SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT IN BEAMS A BEAM is a structural member subjected to transverse loads.

Types of Beams I - DETERMINATE BEAMS- are those in which the reactions can be determined by equations of equations of equilibrium. II - INDETERMINATE BEAMS- are those in which the reactions can not determined by equations of equilibrium alone . Examples of determinate beams : 1. SIMPLE BEAM - one that is supported by a hinge at one end and a roller at the other end. Illustration:

2. OVERHANGING BEAM - is a simple beam with extending portions beyond one or both supports. Illustration:

3. CANTILEVER BEAM - one that is fixed or restrained at one end and free at the other end . Illustration:

Examples of indeterminate beams : 1. PROPPED BEAM - one that is fixed at one end and simply supported at the other end . Illustration:

2. FIXED or RESTRAINED BEAM - one that is fixed at both ends. Illustration:

3. CONTINUOUS BEAM - is a long beam containing several spans with three or more supports.

Illustration: Types of loading a} Concentrated or Point load b} Uniformly distributed load c} Uniformly varying load i} Triangular load diagram ii} Trapezoidal load diagram d} Couple or eccentric load PRINCIPLES OF SHEAR AND BENDING MOMENT IN BEAMS 1. Shear at section {Vx} Vx = {F} Or Vx = {F} +l l-l l+

2. Bending moment at section {Mx} Mx = {M} = {M} +}

3.. Resisting shear at section {Vr} Vr = Vx Note: if Vx = l : Vr = l If Vx = l : Vr = l

4. Resisting moment at section {Mr} Mr = Mx Note: if Mx = } if Mx = { : Mr = { : Mr = }

5. Shear Diagram {V-diag} It is the graphical representation of shear values at every section of any loaded beam 6. Moment Diagram {M-diag} It is the graphical representation of moment values at every section of any loaded beam. Illustration: