Quantitative Aptitude Shortcuts & Tricks

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Quantitative Aptitude Shortcuts & Tricks

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Quantitative A ptitude Shortcuts and Tricks
Finding number of Factors To find the number of factors of a given number, express the number as a product of powers of prime numbers. In this case, 48 can be written as 16 * 3 = (24 * 3) Now, increment the power of each of the prime numbers by 1 and multiply the result. In this case it will be (4 + 1)*(1 + 1) = 5 * 2 = 10 (the power of 2 is 4 and the power of 3 is 1) Therefore, there will 10 factors including 1 and 48. Excluding, these two numbers, you will have 10 2 = 8 factors. Sum of n natural numbers -> The sum of first n natural numbers = n (n+1)/2 -> The sum of squares of first n natural numbers is n (n+1)(2n+1)/6 -> The sum of first n even numbers= n (n+1) -> The sum of first n odd numbers= n^2 Finding Squares of numbers To find the squares of numbers near numbers of which squares are known To find 41^2 , Add 40+41 to 1600 =1681
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To find 59^2 , Subtract 60^2-(60+59) =3481 Finding number of Positive Roots If an equation (i:e f(x)=0 ) contains all positive co-efficient of any powers of x , it has no positive roots then. Eg: x^4+3x^2+2x+6=0 has no positive roots . Finding number of Imaginary Roots For an equation f(x)=0 , the maximum number of positive roots it can have is the number of sign changes in f(x) ; and the maximum number of negative roots it can have is the number of sign changes in f(-x) . Hence the remaining are the minimum number of imaginary roots of the equation(Since we also know that the index of the maximum power of x is the number of roots of an equation.)
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Reciprocal Roots The equation whose roots are the reciprocal of the roots of the equation ax^2+bx+c is cx^2+bx+a Roots Roots of x^2+x+1=0 are 1,w,w^2 where 1+w+w^2=0 and w^3=1 Finding Sum of the rootsFor a cubic equation ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=o sum of the roots = - b/a sum of the product of the roots taken two at a time = c/a product of the roots = -d/a For a biquadratic equation ax^4+bx^3+cx^2+dx+e = 0 sum of the roots = - b/a sum of the product of the roots taken three at a time = c/a sum of the product of the roots taken two at a time = -d/a product of the roots = e/a Maximum/Minimum -> If for two numbers x+y=k(=constant), then their PRODUCT is MAXIMUM if x=y(=k/2). The maximum product is then (k^2)/4
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-> If for two numbers x*y=k(=constant), then their SUM is MINIMUM if x=y(=root(k)). The minimum sum is then 2*root(k) .
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Inequalties -> x + y >= x+y ( stands for absolute value or modulus ) (Useful in solving some inequations) -> a+b=a+b if a*b>=0 else a+b >= a+b -> 2<= (1+1/n)^n <=3 -> (1+x)^n ~ (1+nx) if x<<<1> When you multiply each side of the inequality by -1, you have to reverse the direction of the inequality.
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Product Vs HCF-LCM Product of any two numbers = Product of their HCF and LCM . Hence product of two numbers = LCM of the numbers if they are prime to each other AM GM HM For any 2 numbers a>b a>AM>GM>HM>b (where AM, GM ,HM stand for arithmetic, geometric , harmonic menasa respectively) (GM)^2 = AM * HM Sum of Exterior Angles For any regular polygon , the sum of the exterior angles is equal to 360 degrees hence measure of any external angle is equal to 360/n. ( where n is the number of sides) For any regular polygon , the sum of interior angles =(n-2)180 degrees So measure of one angle in Square-----=90 Pentagon--=108 Hexagon---=120 Heptagon--=128.5 Octagon---=135 Nonagon--=140 Decagon--=144 Problems on clocks Problems on clocks can be tackled as assuming two runners going round a circle , one 12 times as fast as the other . That is , the minute hand describes 6 degrees /minute the hour hand describes 1/2 degrees /minute . Thus the minute hand describes 5(1/2) degrees more than the hour hand per minute . The hour and the minute hand meet each other after every 65(5/11) minutes after being together at midnight. (This can be derived from the above) .
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Co-ordinates Given the coordinates (a,b) (c,d) (e,f) (g,h) of a parallelogram , the coordinates of the meeting point of the diagonals can be found out by solving for [(a+e)/2, (b+f)/2] =[ (c+g)/2 , (d+h)/2] Ratio If a1/b1 = a2/b2 = a3/b3 = .............. , then each ratio is equal to (k1*a1+ k2*a2+k3*a3+..............) / (k1*b1+ k2*b2+k3*b3+..............) , which is also equal to (a1+a2+a3+............./b1+b2+b3+..........) Finding multiples x^n -a^n = (x-a)(x^(n-1) + x^(n-2) + .......+ a^(n-1) ) ......Very useful for finding multiples .For example (17-14=3 will be a multiple of 17^3 - 14^3) Exponents e^x = 1 + (x)/1! + (x^2)/2! + (x^3)/3! + ........to infinity 2 <>GP -> In a GP the product of any two terms equidistant from a term is always constant . -> The sum of an infinite GP = a/(1-r) , where a and r are resp. the first term and common ratio of the GP . Mixtures If Q be the volume of a vessel q qty of a mixture of water and wine be removed each time from a mixture n be the number of times this operation be done and A be the final qty of wine in the mixture then ,
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A/Q = (1-q/Q)^n
Some Pythagorean triplets: 3,4,5----------(3^2=4+5) 5,12,13--------(5^2=12+13) 7,24,25--------(7^2=24+25) 8,15,17--------(8^2 / 2 = 15+17 ) 9,40,41--------(9^2=40+41) 11,60,61-------(11^2=60+61) 12,35,37-------(12^2 / 2 = 35+37) 16,63,65-------(16^2 /2 = 63+65) 20,21,29-------(EXCEPTION) Appolonius theorem Appolonius theorem could be applied to the 4 triangles formed in a parallelogram. Function Any function of the type y=f(x)=(ax-b)/(bx-a) is always of the form x=f(y) . Finding Squares To find the squares of numbers from 50 to 59 For 5X^2 , use the formulae (5X)^2 = 5^2 +X / X^2 Eg ; (55^2) = 25+5 /25 =3025 (56)^2 = 25+6/36 =3136 (59)^2 = 25+9/81 =3481 Successive Discounts Formula for successive discounts a+b+(ab/100) This is used for succesive discounts types of sums.like 1999 population increses by 10% and then in 2000 by 5% so the population in 2000 now is 10+5+ (50/100)=+15.5% more that was in 1999 and if there is a decrease then it will be preceeded by a -ve sign and likewise. Rules of Logarithms: -> loga(M)=y if and only if M=ay -> loga(MN)=loga(M)+loga(N) -> loga(M/N)=loga(M)-loga(N) -> loga(Mp)=p*loga(M) -> loga(1)=0-> loga(ap)=p -> log(1+x) = x - (x^2)/2 + (x^3)/3 - (x^4)/4 .........to infinity [ Note the alternating sign . .Also note that the ogarithm is with respect to base e ]
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30 comments:
MBA from Assam April 30, 2012 at 10:14 PM Thanks for the tips, very useful for students. Thank you buddy for this information. Keep it up..
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Distance Learning MBA May 1, 2012 at 9:40 PM It is informative and useful information. I really appreciate your efforts. Thank you for this information. Keep it up.. Reply
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ABUBAKAR SADAUKI August 18, 2012 at 7:16 AM 4 : 3. After 4 years this ratio will be 9 : 7. If at the time of their marriage the ratio was 5 : 3, how many years ago they were married? (a) 10 years (b) 8 years (c) 12 years (d) 15 years 16. Simplify: 1313131 1313131 . . . . . . . . . . . . ++ (a) .3 (b) 3
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1 3 (c) . . 3 (d) 1 17. What sum of money is to be divided among 3 men in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5 so that the third man receives Rs 10 only. (a) Rs 56 (b) Rs 84 (c) Rs 120 (d) Rs 24 18. Sum of two numbers prime to each other is 20 and their L.C.M. is 99. What are the numbers? (a) 8 and 12 (b) 14 and 6 (c) 19 and 1 (d) 11 and 9 19. Find square root of 2 7. . (a) .5 (b) 5 (c) 1 2 3 (d) .3 20. Find the greatest of the four least common multiples of 3, 5 and 7. (a) 1 (b) 420 (c) 315 (d) 105 Reply
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