Chng 4

M hnh cc yu t c trng v phn phi thu nhp

Paul R. Krugman and Maurice Obstfeld

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-1 Slide 4-1

Ni dung chng 4
Gii thiu M hnh cc yu t c trng (NTT) Thng mi quc t vi m hnh cc YTT S thay i ca gi v yu t sn xut Li ch t thng mi v phn phi thu nhp Tm tt

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-2 Slide 4-2

Gii thiu

S tc ng ca TM quc t n thu nhp ca mi quc gia khi tham gia TM - Tc ng n thu nhp ca tng i tng trong nn kinh t: lao ng, ngi u t vn, ngi c t Sx Hai l do dn n TMQT v tc ng n phn phi thu nhp: Ngun lc sx khng th di chuyn ngay lp tc, hoc chi ph s pht sinh nu chuyn t ngnh ny sang ngnh khc. Mi ngnh sx s dng cc ngun lc sx khc nhau M hnh cc yu t s phn tch tc ng ca TMQT n phn phi thu nhp.
August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-3 Slide 4-3

M hnh cc yu t c trng
Cc gi nh ca m hnh
Nn kinh t ch Sx 2 hng ho (my mc v thc phm) C 3 yu t Sx: Lao ng (L), Vn (K) v t ai (T) SX my mc ch s dng lao ng v vn.

SX thc phm ch s dng Lao ng v t ai

Vy, lao ng l yu t c th di chuyn gia 2 ngnh ny. t ai v vn l cc yu t c trng ch c s dng trong SX 1 loi hng ho.

Th trng cnh tranh hon ho.

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-4 Slide 4-4

M hnh cc yu t c trng
Nn kinh t s SX bao nhiu cho mi loi hng ho Sn lng my mc ph thuc vo s lng vn v lao
ng c s dng trong SX. Mi lin h gia sn lng v ngun lc sx s c th hin bng hm sn xut. Hm sn xut hng ho X th hin s lng ti a sn phm X c sx t cc ngun lc u vo.

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-5 Slide 4-5

Hm sn xut
Hm SX my mc nh sau
QM = QM (K, LM) (4-1) Trong : QM l sn lng my mc K l s lng vn ca nn kinh t LM l lc lng lao ng tham gia SX my mc Hm sn xut thc phm nh sau Q F = Q F ( T, LF) (4-2) Trong : QF l sn lng thc phm T l din tch t ca nn kinh t LF l lc lng lao ng tham gia SX thc phm
August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-6 Slide 4-6

Lc lng lao ng ca nn kinh t

Lclng lao ng trong nn kinh t s bng lao ng tham
gia SX my mc v thc phm: LM + LF = L
QM QM = QM (K, LM)

(4-3)

Hnh 4.1. ng gii hn kh nng sx i vi my mc

LM
August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-7 Slide 4-7

Gi c, tin lng v phn phi lao ng

Xc nh tin lng i vi lao ng MPLM x PM = w (4-4)
(tin lng bng vi doanh thu bin ca Sp my mc)

MPLF x PF = w

(4-5)

(tin lng bng vi doanh thu bin ca Sp thc phm)

Tin lng s bng nhau gia cc ngnh

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-8 Slide 4-8

Hnh 4.2. Phn phi lao ng

Tin lng, W

Tin lng, W

1 W1

PF X MPLF (Nhu cu L sx thc phm) PM X MPLM (nhu cu L sx my mc)

LM L1M L1F
Lc lng lao ng, L

LF

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-9 Slide 4-9

 Khi gi ca thc phm v my mc thay i s tc

ng n vic phn phi lao ng nh th no?

2 trng hp c th xy ra:
Gi thay i theo t l nh nhau S thay i t l gi (PM/PF)

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-10 Slide 4-10

Gi thay i theo t l nh nhau

Hnh 4.4: Gi ca my mc v thc phm thay i cng t l
W Tc ng - Tin lng (w) tng bng vi mc tng W 10%2 ca gi, v vy tng lng thc t khng W 1 b tc ng khi gi thay i - Thu nhp ca ngi u t vn v ch t khng thay i
PM 2 X MPLM PF 2 X MPLF

PM 1 X MPLM

W
2
PF tng 10%

PM tng 10%

PF 1 X MPLF

LM

LF

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-11 Slide 4-11

S thay i t l gi (PM/PF)
S thay i t l gi s tc ng n li ch v phn
phi lao ng Khi ch c PM tng, lao ng s di chuyn t ngnh thc phm sang ngnh my mc v sn lng my mc s tng, ngc li sn lng thc phm gim xung. Tin lng s tng t hn s tng ca gi PM, bi v lao ng tng ln trong khi nng sut bin ca chng b gim.

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-12 Slide 4-12

Hnh 4.5: S tng gi ca my mc

Khi PM tng 10%, khi tin lng s tng t hn 10% Tc ng khi P tng n cc i tng: -Lao ng: ph thuc vo
mc tiu dng 2 hng ho - Ch u t vn: li ch nhiu hn - Ch s hu t: thit hi do tin lng tng
W
L tng 7%

PF 1 X MPLF W
2 1 PM 2 X MPLM PM 1 X MPLM

Tin W 2 lng 1 tng t W hn 7%

LM
L di chuyn t F sang M

LF

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-13 Slide 4-13

Hnh 4-6: S thay i ca vn

W
Tng vn (K)

PF 1 X MPLF 2 1

W W1
2

PM X MPLM2

PM X MPLM1
LF

LM

Tng vn -> ng cung dch chuyn sang phi (QM tng) Tc ng: tng vn -> MPLM tng -> tin lng tng -> thu ht

L di chuyn t F sang M

lao ng t ngnh thc phm. Trong khi , QF s b gim do lao ng gim (di chuyn).
August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-14 Slide 4-14

Trng hp Thng mi gia 2 nc

Gi nh Nht v M c ng cu ging nhau V vy, TMQT xy ra do s khc nhau v ng cung bi v gia
2 nc c s khc nhau v:
Cng ngh Yu t sn xut (vn, lao ng, t ai)

Yu t sn SX v ng cung
Khi tng yu t SX th s tc ng n sn lng ca my mc v
thc phm nh th no?
Nu nc no c nhiu vn v t t th h s quyt nh sn xut my mc nhiu hn so vi thc phm

August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-15 Slide 4-15

Hnh 4-7: Thng mi quc t v t l gi gia 2 nc

PM /PF RSm RSWORLD (PM /PF )m (PM /PF )tg (PM /PF )nht RDWORLD RSNht

QM/QF
August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-16 Slide 4-16

Hnh 4-8: cn bng thng mi

QF
Nht

QF

NKF DJF

XKF

QAF DAF QAM DAM

NKM

QJ F DJM QJM
XKM

QM

QM

Nht: Gi PM/PF tng -> DM gim v QM tng

DF tng v QF gim => XK my mc v NK thc phm M: Gi PM/PF gim -> DM tng v QM gim DF gim v QF tng => XK thc phm v NK my mc
KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH
Designed by Truong Huy

August 6, 2013

Slide 3-17 Slide 4-17

Li ch t TMQT v phn phi thu nhp

Nht: khi Gi PM/PF tng

- Ch u t vn (my mc) s t li ch - Ch s hu t (thc phm) s b thit hi M: khi Gi PM/PF gim - Ch u t vn (my mc) s b thit hi - Ch s hu t (thc phm) s t li ch i vi lao ng kh c th nh gi tc ng bi v ph thuc vo mc tiu dng v s di chuyn ca h gia cc ngnh.
August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-18 Slide 4-18

Tm tt

TMQT s tc ng n phn phi thu nhp gia cc nc. nh hng phn phi thu nhp xut pht t 2 l do:

Yu t SX khng th di chuyn ngay lp tc hoc lin quan

n chi ph khi di chuyn. S khc nhau v ngun lc dn n ng cung sx khc nhau v l nguyn nhn ca TMQT. Trong m hnh ny, cc yu t c trng ca cc ngnh hng xut khu s t li ch, trong khi cc ngnh hng nhp khu b thit hi. Yu t di chuyn gia cc ngnh c th t li ch hoc b thit hi.
August 6, 2013

KHOA KINH T & QUN TR KINH DOANH

Designed by Truong Huy

Slide 3-19 Slide 4-19