Cesar Chavez Academy 6th Grade Math Matrix (Tri 1)

PLC Decimals Skills - Place Value (100th's) - Rounding - Comparing/Ordering - Key Operation Words - Adding/Subtracting - Multiplying/Dividing Academic Vocabulary Addition: sum, increase, more than, plus, total, altogether, gain, deposit Subtraction: difference, decrease, less than, minus, loss, withdraw Multiplication: double, product, times, triple, twice, of Division: each, quotient, divisible Order of Operations Integers - Exponents - Order of Operations - # line - compare - order - absolute value - opposites - adding - subtracting - multiplying - dividing - Expressions w/ phrases - Expressions w/ word problems - Evaluating Expressions - Equations w/ word problems - Solving Equations (single step w/ equations) + integers base, power absolute value, opposite, # line, integer, compare, order

Algebraic Expressions Equations

variable, algebraic expression, evaluate, substitution, constant, coefcient variable, inverse operation, coefcient, constant, expression, isolate

Triangles & Quadrilaterals

- classify triangles - solve for missing angle - classify quads - solve for missing angle (interior angle bisected) - congruency marks

Triangle Sides: scalene, isosceles, equilateral Triangle Angles: acute, obtuse, right, corresponding Quads: rhombus, square, rectangle, trapezoid, rectangle

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

PLC

Skills

Academic Vocabulary vertical, complementary, supplementary, exterior & interior angles, straight & right angle

Angle Pairs - angle pairs (Missing Angles) - multi-step missing angles

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Place Value
Videos: Place Value 1, Place Value 2 Practice: Place Value, Place Value w/ Decimals

The value given to the space a digit holds because of its place in a numeral. These values are named according to the spot each takes up. Example:

Rounding
Videos: Rounding Whole #s 1, Rounding Whole #s 2, Rounding Decimals Practice: Rounding Numbers

Rewriting a number as its nearest multiple of 10, 100, 1,000, and so on.If the circled number to the right of the place you are rounding to is 04, the number stays the same. If it is 59, the number rounds up to the next greater number. The rest of the numbers to the right of the original number become zeros. Example 1: Round 3,294 to the nearest thousand. Look at the number in the place you are rounding; underline it and circle the number right after it. 3,294 The circled number to the right of the 3 is 2, so the 3 will stay the same. The rest of the numbers will change to zeros. Therefore, 3,294 rounds to 3,000 when rounding to the nearest thousand.

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Example 2: Round to the nearest 10 566 > 562 > 3,049 > Round to the nearest 100 570 560 3,050

566 > 600 536 > 500 76,824 > 76,800 Round to the nearest 10,000 64,340 > 868,473 > 406,299 > 60,000 870,000 410,000

Examples: 1) .7 = 7 tenths 2) 3.5 = 3 and 5 tenths 3) .78 = 78 hundredths 4) 9.34 = 9 and 34 hundredths 5) .983 = 983 thousandths 6) 23.802 = 23 and 802 thousandths

Comparing Decimals
Videos: Comparing Decimals, Using a Number Line to Compare Decimals

To determine which decimal is larger or smaller, place value must be compared.

1. Line up the decimal points. 2. Compare tenths, then hundredths, and then thousandths.

1 Line up decimal points 0.41 0.275 2 Look at place value: 4 tenths is larger than 2 tenths, so 0.41 is larger than 0.275 Key Operation Words Addition: sum, increase, more than, plus, total, altogether, gain, deposit
Subtraction: difference, decrease, less than, minus, loss, withdraw

Multiplication: double, product, times, triple, twice, of Division: each, quotient, divisible

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Adding Decimals
Videos: Adding Decimals 1, Adding Decimals 2 Practice: Adding Decimals

1. 2. 3. 4.

Line up the decimal points so that the place value is in line. Change all whole numbers into decimals (7 = 7.00, 23 = 23.00) Add as normal. Zeros can be added after the decimal point in order to make adding easier, and it wont change the answer. Bring the decimal point straight down into the answer.

Examples: .75 + 2 + 1.674 = .750 2.000 + 1.674 4.424 3.5 + .46 = 3.50 + .46 3.96 .4 + 3 + .27 = .40 3.00 + .27 3.67

Subtracting Decimals
Videos: Subtracting Decimals 1, Subtracting Decimals 2 Practice: Subtracting Decimals, Adding & Subtracting Decimals with Word Problems

1. 2. 3. 4.

Line up the decimal points so that the place value is in line. Change all whole numbers into decimals (7 = 7.00, 23 = 23.00) Subtract as normal. Zeros can be added after the decimal point in order to make subtracting easier, and it wont change the answer. Bring the decimal point straight down into the answer.

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Multiplying Decimals
Videos: Multiplying Decimals 1, Multiplying Decimals 2 Practice: Multiplying Decimals

1. 2. 3.

Write and solve the problem as normal. Count the total number of places after each decimal in the numbers being multiplied. Position the decimal the same number of places in the answer.

Dividing Decimals
Videos: Dividing Decimals 1, Dividing Decimals 2, Dividing Decimals 3, Dividing Decimals 4 Practice: Dividing Decimals

Division Terms:

1) Rational Number: Any number that can be written as a ratio, decimal, and fraction (Ex: 3, 3.00, or 3/1). 2) Terminating Number: A number that stops dividing after a number of decimal points. It does not go on forever (Ex: .34, 3.45) 3) Irrational Number: A number that cannot be written as a ratio, decimal, or fraction since it goes on forever and never terminates (Ex: = 3.1415926535897932384626433832795 (and more...) 4) Non Terminating Number: A number that will not terminate or stop dividing and go on forever. 5) Quotient: The answer to a division problem 6) Dividend & Divisor: The dividend is the number that is to be divided while the divisor is the number the dividend is being divided by.

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Decimal in the dividend only: 1. 2. 3. 4. Write the problem as normal. Bring the decimal point straight up. Divide as normal. No remainders. You must add a zero in the dividend, drop it, and continue dividing.

Example:

Decimal in the dividend and divisor: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Move the decimal in the divisor all the way to the right. Move the decimal in the dividend the same number of times as was done in the divisor. Bring the decimal in the dividend straight up. Divided as normal. No remainders. You must add a zero in the dividend, drop it, and continue dividing.

Example:

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Exponent
Videos: Exponents 1, Exponents 2 Practice: Exponents

A small symbol placed above and to the right of a number or letter that shows how many times the base is to be multiplied by itself. Example: 64 = 6 x 6 x 6 x 6, so 64 = 1,296 b3 = b x b x b 57 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 x 5, so 57 = 78,125 72 = 7 x 7, so 72 = 49

Order of Operations
Videos: Operations 1, Operations 2, Operations 3, Operations 4 Practice: Order of Operations

A set of rules agreed upon by mathematicians that outline the steps to take when solving multioperational problems. These rules help reduce confusion when solving problems and ensure that the same answer can be reached every time. Rules: 1) Complete the work in parentheses (or brackets) first. 2) Simplify exponents. 3) Multiply or divide from left to right. 4) Add or subtract from left to right. Example: 62 + 15 x (1 + 3) 5 = 62 + 15 x 4 5 = 36 + 15 x 4 5 = 36 + 60 5 = 36 + 12 = 48

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Sometimes problems may not have all of the components listed above (parentheses, exponents, multiplication/division, and addition/ subtraction). If so, continue down the list of steps until you reach a step that fits the problem. Example: (There are no parenthesis or exponents, so start on rule 3) 93+2x6= 9 3 + 12 = 6 + 12 = 18

Number Line
Videos: Number Line 1, Decimals on a Number Line Practice: Number Line 1, Number Line 2, Number Line 3, Decimals on a Number Line 1, Decimals on

a number line 2

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Comparing Integers (Integers are counting numbers, their opposites, and zero)
Videos: Comparing Integers 1

1) Create a number line 2) Negative integers are always smaller than positive integers 3) Puts dots on the number line for each integer 4) The integer that is on the left is always the smaller integer of the set of integers

Absolute Value
Videos: Absolute Value 1, Absolute Value 2, Absolute Value 3, Absolute Value 4 Practice: Finding Absolute Value, Comparing Absolute Values

The absolute value of a number is its distance from zero. Example: |+4| = 4 and |-4| = 4

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Opposites Opposites are numbers that are the same distance from zero. Therefore, -6 and 6 are opposites. Example: -(6) means the opposite of 6 which is -6 6) means the opposite of -6 which is 6

Adding Integers
Videos: Adding Integers w/ Same Signs, Adding Integers w/ Diff Signs 1, Adding Integers w/ Diff Signs 2 Practice: Adding & Subtracting Integers

When the signs are the same: 1) Positive + Positive = Positive (+5) + (+10) = (+15) 2) Negative + Negative = Negative (-3) + (-4) = (-7)

When the signs are different: If the signs are different (one is positive and one negative) you must subtract. The larger number goes on top and use the sign of the larger number in your answer. (+9) + (-12) = (-3) (-10) + (+4) = (+6)

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Using a number line to add integers: 1) If the second integer is positive then you move right on the number line 2) If the second integer is negative then you move to the left on the number line

Subtracting Integers (Add the second integers opposite)

Videos: Subtracting Integers Practice: Adding & Subtracting Integers
Subtracting Integers 1) Change the subtraction sign into a plus sign 2) Change the sign of the 2nd integer 3) use addition rules to add Example: (-10) - (+3) = (-10) + (-3) = -13 Example: (+7) (+2) = (+7) + (-2) = +5

Area of a rectangle or square Area = Length x Width (A=lw) (area is always squared) Example: 2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

larger #. Example: (-10) + (+3) = -7 Multiplying Example: Integers (+15) + (-6) = +9

Videos: Multiplying Integers 1 Practice: Multiplying & Dividing Multiply & Dividing IntegersIntegers

Area of a rectangle or square Area = Length x Width (A=lw) (area is always squared) Example: Subtracting Integers

Example: (+54) (-6) = -9 2) If the signs of the integers are different (one is positive and one negative) then you must subtract. Theof larger # goes on top and use the sign of the Area a triangle larger Integers #. Dividing Area = 1/2(-10) x base x height Example: + (+3) = -7 (A= 1/2bh) Videos: Dividing Integers 1+9 (area is always squared) Example: (+15) + (-6) =
Practice: Multiplying & Dividing Integers

1) If the signs of the integers are the same then your answer is always positive (+) Example: (+5) x (+4) = +20 Adding Integers Example: (-12) (-3) = +4 1) If the integers have the same sign (either both positive negative) you just 2) If theor signs of thethen integers are add different then Example: (+5) + (+4) = +9 your answer is always negative (-) Example: (-4) + (-3) = -7 Example: (-10) x (+3) = -30

Area = 98cm Example: (+7) (+2) = (+7) + (-2) = +5 Area of a parallelogram

1) Change the subtraction sign into a plus 2) Change the sign of the 2nd integer 3) use addition rules to add Example: (-10)x- Width (+3) = Area = Length (-10) Area = 14 x 7 + (-3) = -13

Area = base x height (A= bh) (area is always squared) Area of a rectangle or square Area = Length x Width (A=lw) (area is always squared) Example:

Multiply & Dividing Integers 1) If the signs of the integers are the same then your answer is always positive (+) Example: (+5) x (+4) = +20 Example: (-12) (-3) = +4 Example: 2) If the signs of the integers are different then your answer is always negative (-) Example: (-10) x (+3) = -30 Example: (+54) (-6) = -9 Area 1/2 x base x height Area = of a triangle Area = 1/2 x 12 x 15 Area Area = =180/2 1/2 x base x height (A= 1/2bh) Area = (area is90m always squared)

Example: Area = Length x Width Area = 14 x 7 Area = 98cm Area of a parallelogram Area = base x height Area = 15 x 5 Area Area = =75cm base x height (A= bh) (area is always squared)

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Expressions with Phrases

Practice: Writing Expressions, Writing Expressions 2

Terms: 1) Algebraic Expression - a mathematical phrase that has at least one variable and one operation (+, -, x, ) Example: 6n (multiplication), n + 6 (addition), n - 6 (subtraction), n/6 or 6/n (division) 2) Evaluate - to determine the value or amount 3) Variable (unknown quantity) - a quantity that can be change or vary and is often represented by a letter. Example: 5n + 4 (n is the variable or unknown quantity)

4) Coefficient - The numerical part of an algebraic expression Examples: 3x2 2y 5(a + b) 3 is the coefficient. 2 is the coefficient. 5 is the coefficient.

5) Constant - a number that is on its own, or a fixed number Example: 5n + 4 (4 is the constant)

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Phrases: Word Phrase 3 more than a number n 6 less than a number n ve times a number n a number divided by 4 4 divided by a number n ve less than three times a number n
R A D E

Operation addition subtraction multiplication division division multiplication & division division & subtraction

Algebraic Expression n+3 n-6 5n n/4 4/n 3n - 5 n/4 - 3

two less than a number n divided by 4

CA L I F O R N I A S TA N DA R D S T E S T

Math

Released Test Questions

Expressions with Word Problems

46

ASubstitute telephone company charges $0.05 per minute 48 The steps Quentin took to evaluate the 1) any number for the variable for local calls and $0.12 per minute for longexpression 3 m 3 3 when m = 8 are 2) Determine which operation would be used to solve the problem once the variable is substituted shown below. distance calls. Which expression gives the total cost in dollars for x minutes of local calls and 3) Use your operation words y minutes ofkey long-distance calls? if possible 3m 3 3 when m = 8 38 = 24 4) correct the problem 0.0the 5x + 0.12 y expression to match the operation to be used to solve 24 Awrite 3 = 21 21 3 = 7 B 0.05 x 0.12 y C D 0.17( x + y) 0.17xy
CSM01299

What should Quentin have done differently in order to evaluate the expression? A B C D divided (24 3) by (24 3) divided (24 3) by (24 3) subtracted (3 3) from 24 subtracted 3 from (24 3)
CSM10804

Example:

47

Rita is moving a pile of 120 rocks by hand to build a rock wall. If h represents the number of rocks that she can carry in one load, which expression represents the total number of loads needed to move the entire pile of rocks?

1) Substitute a number for the variable h. Lets use 49 4, so that will represent Rita 8 + 8that 2 + 2 =can move 120 + in h one load. A 4 rocks A 4 2) No key operation words can help us here. Since Rita needs to move 120 rocks and can only B 8 of loads needed is to divide 4 at a time, the only way to nd out the total amount B move 120h 3) So our expression will be 120/4 which is 120/n whenC we 10 re-substitute the variable.
2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

120 h

14
CSM02058

Evaluating Expressions
Videos: Expressions 1, Expressions 2, Expressions w/ 2 Variables Practice: Evaluating Expressions w/ 1 Variable, Evaluating Expressions w/ 2 Variables

1) Determine the operation to be used based on the algebraic expression 2) Substitute the number given for the variable 3) Solve or evaluate using order of operations
Example: Evaluate the expression 3n + 2 when n = 5 1) This expression includes two operations (multiplication and addition) 2) Next substitute 5 for the variable n 3) Your problem will now look like this: 3 x 5 + 2 4) Based on the order of operations, we must first multiply then add 5) Our problem will be solve in the following manner: 3 x 5 + 2 (multiply first) 15 + 2 (now add) 17 (our answer) Equations with Word Problems 1) Determine the operation that would be used to solve the problem normally (try using the key operation words) 2) Write the equation that would allow you to perform the operation to solve the problem 3) The equation is always the opposite or inverse of the operation used to solve the problem. For example if you need to add to solve the problem then you would write a subtraction equation and if you need to multiply to solve the problem then you would need to write a division equation to solve the problem. 4) Your variable will be the unknown quantity that is to be found. Example: Lindsi had 8 apples on Monday and then lost 2 on Wednesday, how many apples does she have left. 1) First determine the operation to solve the problem. The key words have left and lost indicate that subtraction is the operation to use. 2) The correctly solve this problem we need an equation that will give us 8 - 2. 3) Since we need to subtract, we will write an equation with the opposite or inverse operation which would be addition. 4) Our variable is the unknown quantity this is to be found. 5) The equation would be x + 2 = 8 6) When worked out, the equation will give us the operation we need of 8 - 2.

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Solving Single Step Equations (equations with only one operation)

Videos: Single Step 1, Single Step 2, Single Step 3, Single Step 4 Practice: Single Step Equations

Terms: 1) Equation - a number sentence that uses an equal sign. Everything on one side an equal sign has to equal everything on the other side. Equations normally have a variable or unknown quantity that must be found to make the number sentence true. 2) Inverse Operation - Operations that are opposite and undo each other. Addition and subtraction are inverses of each other as well as multiplication and division. 3) Variable (unknown quantity) - a quantity that can be change or vary and is often represented by a letter. Example: 5n + 4 (n is the variable or unknown quantity) 4) Coefficient - The numerical part of an algebraic expression Examples: 3x2 2y 5(a + b) 3 is the coefficient. 2 is the coefficient. 5 is the coefficient.

5) Constant - a number that is on its own, or a fixed number Example: 5n + 4 (4 is the constant)

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Solving One Step Equations: 1) Perform the inverse or opposite operation to both sides of the equations in order to isolate or get the variable all by itself. 2) Evaluate or solve each side of the equation. 3) Check your answer by substituting your answer for the variable. Both sides of the equal sign should equal each other if your answer is correct. Examples:

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Classifying Triangles
Practice: Classifying Triangles

Triangle - A polygon with three segments as sides and three angles. The sum of the three angles of a triangle equals 180 degrees. Classifying Triangles by Sides: 1) Scalene Triangle - A triangle with no sides congruent or the same length. All of its angles will be different sizes as well.

2) Isosceles Triangle - A triangle with two opposite sides congruent or the same length. The base angles opposite the equal sides will also be equal.

3) Equilateral Triangle - A triangle with all sides congruent or the same length. The angles are also all congruent and will always be 60 degrees.

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Classifying Triangles by Angles 1) Acute Triangle - A triangle with all acute angle (less than 90 degrees).

2) Obtuse Triangle - A triangle with one obtuse angle (more than 90 degrees).

3) Right Triangle - A triangle with one right angle (exactly 90 degrees)

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Finding Missing Angles of Triangles

Video: Triangle Missing Angles Practice: Triangle Missing Angles

1) Add the two angles that are present together 2) Subtract by 180 (all three angles in a triangle must add up to 180 degrees) Example: (find the measure of ABC)

1) add the two given angles together (39 + 55 = 94) 2) subtract 94 from 180 (180 - 94 = 86) 3) ABC = 86

For Isosceles Triangles: 1) Subtract the given angle from 180 2) divide your answer by two (both angles opposite the congruent sides are equal which is why you divide by 2) Example: (find the measure of ACB and BAC)

1) Subtract 120 from 180 (180 - 120 = 60) 2) Divide your answer (60) by two since the base angles are congruent (60 2 = 30) 3) So both angles are 30

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Classifying Quadrilaterals (A Polygon with Four Sides. All angles add up to 360)
Videos: Quadrilaterals Practice: Classifying Quadrilaterals

1) Square - a quadrilateral with four right angles and all sides congruent or the same length. A square can also be a rectangle, a rhombus, and a parallelogram.

2) Rectangle - a quadrilateral with four right angles. A rectangle is also a parallelogram.

3) Parallelogram - a quadrilateral with two pairs of opposite sides parallel. The opposite sides and angles congruent.

Rhombus - a quadrilateral with all sides congruent. A rhombus is also a parallelogram and a square.

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

5) Trapezoid - a quadrilateral with one pair of opposite sides parallel. An Isosceles trapezoid is one with both base angles congruent.

Finding Missing Angles of Quadrilaterals

Practice: Missing Angles of Quadrilaterals

1) Add the given angles together 2) subtract your answer from 360 (all 4 angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360) Example: (Find the measure of PQR)

1) Add the given angles together (120 + 60 + 70 = 250) 2) Now subtract your answer (250) from 360 since all four angles in a quadrilateral add up to 360 (360 - 250 = 110) 3) So PQR is 110

Example: (When Missing Angle is Bisected) Find the measure of MNO

1) Add all of the given angles together (55 + 125 + 55 = 235) 2) Subtract your answer (235) from 360 (360 - 235 = 125) 3) The measure of MNO is 125

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Congruency Marks ( means congruent or the same size and shape) Congruency Marks - The corresponding congruent sides of triangles are marked with small straight line segments called hash marks. The corresponding congruent angles are marked with arcs.

Examples: 1) ABC DFE 2) Line CB Line FE

Angle Pairs
Videos: Complementary & Supplementary, Complementary & Supplementary 2, Measuring Angles Practice: Angle Types, Corresponding & Congruent Angles, Supplementary, Complementary, Vertical, Complementary & Supplementary, Measuring Angles

Terms: 1) Angle - a figure formed by two rays, called sides, that share a common endpoint called a vertex.

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Angle Pairs 1) Complementary Angles - Two angles whose measures add up to 90 degrees.

2) Supplementary Angles - Two angles whose measures add up to 180 degrees

3) Vertical Angles - A pair of angles that are formed by intersecting lines and have no side in common.

4) Corresponding Angles - When two lines are crossed by another line (called a transversal) the matching corner angles are corresponding angles and are congruent (same measure).

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Multi-Step Missing Angles

Videos: Missing Angles 1, Missing Angles 2, Missing Angles 3, Missing Angles 4 Practice: Multi-Step Missing Angles, Multi-Step Missing Angles 2

1) Highlight the missing angle that is to be found 2) Decide what other angles need to be found in order to find the angle that you need 3) Use your knowledge of triangles (all angles add up to 180), quadrilaterals (all angles add up to 360), supplementary angles (add up to 180) complementary angles (add up to 90), and vertical angles (opposite angles that are congruent) to help find any angles that you need. Example 1: (Find JGI)

Step 1: Highlight the angle that is to be found

Step 2: Use supplementary angles. Notice that EGJ and JGI are supplementary angles and thus should together add up to 180 degrees.

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Step 3: Add EGK and KGJ (46 + 83 = 149). This gives you EGJ Step 4: Now subtract 149 from 180 (180 - 149 = 31). This will give you JGI Step 5: JGI = 31

Example 2: (Find EFB)

Step 1: Highlight the angle that is to be found

48

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy

Step 2: See what other angles you need to help you find your answer Notice that EFB is in a triangle. You know that all 3 angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees. If you knew EBF then you could add that to BEF and then subtract it from 180 to get your answer. We need to find what EBF is.

Step 3: Find BEF Notice that EBF is vertical to 48. Remember that vertical angles are opposite angles that are congruent which means that EBF is also 48. Step 4: Finding EFB

Now add EBF (48) and BEF (66) together. 48 + 66 = 114 Next subtract 114 from 180 since all of the angles in a triangle add up to 180 180 - 114 = 66 EFB = 66

2012 Greg Kozak & Megan Murphy