Flight AND Performance Planning: Private Pilot Licence

FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING
PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE

HELICOPTER MANUAL
SACAA-02
FOR EXAMINATION PURPOSES ONLY
SOUTH AFRICAN
CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY
SACAA-02
CONTENTS Page (i)
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - PERFORMANCE GRAPHS
Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page 1-1 .........Figure 1-2 .........Figure 1-3 .........Figure 1-4 .........Figure 1-5 .........Figure 1-6 .........Figure 1-7 .........Figure 1-8 .........Figure 1-9 .........Figure 1-10 .......Figure 1-1..............Airspeed System Calibration 1-2..............Density Altitude Graph 1-3..............Wind Component Graph 1-4..............Hover In Ground Effect Graph 1-5..............Hover Out of Ground Effect Graph 1-6..............Never Exceed Speed (Vne) Graph 1-7..............Normal Operating Speed (Vno) Graph 1-8..............Maximum Continuous Power Table 1-9..............Autorotation Performance 1-10............Height-Velocity Diagram
SECTION 2 - MASS AND BALANCE

Page 2-1 .........Figure 2-1..............Mass and Balance Loading Form Page 2-2 .........Figure 2-2..............Longitudinal CG Graph Page 2-3 .........Figure 2-3..............Lateral CG Graph
PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter
SACAA-02
AIRSPEED SYSTEM CALIBRATION
PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-1
140
120
CALIBRATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS
100
80
60
40
20
0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS
Figure 1-1: Airspeed System Calibration
SACAA-02
DENSITY ALTITUDE GRAPH
RD NDA STA
20,000 19,000 18,000 17,000 16,000 15,000 14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 -40 -30
18,
000
17,
000
000 16, 000 15, 000 14, 13,
DENSITY ALTITUDE
000 000 12, 000 11, 000 10, 0 900 800
SS RE
UR
IT ALT
UD
ES
0 700 0 600
500
0 0 0 300 0 200 0 100

SE
400
E AL
VE
-20
-10 0 10 TEMPERATURE - C
20
30
40
Figure 1-2: Density Altitude Graph
SACAA-02
WIND COMPONENT GRAPH
50
ANG 20 LE B AND ETWEE NW RU 30 NWAY - IND DI DEG REC REE TION S
65 D IN W 0 ITY 6 C LO S VE 55 OT KN 50
40
10
45
HEAD/TAIL WIND COMPONENT - KNOTS
30
40
40
30
35
20
25 20 15
50
60
10
10 5
70
80
90
100
-10
160
13 0 14 0 15 0
12
110
170
-20 0
10
20
30
40
50
CROSSWIND COMPONENT - KNOTS
Figure 1-3: Wind Component Graph
SACAA-02
HOVER IN GROUND EFFECT GRAPH
14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 STANDARD DAY 10,000

DENSIT
PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET
9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
Y ALTIT UDE 11 ,200 FT
-20 C -10
C C C 10 0 C 0 C 0 C + 0 +2 +3 +4
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
GROSS WEIGHT - POUNDS
Figure 1-4: Hover in Ground Effect Graph
SACAA-02
HOVER OUT OF GROUND EFFECT GRAPH
14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000

DENSIT
STANDARD DAY
9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000
Y ALTIT UDE 11 ,200 FT
-20 C -10
C C C 10 0 C 0 C 0 C + 0 +2 +3 +4
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
2100
2200
2300
2400
Figure 1-5: Hover Out of Ground Effect Graph
SACAA-02
NEVER EXCEED SPEED (VNE) GRAPH
9000 10 000 100 70 80 60
11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000
+20
+40 C
130
120
110
Figure 1-6: Never Exceed Speed Speed (Vne)
VNE - KIAS
90
50
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
-20
0 C
6000
7000
8000
SACAA-02
NORMAL OPERATING SPEED (VNO) GRAPH
9000 10 000 60 90 70 50
11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000
+20
+40
120
100
110
Figure 1-7: Normal Operating Speed Graph (Vno)
VNO - KIAS
80
40
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
-20
0 C
6000
7000
8000
SACAA-02
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER TABLE
MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER PRESSURE OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE - C ALTITUDE FEET -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 SEA LEVEL 22.4 22.6 23.0 23.4 23.6 24.0 24.4 22.2 22.4 22.6 23.0 23.2 23.6 23.8 2000 4000 22.0 22.2 22.4 22.6 22.8 23.0 23.2 6000 21.6 22.0 FULL THROTTLE FOR MAX TAKE-OFF POWER (5 MIN LIMIT) ADD 1.1 IN.HG
Figure 1-8: Maximum Continuous Power
SACAA-02
AUTOROTATION PERFORMANCE
16,000 15,000 14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
HORIZONTAL DISTANCE TRAVELLED - NAUTICAL MILES
Figure 1-9: Autorotation Performance
SACAA-02
HEIGHT - VELOCITY DIAGRAM
650 600 550
AVOID OPERATION IN SHADED AREAS
HEIGHT ABOVE GROUND LEVEL - FEET
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS 110 120 130 SEA LEVEL AT 2300 LBS 7000 FT DENSITY ALTITUDE AT 2000 LBS
Figure 1-10: Height Velocity Diagram
SACAA-02
MASS AND BALANCE LOADING FORM
MASS AND BALANCE Page 2-1
Weight (lbs) Basic Empty Weight Pilot and Fwd Passenger Fwd Baggage Aft Passengers and Baggage
Total Zero Fuel Weight
Arm Aft Datum (inches) 105.5 48.5 43.0 78.5
Moment (inch-pounds) 142425
1350
Main Fuel Aux Fuel Total Loaded Helicopter
104.0 103.0
NOTE: The Maximum All Up Weight of this helicopter is 2300 lb.
Figure 2-1: Mass and Balance Loading Form
SACAA-02
LONGITUDINAL CG GRAPH
2400 2300 2200
2100 2000 1900 1800 1700 1600 1500 1400
90
91
92
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 FUSELAGE STATION - INCHES FROM DATUM
101
102
Figure 2-2: Longitudinal CG Graph
SACAA-02
LATERAL CG GRAPH
4R 3R 2R
LATERAL CG - INCHES
1R 0 -1 L -2 L -3 L -4 L
Figure 2-3: Lateral CG Graph
SACAA-02
ALLOWABLE CG MOMENT VS GROSS WEIGHT GRAPH
2300
LOADED HELICOPTER WEIGHT - POUNDS
2000
1900
1800
1700
1600
1500
1400
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
AL L
2100
OW AB L
210
EM
2200
OM
EN T
220
230
LOADED HELICOPTER MOMENT - 1000 INCH-POUNDS
Figure 2-4: CG Moment Vs Gross Weight

Flight AND Performance Planning: Private Pilot Licence

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FLIGHT PERFORMANCE AND PLANNING

PRIVATE PILOT LICENCE

CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY

CONTENTS Page (i)

SECTION 2 - MASS AND BALANCE

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-1

CALIBRATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS

INDICATED AIRSPEED - KNOTS

Figure 1-1: Airspeed System Calibration

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-2

000 16, 000 15, 000 14, 13,

000 000 12, 000 11, 000 10, 0 900 800

0 0 0 300 0 200 0 100

Figure 1-2: Density Altitude Graph

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-3

HEAD/TAIL WIND COMPONENT - KNOTS

CROSSWIND COMPONENT - KNOTS

Figure 1-3: Wind Component Graph

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-4

14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 STANDARD DAY 10,000

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000

Y ALTIT UDE 11 ,200 FT

GROSS WEIGHT - POUNDS

Figure 1-4: Hover in Ground Effect Graph

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-5

HOVER OUT OF GROUND EFFECT GRAPH

14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000

Y ALTIT UDE 11 ,200 FT

GROSS WEIGHT - POUNDS

Figure 1-5: Hover Out of Ground Effect Graph

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-6

9000 10 000 100 70 80 60

11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000

Figure 1-6: Never Exceed Speed Speed (Vne)

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-7

NORMAL OPERATING SPEED (VNO) GRAPH

11 000 12 000 13 000 14 000 15 000

Figure 1-7: Normal Operating Speed Graph (Vno)

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-8

MAXIMUM CONTINUOUS POWER TABLE

Figure 1-8: Maximum Continuous Power

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-9

PRESSURE ALTITUDE - FEET

HORIZONTAL DISTANCE TRAVELLED - NAUTICAL MILES

Figure 1-9: Autorotation Performance

PPL Flight Planning Manual- Helicopter

PERFORMANCE GRAPHS Page 1-10

650 600 550