Lecture8

Dontdelay:makesureyouhaveaworking genvironmentASAP Verilog AdditionalResources

ClassWebSite(Resources):Linetoonlinetutorial ClassWebSite(Textbook):Palnitkar textbook

ECE171 DigitalCircuits
Prof.MarkG.Faust MaseehCollegeofEngineering andComputerScience

HardwareDescriptionLanguages (HDLs)
Benefits
Complete,unambiguousspecificationofdesign
Inputs, p ,outputs, p ,behavior, ,timing g

Simulationfordesigndebug Synthesisforphysicalrealizationofdesign

Severalwidelyused
ABEL primarilyforPLDs VHDL(VHSICHardwareDescriptionLanguage) Verilog(1995, (1995 2001)

Numeroustoolsandvendors
Capture,edit,simulate,synthesize
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DesignFlow

Modules

Differenttypesofmoduledescriptions
1. 2. 3. 4. Structural actualgates Behavioral behavior,nostructure Dataflow simpleoutput F(inputs) Combinationofabove
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VerilogSyntax
Casesensitive
module,Module,MODULEnotsame Reservedwordsarelowercase(e.g.module) Userdefinedidentifiers(e.g. (e g variables, variables modules, modules ports)norequirements
Usefulconvention:usemixedcase,leadingcapitals BufferFullnotbufferfullorBUFFERFULL

Whitespace(e.g.spaces,linebreaks)generallyignored
Useittomakeyourmodulesreadable

Comments
//singlelinecomments / /* multipleline comments */

VerilogSyntax
Identifiers
Beginwithletterorunderscore Containletters,digits,underscores,$

4V Valued l dLogic L i
0,1,X,Z

Literals(inlanguagesense)
nBdddd n Bdddd
n=(decimal)numberofbits B=radix
b=binary o=octal h=hexadecimal d=decimal

R R R R R

= = = = =

4b1010; 4hA; 4o12; 4d10; 10;

dddd=digitsindesignatedradix

Verilog
Operators
BitwiseBoolean Arithmeticandshift Logical Misc:concatenation,replication p

Verilog
Vectors
Signals g orports p withwidth Bitselect
Zbus[5] [ ]

Partselect
word1[15:8]

Verilog
Instantiatingamodule
component p name instanceidentifier

Twoformsofparameterlists
Byorderofdeclaration Byexplicitportname

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VerilogDataflowExample:FullAdder
CI A B 0 00 0 01 0 10 0 11 1 00 1 01 1 10 1 11 CO S 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1

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VerilogStructuralExample:FullAdder

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ATestBench
Providesstimulustomodulebeingtested Mustobeyinterfaceandprotocol
Interface: I t f signal i ldirection di ti and dwidth idth(e.g. ( bus) b ) Protocol:timingandedgerelationships

Facilitatesresponse p frommodule
TestBench canbewrittentoindependentlyverifyresponse Humancanexaminewaveformsproducedinsimulation TestBench canbewrittentoformatresponse(e.g. (e g table) forlaterexaminationorprocessing

IsaVerilogmodule!
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ATestBench

0000 1100 1010

Module

TestBench
TestBench instantiatesmoduleandprovidesnecessaryinputs,calledtestvectors Declaresregisters(reg)whichwillbeconnectedtothemoduleinputports Declareswireswhichwillbeconnectedtothemoduleoutputports
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TestbenchExample

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ACompleteExampleUsing DataflowStyle
Designacircuitthattakesasinputabinaryrepresentationofamonth,andan additionalBooleaninputLeapYear (LY)whichis1ifthecurrentyearisaleap year,anddeterminesthenumberofdaysinthemonth.Thecircuitshouldhave f outputs:D28, four D28 D29 D29,D30 D30,D31which hi haretruewhen h the h given i month hhas h exactlytheindicatednumberofdays.Forexample,ifthemonthinputs indicateMarch,theoutputD31willbe1whileD30,D29andD28willbe0.Use thefewestnumberofbitstoencodethemonthinput.
Methodology(willvarywithtargetimplementation!) 1. Drawablackbox,labelinputsandoutputs(I/Os) 2. Confirmformats,representations,timingofI/Os 3 3. C t atruth Create t tht table bl 4. UseKmapstoobtainminimized/reducedequations 5. TranslateequationstoVerilogdataflowstylesyntax 6. Createatestbenchtoappropriatelytestthemodule Appropriatemaymeanexhaustivetesting 7 7. C Compile il and dtest 8. Debug:Examyourresults;ifnotasexpected,workbackwards 9. Baskinyoursuccess

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BlackBoxandTruthtable
Jan Feb Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec -unused-unusedd -unused-unusedInputs Outputs Month Leap Encoded Year M3 M2 M1 M0 LY D28 D29 D30 D31 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 X 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 X 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 X 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 X 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 X 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 X 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 X 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 X 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 X X X X X 1 1 0 1 X X X X X 1 1 1 0 X X X X X 1 1 1 1 X X X X X

D31 D30

LY

DaysInMonth

D29 D28 28

UseofX(dontcare)ininputsreducesrowsintruthtableandhelpstoclarifyfunctionality UseofXinoutputsmayleadtosimplerBooleanequations
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KMapsandReducedEquations
Jan Feb F b Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec unused -unused-unused-unused-unusedInputs Outputs Month Leap Encoded Year M3 M2 M1 M0 LY D28 D29 D30 D31 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 X 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 X 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 X 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 X 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 X 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 X 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 X 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 X 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 X 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 X X X X X 1 1 0 1 X X X X X 1 1 1 0 X X X X X 1 1 1 1 X X X X X

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VerilogDataflowStyleModule
module DaysInMonth(M3,M2,M1,M0,LY,D28,D29,D30,D31); input M3,M2,M1,M0; // encoded value of month // Jan = 0000, Feb = 0001, etc // 1 if leap year // // // // 1 1 1 1 if if if if month month month month has has has has 28 29 30 31 days days days days

Usuallyablockcommentherewith descriptionofmodule, module author, author date, date otherpertinentinformation

input LY; output output output output D28; D29; D30; D31;

D31 D30

LY

DaysInMonth

D29 D28 28

assign #6 D28 = ~M3 & ~M2 & ~M1 & M0 & ~LY; assign #6 D29 = ~M3 & ~M2 & ~M1 & M0 & assign #6 D30 = M3 & ~M0 | M2 & ~M1 & M0 | ~M3 & ~M2 & M1 & M0; M3 & M0 | ~M3 & ~M0 | M2 & M1; LY;

D28 = M3 M2 M1 M0 LY D29 = M3 M2 M1 M0 LY

assign #6 D31 =

D30 = M3 M0 + M2 M1 M0 + M3 M2 M1 M0
D31 = M3 M0 + M3 M0 + M2 M1

endmodule

Delay

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VerilogTestbench
module TestDays(); reg M3,M2,M1,M0; reg LY; wire D28, D29, D30, D31; DaysInMonth D1 (M3,M2,M1,M0,LY,D28,D29,D30,D31); initial begin #10 LY = 1'bx; M3 = 1'b0; M2 = 1'b0; M1 = 1'b0; M0 = 1'b0; #10 M3 = 1'b0; M2 = 1'b0; M1 = 1'b0; M0 = 1'b1; LY = 1'b0; // Not Leap Year #10 LY = 1'b1; // Leap Year

Useofdontcareinputs Abilitytoeasilydetermineallinputvalues f anytestvector for

module DaysInMonth(M3,M2,M1,M0,LY,D28,D29,D30,D31); input M3,M2,M1,M0; // Jan // Feb input LY; output output output output // Mar // Apr // May // Jun // J Jul l // Aug // Sep // Oct // Nov // Dec assign #6 D31 = D28; D29; D30; D31; // encoded value of month // Jan = 0000, Feb = 0001

// 1 if leap year // // // // 1 1 1 1 if if if if month month month month has has has has 28 29 30 31 days days days days

#10 LY = 1'bx; M3 = 1'b0; M2 = 1'b0; M1 = 1'b1; M0 = 1'b0; #10 M3 = 1'b0; M2 = 1'b0; M1 = 1'b1; M0 = 1'b1; #10 M3 = 1'b0; M2 = 1'b1; M1 = 1'b0; M0 = 1'b0; #10 M3 = 1'b0; M2 = 1'b1; M1 = 1'b0; M0 = 1'b1; #10 M3 = 1'b0 1'b0; M2 = 1'b1 1'b1; M1 = 1'b1 1'b1; M0 = 1'b0 1'b0; #10 M3 = 1'b0; M2 = 1'b1; M1 = 1'b1; M0 = 1'b1; #10 M3 = 1'b1; M2 = 1'b0; M1 = 1'b0; M0 = 1'b0; #10 M3 = 1'b1; M2 = 1'b0; M1 = 1'b0; M0 = 1'b1; # #10 M3 = 1'b1; ; M2 = 1'b0; ; M1 = 1'b1; ; M0 = 1'b0; ; #10 M3 = 1'b1; M2 = 1'b0; M1 = 1'b1; M0 = 1'b1; #20 $finish(); end endmodule

assign #6 D28 = ~M3 & ~M2 & ~M1 & M0 & ~LY; assign #6 D29 = ~M3 & ~M2 & ~M1 & M0 & assign #6 D30 = M3 & ~M0 | M2 & ~M1 M1 & M0 | ~M3 & ~M2 & M1 & M0; M3 & M0 | ~M3 & ~M0 | M2 & M1; LY;

endmodule

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TheTimingDiagram

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ABetterSolution:Buses(Vectors)
module DaysInMonth(M,LY,D28,D29,D30,D31); i input t [3 [3:0] 0] M M; // encoded d d value l of f month th // Jan = 0000, Feb = 0001, etc // 1 if leap year // // // // 1 1 1 1 if if if if month month month month has has has has 28 29 30 31 days days days days input LY;

D31 D30

LY

DaysInMonth

D29 D28 28

output output output output

D28; D29; D30; D31;

assign #6 D28 = ~M[3] & ~M[2] & ~M[1] & M[0] & ~LY; assign #6 D29 = ~M[3] & ~M[2] & ~M[1] & M[0] & assign #6 D30 = M[3] & ~M[0] | M[2] & ~M[1] & M[0] | ~M[3] M[3] & ~M[2] M[2] & M[1] & M[0] M[0]; M[3] & M[0] | ~M[3] & ~M[0] | M[2] & M[1]; LY;

assign #6 D31 =

endmodule

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ABetterSolution:Buses(Vectors)
Porttypesmustmatch
module DaysInMonth(M,LY,D28,D29,D30,D31); DaysInMonth(M LY D28 D29 D30 D31); input [3:0] M; // encoded value of month // Jan = 0000, Feb = 0001, etc // 1 if leap year // // // // 1 1 1 1 if if if if month month month month has has has has 28 29 30 31 days days days days
module TestDays(); reg [3:0] M; reg LY; wire D28,D29,D30,D31; D28 D29 D30 D31; DaysInMonth D1 (M,LY,D28,D29,D30,D31); initial begin #10 LY= 1'bx; M= 4b0000; #10 M= 4b0001; LY= 0; #10 LY= 1; #10 LY LY= 1'bx; 1'b M= 4b0010; #10 M= 4b0011; #10 M= 4b0100; #10 M= 4b0101; #10 M= 4b0110; #10 # 0 M= 4b0111; b0 ; #10 M= 4b1000; #10 M= 4b1001; #10 M= 4b1010; #10 M= 4b1011; #20 $finish(); end endmodule

input LY; output output output output D28; D29; D30; D31;

// Jan // Feb

assign #6 D28 = ~M[3] & ~M[2] & ~M[1] & M[0] & ~LY; assign #6 D29 = ~M[3] & ~M[2] & ~M[1] & M[0] & assign #6 D30 = M[3] & ~M[0] M[0] | M[2] & ~M[1] & M[0] | ~M[3] & ~M[2] & M[1] & M[0]; M[3] & M[0] | ~M[3] & ~M[0] | M[2] & M[1]; LY;

// // // // // // // // // //

Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug ug Sep Oct Nov Dec

assign #6 D31 =

endmodule

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TestBenches withBuses

Busesbundledtogetherin waveformdisplayimprove readability d bilit

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module TestDays();

AlternativeTestBenches with Buses

M tools Most l provide id ameanstochange h di display l radix di

reg [3:0] M; reg LY; wire D28, D29, D30, D31; DaysInMonth D1 (M,LY,D28,D29,D30,D31); initial begin #10 LY= 1 1'bx; bx; M= 0; // Jan #10 M= 1; // Feb LY= 0; #10 LY= 1; #10 LY= 1'bx; M= 2; // #10 M= 3; // #10 M= 4; // #10 M= 5; // #10 M= 6; // #10 M= M 7; 7 // #10 M= 8; // #10 M= 9; // #10 M= 10; // #10 M= 11; //

Mar Apr May Jun Jul A Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

# #20 $ $finish(); (); end endmodule

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TestBenches withBehavioralCode
module TestDays(); reg [3:0]M; reg LY; wire D28, D29, D30, D31;

B h i lcode Behavioral d tofacilitate f ili creation i of ftestvectors Behavioralcodeforautomatingchecking e g consideramethodtoverifyamultiplierdesign e.g.

DaysInMonth D1 (M, LY, D28, D29, D30, D31); initial begin for (M = 0; M <= 11; M=M+1) begin LY = 0; #10; LY = 1; #10; end d $finish(); end endmodule

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D28 = M3 M2 M1 M0 LY D29 = M3 M2 M1 M0 LY

D30 = M3 M0 + M2 M1 M0 + M3 M2 M1 M0
D31 = M3 M0 + M3 M0 + M2 M1

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VerilogStructuralStyleModule
module DaysInMonth(M,LY,D28,D29,D30,D31); input [3:0]M; input LY; // encoded value of month // Jan = 0000, Feb = 0001, etc // 1 if leap year days days days days output D28; // 1 if month has 28 output D29; // 1 if month has 29 output D30; // 1 if month has 30 output D31; // 1 if month has 31 wire T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6; wire M3bar,M2bar,M1bar,M0bar,Lybar; not #(3,3) U1a(M3bar,M[3]), U1b(M2bar,M[2]), U1c(M1bar,M[1]), U1d(M0bar M[0]) U1d(M0bar,M[0]), U1e(LYbar,LY); and #(5,4) U2a(D28,M3bar,M2bar,M1bar,M[0],LYbar), U2b(D29,M3bar,M2bar,M1bar,M[0],LY); and #(5,4) U3a(T1,M[3],M0bar), ( , [ ], ), U4a(T2,M[2],M1bar,M[0]), U5a(T3,M3bar,M2bar,M[1],M[0]); or #(5,5) U6a(D30,T1,T2,T3); and #(5,4) U3b(T4,M[3],M[0]), U3c(T5,M3bar,M0bar), 3 ( 3 0 ) U3d(T6,M[2],M[1]); or #(5,5) U6b(D31,T4,T5,T6); endmodule

Wiredeclarationsomittedforbrevity Reflectsactualimplementation Primitives:or,and,nand,xor,xnor,nor,not Variablenumberofinputs Outputisfirstport Wiresused dtoconnectgateoutputs/inputs / Commaseparatedlistwillsharetpd Canhaveasymmetricdelays(tPLH tPHL)

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HierarchicalStructural Description

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TimingDiagrams

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TimingDiagrams

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