb f;zx d/ xo fJe
nfij/ g[Zso dk iBw j'fJnk ;h i'
fJfsjk; ftu nkgDh ftbZyD EK pDkT[D
d/ r[D b? e/ nkfJnk ;h.
fJj bVek nkgD/ wK-fgU dk fJeb"sk
g[Zso ;h. g{ok xo c[Zfbnk BjhI ;h
;wkT[Idk. u[\/o/ ][Fh jh ][Fh ;h. pV/
uktK Bkb pZu/ dk gkbD-g'FD j'D bZfrnk.
T[; t/b/ fe;/ ~ th fJ; rZb dh fGDe
BjhI ;h fe T[BQK d/ fJ; S'N/ fij/ fgzv
dk vzek nwohek, eB/vk s/ fJzrb?Iv se
tikT[Idk j'fJnk d/F dk fJj tho ;g[Zso
wks-G{wh dh ;[szsosk bJh jZ;-jZ; e/
pbhdkB d/D ~ fsnko j'tr
/ k ns/ f;o\
T[`Bh ;kb dh T[wo ftu fJj rk-rk e/
bkj"o dh ;?INob i/bQ r[zik d/t/rk s/oh f]dws w/I, n? Gkos
:/j f;o ikJ/, :/j iK ikJ/,
s' w?I ;wM{zrk,
:/j woBk fjnks/ ikftdK w/ok.
fe; ~ gsk ;h fe nk}kdh bJh
nwohek dh Xosh T[`s/ sfjbek wukT[D
tkbh |do gkoNh d/ Gkoh fJeZm #u pV/
mkm Bkb fBvo j' e/ rkt/rk ub', ubhJ/, d/F ~ :[ZX eoB,
J/j', nk]oh puB \owkB j' rJ/.
fJj fJe fJfsjk;e ;ukJh j? fe
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

Gkos dk fgnkok gqd/F gzikp fJe gZek

gfjo/dko, y/shpkVh dk w'joh ns/ nkB,
wkD, ;BwkB dk rVQ fojk j?. ]?po dZo/
s'I T[`m e/ nkT[D tkb/ s{\kBh jwfbnK ~
;G s'I gfjbK gziK dfonktK tkb/ gqdF/ B/
jh nkgDh Sksh T`[s/ MZfbnk j?. fJj
;[Gkr th fJ;/ tho-G{wh ~ iKdk j? fe
fJ; B/ wjkokik oDihs f;zx tor/ F/o/
gzikp ns/ joh f;zx Bb{nk tor/ wjkB
i'X/ fds/. r[o{ r'fpzd f;zx B/ tho G{wh
gzikp ~ fJj nwo ;b'e tork r{zi
Gfonk d'jk d/ e/ e[opkBh dh GktBk
Bkb tho gozgok dk Mzvk p[bzd ehsk fuVhUI ;/ w?I pki bVkTI{
sp jh Bkw r'fpzd XokT{I
d/F Grs thoK dh nfijh wjkB
G{wh T[`s/ eosko f;zx dk iBw j'fJnk.
eosko f;zx pugB s'I jh c[oshbk
ns/ f;jswzd ;h. febekohnK wkodk sK
;kok xo r{zi T[`mdk. ftjV/ ftu bKxK
Godk sK ftjVk ]{p;{os pD iKdk. go
eosko f;zx d/ ni/ d'X/ dzd th BjhI
NZ[N/ ;B fe T[; d/ fgsk wzrb f;zx dh
w"s j' rJh. bkv-fgnko dh f}zdrh ~
eokok MNek bZrk. go nBkE eosko ~
T[; d/ dkd/ B/ ;jkok fdsk. T[; d/
fgsk dh xkN edh th wfj;{; Bk j'D
fdsh. eosko f;zx dk fJe ukuk T[; t/
b/ ;KM/ ;{p/ dh g[fb; ftu S'Nk mkD/dko
;h ns/ fJe ukuk UvhFk ;oeko d/
wfjewk izrbks ftu fJe uzr/ nj[d/

T[s/ ;h. fJBQK d'jK B/ th eosko ~ ih

Go e/ fgnko fdsk.
dkd/ B/ eosko f;zx ~ fgzv d/
gqkfJwoh ;e{b ftu dk]b eotkfJnk.
T[E'I dh gVQkJh g{oh eoB T[gozs T[; ~
nZr/ tXD bJh b[fXnkDk ftu ]kb;k
jkJh ;e{b ftu dk]b eotkfJnk fiE/
gVQB s'I fJbktk y/vD ns/ ;kEhnK Bkb
bV-fGV g?D dh th T[; dh nkds
pDdh rJh.
b[fXnkDk ftu B"thI ebk; se
gVQfdnK eosko B/ y/vK ftu uzrk BkwDk
yZN fbnk. Bkb-Bkb jh okiBhse
;orowhnK dk gqGkt th T[; d/ pkb-wB
T[`s/ g?D bZr fgnk ;h. T[j nkgDh
iwks ns/ ;kEhnK s'I nZr/ ofjD bZr
fgnk ;h. dkd/ B/ id'I fJj spdhbh d/
yh sK fJ; ~ o'eD tk;s/ T[; ~ nkgD/
d{i/ g[Zso e'b UvhFk gVQB G/i fdsk.
T[E/ T[; B/ uzr/ Bzpo b? e/ d;thI gk;
ehsh.
e[M fdBK pknd eosko f;zx ekbi
ftu dk]b j' frnk. ekbi ftu fJfsjk;
ns/ okiBhsh dhnk feskpK ns/ n]pkoK
s'I eosko f;zx ~ d/F dh oki;h jkbs
dk gsk bZrk. j[D T[j d/F dh d[odFk
gqfs f\eowzd th ofjD bZrk. fJj T[j
;wK ;h id'I fJE'I d/ B"itkB pkjoh
d[BhnK ~ ikDB ns/ tXhnk gVQkJh bJh
nwohek ns/ fJzrb?Iv ikDk ukj[zd/ ;B.
eosko f;zx B/ th nkgD/ wB dh rZb
59

nkgD/ uku/ ~ dZ;h. uku/ B/ fJ; dh

nkfrnk d/ fdsh. T[; d/ wB ftu d/F
fgnko dh fJe bfjo ;h, fJe ftuko
gqtkj ;h fi; ~ ;w/I dh oki;h u/sBk s'I
Fesh fwbh.
1912 ftu eosko f;zx ;kB coKf;;e'
ik gj[zuk. T[BQh fdBhI nwohek ftu
ftd/FhnK, ]k; eoe/ Gkos s'I nkT[D
tkfbnK T[s/ ;]s B}o oZyh iKdh ;h.
wkJhro/FB ek~B pj[s ;]s ;B.
T[E/ gj[zufdnK jh eosko f;zx ~
fJwhro/FB nfXekoh d/ nB/e ;tkbK dk
;kjwDk eoBk fgnk. eosko f;zx B/
fBvo j' e/ itkp fdzfdnK nkgDk wzst
T[u/oh gVQkJh dZf;nk fi; dh ;j{bs
fjzd[;skB ftu ;zGt BjhI ;h. nfXekoh
B/ id'I fJj fejk fe i/ T[; ~ ijk} s'I
Bk T[soB fdsk frnk sK eosko f;zx
dk itkp ;h, @@fJ; nfBnK Bkb w/oh
;zGkth gqrsh sK o[e/rh jh, Bkb jh
;z;ko w/o/ wjZstg{oB :'rdkB s'I ;ZyDk
ofj ikt/rk.## fJj rZb fJzB/ gqGktFkbh
Yzr Bkb nkyh rJh fe nfXekoh B/ g{o/
Go';/ Bkb gqGkfts j' e/ eosko f;zx ~
T[soB dh nkfrnk fdzfdnK T[; d/ T[`ib
GftZy dh ekwBk ehsh.
nwohek ftu gVQkJh dh uzrh ;j{bs
;h. Bkb jh ezw th fwb frnk. e'Jh
nkofEe n"eV Bk nkJh. go nzro/}K
ftu T[BQhI fdBhI fjzd[;skBhnK gqfs B\os
nkw jh ;h. @pb?e w?B#, @v?fw;N#, @f;bh
v?w fjzd{# nkfd fij/ ;zp'XB eosko f;zx
d/ firo ftu sho tKr bZrd/ ;B. T[;
~ nkgD/ ;wki dh wkVh jkbs T[`s/ o'D
nkT[D ;h.
Gkos dh ;[szsosk d/ ftukoK ~
pb d/D bJh T[BQK fdBK ftu nwohek
ftu @fJvhnB bhr# dh ;EkgBk ehsh ik
u[eZ h ;h. vkH ]kB y'i/ s/ bkbk jofdnkb
nkgD/ j'o ;kEh d/F-GrsK Bkb fJe
BthI u/sBk irk oj/ ;B. fJ; d/ Bkb
60

jh |do gkoNh dh ;EkgBk th j' u[Zeh

;h.
fJe fdB fJe Gkoh fJeZm ftu
bkb jofdnkb d/ i'Fhb/ ns/ d/F-Grsh
Go/ GkFD Bkb eosko f;zx pj[s gqGkfts
j'fJnk. T[j w;sh ftu rkT[D bZr fgnkL
ub' ubhJ/ d/F ~ :[ZX eoB.
itkBh dh dfjbh} gko eofdnK
1914 ftu eosko f;zx nkgD/ d/F
gofsnk. T[; d/ wB ftu fJe nZr ;h,
d/F ~ nk}kd eokT[D dh nZr. nkT[D
;ko jh |do gkoNh d/ B/sktK Bkb fwb
e/ fJ; soQK ezw eoBk F[o{ eo fdsk
fit/I ;kbK s'I fJ; ;z;Ek Bkb i[fVnk
j't./
nkgDh gkoNh ftu T[j jh ;G s'I
xZN T[wo dk eqKshekoh ;h. T[BQhI fdBhI
;qh okw fpjkoh p'; dh nrtkJh ftu c"i
ftu ftdo'j dh nZr GVekT[D dh :'iBk
pDk fojk ;h. fJ; dk fJe ;kEh fgzrb/
;h fi; Bkb T[j w/om SkT[Dh se
ftdo'j dh nZr GVekT[D frnk ;h.
e'b pzp th ;B ns/ ;[Zuk f;zx Bkb ;h.
|do gkoNh gqfs |dko pfDnk
fJe ;kEh w{bk f;zx nzro/}h ukb ftu
nk frnk. T[j gkoNh dk g?;k jVZg eo
frnk ns/ g[fb; dk w[]po pD e/ ekb/
Bkr tKr r[gs :'iBk ~ th vZ; frnk.
fJ; d/ pV/ ]soBke f;ZN/ fBeb/ ns/
eJh eqKshekoh ;{ow/ cV/ rJ/ fiBQK ftu
eosko f;zx ;okGk th ;h.
GkJh gowkBzd Bkb ;?eI V/ b'eK ~
i/bQ ftu ;[ZN fdsk frnk. w[eZdw/ dk
BkNe y/fvnk frnk. ndkbs d/ ewo/
ftu G?n, FZe, vo ns/ ;fjw dk oki
;h. go eosko f;zx dh fBvo nktk}
T[E/ wfi;No/N se ~ ezpk fdzdh ;h.
w[eZdw/ d"okB eosko dk fJj efj d/Dk,
@@w"s s'I eh voBk, \K;h sK d/F bJh
GkrK tkb/ pzfdnK ~ j[zdh j?.## fjzd[;skBh

\]o dh bbeko ;h.

Goh ndkbs ftu d/F dh ;[szsosk
dk Bknok r"otFkbh GftZy dk ;zes/ ;h.
eosko f;zx ftu fBok i'F jh BjhI
;h. T[; d/ Bt/I ]{B ftu j'F th ;h ns/
id'I w[eZdw/ d/ \?;b/ ;w/I \K;h dh ;}k
;[DkJh rJh sK T[j ][Fh Bkb T[`Sb
fgnk. pugB ftu @ncbks{B# BK Bkb
;zp'fXs ehs/ ikD tkbk T[; ;w/I tkeJh
n\bks{B ;h, fJe nbp/bk n\bks{B.
iZi B/ w[V j?okB j' e/ T[; tZb d/fynk
ns/ T[; dh db/oh dh gqFz;k eoB bJh
wip{o j'fJnk.
\K;h-xo dk T[j fdqF th fJfsjk;
pD frnk id'I o'Id/ ftbed/ dkd/ B/ ;hyK
T[`s/ jZE XofdnK j'fJnk g[ZfSnk, @@g[Zs,
;kv/ ;kfonK s'I w{zj c/o e/ fJj woB
tos fe; tk;s/<##
eosko f;zx dk ;gZFN itkp ;h,
@@dkdk ih, nkgD/ d/F bJh, d/F dh
;[szsosk bJh.## Bkb jh T[; B/ ;tkb
dk| fdsk ;h, @@dkdk ih w?I ohIr-ohIr e/
wzi/ T[`s/ fgnk wo BjhI fojk jK, eh
fJj xZN ti{d dh rZb j?.## T[BQhI fdBhI
fgzv d/ eJh b'e j?}/, Bw{Bhnk nkfd
o'rK d/ fFeko j'J/ ;B.
@@s[jkvk g'sk FkB Bkb d/F bJh
e[opkB j' fojk j?. fe;/ fpwkoh dk
fFeko BjhI.## fJokd/ d/ gZe/ T[; d/F
Grs B/ fBFus ;w/I T[`s/ jZ; e/ \K;h
dk czdk u[zw fbnk.
fJfsjk; fJ; rZb dk rtkj j? fe
eosko f;zx dk BK T[Ii jh BjhI gqf;ZX j'
frnk. |do gkoNh ftu ofj e/ eosko
f;zx B/ nfij/ feqFw/ ehs/ fiBQK Bkb T[;
dk BK Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ftu nwo j'
frnk.
(gq e kFB ftGkr, ;{ u Bk s/ gq ; koB
wzsokbk tb'I gqekfFs g[;se eqKshekohnK
dk pugB ftu'I)

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

;[szsosk ;zrqkw

pkpk joBkw f;zx dk ;okGk Bkb w/b

s/ |doh jzGb/
gq'H wbftzdo ihs tV?u s/ ;hsk okw pK;b

eosko f;zx ;okGk 18 ;kb

dk B"i[nkB rZGo{, Go i[nkBh
ftu ;h. T[; d/ wZE/ s/ ;oho
ftu ftF/F uwe ;h. T[; ~
ftZfdnk gqkgsh bJh nwohek
G/fink frnk go T[; B/ T[E/ ik
e/ d[fBnkth ftZfdnk eh b?Dh ;h
;r'I T[j d/F Grsh d/ ozr ftu
ozfrnk frnk. T[E/ T[j |do
gkoNh dk ;orow w?Ipo pD
frnk. id gkoNh B/ d/F
nk}kd eokT[D bJh ;G ~
Gkos gosD dk j'ek fdsk sK
;okGk ox[po fdnkb ~ b? e/
u[Zg u[ghsk jh Gkos gos
nkfJnk sK i' gkoNh T[;
dh fvT{Nh nwohek ftu
jh Bk bk d/t/.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

r;s 1914 ftu gfjbk ;z;ko

:[XZ fSV fgnk. nfij/ ]soBke
;w/I jKreKr s'I eokuh sko nkJh fe \"i
dh Bcoh xZN j?. xkNk g{ok eoB bJh
j'o f;gkjh G/i'. 27 pb'uh dk eoB?b
eokuh vhg{ dk fJzukoi ;h s/ w/io
ekorb ;hBhno n\;o ;h. w/io ekorb
B/ T[; vokcN ftu joBkw f;zx ekbk
;zxk s/ fJe j'o f;gkjh ][Fjkb f;zx dk
BK gk fdsk. vokcN g[ZiD #s/ 26 gzikph
d/ eoB?b B/ 27 pb'uh eoB?b ~ sko
gkJh fe joBkw f;zx ekbk ;zxk s/
][Fjkb f;zx ~ jKreKr Bk G/fink ikJ/
feT[fI e fJj d'tI/ pzd/ pV/ ]soBke jB.
r'o/ n\;o pkpk ih dhnK ;orowhnK s'I
G? yKd/ ;B feT[Ife pkpk ih B/ fwZNh
g[ZND d/ w'ou/ ;w/I s/ ekwkrkNk wko{
ijk} o'eD dh xNBk ;w/I ;orow fjZ;k
fbnk ;h. fi; t/b/ fJj sko nkJh sK
pkpk ih s/ ][Fjkb f;zx ~ eoB?b B/
p[bkfJnk s/ fejk, @s[wQkok eoB?b s[wQko/
;/ eKg yksk j? fenk pks j?< s[w
jKreKr BjhI ik ;es/.#
pkpk ih B/ T[`so fdsk, @n;hI nkg
th jKreKr ikD ~ fsnko BjhI,# sK 27
pb'uh d/ eoB?b B/ fejk, @s[w fp;so/
pKX' n"o f\o'}g[o e' ikU.# s/ o/bt/
tkozN T[BQK d/ jZE cVk fds/. fJj
d't/I f\o'}g[o nk rJ/. fJBQK fdBK ftu

jh eosko f;zx ;okGk f\o'}g[o nkT[Idk

iKdk ofjzdk ;h s/ bK; BkfJe feogk
f;zx ~ ne;o fwbdk ofjzdk ;h.
d;zpo 1914 d/ n]hob/ fdBhI ;kv/
;kEh b?; BkfJe feogk f;zx (br wkioh
- j[fFnkog[o) B/ w?~ p[bkfJnk s/ fJe
Ugo/ fij/ B"itkB ~ fwbkfJnk. fJj
B"itkB oks w/o/ gk; jh fojk. rZbK
d"okB T[; B/ |doh gkoNh d/ gq'rokw
pko/ uouk eofdnK w?~ dZf;nk fe
ftd/FK ftu'I |do gkoNh d/ ;?IeV/ d/F
Grs tkg; gos oj/ jB s/ tZy-tZy
SkT[DhnK ftu \"iK ~ |do bJh fsnko
eo oj/ jB. T[; B/ fJ; rZb dk th
f}eo ehsk fe izr ekoB r'ok \"i dh
frDsh ;kv/ d/F nzdo pj[s xZN ofj
rJh j? s/ fJ; bJh ;kv/ ;kfonK bJh
fJj ;[Bfjoh w"ek j?. n]ho ftu ;k~
][\hnk s"o s/ gbNB ftu gquko eoB dh
skehd ehsh s/ fejk fe S/sh jh |do
n]pko okjhI ek\h e[M gsk bZr u[Zfenk
j'fJnk ;h, ;okG/ ~ fwb e/ nkgDh
ekw:kph ftu g{ok :ehB j' frnk.
eosko f;zx ;okGk 18 ;kb dk
B"i[nkB rZGo{, Go i[nkBh ftu ;h. T[;
d/ wZE/ s/ ;oho ftu ftF/F uwe ;h.
T[; ~ ftZfdnk gqkgsh bJh nwohek
G/fink frnk go T[; B/ T[E/ ik e/
d[fBnkth ftZfdnk eh b?Dh ;h ;r'I T[j
61

d/F Grsh d/ ozr ftu ozfrnk frnk.

T[E/ T[j |do gkoNh dk ;orow w?pI o
pD frnk. id gkoNh B/ d/F nk}kd
eokT[D bJh ;G ~ Gkos gosD dk
j'ek fdsk sK ;okGk ox[po fdnkb ~ b?
e/ u[Zg u[ghsk jh Gkos gos nkfJnk sK
i' gkoNh T[; dh fvT{Nh nwohek ftu jh
Bk bk d/t/ s/ T[j nk}kdh dh d/th se
g[ZiD'I fgZS/ Bk ofj ikt/.
T[; ;w/I e'beksk ftu r'ok Fkjh
dh ;hHnkJhHvhH fFekoh e[fZ snK tKr Gkos
nk oj/ d/F GrsK dh p' ;[zxdh fcodh
;h.
;okG/ B/ e'beksk dh EK bzek dk
okj cfVnk s/ wdok; j[zdk j'fJnk 1516 ;szpo 1914 ~ gzikp nk frnk.
fJE/ nk e/ ;okGk B/ gowkBzd MK;h,
fBXkB f;zx u[xk, gzvs irs okw, fgqEh
f;zx, pzsk f;zx ;zxtkb, o{V f;zx u{jVue,
gzvs eK;h okw, ftF~ rD/F fgzrb/ j'oK
Bkb ob e/ fJe ew/Nh pDkJh feT[fI e
|do gkoNh d/ f;oeZY nkr{ ;'jD f;zx
GeBk s/ e/;o f;zx mZmrVQ, ijk}'I T[sod/
jh cV bJ/ rJ/ ;B. gkoNh B/ \"iK ftu
nFKsh dh nZr GVekT[D bJh toeoK
dhnK fvT{NhnK bkJhnK i' fJ; gqeko
;B L
1) eosko f;zx ;okGk, f\o'}g[o
SkT[Dh.
2) ;qh fjod/, okw wzvh, ibzXo.
3) joBkw f;zx ej{Nk, oktb fgzvh.
4) fgnkok f;zx bzr/oh, pzB{ s/
e'jkN.
5) ftF~ rD/F fgzrb/, w/om.
;okGk ne;o 26 gzikph oiw?IN
ftu nkT[Idk ofjzdk ;h go T[; ~ ftF/F
eo e/ fszB pzd/ jh ikDd/ ;B L
1) joBkw f;zx ekbk ;zxk.
2) bK; BkfJe feogk f;zx.
62

3) c[zwD f;zx eb/o.

fJj fszB pzd/ jh ;okGk ~ fwbd/
s/ d/F nk}kd eokT[D dhnK ;ehwK s/
;'u ftuko eod/. wro'I fJj fszB/ rZbpks
dk ft;Eko pkeh f;gkjhnK ~ dZ; fdzd/
s/ d/F bJh bVB woB bJh T[BQK ~
fsnko eod/.
;okGk G/; pdbD ftu pVk u[;s
;h. ezw eodk T[j ed/ nZedk Bk
EZedk. oZp ikD/ T[j fejVh fwZNh dk
pfDnk j'fJnk ;h fe ezw dh brB ftu
T[j ykDk-ghDk th G[Zb iKdk. ed/ T[j
;\kJh eowukoh d/ G/; ftu MkV{ cV e/
nkT[d
I k. ed/ T[j vkehnk pDk iKdk
s/ ed/ T[j nBgVQ g/vI { dk G/; pDk
b?Idk. id'I nkw \"ih pkpk ih s'I ;okGk
pko/ g[ZSd/ fe fJj e"D J/< sK pkpk ih
efjzd/, @@fJj w/o/ wkw/ dk g[Zs Gok j? s/
w?~ fwbD nkfJnk j?.## T[; ;w/I jh
;okGk dh frq\skoh bJh ;oeko B/ 1000
o[fgnk s/ fJe w[oZpk fJBkw oZy fdsk.
fgS'I ik e/ fJj fJBkw 7000 o[gJ/ s/ 7
w[oZp/ j' frnk ;h.
fJ; rZb dk p{Nk f;zx iwKdko ~
gsk bZr frnk fe ;okGk pkpk ih e'b
ne;o nkT[d
I k iKdk j?. T[; B/ d' p'sb
Fokp s/ v/Y feb' pZeo/ dk wk; wzrk
oZfynk ;h s/ fit/I pkpk ih B/ nkgD/
fpnkB vkfJo?eNo nk\ nkoekJht} ~
d/D bJh fbykfJnk, T[j fJ; gqeko j? L
@@w?I iwKdko p{Nk f;zx e'b fJ; tk;s/
iKdk j[zdk ;h feT[Ife |do t/b/ nk]oh
e'mh dhnK ukphnK T[; e'b'I b?DhnK ;B
Bkb/ T[j w/o/ fgzv dk ;h. o'Nh t/b/ fi;
;w/I Fokp dk d"o uZfbnk sK T[; ;w/I
p{Nk f;zx iwKdko B/ rZbpks F[o{ ehsh
s/ fejk, @@eosko f;zx ;okGk s/ ftF~
rD/F fgzrb/ s[jkv/ e'b nkT[d
I / iKd/ jB,
i/ s{z T[BQK ~ cVtk d/, pVk fJBkw
fwb/rk. nkgDk 11 o[gJ/ dh B"eoh ftu
eh pDdk j?< ;oeko gk;'I 12,000 o[fgnk

fJBkw (7000 ;okGk s/ 5000 fgzrb/

bJh) s/ 7 w[oZp/ b? b?. nZr'I tk;s/
;oeko dh B"eoh ftu B/e Bkwh j?.
EkJ/I jh w?I w[Zeo frnk s/ fejk, @@w?~ sK
fJBQK dk gsk jh BjhI j?.##
iwKdko p{Nk f;zx B/ ;koh rZb
nzro/} w/io ekorb ~ ik dZ;h. T[j
r[Z;/ ftu b'jk bkyk j' frnk. T[; B/
pkpk ih ~ d\so ftu p[bkfJnk s/
fejk, @@7 w[oZp/ s/ 12,000 o[fgnk ;oeko
dT{ s/ fjzd[;skBh \"i dk n]hobk o?eI w?I
fdnKrk.## go pkpk ih NZ; s'I wZ; BjhI
j'J./
fJ; s'I pknd id ;okGk pkpk ih
~ fwfbnk sK pkpk ih B/ T[; ~ fejk,
@@s{z j[D ;kvh gbNB ftu Bk nkfJnk
eo. G/d y[ZbQD dk vo j?. n;hI s?~
Ffjo ftu fwb fbnk eoKr/.## Ffjo
ftu BthI EK fwbD bJh w[eoo j' rJh.
bzwhnK w[bkeksK j[zdhnK. fJBQK w[bkeksK
ftu d/F nk}kd eokT[D dhnK ;phbK
;'uhnK iKdhnK.
id fe;/ soQK th p{Nk f;zx s/ w/io
eorb dh dkb Bk rbah sK T[BQK B/
pkpk ih ~ s/ s/ik f;zx fgzv bj[e/ f}bQk
nzfwqs;o ~ fgzv G/i fdsk. T[; ;w/I
;okGk s/ T[; d/ ;kEhnK B/ ;bkj eoe/
|do dh skoh] 21 \otoh 1915 eo
fdsh. noiB f;zx y[yokD/ ~ ekbk
;zfxnk G/fink frnk fJj dZ;D bJh fe
|do dh fwsh 21 \otoh dh EK 19
\otoh eo fdsh j?. pkpk ih Mpd/ jh
f\o'}g[o tkg; nk rJ/. 10 \otoh
;t/o ~ iwKdko p{Nk f;zx B/ jk}oh
bkJh s/ nZm FZeh f;gkjhnK ~ po]k;s
eoe/ bkJhB' pkjo eo fdsk sK i' fJBQK
~ fgzv bJh rZvh uVQk fdsk ikt/. fJBQK
d/ BK fJ; gqeko jB L
1H c[zwD f;zx eb/o.
2H bK; BkfJe feogk f;zx.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

3H JhFo f;zx fgzv fbZXV.

4H bkG f;zx Bhbk uetkbhnk.
5H joBkw f;zx ekbk ;zxk.
6H wZxo f;zx f;nkbe'Nhnk.
7H bkG f;zx f;nkbe'Nhnk.
8H ][Fjkb f;zx.
T[;/ fdB d[gfjo ~ bK; BkfJe
feogk f;zx dh e'mh ftu feogk f;zx,
eosko f;zx ;okGk s/ nB'y f;zx i'
wor'I tkndk w[nk\ r[nkj pD frnk
;h, ewo/ ftu tkoskbkg eo oj/ ;B.
joBkw f;zx, ekbk ;zxk s/ s/ik f;zx
bj[e/ ~ gfjbK jh fgzv G/i fdsk frnk
;h. fJ; bJh T[j fJ; whfNzr ftu
jk}o BjhI ;B. rZbpks ub ojh ;h fe
nuBu/s feogk f;zx dh fBrkj pkjo g?
rJh. p{Nk f;zx iwKdko rkod bJh nk
fojk ;h. feogk f;zx B/ T[;/ t/b/ ;okGk
s/ nB'y f;zx ~ fejk fgSbh skeh EkDhI
pkjo fBeb ikU feT[fI e w?~ BjhI gsk
fe rkod feT[I nk ojh j?. ;okGk s/
nB'y y/sK dhnK tZNK #s/ g? e/ B}o'I
T[jb/ j' rJ/. iwKdko p{Nk f;zx B/
nkT[d
I / jh feogk f;zx ~ fejk fe nkgDk
fp;sok r'b eoe/ xo ~ ub/ ik feT[fI e
s?~ \"i ftu'I pkoK gZEo eo fdsk frnk
j?. iwKdko, feogk f;zx ~ ;N/FB #s/
fbik e/ rZvh #s/ uVQk nkfJnk. ni/rkov
B/ Mzvh th BjhI ;h fdsh fe ;okGk B/
nkD e/ vZp/ nzdo p?m e/ feogk f;zx s/
c[zwD f;zx eb/o e'b'I g[ZfSnk, @@nZi 10
\otoh ;kvh n}wkfJF dh oks j?. oks
~ n;K nzro/}K ~ eZYD bJh jzGbk
wkoBk j?. s[jk~ \"i ftu'I pkoK gZEo eo
fdsk frnk j?. j[D |do eoB bJh
;kwkB feE'I nkt/rk<## fJj ;[D e/ feogk
s/ c[zwD f;zx d't/I p'b/, @@s[;hI uKdwkoh
tZb fB;us n;EkB #s/ ub' n;hI nrb/
;N/FB #s/ T[so e/ gj[zu/ fe gj[zu./ ##
19 skohe oks ~ uzd dhnK ;[zdo
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

foFwK c[ZbK ns/ gZfsnK #s/ B{o dh \[jko

eo ojhnK ;B. d{o-d{o s'I gotkB/
fBFus n;EkB #s/ g[iZ rJ/ sK i' nk}kdh
dh FwQK s'I nkgk tko ikD. fJ; ;w/I ;zs
oDXho f;zx th nkgD/ iZE/ ;w/s g[Zi/ j'J/
;B. oks d/ 9 ti/ eosko f;zx ;okGk
dh ewkB j/m GkJh rKXk f;zx euoGB,
JhFo f;zx Y[Zvhe/, GkJh T[`sw f;zx jK;
s/ GkJh oDXho f;zx d/ iZE/ d/ nkdwh
uKdwkoh d/ w?dkB ftu fJeZm/ j'J/.
;okGk s/ feogk f;zx ~ i' c[zwD f;zx
eb/o d/ Bkb T[`so e/ tkg; nk frnk
;h, fejk fe T[j pkoe ftu ik e/ ;kok
gsk fbnkJ/. feogk f;zx pkoeK ftu
frnk go T[E/ T[j frq\sko eo fbnk
frnk, fJ; d'F ftu fe id T[; ~ pkoK
gZEo eo fdsk frnk ;h, j[D eh b?D
nkfJnk j?<
T[; fdB j' ;edk ;h fe |do
;cb j' iKdk s/ d/F Grs r'fonK ~
eZYD ftu ;cb j' iKd/ go n\;';
r'fonK ~ ;{j bZr rJh feT[Ife |dko
feogkb f;zx B/ nzro/}K ~ T[;/ ;w/I fdB
Fkw ~ uko ti/ ]podko eo fdsk ;h
fe nZi oks ~ Gkos dhnK ;kohnK
SkT[DhnK ftu |do j' fojk j?. s[;hI
nkgDk gqpzX eo bU. r'fonK B/ sZN
cZN gqpzX ehsk s/ Gkosh \"ihnK dh
fBrokBh F[o{ eo fdsh. f\o'}g[o ftu jh
23t/I o;kb/ s/ 26thI gzikph dh fBrokBh
j'D bZr gJh.
fwE/ j'J/ ;w/I #s/ ;okGk, GkJh oDXho
f;zx s/ d{i/ ;kEh id o/b dh bhj
e'b g[Zi/ sK T[BQK B/ ;ko/ o;kb/ ~ fBjZE/
nzro/}h \"i d/ gfjo/ j/m bkJhB pZXh
yVQ/ t/fynk sK T[BQK dhnK ;kohnK ;ehwK
fwZNh ftu fwb rJhnK. nk}kdh d/
gotkfBnK s/ gq/w F?dkJhnK dhnK nk;K
#s/ rVQ/ wko g? rJ/.
fJ; soQK r'o/ ;kwokihnK B/, |dkoK
dh wdd Bkb p|kts dh nZr ~ Gpkek

pDB s'I gfjbK jh p[Mk fdsk. j[D

rdkoK dh rdkoh ;dek ;yshnK dk g[mZ k
r/V ukb{ j' frnk s/ ;w[Zu/ Gkos ftu
nk}kdh d/ gotkfBnK dh cV' cVkJh j'D
bZr gJh.

gz i kph o? i w? I N pko/ ndkbsh

fNZ g DhnK
fJj gbNB 1912-13-14 d"okB id'I
jKreKr ftu ;h sK 1914 dhnK rowhnK
d"okB r[od[nko/ ftu ftdo'jh gquko n?Bk
p/XVe j'D bZrk fe f;gkjhnK d/ UE/
ikD #s/ gkpzdh bkT[Dh gJh. go d'FhnkB
joBkw f;zx, feogk f;zx, c[zwD f;zx,
bkG f;zx s'I fJbktk ][Fjkb f;zx s/
tkndk wk\ s/ik f;zx nkgDhnK ftdo'jh
;orowhnK s'I pk} BjhI nkJ/, fi; bJh
fJBQK ~ i{B wjhB/ tkg; d/F ~ s'o
fdsk frnk.
gbNB dk vhg{ eoKuh s'I f\o'}g[o
pdb/ ikD T[gozs, id'I 1915 d/ F[o{ ftu
T[E/ bkN rtoBo dk d"ok ;h, sK e[ZM
FZeh nkdwh gbNB dhnK bkJhBK ftu
d/y/ rJ/. T[go ohg'N gj[zuD #s/ e?gNB
ekofrb B/ s\shF dk j[ew fdsk, s/
gsk uZfbnk fe eosko f;zx ;okGk UE/
d/fynk frnk fi; B/ e[M whfNzrK th
ehshnK, fiBQK ftu T[go dZ;/ ftnesh
Fkfwb j'J/ gkJ/ rJ/, ns/ joBkw f;zx
B/ fe;/ Bkb fJj th f}eo ehsk ;h fe
ek\h f;gkjh ftdo'j bJh fsnko jB.
f;ZN/ ti'I, T[go dZ;/ f;gkjhnK ~ B"eohT[I
poyk;s eoe/, o/bt/ ;N/FB #s/ fbik e/
rZvh ukVQ fdsk frnk ;h.
e?gNB ekofrb B/ fJ; rZb dk
y[bk;k th ehsk fe Gkt/I fe fJBQK gziK ~
eokuh vhg{ ftu poyk;s eoB ]kso jh
G/fink frnk ;h, go ioB?b ;kfjp dh
fJ; \?;b/ Bkb ;fjwsh Bk j'D eoe/
fJzi Bk ehsk ik ;fenk.
s/ik f;zx tkndk wk\ nB[;ko feogk
63

f;zx d[nkok j;gskb ftu whfNzr ehsh

rJh fi; ftu fgzrb/ s/ eosko f;zx th
jk}o ;B fiBQK pzp pDkT[D pko/ jdkfJsK
fdshnK s/ |do dhnK soheK pko/ fJsbkj
d/D dk tkndk ehsk.
;e{b ftfdnkoEh nB'y f;zx tkndk
wk\ i' eosko f;zx ;okGk dk ;fj:'rh
;h, B/ fpnkB ehsk fe T[j ;okGk Bkb
17-18 \otoh ~ f\o'}g[o frnk ;h ns/
o;s/ ftu T[; B/ (GkJh) oDXho f;zx ~
th fwb e/ fJj ikDekoh fdsh ;h fe
T[j f\o'}g[o SkT[Dh ftu e[M row
f]nkbh f;gkjhnK dk tke\ j? fijV/
jKreKr s'I tkg; nkJ/ jB. f\o'}g[o
gj[zu e/ T[j j;gskb feogk f;zx e'b
rJ/, fi; B/ bkG f;zx s/ c[zwD f;zx ~
p[bkfJnk ;h. T[BQK ~ nkgD/ nkT[D d/
we;d s'I ikD{ eotkfJnk frnk ns/
|do dh sohe 19 \otoh dZ; fdsh
rJh. bkG f;zx B/ n;bk]kB/ dhnK
ukphnK jk;b eoB dk Go';k fdsk s/
c[zwD f;zx B/ rkJhv eoB dk }[zwk
fbnk. T[BKQ ~ @|do# gou/ dhnK ekghnK
th tzvD ]kso fdshnK rJhnK. nrbh
;t/o Gkt 19 \otoh ~ n;K gziK
f;gkjhnK ~ ;N/FB #s/ rZvh uVQkJ/ iKfdnK
~ t/fynk s/ T[BQK ~ eosko f;zx tZb'I
okshI tkg; gos nkT[D dk ;[Bj/ k fdsk
frnk. okshI feogk f;zx gos e/ ;k~
;N/FB bkr/ fwfbnk s/ T[; ~ oks t/b/
pkjo'I nk oj/ |dohnK ~ gbNB dhnK
bkJhBK tZb ~ o;sk fdykT[D bJh nkfynk
frnk ;h.
fit/I fe n;hI gfjb/ (bkj"o ;k}F)
e/; ftu doi ehsk j?, eosko f;zx
bkj"o gkoNh e/d
I o s/ f\o'}g[o ;fEs
f;gkjhnK ftukb/ eVh ti'I ftuodk fojk
j?. fJ; ftu e'Jh FZe dh r[zikfJF BjhI
fe fJ; gbND d/ eJh f;gkjhnK ~
jKreKr fty/ torbkfJnk frnk ;h ns/
tkg; fjzd gj[zuD T[gozs T[BQK T[go 19
64

\otoh d/ ftdo'j ftu Fkfwb j'D dh

N/e oZy rJh j'Jh ;h.
(;g?Fb fNfpT{Bb d/ bkj"o ;k};
e/; ;gbhw?INoh L fw;b ndkbsh c?;bk
- gzB/ 63-65)
(b/ y e |do fJfsjk; ns/ eq K shekoh
;kfjs d/ T[`x/ y'ih jB.)
;\k 51 dh pkeh

\;bh-pdbkn eoB t/b/ fXnkB ftu

oZyDk }o{oh j? fe fJBQK \;bK dh
g?dktko w";wh ns/ S/sh jh yokp, rba;V ikD tkbh j[zdh j?. fJBQK s'I tZX bkG
b?D tk;s/ otkfJsh y/sh-gqpzXK Bkb'I tZyoh
soQK dhnK ekoi-BhshnK, g?dktko dh tZy
soQK dh ;zGkb ns/ gqpzX (T[gikT[D s'I
wzvh s/ ygseko se mzYh-eVh, mzY/ ;N'o,
mzYh jkbs ftu Y'n-Y[nkJh dh r[DtZsk
ekfJw oZyDk nkfd) fe;kBK ~ b'VhIdh
seBheh f;ybkJh s/ wkb ;jkfJsk ns/
fJBQK \;bK-fB;us bkj/td
z wzvheoB dhnK
;j{bsK g?dk eoBk pj[s }o{oh j?. fJ;
tk;s/ ;oekoh s/ |?o-;oekoh ndkfonK
~ ukjhdk j? fe fwb e/ fJBQK ;j{bsK ~
g?dk eoB.
;[fB;us \;bh-pdbkn dh ;cbsk
tk;s/ }o{osh j? fe pdbthnK \;bK
dhnK T[giK dh wzr th tZX j't/, T[ikV/
pj[s xNkJ/ ikD ns/ fe;kB dh nkwdB
ftu tkXk j't./ fJ; tk;s/ g/vI { fJbkfenK
ftu tZv/ gZXo #s/ T[d:'fre fJekJhnK dk
ft;Eko j'Dk ukjhdk j? sK i' \;bK s'I
T`u[ / bkG tkb/ gdkoE pDkJ/ ikD. \;bK
dh u'D T[d:'fre b'VK nB[e{b j'D Bkb
fJj eZu/ wkb dk ;'wk pDBrhnK s/
fe;kB ~ tZX w[Zb fwb/rk. g/vI { :[teK s/
ekfwnK ~ y/sh s'I fJbktk nkgD/ jh
fJbke/ ftu B"eohnK fwbDrhnK, \;bK
d/ T[ikV/ s/ w";wh pj[sks dh ;wZf;nk
xN/rh ns/ fe;kB s/ g/vI { b'eK dh
nkofEe jkbs ;[Xo/rh.

\;bh-pdbkn dh ;cbsk tk;s/

;G s'I }o{oh j? fe fe;kBK ~ \;bK d/
bkj/tzd Gkn fwbD. ;oeko ~ ukjhdk
j? fe T[j xZN'-xZN ;jkfJsk tkb/ w[Zb s/
wzvh d]b ;ehwK nzdo jo ;kb fB;us
ehs/ \;bK d/ Gkn Bk f;o\ eDe s/
M'B/ tk;s/ ;r'I j'o \;bK tk;s/ th
fe;kBK ~ fwbD/ :ehBh pDkJ/ ikD sK i'
pdbthnK \;bK s'I th fe;kBK ~ e[Zb
nkwdB eDe s/ M'B/ d/ w[ekpb/ ftu
;jh j't./
;[fB;us \;bh-pdbkn eoB tk;s/
tZy-tZy y/sh gqpXz K s/ seBheK ~ ngDkT[D
tk;s/ eJh soQK dhnK ikDekohnK ukjhdhnK
jB. fJ; tk;s/ b'V s/ tZy-tZy y/sh
ftfFnK d/ ftfrnkBh fwb e/ \;bh
pdbkn pko/ ;op-gZyh ikDekohnK nkXkos
seBheK eZYD s/ fe;kBK se gjz[ukT[D.
Bkb jh b'V j? tZy-tZy \;bK dhnK
fe;wK eZYD dh i' pj[s xZN gkDh, xZN
ykdK, xZN dtkJhnK s/ xZN T{oik Bkb
ns/ ibtk:{ ftu pdbkn dhnK jkbsK
ftu th T[`u T[sgkdB s/ T[`u bkG d/
;eD.
nkT[D tkb/ ;w/I ftu
@@fe;kB, ftfrnkB, T[d:'r,
:'iBk pDkT[D tkb/ s/ bkr{
eoB tkb/, wkbh ;jkfJsk,
wzvh ;jkfJsk, ygseko## ;zpzXK
Bkb ;oekoh s/ |?o-;oekoh
wdd, Fw{bhns Bkb jh
;[fB;us \;bh pdbkn
nkXkos T[`u y/sh T[sgkdB,
bkG ns/ fe;kB dh nkwdB
brksko tkX/ tZb ekfJw oZyD
tkbk fJe j'o jok-fJBebkp
g?dk ehsk ik ;e/rk.
(b/ye ;/tk-w[es fBod/Fe y'i, gzikp
y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;Nh, b[fXnkDk j?.)

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

rDszso fdt; #s/

pZfunK ftu d/F Grsh dh GktBk

vkH doFB f;zx @nkFN#

i'ek ;wki pj[s pdb frnk

j?. gZSw dh toswkB |?o;fGnkukoe ns/ B?fse edoK Bkb'I N[NZ h
j'Jh pj[gyZ h nt;Ek B/ Gkosh pkb-FqD
/ h
dh wkBf;esk B{z gqGkfts eoB dk :sB
ehsk j?. fJjh ekoB j? fe Gkos dh
BthI ghVQh nkgD/ p[fBnkdh ns/ T[;ko{
ihtB-w[b
Z K Bkb'I N[NZ dh ik ojh j?.
xo gfotko ftu i' ;z;eko fe;/
pZu/ Bz{ fwbd/ jB, tZvk j' e/ pZuk T[j'
fij/ ;z;ekoK dh BhIj #s/ jh s[odk j?.
pZfunK ftu d/F Grsh dk i}pk fet/I
g?dk ehsk ik ;edk j?< fJ; pko/, fit/I
;zes/ ehsk frnk j?, w[Y
Z b/ gqo/ e-;'w/
wksk-fgsk, xo gfotko iK nkgDk nkbkd[nkbk pDd// jB. wK nkgD/ pZu/ B{z
wjkB ;{ophoK, :'fXnK ns/ pjkdoK d/
ekoBkw/ ;[Dk e/ T[; d/ i}p/ B{z w}p{s
pDkT[d
I h j?. Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ftu T[BKQ
nkdoFe s/ pjkdo wksktK B{z nZi pV/
;fseko ;fjs :kd ehsk iKdk j? fiBQK B/
nkgD/ pZfunK d/ wBK ftu d/F Grsh dk
i}pk Gfonk ns/ T[BKQ B{z nkgDh e"w dh
;jh nrtkJh eoB tkb/ pjkdo ns/
;{opho pDkfJnk. fjzd[;skB d/ pjkdoK
ns/ :'fXnK dhnK ejkDhnK ns/ ;?fBeK
d/ i'Fhb/ rhs ;[DkT[D tkbh wksk ihik
pkJh B{z fJfsjk; fet/I G[bk ;edk j? fi;
dk pkbe tZvk j' e/ GftZy dk pho-:'Xk
pfDnk. wksk ihik pkJh fFtkih dh
iBDh j'D d/ Bkb-Bkb T[; nzdo pjkdoh
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

Gog{o i}pk GoB tkbh gqo/ e th ;h.

fFtkih B{z ;kj; ns/ fsnkr dh GktBk
Bkb Gog{o eoB tkbh fJ; wK B/ nkgD/
g[sZ o B{z nfij/ ;z;eko fdZs/ fiBQK ;dek
T[j tZvk j' e/ @Ssqgsh fFtkih wjkoki#
d/ o{g ftu Gkosh ;wki dk oZfyne ns/
r"ot pD e/ d{finK bJh fJe T[dkjoD
f;ZX j'fJnk.
Fjhd Grs f;zx tZb'I pugB ftu
@dw{yK phiD# dh xNBk dZ;dh j? fe fJ;
pkb d/ wB ftu nkgD/ d/ F dh
;/tk eoB dh GktBk fezBh gopb ;h.
d/F dh nyzvsk ns/ J/esk dh GktBk B{z
w}p{s eoB bJh nDyhb/ p'b p'bD/
nzro/} ;kwoki B{z dzr eoB tkbh rZb
jh sK ;h. d/F Grsh d/ i}p/ dh r[VsQ h
b? e/ fe;/ pkbe dk y/vD dh T[wo/
nkgDh e"w s/ w[be bJh jo gqeko dh
e[opkBh bJh ssgo ofjDk fe;/ nuzG/ s'I
xZN BjhI. i/eo fJe S'Nk fijk pkbe
nkgD/ dkdk pdB f;zx s'I nkgD/ w[be
#s/ ekp} nzro/}K d/ }[bwK, r[bkwh ns/
tXhehnK pko/ Bk ikDdk sK T[; dk ]{B
BjhI ;h y"bDk s/ T[j nZi dk wjkB
Fjhd @eosko f;zx ;okGk# Bk pDdk.
Fjhd wdB bkb YhIrok, pkpk ;'jD
f;zx GeBk, ;[yd/t, okir[o{, T{Xw f;zx
tor/ d/F GrsK B{z pugB ftu fijVh
r[VsQ h fwbh ;h, T[; B/ d/F dh r[bkwh
dhnK iI z}hoK s'VB ftu f}eo:'r G{fwek
fBGkJh.

d/F Grsh dh GktBk pZfunK B{z

fJj rZb jw/Fk fdqVQ eokT[d
I h j? fe T[BKQ
d/ nkgD/ tsB bJh nfjw eosZt j[zd/
jB. B?fse edoK ehwsK ftu fJj rZb
pVk w[b
Z oZydh j? fe fe;/ pZu/ dh
gotfoF fet/I s/ fejV/ jZEK ftu j[zdh j?<
id'I e'Jh pZuk pugB ftu jh u'o,
ngokXh, i[nkoh, fjz;e, tZfvnK dk fBokdo
eoB tkbk iK BF/Vh pDdk j?, sK fJ;
bJh nkw s"o s/ T[; pZu/ d/ wkfgnK iK
jkbksK B{z jh f}zwt/ ko mfjokfJnk iKdk
j?. nZi n;hI d/F Grsh dh nfjwhns
ns/ d/F GrsK dk ;fseko eoBk G[b
Z d/
ik oj/ jK. fJj th G[b
Z iKd/ jK fe nZi
n;hI feBQK wjkB F];hnsK dhnK e[opkBhnK
;dek nk}kd fc}k ftu ;kj b? oj/ jK.
Gkos dk FkBkwZsk fJfsjk; rZb
rZb dh rtkjh fdzdk j? fe fijV/ pZu/
S'Nh T[wo ftu jh d/F Grsh d/ ozr
ftu ozr/ iKd/ jB, T[BKQ bJh nkgDk
d/F ns/ izwD G'fJz jh ;G e[M j[zdk j?.
T[j ed/ th w[;hpsK s'I vo e/ f}zdrh dh
Ghy BjhI wzrd/. fiT[I fiT[I T[j j'o tZv/
j[zd/ iKd/ jB, fsT[I fsT[I j'o db/o
wkBf;esk tkb/ pDd/ iKd/ jB ns/
nkgD/ wksk fgsk ns/ j'o ;e/ ;zpzXhnK
B{z pV/ db/okBk ns/ soegoe Yzr Bkb
dZ;d/ jB fe T[j i' e[M eo oj/ jB,
mhe eo oj/ jB, fJ; bJh xpokT[D dh
}o{os BjhI j?. gzikph d/ FkfJo fJzdo
f;zx w;ehB B/ d/F Grsh dh GktBk
65

Bkb Usg's nkgDh fJe eftsk fw;No

joh feFB s/ T[; dh wK d/ ;tkb itkp
ftu nfijhnK jh GktBktK T[ikro ehshnK
jB. fJZE/ fJ; eftsk dk fJe pzd Bw{B/
ti'I d/Dk Y[eZ tK j'tr
/ k L
wK L
iKdh tkoh pZuk t/ bZrh ;hB/ d/ Bkb.
pZuk feT[I fJE/ N[o nkfJnk
feT[I fJ; #s/ ckfJo ubkfJnk
feT[I wK sZsh ~ skfJnk
ehsk wzdVk jh jkb,
bZrh ;hB/ d/ Bkb.
joh feFB L
s{z ;[D w/oh wks fgnkoh
fizd ikDh nzs ~ wkoh
uzr/ Gkr tsB s'I tkoh
ifrnk ;[zdo uokr,
wksk w/oh fgnkohJ/
s/o/ uzr/ B/ Gkr.
wks G{wh gqfs pbhdkB d/D tkb/
nfij/ pZfunK dhnK ejkDhnK Bkb ;kvk
fJfsjk; Gfonk fgnk j?. i[r
Z K i[r
Z K se
:kd oZyh ikD tkbh fJe nfijh jh
xNBk dk ;zpzX nepo pkdFkj Bkb
i[fVnk j'fJnk j?. fJe tkoh nepo B/
nkgDh ftFkb c"i b? e/ fus"V #s/ jwbk
eo fdZsk. fus"V d/ okDk T[d? f;zx dk
;?Bkgsh i?wb jwb/ dk ;kjwDk eo fojk
;h. w[rbK B/ T[; B{z nkgDh r'bh dk
fBFkBk pDk fbnk. fus"V dh oZfynk
eoB bJh fe;/ tZvh T[wo d/ ftnesh
tZb'I fJedw nZr/ Bk nkfJnk t/y e/ fJe
;'bKQ e[ ;kbK dk bVek nZr/ yVQk j'fJnk.
T[; B/ :[XZ y/so ftu ikD s'I gfjbK
nkgDh wK s'I nkfrnk wzrh. nkgD/ g[sZ o
dk nfijk j";bk t/y e/ wK Gbk fet/I
fgS/ ofj ;edh ;h< T[j nkgDh p/Nh B{z
66

b? e/ y[d th :[XZ y/so ftu ik g[iZ h. T[;

B{z nkgDh Xh ns/ p/N/ Bkb :[XZ y/so
ftu vNh t/y e/ ;?Bk dk i'F fco T[pkb/
ykD bZr fgnk. fJ; gfotko dh thosk
t/y e/ w[|b ;?Bk j?okB ;h go w[|bK B/
fJ; gfotko B{z x/o fbnk. id'I d[gfjo
se bVfdnK bVfdnK g[sZ o B/ t/fynk fe
T[; dh G?D Fjhd j' u[eZ h j? ns/ wK
i]wh j' e/ sVc ojh j? sK T[j wK e'b
nkfJnk. wK B/ T[; B{z fJedw fejk,
@g[sZ o, s{z ik e/ wks-G{wh dh oZfynk eo.
fgZS/ Bk jNhI. i/ gqkD th ub/ ikD sK
;kB{z ;[or ftu nk e/ fwbDk.#
wK d/ fJj p'b ;[D e/ g[sZ o d[r
Z D/
T[sFkj Bkb bfVnk ns/ d[FwDK Bkb
fGVdk j'fJnk jZ;dk-jZ;dk nkgDh e"w s'I
Fjhd j' frnk.
Gkosh fJfsjk; ftu d/F Grsh
Bkb i[V/ j'J/ pj[s ;ko/ nfij/ gq;zr th
fwbd/ jB fiBQK okjhI pkb T[wo/ jh
pZfunK B{z d/F gqfs eosZt dh GktBk dk
gsk uZbdk j?. nk}kdh gqkgs eoB bJh
T[BKQ d/ wB ftu fJzBh FeshFkbh GktBk
;h fe T[j nzro/} ;oeko Bkb NZeo
b?D bJh fgSKj Bk jN/ ns/ jZ;fdnKjZ;fdnK \K;h d/ oZ;/ #s/ M{b rJ/. ;zeN
dh xVh ftu th jk;/ mZm/ tkbk wkj"b
pDkJhI oZfynk. fJe T[dkjoD j?. pzrkb
d/ d/F Grs y[dh okw p'; B{z id'I \K;h
dh ;}k ;[Dk e/ i/bQ ftu pzd eo fdZsk
frnk sK jw/Fk j";b/ ftu ofjD tkbk
y[dh okw p'; fpbe[b Bk xkpfonk.
\K;h s'I gfjbK fJe eq'Xh s/ nkeV]kB
nzro/} i/boQ B/ T[; B{z nzp fbnk e/
ykD bJh fdZs./ y[dh okw B{z w}ke
;[fZ Mnk. nzp yk e/ T[; B/ fSbfenK ftu
w{zj Bkb jtk Go e/ w[V T[;/ EK s/ oZy
fdZs./ fJj ezw fJzB/ ;bhe/ Bkb ehsk fe
fe;/ B{z th G'ok FZe BjhI ;h g?d
I k. i/boQ
nkfJnk. T[; B/ y[dh okw p'; B{z g[fZ Snk,
@nzp BjhI ykX/<#

@BjhI tkfg; b? ikT[# y[dh okw p';

B/ fejk.
@UHe/H.# efj e/ id'I i/boQ nzp u[eZ D
bZrk sK jZE #u b?fI dnK jh nzpK d/
fSZbV fgue rJ/. y[dh okw mjkek wko
e/ jZ; fgnk. i/boQ fBw'M{Dk j' frnk.
i/eo nZi n;hI Gkos dh nk}kd
fc}k ftu ;kj b? oj/ jK sK fJ; ftu
T[BKQ wjkB pZfunK dk :'rdkB th nfjw
j? fiBQK B/ nkgDh e"w s'I jZ; e/ nkgDh
ikB tkoB ftu jh ;[yZ wfj;{; ehsk.
n?tI/ s/ BjhI fbfynk frnk L
;/tk d/F dh fizdVhJ/ pVh n"yh,
rZbK eoBhnK Y/o ;[yb
Z hnK B/.
fiBQK d/F ;/tk ftu g?o gkfJnk,
T[BKQ bZy w[;hpsK MZbhnK B/.
toswkB ;w/I dh tZvh }o{os fJj
j? fe n;hI nkgD/ pZfunK B{z fJB;kBh
edoK ehwsK s'I ikD{z eotkJhJ/, d/F
GrsK dhnK ihtBhnK s/ nkXkfos ;e{bh
;N/iK s/ e'ohUrqkcah ns/ BkNeK dk wzuD
eotkJhJ/, Xow fBogZysk ns/ d/F Grsh
ns/ ;KMhtkbsk d/ ;[Bj/ / B{z j'o wip{s
eohJ/ sK i' BfFnK dh dbdb ftu
roedh ik ojh BthI ghVQh B{z pkjo
eZfYnk ik ;e/ ns/ d/F B{z dog/F
u[Bs" hnK ns/ ;zeNK dk vZN e/ ;kjwDk
ehsk ik ;e/. nfijk eoBk ;kv/ wjkB
FjhdK B{z ;Zuh FoXKibh j'tr
/ h.
(b/ye ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)
e-mail :dsaasht@yahoo.co.in

ftuko
fgsk dk \o} j? fe T[j nkgD/ g[Zso
~ gfjbh gzrsh #u p?mD i'rk pDk
d/t/.
(fso{tbk;to)
pZuk ;ko/ ;wki dh ;zgsh j?.
(okfpzdo BkE N?r'o)
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

f;js phwk
okFNoh f;js phwk :'iBk
- nfBb ;to{g

d/

F d/ rohp ftnesh se f;js

phw/ dk bkG gj[zukT[D d/ wzst
Bkb ;kb 2008 ftu okFNoh f;js phwk
:'iBk F[o{ ehsh rJh ;h. 30 ;szpo
2012 se fJ; :'iBk d/ sfjs ;tk fszB
eo'V ekov tzv/ ik u[Ze/ jB, fi; Bkb
brGr 11 eo'V ftneshnK ~ f;js
phw/ dh ;j{bs fdsh rJh j?. fJ;
:'iBk ftu p|?o fe;/ Brd ndkfJrh
ns/ d;skt/}K d/ gkodoFh sohe/ Bkb
b'eK ~ f;js phwk j/m eto fdsk ik
fojk j?. :'iBk dh fJ;/ gkodoFsk ekoB
d/F ns/ ftd/F ftu fJ; dh gqFz;k ehsh
ik ojh j?. d[BhnK Go ftu ;wkfie
;[oZfynk dk bkG gj[zukT[D d/ T[dF/ bJh
;z:[es okFNo ftek; gq'rokw ns/
nzsookFNoh w}d{o ;zrmB B/ i' tZvhnK
18 :'iBktK F[o{ ehshnK jB, T[BQK bJh
fJ; ;ehw dh th u'D ehsh rJh j?.
gfjbh ngqb
? 2008 ~ fJ; :'iBk
dh d' f}fbQnK ftu ;kXkoB fijh F[o{nks
ehsh rJh ;h. 31 wkou 2012 ~ fJ;
:'iBk d/ uko ;kb g{o/ j' u[Ze/ jB. j[D
fJj :'iBk 26 okiK$e/Ido Fk;s gqd/FK
d/ 430 s'I tZX f}fbQnK ftu uZb ojh j?.
330 f}fbQnK ftu fJ; :'iBk B/ fJe
;kb g{ok eo fbnk j?. 210 f}fbQnK
ftu fJ; :'iBk d/ d' ;kb ns/ 50
f}fbQnK ftu fszB ;kb g{o/ j' u[Ze/ jB.
fiBQK f}fbQnK ftu fJj :'iBk fgSb/ fszB
;kbK s'I uZb ojh j?, T[BKQ ftu fJe pj[s
jh fdbu;g rZb ;kjwD/ nkJh j?. fJ;
:'iBk dk bkG b?D tkbhnK n"osK dh
frDsh 40 gqfsFs s'I tX e/ 48 gqfsFs
se gj[zu rJh j?.
fJ; :'iBk dh tXdh jowBfgnkosk
d/ f;ZN/ ti'I, fJ; dk bkG b?D tkb/
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

ftneshnK dh e[Zb frDsh ftu th tkXk

j'fJnk j?. fszB ;kb g{o/ eoB tkb/ 50
f}fbQnK ftu bkGgkso gfotkoK dh frDsh
ftu th brksko tkXk j' fojk j?. T[BQK
dh frDsh 59 bZy 83 j}ko 568 s'I tX
e/ 1 eo'V 31 bZy 77 j}ko 131 j'
rJh j?. fJ; ftu nfjw rZb fJj j?
fe fJBQK 50 f}fbQnK ftu bkGgkso
n"osK dh frDsh fgSb/ d' ;kbK ftu
165H2 gqfsFs tXh j? id fe bkG gkso
g[oFK dh frDsh ftu 90H7 gqfsFs dk
tkXk j'fJnk j?. fgSb/ d' ;kbK ftu
bkGgksoh n"osK dh frDsh ftu i' j?okBhiBe tkXk j'fJnk j?, T[; d/ w[Zy ekoB
gfjb/ ;kb ftu n"osK ~ j;gskbK s'I
fwbD tkb/ bkG, ikro{esk ftu tkXk ns/
vkNkp/; gqDkbh ftu ;[Xko Fkfwb j?.
j;gskb ftu f;js ;/tktK dk bkG
b?D tkfbnK dh frDsh ftu th tkXk
j'fJnk j?. i/eo j;gskb ftu Gosh
j'D d/ fdqFNhe'D Bkb d/fynk ikt/ sK
fszB ;kb g{o/ j'D tkb/ 50 f}fbQnK ftu
n"osK dk j;gskb Gosh nB[gks gfjb/
;kb d/ 4H58 gqfsFs s'I tX e/ shi/ ;kb
ftu 6H68 gqfsFs j' frnk j?. (j;gskb
Gosh nB[gks dh frDsh fe;/ fJe
;kb ftu j;gskb ftu GoshnK dh
frDsh ns/ e[Zb bkGgksoK dh frDsh d/
nB[gks Bkb ehsh iKdh j?.) bkGgksoK
dh ofi;No/FB tKr j;gskb Gosh frDsh
ftu th tkXk j'fJnk j?. fJ; dh fdbu;g
rZb fJj j? fe :'iBk d/ sfjs bkG b?D
tkbhnK n"osK dh frDsh ftu ek\h tkXk
j'fJnk j?. jkbKfe bkGgksohnK dh e[Zb
frDsh ftu n"osK d/ w[ekpb/ g[oFK dh
frDsh tZX j?. d{i/ gk;/, j;gskb Gosh
dk bkG b?D tkbhnK n"osK dh ;zfynk
g[oFK d/ w[ekpb/ tZX j?. gzikj f}fbQnK
ftu fgSb/ d' ;kbK ftu fiE/ j;gskb
Gosh ;/tktK dk bkG b?D tkbhnK n"osK
dh frDsh ftu 286H8 gqfsFs dk tkXk
j'fJnk j?, T[E/ jh wodK dh frDsh ftu

140 gqfsFs dk tkXk j'fJnk j?.

fJj fJ; :'iBk d/ gfjb/ r/V d/
Bshi/ jB i' fe pj[s T[sFkjs eoB
tkb/ jB. fJj rZb ;k\ j[zdh j? fe
rohp ftensh bJh th j;gskb ;/tktK
dh T[gbpXsk tXh j?. ftF/F s"o s/
n"osK B/ fJ; :'iBk dk tX/o/ bkG fbnk
j?. fJ; :'iBk d/ f;ZN/ ti'I tZvh frDsh
ftu b'eK dhnK ehwsh ikBK pukJhnK ik
;ehnK jB. f;js ;j{bsK dh xkN
ekoB rohp n"osK gfjbK u[Zgukg eFN
;fj iKdhnK ;B. go j[D T[j nkgD/
fJbki bJh fe;/ th ;{uhpZX ;oekoh ns/
|?o ;oekoh f;js e/Ido #u ik ;edhnK
jB. j;gskbK ftu T[BQK dk ;tkrs
ehsk iKdk j? feT[Ife T[BQK d/ ;wkoN
ekov ftu 30 j}ko o[gJ/ se d/ fJbki
bJh nkofEe ;jkfJsk dk gqpzX j?. fiBQK
okiK ftu okFNoh f;js phwk :'iBk d/
sfjs n"osK dh ofi;No/FB tXkT[D ns/
j;gskbK ftu w"i{d f;js ;/tktK dk
bkG b?D bJh n"osK ~ T[sFkjs eoBk
gqFz;k :'r ezw j?, T[BQK ~ ;BwkBs eoB
bJh ntkov th F[o{ ehsk frnk j?. ;kb
2011 ftu ntkov Mkoyzv oki ns/
2012 ftu r[ioks ~ fwfbnk j?.
okFNoh f;js phwk :'iBk d/ sfjs
fe; soQK n"osK ~ r[Dkswe f;js
;/tktK w[jZJhnk eotkJhnK ik ;edhnK
jB, fJ; dk nzdk}k brkT[D bJh GkosiowB ;wkfie ;[oZfynk gq'rokw okjhI
wkou-ngqb
? 2012 ftu ftF/F ;ot/yD
eokfJnk frnk. jfonkDk d/ gbtb ns/
gkDhgs f}fbQnK ftu fJ; :'iBk dhnK
bkGgksoh n"osK ns/ |?o bkGgkosh n"osK
d/ ftuko ikDB tk;s/ 10 ;w{je uouk
gq'rokw ehs/ rJ/. fJ; :'iBk d/ gqGkt
~ ikDB bJh okFNoh f;js phwk :'iBk
d/ vkNkp/; s'I gqkgs j'J/ nzefVnK dk
fJ;s/wkb ehsk frnk.
- ghHnkJhHphH
67

]poK ftu'I ]poK

;hBhno BkrfoeK bJh :'iBktK
ns/ ;j{ b sK
ftFt Go ftu p}[orK dh iB;zfynk
pj[s s/}h Bkb tX ojh j?. ;z:[es
okFNo d/ nB[wkB w[skfpe ;kb 2025
se 60 ;kb ns/ fJ; s'I tZX T[go tkb/
b'eK dh frDsh 1H20 nop j' ikt/rh s/
;kb 2050 se 2 nop j' ikt/rh. nZi
p}[or b'eK dk 2$3 fjZ;k ftek;Fhb
d/FK ftu ofj fojk j?. 2001 dh
iBrDBk w[skfpe Gkos ftu 60 ;kb
dh T[wo s'I T[go tkb/ 7 eo'V 70 bZy
b'e jB i' d/F dh e[Zb iB;zfynk dk
7H5 gqfsFs fjZ;k jB. ;kb 2026 se
fJj tX e/ 12H4 gqfsFs j'D dh ;zGktBk
j?. fJ; bJh p}[orK bJh ]k; gq'rokw
ns/ :'iBktK fsnko eoB bJh eJh
u[Bs" hnK nkT[DrhnK.
;wkfie fBnK ns/ FesheoB wzsokbk
B/ iBtoh, 1999 ftu p}[orK bJh fJe
okFNoh Bhsh dk n?bkB ehsk ;h. fJ;
Bhsh ftu p}[orK bJh ftZsh ns/ y[oke
;[oZfynk, f;js d/yGkb ns/ ofjD dh
b'V ~ :ehBh pDkT[D d/ Bkb j'o b'VK
tZb th fXnkB fdsk frnk ;h. d/F ftu
iB;zfynk gqDkbh, ;wkfie nkofEe ;fEshnK
ns/ seBheh pdbkn ~ w[Zy oZyfdnK
j'fJnK ;oeko fJe BthI okFNoh Bhsh
fbnkT[D dh gqfefonk ubk ojh j?. fJ;
dk yoVk fsnko ehsk frnk j?. ;wkfie
fBnK ns/ FesheoB wzsoh dh gqXkBrh
j/m p}[orK bJh okFNoh p}[or Bhsh ~
bkr{ eoB dh fBrokBh bJh ns/ ;oeko
~ p}[orK bJh fJe okFNoh p}[or
gfoFd okjhI Bhsh ns/ gq'rokwK ~ fsnko
eoB ns/ T[BQK ~ bkr{ eoB bJh ;[Mkn
d/D bJh fJe ;z;Ekrs gqDkbh ;Ekgs
ehsh rJh j?. gfjbh tko 1999 ftu 5
;kbK bJh fJj gfoFd ;Ekgs ehsh rJh
68

;h. fJ; s'I pknd 2005 ftu nrb/ gzi

;kbK bJh fJ; dk j'o rmB ehsk
frnk. gfoFd dh pDso f}nkdk ftnkge
BjhI ;h. fJ; bJh d[pkok g[Bo rmB
eoe/ fJ; dk BK okFNoh p}[or Bkrfoe
gfoFd oZfynk frnk. fJ; d/ gqGkt dk
fJe wsk 22 \otoh, 2011 ftu gqekfFs
ehsk frnk.
;z;d tb'I d;zpo, 2007 ftu wK,
pkg ns/ ;hBhno Bkrfoe r[}kok GZsk
ns/ GbkJh ek~B bkr{ eoBk fJe
fJfsjk;e pdbkn ;h. fJ; ek~B j/m
wK-pkg ns/ ;hBhno BkrfoeK dk pZfunK
tb'I d/yGkb eoBk }o{oh pDk fdsk frnk
;h. fiE/ e'Jh pZuk BjhI j? T[E/ fBnK
nfXekohnK tb'I foFs/dkoK okjhI fJ; ~
g{ok ehsk ikDk ;h. fJj ek~B izw{eFwho oki ftu bkr{ BjhI j?. fJ;
ek~B dhnK tZy-tZy ftt;EktK ~ gqGkth
bkr{ eoB bJh okiK ns/ e/Ido Fk;s
gqdF/ K ftu ek~B pDkT[D, d/yGkb nfXekoh
fB:[es eoB ns/ r[}kok ns/ nghbh
fNqfpT{Bb rmB eoB tor/ eJh edw
T[mkT[D dh b'V j?. 14 okiK ns/ e/d
I o
Fk;s gqd/FK bJh fJ; fdFk tZb b'VhId/
edw u[Ze/ rJ/ jB.
;wkfie fBnK ns/ FesheoB wzsokbk
B/ 1992 ftu p}[orK d/ ihtB ftu
r[DtZsk ;[XkoB bJh ;kb 1992 s'I
p}[or ftneshnK bJh ;zrfms gq'rokw
F[o{ ehsk ;h. fJ; gq'rokw j/m ofjD
bJh SZs, G'iB, fufes;k ns/ wB'oziB
;j{bsK T[gbpX eotkJhnK iKdhnK jB.
fJ; ek~B j/m fpoX nkFow, nbwkJh}o
phwkoh, gkrbgD Bkb rq;s ftneshnK
bJh fdt; d/yGkb e/d
I o, ubdh fcodh
fufes;k fJekJh, p}[or ftneshnK bJh
fcf}UEo?gh ebhfBe ns/ ;e{b ns/ ekbiK
ftu pZfunK bJh ;zt/dBFhb gq'rokw ns/

y/soh t;hb/ ns/ f;ybkJh e/IdoK dh

;EkgBk eoB ns/ T[BQK ~ ubkT[D bJh
;oekoh, |?o-;oekoh ;zrmBK, gzukfJsh
oki ;z;EktK ns/ ;EkBe ;zrmBK ~ 90
gqfsFs se ftZsh ;jkfJsk T[gbpX eotkJh
iKdh j?. brGr 550 :'iBktK ~ ubkT[D
ns/ T[BQK dk oy-oykn eoB bJh 350
|?o-;oekoh ;zrmBK ~ jo/e ;kb ;jkfJsk
gqdkB ehsh iKdh j?.
;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB tkfbnK dh
tXdh j'Jh wzr ~ g{ok eoB bJh
okFNoh ;wkfie ;[oZfynk ;z;EkB j? i'
;wkfie fBnK ns/ FesheoB wzsokbk
j/m ;[szso ndkok j?. p}[or ftneshnK
dh d/yGkb bJh fJe ;kb, 6 wjhB/ ns/
fJe wjhB/ d/ e'o; F[o{ eo fojk j?.
fJ; d/ fJbktk ;z;EkB d/yGkb eoB
tkfbnK bJh S'N/ f;ybkJh gqr
' okw nk:'fis
eoB bJh wFj{o ;z;EkBK Bkb ;fj:'r
eo fojk j?.
wzsokfbnK dhnK BhshnK
ns/ gq'rokwK ~ gqGkth o{g
Bkb bkr{ eoB ns/ n?B
nkJh n?; vh dhnK rshftXhnK
~ tXkT[D bJh wzsokbk w"i{dk
;w/I ftu 3 y/soh ;o's e/IdoK
~ ;jkfJsk gqdkB eodk j?
fiBQK ftu nB[rqfj BthI fdZbh,
BkJhfNzr/b w?vheb
NoZ;N pzrb"o ns/ ;zrfms
rqkwhD ftek; ns/ ftfdne
;zrmB Fkfwb jB.
e/Idoh wzsokbk ns/ ftGkrK ns/
oki ;oekoK d/ B[wkfJzd/ ns/ j'o eJh
GkrhdkoK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb p}[orK bJh
ikro{e ;wki dh ;EkgBk eoBk nZi ;w/
I dh b'V j?.
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

okFNogsh tb'I y[oke s/ ihftek

;[ o Z f ynk bJh fNekT{ y/ s hpkVh
dh b'V #s/ }'o
okFNogsh Fqh gqDp w[yoih B/ d/F
nzdo y[oke s/ ihftek ;[oZfynk bJh
fNekT{ y/shpkVh dh b'V #s/ }'o fdsk j?.
gzikp y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;Nh, b[fXnkDk d/
r'bvB i[pbh ;wkrw ;zpzXh fJ; ftF/
T[s/ eotkJh rJh fJe nzsookFNoh ekBcoz;
dk T[dxkNB eoB w"e/ #s/ p'bfdnK
okFNogsh B/ fejk fe id th joh eqKsh
dh rZb j[zdh j? sK gzikp y/shpkVh
:{Bhtof;Nh dk BK fbnk iKdk j?. T[BQK
fejk fe gzikp y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;Nh d/
y/sh ftfrnkBhnK dh fwjBs ;dek d/F
Bk f;o\ nkgDh }o{os bJh nBki g?dk
eodk j? ;r'I Gkos nZi pkjob/ d/FK ~
th nBki pokwd eo fojk j?.
Fqh w[yoih B/ fejk fe e/d
I o ;oeko
B/ T[gikfJesk tXkT[D ns/ y/shpkVh ftu
fGzBsk fbnkT[D bJh fJe uko fXoh
oDBhsh T[bheh j?. fJ; ftu T[`so-g{oph
y/soK ftu joh eqKsh d/ bkG gj[zukT[D,
Y'-Y[nkJh s/ r'dkwK ftu nBki dh
yokph ~ xNkT[Dk, fe;kBK bJh eo}k s/
wzvheoB ;j{bsK tXkT[Dk s/ fdjksh
fJbkfenK ftu c{v gq;' f? ;zr ;ZBnsK ekfJw
eoBk Fkfwb j?. T[BQK dZf;nk fe fJ;
\;bh toQ/ d/F Go ftu 25 eo'V 74
bZy NB nBki dh foekov g?dktko j'Jh
j? s/ d/F nzdo ;oekoh fBZih GkJhtkbh
sfjs 20 bZy NB nBki GzvkoB dh tkX{
;woZEk g?dk ehsh ik ojh j?.
Fqh w[yoih B/ y/sh dh ftek; do
w"i{dk 2H8 ~ j'o tXkT[D dh b'V #s/ }'o
fdzfdnK fejk fe fJ; ezw bJh e/Ido s/
;{pk ;oekoK tb'I tX/o/ skbw/b Bkb
ekoro T[gokb/ eoB dh b'V j?. okFNogsh
B/ fejk fe 12thI gzi ;kbk :'iBk d"okB
e/Ido ;oeko tb'I y/shpkVh T[go oewK
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

}whB s'I }whB se wko eoB

tkbh fgqEth-2 fw}kfJb dk ;cb
gq h yD
Gkos B/ d/F ftu jh fte;s ehsh
rJh }whB s'I }whB se wko eoB tkbh
fgqEth-2 fw}kfJb dk 20 d;zpo, 2012
~ T[Vh;k d/ uKdhg[o ftu ;cb gqhyD
ehsk. gqwkD{ jfEnkoK ~ fbikT[D dh
;woZEk oZyD tkbh fJ; fw}kfJb dk
gqhyD fJ; dh ekoi ;woZEk ~ goyD
bJh ehsk frnk. gqwkD{ ns/ otkfJsh
d'tK soQK d/ ft;c'NeK Bkb 500 feb' s'I
b? e/ 1 j}ko feb' se Gko fbikT[D d/
;woZE fJj fw}kfJb nkX[fBe ;zukbB
gqDkbh Bkb b?; j?. Gkosh ;?Bk ftu
fJ; fw}kfJb ~ gfjbK jh Fkfwb ehsk
ik u[Zek j?.
piN d/ 0H4 gqfsFs s'I tXk e/ 1 s'I
v/Y gqfsFs ehs/ ikD dh sith} j?. Fqh
w[yoih B/ d/F-ftd/F s'I nkJ/ y/sh
ftfrnkBhnK s/ seBheh wkfjoK ~ nghb
ehsh fe T[j y/shpkVh d/ fNekT{ ftek;
bJh nfij/ Yzr sohe/ bZGD fiBQK Bkb
bzp/ ;w/I se G'iB s/ ihftek ;[oZfynk
pDkJh oZyD d/ Bkb-Bkb gkDh, G{wh s/
tksktoB tor/ e[dosh ;'fwnK ~ th
GftZy ftu ;zGkfbnk ik ;e/.

gqu{B eko'pko ftu ftd/Fh g{zih

Bkb ]gsekoK s/ fe;kBK dk
Gbk j't/rk L - gqXkB wzsoh
gqXkB wzsoh vkH wBw'jB f;zx B/

fe;kBK dh y/sh nkwdB tXkT[D bJh

y/sh ftu ftfGzBsk fbnkT[D T[s/ }'o
fdsk j?. b[fXnkDk ;fEs gzikp y/shpkVh
:{Bhtof;Nh dh r'bvB i[pbh eBt'eF/ B
w"e/ p'bfdnK T[BQK 8 d;zpo ~ fejk fe
y/shpkVh bJh gkDh dh tos'I gzikp ftu
tZvh ;wZf;nk pD e/ T[`Goh j?. T[BQK
fejk fe }whB j/mbk fizBk gkDh tofsnk
ik fojk j? T[; dk fJe pj[s S'Nk fijk
fjZ;k jh ohukoi ehsk iKdk j?, fi;
ekoB gkDh dk gZXo fBozso j/mK fvZr
fojk j?. T[BKQ fejk fe fJ; ;wZf;nk tZb
fXnkB d/ e/ gzikp y/sh fGzBsk ftu d/F
d/ pkeh okiK bJh fJe fw;kb ekfJw
eo/rk. T[BKQ fejk fe gzikp ftu y/shpkVh
fGzBsk dh fJe nfijh oDBhsh T[bheD
dh b'V j? fi; Bkb fe;kBK ~ xZN s'I
xZN nkofEe n"eV Bkb pdbthI \;b s'I
bkj/tzd nkwdB jkf;b j' ;e/. T[BQK
fejk fe M'B/ d/ w[ekpb/ wZeh, Bowk,
rzBk, dkbK, s/bh phiK, ]k; eoe/ ;'fJnkphB,
cb s/ ;p}hnK dhnK pdbthnK \;bK
fe;kB dh nkwdB d/ bkG tXk ;ed/
jB.
vkH wBw'jB f;zx B/ gzikp y/shpkVh
:{Bhtof;Nh dh j'Id ftu oki d/ ;kpek
w[Zy wzsoh ;odko gqskg f;zx e?o'I ~
Gog{o FoXKibh fdzfdnK fejk fe T[BKQ B/
nkgDh d{o fdqFNh ;dek gzikp ftu
y/shpkVh s/ ;ZBnsh ftek; dh w}p{s
BhIj oZyh. d/F ~ nBki g?dktko ftu
;t?-fBoGo pDkT[D ftu gkJ/ :'rdkB
bJh y/shpkVh :{Bhtof;Nh d/ ftfrnkBhnK
dh Fbkxk eofdnK gqXkB wzsoh B/ B"itkB
y/sh wkfjoK ~ nrb/ 50 tfoQnK dhnK
tzrkoK dh FBk]s eoB #s/ T[BQK d/ jZb
bZGD dk ;Zdk fdsk.
T[BQK nk; gqrN ehsh fe f;ZXh
ftd/Fh g{zih Bkb fe;kBK, ygsekoK ns/
d/F dk Gbk j'tr
/ k.
- ghHnkJhHphH ibzXo
69

g[;se gVu'b
g[ ; se L sh;ok ]s (;t? - ihtBh)
b/fyek L vkH r[ow/b e"o i'Fh
gqekFe LT[vkB gpbhe/FB}, wkB;k.
gzB/ L248 w[Zb L 240 o[gJ/
@sh;ok ]s# vkH r[ow/b e"o i'Fh dh
ndG[s ouBk j? fi; ftu g{o/ gzikph
;ZfGnkuko ~ fusfonk j'fJnk j?. b/fyek
B/ fJ; ouBk ~ ;t?-ihtBh fejk j?.
fJ; ;t?-ihtBh ~ i/eo n;hI f;o\
;t?-ihtBh ;kfjs d/ ;zdoG ftu oy e/
d/yhJ/ sK ;zg{oB ;Zu BjhI fejk ik
;edk. n;b ftu, fJj ouBk gzikp d/
;w[Zu/ ;fGnkuko dk dogB j?. fi; ~
d{i/ FpdK ftu ;fGnkuko dk @nikfJp
xo# fejk ik ;edk j?. gkme FpdK dh
c[bekoh ftu'I s'gk-s'gk, szd-szd gZN d/
o/Fw Bkb eZY/ e;hd/ dh GKsh d/y ;edk
j?.
fJj ouBk nkw ;t?-ihtBhnK s'I
fpbe[b nbr sohe/ dh fbys j?.
don;b, b/fyek B/ nkozG s'I jh fJ;
ftu nkgD/ gfotkfoe fgS'eV, ezw,
feZs/, xo-pko, fgzv nkfd ~ pj[s jh
ft;Eko Bkb fpnkB ehsk j?. fJ;/ fpnkB
ftu ;kv/ ;kjwD/ b/ye i;fN; wfjzdo
f;zx i'Fh dk fujok th fdqFNhwkB j[zdk
j?. fi; ~ b/fyek B/ fJ; ouBk ftu
nkgD/ gfotko dk jh fJe w?Ipo wzfBnk
j? i' T[; d/ foFs/ ftu'I skfJnk ih brd/
;B.
fJ;/ soQK ;[Bkw, @GkJh ek fgF"o#
fgzv d/ fgS'eV dk fJfsjk; th pj[s
o"ue T[bhfenk j?. fJj gfotko Gkt
i'Fh gfotko gkmeK ;kjwD/ ;keko j' e/
T[`Godk j?. fi; ftu'I ;kv/ ;z;eko, ohsh
fotk}, o;wK, tfjw, FrB, ngFrB,
ykDk, gfjBDk, ofjD-;fjD, ;G e[M
70

gkmeK ~ fJe tvw[b

Z h ikDekoh fdzdk j?.
nZi dh ghVQh dk gkme fJBQK o;wKfotk}K ns/ j'o tZvw[Zbh ikDekoh s'I e'ok
j?.
fes/-fes/ fJj ouBk ;t?-ihtBh xZN
s/ fJB;kJheb'ghvhnk tZX brdh j?. fi;
ftu'I ;k~ phs/ ;w/I d/ Xzd/, ezw XzfdnK,
ekoK-ftjkoK dh Gog{o ikDekoh fwbdh
j?. ouBk dhnK pj[s ;kohnK ftF/FsktK
ftu'I e[M e[ dk toBD eoBk T[`fus j't/
rk.
gfjbh rZb, fe;/ th ouBk dk ;G
s'I gfjbk r[D T[; ftubk wB'oziB j[zdk
j?. b/fyek B/ b'e rhsKI, f;ZmDhnK, p[MkosK
ns/ ejktsK okjhI gkme ~ fJE/ w'j
fbnk j?. d{ih rZb, ;t?-ihtBh ftubk
;Zu fJ; ouBk ~ gVQfdnK gkme ~ fes/
th e'Jh nfseEBh BjhI brdh. ;G e[M
;[Gkfte jh ;fji ;[Gk gmeK ;kjwD/ nk
;keko j[zdk j?. gkmeK ~ e'Jh th rZb
;fji s'I goQK dh iK fco Ugoh BjhI
brdh.
@sh;ok ]s# i' b/fyek B/ nkgD/ gsh
d/ BK fbfynk j?. fJj fJe n?;k prhuk
j? fi; ftu'I gzikph ;fGnkuko d/ GKsGKs d/ c[Zb p{N/ wfjed/ wfj;{; j[zd/
jB. ozr pozr/ gzShnK dk wX[o ;zrhs
th gkmeK d/ ezBK ftu eb'bK eodk
brdk j?.
;w[Zu/ s"o s/ fejk ik ;edk j? fe
fJj ;w[Zuh ouBk Bk f;o\ b/fyek d/
ihtB dk fJfsjk; jh fpnkB eodh j?
;r'I gkme gzikph ;fGnkuko dhnK ghIxK
M{Ndk g{o/ j[bko ftu nk iKdk j?. fi;
dh nkgDh jh w;sh j? ns/ nkgDk jh
y[wko. fJ; ouBk ftu'I r[}odk gkme
nZyoK ~ xZN fJ; ftub/ nfj;k; ftu
f}nkdk wzsow[rX j[zdk iKdk j?. jZEbh
ouBk bJh vkH r[ow/b e"o ~ pj[s-pj[s
w[pkoe !
- pfuzs e"o

g[;se L vkfJpNh} d/ Bkb ihD

dh ebk
b/ye L vkH :shF nrotkb
gqekFe LgqekFB ftGkr, ;{uBk s/
gq ; koD wz s okbk, Gkos ;oeko,
BthI fdZ b h.
gzB/ L270O w[Zb L 175 o[gJ/
ihDk fJe ebk j? ns/ vkfJpNh}
Gkt FZeo o'r iK F{ro dh phwkoh Bkb
ihDk j'o th n"yh ebk. nukBe fe;/
j'o phwkoh dh iKu eotkT[IfdnK i/ fe;/
~ F{ro dk gsk bZr/ sK T[; ~ pVk
tZvk MNek brdk j?. gqshs j[zdk j? fe
j[D ihtB dk e'Jh ;[nkd BjhI ofjDk.
;koh T[wo dhnK pzfdFK. fJj BjhI ykDk,
T[j BjhI ykDk, fuzsktK s/ ;'uK fJ;
phwkoh ~ j'o tXkJh iKdhnK jB. vkH
:shF nrotkb dh fJj feskp vkfJpNh}
d/ o'rh ~ fJ; phwkoh d/ Bkb th ][Fh,
FKsh ns/ T[sFkj Gog{o ihtB ihD dh
ebk dZ;dh j?. i/ fJj g[;se vkfJpNh}
d/ jo o'rh d/ w/} T[s/ j't/ sK T[j fJ;
phwkoh Bkb tXhnk f}zdrh ihD dh ebk
f;y ;edk j?.
vkH nrotkb dh fJ; g[;se dh
p'bh, F?bh j?okB eoB dh jZd se ;kdk
j?. nkw p'b ukb d/ B/V/ ofj e/ T[; B/
vkeNoK tZb'I fJ; o'r d/ fJbki ;w/I
tos/ iKd/ seBheh FpdK, dtkJhnK, iKugoyK, ;ktXkBhnK nkfd dh ftnkfynk
ehsh j?. fJ; o'r Bkb i[V/ Gow G[by/ /
d{o ehs/ jB. fJ; o'r ns/ fJ; d/
T[guko Bkb ;zpzfXs nkw nkdwh d/ wB
ftu T[`mD tkb/ gqFBK dk T[`so fdsk j?.
vkeNoh feZs/ dk wkjo ns/ T[j th fdZbh
fij/ wjKBro ftu j't./ T[; dh ebw
s'I nfijh ;ob s/ gqGktFkbh fbys
;Zuw[u ;tkrs :'r j?.
b/ye B/ vkfJpNh} d/ wjKwkoh tKr
s/}h Bkb g?o g;koB d/ wd/-B}o b'eK
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

~ ;ktXkB ehsk j?. fJ; o'r d/ bZSD

dZ;/ jB sK fe woh} jBQo/ / ftu Bk
oj/. fJ; s'I p/-tij go/FkB j'D dh b'V
BjhI. vkH nrotkb B/ fJ; o'r dhnK
w[Zy fe;wK dZ;hnK jB. fJe T[j fi;
dk fJbki fJB;{fbB d/ NhfenK Bkb jh
;zGt j? ns/ d{ih T[j fi; dk fJbki
r'bhnK Bkb j' ;edk j?. fJj jh BjhI
T[; B/ fJ; o'r d/ nk:[ot?fde, d/;h,
nzro/}h fJbki ns/ T[jV-g[jV pko/ th
fBZm e/ rZb ehsh j?. dtkJhnK d/
;kJhv Jhc?eN s/ fJBQK dk ezw eod/eod/ p/n;o j'D ikD dh uouk S/Vh j?.
w/Eh, eo/b,/ ikwD nkfd d/ T[jV-g[jV
dhnK ;hwktK dZ;hnK jB. T[; dk ftuko
j? fe fJBQK dk bkG }o{o j? go fJBQK
nk;o/ dtkJh SZvDh mhe BjhI. e;os,
;?o ns/ :'rk d/ fJ; phwkoh d/ fJbki
ftu wjZst tZb th T[; B/ fXnkB
dtkfJnk j?. :'r nk;B. ;kJhefbzr,
;?o, Gko dk fB:zsoD ns/ y[oke pko/
fJ; feskp ftu wZ[btkB ikDekoh j?.
T[`fus Gko, T[`fus y[oke, T[`fus
pbZv gq?Fo, F{ro d/ o'rh ~ nZyK, fdb,
szs{ gqDkbh, }yw, F{ro dh tkX-xkN,
r[od/ d/ o'rK fijhnK iNb gq;fEshnK
pko/ ikDekoh th fJ; g[;se ftu gqkgs
j?. g[;se fJj th dZ;dh j? fe fJ;

o'r ftu fwZmhnK uh}K cbK dk ;"

gqfsFs fsnkr eoB dh b'V BjhI. f;o\
;ziw s/ ;ktXkBh dh b'V j?. fJ; o'r

s'I gqF/ kB b'eK bJh fJj g[;se tXhnk

s'j\k j?.

- vkH e[bdhg f;'zx Xho

(gzikph)
d/ nrb/ nze

\otoh 2013 - fJj nze f;ZXk Bed okFh spkdbk T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.

wkou 2013 - fJj nze piN T[`s/ e/Idfos j't/rk.

:'iBk (gzikph) dhnK uzdk doK

d' ;kb L `180, fszB ;kb L `250
r[nKYh d/FK bJh ;kbkBk `530,
:{og s/ j'o d/FK bJh ;kbkBk `730
uzd/ Gkosh g';Nb nkovo$wBh nkovo s/ p?Ie vok\N okjhI
ADG(i/c), Publications Division d/ BK #s/ pDk e/
j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'
fJe ;kb L

`100,

Business Manager
(Advertisement & Circulation )
Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
East Block-IV, Level-VII, R.K. Puram
New Delhi-110066. (Tel.011-26105590)
email-pdjucir_jcm@yahoo.co.in

E-version
Employment News is happy to announce the launch of e-version of Rozgar
Samachar (Urdu). It will be available free of cost only in Rozgar Samachar
(Hindi) website from the first week of January 2013 to all readers. Readers
are advised to go to website ww.rojgarsamachar.gov.in & enjoy reading
Rozgar Samachr (Urdu) anytime & anywhere at your comfort.
How to access the e- version
Go to our website www.rojgarsamachar.gov.in
Click on the link for e-version (Urdu)
:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013

71

Gkos ~ ikDB - ;wMD bJh

gVQ' L

gqekFB ftGkr tb'I gqekFs

;q/FN, o"ue ns/ frnkB Gog{o g[;seK

gqekFB ftGkr okFNoh B/sktK dhnK ihtBhnK ns/ fJfsjk;, ebk, ;z;feqsh, ftfrnkB, pB;gsh, ;zdoG nkfd
tZy tZy ftfFnK T[s/ ns/ pkb g[;seK gqekFs eodk j?. 100 yzvK ftu ;zgo{ D rKXh ouBktbh gqekFB ftGkr
dh fJe wjZstg{oD T[gbpXh j?. d/F ns/ d/F tk;hnK pko/ Gog{o ikDekoh d/D tkbhnK bkGdkfJe s/ frnkB
tXkT[D tkbhnK g[;seK fjzdh, nzro/}h, gzikph s/ j'o Gkosh GkFktK ftu T[gbpX jB. ftGkr fjzdh,
nzro/}h, gzikph s/ j'o Gkosh GkFktK ftu gZsoektK th gqekFs eodk j?.

e[M wjZstg{oD gzikph gqekFB

vkfJpNh} d/ Bkb ihB dh ebk
Grs f;zx L nwo ftdo'jh
Fjhd eosko f;zx ;okGk
fdnkb f;zx wihmhnk
Gkos SZv' nzd'bB
d/F-ftd/F d/ wjKg[oF
Gkos d/ r"ot rqzE
fdb d/ o'r s'I e?I;o se
ftfrnkBhnK dhnK ihtB eEktK
1857 dk ;[szsosk ;zrqkw
g[;seK fJBQK ftZeoh e/IdoK T[s/

:[Zr g[oF ;odko ;toB f;zx

FjhdK d/ ]s
Gkos d/ b'e Bku
;fsr[o{ okw f;zx s/ e{ek bfjo
fcZv{ cb{ro
gzikp d/ b'e Bku
\o} dh gSkD
ebgBk uktbk
Gkos d/ gzSh

nZXh u[zM tkbh fuVh

r[o{ BkBe s'I r[o{ rzqE ;kfjp se
eqKshekoh n}hwT[`bk ]K
eqKshekohnK dk pugB
Gkos dhnK b'e eEktK
oftzdo BkE mke[o dhnK pkb ejkDhnK
Gkos dhnK g[okDhnK :kdrkoK
Gkos ftu nzro/}h oki (Gkr gfjbk)
Gkos ftu nzro/}h oki (Gkr d{ik)
Gkosh ;fGnkuko dh Mkeh

T[gbpX jB L

;{uBk GtB, ;hHihHUH ezgb?e;, b'Xh o'v, BthI fdZbh - 110 003 (\'B-24365610)
jkb BzL 196, g[okDk ;eZso/s, fdZbh -110 054 (\'B-23890205)
701, ph ftzr, ;ZsthI wzf}b, e/Idoh ;dB, p/bkg[o, BthI w[zpJh -400 614 (\'B-27570686)
8, n?;gb/B/v Jh;N, e'beksk - 700 069 (\'B-22488030)
@J/# ftzr, okikih GtB, p/;?IN Bro, u/BZJh - 600 090 (\'B-24917673)
gq?`; o'v, fBeN r"ofwzN gq?`;, fso{tkBzsg[ow - 695 001 (\'B-2330650)
pbke BzL-4, gfjbh wzf}b, rqfjebg ezgb?e;, n?wHi/Ho'v, BkwgZbh, j?dokpkd -500 001 (\'B-24605383)
gqEw sb, @n?`\# ftzr e/Idoh ;dB, e'okwzrbk, pzrb"o - 560 034 (\'B-25537244)
fpjko oki ;fjekoh p?Ie fpbfvzr, nF'e okigZE, gNBk -800 004 (\'B-2683407)
jkb BzL1, d{ih wzf}b, e/Idoh GtB, ;?`eNo-n?u, nbhrzi, byBT{ - 226 024, (\'B-2225455)
nzphek ezgb?e;, gfjbh wzf}b, :{e' p?Ie d/ T[go, gkbdh, nfjwdkpkd -380 007 (\'B-26588669)
e/He/HphHo'v, BthI ekb'Bh, wekB BzL7, u/Bhe[ZNh, r[tjkNh-781 003 (\'B-2665090)

gqekFB ftGkr
;{uBk ns/ gq;koD wzsokbk
;{uBk GtB, ;hHihHUH ezgb?e;,
b'Xh o'v, BthI fdZbh-110003

72

:'iBk, iBtoh, 2013