Coed anm & wn eR ee ee SSCHR AAA A WHR S Table of Contents Introduction, Types of Ships and IMO Regulations Chemistry of Gases Basic Thermodynamic Theory Chemical and Physical Gas Laws Sources of Ignition Static Electricity Distribution of Vapour Gas Measurement Equipment Gas Reliquefaction Plants Piping Systems in Gas Tankers Cargo Calculations Personnel Protection and Life Saving Fire Fighting Inert Gas Systems Loading, Safety Check List and Filling Limits Loaded Passage Handbooks Entry into Enclosed Spaces Discharging and the Use of Pumps AbbreviationsLa Course: Safety and Operations in Gas Carriers. Aim of Course Hazards Precautions The course is intended to inform the participants of the particular hazards existing on board gas tankers and of the precautions rendered necessary to meet and to elimi- nate these hazards. The course has been prepared in accordance with the IMO-convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping agreed upon 5. of July 1978 in Lon- don and amended 1995. The items presented during the course are based upon experience of Danish shipping companies, upon results from investigations in the big oil companies and upon publications and handbooks pre- pared by international organisations and societies. The most predominant hazards on gas tankers are: Fire and explosions Toxicity Pollution Damage to the ship and contamination To protect the crew, the ship and the cargo, precautions may be implemented in the following fields: Construction of the ship Arrangement and equipment of the ship Behaviour and education of the crew. The construction of gas tankers is governed by rules laid down by IMO and the classification societies, but still the shipping companies can build ships of higher standards and with still more advanced equipment. Yet neither the construction of a ship nor the arrange- ment and equipment can eliminate risks totally, if not the crew is behaving in such a way, that they stick to rules and are aware of hazards. Particularly in port the crew has to be informed on local rules and precautions taken against certain dangerous products. In most companies you will meet regulations common to the ships of the company, and those rules of course must be followed by everyone on board. General safety precautions for gas tankers are published by international organisations e.g.IMO STCW Regulation V/1 1.2 I.C.S.: Tanker Safety Guide (Liquefied Gas). IMO: Different publications on Conven- tions and Recommendations. OCIMF: Safety Guide for Terminals Handling Ships carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk US Coast Guard: CFR 46 part 154 Some of the many precautions mentioned in the follow- ing course might seem unnecessary, but the rules are made from experience gained after accidents, and if any- body claims, that he has violated the rules and nothing has happened, he has just been lucky. Violation of the safety rules are often caused by incon- siderateness or lack of understanding, and during the course we will make a point of explaining the back- ground of the different regulations. The wording of the regulation is shown beneath: CHAPTER V Special training requirements for personnel on certain types of ships Regulation V/1 Mandatory minimum requirements for the training and qualification of masters, officers and ratings on tankers 1 Officers and ratings assigned specific duties and responsi- bilities related to cargo or cargo equipment on tankers shall have completed an approved shore-based firefighting course in addition to the training required by regulation VI/1 and shall have com- pleted: 7 at least three months of approved seagoing service on tankers in order to acquire adequate knowledge of safe operational practices; or an approved tanker familiarization course covering at least the syllabus given for that course in section A-V/1 of the STCW Code, so however that, the Administration may accept a period of su- pervised seagoingservice shorter than that prescribed by sub- paragraph . 1, provided: 7 4 5 the period so accepted is not less than one month; the tanker is of less than 3,000 gross tonnage; the duration of each voyage on which the tanker is en- gaged during the period does not exceed 72 hours; and © Marstal Navigationsskole okt-96