Calabarzon Devt Plan 04-10

Region IV-A: CALABARZON Development Plan 2004-2010
Philippine Copyright @ 2004 National Economic and Development Authority Regional Office IV-A (CALABARZON) Printed in Quezon City, Philippines ISSN 0000-0000
Message
MALACAAN PALACE Manila
The basic task of the Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP) for the period 2004-2010 is to fight poverty by building prosperity for the greatest number of Filipinos. The MTPDP is the roadmap through which we shall achieve the 10-point legacy agenda to create jobs, promote livelihood opportunities, strengthen the educational system, attain fiscal stability, decentralize development, intensify the delivery of public services and achieve national harmony. As accompanying documents of the MTPDP, the Regional Development Plans (RDPs) spell out the respective regions contributions to the achievement of the 10-point agenda. The RDPs in line with the MTPDP, contain specific strategies, programs and activities to promote regional productivity that would sustain overall economic growth. I commend the Regional Development Councils (RDCs) for spearheading the formulation of the RDPs. But beyond the formulation of these Plans lies the more difficult task of securing their successful implementation. Given a clear vision for social and economic transformation, a synergy of efforts at the national and local levels is necessary for the fruits of development to be enjoyed in every nook and corner of our archipelago.
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Our RDCs, particularly the LGUs, are in a better position to directly serve the public while encouraging the private sector and stimulating the business community into launching economic activities that bear broad economic and social returns. I ask our local executives through the RDCs to exercise leadership in the fulfillment of our medium-term goals. The unqualified support of every sector is indispensable. Our victory over poverty rests in the effective implementation of this Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan in all of our regions. With a collective heave of political will, we shall move our country forward to a new era of economic progress and political stability. It is our patriotic duty to bequeath this legacy to all Filipinos. Thank you and God bless us all!
GLORIA MACAPAGAL-ARROYO
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Message
NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Pasig City
I commend the officers and members of the Regional Development Council (RDC) for the formulation of the Medium-Term Regional Development Plan, RDP 2004-2010. This RDP serves as accompanying document of the Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP 2004-2010) and it presents the regions contribution in achieving the 10-point legacy of this Administration. This Plan embodies the RDCs role as prime mover of region development. This is expected to promote economic growth and create even more jobs than what are currently being generated in the region, particularly from micro, small and medium enterprises and agribusiness. More jobs will also be generated from housing and tourism development which are likewise expected to prosper with vigorous marketing and implementation of infrastructure support. Strategic and critical infrastructure projects identified in the plan are expected to stimulate trade and investments in the region by improving the demand and supply linkages within and outside the region. The objective should be to evolve compatible linkages of production and consumption within and among regions. Linkages of this type will help the regions to grow faster as their products will find larger markets, their capital will have wider opportunities, and they will have further diversified sources for their own supplies.
Wealth creation will flourish by the sustainable use of the regions natural resources through sound investments in mining, oil and gas exploration, and renewable energy sources, especially in regions with still untapped potentials. Given the countrys fragile ecosystem, the overall development efforts of the region will be complemented by specific measures to restore its environment. The basic needs of the people in the region will be ensured through the antipoverty measures that will enhance livelihood activities, provide asset reform, improve accessibility and affordability of essential services, protect the vulnerable groups, and empower the poor. In all of these efforts, the active participation of the local government units and the private sector is deemed vital. LGU resources should be mobilized to complement or even surpass national government efforts toward growth and prosperity. On the other hand, the partnership of the local government with the business community, responsive civil organizations and all major sectors in their localities is of critical importance to create new jobs and community wealth. To this end, let us all work together by forging alliances and dynamic partnership among all these major segments of society in order to ensure the successful implementation of the RDP. The challenge is now with all of us.
ROMULO L. NERI Socioeconomic Planning Secretary and NEDA Director-General
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Foreword
REGION IV-A DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL Quezon City
With the fresh mandate in the national leadership and the accompanying thrust and priorities embodied in the 10 Point Legacy of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, the regions foremost concern has been the formulation of a blueprint to respond to the development agenda. On behalf of the Regional Development Council IV-A, it is a great opportunity for me to present to you the Medium - Term Regional Development Plan for the CALABARZON Region. The CALABARZON Region boasts of a dynamic role in the national economy as the provider of high level of investments, employment and exports. Inspite of these gains, it is also faced with challenges brought about by emerging global issues that impact on the region. The formulation of the Medium Term Regional Development Plan 2004 2010 is an important milestone in our regions efforts to address local and global problems and promote economic and social development. Consistent with the countrys objectives of sustained economic growth, the Medium Term Regional Development Plan focuses on the need to institute appropriate policies, strategies, programs and projects and mechanisms. Imbued by these directions, the Plan translates the national thrusts and priorities into regional perspectives and imperatives.
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I call upon everybody to join us in ensuring the successful implementation of the Plan. I look forward to the active participation of the private sector to complement and augment the RDCs efforts in the delivery of quality programs and services. God bless!
RICHARD ALBERT I. OSMOND Chairman, RDC IV-A
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Preface
NEDA Regional Office IV-A (CALABARZON) Quezon City
The countrys future is critically dependent on the economic, social and environmental well being of the regions. The past years confronted the region with many challenges such as rapid globalization and advances in technology and in the Southern Tagalog Region homefront - its division into CALABARZON and the MIMAROPA Regions. Recently, some parts of the region have been severely devastated by typhoons requiring a more focused response to problems which emerged as a result of the disasters. The formulation of the Medium - Term Regional Development Plan (MTRDP) came at a time when the region is at the crossroads of development challenges. The Plan provides the policy framework and operating parameters in carrying out strategic interventions that address economic changes, population growth, transportation needs, environmental concerns and institutional reforms, among others. Consistent with the President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyos 10-Point Legacy, the Plan provides the roadmap which will shape the future of the region covering the period 2004 2010. The Plan serves as a blueprint of cooperation among the stakeholders and with the main actors and agents of development in the region. As the main coordinating agency for the formulation of the MTRDP, the NEDA IV-A Office spearheads consultations and workshops to ensure that the Plan reflects the views and sentiments of the concerned sectors. These activities generated valuable inputs in the formulation and refinement of the Plan and also served as venues for building consensus and firming up commitments among stakeholders.
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It is hoped that through the MTRDP CALABARZON would sustain its optimal role in the overall development of the national economy. I therefore wish to express my appreciation to all our partners in the region whose participation embodies the institutional and individual commitments of all concerned toward the realization of the vision of the Plan. Kapit-Bisig Tayong Lahat Tungo sa Kaunlaran!
SEVERINO C. SANTOS OIC-Regional Director
Table of Contents
Message .............................................................................................................. Message .............................................................................................................. Foreword .......................................................................................................... Preface ................................................................................................................ List of Acronyms ................................................................................................. List of Tables ...................................................................................................... List of Figures .................................................................................................... iii v vii ix xi xv xix
Introduction Part I Regional Development Framework

Vision ...................................................................................................... 5 Goals and Development Outcomes ......................................................... 5 Spatial Strategy ....................................................................................... 6
Part II
A. B. C. D. E. F. G.
Situational Analysis
Population ............................................................................................... 9 Macroeconomy ....................................................................................... 14 Labor, Employment and Leading Economic Indicators ............................ 17 Poverty Situation and Social Development Status ................................... 31 Infrastructure Development .................................................................... 47 Management of the Environment ............................................................ 56 Physical Planning and Governance ......................................................... 63
Part III
Strategic Outcomes and Actions

(Challenges, Objectives/Targets, Policies/Strategies and Programs/Projects)
Outcome 1: Increased Job Creation through Accelerated Economic Growth ........................................................... 73 Agrarian Reform, Agriculture and Fishery Modernization Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Tourism i
Outcome 2: Enhanced Social Development with Direct Poverty Reduction-Measures ................................................. Health and Nutrition Education and Training Social Welfare Housing Culture, Arts and Youth Outcome 3: Decentralized Development through Improved Infrastructure ..................................................................... Transportation (Roads, Ports, Rail) Telecommunications Power Generation, Transmission Network and Electrification Outcome 4: Sustainable Management of the Environment ................................. Forest Ecosystem Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Freshwater Ecosystem Minerals and Mines Biodiversity Urban Ecosystem Outcome 5: Improved Physical Planning and Effective Governance ......................................................................... Physical Planning E-Governance Peace and Order
83
90
95
99
Part IV
Advocacy for Plan Implementation
............................................... 103
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List of Acronyms
AADT ARBs ARCs ASEAN BIMP-EAGA Annual Average Daily Traffic Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries Agrarian Reform Communities Association of Southeast Asian Nations Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-Philippines-East Asian Growth Area CALA CALABARZON CARP CBR CCD CCT CDR CHED CKN CLUP CMTS CSO CSR DBM DepEd DIGITEL DILG DPP DPWH DSWD ECCD EEZ EIA Cavite-Laguna Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, Quezon Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Crude Birth Rate Customer Complaint Desk Clean Coal Technologies Crude Death Rate Commission on Higher Education CALABARZON Knowledge Network Comprehensive Land Use Plan Cellular Mobile Telephone Service Civil Society Organizations Cohort Survival Rate Department of Budget and Management Department of Education Digital Telecommunications Department of Interior and Local Government Diesel Power Plant Department of Public Highways Department of Social Welfare and Development Early Childhood Care and Development Exclusive Economic Zone Environmental Impact Assessment
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EO ER FDI FMR GASTPE GDP GGI GIS GMAC GRDP GVA HDI HEIs HH HU HVCC ICCS ICPD ICT IEs IEC IMR IRA IT IRS KALAHI KALAHI-CA KALAHI CIDSS LBP LGU LISR LISTA
Executive Order Energy Regulation Foreign Direct Investment Farm-to-Market Road Government Assistance to Private Education Gross Domestic Product Good Governance Index Geographic Information System Gabay Sa Mamamayan Action Center Gross Regional Domestic Product Gross Value Added Human Development Index Higher Education Institutions Household Housing Unit High Value Commercial Crop Indigenous Cultural Communities International Convention on Population and Development Information and Communication Technology Industrial Estates Information, Education and Communication Infant Mortality Rate Internal Revenue Allotment Information Technology International Reference Standard Kapit-Bisig Laban Sa Kahirapan Program Kapit-Bisig Laban Sa Kahirapan in Conflict Area Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social Services Land Bank of the Philippines Local Government Unit Luzon Island Strategic Road Development Network Luzon Island Transmission Augmentation Program
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MC MDG MFO MIMAROPA
Memorandum Circular Millennium Development Goal Major Final Output Mindoro Oriental and Occidental, Marinduque, Romblon, Palawan
MRT MSR MTPDP MTRDP NCC NCR NDA NDHS NDS NEAT NEDA NGO NGVPPT NHIP NISP NSAT NSCB NSO NTMs NTSB OD OPIF OSS PCER PCFC PEPT PEM
Manila Railway Transit Manila South Road Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan Medium-Term Regional Development Plan National Computer Center National Capital Region No Data Available National Demographic and Health Survey National Demographic Survey National Elementary Achievement Test National Economic and Development Authority Non-Government Organization Natural Gas Vehicle Program for Public Transport National Health Insurance Program National Internal Security Plan National Secondary Achievement Test National Statistical Coordination Board National Statistics Office Non-Tariff Measures National Training School for Boys Origin-Destination Organizational Performance Indicator Framework One-Stop-Shop Presidential Commission on Higher Education Peoples Credit and Finance Corporation Philippine Education Placement Test Protein-Energy Malnutrition
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PGR PLDT PNR PPFP PTCA PT & T RD RDC RGC RKCG RLA ROW RPFP RRTS SAFDZ S&T SLEX SMEs SOC SPUG SRNH STAR STISNET TFR UCPB UNDP URGD WSP YAFS ZOMAP
Population Growth Rate Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company Philippine National Railway Provincial Physical Framework Plan Parents, Teachers and Community Association Philippine Telegraphic and Transfer Company Research and Development Regional Development Council Regional Government Center Regional Kalahi Convergence Group Regional Line Agency Right-of-Way Regional Physical Framework Plan Roll-on-Roll-Off Terminal System Strategic Agriculture and Fisheries Development Zone Science and Technology South Luzon Expressway Small and Medium Enterprises Survey of Children Small Power Utilities Group Strong Republic Nautical Highway Southern Tagalog Access Road Southern Tagalog Information Sharing Network Total Fertility Rate United Coconut Planters Bank United Nations Development Programme Urban-Rural Growth Differential Work Simplification Procedure Young Adult and Fertility Survey Zone Management Plan
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List of Tables
Part I
Table
Regional Development Framework

1-1 Medium-Term Macroeconomic Targets ...................................... 6
Part II
A. Population Total Population and Percentage Share By Selected Regions, 1970-2000 ............................................... Total Population and Percentage Share by Province, CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 ........................................... Total Population and Percentage Share by Major Catchment/Cluster Areas, CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 ........................................... Population Growth Rate, CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 ........................................... Median Age, Sex Ratio and Age Dependency Ratio CALABARZON Region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 .......................... Percentage Distribution of Urban-Rural Population CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 ........................................... Estimated Population Doubling Time of CALABARZON Provinces and Catchment Areas ........................ Macroeconomy Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Southern Tagalog Region, 1992-2002 at Constant Prices (1985=100) .................................................. 15 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Selected Regions, at Constant Prices (1985=100) ..................... 15 Average Share by Industry, Southern Tagalog Region, 1993-2002 ........................................ 16 Labor, Employment and Leading Economic Indicators Labor Force and Employment CALABARZON Region, 1993-2002 ........................................... 17 Crop Production Performance in CALABARZON, 2000-2003 ........................................................ 21 Comparative Chicken and Egg Production, Selected Regions, 2003 (In Metric Tons) .................................... 22
Table
2-1 2-2 2-3
9 10
10 12 13 13 14
2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7
B. Table 2-8
2-9 2-10
C. Table 2-11 2-12 2-13
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2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19
2-20 2-21 2-22
Production and Value of Livestock and Poultry Subsectors in CALABARZON, 2001-2003 ...................... 22 Hog Production / Inventory Performance in CALABARZON, 1990-2002 ........................................................ 23 Chicken Production / Inventory Performance in CALABARZON, 1990-2002 ........................................................ 23 Status of Land Conversion in CALABARZON, 1984-1999 ........................................................ 27 Status of Agricultural Land Distribution in CALABARZON, 1987-2004 ........................................................ 27 Land Acquisition and Distribution Target By Year (In Hectares), CALABARZON Region, 2004-2010 ............................................ 28 Agrarian Reform Communities Launched in CALABARZON, 2004 ................................................................. 28 Foreign and Domestic Tourist Travel Movements By Region (In Thousands) ........................................................... 30 Distribution of Travelers in CALABARZON (In Thousands) .................................................... 30 Poverty Situation and Social Development Status Poverty Incidence by Province CALABARZON Region, 1991-2000 ............................................ Human Development Index (HDI) CALABARZON Region, 1997-2000 ............................................ Infant Deaths, CALABARZON Region, 1998-2002 ..................... Moderate and Severe Malnourished Pre-Schoolers CALABARZON Region, CY 2001 and 2002 ............................... Elementary Participation Rate, CALABAROZN Region, SY 1997-1998 to SY 2001-2002 ................................................. Secondary Participation Rate, By Division, CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to SY 2001-2002 (In Period) ........................................................... Elementary Cohort Survival, By Division, CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to SY 2001-2002 (In Period) ........................................................... Secondary Cohort Survival Rate, By Division CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to SY 2001-2002 (In Percent) ......................................................... Number of Schools in Elementary and Secondary Level CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2001-2002 ................ Elementary Class-Classroom Ratio By Division CALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995 to 1999-2000 ................ Secondary Class-Classroom Ratio By Division, CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 1999-2000 ................
D. Table 2-23 2-24 2-25 2-26 2-27 2-28
31 32 33 34 35
36
2-29
36
2-30
37 37 38 38
2-31 2-32 2-33
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2-34
2-35
2-36
2-37
2-38
2-39 2-40 2-41 2-42
2-43 2-44
2-45
Number of Barangays without Public Elementary Schools (ES) and Municipalities without Public High Schools (HS), CALABARZON Region, SY 2004 ................ Nationally and Locally Funded Teachers in Public Elementary Schools, CALABARZON Region, 2002-2003 ............................................ Nationally and Locally Funded Teachers In Public Secondary Schools, CALABARZON Region, 2002-2003 ............................................ Primary Teacher-Pupil Ratio By Division CALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995 to 2000-20001 (In Percent) ........................................................ Secondary Teacher-Pupil Ratio By Division CALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995 to 2000-20001 (In Percent) ........................................................ Abused Children Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 ........................................... Youth Offenders Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 ........................................... Abused Women Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 ........................................... Number of Persons with Disabilities and Senior Citizens Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 ........................................... Households to Occupied Housing Units, CALABARZON Region, 1960-2000 ........................................... Household Population of Occupied Housing Units By Type of Building and City/Municipality, 1990 - 2000 .......................................................................... Household in Occupied Housing Units By Tenure Status of the Housing Unit (Figures are estimates based on a 10% sample) CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 ........................................ Infrastructure Development Estimated ADDT (<10,000) Traffic Level, 1999 .......................... Road Densities and Paved Ratio by Province CALABARZON Region, 2000 .................................................... Distribution of Ports by Province, Classification and Status,CALABARZON Region, 1999 .................................. Inventory of Airports as of June 30, 2000 ................................... Installed Telephone Lines vs. Subscribed Telephone Lines, 1999 and 2002 ............................................... Existing Transmission Lines by Province, December 2002, CALABARZON Area (In Thousands) ........................................... Percentage Households who are using Electricity for Lighting and Percentage of Households who are using Electricity, Kerosene & LPG for Cooking ....................................
39
40
40
41
41 42 43 43
43 45
45
47
E. Table 2-46 2-47 2-48 2-49 2-50 2-51 2-52
49 50 51 52 53 55
55 xvii
F. Table 2-53 2-54 2-55
Sustainable Management of the Environment Issues and Concerns in Selected Protected Areas in CALABARZON ..................................................................... Land Area by Province and Major Land Classification CALABARZON Area (In Hectares) ............................................ Households by Main Source of Water Supply for Drinking and/or Cooking, CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample) ....................... Households by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample) ....................... Households by Kind of Toilet Facility Being Used CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample) ....................... Erosion by Province (In Hectares) .............................................. Physical Planning and Governance Good Governance Index (CGI) YR 2002 .................................... Report on the Financial Performance of 78 Provinces FY 2003 (All Funds in Thousand Pesos) .................................... Web Presence Status Summary by Region (As of May 31, 2003) .................................................................. LGUs with No Computer System ................................................ Top 10 Cities with Most and Least Number of Computers, Philippines, 2002 ........................................................................ Top 10 Municipalities in Terms of Computer Units ...................... Top 10 Provinces with Most and Least Number of Computers, Philippines, 2002 ........................................................................ 65 67 68 69 69 70 70
57 58
59
2-56
60
2-57
2-58 G. Table 2-59 2-60 2-61 2-62 2-63 2-64 2-65
61 62
Part III
Outcome 1: Increased Job Creation through Accelerated Economic Growth Table 3-1 Number of Jobs to be Created (000), CALABARZON Region, 2004-2005 ........................................... 78
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List of Figures
Part I
Figure

1-1 Spatial Strategy, CALABARZON Region ...................................... 7
Part II
A. Population Cathcment Areas, CALABARZON Region .....................................11 Age-Sex Population Pyramid, CALABARZON, 2000 ................................................................. 12 Labor, Employment and Leading Economic Indicators Percentage of Employed Persons by Industry And Urban-Rural, CALABARZON, 1994-2002 ............................ Value of Agricultural Production in CALABARZON, 2002 ................................................................. Total Crop in CALABARZON (in MT), 2003 ................................ Comparative Hog Production (in MT), 2003 ................................ Comparative Fishery Production (in MT), 2001-2003 ................. Distribution of Fishery Production By Province (in MT), 2000-2003 ................................................. Growth Performance of Fishery Sector in CALABARZON, 1994-2003 ........................................................ Distribution of Municipal Fishery Production by Province (in MT), 2000-2003 .................................................. Infrastructure Development Existing National Road Network, CALABARZON Region ............ Growth of Registered Vehicles, CALABARZON Region, 1995-2002 ............................................. Teledensity by Province, 2002 .................................................... Telephone Main Line Density, CALABARZON, 1999-2002 .......... Physical Planning and Governance Income Classification by City/Municipality, 2001 ......................... 66 48 49 53 54
Figure
2-1 2-2
C. Figure 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10
18 20 20 22 24 25 25 26
E. Figure 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 G. Figure 2-15
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Part III
Outcome 3: Decentralized Development through Improved Infrastructure Figure 3-1 Proposed and Pipeline Transport Projects ............................... 92
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Introduction
Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010
Guideposts to Medium-Term Development Planning for CALABARZON

This section gives a brief introduction of the policy environment (international, national, regional) which has been considered in the formulation of the CALABARZON Medium-Term Development Plan, 2004-2010. This environment as reflected in the various sections of this plan has had impact on the framework, principles, strategies and targets formulated for the long and medium-term periods. But it is emphasized that the Regional Development Plan took off from a comprehensive analysis of past and present situations of the region, identification of key issues and concerns and formulation of strategic interventions, i.e., those interventions that would yield greatest impact for regional development. The strategic interventions include the priorities set under the 10-Point Legacy Program of President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. opment, Beijing Platform on Women, among others. The MDG is an initiative of the UN. The the Philippines, as one of its member nations, is committed to implement the MDG which aims to reduce poverty and all forms of human deprivation. Eight MDGs have been set to be accomplished by 2015, among which are eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, reduction of child mortality and improvement of maternal health. The regional plan should be able to support the attainment of these goals, particularly in the area of poverty eradication. Agenda 21 or Sustainable Development. This is another of the countrys international commitments. The battlecry of sustainable development is meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future generations. The agreement among nations supporting the framework is to meet the basic needs of the population, reduce use of nonrenewable resources, produce fewer wastes with minimum pollution, preserve bio-diversity and protect and manage natural and physical assets. The pursuit of development in CALABARZON should therefore be along sustainability, i.e., development initiatives should take place in harmony with the environment. But an important component of this is a strong advocacy for localization or mainstreaming sustainable development into the local or ground level considering that it is at this local level where effects of intervention are felt. Trade Liberalization. All countries in the world who embraced trade liberalization are expected to adapt to the externalities of this new economic order. As barriers to trade and invest1
Global Context: Philippine Commitments as a Member of the Community of Nations

Planning in the global context applies not only on how the region would be able to participate and benefit from the new economic order that is globalization of markets and activities, but, it involves how the plan would be able to respond or contribute to major international commitments such as: Millennium Development Goals (MDG). One of the most comprehensive approaches to improving the quality of life of the citizenry is embodied in the MDG which integrates other international conventions such as the International Convention on Population and Development (ICPD), World Summit on Social Devel-
Introduction
ments are dismantled, each country should be ready to meet the competition arising from the enhanced flow of people, goods and services (and information) in and out of the country. A policy framework is now being deliberated on the possibility of making Association of Southe East Asian Nations (ASEAN) a common market, just like Europe, in the next two decades. Some countries in this ASEAN region are already having a headstart by entering into bilateral trade agreements with other countries in Asia, Europe and America. Even if policies are set at the national level, all regions including CALABARZON should be ready for a free trade regime by considering this eventuality in the task of regional planning and development.
eas benefit from forward planning for more optimal use of resources, effective urban management, better infrastructure facilities and social service amenities. Therefore, it is expected that urbanization will occur in harmony with the environment so that the regions diverse ecosystems will be protected - from the regions mountain tops down to the deeps of its living lakes and surrounding bodies of water.
National Context (Medium-Term): 10-Point Agenda for National Development

It can only be thus expected, that in the newly - formulated Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan (MTPDP), 2004 2010, CALABARZON will have important roles to play, albeit these may not be explicitly stated always, in the various policies, strategies and programs spelled out in the MTPDP. For example, the region will have to contribute actively in the wealth creation thrusts and growth strategy for the country to be able to help address poverty nationwide. This only means that CALABARZON has to deliver in helping attain the 10 point legacy of the Arroyo administration. Among the national development agendas basic tasks and fighting targets for the period 2004-2010 are: Creation of 10 million jobs by way of supporting three million enterpreneurs, giving them loans and helping them become good managers, thereby establishing a deep foundation for a broad middle class; developing two million hectares of agribusiness land, making them productive and their products transported to the markets efficiently. (By now, the region is estimated to have dislodged NCR as the region with the biggest population total in the country. Simply, in proportionate terms, CALABARZON should have the biggest contribution in the number of jobs to be created.
National Context (Long-Term): National Framework for Regional Development

CALABARZON is one of the countrys major economic hubs and a global industrial region. As described in the National Framework for Regional Development, CALABARZON together with the National Capital Region (NCR) and the industrial parts of Central Luzon, form part of the Metropolitan Manila Growth Network which is the countrys biggest aggrupation of urban areas performing various roles such as main industrial core, financial and commercial center, seat of national government, and transhipment points for goods and services for domestic and international distribution. CALABARZON holds the key to the possible expansion of NCR towards the eastern seaboard (Pasific side of Luzon) even if the regions main catchment areas have the capacity to absorb intensive economic activities and people. The clusters of cities and highly urbanizing municipalities within the periphery of NCR particularly in Laguna and Cavite are emerging metropolitan areas. But unlike NCR, those ar-
However, the expectations should be higher, considering that almost half of the total number of industrial estates in operation all over the country are located in the region which also contributes almost 50 percent to the national total in exports and investments. Aside from this, the region has a robust Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises [MSME] and one of the more diversified agriculture). In the area of education, ensuring that everyone of school age is in school, in an uncrowded classroom, in surroundings conducive to learning; 6,000 classrooms a year shall have been built and a computer put in every school. (The challenge here lies in the fact that the region is an in-migration area for people looking for work, host to housing development sites, a location area for resettlements of poor communities particularly those coming from NCR. Because of this, monitoring where the groups are is relatively easy. However, the magnitude of the gaps being experienced in the some areas renders provision of services a big challenge.) Decentralized development promotion via a network of modern transport and digital infrastructure to link the entire country. Such infrastructure will facilitate flow of goods and services between and among regions of the country. (CALABARZON is a vital component of the strong republic nautical highway particularly the improvement of the South Luzon Express Way [SLEX], its extension all the way to Batangas Port and completion of the Batangas Port which serves as the regions main gateway to other Philippine islands and to international destinations . In going to the southern islands through Bicol Region, improvement of various land transport routes and modes passing through to Lucena City should be improved including bottlenecks usually being experienced in most urban centers along such routes.)
Bring down poverty incidence from 34 percent to 17 percent (For its part, CALABARZON will endeavor to reduce regional poverty to a single digit level. Efforts to promote economic growth will be complemented by direct poverty reduction initiatives especially in identified poor communities in the region, about 10 percent of the total barangays of the region.) Increase growth to a sustainable 7 percent or more up to 2010; Increase investment rate from 19 percent of GDP to 28 percent of GDP in two years. Increase exports from $ 38billion to $ 50billion in two years. (In the area of investments and exports, national and local partnership will be encouraged to be able to promote the region locally and abroad as a preferred investment destination and quality source of exports.) Balancing the budget (While policies and programs will be initiated at the national level for better fiscal management, work at the regional and local levels will involve improving the mechanism and approaches for better collection of taxes and efficient use of public funds.) The coordinative role of the Regional Development Council (RDC) may be used to help promote this at the regional level. However, as their locus of effort is at the local level where a significant amount of resources is being generated as well as spent. Antipoverty measures (In CALABARZON, poverty is prevalent in both the urban and rural areas: in the communities near Metro Manila, and among families residing in the uplands and marginal fishing areas. Intensified and alternative sources of livelihood will be introduced for these families together with provision of basic social service in health, nutrition, water supply, rural electrification, among others. It is also in the poorest rural communities where government presence has to be strenghtened to counter the growth of insurgency in those areas).
Introduction
Long - Term Development Concerns in CALABARZON: Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP)
The RPFP provides the overarching framework for regional development and guides public and private investment decisions relating to land use. It is a long-term guide for the regions settlements development, production land use, protection land use and infrastructure development. Settlements development involves the location, scope and direction of urban growth in the region. As vital part of the Luzon industrial core, the region prepares itself for the projected increase in population and other production activities requiring new urban land by designating several clusters of highly urbanized and contiguous municipalities as catchment areas for urban growth. Production land use provides the spatial location and policies on sustainable management and utilization of production areas such as croplands, fishing areas, forestland, mining areas and industrial and tourism areas. As provider of food, raw or processed materials for industrial activities, the regions production areas shall capitalize on its proximity to NCR, MIMAROPA (Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and Palawan) and Bicol regional markets. Protection land use highlights the need for the conservation, rehabilitation and sustainable development of the regions natural and environment resources. It also delineates environmentally-constrained areas to safeguard the populace from environmental hazards. Infrastructure development indicates the
location and magnitude of infrastructure facilities essential to the improvement of access and mobility of people, goods and services within the CALABARZON, to adjoining regions, and the rest of the country.
Contents of the CALABARZON Medium Term Regional Development Plan

The CALABARZON MTRDP comprise three main parts: Part I talks about the Framework. It begins by stating the long-term development vision of the region over the next three decades as formulated in the existing Regional Physical Framework Plan (RPFP). It also enumerates the goals and development outcomes. The Regional Development Framework (RDF) likewise describes the preferred spatial strategy for CALABARZON, identifying in the process two main area development clusters and the corresponding operational strategies to promote growth and development of these clusters. Part II is a comprehensive analysis of seven major development concerns, namely population, macroeconomy, job creation through economic growth, social development and poverty, infrastructure and logistics support, sustainable management of the environment and physical planning and governance. Part III of the Plan has to do with the strategic outcomes and actions elaborated through the discussion and identification of challenges, objectives/ targets, policies/ strategies, programs and projects. One of the main concerns of this part is to operationalize the MTPDP. Finally, Part IV deals briefly with the specific advocacy and implementation strategies of the plan.
Part I Regional Development Framework

Vision
The MTRDP is anchored on the long-term vision of the region as spelled-out in the RPFP, to wit:
By the year 2030, CALABARZON would be a global economic hub, with minimum poverty, amidst a clean and balanced urban-rural environment and ecosystem. It would be a model, livable industrial region characterized by a highly urbanized and well-planned town clusters ideal for sustainable living. It would have a vibrant countryside that offers an outstanding alternative place to live, work and seek recreation. CALABARZON is served by a modern intermodal transportation and digital infrastructure providing the platforms for physical and economic integration within the region, to the rest of the country and with the global community. This is complemented by high-quality social service amenities accessible to all. The region has a citizenry whose creativity, competitive spirit, concern for the environment and fellowmen, and love of country are inspired by a government that leads by example, affinity to the regions heroes, and unwavering faith in God.
Goals and Development Outcomes

Toward this end, the MTRPD shall work for the achievement of the following goals: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Accelerate economic growth; Decrease unemployment; Reduce poverty incidence; Improve environmental quality; and Ensure equitable distribution of wealth.
2.
Enhanced social development with direct poverty-reduction measures Decentralized development through improved infrastructure Sustainable management of the environment Improved physical planning and effective governance
3.
4.
5.
The quantifiable targets for the mediumterm as follows: In pursuit of the above vision and goals, the plan shall ensure that the following regional development outcomes are achieved within the plan period: 1. Increased job creation through economic growth (See Table 1-1)
These outcomes (quantifiable targets are found in the next chapter) shall be achieved through the implementation of an effective spatial and sectoral strategies and implementation of relevant programs and projects by the regional agencies (RLAs), local government units (LGUs) and the private sector. An annual assessment of agency programs/projects will be conducted to ensure that major final outputs (MFOs) of 5
vices, levels and scales competitive Actual Plan Targets and comparable with Indicators (2003) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 those found in the Gross Regional Domestic Product (%) 3.8 4.3 4.7 5.2 5.5 6.1 6.6 7.0 metropolis. Its in* Agriculture 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 tended markets are * Industry 4.3 4.8 5.6 6.4 6.5 7.6 8.3 8.9 NCR, MIMAROPA and the Bicol Region. * Services 4.5 5.1 5.2 5.6 6.0 6.3 6.8 7.0 The cluster shall bear Unemployment Rate (%) 13.2 13.0 12.2 11.5 10.2 10.4 10.0 9.0 the concentration of Poverty (%) 1/ urbanization, manu* Poverty Incidence (Families) 13.05 11.05 9.05 facturing and pro* Subsistence Incidence (Families) 6.12/ 4.10 2.00 cessing activities 1/ Projection. The poverty incidence for the region which shall serve as the nucleus of the regional in 2000 was 16.05 % economy. The strategy recognizes urban devel2/ Projection. The susbsistence incidence in 2000 opment as a major factor of economic growth. was estimated at 8.1 % On the other hand, production and protection RLAs are attuned with the achievement of the areas generally comprise the non-urban growth cluster area of the region. It shall serve as the development outcomes. food basket and major raw material source of the region. The spatial strategy however, shall Spatial Strategy provide better interaction between the urban and The spatial strategy of CALABARZON non-urban growth clusters and promote the most supports the regions vision of a livable indus- efficient land uses (Figure 1-1). trial area. It shall help guide the regions planned economic activities, settlements development, Urban Growth Cluster Development utilization and protection of resources and infrastructure development. The strategy takes Eight clusters of highly urbanized muinto consideration the fact that the region is part nicipalities and cities comprise the urban growth of Luzons industrial core comprising The Na- cluster. The nature and scope of growth of the tional Capital Region, and the industrial areas area shall be defined by its dominant resource of Central Luzon and CALABARZON. It also potentials as well as the physical and environconsiders the regions interaction with mental constraints. The cluster shall be the hub MIMAROPA and Bicol Region particularly as of economic life in the region in terms of industheir gateway to Metro Manila. trial, commercial, financial activities and services with minimal although intensive interventions in The spatial strategy of CALABARZON agriculture. The area is characterized by effidivides the region into two broad areas of de- cient use of existing land supply, compatible velopment based on their respective physical mixed land uses, higher density development, and socio-economic characteristics. At the core urban renewal, complete with transport and comof the region are several clusters of highly ur- munication linkages. Parks, open spaces, urbanized and contiguous municipalities and cit- ban forest, buffer zones are maintained and preies called the urban growth cluster. These clus- served. Lakes and rivers are properly managed. ters which are collectively termed as catchment area can provide alternative trading/commercial, This strategy directs the expansion of the housing, recreation, education and health ser- urban population projected to increase by 16 mil6
Table 1-1 Medium-Term Macroeconomic Targets
Figure 1-1
lion in 2030 requiring about 4,000 square kilometers (or almost one-fourth of the total land area of the region) of new urban land in the designated urban growth cluster. While population movement from 1980 to 2000 shows that at the provincial level people are moving out of the urban areas to its peripheries toward the direction of Metro Manila, the strategy calls for the population movement toward the direction of Quezon and Batangas provinces which have potential urban expansion areas. This aims to limit urban sprawl to the agricultural production areas and protected areas outside the urban growth cluster. The operational strategies to promote urban growth development cluster involve: 1. Updating of municipal/city land use plans, determine the best use of pockets of agricultural land in the area, identify land for urban expansion to reduce land speculation and decelerate premature land conversion, delineate environ mentally critical areas and guide loca-
tion and intensity of urban development through strategic infrastructure 2. Review of existing land conversion guidelines as it applies to highly urbanizing areas and their role in national development Managing land development through strict and consistent enforcement of land use regulations, fiscal-market incentives and disincentives Appropriate management of urban environment through greater participation of local government to mitigate pollution and other environmental concerns Enhancement of services to support population growth and higher density development Encouragement of investment in nonpollutive industries that utilizes raw or semi-processed/processed materials 7
3.
4.
5.
6.
produced in the non-urban growth cluster 7. Optimum utilization of various industrial estates while limiting to light, non-pollutive industrial activities in areas adjacent to highly productive cropland and fishing grounds Increased access within the urban growth cluster through upgrading and efficient use of existing infrastructure (transportation and communication) improving access to unutilized and potential urban expansion areas Improved linkage to areas outside the urban growth cluster through improvement of access to international airport and ports, extension of railway system to the region and upgrading of the main transportation backbone that links Luzon with Visayas and Mindanao (the Manila South Road-Maharlika Highway and the Strong Republic Nautical Highway)
shall be promoted as a strategy to preserve the natural and built environment. Urban areas in the non-urban growth cluster may be allowed limited growth based on its role in the development of the area. Its development potentials shall be assessed such as proximity to market and production areas and level of existing infrastructure and utilities. The operational strategies include the following: 1. Deliberate development of production land through expansion of agricultural production in underutilized pasture land, grassland and other areas suitable for agriculture Provision of access to facilities that enhances productivity such as power, irrigation, postharvest facilities Provision of access to markets, agricultural inputs within and outside the region through roads, other transport nodes and facilities, telecommunication facilities Improvement of tourism infrastructure and services, protection and preservation of ecotourism sites Prohibition of economic activities not compatible with forest protection and conservation Improvement of Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP) by delineating hazard prone areas, protected areas, mining areas and buffer zones Regulation and strict implementation of land use plans and resource management plans through land use monitoring and control system
8.
9.
2.
3.
Non-Urban Growth Cluster Development The non-urban growth cluster consists of the pockets of urban communities amid agricultural production areas, nature-tourism sites, watershed and other protected areas. Its primary role is to provide food, raw or processed materials for the thriving industrial activities in the urban growth cluster. Fresh air, water and nature landscape for rest and recreation shall also be provided by the area. The regions production area shall capitalize on the areas proximity to internal regional, Metro Manila, MIMAROPA and Bicol region markets. Agri-modernization shall be pursued with the promotion of commercial production of crops and livestock using modern farm production technology. Agri-tourism and ecotourism 8 4.
5.
6.
7.
Part II Situational Analysis

A. POPULATION
The proximity of the region to NCR undoubtedly is a major factor that indirectly defines the socioeconomic conditions of the region. The rapid urbanization and industrialization of the region is largely attributed to population transfers from NCR or from other provinces who would like to be near NCR. Given this situation, population analysis has become an indispensable undertaking in planning activities of the region. 1. Trends in Population Size
All five provinces of the region, namely: Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon are among the 21 provinces out of the 78 provinces nationwide having a population of more than one million. It was notable that the provinces with the biggest land area, i.e., Quezon and Batangas used to have the biggest population among the CALABARZONs provinces but in 2000, the provinces adjacent to NCR had the biggest (Table 2-2). Cavite had the highest percentage share at 22.1 percent while Quezon had the lowest share at 18 percent. 2. Population of Catchment Areas
CALABARZON is the fifth smallest region in terms of land area but as of the 2000 census, its population ranked second only to NCR. In the year 2000, the region sheltered 9.3 million people, an increase of 5.9 million since 1970. During the past three decades the population increase has consistently surpassed projections made during the period. From 1970 to 2000, the total population of the region almost tripled, with incremental population increasing every decade. The period 1990-2000 recorded the highest increase of almost three million from the 1.2 million population increase recorded in the period 1970-1980 (Table 2-1). Migration is a major factor in this high population increase.
Table 2-3 shows that CALABARZONs population is not spread evenly across its 11 cities and 131 municipalities. Majority or 65.2 of the population live in 34 municipalities and 11 cities termed as catchment areas. On the other hand, 34.8 percent of the population reside in other 97 municipalities/cities (Figure 2-1). The percentage share of the catchment areas has increased steadily from 1970 to 2000. This implies that the concentration of the population had increased rapidly in these catchment areas. Of the eight major catchment areas, the Northern Regional cluster (Rodriguez, San Mateo, Cainta, Taytay, Antipolo) has the higher population concentration.
Table 2-1 Total Population and Percentage Share By Selected Regions, 1970-2000 Areas Philippines Central Luzon NCR CALABARZON
Source: NSO
TOTAL POPULATION 1970 3,695,955 3,966,695 3,356,327 1980 4,909,938 5,925,884 4,603,435 1990 6,338,590 7,948,392 6,349,452 2000 8,204,742 9,932,650 9,320,629 1970 100 10.07 10.81 9.15 36,684,486 48,098,460 60,703,206 76,498,735
% SHARE 1980 100 10.21 12.32 9.57 1990 100 10.44 13.09 10.46 2000 100 10.73 12.98 12.18
3.
Population Growth Rate and Density
Compared with regions with big populations, such as NCR, Central Luzon, Western Visayas and Southern Mindanao, CALABARZON has the highest population growth rate between 1990 to 2000. Table 2-4
shows that CALABARZON was the only region which manifested a steady increase in population growth. Majority of the eight major catchment areas in Cavite, Rizal and Laguna provinces have the highest population growth rates topped
Table 2-2 Total Population and Percentage Share by Province CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 Province 1. Batangas 2. Cavite 3. Laguna 4. Quezon 5. Rizal CALABARZON 1970 926,308 520,180 699,736 902,865 307,238 3,356,327 TOTAL POPULATION 1980 1990 1,174,201 771,320 973,104 1,129,277 555,533 4,603,435 1,476,783 1,152,534 1,370,232 1,372,455 977,448 6,349,452 2000 1,905,348 2,063,161 1,965,872 1,679,030 1,707,218 9,320,629 1970 27.60 15.50 20.85 26.90 9.15 100 % SHARE 1980 1990 25.51 16.76 21.14 24.53 12.07 100 23.26 18.15 21.58 21.62 15.39 100 2000 20.44 22.14 21.09 18.01 18.32 100
Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)
Table 2-3 Total Population and Percentage Share by Major Catchment / Cluster Areas, CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 Catchment Areas/ Clusters 1. Northern Rizal 2. Western Laguna 3. Northern Cavite 4.Metro Tagaytay 5. Central Cavite 6. San Pablo-Metro Lucena 7. Metro Batangas 8. Metro Lipa Catchment Areas Other Areas CALABARZON
Source: 1/ NSO
1970 208,427 264,378 244,943 490,906 92,665 386,083 209,079
POPULATION 1/ 1980 1990 404,585 476,979 407,869 68,643 137,404 490,736 291,240 747,297 759,975 642,395 117,529 204,024 629,956 376,254
2000 1,424,689 1,182,581 1,234,880 201,424 313,946 809,934 458,872 449,070 6,075,396 3,282,707 9,320,629
% SHARE TO TOTAL POP.2/ 1970 1980 1990 2000 6.21 7.88 7.30 2.76 1.49 11.50 6.23 6.02 49.38 50.62 100 8.79 10.36 8.86 2.98 1.49 10.66 6.33 5.57 55.04 44.96 100 12.08 11.97 10.02 15.29 12.69 13.25
3.21 3.37 1.85 2.16 9.92 5.93 5.28 60.36 39.64 100 8.69 4.92 4.82 65.18 34.82 100
201,985 256,224 335,333 1,657,466 2,533,680 3,832,763 1,718,383 2,093,392 2,547,163 3,356,327 4,603,435 6,349,452
2/ Computed
N.B. The following comprise the clusters or catchment areas: 1. Northern Rizal Cluster: Rodriguez-San Mateo-Cainta5. Central Cavite Cluster: Rosario-Gen.Trias-TanzaTaytay- Antipolo City Trece Martires City 2. Western Laguna Cluster: Sn Pedro-Binan-Sta. Rosa City- 6. San Pablo-Metro Lucena : San Pablo City (Laguna) Cabuyao-CalambaCity-Los Banos-Bay Tiaong_Candelaria-Pagbilao-Lucena City -Sariaya-Tayabas 3. Northern Cavite Cluster: Bacoor-Imus-Dasmarinas7. Metro Batangas: Batangas City-Bauan-San PascualCarmona-GMA-Kawit-Noveleta-Cavite City San Jose- Mabini 4. Metro Tagaytay: Tagaytay City Silang 8. Metro Lipa: Sto. Tomas-Malvar-Tanauan City-Lipa City
10
Figure 2-1
11
Table 2-4 Population Growth Rate CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 Regions CALABARZON Central Luzon National Capital Region Western Visayas Southern Mindanao Philippines
Source: NSO
1970-80 1980-90 1990-2000 3.21 2.80 4.10 4.07 4.34 2.74 3.27 2.58 2.98 1.77 2.28 2.35 3.91 2.60 2.25 0.72 2.62 2.34
In both censuses, the proportion of males compared to females is higher from age zero until the age group 45-49 where the proportions for both sexes are almost equal. From the age-group 50-54 and onwards, however, the reverse is observed wherein the females start to outnumber the males. This pattern confirms previous studies that women have longer life expectancies than men. 5. Fertility
by the Northern Cavite Cluster recording a high 6.7 percent (1990-2000) and Northern Rizal at 6.4 percent. The catchment areas have the most number of subdivisions. 4. Age-Sex Structure
The population pyramid for year 2000 showed that the regions population is young with the population below 15 years old comprising 36 percent of the total population slightly lower than the percentage share in 1990 of 38 percent. On the other hand, the proportion of 65 years and over increased slightly from three percent in 1990 to four percent in 2000. (Figure 2-2) The combined young and old dependency level is 64, which means that there are 64 dependents per 100 working population. High dependency ratio is strongly associated with poverty as in the case of Quezon which has the highest age-dependency rates of 75 percent in 2000 and the highest poverty incidence in the same period. Laguna which had a sustained drop in age dependency ratio had also shown consistent decrease in its poverty incidence as well as magnitude of poor families. In the case of Cavite and Rizal, the magnitude of poor families increased in 2000 when the age dependency also increased. Comparison of the age sex structure of the two censal years showed similar patterns. Only Quezon province has a median age below the regional average. 12
Although CALABARZONs high PGR is largely due to migration and improving death rates, data show that fertility level remains a challenge in all regions of the country. Fertility levels of the region between 1993 and 1998, as measured by the total fertility rate (TFR), showed a declining trend but though it is still high. Based on current fertility levels, a woman will have on the average 3.7 children during her reproductive years (15-49 years), lower than the 1993 National Demographic Survey (NDS) figure of 3.9 children per woman.
Figure 2-2 Age-Sex Population Pyramid CALABARZON, 2000
The high fertility level is attributed to short median birth intervals (two years and five months), low contraceptive prevalence rate (45.0 %) and early marriages. The median age of marriage among women is 23.2 years. 6. Urban-Rural Distribution and Population Movements
As of the last census, 67.4 percent of the regions population live in the urban areas, compared to the national average of 48 percent. Rizal has the highest percentage of urban population (96 %) in 2000 while Quezon has the lowest (22 %). For the four censal years, Rizal consistently has the highest percentage of urban population followed by Cavite and Laguna. In general, the percentage of urban population of CALABARZON has been increasing steadily as shown in Table 2-6 while the reverse trend has been observed for the rural population.
For the period 1990 to 2000, the UrbanRural Growth Differential (URGD) was consistently positive in the provinces of Batangas, Cavite and Laguna while Quezon and Rizal registered negative URGD. The negative URGD registered by Quezon and Rizal may be due to the fact that some portion of the population might have settled in areas classified as rural although the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) indicated that rural areas usually have higher total fertility rates compared to urban areas. The increasing growth rate of the rural population had to be evaluated closely because areas classified as environmentally critical might have been occupied by informal settlers. 7. Future Growth
With the regions PGR of 3.92 percent, its population is expected to double within 17.6 years. This is much shorter than the doubling
Table 2-5 Median Age, Sex Ratio and Age Dependency Ratio CALABARZON Region, 1990, 1995 and 2000 Provinces Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON
Source: NSO
MEDIAN AGE 1990 20 22 21 19 21 20 1995 21 22 22 20 21 21 2000 22 22 23 20 22 22 1990 101 100 101 104 100 101
SEX RATIO 1995 101 99 100 105 100 101 2000 101 98 98 104 101 100
AGE DEPENDENCY RATIO 1990 74.67 66.67 68.87 81.02 68.07 72.16 1995 69.31 59.74 64.36 78.70 65.36 68.66 2000 66.35 60.86 60.18 75.39 62.75 64.43
Table 2-6 Percentage Distribution of Urban-Rural Population CALABARZON Region, 1970-2000 Provinces Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON
Source: NSO
1970 Urban Rural 14.7 85.3 50.3 49.7 50.1 49.9 28.3 71.7 53.0 47.0 34.6 65.4
1980 Urban Rural 17.0 83.0 59.8 40.2 61.0 39.0 29.1 70.9 75.0 25.0 43.0 57.0
1990 Urban Rural 27.0 73.0 76.4 23.6 74.4 25.6 32.9 67.1 98.2 1.8 58.4 41.6
2000 Urban Rural 44.35 55.65 86.81 13.19 83.49 16.51 21.96 78.04 95.79 4.21 67.39 32.61
13
Table 2-7 Estimated Population Doubling Time of CALABARZON Provinces and Catchment Areas
B.
MACROECONOMY
Areas CALABARZON 1. Batangas 2. Cavite 3. Laguna 4. Quezon 5. Rizal Catchment Areas 1.Northern Rizal Cluster 1.Western Laguna 1.Northern Cavite 1.Tagaytay-Silang 1.Central Cavite Cluster 1.San Pablo Metro Lucena 1.Metro Batangas 1.Metro Lipa
Source: NSO
PGR (1990 Doubling 2000) Time (Years) 3.91 2.58 6.00 3.68 2.04 5.74 6.38 4.52 6.75 5.54 4.40 2.54 2.00 2.96 17.60 26.70 11.50 18.80 33.80 12.00 10.82 15.27 10.22 12.40 15.68 27.16 34.50 23.30
The Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) is the aggregate output of goods and services for three sectors, namely agriculture, industry and services. For the period 1992-2002, the GRDP being reviewed is still the combined figure of the whole Southern Tagalog Region (STR) or the total for CALABARZON and MIMAROPA. GRDP data for CALABARZON were only made available in 2002. The analysis below shows that the separation of MIMAROPA had a slight impact on the regional economy. 1. Regional Growth and Share to National Economy
time of the Philippines of 31.4 years. The provinces with the shortest doubling time are Cavite (11.5 years) and Rizal (12 years) while Quezon has the longest at 33.8 years, longer than the national average (Table 2-7). Among the catchment areas, the Northern Rizal Cluster has the fastest doubling time at 9.3 years while the Batangas City-Bauan-San Pascual the slowest, at 23.3 years. With a PGR of 3.91 percent, the population of the region is expected to reach 13.6 M after 10 years. Cavite province will remain as the most populous province while Quezon will have the least population. Due to unabated migration and slow fertility reductions, the provinces of the region will continue to grow within the next 10 years. Whether or not the growth rate of the region will decelerate within the next decade depends on how the other parts of the country will be able to hasten their development.
The combined GRDP for CALABARZON and MIMAROPA expanded from Php113.5B in 1993 to Php162.8B in 2002 at constant prices or an average annual growth rate of 3.55 percent (Table 2-8). This annual growth is slightly lower than the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increase of 3.62 percent over the same period. The GRDP share to the national total was maintained at about 15.57 percent. This share ranked second only to NCR. Region IV and NCR, together with Region III, accounted for about 60 percent annual average of the countrys domestic output. The industry and services sector were the main contributors to the national output, again placing the region second to Metro Manila. Agriculture, on the other hand, had the largest share in the countrys Gross Value Added (GVA) among all regions, despite the fact that the agriculture had a relatively smaller share to GRDP as compared with industry and services. Using the data generated for CALABARZON, the regions economy grew by 3.8 percent in 2003 due to significant growths in the industry and service sectors. Table 2-9
14
Table 2-8 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Southern Tagalog Region, 1992-2002 at Constant Prices (1985=100) Year 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Philippines Region IV (In Million Pesos) (In Million Pesos 718,941 734,156 766,368 802,224 849,121 893,151 888,001 918,161 958,411 989,259 1,032,970 113,545 114,787 120,155 125,248 134,814 140,912 139,144 141,561 146,478 150,585 162,840 Regional Share 15.79 15.64 15.68 15.61 15.88 15.78 15.67 15.42 15.28 15.22 15.57 Philippines Growth Rate 2.1 4.4 4.7 5.8 5.2 -0.6 3.4 4.4 3.2 4.3 Region IV Growth Rate 1.1 4.7 4.2 7.6 4.5 -1.3 1.7 3.5 2.8 8.1
Source: National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)
shows that CALABARZON still ranks second to NCR in terms of percentage share in the GRDP although its share slightly decreased from 13.1 percent in 2002 to 13.0 percent in 2003. It is noted that except for NCR, the share of the regions with the biggest GRDP also decreased. 2. Sectoral Distribution of GRDP
The assessment of the economic structure of the region as shown in Table 13 was based on the relative change in the percentage shares of the three sectors and the possible major contributions of the CALABARZON and MIMAROPA regions for its sector. 2.1. Industry Sector
Industry, services and agriculture outputs are measured in terms of Gross Value Added.
During the 10-year period, 1993 to 2002, the industry sector contributed the highest to the GRDP at an average of 43.20 percent annually. Although, the share of the sector grew Table 2-9 Gross Regional Domestic Product from 43.37 percent in 1993 to 44.20 percent Selected Regions, At Constant Prices (1985=100) in 1997, a decline in the share in the GRDP GRDP % Share was noted in 1998 to 2001 with 42.00 perRegions 2002 2003 2002 2003 cent and in 2002 to 43.17 percent. The inNCR 313,527,347 330,017,672 30.4 30.5 dustry sectors output grew at an average anIV-A 135,084,587 140,153,296 13.1 13.0 nual rate of 6.50 percent, or 2.90 percentIII 94,057,028 97,470,120 9.1 9.0 age point higher than the GRDP growth rate. VI 73,012,600 77,012,600 7.1 7.1 Manufacturing, construction and electricity, VII 72,381,220 75,735,126 7.0 7.0 gas and water subsectors were the main conX 49,460,750 52,235,087 4.8 4.8 tributors of the sector.
46,845,298 248,601,095 1,032,969,925 48,825,613 260,048,996 1,081,498,510 4.5 24.1 100.0 4.5 24.0 100.0
XI Other Reg. Philippines

Source: NSCB
The manufacturing industry accounted for almost one-third of the overall regional economy and contributed an aver15
Table 2-10 Average Share by Industry, Southern Tagalog Region, 1993-2002 Sector Industry Services Agriculture Share to GDP 7.16 4.93 4.30 Share to GVA 16.71 12.89 19.38 Share to GRDP 43.20 31.61 25.19
age of 19 to 20 percent to the national output in manufacturing. This subsector grew at an average of 2.95 percent, a little higher than the national growth rate of 2.53 percent. The increased share in the manufacturing industry was attributed to the increase in production in the industrial parks/estates in the CALABARZON region particularly in the late 1990s when the Ecozone Act of 1995 took effect. Prior to this Act there were only nine proclaimed industrial estates in the CALABARZON, This increased to 34 or almost half of the 77 total proclaimed ecozones in the country. Of the 34 proclaimed ecozones in CALABARZON, 25 are operational representing 56 percent of the Philippines total. Gross value added for construction, electricity, gas and water, likewise increased at an average annual growth rate of 5.9 percent and 4.9 percent, respectively. Just like the manufacturing industry, the construction and electricity, gas and water sectors consistently ranked second to Metro Manila in terms of share to the GVA of the sector. 2.2. Service Sector
ernment service). The trade industry, the main growth driver of the sector posted a faster growth at 6.4 percent in 2002 from its 3.0 percent performance in 1993. In absolute terms, the GVA rose from Php16.8B in 1993 to Php26.4B in 2002, contributing an average of more than 40 percent to the overall regional income of the sector. The development of the small and medium enterprises, expansion and modernization of trade support facilities such as ports and road networks led to the income expansion in the service sector as a whole. 2.3 Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry
The regional gross value added for the agriculture, fishery and forestry sector was responsible for 19 percent of the overall agricultural output over the 10-year period. The GVA gradually increased from P31,466B in 1993 to Php37,46B in 2002, mostly income from agriculture and fishery subsectors. This made the Southern Tagalog Region the biggest contributor to the national income in agriculture. The sector sustained its high production with the massive implementation of the Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) in the region, effectively shielding the sector from the effects of the rapid agricultural land conversion to residential, industrial and commercial uses particularly in the CALABARZON area. The income in forestry subsector declined from Php228M in 1998 to only Php49M in 2002. The MIMAROPA region which is a dominantly agricultural area had accounted for the biggest share to the total regional output. The bulk of the CALABARZON regions share in the agricultural output came mainly from hogs, chicken, eggs and crops such as coconut, cacao, pineapple, sugarcane and other crops. The increasing number of slaughterhouses made the CALABARZON region as one of the countrys main source of livestock and poultry products.
The gross value added for the service sector increased in share to the regional output from 29.57 percent in 1993 to 33.79 percent in 2002. The remarkable rise was mainly due to the steady growth of the subsectors (transportation, communication and storage, trade, finance, ownership of dwelling, private and gov-
16
C.
LABOR, EMPLOYMENT AND LEADING ECONOMIC INDICATORS
The growth of the economy is crucial in the creation of new jobs or in reducing unemployment rates. At the same time a more aggressive population management, i.e., managing population movements and fertility, has to be implemented as a long-term strategy to address the problem of unemployment. The discussion below provides an overview of the employment situation of the region and a brief situationer of the (sub) sectors that directly contribute to economic growth and expanding employment opportunities. 1. Labor Force Participation, Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment
3.9 million from 2.6 million in 1993. On the average, labor force grew by 4.1 percent, higher than the average annual employment growth rate of 3.8 percent (Table 2-11). This means that the entrants to the labor force grew faster than the total number of people employed. For the period 1993 to 2002, the average employment rate, stood at 89.93, lower than the national average at 90.99 percent but better than the National Capital Regions average at 84.40 percent. But in terms of growth, employment situation in the region was better compared to the Philippines and to the NCR which posted an average negative growth of 0.16 and 0.03 percent, respectively, over the same period. The regions highest employment rate was recorded in 1996 at 92.63 percent, with the increased demand for labor in the industrial estates/economic zones. The lowest rate was recorded in 2002 at 87.06 percent due to domestic economic crisis and political problems experienced in the country. Employment in the urban areas expanded at a higher rate than in the rural areas with the difference of 3.92 percentage point for the period 1995 to 2002. This shows more job opportunities were available in
Total population, 15 years old and over, increased from 4.3 million in 1993 to 6.1 million in 2000 or about 60 percent of the population in CALABARZON. This showed an average annual growth rate of 4.49 percent over the same period. The regions working population reached
Table 2-11 Labor Force and Employment CALABARZON Region, 1993-2002 Total Population 15 Years yrs. old and over (In Thousand) 1993 4,213 1994 4,367 1995 4,512 1996 4,648 1997 4,787 1998 4,929 1999 5,073 2000 5,705 2001 5,934 2002 6,141
Source: NSO for the base data
Labor Force Participation Rate 61.88 61.77 62.87 62.98 63.21 63.03 63.89 63.14 66.38 64.90
Employment Rate 90.73 90.40 90.23 92.63 91.62 89.98 89.94 88.02 88.60 87.08
Unemployment Rate 9.27 9.60 9.77 7.37 8.38 10.02 10.06 11.98 11.40 12.92
Underemployment Rate 7.20 5.94 6.06 7.64 7.42 8.96 7.26 8.04 9.86 8.24
Visible Underemployment Rate 7.20 5.94 6.06 7.64 7.42 8.96 7.26 8.04 9.86 8.24
1. Data were taken from the final results of the October Labor Force Survey Data may not add up to total due to rounding 2. Computed based on the LFPR of the CALABARZON Provinces
17
the urban areas than in the rural areas. It was likewise observed that, for the period 1998 to 2002, the regional employment was dominated by the male population which accounted for an average of 60 percent of the labor market. . Unemployment rate rose to 12.92 percent in 2002 from 9.60 percent in 1994. Increasing unemployment rate in the region indicates that aside from the recorded workers laid off and retrenched in 1998 due to economic crisis, the region was not able to provide jobs to the new entrants to the labor force as a result of the rapid increase in the regions workforce population and in-migration from Metro Manila. In the year 2002, there were more than half a million unemployed persons in the region compared to 1993 level with only 241,000. The underemployment rate in the region averaged at 7.66 percent or in absolute terms 219,743 employed persons were underemployed. This may be due to unavailability of decent jobs for highly-qualified workers. 2. Employment by Industry Group
in 1998 with 385,000 jobs. Majority of the workers were engaged in the community, social and personal services, wholesale and retail trade and in transportation, storage and communication activities. On the contrary, the employment share of the industry and agriculture sectors declined during the same period. The former decreased from 29.17 percent in 1994 to 25.74 percent and the latter decreased from 26.50 percent in 1994 to 19.50 percent in 2000. Though the industry sector was only second to the highest employer in the region, it was the regions highest contributor (about 16 percent) to the countrys employment in industry sector, contributing 29.84 percent to the regions total employment. The agriculture sector on the other hand, contributed a meager five percent to the overall employment. The growth pattern of the sector was steady at an average of 2.9 percent. In absolute terms only 629,000 of the total workforce were engaged in agricultural activities. (Figure 2-3) In terms of urban-rural classification, the
In terms of employment by industry group, the service sector absorbed the bulk of workers in the region. It accounts for an annual average of more than 47.19 percent of the total regional employment and contributes 13.16 percent to the national employment of the service sector. The share of the sector in the regional employment rose from 44.33 percent in 1994 to 54.76 percent in 2000, In absolute terms the sector created 872,000 new jobs; the biggest increment was 18
Figure 2-3 Percentage of Employed Persons by Industry and Urban-Rural, CALABARZON, 1994-2002
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
% Urban % Rural % Agri % Industry % Service
20.00
10.00
0.00 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
percentage share of urban employment was much higher in the urban areas compared to the rural. The percentage share of rural employment showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2002. The inability of the sector to absorb new entrants to the labor force especially in the rural areas could worsen the poverty situation. Given this, there is a need to accelerate policies, programs and projects that would generate agriculture-related employment. 3. Ecozone Industries, Investments, Export and Employment
much investment attention from locators in the ecozones. The national government through the Board of Investment (BOI) attached high preference for investment on the food industry since this is intended to provide the needed linkages to enhance the development of upstream and downstream industries such as primary agricultural production and SMEs, among others. In summary, ecozone investments continue to provide sizeable share in the regions investment, expanding from 28 percent in 1996 to 73 percent in 2000. 3.2 Exports
Most ecozones in Cavite and Laguna host light to medium industries ranging from semi-conductors, electronics to car assembly. Batangas ecozones meanwhile tend to host medium to heavy industries such as petroleum and oil refineries. 3.1 Investments
Manufacturing is the dominant industrial activity in the ecozones. In 1997 alone, more than Php 47 billion pesos of investments were devoted to new and expansion manufacturing projects (Table 4). Manufacturing industry is largely concentrated in the production of electronics and semi-conductor products, which are the leading export commodity of most exportbased ecozones in Laguna, Cavite and Batangas. In fact, 86 percent (Pph 40.9 billion) of manufacturing investments went to the electronics/electrical machinery and semiconductor commodities. Among the ecozones, the Laguna Technopark, Inc. contributes almost half (44 %) of the investments poured into the manufacture of electronics and semi-conductor commodities. In contrast, the manufacture and processing of food commodities does not receive
In the area of foreign trade, the regions role in the attainment of the national export target became prominent in 1996 when export oriented ecozones began to operate in the region. Prior to these the region contributed measly average of two percent to the countrys export output. Regional share to total export output dramatically increased from 11 percent in 1996 to 49 percent in 2000, which constitute almost half of the national export. The main bulk or 74 percent of the regions export revenue of US$ 18 billion, is contributed by ecozone export industries. At the ecozone level, Laguna Technopark is the top single ecozone exporter generating a value of US$ 4.6 billion in 2000. On the average ecozones in CALABARZON contribute 78 percent of the regions total export output during the period 1998-2002 3.3 Employment
From 1998-2000, CALABARZON ecozones employed an average of 165,079 persons representing 19 percent of the total employment generated by the industry sector. Employment generation continued to expand in the ecozones with an average growth rate of 11 percent annually from 1998-2002. 19
4.
Agribusiness
4.1
Agricultural Production Performance
Despite the separation of the MIMAROPA, the region maintained its lead role in agriculture, fishery and forestry (AFF) output as shown by the total GVA of P27.9 B which represents 13 percent of the national GVA for the sector. Compared to the regional economy, however, the AFF percentage share is only 20 percent and its growth rate is minimal, i.e., 1.4 percent from 2002 to 2003. The minimal growth rate of the sector contributed to the slackened employment genertion at the rural areas of the region.
As an important economic sector of the region, the agriculture industry/sector is composed of three major production subsectors; crops, livestock and poultry, and fishery. Combined production value of these three subsectors in 2003 was estimated at 27 billion pesos at constant prices. Both livestock and poultry contribute half of this total, while fishery contributes 27 percent and crops about 22 percent.
(In Million Pesos)
Crops Production. In 2003, value of agricultural crop reached an estimated 6 billion peFigure 2-4 sos at constant prices. Value of Agricultural Production in CALABARZON, 2003 Volume of production in the crops subsector is 71,461 80,000 dominated by sugarcane, 70,000 coconut, palay, banana, 60,000 mango, pineapple, 50,000 rootcrops and corn (Fig40,000 27,261 ure 2-4). 19,669 21,292
30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Constant Prices AGRICULTURAL CROPS LIVESTOCK Current Prices POULTRY FISHERY Total 16,524 13,976 6,223 4,486 8,891 7,661
Figure 2-5 Total Crop Production in CALABARZON (in MT), 2003

43%
30% 2% 1% 2% 2% 3%
1%
9%
7%
PALAY BANANA CALAMANSI Spice
CORN PINEAPPLE Beans/Nuts Others
COCONUT COFFEE Root Crops
SUGARCANE MANGO Vegetables
Sugarcane crop has been increasingly cultivated in the region since the 1990s. The bulk of crop production is largely located in the western portion of Batangas province comprising some ten producing municipalities such as Lian, Balayan, Tuy, Nasugbu, Calaca, Calatagan, Sta. Teresita, Alitagtag, Taal and Padre Garcia. The municipalities of Lian, Balayan, Tuy Nasugbu, Calaca comprise 80 percent and 77 percent of the provinces sugarcane harvest and production area respec-
20
tively. Presently, there are two sugarmills that performs processing operation in the province. These are the Batangas Sugar Central and Refinery covering 26 hectares located in Balayan, and Central Azucarera de Don Pedro located in a 64 hectare lot in Nasugbu (Batangas OPA,OCA and MAO, 2002). Another major agricultural crop in the region produced in significant volume is coconut. The crop is mainly grown in Quezon province and contributes the bulk (78 %) of the total regional coconut output at 1.2 million metric tons for the past five years from 1997 to 2001. As a major crop, coconut farming provides direct source of livelihood to an estimated 187,194 coconut farmers, most (66%) of which are located in Quezon. The relative size of the coco-
nut production industry in Quezon has encouraged a diverse number of coconut related processing industries, ranging from oil milling and refining, coir decorticating/defibering to more complex processing such the coconut chemical production, to locate operations in this province. Quezon hosts 70 percent of the regions 46 coconut processing firms and contributes 86 percent of the estimated combined operating capacity of 3,184 metric tons per day. Production and area harvested of corn and palay crops have been decreasing over the past ten years. This is mainly attributed to the substantial reduction in rainfed areas - considered as future expansion areas for irrigated rice lands, upland palay areas, and corn farmlands (Table 2-12). With the exception of banana and coconut, performance of other crops considered as high value commercial crops from 2000 to 2003 have registered only minimal growth in terms of volume produced and area harvested. Banana has registered decreases in output because of corresponding decrease in area cultivated during the three-year period. Coconut on the other hand while expanding area harvested during the period declined in productivity. While most of the high yielding commercial crops such as pineapple, eggplant, tomato, calamansi among others, productivity has only grown minimally over the past three years.
Table 2-12 Crop Production Performance in CALABARZON, 2000-2003 2000-2002 Average Performance Indicators Prod. Corn Palay Cabbage Camote Cassava Eggplant Garlic Mongo Onion Peanut Tomato Banana Calamansi Mango Pineapple Coconut Coffee Area Yield Harvested 63,682 70,997 0.90 145,793 498 4,253 8,799 2,025 378 921 42 1,092 1,423 36,705 1,592 12,865 4,122 407,665 16,601 2.81 4 9 7 14 6 1 6 1 12 4 11 8 18 3.30 0.74 Average Annual Growth Rate Prod. Area Yield Harvested -11.98 -15.21 3.81 -1.73 0.37 0.33 0.38 0.65 0.82 0.34 0.37 0.20 0.31 -0.18 0.32 0.34 0.51 0.40 0.45 -2.26 0.13 0.02 0.01 -0.03 0.50 0.10 0.74 0.08 0.11 -0.02 0.02 0.02 0.17 1.24 0.00 0.54 0.25 0.31 0.36 0.68 0.31 0.24 -0.36 0.11 0.20 -0.15 0.31 0.31 0.34 -0.83 0.45
Crop
409,574 2,158 36,743 62,616 29,024 2,123 770 243 616 17,217 144,034 16,872 102,680 74,038 1,309,375 12,205
Note: Values for Palay and Corn are 1991-2000 average figures. Source of basic data: BAS, NSCB
21
Livestock and Poultry Production. The region is one of the leading producers of swine, chicken and chicken eggs in the country. As of 2003, about 13 percent of total hog inventory 24 percent of total chicken, and 28 percent of total eggs is contributed by the region to national hog and poultry production. Compared to the countrys major producing regions, CALABARZON region places second to Region III in hog and chicken inventory and first in egg production (Table 2-13).
Figure 2-6 Comparative Hog Production (in MT), 20003

REGION VII 8% REGION VI 8% REGION XI 8% Rest of Phil. 46%
CALABARZON 13% REGION III 17%
Table 2-13 Comparative Chicken and Egg Production Selected Regions, 2003 (In Metric Tons) Selected Regions Chicken Egg
Average regional producCALABARZON 24 % 28 % tion performance by commodity Region III 31 % 14 % from 2001 to 2003 shows that hog Rest of the Philippines 45 % 58 % contributes almost 90 percent of total livestock production volume and value, while Table 2-14 Production and Value of Livestock and chicken and chicken eggs Poultry Subsectors in CALABARZON, 2001-2003 provides more than three 2001-2003 2001-2003 Share Distribution (%) fourths and a little than a Subsector / Average Prod'tn Average Value fourth respectively of toCommodity Prod'tn. Value ('000 MT) (Pmillion) tal poultry production and value during the same pe- LIVESTOCK 232.33 4,485.80 100 100 riod (Table 2-14). Carabao 4.91 72.96 2 2 Overall the value of the livestock and poultry subsector in the region is estimated at 13 billion pesos in constant prices Production activities for swine and chicken poultry in the region are mostly concentrated in Batangas, Rizal provinces, and an increasing trend observed in recent years in the province of 22
Cattle Hog Goat POULTRY Chicken Duck Chicken Egga Duck Eggs TOTAL 18.80 206.71 1.92 358.20 277.53 3.45 73.47 3.76 590.54 453.38 3,931.62 27.84 8,891.43 6,727.25 98.85 1,980.84 84.49 13,377.23 8 89 1 100 77 1 21 1 10 88 1 100 76 1 22 1
Note: Value of Commodity is at constant prices Source: BAS
Laguna (CALA Study), particularly in backyard chicken poultry, and commercial duck, hog, and broiler production (BAS data).
while only 13 percent is located in the other municipalities.
Commercial poultry farms on the other The availability of support facilities such hand are located mostly in San Jose (54 %), as feed mills, warehouse and distribution facili- Lipa City (24 %), Rosario (19 %) and Mataas na ties, road networks and proximity to institutional Kahoy (3 %). buyers and strong market linkage with the NCR provides a conducive environment for commerIn Rizal province, Tanay, Morong, Pilillia cial level production of swine and poultry activi- municipalities host most of the provinces comties to flourish and thrive in Table 2-15 Hog Productiion / Inventory Performance in these provinces
CALABARZON, 1990-2002 Growth Rate (%)
Combined production in these three leading provinces makes up the bulk of the regions hog and chicken inventory. These provinces contributes more than 75 percent and almost 80 percent of the total regional inventory estimated at 1.6 million heads of swine (Table 2-15) and 17.3 million heads of poultry, respectively in 2002. Traditionally, swine and poultry commercial production areas are mostly found clustered near the perimeter of urban areas in these provinces. In Batangas, 87 percent of commercial piggery farms are located in the municipalities of Malvar, Rosario and Lipa City
Region / Province PHILIPPINES CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal
Inventory (Hds)
Ave. Share Distribution (%)
1990- 1994- 1998- 1990- 1994- 19981994 1998 2002 1994 1998 2002 10,397,000 0.14 1.09 0.66 100 100 100 1,623,100 756,060 142,790 265,320 137,210 321,720 0.35 0.77 3.12 -1.87 0.61 0.85 1.10 2.20 0.71 0.71 0.45 0.64 1.10 2.57 -0.08 0.95 -2.69 1.40 11 26 9 22 22 21 11 30 13 18 19 20 13 41 10 18 12 19
Note: 2002 Hog inventory of stock Source of Basic Data: BAS, NSCB
Table 2-16 Chicken Productiion / Inventory Performance in CALABARZON, 1990-2002 Average Annual Growth Rate (%) 19901994 0.62 0.65 0.70 -1.58 0.76 0.28 1.08 19941998 2.00 0.26 -1.49 7.09 1.11 1.65 1.10 19982002 -0.48 -0.36 -1.19 -0.14 -0.75 -3.25 2.41 Ave. Share Distribution (%) 19901994 100 19 51 4 18 12 15 19941998 100 18 51 4 20 11 15 19982002 100 13 39 9 21 9 21
Region/ Province PHILIPPINES CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal
Inventory (Hds)
113,718,027 18,017,834 5,766,663 1,751,173 3,848,448 1,233,402 5,418,148
Note: 2002 Chicken inventory of stock Source of Basic Data: BAS, NSCB
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mercial piggery and poultry farms. While the municipalities in the first, third and fourth district of Laguna such as San Pedro, Bian, Liliw, Pagsanjan, Nagcarlan and Calauan among others, are host to a significant number of commercial piggery and poultry farms. Since the early 1990s, the regions total inventory of hog slightly grew but its share to national total has increased from 11 percent in 1994 to 13 percent in 2002. While robust growth was recorded in Batangas as a leading commercial stock producer, stock inventory in the rest of the major commercial level producers such as Rizal have been declining over the years. Total chicken inventory in the region have also declined during the same period because of the major decreases in stock inventory in Batangas. Rizal and, to some extent, Laguna province have registered growth during this period (Table 2-16). Availability of corn feed supply has been a constraining factor in both hog and poultry commercial operation in the region. The low production output and fast decreasing production area of local yellow corn in the region has forced producers to resort to relatively expensive corn
supply from outside the region to meet industry feed requirements. Corn is a major component of feeds for hog and poultry comprising almost half of an ordinary animal feed ration. In addition the increasing urbanization in traditional hog and poultry production areas, particularly in Rizal and Batangas has forced producers to scale down, relocate and even terminate production because of incompatible land use with expanding urban/settlement areas. Fishery Production Performance. The CALABARZON region stands fifth among the countrys major fishery producing regions led by ARMM in 2003 (Figure 2-7). Total regional production is pegged at an average 334,945 metric tons with an estimated value of P 7.6 billion at constant prices in 2003. Among provinces, the combined fishery harvests of Rizal and Quezon constitute three fourths of the regions annual production. (Figure 2-8 ). Production growth of the regions fishery sector has declined over the past ten years recording an average annual decline of 1.79 percent from 1994-2003. While both aquaculture (5.12%) and commercial (1.47%) fisheries
Figure 2-7 Comparative Fishery Production (in MT), 2001-2003

600.0 500.0 400.0 300.0 200.0 100.0 0.0
NC R
Re gio nX II M IM AR OP CA A LA BA RZ ON
Re gio nI II
Re gio nV I
Re gio nI X
Re gio nV
AR M M
2001
2002
2003
24
Re st of Ph il.
Re gio n
VII
Municipal Fisheries
Figure 2-8 Distribution of Fishery Production by Province (in MT), 2000-2003
Cavite 4% Quezon 36% Laguna 10%
Rizal 39%
significantly grew in production volume, the continuing decline in municipal (6.81%) fishery output has affected the overall performance of the sector (Figure 2-9). The bulk of fish harvested in the region is contributed by the municipal fishery subsector providing an average of 40 percent of the regional fishery output during the same period. The remaining 31 and 29 percent is contributed by aquaculture and commecial fishery respectively.
Municipal fishery activities are traditionally centered in Rizal province (52 percent) because of the active open fishBatangas ing activities in Laguna Lake, 11% particularly on its northeastern shores bordered by municipalities Binangonan, Morong, Baras, Tanay, Pilillia, Jala-jala, among others. Average share of municipal fishery harvest in this province constitute more than half of the total municipal fishery output in the region (Figure 2-10) Other municipal fishing activities are located along Quezon provinces southeastern coast of Tayabas Bay and Ragay Gulf particularly in the coastal towns of Sariaya, Pagbilao, and in the Bondoc Peninsula coastal towns of Pitogo, Gen. Luna, Unisan, Macalelon,San Francisco and San Andres areas. These coastal towns have significant numbers of municipal fisherfolk population, including the provinces northern coastal towns of Infanta and Real. In
Figure 2-9 Growth Performance of Fishery Sector in CALABARZON, 1994-2003

40.00 30.00 20.00 Percent 10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00
94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 00-01 01-02 02-03
CALABARZON
Commercial
Municipal
Aquaculture
25
Figure 2-10 Distribution of Municipal Fishery Production by Province (in MT), 2000-2003 Quezon 21% Cavite 1% Laguna 12%
Batangas 14%
Rizal 52%
Batangas province, major municipal waters utilized for fishing are the Balayan and Batangas bays, and Taal lake. The regions coastal and inland waters comprise the municipal waters and covers 95 municipalities comprising 879 coastal barangays with a total population of 73,071 municipal fisherfolks. . Most municipal fisherfolks are considered poor and directly depend on municipal fishery activities for their livelihood. Quezon province hosts the most number of fisherfolks in the region with about 45 percent of total municipal fisherfolks. These are concentrated in the provinces southern tip of the Bondoc Peninsula and REINA (Real, Infanta and General Nakar) municipalities. Aquaculture Fisheries Most of the aquaculture production activities in the region are more or less equally distributed in the provinces of Quezon (39 %), Rizal (25 %) and Batangas (24 %). Aquaculture fishery production is minimal in Laguna (7 %) and Cavite (5 %). Aquaculture structures such as fish pens, fishcages and fishponds can be found in relatively abundant quantities in major water 26
bodies such as Laguna Lake, Taal Lake, Seven, Lakes, Calauag Bay, the coastal waters of Infanta-Real towns and Batangas Coast, among others. The more common aquaculture products being cultured in the regions fresh/inland waters and coastal marine waters are bangus and tilapia fish varieties, which have a ready market in the NCR, and where these products are relatively popular food commodities. . Commercial Fisheries
Commercial fishing operations in the regions are traditionally based in the province of Quezon. Production output from the province contributes the bulk of the total commercial fishery output of the region at 91 percent while Cavite and Batangas contribute five and four percent, respectively. Land Conversion The rate of growth of agricultures contribution to regional employment and to the overall economy has been dwindling through the years. This could be attributed partly to the decrease of land devoted for agricultural activities. Most of the regions productive agricultural lands are already utilized at full capacity. Batangas and Cavite provinces have surpassed capacity levels indicating that crop production activities are already utilizing marginal lands and most probably even upland areas in these provinces. The movement and the consequent concentration of population towards the regions urban centers from the rural or areas outside of the region have influenced the increasing land requirements for settlement, industrial and commercial areas, particularly in the provinces of Batangas, Laguna, Rizal and Cavite.
Relatedly, the incidence of agricultural lands converted to residential, industrial and commercial use is relatively high in these provinces (Table 2-17) For a span of fifteen years from 1984 to 1999, more than 12,000 hectares of agricultural lands were converted mostly for residential purposes indicating a quickening pace of growth in the regions urban and industrial centers. Between 1987 and 2004, aggregate area for agricultural lands in the region increased by 4 percent from 491,536 hectares to 669,715 hectares.
Table 2-17 Status of Land Conversion in CALABARZON, 1984-1999 Agricultural Land Converted (Ha) 4,705.4080 4,081.9611 2,325.3478 532.9240 961.6671 12,607.3080 Distribution of Agricultural Lands Converted to Other Use by Major Category (%) Commercial 7.47 1.86 14.09 7.70 27.73 Industrial 16.61 18.84 31.41 0.47 1.24 Residential 66.90 57.84 50.67 60.57 68.71 Others 9.03 21.46 3.83 31.26 2.31
Province
BATANGAS CAVITE LAGUNA QUEZON RIZAL Total
Source of Basic Data: DAR CLUPPI Note: - Categories for commercial, industrial and residential includes mix and related use. Residential category includes resettlement and socialized housing. - Others category includes agriculture, aquaculture, eco-tourism, memorial parks and SHOPC
During this period, more than 170,000 hectares of lands were made available for agricultural production activities. An estimated 36, 796 hectares of alienable and disposable (A&D) lands, particularly in the provinces of Batangas, Quezon and Cavite were released by the DENR and distributed to farmer beneficiaries under the same program, the DAR also was able to redistribute a total of 132, 294 hectares
of agricultural lands (Table 2-18). The DAR and DENR are the frontline agencies of the government tasked with the acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands under its flagship program for agrarian reform, the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) 5. Agrarian Reform
Table 2-18 Status of Agricultural Land Distribution in CALABARZON, 1987-2004 Province Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON Total Land Area (has) 316,581 128,755 175,973 870,660 130,892 1,622,861 A&d AND Agricultural Lands Distribution (has) DENR 4,449.84 3,428.10 2,480.87 26,920.30 1,239.52 38,795.31 DAR 27,421 6,599 11,716 72,771 13,787 132,294 Total 31,920.84 10,027.10 14,196.87 99,691.30 15,026.52 170,862.64
5.1
Land Acquisition and Distribution (LAD)
From a working scope of 8.06 million hectares, DAR is to distribute 4.29 million hectares (53%) while DENR is to distribute 3.77 million (47%). Of these, the two agencies have distributed 57 percent or a total of 5.44 million hectares. DAR has distributed 3.102 million hectares (72% of its scope)
Status of re/distribution as of August 2004 for DAR and September 2004 for DENR Source of basic data: DAR Region IV-A LMS-LMD
27
to some 1.735 million agrar- Table 2-19 Land Acquisition and Distribution Target by Year (in Hectares) ian beneficiaries. About 1.646 CALABARZON Region, 2004-2010 million hectares of these are Year private agricultural lands. Province Total 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 DENR for its part has distribBatangas 850 500 678 678 678 678 653 4,715 uted 2.341 million hectares 200 350 442 442 386 1,820 (62% of its scope) to some Cavite Laguna 800 600 600 504 2,504 1.46 million agrarian benefi2,650 3,050 1,986 1,986 1,986 1,986 2,080 15,724 ciaries. As of December Quezon 400 300 969 969 969 969 772 5,348 2000, the total remaining Rizal area for distribution under the TOTAL 4,900 4,800 4,675 4,579 4,019 3,633 3,505 30,111 Comprehensive Agrarian Source: DAR IV-A Reform Program (CARP) is Agrarian Reform Communities (ARCs) 2.62 million hectares. Out of these total, DAR is 5.2 to distribute 1.19 million hectares, while DENR The CARP prescribes that package of is to distribute 1.43 million hectares. support services must be provided to agrarian From the DAR working scope of 4.29 reform beneficiaries and their communities. Due million hectares, CALABARZON shares 4 per- to limited resources, the Agrarian Reform Comcent or 160, 660 hectares. Quezon and munity (ARC) approach was adopted as the Batangas have the biggest slice with 54 and 20 geographical focus for the delivery of support percent respectively. The least share is Cavite services. Support services however, have been with 5 percent while Rizal and Laguna has at invested in non-ARC areas considering that most ARBs in the region are outside the ARC least 12 and 9 percent share respectively coverage, hence ARCs were further expanded As of August 2004 the region has dis- to include ARBs in non-ARC areas. tributed 82 percent or 132,294 hectares out of DARs working scope of 160, 660 hectares for the region. More than three-fourths of the lands were distributed in the provinces of Quezon (55%) and Batangas (21%). The remaining balance of 30, 111 hectares, half of which is in Quezon province, is expected to be completed for distribution by 2010 (Table 2-19). On the part of the DENR, total A&D lands released and distributed to agrarian reform beneficiaries in the region since 1992 was estimated at 38,795.31 hectares. For the next six years, from 2005 to 2010, about 70,260 hectares of A&D lands is targeted to be opened up for agricultural use or almost double the coverage attained during the past twelve years. 28 In CALABARZON, around 105 ARCs has been launched in all of the provinces since 1993. It covered a total of 75 municipalities and 279 barangays. A significant number of ARCs launched are mostly concentrated in Quezon province. (Table 2-20)
Table 2-20 Agrarian Reform Communities Launched in CALABARZON, 2004
Province Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal TOTAL
Total ARCs Municipalities Barangays Launched Covered Covered 22 11 12 54 6 105 14 11 10 34 6 75 53 39 19 144 24 279
Source: DAR IV-A (Data as of August 2004)
6.
Tourism
conversion from agricultural to tourism area is on-going. The Regional Tourism Master Plan for Southern Tagalog formulated in 1997 has identified the following sites as tourism priority development areas. The centerpiece attraction of the CALABARZON region, the Taal Lake and Volcano is found in Batangas. The Taal Volcano is said to be the smallest volcano in the world. The coastline from Nasugbu to Calatagan is a favorite of water sport enthusiasts. It is generally used for swimming, boating, yachting, fishing and skin-diving. National shrines and landmarks also abound in the province being home and birthplace of the countrys nationalist. The tourism center of Cavite is Tagaytay City which is known as the town on the ridge. The ridge is the viewing area of the Taal Lake and Volcano. Tagaytay is also considered the second summer capital of the country because of its crisp and cool climate. Cavite also boasts of leisure estates and golf courses. The Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine and other historical landmarks are present in the province. Laguna is known as the resort province of the Philippines with its bodies of water such as hot springs, lakes and waterfalls. The Pagsanjan Falls, Lake Caliraya and the innumerable hot springs that abound in the province are the favorite of tourists. In the province of Quezon, tourist flock to Mount Banahaw, a 7,382-foot extinct volcano famous for its mystical attributes. The beach of Sariaya abounds with resorts for domestic tourists. A yearly attraction in the province is the celebration of the Pahiyas, a traditional thanksgiving for a bountiful harvest celebrated in several towns. In Rizal province, the Shrine of Our Lady of Antipolo draws thousand of Filipino travelers 29
The country is endowed with great tourism potentials. It offers diverse attractions ranging from historical/cultural heritage to variety of scenic views and recreational areas. The CALABARZON is gifted with a diverse natural, historical, cultural and man-made attractions as well as general and special interest products attractive to domestic and international tourist markets. The Philippine Tourism Master Plan (PTMP) 1991-2010 identified tourism development areas in the country which can serve as the focus of investments in tourism estates, leisure and recreation complex and other tourism related activities. Tagaytay/Taal, Aplaya Laiya and Hacienda Looc located in San Juan and Nasugbu, Batangas respectively, have been selected as tourism development areas for the CALABARZON region in the PTMP. Tourism development in Tagaytay includes the zoning by the Tagaytay City government of the tourism-strip along the Tagaytay ridge for urban-tourism with restaurants, entertainment and recreational facilities. High-cost, week-end housing projects suited for rest and relaxation have been increasing in the area. High-end resort estates have proliferated in Tagaytay City and its adjacent highland towns with similar view of the Taal lake and Volcano. The tourism area has been made more accessible with the completion of the Tagaytay-Sta. Rosa Road to complement the TagaytayAlfonso-Batangas Road and Gen. Aguinaldo Highway. For the Aplaya Laiya, the Department of Tourism has an on-going project for the formulation of a tourism master plan. Beach resorts exist in the area, its access road, the San JuanLobo road is nearly completed. For the Hacienda Looc, which covers 1,378 hectares, its
to pay homage to Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage. Along the way to the Shrine is the Sumulong Highway where the overlooking view of Metro Manila can be seen while enjoying the facilities offered by food establishments operating in the area. The province is also known for the Hinulugang Taktak and Daranak/Batlag Falls. Travel Movements to the Southern Tagalog Region Table 2-21 shows the over-all distribution of foreign visitors and domestic tourist travel movements to the various areas of the Philippines. The data confirmed the dominance of Southern Tagalog as a tourist destination. Moreover, there may be underestimation of travel movements statistics from the NCR to the region. Many tour options situated especially in the CALABARZON region can be accessed in less than half a day with visitors undertaking short trips to the region but stay in NCR for the night. The proximity of the region to Metro Manila, the high
Table 2-21 Foreign and Domestic Tourist Travel Movements by Region (In Thousand)
level of infrastructure development and the existence of a wide range of accommodation and tourism oriented establishment are factors that attract trips to the Region. Table 2-22 shows the number of travelers to the region on a per province basis for the period 2000 to 2002. Of the total travelers that visited the CALABARZON region, percent visited Cavite while 30 percent visited Laguna. It is surprising to note that the statistics shows only 2.5 percent visited Batangas for the period 20002002. On the average the CALABARZON region contributed 93 percent of travelers to Region IV from 2000-2002. Report from DOT reveals that seven out of the 14 most visited places in the Luzon, seven are found in Region IV, five of which are in the CALABARZON region namely: Pagsanjan, Los Banos, Ternate, Tagaytay and Batangas.
Table 2-22 Distribution of Travelers in the CALABARZON (In Thousand)
Province Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON MIMAROPA TOTAL STR
2000 40 1,071 60 1,767 7 2,945 201 3,146
2001 64 1,890 2,027 246 26 4,253 230 4,483
2002 169 2,022 1,208 327 3,726 339 4,065
Total 273 4,983 3,295 2,340 33 10,924 770 11,694
Region CAR NCR I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII XIII ARMM
1990 1,328 307 44 53 260 151 218 350 93 122 296 274 117
1993 259 2,164 166 161 61 133 116 257 486 85 164 329 202 111
1997 752 4,068 512 284 481 387 266 261 1,212 130 260 581 553 208 250 597
2000 1,139 289 443 234 3,146 356 570 1,005 135 243 546 560 203 252
2001
2002
1,240 1,278 344 545 262 367 629 355 582 350 389 836
4,483 4,065
Source: Department of Tourism Regional Office IV
1,013 1,063 175 175 233 506 638 317 280 200 550 540 425 277
Tourism activities play a major role in the development of an area. It has far reaching relationship with other sectors such as manufacturing, environment, agriculture and infrastructure. Tourism contribution to the economy comes in the form of investment in tourism facilities and travelers expenditure on accommodation, food and beverage, sightseeing, entertainment, local transport, shopping, and other personal services.
30
D.
POVERTY SITUATION AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT STATUS

Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Families
provinces of the MIMAROPA region contributed also to the increased poverty incidence in CALABARZON. Poverty was prevalent in the rural areas accounting for more than 60 percent of the total poor families in the region, making poverty a major concern. Poor families in both the rural and urban areas should be given equal access to basic services and livelihood and employment opportunities to help alleviate poverty. Poverty incidence among the provinces showed that the province of Quezon had the highest at 34.10 percent. However, significant improvement in the living conditions in Quezon was noted as the number of poor families declined from 139,677 in 1991 to 116,734 in 2000. Despite the decline, Quezon still accounted for the highest number of families (40%) whose income fell below the poverty line. Some 96,000 families, majority of which were in the rural areas relied on farming and fishing activities. Quezon ranked among the 44 poorest provinces in the country. Meanwhile, Rizal had the lowest poverty incidence at 8.0 percent and
1.
The regions poverty incidence or the proportion of families living below the poverty threshold was recorded at 16.05 percent in the year 2000. This was relatively lower by more than 50 percent compared with the national poverty incidence for the same year. Poverty incidence decreased from 33.86 percent in 1991 to 16.05 percent in 2000. Efforts of the government to alleviate poverty gained favorable outcome for the period 1994 to 1997 as the number of poor families declined from 371,000 to 274,778 families (Table 2-23). However, in the year 2000, an additional12,695 families were once again amont those living below the poverty line. The slump in the regional economy in 1998 brought by the El Nio/La Nia Phenomenon and the Asian financial crisis adversely affected the poor communities especially those slightly above the poverty line. The in-migration of poor families from Metro Manila and nearby
Table 2-23 Poverty Incidence by Province CALABARZON Region, 1991-2000 Indicators Incidence of Families 1991 1994 1997 2000 Magnitude of Poor Families 1991 1994 1997 2000
Source: NSCB
Philippines
CALABARZON Batangas
Cavite
Provinces Laguna
Quezon
Rizal
39.9 35.5 31.8 33.7
33.86 31.48 18.63 16.05
37.5 36.5 22.1 20.9
18.9 11.6 8.0 10.2
25.6 18.8 12.3 8.6
53.9 48.3 36.5 34.1
26.9 18.4 8.3 8.0
4,780,865 4,531,170 4,511,151 5,139,565
371,879 371,000 274,778 287,473
80,200 107,797 71,530 71,688
47,781 28,706 22,647 38,084
61,010 55,162 40,874 33,412
139,677 147,247 123,156 116,734
43,211 32,088 16,571 27,555
Poverty incidence for the region was computed based on base dat
31
also the lowest in terms of number of poor families of 27,555. The provinces of Batangas, Cavite and Laguna posted poverty incidence at 20.90 percent, 10.80 percent and 8.6 percent, respectively. Although Cavite and Rizal had lower poverty incidence, poverty data show that the biggest increment in the number of poor families were in Cavite with 15,437 and Rizal with 10,984 families. The increase in the number of poor families was noted in the urban areas of the said provinces. This can be attributed to the in-migration and relocation of squatters in the areas.
Table 2-24 Human Development Index (HDI) CALABARZON Region, 1997-2000 HDI1/ Provinces Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal 2000 0.741 0.756 0.725 0.696 0.765 1997 0.653 0.689 0.687 0.587 0.733 Percent Change in HDI2/ 13.48% 9.72% 5.53% 18.57% 4.37% Rank1/ 2000 4 2 9 19 1 1997 11 5 6 23 1 Difference Between Ranks2/ 7 3 -3 4 0
Source: Human Development Network Philippine Human Development Report (HDN-PHDR) 1/ HDN-PHDR 2/ Computed 2/ Computed
The regions average annual family income in 2000 as computed was Php115,227.00 which was relatively lower than the national average of Php144,039.00. The average family income varies among the provinces of the region. The provinces of Rizal, Cavite and Laguna had an average family income higher than the regional average. The regions family income was mainly sourced from salaries and wages (non-agriculture), entrepreneurial activities (whole sale and retail) and cash assistance from either domestic or foreign means. 2. Human Development Index
rank, i.e., from number 11 in 1997 to number four in 2000. Laguna, however, went down in terms of ranking but posted a 5.5 percent increase in its actual HDI level (Table 2-13). In the case of Laguna, its rate of increase in HDI was lower compared with other provinces of the country, thus, it was overtaken in terms of rank. The HDI was advocated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in 1990 in response to the need to distinguish growth and development. It was conceived to measure how well a country or area has performed in the three outcomes of development: the state of health (measured by life expectancy at birth), the level of knowledge of skill (measured by adult illiteracy and enrolment rates), and the level of real per capita income, adjusted to reflect the priority given to relieving absolute poverty. 3. 3.1 Health and Nutrition Infant Mortality
As an indicator of quality of life, the human development index (HDI) of provinces in CALABARZON was consistently among the highest and has been improving over time. Between 1997 and 2000, CALABARZON was one of the few regions where all its provinces had an increased HDI. Quezon registered the highest percentage of improvement (18.6 %) followed by Batangas (13.5 %) and Cavite (9.7 %). Rizal province recorded the lowest percentage improvement but maintained its number one rank in terms of HDI level. With the increase in Quezons HDI, all the provinces of CALABARZON are now in the top 20. Batangas province also showed a remarkable increase in 32
On infant mortality rate (IMR) or the number of deaths per 1,000 livebirths, CALABARZONs rate decreased from 20.75 in 1998 to 15.79 in 2002. Except in 1998, IMR was highest in Quezon while consistently low-
est in Rizal province (Table 2-14). Like Crude Death Rate and Crude Birth Rate, the data on IMR reveal that the provinces have a better situation compared to the cities. This suggests some measurement errors because cities which most likely would have better economic situations should have lower IMRs. Again, the reason for this is that the hospitals where deaths occur are located in cities. Among, the leading cause of infant death was pneumonia, followed by premature births. Other leading causes of IMR include congenital anomaly, sepsis neonatorum, septicemia, respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia neonatorum, diarrhea disease, fetal deaths and placental insufficiency. 3.2 Maternal Mortality
decreased from 81 in 1998 to 76 deaths in 2002. For the period under review, the most number of maternal deaths were from Quezon; however, the death rates of the cities of San Pablo and Antipolo were also high. 3.3 Protein Energy Malnutrition
Maternal death or mothers who die during pregnancy or due to childbirth complications
Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) among pre-schoolers, as measured through the Operation Timbang (OPT), improved slightly in the region from a prevalence rate of 3.6 percent in 2001 to 3.5 percent in 2002. The magnitude also decreased from 58,721 to 56,902 for the same years under review. Cavite and Quezon topped the provinces with the highest malnutrition rate in 2002 with 4.9 and 4.7 percent, respectively, while Cavite City and Tanuan City, the highest with 4.2 percent (Table 2-26). Lucena City and Antipolo City showed marked decreases while malnutrition increased in Cavite province and San Pablo City. With the
Table 2-25 Infants Deaths CALABARZON Region, 1998-2002 Areas Provinces Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Cities Antipolo Batangas Calamba Cavite Lipa Lucena San Pablo Tanauan Tagaytay Trece Total 1998 No. 338 475 642 156 353 Rate 11.25 11.79 14.56 6.98 10.99 No. 245 449 460 399 372 1999 Rate 8.09 10.01 12.37 16.03 10.57 No. 428 506 381 455 94 134 101 29 154 151 94 3 35 2,565 2000 Rate 12.75 10.61 10.59 13.64 3.38 11.62 16.11 13.43 32.01 50.74 12.81 3.40 24.70 16.60 No. 334 506 450 361 238 151 113 23 103 98 93 9 24 2,503 2001 Rate 9.81 10.23 12.03 11.52 8.39 12.99 17.35 10.99 20.55 27.61 13.18 12.18 19.90 14.36 No. 262 393 354 367 75 123 106 86 53 129 122 114 61 2 45 2,292 2002 Rate 7.96 7.89 10.96 11.49 2.56 9.50 16.74 12.84 25.36 25.52 35.45 17.47 21.93 2.07 29.07 15.79
96 31 164 196 85 9 39 2,584
16.85 14.95 37.87 54.38 15.55 10.39 43.48 20.75
115 27 167 151 94 8 87 2,574
18.88 14.10 35.91 42.24 16.37 10.03 113.87 25.71
Source: DOH Annual Reports
33
Situational Analysis Table 2-26 Moderate and Severe Malnourished Pre-Schoolers CALABARZON Region, CY 2001 and 2002
2001 Areas Provinces Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Cities Antipolo Batangas Calamba Cavite Lipa Lucena San Pablo Tagaytay Tanauan T. Martirez CALABARZON 3,845 792 724 714 2,048 484 88 137 58,721 4.42 2.07 4.17 2.07 5.49 1.11 1.38 1.66 3.61 9,571 12,780 8,857 11,431 7,250 3.58 4.44 2.58 5.51 2.75 No. of Moderate & Severely Malnourished Prevalence Rate (%)
2002 No. of Moderate & Severely Malnourished 8,192 14,448 4,896 12,775 6,807 Prevalence Rate (%)
Percentage Change in the Number of Malnourished Children -14.41 13.05 -44.72 11.76 -6.11
Percentage Points Difference
3.3 4.9 2.4 4.7 2.5
-0.28 0.46 -0.18 -0.81 -0.25
3,012 928 1,693 697 769 1,373 577 93 499 143 56,902
2.9 2.3 3.1 4.2 2.1 3.8 1.4 1.4 4.2 1.6 3.5
-21.66 17.17 -3.73 7.70 -32.96 19.21 5.68 4.38 -3.10
-1.52 0.23 0.03 0.03 -1.69 0.29 0.02 -0.06 -0.11
Annual of Reports Source: DOH Department Health (DOH)
use of the International Reference Standard (IRS) in measuring malnutrition, the percentage of malnourished pre-schoolers will definitely increase. Compared to food sufficiency levels, it was noted that sufficiency of cereals particularly rice was closely associated with nutrition status of the areas. The areas with high-sufficiency levels on cereals like Laguna and Batangas had the lowest malnutrition levels. Areas with high malnutrition rates, e.g., Cavite province, also had the lowest sufficiency level on cereals.
3.4
Health Facilities
On health facilities, as of 2000 the region had a total of 226 hospitals, 64 of which were government and 162 were private hospitals. These hospitals had a total bed capacity of 7,509, yielding a ratio of one bed per 1,317 population. Other health facilities available were Barangay Health Stations (1,844) and Regional Health Units (203) equivalent to ratios of one per 5,363 population and one per 48,720 population, respectively. The tertiary hospitals were mostly lo-
34
cated in the catchment areas because of the economies of scale thus depriving the fourth to sixth class municipalities. Given this, there is a need to strengthen the referral system and upgrading the capacities of district hospitals on the provision of higher levels of health services. 4. 4.1 Education Participation Rates in Basic Education
percent in 2015. Among the divisions, Rizal and Cavite City have the lowest participation rates. The low participation rate in Rizal may be due to the fact that children of more affluent families of the province enroll in schools located in the NCR. Some reasons for low participation rate were: lack of schools in some barangays, poor health and nutrition, low income or poverty, and far distance between home and schools (far-flung areas), lack of interest in school, hostility of teachers in the classroom as well as the decisions of families to sacrifice the schooling of employable family members in exchange for additional income, especially for the poor with unwieldy family sizes. From SY 1996-1997 to SY 2001-2002, the region showed a decrease in secondary participation rate, from 80 percent to 72 percent (Table 2-28). The trend during the five-year period had been fluctuating from a high of 85 percent in SY 1997-1998 to a low of 72 percent in SY 2001-2002. The division of Rizal recorded the lowest participation rate at 58 percent during the last SY under review while Lipa City had the highest at 92 percent. The low participation rates in the CALARI area may be due to some measurement errors because some of the students who are enrolled in other divisions (e.g. cities of NCR) are not included in the computation. The availability of blue-collared jobs in these areas as the well as high cost of tuition, miscellaneous fees and transportation may also have an effect on the participation of students in schools. There is no data on early childhood care and development (ECCD) participation rates except for the enrolment in pre-school which showed marked improvement. The total pre-school enrollment in 1996 of 44,279 increased to 128,194 in 2001. The abrupt increase in enrollment for pre-school is attributed largely to the increased recognition on the importance of providing proper stimulation to pre-schoolers and later because 35
From SY 1992-1993 to SY 2000-2001, the region showed an increase in elementary participation rate, from 82.8 percent to 89.4 percent (Table 2-27). However, despite the increase gained by the region in terms of elementary participation rate, the region still needs to exert effort in order to achieve a 100 percent participation rate in 2015 as targeted in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG). Likewise, it shall be noted that the Philippine Constitution also provides that elementary education is mandatory. Furthermore, looking at a period of five years, all the divisions in the region have a high probability of achieving the MDG target of 100
Table 2-27 Elementary Participation Rate CALABARZON Region, SY 1997-1998 to SY 2001-2002 Divisions Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City CALABARZON 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 90.0 92.0 93.5 97.1 95.6 94.8 97.1 92.3 101.5 92.7 96.5 97.9 91.7 97.7 85.5 83.0 89.3 92.5 92.6 96.5 97.6 98.6 86.7 87.2 81.8 99.0 97.1 99.3 102.8 88.2 97.9 96.2 97.2 83.6 82.0 96.2 98.5 113.3 115.1 95.2 95.8 87.4 101.7 102.0 90.2 81.3 96.0 95.5 94.5 86.3 93.2 95.0 96.4 97.4 89.4
Source: Department of Education (DepEd) IV-A
Table 2-28: Secondary Participation Rate By Division, CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2001-2002 (In Period) Divisions Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City
CALABARZON
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 73.5 84.2 80.0 80.9 76.0 79.1 56.2 67.7 65.0 83.9 86.4 89.4 100.0 94.9 93.8 92.5 86.1 88.6 79.9 90.5 79.7 85.2 70.3 73.6 75.5 80.6 74.0 77.7 80.0 77.1 77.7 71.3 55.6 61.3 72.8 32.1 71.5 86.4 88.0 89.3 91.0 90.5 86.6 93.6 112.0 117.4 72.5 74.2 78.6 71.8 69.0 70.4 79.0 74.6 80.6 66.9 73.9 64.2 62.6 58.5 78.6 83.8 92.5 78.5 60.3 72.0
other students were being forced to work at an early age (child labor). Repetition accounted for only two percent while measurement errors may have been due to non-recording of students who transferred residence. Quezon province registered the highest in terms of drop-out rate, among the provinces, while Cavite province the lowest with three percent. On repetition rates, Quezon was also among the highest at 2.04 percent while Cavite registered the lowest at 0.70 percent. Secondary cohort survival rate (CSR) which is the percentage of those who start the first year of high school who actually reach the fourth and final year was consistently low and is on a declining trend, i.e., from 78.2 percent in SY 1996-1997 to 75 percent in SY 2000-2001 (Table 2-30). Among the school divisions, Cavite consistently had the lowest percentage in cohort survival while Batangas province and Rizal recorded the highest. Data show that the regions cohort survival rate was consistently higher compared to the national average. The continued low CSR has long-term negative effects on the quality of the regions manpower. The main reason for the low CSR at the elementary and secondary level was the prevaTable 2-29 Elementary Cohort Survival Rate by Division CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2001-2002(In Period) Divisions Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City 1996 83.8 87.8 87.1 68.0 87.0 84.5 82.5 83.5 86.5 82.7 1997 84.3 88.3 83.6 72.3 88.1 84.1 82.3 86.1 85.5 85.3 1998 85.8 89.2 94.5 72.0 88.7 84.3 78.0 86.4 86.0 82.5 1999 71.0 52.6 73.3 69.4 65.4 84.0 0.0 87.8 110.6 67.8 2000 83.6 83.4 82.3 80.3 95.8 79.7 84.5 83.6 85.3 76.9 2001 83.0 92.0 82.0 75.4 85.5 82.2 82.4 82.4 82.8 79.0
Source: DepEd IV-A
of the passage of the ECCD Act. During the fiveyear period, DepEd organized a number of kindergarten classes and also encouraged the private sector to participate through service contracting schemes. 4.2 Cohort Survival Rates in Basic Education
The cohort survival rate is a gauge of the staying power of the students in the particular educational level as it indicates what percent of those who start in grade 1 actually reach the final grade, grade 6. Table 2-29 presents the elementary cohort survival rate in CALABARZON from SY 1996 1997 to SY 2000 2001. It reflects that the highest cohort survival rate was achieved in 1998 with 84.70 percent and the lowest in 1999 with 68.2 percent. By division, Quezon registered the lowest cohort survival rate as of 2001 while Cavite province posted the highest with 92 percent. A low cohort survival rate was primarily due to dropping out from school, repetition and measurement errors. Some students dropped out from school because of diminished interest while 36
CALABARZON 83.3 84.0 84.7 68.2

Source: DepEd IV-A
83.6 82.7
Table 2-30 Secondary Cohort Survival Rate by Division CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2000-2001 (In Percent) Divisions Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City 1996 1997 1998 1999 81.06 81.71 70.21 72.75 74.26 61.12 79.95 84.58 51.92 76.25 2000 87.56 72.88 71.64 81.30 72.37 60.76 77.32 67.34 78.28 74.59
4.3
Quality of Basic Education
87.48 83.08 82.03 79.45 81.05 78.26 72.11 76.27 74.71 80.80 83.53 81.36 81.61 83.25 77.05 69.21 65.17 62.41 76.73 75.53 71.24 76.39 73.76 73.49 80.74 71.19 71.73
77.57 82.07 81.08 104.92 76.43
The MDG target for access to basic education is easily achievable but in terms of quality, it is still low as shown in the National Elementary Achievement Test (NEAT) for elementary and National Secondary Achievement Test (NSAT) for secondary. The latest NEAT data (2000), for example, recorded a 50.91 passing percentage while the NSAT had 54.3 percent. 4.4 Basic Education Facilities and Manpower
CALABARZON 78.21 77.49 75.34

Source: DepEd IV-A
lence of drop-outs. CALABARZON recorded a high elementary drop-out rate from SY 1996 1997 to SY 2000 2001 ranging from a low of 4.7 percent in 1997 to 7.6 in 1998. Except for Quezon provinces, the cities have generally higher drop-out rates. The Survey of Children (SOC) indicated that Quezon had the highest number of working children.
The increase in population has also resulted in the construction of more classrooms and school buildings to accommodate incoming pupils for elementary and secondary levels. Table 2-31 shows the comparison of the number of schools in elementary and secondary level from SY 1996 1997 to SY 2000 2001. In a span of five years, there were only 59 schools added for the elementary level or a percentage increase of 2.3 percent. Among the divisions, Rizal posted the highest increase while in Lucena City there was no additional school.
Table 2-31 Number of Schools in Elementary and Secondary Level CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2001-2002 SY 1996 1997 Division Elem. Including Annexes 614 325 338 783 208 80 12 65 39 63 2,527 Secondary Including Annexes 79 49 66 88 20 13 2 15 2 7 341 SY 2001 2002 Elem. Including Annexes 626 334 349 792 221 81 13 66 39 65 2,586 Secondary Including Annexes 93 61 69 134 45 14 1 15 2 8 442 % Change Elem. Sec.
Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City CALABARZON
Source: DepEd IV-A
1.95 2.77 3.25 1.15 6.25 1.25 8.33 1.54 0.00 3.17 2.33
17.72 24.49 4.55 52.27 125.00 7.69 -50.00 0.00 0.00 14.29 29.62
37
In the secondary level, the number of schools showed sharp increase at 29.6 percent. By division Rizal registered the highest increase at 125 percent followed by Quezon and Cavite with 53 and 24 percent, respectively. One secondary school closed in Cavite City while there were no additional high schools in Lipa City and Lucena City. The modest increase in the number of schools at the elementary level and notable increase at the secondary level was not sufficient to cater to the rapid increase in school-age population as shown by large classroom sizes and high class-classroom ratios at both levels especially in the catchment areas. Data from SY 1994-1995 to SY 20002001 show that the regional average of class to classroom ratio was more than one indicating that there were more classes than elementary classrooms available. The cities have generally higher class-classroom ratios compared to the provinces (Table 2-32).
large volume of secondary school entrants. From a low 1:1.13 in 1996, this increased to 1:1.30 in 2000. Among the areas with more classes than the number of classrooms are Rizal province, Cavite City and Lucena City (Table 2-33).
Table 2-33 Secondary Class-Classroom Ratio By Division, CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 1999-2000 Divisions Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City CALABARZON 1996 1997 0.99 1.10 1.05 1.04 1.28 0.99 1.79 1.00 1.08 0.98 1.13 1.15 1.16 1.30 1.05 1.70 1.31 1.50 1.31 1.20 1.52 1.32 1998 1.05 1.26 1.10 1.08 1.32 1.06 1.83 1.07 1.10 1.04 1.191 1999 2000 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.4 2.0 1.2 2.0 1.2 1.48 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.7 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.7 1.1 1.3
Source: DepEd IV-A
While large class sizes is commonly exThe need for more classrooms is more perienced in cities and highly urbanized municipronounced at the secondary level given the palities, a total of 155 far-flung barangays are not served by a public elementary school Table 2-32 Elementary Class-Classroom Ratio (Table 2-34). Of the total elementary by Division, CALABARZON Region, school-less barangays, a total of 63 or SY 1994-1995 to 1999-2000 41 percent is prioritized for SY 2004 to Divisions 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2005 and of these, 26 have ready school Batangas 1.02 1.02 0.99 1.05 1.05 1.0 0.9 sites. Among the divisions, Batangas provCavite 1.06 1.08 1.10 1.13 1.26 1.1 1.1 ince has the most number of barangays Laguna 1.05 1.08 1.05 1.09 1.10 1.2 1.0 not served by an elementary school (23 Quezon 1.04 1.04 1.04 1.06 1.08 1.0 1.0 %) followed by Quezon (19 %), Cavite (15 Rizal 1.27 1.28 1.33 1.32 1.5 1.0 %) and Rizal (12 %). The main reason for Batangas City 1.01 1.05 0.99 1.06 1.06 1.1 1.0 the non-establishment of schools in farCavite City 1.14 1.6 1.79 1.82 1.83 1.9 1.5 flung barangays is usually the small popuLipa City 1.05 1.04 1.00 1.08 1.07 1.1 1.0 lation in these areas hence establishing schools may not be cost efficient and Lucena City 1.08 1.17 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.1 1.0 thereby least prioritized. Usually, the reSan Pablo City 1.00 0.94 0.98 1.04 1.04 1.0 1.0 quirement for the establishment of a school CALABARZON 0.945 1.13 1.13 1.18 1.19 1.2 1.05 in terms of the number of school-age children is not met in far-flung areas. The probSource: DepEd IV-A 38
Table 2-34 Number of Barangays without Public Elementary Schools (ES) and Municipalities without Public High Schools (HS) CALABARZON Region, SY 2004 Divisions Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City CALABARZON
Source: DepEd IV-A
No. of Brgys. not Priority Brgys. for served by an ES Establishment of ES 72 36 24 11 7 2 30 7 19 4 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 155 63
With ready School Site 6 7 2 7 1 1 1 0 1 0 26
No. of Brgys. not Served by HS 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
lem on establishing schools is now compounded with the unavailability of school sites. At the secondary level, only one municipality in Laguna does not have a public secondary school. It should be noted, however, that private secondary schools are partly subsidized by the government through the Government Assistance to Private Education (GASTPE). The GASTPE is in compliance with the Free Secondary Education Act. Given the increase in gross enrolment by level for the past five years, the Department of Education (DepEd) and the Local Government Units (LGUs) have increased the number of plantilla positions for teachers in elementary and secondary but is still not enough to meet the growing enrolment. Data in SY 2001-2002 for example show that there were 33,359 nationally- and locally-funded teachers in public elementary schools, and 12,823 in public secondary schools. For, SY 2002-2003, the DepEd projected that a total of 3,350 public elementary school teachers would be needed in the region. Among the school districts, Cavite Province had
registered the highest number of teachers needed in elementary at 1,392, followed by Laguna with 827. Cavite City was the only district which did not require any needed teacher for elementary (Table 2-33). The increasing participation of the LGUs especially the cities and municipalities in the delivery of basic education particularly on hiring of teachers and not only on building construction and improvement is notable. Rizal and Cavite provinces had the most number of teachers funded by their city/municipal governments. Also to be noted is the significant contribution of the Parents, Teachers and Community Associations (PTCA) in the provision of primary education. For the secondary level, CALABARZON as of SY 2002 2003 needed 2,304 teachers identifying the province of Laguna as having the highest requirement at 505. Batangas City had the least number of needed secondary teachers at 7 (Table 2-34). On the source of funding, Batangas had the most number of teachers funded by the LGU while there were no reports on LGU funded-teachers for Laguna and the cities of Cavite, Lipa and San Pablo.
39
Table 2-35 Nationally and Locally Funded Teachers in Public Elementary Schools CALABARZON Region, 2002-2003 Nat. Funded UNDER SEF Teachers Mun/ (MT/T) Prov'l. City 32,662 6,109 5,806 5,359 6,825 4,825 969 456 778 664 871 7 4 226 174 12 17 0 3 6 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 52 0 0 0 0 5 198 LOCALLY FUNDED TEACHERS DECS Funded LGU PTCA VolunFunded Region Division Funded teer 263 60 0 0 186 26 12 44 64 12 Grand Total 33,359 6,169 6,013 5,359 6,898 5,023 1,050 456 784 681 926 Teacher Needs 3,350 113 1,392 827 241 664 8 0 11 78 16
DIVISION CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City
Others 3 3
Source: DepEd IV-A Annual Report 2002
Table 2-36 Nationally and Locally Funded Teachers in Public Secondary Schools CALABARZON Region, 2002-2003 Nat. Funded UNDER SEF Teachers Mun/ (MT/T) Prov'l. City 11,924 1,768 2,690 1,992 2,055 1,676 488 248 355 361 291 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 10 41 285 51 7 1 95 22 158 LOCALLY FUNDED TEACHERS DECS Funded LGU Funded Region Divisio 653 324 3 7 0 0 PTCA VolunFunded Others teer 51 14 1 Grand Total 12,823 2,092 2,795 1,992 2,208 1,961 498 248 355 383 291 Teacher Needs 2,304 349 419 505 256 499 7 13 7 46 203
DIVISION CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City
Source: DepEd IV-A Annual Report 2002
40
The most important factor that affects student learning is the teacher hence there is a need not only to meet the desired number but also to improve their effectiveness. A comprehensive training program for teachers should be put in place to address this concern. Despite the effort of the government to provide additional teachers, the trend in teacher-pupil ratio which measures the adequacy of teachers in relation to the pupil/student population showed that the provision of teacher item position cannot cope with the rapid increase in pupil/student population. Data from SY 1994-1995 to SY 2000-2001 show that teacher-pupil ratio at the elementary level is on an upward trend but not very far from the standard ratio of 1:40. It shall be pointed out, however, that wide variations exists within the divisions with some highly urbanized regions posting teacher-pupil ratio of 1:70 while other farflung areas have less than 40 per teacher (Table 2-37).
Table 2-37 Primary Teacher-Pupil Ratio by Division CALABARZON Region, SY 1994-1995 to 2000-2001 (In Percent) Divisions Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City CALABARZON
Source: DepEd IV-A
Table 2-38 Secondary Teacher-Pupil Ratio by Division CALABARZON Region, SY 1996-1997 to 2000-2001 (In Percent) Divisions Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Batangas City Cavite City Lipa City Lucena City San Pablo City CALABARZON 1997 35 35 40 52 48 31 26 37 35 52 39.1 1998 39 38 40 37 48 30 27 38 33 54 38.4 1999 36 35 37 37 53 29 29 37 34 57 38.4 2000 40 39 44 39 58 30 28 39 36 55 40.8 2001 45 42 49 42 65 31 28 42 39 63 44.6
Source: DepEd IV-A
For the secondary level, an increasing pattern similar with the elementary level was observed. San Pablo City and Rizal province showed the highest teacher-pupil ratio while Batangas City and Lucena City showed better ratios, lower than the ideal of 1:40 (Table 2-38). Lucena City and Batangas City are among the highest in terms of NSAT result. One factor which may have a direct effect in the teacher-pupil ratio is the continuous increase in population, whether through natural increase or migration. Another factor is the scarcity of funds which makes it difficult to hire additional new teachers in the region. This case is parallel to the conclusion observed in the Secondary Class-Classroom Ratio. The contribution to students learning through the use of textbooks is equally important as meeting the teacher-pupil ratio. Textbooks provide information to students at home and in school. Given the present data on the number of textbooks in the region,
1994 37 45 45 48 48 36 34 38 45 35
1996 37 50 46 39 52 37 35 40 47 36
1998 39 52 50 47 58 40 35 44 48 38 45.1
2000 39 52 50 47 55 38 36 43 46 38 44.4
41.1 41.9
41
CALABARZON encounters difficulty in meeting the standard ratio of 1:1 or one textbook per pupil for all grade levels in elementary. According to the current data, Grade 1 level had the most shortage of textbooks in the region at 133,427. Among the school districts, Batangas City is the only school district that was able to provide an adequate number of textbooks for all grade levels in elementary. The province of Quezon, on the other hand, has the most number of shortages for all grade levels. Many of the schools in the region also experienced shortage in arm chairs, laboratory and other learning devices. Other schools also complained of antiquated instruments for Science and other subjects with laboratory or practicum. 4.5 Culture and Moral Values
Table 2-39 Abused Children Provided with Services, CALABARZON, 2000-2003 Services Provided Children Abandoned Neglected Rape Incest Act of Lasciviousness Victims of Prostitution Physically abused/ maltreated/battered Children in Conflict with the law Victims of Child Labor
Source: DSWD IV-A, 2004
2000 2001 2002 2003 84 109 54 27 23 5 53 94 11 48 47 69 25 15 2 14 77 10 79 69 96 47 42 34 19 28 25 4 15 9 7 7
75 54 16 3
persons with disabilities, and 5) older persons. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is the lead agency in attending to the concerns of the five subsectors. Through the agencys programs and services, different concerns presented by the five subsectors are continuously being addressed. For the past four years, DSWD has provided different programs and services to affected individuals, groups and families of the five subsectors. For children alone, services required from the department ranged from children that were abandoned by their families to victims of child labor. In 2000, programs and services for neglected children were mostly utilized by DSWD. However, in 2003 most programs and services requested from or implemented by the department were for children that were in conflict with the law. Many services pertaining to abandonment, neglect, rape, incest, and act of lasciviousness were also implemented during a period of four years.
Another concern in the education sector is that children seem to have low appreciation of their own culture and traditional values. It is in this light that values education and cultural appreciation have to be reinforced at all levels. 5. Social Welfare
Social Development is not only defined as the provision of programs and services such as education, health and nutrition, electrification, housing and potable water to people. What constitutes Social Development is the impact of programs and services delivered to people. The Social Welfare Sector is an important component of Social Development. It comprises five subsectors which are also considered vulnerable groups in society. Measuring the impact of programs and services in the Social Welfare Sector is not an easy task as it deals with its subsectors which present different concerns. The subsectors of the Social Welfare Sector are: 1) children, 2) women, 3) youth, 4) 42
Likewise, table 2-39 shows that for the past four years, demand for services varied from neglected children to abandoned children. In 2003 abandoned children obtained the highest number of services provided by DSWD IV-A which was only second to neglected children in 2002. For the youth, most of the programs and services delivered or implemented were categorized for youths that were released on recognizance for a period of four years. 2002 was the year with the most number of youth released on recognizance served. Other services requested were for custody supervision and mediation or diversion. (Table 2-40)
Table 2-40 Youth Offenders Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region , 2000-2003 Services Provided 2000 2001 2002 2003 Youth Release on Recognizance 75 89 92 85 Custody Supervision 12 18 15 10 Mediation/Diversion 15 7 5 2
It is notable that the number of women served under the different categories was quite low. This could be attributed to the low reporting or non-reporting of such cases at the local level. Furthermore, some interventions have been provided at the local level through the intervention of devolved social workers and other agencies. Services for Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) decreased from 2002 to 2003. However, it could be noted that 2003 showed a slight increase for extended assistance to PWDs comparing it to 2001 and 2002. It was in 2000 when many PWDs requested for extended assistance. (Table 2-42) The number of senior citizens provided with services have decreased in the past four years. It was in 2000 that many senior citizens were served, while the lowest was registered in 2003.
Table 2-42 Number of Persons with Disabilities and Senior Citizens Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region, 2000-2003 Services Provided PWDS PWDs extended assistance Senior Citizens assisted
Services provided to women who were physically abused, maltreated and battered were high in 2003. This has been consistent for the past three years (CY 2001 CY 2003). Services for rape victims followed abuse cases. (Table 2-41)
Table 2-41 Abused Women Provided with Services, CALABARZON Region , 2000-2003 Services Provided Women Rape Incest Physically abused/ maltreated/battered Victims of Illegal Recruitment Women in Detention
2000 176 55
2001 74 37
2002 85 33
2003 87 25
5.1
Social Welfare Facilities
2000 2001 2002 2003 21 8 12 5 13 1 1 1 15 9 16 1 5 2 12 3 1
The demand for program and services presented by the five sub-sectors has led to the establishment of Social Welfare facilities in the region. These facilities will help clientele cope with their existing negative condition, among others, on protection, rehabilitation, assistance and care-giving programs and services. Most of these facilities are either operated by the DSWD, or Non-Government Organizations (NGOs). On the other hand, Local 43
Government Units (LGUs) are also encouraged to establish such facilities since they are mandated to provide social welfare services to constituents under the Local Government Code. 5.2 Institutions
illegal recruitment, c) battered or abused, d) victims of armed conflict, and e) in detention. The Haven aims to enable their clientele to resolve their problems and restore their normal psycho-social functioning, thus regaining their self-worth and dignity through protective and rehabilitative services. 5.3 Other Social Welfare Facilities and Institutions
As provided by the Child and Youth Welfare Code or PD 603, Regional Rehabilitation Centers for youthful offenders shall be established to rehabilitate them and eventually lead them to becoming productive citizens in the future. Likewise, the code also states that children who have been abused or neglected should be provided protective services or shelter whether by relatives or the State to guide and help them in their rehabilitation form the situation they have experienced. In the implementation of the Child and Youth Welfare Code, the DSWD, being the primary government agency which provides social welfare services established three social welfare facilities in CALABARZON. These are the: 1) National Training School for Boys (NTSB), 2) Bahay Tuluyan (Home for Girls), and 3) Regional Haven for Women. The NTSB is a youth-caring institution primarily established to care, protect, rehabilitate and promote the interest and welfare of male children in conflict with the law with ages over nine but below 18 years old, committed by court. This is located in Tanay, Rizal. The Bahay Tuluyan (Home for Girls) on the other hand is a residential rehabilitation facility for girls below 18 years old who are under especially difficult circumstances. It is found in Dasmarinas, Cavite. The Regional Haven for Women is found in Rosario, Batangas. The Institution caters to women age 18-59 years who are: a) victims of involuntary or forced prostitution, b) victims of 44
The DSWD Facilities are complemented by institutions/facilities operated by NGOs and LGUs. These institutions/facilities cater to: 1) children, youth and women that are in need of special protection and shelter, 2) individuals, families and communities that are in need of livelihood programs and are in depressed areas, and 3) individuals (children, youth and elderly) who are disabled or handicapped. 6. Housing
The adequacy of housing may be assessed through the housing backlog, or the number of dwelling units needed at the beginning of the planning period due to doubled-up households, displaced units and homeless households. Doubled-up households is the ratio of household to occupied housing units given the norm of one housing unit to one household. For CALABARZON, data since 1960 revealed that doubled-up households do not show a consistent pattern suggesting that the construction of new housing units is tied with socioeconomic conditions. However, recent data for the region show that households to occupied housing units ratio slightly improved from 103 households per 100 housing units in 1990 to 102 in 2000. This means that for every 100 units occupied, only two households are sharing one unit with another household. The improvement was mainly accounted for by municipalities located
outside the catchment areas especially in Quezon province validating the de-urbanization pattern in the province. The catchment areas had higher prevalence of doubled-up household in 2000 although the average for the two areas in 1990 was the same. Rizal province had the highest prevalence of doubled-up households (Table 2-43).
Table 2-43 Households to Occupied Housing Units CALABARZON Region, 1960-2000 Provinces Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal REGION IV-A 1960 1.12 1.17 1.16 1.13 1.24 1.12 1970 1.02 1.01 1.03 1.11 1.30 1.07 1980 1.01 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.01 1990 1.02 1.02 1.04 1.02 1.04 1.03 2000 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.01 1.03 1.02
ratio is higher in catchment areas, the opposite was observed in the non-catchment areas. This indicates larger family sizes in rural compared to urban areas. Batangas province has the most number of persons per housing unit. Rizal has the least. Quezon and Batangas have the lowest percentage of population living in urban areas while Rizal is almost 100 percent urban. There are no exact figures on the level of homelessness in the region but preliminary data gathered by the DSWD showed an increasing incidence particularly in highly urbanized areas. Other indicators on the housing structures and presence of important utilities showed that housing in the region also needs special attention. Construction Materials of Roof and Outerwalls of Occupied Housing Units
If the construction materials of the outer walls and roof of occupied dwelling units are to The average number of persons per housing unit decreased from 5.4 in 1990 to 4.9 be used as basis of the quality of housing units, in 2000 (Table 2-44) reflecting slight decline in the quality of housing units in the region signififamily sizes. While household to housing unit cantly improved from 1990 to 2000. The proportion of occupied housTable 2-44 Household Population of Occupied Housing Units by ing units with durable outer Type of Building and City/Municipality, 1990-200 walls was up by 14 percent 1990 2000 from 72.6 percent in 1990 HH HH while housing units with duHHs to HHs to Areas Population Population Occupied Occupied rable roof increased by 12 to Occupied to Occupied HUs HUs percent in 2000 from 77 HUs Hus percent in 1990. Outer CALABARZON 1.03 5.35 1.02 4.94 walls considered durable 1. CATCHMENT AREAS 1.03 5.36 1.04 4.91 are those madeup of (a) * Metro Batangas 1.03 5.47 1.02 5.07 Concrete, brick, stone and * Metro Lipa 1.02 5.73 1.01 5.29 wood; (b) Half concrete/ * Northern Cavite Cluster 1.02 5.27 1.03 4.91 brick/stone and half wood; * Central Cavite Cluster 1.03 5.31 1.02 4.78 * Tagaytay-Silang Cluster 1.01 5.44 1.02 5.00 and, (c) galvanized Iron/ * Western Laguna Cluster 1.04 5.32 1.02 4.77 aluminum. For durable * San Pablo City-Metro Lucena 1.03 5.24 1.22 4.89 roof, the following con* Northern Rizal Cluster 1.04 5.36 1.03 4.89 struction materials are con2. OTHER AREAS 1.03 5.34 0.98 5.01 sidered: (a) Galvanized Source: NSO-CPH Iron/Aluminum; (b) Tile/ 45
Source of Basic Data: Census of Population and Housing
concrete/clay tile; and, (c) Half galvanized Iron and half concrete. Construction materials of housing units in catchment areas are better compared with HUs in non-catchment areas as shown by the 92 percent of the HUs in catchment areas had durable outer walls while 90 percent had durable roof. In contrast with the non-catchment areas, only 77 percent HUs had durable outer wall while 87 percent had durable roof. The percentage increase in durability of housing construction materials is much higher in non-catchment areas compared with catchment areas. The percentage of housing units owned or being amortized has decreased substantially from 82 percent in 2000 to 54.6 percent in 2000. In contrast, the HUs being rented, occupied for free with consent of the owner, occupied for free
without consent of the owner increased (Table 2-45). Unexpectedly, tenurial problems seem to be more pronounced in the non-catchment areas with 47.1 percent not having secured tenure compared with the catchment areas that posted 44 percent. The percentage HUs being rented is however higher in catchment areas (15 %) compared with the noncatchment areas (9 %). The percentage of HUs being occupied with permission of the owner is much higher in the non-catchment areas while the opposite is observed for the HUs being occupied without consent of the owners. Expectedly, Quezon registered the lowest percentage of HUs being amortized while Batangas posted the highest with 59.4 percent. The provinces which host the most number of subdivisions had the highest percentage of HUs being rented.
Table 2-45 Household in Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status of the Housing Unit (Figures are estimates based on a 10% sample) CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 Total Households Owned or in Occupied Being Hus amortized 1,218,561 719,190 499,371 272,116 222,151 269,342 265,762 189,190 1,877,818 1,022,075 855,743 374,767 428,879 417,932 299,662 356,578 81.79 79.75 84.73 87.63 81.75 78.88 82.29 76.91 54.58 56.02 52.86 59.42 58.82 55.60 40.73 54.83 TENURE STATUS OF THE HOUSING UNIT (%) Being Occupied for Being Occupied for Not Rented Free with Consent of Free w/o Consent reported the Owner Of the Owner 1990 8.30 9.70 0.21 11.32 8.64 0.28 3.94 11.22 0.10 3.70 8.59 0.09 11.03 7.06 0.17 10.61 10.41 0.09 5.08 12.44 0.19 12.93 9.53 0.63 2000 12.20 24.50 2.68 6.04 14.85 20.16 3.03 5.94 9.03 29.69 2.26 6.16 5.44 28.55 1.54 5.05 16.25 15.82 2.59 6.52 14.48 21.18 3.01 5.74 9.04 42.12 1.95 6.16 14.42 19.77 4.22 6.76
Areas
CALABARZON * CATCHMENT AREAS * OTHER AREAS Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON * CATCHMENT AREAS * OTHER AREAS Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal
Source: NSO-CPH
46
E.
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Roads
Southern Tagalog Access Road (STAR) Being a mainland region, CALABARZON is dominated by a road-based transport system, particularly major national roads connecting primary and secondary urban centers. Among these major roads are: The South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) which is the main backbone connecting Manila toCalamba City passing through Carmona, San Pedro, Bian, Sta. Rosa and Cabuyao. The Manila-Batangas Road connecting Calamba and Batangas City through Lipa City. The newly built 22-kilometer Southern Tagalog Access Road (STAR), a fast alternative route from Sto. Tomas, Batangas to Lipa City and Batangas City. The Manila South Road (MSR) links Calamba City and continues toward Quezon in the south up to the Bicol Region. (The MSR forms part of the Maharlika Highway or PAN-Philippine Highway, the countrys main trunkline linking north and south.) The Manila East Road links Rizal starting from Cainta toward the municipalities of Laguna and Quezon. Aguinaldo Highway, Molino Road, Calamba-Tagaytay Road and Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Road are main routes to Cavite. The proximity of Region IV-A to the NCR has generated a heavy traffic volume particularly in urban centers where regional and provincial trips for passengers, commodities and vehicles are high. These areas have been identified through the Origin-Destination (OD) survey contained in the Master Plan on the Luzon Island Strategic Road Development Network (LISR), series of 2001. For provincial trips, the highest generators for passenger trips are Cavite, Laguna and Batangas. Commodity trips are highest in Batangas and Quezon with NCR as the main attractor. For inter-region trips, passenger 47
48
No. of Vehicles
movement is highest in Region IV-A, followed by Region III and NCR. For intra-regional commodity trips, Region IV-A is second to Region III. For commodity group trips, movements for manufacturing products are most prevalent in Region IV-A, Region III and NCR. Mineral products including petrol have the most intraregion trips in Region IV-A.
Figure 2-12 Growth of Registered Vehicles CALABARZON Region, 1995-2002

600000
500000
400000
300000
200000
Vehicle registration in 100000 the region has doubled from 296,512 in 1996 to 560,196 in 0 2002. This means an average 1995 annual growth rate of 9.57 percent. Registration in 2002 comprised of 409,752 private, 146,086 for hire and 4,358 government vehicles. With these figures, the increase in vehicles in the region, as those of the rest of the country, is seen to continue. (Figure 2-12) The road system, particularly the two-lane national roads, has been designed for traffic volume below 10,000 veh/day. Congestion occurs when traffic exceeded this volume. Traffic volume is highest in the Laguna section of the South Luzon Expressway with more than 50,000 Annual Average Daily Traffic (AADT) in various sections and more than 10,000 on national roads going to urban centers (Table 2-46). The 1999 traffic level was taken from actual counts and compared with forecasts in the LISR Study. In general, the road requirement depends on land area and population. One of the indicators being used to assess road adequacy is road density. The regions overall road network as of year 2000, measured 11, 510.78 kilometers comprising 2,288.74 kilometers of national road and 9,222.03 kilometers of local roads. This translates into a road density of 0.71
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Year
km/sq. km. which is higher than the national average of 0.60 km/sq. km. The standard road density in relation to land area is 1 km/sq. km. Cavite and Batangas have road densities above the standard, Laguna and Rizal are slightly below the standard while Quezon has the lowest at 0.26. In terms of the road density in relation
Table 2-46 Estimated ADDT (<10,000) Traffic Level, 1999 Road Name South Luzon Expressway Carmona-Sta. Rosa Sta. Rosa-Cabuyao Cabuyao-Calamba Sto. Tomas-Batangas Road Mla South Road (San PedroCalamba) Bacoor-Dasamarinas Dasmarinas-Tagaytay Calamba-Tagaytay Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay Marikina-Infanta Pasig-Binangonan
Source: DPWH LISR Study
AADT 68,355.00 56,111.00 51,000.00 18,099.00 17,381.00 19,443.00 17,675.00 18,193.00 20,013.00 21,040.00 46,227.00
49
Table 2-47 Road Densities and Paved Ratio by Province CALABARZON Region, 2000 PROVINCE Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON Region III NCR Philippines TOTAL ROAD LENGTH (KM) 3,428.18 1,658.13 1,696.56 3,589.81 1,138.10 11,510.78 15,245.23 4,631.60 201,994.12 DENSITY PER 1000 POPULATION 1.80 0.80 0.86 2.14 0.67 1.23 1.90 0.47 2.64 DENSITY PER LAND AREA (KM/SQ.KM.) 1.08 1.29 0.97 0.41 0.87 0.71 0.83 7.31 0.60 Paved Road Ratio 0.41 0.56 0.66 0.26 0.57 0.44 0.21
Source of Basic Data: DPWH CO
to population, Quezon fared well at 1.23 km/ 1000 population while Rizal has the lowest road density at 0.67 km/1000 population. The regions total road network still needs much improvement and upgrading since only 44 percent are paved. The paved road ratio shows the percentage of paved road and also indicates how much of the road network is to be improved. Laguna has the highest paved road ratio at 0.66 while Quezon has the lowest at 0.26. Road densities and paved road ratio are shown in Table 2-47. On bridges, there are about 15,506 lineal meters of bridges along the national road in the region as of 2000. Of these, 93 percent are permanent structures while the remaining 7 percent are still temporary or bailey/timber bridges. Ports There are 146 existing ports in the CALABARZON Region. These consist of 52 fishing ports, 33 feeder ports, 37 private commercial ports and 24 public commercial ports. Feeder and public commercial ports are owned and operated by the government to serve the
Passenger boarding bridge (Batangas Port Phase I)
Berthing facility in Batangas Port (Phase I)
50
needs of the general public. Fishing ports are either owned/operated by the government or private entities constructed primarily to serve the fishing industry. The private commercial ports which are owned and operated by private entities are constructed primarily to serve the needs of the owner. Table 2-48 shows the distribution of ports per province. Ports located in Batangas, Cavite, Laguna and Quezon are seaports while ports located in Rizal and Laguna are within Laguna de Bay. Major port activities are derived from a robust demand for commodities, manufacturing and construction materials handling as well as developments in the agriculture sector. Batangas Port in Batangas City, which is considered as one of the major ports of entry in the Philippines, has consistently posted the highest record in shipping, passenger and cargo movements. It has occupied the topmost position in the total cargo haul followed by the North Harbor in Manila. In passenger handling, it is listed as second to Manilas North Harbor. From 1998 to 2002. shipcalls, cargo and passengers movements registered average annual growth rates of 3.23 percent, 5.94 percent and 10.97 percent, respectively. There were simultaneous increases in all port movements in year 2000 when Phase I of the Batangas Port
Development Project was completed. In 2001, a decrease in all port movements was experienced but in 2002, passenger traffic went up to as much as 24 percent. The port was planned to be fully developed as an international container port complementing port of Manila. With the ongoing construction of the Phase II project, it is expected to further respond to the increasing demands both within the region and from neighboring regions. Aside from Batangas Port, Siain Port in Quezon and Bauan Port in Batangas are under the PPA Port System . Two other ports - the Lucena Port in Lucena City and Calatagan Port in Calatagan, Batangas - are being developed as roll-on roll-off terminal ports. Calatagan Port is being developed as a sister port of Lubang Port. The new port link is envisioned to be part of the Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH). Airports The airport system in CALABARZON is not extensive due to the regions proximity to Metro Manila where the Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) is located. The regions airport system caters only to general aviation type of operation. General aviation is typically described as all aviation other than scheduled commercial flights and military aviation such as unscheduled commercial operations, corporate flight operations and private aviation.
Table 2-48 Distribution of Ports by Province, Classification and Status CALABARZON Region, 1999 Classification Commercial Feeder Private Public 3 0 0 26 4 33 28 1 0 2 6 37 7 1 0 0 16 24 Status Operational 47 4 7 36 40 134 NonOperational 1 2 3 0 6 12
Province Batangas Cavite Laguna Rizal Quezon CALABARZON

Source: NSCB
Total 48 6 10 36 46 146
Fishing 10 4 10 8 20 52
51
As of 2000, there are only Table 2-49 Inventory of Airports as of 30 June 2000 eight (8) existing and operational Airport Location Classification airports in the region as shown in 1. Alabat Quezon (Alabat) Feeder Table 4. These are classified into Quezon (Polillo Island Feeder four (4) private, three (3) feeder 2. Jomalig Quezon (Lucena City) Feeder (public) airports and one (1) military 3. Lucena airport. Majority of these airports 4. Manni W. Barradas Batangas (Tanauan) Private are located in Quezon with two (2) 5. Pagbilao Grande Island Quezon (Pagbilao) Private feeder airports (1 public, 1 private) 6. Tordesillas (Balesin) Quezon (Polillo Island) Private in Polillo Island, and one (1) feeder 7. Calatagan -HAD Bigas Batangas (Calatagan) Private airport each in Lucena, Alabat, and 8. Fernando Airbase Batangas (Lipa City) Military Pagbilao (private). Batangas has two (2) private airports located in Calatagan and general aviation operations along with other airTanauan. ports like Sangley in Cavite and Diosdado Macapagal International Airport (formerly Clark) Aircaft and passenger movements in in Region III. Jomalig Airport have declined since 1996 to 2000 while its cargo traffic went down by 91 percent Railways in year 2000. Likewise, Lucena Airport has registered its highest passenger traffic in 1998 and The PNR has two operational lines that went down to zero in year 2000. Only 6 aircraft traverse Laguna and Quezon, namely, the longmovements were registered in 2000. distance Passenger Service (Manila-Legazpi) and the Commuter Service (Manila-Calamba City). The Fernando Airbase in Lipa City is be- The two train services utilize a common track ing considered for conversion into a joint mili- which has a total length of 480 kilometers. The tary-civil airport facility. The Manila International non-operational or abandoned line is the Calamba Airport Authority (MIAA) has considered it as City to Batangas route. The ROW of both operaone of the possible relocation sites for the NAIA tional and non-operational lines have been proliferated by informal settlers. For the past five years, the passenger traffic of the long distance service has continually declined from 540,914 ridership in 1999 to 240,472 ridership in 2003. On the other hand, the ridership of the commuter service increased after it was improved and modernized in 1995. But the facilities have deteriorated due to poor maintenance, and again ridership has declined.
Informal settlers (squatters) proliferate in the ROW of PNR lines.
52
Communications In the early 1990s, the communication subsector was faced with slow growth due to the low investments in the 1980s. To address this problem, the government allowed the entry of more players through the liberalization/ deregulation policy to foster a more competitive environment in the industry. As the years passed, more policies, programs and projects were implemented in pursuit of public access to improved communication facilities and services. Telecommunications Telephone Telephone services in the region are provided mainly by 17 private telephone companies, with Philippine Long Distance Telecommunication (PLDT), Digital Telecommunications (DIGITEL) and Philippine Telegraph and Telephone Company (PT&T) having the largest area coverage and to a limited extent by the government thru the Telecommunications Office (Telof). As reforms in the telecommunications sector were instituted, services improved. The telephone density (teledensity) is the number of telephone lines per 100 persons. The regions
Figure 2-13 Teledensity by Province, 2002
teledensity (subscribed) in 2002 is 11.11(Figure 2-13). Of the five provinces in the region, Quezon has the lowest teledensity at 3.71. The number of installed lines increased from 961,571 in 1999 to 1,035,524 in 2002 (see Table 2-42). But again in Quezon, no new installed lines were recorded. The regions subscribed lines also increased by 4.53 percent.
In Table 2-50, subscribed telephone lines (demand) fell short of inTable 2-50 Installed Telephone Lines VS. Subscribed Telephone Lines stalled telephone lines 1999 and 2002 (supply) both in 1999 and in 2002. Only 41.36 per1999 2002 PROVINCE cent and 45.89 percent of Installed Subscribed Percent Installed Subscribed Percent Lines Line Subscribed Line Line Subscribed the installed lines in the region were subscribed in Batangas 194,960 60,653 31.11% 198,806 89,338 44.94% 1999 and 2002, respecCavite 295,220 97,590 33.06% 296,616 124,904 42.11% tively. One cause of unLaguna 212,557 98,730 46.45% 256,174 117,232 45.76% der subscription may be Quezon 64,972 37,304 57.42% 62,296 40,561 65.11% the lack of affordability to Rizal 193,862 103,391 53.33% 221,632 103,164 46.55% telecommunication serCALABARZON 961,571 397,668 41.36% 1,035,524 475,199 45.89% vices, particularly among Source: NTC low-income households 53
living in the rural areas. Also, in Figure 2-14, there was a marked decrease in telephone density from 13.36 to 11.11. Cellular Mobile Telephone Service (CMTS)
Figure 2-14 Telephone Main Line Density CALABARZON, 1992-2002
In general, the cellular mobile telephone service has been steadily growing at a rapid pace since the deregulation of the sector in the early 90s. This is due not only to low teledensity, economic growth, etc., but due largely to increased subscriber base attributed to the popularity of the short message service (more popularly known as text messaging) system, particularly among young cellular phone users. All provinces have access to CMTS, but this does not hold true for all municipalities. Power Sub-Sector Generating Capacity The strategic location of CALABARZON provinces and their potential for power generation have been fully utilized by the power sector in the manner that it feeds to the Luzon Grid system. Major power plants have been located in the CALABARZON area for 20 years or even earlier. It was also the prime location for power plants built mostly through private sector initiative in response to the power crisis that the country faced in 1992 and 1993. It was then that the private sector was vigorously invited to invest and participate in power generation to accelerate capacity augmentation. 54
In 2002, CALABARZON is generating a total of 1,804 MW coal produced power, 1,103.5 MW from hydropower, 425.73 MW from geothermal, 820.454 MW from oil, and 2,700 MW from natural gas. The total installed capacity in the region is 6,853.684 MW representing almost 77 percent of power supply entering the Luzon Grid. Fifty percent of generated power in the region is located in Batangas while the other half is distributed to: Laguna (22 %), Quezon (18 %), Rizal (9 %) and Cavite (1 %). Currently, the Luzon Grids power supply meets the existing power demand but by 2007, power shortage is inevitable if no additional power is generated. Hydro and geothermal power plants are located in Laguna. Batangas hosts natural gas power plants which serve as base load power plants of Malampaya gas in Palawan. Coal-fired power plants are in Quezon and Batangas, while oil-fed power plants are found in Quezon and Rizal.
The main issue in the power sub-sector is the projected shortage of the existing power supply against the projected power demands by the year 2007. This calls for additional generating capacities and energy conservation measures. Being a strategic location for power plants, the region is now faced with the question of whether or not to continue hosting additional power plants. If the region decides to do so, the question would be what kind and where to locate them? Related concerns in the establishment of power plants are the environmental hazards and settlement issues it brings with it. Examples of environmental hazards it brings are dust generation, carbon dioxide emissions and improper
Table 2-51 Existing Transmission Lines by Province, December 2002, CALABARZON Area (In Thousand)
waste disposal. Coal power plants are the main source of the environmental hazards. Carbon emissions coming from coal plants are said to contribute to the change in climate and the rapid warming of the world while the coal waste materials being dumped in open fields beside coastal fishing grounds causes mercury poisoning killing fishes, raising ocean levels, causes increased flooding and coral bleaching. Illegal entry, use of military force, unsettled compensation for tenants and occupants and damaged to properties are some of the settlement issues. Another issue is despite having the majority of the power plants in the Luzon Grid, some areas in CALABARZON, an industrial region, are still experiencing regular brownouts affecting the industries. This scenario causes the industries to put up their own generators for their smooth operations which entail additional cost to them. Furthermore, there is still a need for strict implementation of ER 1-94 setting aside one centavo for the host LGU per kilowatt-hour generated by the power producers. These funds are intended to compensate the host communities and bonafide residents for the detrimental effects of the power plant on the peoples employment, livelihood, environment and health.
PROVINCE Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal Total
500kV 95.46 142.80 559.12 79.34
230kV 235.09 186.92 360.63 695.21 191.60
115kV 17.48 17.48 16.14 51.10
69kV 7.00 7.00 74.00 88.00
34.5kV 40.00 40.00
876.72 1669.45
Source: National Transmission Commission
Table 2-52 Percentage Households who are using Electricity for Lighting and Percentage of Households who are using Electricity, Kerosene & LPG for Cooking % HH using Electricity for Lighting 1990 2000 98.59 98.68 98.94 99.01 97.67 98.74 86.50 88.23 92.02 91.73 64.97 89.99 % HH using Electricity, LPG& Kerosene for Cooking 1990 2000 47.63 29.38 69.12 60.05 19.23 70.83 79.47 69.78 90.68 89.28 50.40 89.12
Provinces
CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal

Source: NSO-CPH
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Transmission Network To strengthen systems reliability and dependability, the South Luzon Transco of National Transmission Corporation (NTC) had commissioned a total of 2,725 circuit-km transmission lines as of December 2002 (see Table 51 The Luzon Grid has a total of 10,144.9 circuit-km transmission lines. Therefore, the South Luzon Transco covers 27 percent of the Luzon Grids and occupying 322,573 sq. m. of land area. The robust economic growth in CALABARZON region will require power generation additions to the Luzon Grid and to carry these generating capacity additions, old transmission lines are to be upgraded and new transmission lines are to be installed. Additional power transformers and power circuit breakers are also to be installed in substations to prevent potential overloading. Aside from the above mentioned concern, the said transmission lines need to be secured to prevent from being sabotage. Furthermore, there is a growing concern over the alignment of transmission lines that affect the landscape of the area and its effect on settlement areas. Household with Electricity The Census on Population and Housing (CPH) data show a declining percentage of households using electricity, i.e., from 98.6 percent in 1990 to 86.5 percent in 2000. All the provinces experienced a decline with Quezon posting the highest decrease. The percentage of households using electricity for cooking, however, increased by almost one-half. By province, Cavite and Laguna led the other provinces in terms of the highest percentage of households with electricity while Quezon lags behind (Table 2-52).
F.
MANAGEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT
The continued increase in population in the CALABARZON region and the expansion of economic activities inevitably impact on the physical environment. Among the most visible consequence of rapid population increase is the encroachment of critical ecosystems such as upland, coastal areas and waterways for settlement purposes. The lakeshore municipalities of Laguna Lake showed more intense built-up areas although it has been identified with low urban development suitability. Areas above 50 percent slope are also inhabited. 1. Protected Areas
In the CALABARZON Region, 30 sites have been designated as protection areas (PA). Nineteen are identified as initial components and 11 are additional sites. As of date, 6 sites have already been proclaimed PA under NIPAS; 5 from the initial component and one (1) from additional sites. These sites are all under the category of Protected Landscape. The PA in the Region are affected by different development problems such as encroachment, boundary conflict, overlapping proclamation, titled properties within protected area, land use/management jurisdiction conflict, conflict in policies and illegal activities, among others. Consequently, all these resulted in forest degradation, destruction of flora and fauna and exposure of people to natural hazards such as floods, landslides, air and water pollution. Table 2-53 shows selected reported issues and concerns. These lands were delineated through the NIPAS Act of 1992 (RA No. 7586) by reason of their physical and biological
56

Table 2-53 Issues and Concerns in Selected Protected Areas in CALABARZON
Protected Area Taal Volcano Protected Landscape
Location
Issues/Concerns Encroachment, improper solid waste management and loss of biodiversity.
Talisay, Malvar, Tanauan, Mataas na Kahoy, Laurel, Agoncillo, Sta. Teresita. Cuenca, Alitagtag, Lipa City, Balete and San Nicolas (Batangas Province) and Tagaytay City (Cavite Province) Mts. Banahaw-San Encompasses the municipalities of Cristobal Protected Dolores, Candelaria, Sariaya, Tayabas Landscape and Lucban (Quezon Province) and the municipalities of Majayjay, Liliw, Nagcarlan, Rizal and City of San Pablo (Laguna Province)
Quezon Protected Landscape Maulawin Spring Protected Landscape
Covers the municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan, all in the Province of Quezon Bgy. Magsaysay, San Pedro I and Himbubulo West in the Municipality of Guinayangan, Quezon
The Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape is being subjected to degradation as pilgrims cut small trees, branches, palms and bamboos and leave significant amount of garbage. The PA is also threatened by encroachment, illegal activities such as treasure hunting and gathering of wildlife species. Problems on peace and order are also prevalent. The local government and national government agencies have conflicting policies on collection of users fee and the waste disposal system. The PA is threatened by encroachment, illegal logging, illegal treasure hunting and peace and order problems Maulawin has a spring that yields water all year round. It is the only source of drinking water for the residents in the Poblacion. The area still possesses ecological values and distinct features although it is generally denuded due to human pressures.
Mts. Palay-palay / Mataas na Gulod National Park
Municipalites of Maragondon and Ternate Encroachment and boundary conflict are problems which in the Province of Cavite and Nasugbu in delay development of this protected landscape Batangas A boundary conflict among covered areas is yet to be settled Presently, the portion of the watershed is inhabited by squatters and is in a state of degradation and denudation due to unabated logging, slash and burn kaingin system and source of charcoal for livelihood purposes. Several overlapping proclamations are another problem that is yet to be solved Some portions of the watershed are presently planted with rice, annual cultivated crops and perennial crop. Other areas are being used as pasture land. The settlers in the watershed include not only the IPs called Dumagats and Remontados but also lowland dwellers Timber poaching, influx of migrants, overlapping proclamations and boundary issues are problems concerning Kaliwa River development. Currently, this National Park is faced with waste management problems Minasawa is threatened by illegal activities such as fishing, quarrying, collection of flora and fauna and hunting. As of date, Umiray faces peace and order problems and issues about its accessibility
Calauag Watershed Barangay Yaganak, Calauag, Quezon Forest Reserve Marikina Watershed Rodriguez, Antipolo, Baras, San Mateo Forest Reserve and Tanay
Kaliwa River Watershed Forest Reserve
Tanay and Antipolo, Rizal
Hinilugang Taktak National Park Minasawa Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary Umiray River Watershed Forest Reserve
Antipolo City, Rizal Bgy. Poblacion, Burdeos, Quezon
Gen. Nakar, Quezon
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Table 2-54 Land Area by Province and Major Land Classification CALABARZON Region (In Hectares)
Areas Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal
Certified A & D Number 267,760 107,733 134,720 474,439 63,889 % 84.58 83.67 76.56 54.49 48.81 64.61
Forest Lands Number 48,821 21,022 41,253 396,221 67,003 574,320 % 15.42 16.33 23.44 45.51 51.19
TOTAL 316,581 128,755 175,973 870,660 130,892
CALABARZON 1,048,541
35.39 1,622,861
of pollution is the inefficient garbage collection and disposal. Open dumpsites still remain as common modes of garbage disposal. This problem is aggravated by the inadequate knowledge of the public on waste reduction segregation, recycling and disposal. The consequence of water and air pollution is manifested in the non-abatement of waterborne ailments and increasing incidence of airborne diseases.
significance for the adequate conservation of plant, animal and their habitat from being altered by human exploitation. 2. Alienable and Disposable (A & D) Land Resources
3.2
Water Resources Water Supply
The land area of the region measures 1,622,861 hectares of which 65 percent is classified alienable and disposable (A & D) while 35 percent is considered forest land. In terms of proportion of A & D by province, Batangas and Cavite recoded the highest with 85 and 84 percent, respectively while Quezon has the lowest with 54 percent (Table 2-54). Out of the total 1,048,541 hectares A & D, however, Quezon shares the highest with 45 percent while Rizal accounts for only six percent. Quezon province is the biggest in terms of total land area accounting for more than half (53 %) of the regions total while Cavite is the smallest with a 7.9 percent. 3. 3.1 Environment Air
The existing water supply system in the region consists mainly of the municipal water supply that comprises public water supply for urban and rural areas and privately owned water sources for domestic and commercial use. At the national level, as of year 2000, water supply service coverage reached was about 79 percent. Considering that many water supply projects have been implemented by the LGUs coupled with expansion of some water districts in the region, it can be assumed that the water supply service coverage for the region had also increased and may have reached above 75 percent. The master plans for water supply, sewerage and sanitation in the Region IV-A provinces have set their targets for 2000 at about 80 percent. This is apart from those implemented by the LUWA and the agencies like DPWH and local line agencies. One of the current concerns apart from widening the service coverage is the dwindling groundwater reserve especially during prolonged dry season. The areas affected are those municipalities close to Metro Manila. This developing situation will have a serious impact on domestic water supply and affect both irrigated
The non-enforcement of laws and regulations on all emitters, both stationary and mobile has led to the deterioration of air quality especially in heavily dense areas such as the identified urban growth clusters. Another major cause
58
and non-irrigated agricultural lands. It will also affect the industrial water supply. This problem calls for water conservation measures, alternative ways of drawing water supply, more policies on water regulation, and more funding for water supply projects. A perennial problem for potable water supply is its water quality. Thus, intensifying water quality testing and control and treatment of both terrestrial and aquatic bodies is necessary. Household with Potable Water While potable water is a basic need of man, only 82.2 percent of the households in the region as of 2000 are able to avail of it. The improvement from the 1990 data was only 2.6 percentage points. By province, Cavite and Laguna recorded the highest with 92 and 90 percent, respectively, while Rizal and Quezon the
lowest with 75 and 61 percent, respectively (Table 2-55). The following are included in the definition of potable water source: (a) Own use, faucet, community water system; (b) Shared faucet, Community Water Supply; (c) Own use, tubed/piped, deep well; and, (d) Bottled water. The need to address the problem on access cannot be overemphasized. Irrigation On irrigation, irrigation development programs generated an incremental irrigated area of about 16,200 hectares from 1995 to 2002, increasing the total irrigated area for the region from 48,832 hectares to about 65,032 hectares. This represents 18 percent of the total potential irrigable area for the region of 90,032 hectares. A remarkable development was seen in the province of Rizal. Batangas had the least development under this category.
Table 2-55 Households by Main Source of Water Supply for Drinking and/or Cooking CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample)
Areas
Shared, Own Use, Own Use, Shared, Faucet, Total Faucet, Tube/Piped Tube/Piped Community Households Community Deep Deep Water Water Sys. Well Well Supply 1990 1,218,561 272,116 222,151 269,342 265,762 189,190 1,877,818 374,767 428,879 417,932 299,662 356,578 29.9 30.3 34.8 37.3 16.9 31.1 38.7 47.1 46.3 44.3 18.6 30.9 22.7 20.4 29.7 21.4 18.5 25.5 2000 17.9 15.8 20.0 15.5 20.0 18.5 9.7 11.5 9.6 11.6 5.8 10.0 10.0 9.9 11.1 12.2 7.8 8.0 17.3 21.0 16.2 19.1 11.8 18.4 15.1 13.0 14.2 17.7 14.1 16.2
Tubed/ Piped Shallow Well
Bottled Water
Dug Well
CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal
5.0 NDA 6.6 NDA 4.1 NDA 4.4 NDA 6.5 NDA 2.3 NDA 5.2 6.9 3.2 4.7 9.2 3.0 0.5 0.0 0.6 0.3 0.1 1.3
15.5 10.3 5.6 6.3 40.5 12.7 12.7 7.3 4.5 5.3 30.1 22.1
Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing Note: Others include dug well, spring, lake, river, rain, peddler, etc.
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3.3
Waste Public Sewerage System
Limited funds precluded the installation of public sewerage system in many parts of the region thus causing water pollution. Wastewater from households and industries not located in industrial estates are disposed through water percolation or through the drainage canals or directly to surface bodies with some treatment effected through septic tanks. This system pollutes the groundwater and major water bodies such as the Laguna de Bay. Households by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal Data on the percentage of households by usual manner of garbage disposal in two censal years indicate significant improvement. The percentage of households whose garbage
was picked-up by a garbage truck increased to 48.5 percent in 2000 from 14.3 percent in 1990. In contrast other means of disposal decreased: dumping in individual pit (-2.5 %); burning (-24.8 %); brying (-1.25); feeding to animals (-3.79 %); and, others (-1.8 %). The percentage of households who are composting their garbage increased from 1.5 percent to 1.6 percent. (Table 2-56) Household with Sanitary Facility The percentage of households with sanitary toilet facilities increased substantially by 21 percentage points from 63 percent in 1990. This could be attributed to the concerted effort of the national and local government to advocate the use of sanitary toilet facilities by the households. A number of LGUs even provided free sanitary toilet bowls as part of their program. The provinces of Cavite and Rizal lead the other provinces in terms of the percentage of households
Table 2-56 Households by Usual Manner of Garbage Disposal CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample)
Areas
Total Household
Picked up Dumping in Composting By Individual Burning (Later Used Garbage Pit (Not as fertilizer) Truck Burned) 1990 14.30 5.88 12.04 18.71 9.84 29.09 48.52 22.95 60.97 61.20 19.95 69.54 8.12 5.11 10.38 9.01 8.89 7.43 2000 5.60 7.05 6.62 4.41 5.68 4.20 65.94 78.92 65.92 64.66 60.12 57.28 41.09 62.61 27.52 31.79 67.56 23.44 1.52 2.42 1.75 1.10 1.20 0.99 1.57 2.64 1.97 0.84 1.51 0.87
Brying
Feeding to Animals 4.78 3.00 3.46 1.70 12.38 2.62 0.99 1.83 0.75 0.47 1.85 0.30
Others
CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal
1,218,561 272,116 222,151 269,342 265,762 189,190 1,877,818 374,767 428,879 417,932 299,662 356,578
3.16 4.06 3.01 2.18 4.45 1.63 1.91 2.57 1.72 1.10 3.07 1.41
2.18 0.62 3.43 2.64 3.12 0.96 0.32 0.35 0.45 0.19 0.38 0.24
Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing
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Table 2-57 Households by Kind of Toilet Facility Being Used CALABARZON Region, 1990 & 2000 (Figures are estimated based on a 10% sample)
KIND OF TOILET FACILITY Water-sealed, Sewer / Septic Total Tank, Used Households Exclusively by the Household 1,218,561 272,116 222,151 269,342 265,762 189,190 1,877,818 374,767 428,879 417,932 299,662 356,578 41.3 33.6 55.8 48.2 23.1 51.5 55.5 55.1 65.6 58.6 31.0 60.8 Water-sealed, Water-sealed, Sewer / Septic Other Tank, Depository, Shared with Used Other Exclusively by Households the Household 1990 9.1 6.3 9.6 11.8 5.9 13.3 2000 CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal 8.5 7.9 9.1 8.3 5.8 11.2 14.5 15.1 12.6 16.8 14.6 13.3 5.6 5.0 4.8 7.1 4.9 5.7 5.2 5.2 2.8 3.9 11.7 4.4 10.6 11.7 5.1 5.3 31.9 4.6 8.6 10.7 8.8 9.2 5.6 9.0 Water-sealed, Other Depository, Shared with Other Households 4.2 3.9 3.0 5.7 3.2 5.0 Others: Open Pit Pail System None 29.0 34.6 17.9 18.0 53.4 15.4
Areas
Closed Pit
CALABARZON Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal
7.7 10.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 5.9
Source: NSO - Census of Population and Housing
with sanitary toilet facilities while Batangas and Quezon lag behind (Table 2-57). 3.4 Environmentally Constrained Areas Environmentally constrained areas are prone to natural hazards. The country, by reason of its geologic and tectonic setting, is prone to several geologic and natural hazards. The region is prone to earthquake/seismic hazard which maybe generated by the Philippine Trench, the East Luzon Trench, Manila Trench and other active earthquake generator such s Valley Fault, the Philippine Fault and LubangVerde Island Fault. There are two large earthquakes to date reported which identified Quezon as the epicen-
ter. The first is the Alabat Earthquake in 1937 and the Ragay Gulf Earthquake in 1973. The Ragay Gulf Earthquake damaged properties, transportation and communication lines in Calauag and Lopez in Quezon while the Alabat Earthquake destroyed buildings in greater Manila area, Laguna and Batangas. Some parts of the region are also vulnerable to other forms of earthquake/seismic hazards such as liquefaction, landslides and surface rupturing. The region also has two active volcanoes, Taal and Mount Banahaw which may also pose threat especially in their proximate areas. Hydrologic hazards which include fluvial (river) flooding and coastal flooding are normal occurrences in many parts of the region. Areas
61
prone to hydrologic hazards include the coastal towns of Cavite such as Naic, Tanza, Rosario, Noveleta, Cavite City, Kawit, Bacoor and those near large rivers. The lakeshore towns encircling the Laguna de Bay are susceptible to lakeshore flooding and this San Pedro, Bian, Sta. Rosa, Cabuyao, Calamba City, Sta. Cruz, Lumban, Paete, Siniloan and Famy in Laguna Province. In Batangas province, the municipalities of Lemery, Calaca, Bauan, Mabini, Lobo and Batangas City are prone to coastal flooding. In Rizal, the towns of Cainta, Taytay, San Mateo and Montalban are prone to river flooding while the towns of Morong, Teresa and Pililla, Jala-jala are prone to lakeshore flooding. The coastal municipalities of Quezon such as Atimonan, Gumaca, Plaridel, Calauag, Sariaya and Bondoc Peninsula and Lucena City are susceptible to coastal flooding. Erosion as shown in Table 2-58 is a serious problem in the region. Forest denudation has contributed to erosion in many parts of the region. The recent typhoons has led to the erosion of many parts of Real, Infanta and General Nakar in Quezon. The calamity brought a total of 733 dead, 575 injured, 318 missing and 75,464 families evacuated according to the partial data of the Philippine National Police (PNP).
Table 2-58 Erosion by Province (in Hectares)
Province Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON
Slight
Moderate Severe 82,107 2,018 18,591 47,023 60,948
Total 262,561 125,885 113,485 679,432 113,064
42,966 137,488 121,067 83,355 2,800 11,539
527,511 104,898 44,469 7,647
819,368 264,372 210,687 1,294,427
Source: STR Handbook on Physical and Natural Resources
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G.
PHYSICAL PLANNING AND GOVERNANCE
tion of cultural heritage. Technical assistance on this aspect maybe needed from the National Historical Institute, National Commission on Culture and the Arts, among others. 2. Governance
1. Physical Planning Most of the concerns in urban development stems from the weak planning context. Many of the LGUs have just updated their CLUPs while others are in the process of doing so. In most instances many of the CLUPs were done individually by municipality and cities although these are reviewed and approved by the provinces for consistency with the Provincial Physical Framework Plans (PPFPs) which all the five provinces of the region have. In many instances, however, investment of municipalities and cities are channeled to their individual priorities that may not necessarily contribute to economic integration. Another observation made in the CALA area, which may hold true in other parts of the region, is that planning at the local level has been unresponsive to the highly fluid land and property development market. Most of the town plans failed to create good urban environment, protect open spaces, conserve historical landmarks and mitigate the presence of environmental nuisance. Institutional concerns such as inadequate staffing of local planning offices, deficient databases, need for upgrading of technical capacities of local planning offices and inefficient LGU tax management partly contribute to the urban development issues. To address specific sectoral concerns, some LGUs also cameup with sectoral plans such as local development plans for children and have integrated various concerns in their development plans such as population and development, sustainable development, gender and development, among others. It id notable, however, that LGU plans are weak on the promo-
This section discusses improvement in the structure, processes, procedures and mechanisms that were instituted at the regional and local levels to promote good governance and public peace, order and security. The discussion also includes major developments that transpired in the CALABARZON region in the last three years. 2.1 Government Administration
The issuance of Executive Order No. 103: Division of Southern Tagalog Region into CALABARZON and MIMAROPA Regions in 2002 caused the regional line agencies to focus their priorities and delivery of basic services to more specific target areas. This development also strengthened coordinative linkages between the regional line agencies and local government units to better planning and implementation of policies and projects particularly those initiated at the national level. The convergence approach which was being adopted in the implementation of the Kapit Bisig Laban Sa Kahirapan (KALAHI) program through the Regional KALAHIi Convergence Group (RKGC), proved to be an effective tool for national and local governments to address poverty in the region. Such strategy also paved the way for the KALAHI in Conflict Areas barangays to prepare development plans and investment programs as well as to identify and implement priority programs and projects in their respective areas. The approach also provided greater participation of the basic sector in the planning, implementation and monitoring of the projects under the said program. 63
In the area of programming and budgeting, the Regional Development Council (RDC) continued to advocate the improvement of the budgeting process. Among the initiatives undertaken were coordination/dialogue with the Department of Budget and Management and the Office of the President which resulted to issuance of directives to enhance participation of the RDC in the national budget. The FY 2005 National Budget Call, allowed RDCs to conduct regional consultations on the regional agencies budget proposals. The review was also made to operationalize the provisions of Memorandum Circular (MC) No. 54 issued by the President entitled Strengthening the RDCs function on the Review and Endorsement of the National Government Budget and for Other Purposes. These directives particularly MC 54 was issued to give more meaning to the role of the RDCs in promoting regional development, decentralization and local autonomy through more active participation in the allocation of national budget. Efforts were being undertaken to further make the services of the agency regional offices more effective. The RDC had been advocating for the development of the designated government center site in Calamba City. An inter-agency group was created along this line to study various options such as Build-OperateTransfer and Joint Venture arrangements to develop the Center. In the efforts to enhance the capability of the civil servants, the Civil Service Commission implemented programs and projects to improve the delivery of legal and quasi-judicial services, upgrading the knowledge and skills and expertise of all ranks in the civil service and providing customer satisfaction through the Mamayan Muna advocacy for good governance. The programs were categorized under the Six Key Reform Areas: Effective and Efficient Administrative Justice, Professionalizing the Civil Service, Improving Public Service Delivery, Harnessing Pub64
lic Sector Unionism, Strengthening External Relations, and Managing Support Services. 2.2 Local Autonomy and Decentralization
To promote and sustain the gains in the implementation of the Local Government Code, the Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) and other national agencies conducted technical assistance and capability-building activities to capacitate LGU officials and staff in the areas of development planning, community mobilization, project development, local economic enterprise development, and environmental management. In the area of planning, the LGUs were able to prepare the Comprehensive Land Use Plan. As of 2003, 77 percent of the local government units have already prepared/ approved/ratified their CLUP. Anti-Red Tape Program for local governments was also being implemented by DILG to address red tape in LGU transactions. Capability-building interventions were undertaken such as advocacy, training and technical assistance to LGUs to develop and sustain simplified regulatory system. Such interventions helped in ensuring investment-friendly rules and procedures in local government transaction. Along this line, of the total 142 LGUs (municipalities and cities) in the region, 84 had already established a OneStop-Shop (OSS), 134 had already adopted simplified Work Simplification Procedure (WSP), and 133 had created/designated Customer Complaint Desk (CCD). The Gabay sa Mamamayan Action Center or GMAC has been established in all barangays in the region to provide the people at the grassroots level adequate access to information on the available national government programs, projects and services such as livelihood and job opportunities, health and sanitation, education and social welfare, and agricultural support services, among others.
2.3
Good Governance Index
2.4
Income Classification
In recent years there has been increasing concern about governance at various levels of government. Various indicators have been used in an attempt to measure good governance. A study conducted by NSCB which integrated several indicators and rankings was translated into a single comprehensive ranking that depicts the overall performance of each province to come up with the Good Governance Index. The three major areas of governance were economic governance covering sustainable management of resources and enhanced government responsiveness to the poor. The second is political governance which includes improvement in internal and external security, law enforcement and administration of justice and elimination of graft and corruption. The third area of governance is administrative which covers the efficiency in the delivery of services, improved transparency and accountability, continuous building of capacities, and expanded use of information and communications technology. For each province, a Good Governance Index was computed. Table 2-59 shows that out of the 67 provinces covered in the study, the provinces in the region performed impressively well resulting in the following:
Among the ultimate measures to determine effectiveness in local governance may be through the changes in income classification. Income class classification refers to the average annual income of the local government units based on the income bracket. In CALABARZON, the municipalities classified as first-class municipalities or LGUs with income of Php35M and above, increased from 24 municipalities in 1997 to 34 municipalities in 2001, out of the 132 municipalities in the region. It is noted that the municipalities classified as firstclass municipalities were among the municipalities that had shown increased social and economic activities. (Figure 2-15) The number of first-class municipalities were almost equally distributed among the provinces in the region, Cavite with the highest (9) and Quezon with the lowest (5) number of municipalities. For the province of Rizal, though not the highest in terms of number of first class municipalities, seven municipalities or 53 percent of its municipalities were already converted into first-class municipalities.
On other income class classification, 40 municipalities or 30 percent of the regions total municipalities fall under the fourth class classification or LGU with average inTable 2-59 Good Governance Index (CGI) YR 2002 come of P13M or more but less than Php21M. While the second and third Economic Political Administrativ Overall class had a total of 13 municipalities each PROVINCE Governance Governance e Governance GGI and the fifth class classification with 31 Index Rank Index Rank Index Rank Rank municipalities. For the period under reBatangas 22 16 7 9 view, the province of Quezon had the Cavite 6 17 4 5 most number of municipalities still clasLaguna 2 19 5 1 sified as fifth class. The municipality of Jomalig in Quezon province is the latest Rizal 4 15 6 3 lone sixth class municipality or the LGU Quezon 35 26 47 46 with income below Pph7M. It is observed that the rate of conversion of class mu-
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66 Figure 2-15
nicipalities into higher income class classification is higher in the fast urbanizing provinces in the region. In terms of income class classification of the cities, out of the 10 cities in the region, five were classified as first-class cities. These were the cities of Antipolo, Batangas, Lipa, Lucena and San Pablo. Calamba City was classified as second class; Cavite, Tagaytay and Tanauan under the third class classification, and Trece Martirez as fourth class city. The rich and higher income class LGUs is better organized and adequately manned by qualified technical staff than the poor and lower class LGUs. The growth in the number of municipalities being converted into cities are experiencing urban development pressures. It is noted that some LGUs, inspite their high income category are still relatively institutionally weak and would need immediate upgrading and strengthening of capabilities to address the demands of urbanization and environmental concerns. In some municipalities that belong to the fourth to sixth income class category, technical capability to carry out basic technical services
such as engineering, zoning and environmental protection are basically weak or non-existent. 2.5 Financial Performance
The financial performance of the region was notably impressive wherein all the provinces were included in the top 10 highest income out of the 79 provinces in the country. Laguna garnered the second place nationwide. In terms of net income, however, Rizal achieved the highest rank both in the regional and nationwide ranking. (Table 2-60). 2.6 E-Governance Web Presence E-governance is a key initiative of putting the citizenry online, not in-line. Primarily, it is intended to provide the stakeholders a more efficient, transparent and convenient means of transacting business with government offices thus, releasing the citizens from the traditional queues at government offices. The legal basis of e-governance stemmed under the Republic Act 8972 which directs all agencies of government, including LGUs, to use electronic means
Table 2-60 Report on the Financial Performance of 78 Provinces FY 2003 (All Funds in Thousand (Pesos) STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSES LGU CLASS TOTAL INCOME Region 4-A Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal 1 1 1 1 1 1,025,049 1,135,420 1,300,149 1,026,232 1,042,526 5 2 1 4 3 8 4 2 7 6 1,018,470 937,903 1,020,687 767,286 613,556 2 3 1 4 6 4 6 3 8 15 6,579 197,517 279,462 258,946 428,970 9 4 2 3 1 73 7 3 6 1 1 17 21 25 41 * RANK 1 2 TOTAL EXPENSES * RANK 1 2 NET INCOME * RANK 1 2 % of NET INCOME TO TOTAL INCOME
* 1 - Regional Ranking 2 - Nationwide Ranking

Source: Commission on Audit, 2004
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Table 2-61 Web Presence Status Summary by Region (As of May 31, 2003) Region NCR 1 2 3 4a 4b 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ARMM CAR Cities Municipalities Overall Status Status Status Status Total With W/O Total With W/O Total With W/O Total With W/O % % % % -13 13 100 4 5 7 5 5 6 6 4 6 3 5 4 4 4 5 6 4 4 7 5 5 6 6 4 6 3 5 4 4 4 5 6 1 100 80 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 8 3 12 2 2 7 16 12 4 5 8 5 5 3 1 1 8 1 12 2 2 7 16 12 4 5 8 5 5 3 1 1 2 100 33 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 117 90 118 132 71 107 117 120 139 67 85 43 45 70 95 30 69 4 56 66 15 76 64 56 112 54 46 32 29 60 6 46 48 86 62 66 56 31 53 64 27 13 39 11 16 10 89 30 59 4 47 50 21 71 55 47 81 81 54 74 64 86 6 61 129 98 137 147 78 120 139 136 149 75 98 52 54 77 101 83 81 9 75 81 22 89 86 72 122 62 59 41 38 67 12 53 48 89 62 66 56 31 53 64 27 13 39 11 16 10 89 30 63 9 55 55 28 74 62 53 82 83 60 79 70 87 12 64 Provinces
Source: National Computer Center
in government transactions within two years from the effectivity of the Act signed into law on June 14, 2000. The establishment of LGU web presence is a key component of the e-governance initiative. Web presence also serves as a gauge in determining the status of LGU computerization for ICT planning, policy formulation and decision making as pursuant to RA 8972. In the region, as reflected in Table 2-61, all of its five provinces and 11 cities have established web presence achieving a 100 % compliance rate. However, only 50 percent of the total number of municipalities in the region has considered putting-up their own website, which means, there are still 66 municipalities out of 131 who are still unreachable though cyber technology. Overall status also shows that
CALABARZON is at par with Region 3 which also generated a 55 percent web presence status. The use of ICT in governance cannot be overemphasized. The experience of some LGUs in the region such as Sto. Tomas and Tanauan City in Batangas and Bian in Laguna, among others, showed positive results especially in revenue generation. A survey by the National Computer Center (NCC) however showed that advocacy for LGUs to maximize ICT needs to be intensified. Hardware Equipment Despite the rapid emergence of developments in IT, it is surprising that there are still some LGUs that have not acquired any IT facility or equipment, not even owning a single computer unit. Based on the report generated by
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the National Computer Center in their recent 2002 LGU E-Governance Readiness Survey Report, the municipalities were identified as shown in Table 2-62. As indicated in Table 2-62, the regions entry to the list was the municipality of Sampaloc in Quezon province which is a fifth class municipality. The 13 municipalities cited were among the 707 respondents of the survey conducted.
Table 2-62 LGUs with no Computer System Unit Name San Emilio, Ilocos Sur Arayat, Pampanga Sto Tomas, Pampanga Sampaloc, Quezon Malinao, Albay Buenavista, Guimaras Maria, Siquijor San Policarpio, Eastern Samar Tangcal, Lanaodel Norte Concepcion, Misamis Occidental Del Carmen, Surigao del Norte General Luna, Surigao del Norte Pagagawan, Maguindanao Class 4th Class 2nd Class 4th Class 5th Class 3rd Class 4th 5th 6th 6th 5th Class Class Class Class Class Region I III III IV-A V VI VII VIII X X XIII XIII ARMM
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
5th Class
5th Class 6th Class
The number of com- Source: NCC puter units varies from one LGU to the other and ranges from a low 1 to a high of 435 as indicated in Table 2-63. None of the regions cities was among the top 10 list in terms of computer units. This condition was made even worse after two cities in the region were identified as among the cities
with the least number of computer units. The two cities were Cavite with only 11 computer units and Trece Martires which had 14. Despite the poor performance of the regions cities in terms of availability of IT equipment, two municipalities that made it to the third
Table 2-63 Top 10 Cities with Most and Least Number of Computers, Philippines, 2002 TOP 10 MOST NUMBER OF COMPUTERS Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 City Makati Davao Olongapo Pasig Naga Bacolod Iligan Tagum Angeles Class HUC 1st HUC HUC Chartered HUC HUC 2nd 1st Chartered Region NCR XI II NCR V VI X XI III IX TOP 10 LEAST NUMBER OF COMPUTERS Class 2nd 3rd 4th 3rd 3rd 5th 5th 4th 5th Region I IV-A V IX IV-A V I III III I No. of Computer Units 3 11 11 11 14 14 19 21 21 22
No. of Computer Rank City Units 435 1 Laoag 387 264 238 230 175 163 155 151 138 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Cavite Ligao Isabela Trece Martirez Iriga Vigan Balanga Palayan
10 Zamboanga
10 Alaminos
Source: NCC Note: HUC Highly Urbanized City
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and fourth spot in the top 10 list of municipalities with the most number of computer units. As reflected in Table 2-64, municipalities of Cainta, Rizal and Sta. Rosa, Laguna (which was recently converted into a city) had a total of 50 and 46 computer units, respectively.
Table 2-64 Top 10 Municipalities in terms of Computer Units Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Unit Name La Trinidad, Benguet Taguig Municipality Cainta, Rizal Sta. Rosa, Laguna Class 1st Class 1st Class 1st Class 1st Class
On the provincial scope, Laguna which is a first class province ranked third in the top 10 list of provinces with the most number of computer units. As indicated in table 2-52, Laguna had a total of 183 computer units. Table 2-65 shows that Region IVAs LGUs at the provincial level are performing well since none of its provinces was included in the list of provinces with the least number of computer units. 2.7 Disaster Preparedness
No. of Regions Computer Units CAR NCR IV-A IV-A XII XI NCR VII V I 57 55 50 46 41 38 36 36 36 34
Tampakan, South Cotabato 4th Class Kapalong, Davao del Norte 1st Class Pateros Municipality Dlaguete, Cebu Labo, Camarines Norte Bauang , La Union 1st Class 3rd Class 1st Class 1st Class
Source: NCC
A series of typhoons hit the country in the last quarter of 2004, the most destructive being Typhoon Yoyong and Winnie, which caused enormous damage to lives and property. The hardest hit part of the country were the municipalities of Real, Infanta and Gen. Nakar in Quezon Province affecting 62 out of its 72
Table 2-65 Top 10 Provinces with Most and Least Number of Computers, Philippines, 2002 TOP 10 MOST NUMBER OF COMPUTERS Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 Province Camarines Sur Bohol Laguna Agusan del Sur S.Cotabato Davao Del Norte Benguet Pangasinan N. Oriental Isabela Compostela Valley N. Vizcaya Class 1st 1st 1st 1st 2nd 1st 2nd 1st 1st 1st 2nd Region V VII IV-A XIII XII XI CAR I VII II XI II TOP 10 LEAST NUMBER OF COMPUTERS No. of No. of Province Class Region Computer Computer Rank Units Units st 183 1 Lanao del Norte 1 ARMM 2 183 181 133 122 114 107 96 96 95 94 88 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Albay Capiz Sulu Bulacan Aklan E. Samar Surigao del Norte Basilan Z. Sibugay 1st 3rd 2nd 2nd V VI ARMM III VI VIII XIII ARMM IX 6 9 10 10 11 14 15 16 21
4th 2nd
Source: NCC
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barangays and causing a total of 660 dead, 365 injured and 237 missing. Damage to property was 4,364 totally and 5,646 partially damaged houses. Damage to infrastructure was heavy with 9 major bridges destroyed, almost all schoolbuildings collapsed and total power and water supply was cut off in the three municipalities. The initial relief operations mounted by the National/Regional/Provincial Disaster Coordinating Councils was hampered by the inaccessibility of the area due to bad weather, massive flooding, landslides and mudslides. After the initial clearing operations which made parts of the area accessible, massive relief, search and rescue operations were conducted. International aid to the affected areas poured in. The complete rehabilitation of the area is expected to last until 2010. The unabated illegal logging in the mountains straddling the three municipalities was pinpointed as the main cause of the massive flooding, landslides and mudslides that hit
the REINA area. The government has issued a total log ban in the area and has instructed the AFP to assist in enforcing the ban. The Regional Disaster Coordinating Council has also initiated the activation of the local disaster coordinatig councils and the preparation of a REINA Integrated Rehabilitation Development Plan to determine the immediate, short-term and long-term requirements for the reconstruction and development of the area. 2.8 Peace and Order The peace and order situation in the CALABARZON Region registered a downtrend from the previous year which provides a conducive atmosphere for economic growth. From January to October 2004, a total of 7,103 crime incidents were reported which amounts to 23 crimes being committed per day. The statistics shows a 15.74 percent decrease from the 8,430 crimes registered for the same period last year. Out of the total crime volume, index crimes accounted for 3,076 (43.31%) while non-index crimes amounted to 4,027 (56%). 71
Provincial distribution of the crime volume shows Quezon topping the list with 1,689 seconded by Cavite with 1,620 followed by Laguna with 1,415, Rizal with 1,268 and lastly by Batangas with 1,111. While the total crime volume decreased, there was a slight increase of 1.28 percent in index crime from the same period last year from 3,037 to 3,076. Of these number, 68.69 percent were crimes against persons while 31.31 percent were against property. It was noticeable, that crimes against persons went down by 5.7 percent from 2,241 recorded last year to 2,113 this year. On the other hand, crimes against property increased by 20.98 percent from 796 to 963 incidents. The provincial distribution of index crimes shows Cavite on top with 750 incidents (24.38 %) followed by Quezon with 696 (22.63%), then Rizal with 603 (19.60%), Laguna with 570 (18.53%) and Batangas with 457 (14.86%). Crime Solution Efficiency registered a high of 92.76 percent with 6,589 out of 7,103 cases solved. Quezon registered the highest CSE with 94.73 percent closely followed by Rizal with 94.32 percent, then Laguna with 93.14 percent, Cavite with 92.72 percent and Batangas with 83.58 percent. In terms of the anti-criminality campaign being vigorously pursued by the PNP, the following accomplishments were registered: a. Illegal Drugs
repectively. A total of 827 cases were filed in court. b. Kidnap for Ransom (KFR) Two KFR incidents were reported and solved with the victims rescued unharmed. The first incident happened in San Pablo City with the two suspects at large while the second happened in Indang, Cavite with the arrest of the victims mother and five cohorts. c. Hijacking Of the 44 hijacking carried out in the region, 13 were solved while 22 are still in the process of investigation. A total of Php17.7 M worth of goods were lost. d. Highway Robbery There were 83 highway robberies commited of which 49 or 59.04% were solved. A total of Php5.3 M worth of cash, cellphones, jewelry, ATM cards and others were lost. e. Most Wanted Persons Manhunt operations resulted in the neutralization of five most wanted persons in the region, 25 at the provincial level and 125 in the city/municipal level. Furthermore, the CALABARZON PRO extended intelligence information resulting in the arrest of the no. 1 most wanted person in the country. f. Illegal Gambling
There were 2,629 operations conducted with 3,776 persons arrested and 1,111.95 grams of shabu and 31,147 grams of marijuana with a street value of P 2.002 M and Php 312,448,
There were operations conducted with 1,402 arrests and Php208.161 bets and 50 video karera machines confiscated. A total of 586 cases were filed in court.
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Part III Strategic Outcomes and Actions
The strategic outcomes or results are the intermediate goals to be pursued by the plan within the planning period. It is expected that sectoral and agency plans shall be anchored on these regional development outcomes. The major final output of regional line agencies will be linked to these outcomes.
Outcome 1: Increased Job Creation through Accelerated Economic Growth Agrarian Reform, Agriculture and Fishery Modernization
Development Concerns / Challenges 1. Low income of farmers and poor profitability of farming There is an unstable market price of agricultural produce and high cost of agricultural inputs. 2. Low production and productivity of crop and livestock farming The continuing use and adherence to traditional varieties, management/cultural practices and insufficient technical know-how (improper use of fertilizer) is usually prevalent in the rural farming communities of Batangas, Quezon, and Laguna provinces. Unfair and illegal foreign trade practices on poultry commodity, i.e., technical smuggling, dumping, distorted use of NTMs such as phyto-sanitary requirements has adversely affected the viability, particularly the domestic poultry industry of the region. The effect on the industry is a market glut in supply, and deliberate reduction of day-old chicks production. Supply availability and high cost of cornbased feeds from local sources are considered as major limiting factors for the swine and poultry industry of the region.
3. Illegal conversion of agricultural lands The increasing demand for industrial and real estate requirements in the region starting in the mid 1990s, particularly in the provinces of Cavite, Laguna and Batangas encourage farmers to sell their land for higher income returns. In most cases, the landowner abandons the land in preparation for land conversion. 4. Abandoned and idle agricultural lands Landowners lack of interest in farming is basically attributed to the low profitability of farming as an enterprise because of high cost of inputs and unstable price of produce. In addition, the prevailing peace and order in specific farming communities has also contributed to landowners leaving their lands idle. 5. Decreasing and limited agricultural lands Existing croplands and suitable agricultural lands are converted and reclassified into other uses. 6. Non-implementation of agricultural programs and irrigation projects The lack or delayed release of government funds is one of the major causes for failure to implement high-impact projects, particularly irrigation projects. 73
Increased Job Creation thorugh Accelerated Economic Growth
7. Mangrove deforestation Mangrove areas are converted to fishpond or for tourism purposes. In addition the encroachment of settlements in the coastal areas exert pressure on mangrove stands. 8. Depletion of fishing grounds Illegal fishing activities such as the use of destructive fishing gears, trawls, fine mesh nets and poisonous substances destroy fish habitat particularly corals and seagrass and juvenile fish. 9. Displacement of fisherfolk from their traditional fishing areas Multiple use of water resources resulting in conflicts in use such as fishery against tourism use of water and the implementation of mega-projects along coastal waters. 10. Incidence of siltation, fish kill, and degradation of lake water quality in the regions freshwater lakes. The proliferation and intensified aquaculture activities in the regions lakes (Taal, Laguna and Seven Lakes) have been one of the major causes of continuing inland water degradation coupled with a weak implementation of ZOMAP in these lakes 11. Inadequate farm infrastructure and other support facilities. The need for adequate support facilities in good physical condition in major production areas in the provinces of Quezon, Batangas, Laguna and Cavite has been a continuing requirement to enhance the long-term productivity of the agriculture sector. Most of the facilities that need to be established and in some cases, rehabilitated and improved/expanded, are
postharvest and storage facilities, farm-tomarket roads, irrigation systems and credit support mechanisms. Objectives / Targets Increase farm productivity and profitability Minimize conversion of agricultural lands to other land uses Provide adequate farm infrastructure and support facilities to strategic production areas Protect and conserve major mangrove areas Enforce the implementation of RA 8550, relevant fisheries administrative codes and local municipal fishing ordinances, such as ZOMAP at Laguna de Bay, Seven Lakes and Taal Lakes Properly delineate different land uses guided by the relevant policies stated in the CLUPs Increase the number of forest trees planted Rehabilitate and construct FMR and postharvest facilities Intensify acquisition and complete the distribution of about 30,111 hectares of agricultural lands and fastrack release of 70,260 hectares of A&D lands to farmer beneficiaries under the CARP by 2010. The following is the A&D Land Titling and Distribution Target (in hectares) of DENR by province:
Year 2005 4,500 300 3,000 4,225 540 12,565 2005-2010 2005-2010 13,500 900 9,000 12,675 1,620 37,695 20,600 1,370 16,950 28,528 2,812 70,260
Province Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal TOTAL
Source: DENR-LMS/LMD IV-A
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Policies / Strategies Agricultural Land and Fishery Resource Management Properly implement of policies/laws governing land use conversion a. Strictly implement land conversion laws in Quezon and Laguna lakeshore towns particularly for existing palay and corn lands b. Ensure the non-conversion of prime agricultural lands in the SAFDZs Facilitate enhanced participation of the public, private and local communities in the conduct of advocacy programs at the local level to promote awareness and compliance by investors and landowners to approved land use plans and zoning ordinances Strictly adhere to the implementation of CLUP policies/strategies and zoning ordinances of the LGUs Promote massive mangrove reforestation and information dissemination as means to address declining municipal fishery and deteriorating municipal coastal waters.
b. Intensify corn production in Batangas and Quezon and maximize (intercrop and multiple crop) coconut lands for the production of rootcrops, bananas and fruit trees in the province of Quezon because of its relatively large remaining agricultural lands c. Enhance R&D/E geared toward processing of high-value commercial crops, livestock products and root crops for valueadded products such as cornbased feed substitute. d. Further strengthen livestock and poultry/egg production in the region through the use of cost-effective and efficient modern production technologies, i.e., improved/upgraded stocks, low cost feeds, among others e. Strengthen aquaculture development in Quezon and Batangas and capacitate and expand commercial fishery operations to include the EEZ Increase the level of awareness of stakeholders on opportunities and constraints posed by the use of biotechnology in the production system, public health and safety, and food security Develop innovative and cost-effective schemes on broadening access to farm infrastructure and support facilities/services, i.e., credit, irrigation, farm-to-market roads, among others. - Develop irrigation facilities using Laguna Lake water to support rice and corn production in Quezon and Laguna lakeshore towns Develop and enhance the entrepreneurial skills of farmers through agribusiness activities
Productivity Enhancement Promote rural livelihood and employment generation through the use of modern farming systems and farm technology such as HYV and appropriate soil management a. Maximize available agricultural lands in Batangas, Cavite, Laguna and Rizal provinces for agro-forestry and agro-tourism and production of high-value commercial crops through intensified (technology-based) and diversified (multiple crop) and integrated farming systems
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- Facilitate business network and strengthen strategic arrangements between farmers and agri-based enterprises, i.e., contract growing and joint ventures, among others. Broaden the coverage of ARCs to include non-ARBs and accelerate delivery of production and marketing support services/facilities to these areas
Programs and Projects Agrarian Reform Communities Development Project 2 Agrarian Reform Infrastructure Support Project ALA-EH Cattle Fattening and Processing Center Banahaw Coco-based Development Program Biological Control Agent Laboratory Bridge Construction Project for Agrarian Reform Communities Titling and Land Distribution of A&D Lands (DENR) Carabao Breeding and Development Center Coconut Oil Manufacturing Coconut Planting/Replanting Coconut Rehabilitation and Fertilization Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) Construction of Irrigation Facilities Cooperatives Development Program Copra Quality Improvement Corn and GMA Corn Direct Copra Marketing Enterprise Development Establishment of Modern Agro-Industrial estates/facilities. Farm Diversification Farm to market roads High Value Commercial Crops and GMA HVCC Implementation of the Zoning and Management Plan Livestock and GMA Livestock Livestock Resource Center Malarayat Coco-based Development Program Marketing Information and Assistance Center Micro-Financing and Credit Implemented with UCPB-CIIF NLSF, PCFC, LBP,
Market Linkage Ensure the supply of quality and inexpensive locally-produced feeds for the swine and chicken and the aquaculture industries of the region through the promotion of investments in Mindanao and the Mindoro provinces for the production of corn and the manufacture of corn, rice and fish meal-based feeds through a system of village and commercial level feed-milling activities Strengthen the storage/warehouse industry in Batangas and expansion of feed-milling industries in Batangas, Quezon and Laguna to support expanding demand for animal feed requirement of both CALABARZON and Region III swine and poultry industries and the growing aquaculture industry Develop industries with backward and forward linkages and enhance linkages with complementary industries within and outside the region, i.e. establishment of agri-based processing facilities in production areas such as processing of chicken manure geared both for the local and organic vegetable farming of Mountain Province area Further strengthen linkage with existing food (chicken, hog, bangus, tilapia, among others) commodity market in the NCR through timely access to market information and efficient distribution system
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Quedancor and others National Internal Security Program (NISP) Piggery, Poultry Breeder/Layer Post Harvest and Farm Mechanization Poultry Layer/Egg Production, Hog Raising, Feed Mill, Agricultural and Veterinary Supply Merchandise Prawn Hatchery Production Support Services Productivity Enhancement Regulatory Services Rice Production Self-Reliant Program Suhay (Suporta sa Buhay Program) Tagaytay Highlands and Taal Agri-Tourism Development Program Management of Foreshore Land, patrimonial properties and other public lands (DENR)
tor as source of input for industry and vice versa will remain unmaximized. Industrial estates tend to promote and generate wage-earners at the expense of linkage with other industries. 2. Low industrial productivity. National estimates of total factor productivity show a consistently decreasing trend from 0.04 per cent in 1990 to 0.84 per cent in 1996. The growth in productivity, defined as the value of goods and services produced per hour of work and by extension, per capita incomes, is the most important measure and determinant of economic performance. Industrial productivity can be enhanced by increasing physical and human assets and the rate at which these assets are used. There is inefficient use of physical assets and manpower resources. 3. Need to expand foreign direct investment and exports. The local economy should be exposed to the world economy through strategies aimed at technological acquisition, direct foreign investment and export promotion. Clearly, if most productivity growth comes mainly from using and adopting foreign ideas, economies must be open to them and attract them aggressively. Productivity change is fastest in countries which are better integrated into the global market (e.g., East Asia, Latin America) and slowest in those that lag behind (e.g., South Asia, Middle East, Sub Saharan Africa). The same is true for foreign direct investment. The regions of the world that have been most successful in attracting FDI are also successful in attracting new technologies and improving productivity. The regions that failed to attract FDI have lagged behind.
Trade & Industry Including Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

Development Concerns / Challenges 1. Weak linkage between agriculture and industry. Food processing is a preferred activity for Philippine ecozones, but in the CALABARZON ecozones, most locators are of the assembly-type industries utilizing imported raw materials which are not agribased. The bulk of the regions export-oriented ecozones consists of electronics products, which are more competitive in the export market than food products. This is the main reason why the industrial sector has not established significant downstream and upstream linkages with the local economy. Unless agriculture or food products are made more competitive, the potential of this sec-
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There is also the potential for economies to learn through exporting. Exporting embodies knowledge about marketing, technology and information, which makes economies more competitive.
Objectives / Targets Generate adequate jobs for the working population

Table 3 -1 Number of Jobs to be Created ('000)
CALABARZON, 2004-2005 4. Weak S & T (science and technology) capability of the region. 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total Technology policies in the region All Sectors 174 255 271 324 268 322 384 2,000 and the country need serious reform. * Agriculture 28 41 43 52 43 52 62 320 These policies tend to be focused on * Industry 61 89 95 113 94 113 135 700 university research with no substan* Service 85 125 133 159 131 158 188 980 tial linkage to the private sector or conversely, there is weak linkage between technology generation, adaptation and utili- Foster active networking between agriculture and industry zation. Technology policy should be put at the service of the industrial sector. Likewise, Enhance and accelerate SME development to attain 450,000 jobs there is also a need to address the low expenditure level for R& D by the private sec- Upgrade human resource competencies tor and the low S & T graduates and man- Expand investments, exports and employment opportunities and establish R4A a haven of power. investments and quality products/services A weak linkage between technology gen Strengthen the dissemination of R&D outeration, adaptation and use exists. comes and promote the transfer and com There is low promotion of industrial techmercial application of technologies, includnology through government support. ing ICT 5. Incidence of pollution (air quality and wa- Enforce appropriate environmental laws, rules and regulations ter) generated by industries (IEs, slaughter Provide a political environment conducive to houses). business development and consumer protec Weak monitoring and enforcement tion mechanism Improve/enhance competitiveness of potential industries in the global market 6. Political instability discouraging foreign in Set-up mechanisms to identify and provide asvestors sistance to the workers of the informal sector. 7. Need to determine the effective use (full Enforce appropriate environmental laws, rules and regulations and institutionalize the capacity) of industrial space allocated for implementation of the industrial ecology apecozones/IEs as a basis for assessing neproach in the development and operation of cessity for establishing ecozones in the ecozones, IEs industry clusters, including acfuture tivities in the growth centers and the industrial sector in general 8. Need for further development of SMEs
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Policies / Strategies Foster increase in investment on S&T and R&D, including access to ICT to ensure long term growth of enterprises/industries - Promote the application of ICT in enhancing productivity and efficiency of industries, particularly among SMEs to ensure competitiveness - Accelerate flow and exchange of technology between and among research organizations, educational institutions, line agencies, industries/business sectors and international organizations. Develop, disseminate and commercialize technologies with high economic impact and employment generating potentials especially for SMEs Provide more incentives to industries that will use agricultural products as raw materials Provide access to financing facilities Launch human resource capability build up through the conduct trainings/seminars on productivity, S&T and skills enhancement Improve manpower development programs to increase employment opportunities for displaced workers Provide conducive environment for the promotion of industrial peace Improve existing facilities of Industrial Estates/ ecozones including infrastructure support Promote the establishment of ecozones in least developed areas (Quezon) in order to accelerate community employment and rural entrepreneurship programs Intensify conduct of investment missions and collaborations Strengthen local institutional arrangements for regional economic cooperation, i.e. ASEAN, multilateral and global networking Strictly monitor the enforcement of environmental laws, rules and regulations and in
stitutionalize the adoption of international standards Promote compliance with international quality and environmental management standards, i.e. ISO 9000 and 14000 Promote the adoption of industrial ecology that use industry residues not as waste but raw materials of other industries Develop and establish SMEs such as small processing centers at the village level Facilitate subcontracting arrangements, big brother-small brother scheme for SMEs, business matching and other product development and marketing assistance Promote industry clustering for SMEs to facilitate provision of resources Promote the establishment of labor-intensive, local resource-based export-oriented industries Reduction of cost for doing business by promoting investor-friendly regulations Streamline and standardize business requirements and application procedures in host LGUs
Programs and Projects Advocacy on quality management systems in industrial and economic zones CALABARZON Food Development Program CALABARZON Geographic Information System CALABARZON Regional Trade House Employment Assistance Programs Food Processing Centers Manufacturing Programs Assistance for Entrepreneurs Real estate, Renting and Business Activities Small and medium enterprise/industry development Training for Displaced Workers Wholesale and Retail Trade
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Tourism
Development Concerns / Challenges 1. Need for proactive tourism marketing, promotion and product/human resources development by both government and private sector; products must cater to existing target market in East Asia, as well as the domestic market 2. Lack of necessary facilities, utilities and infrastructure support for existing and potential tourism areas; this is specially true for tourism sites in the rural areas. In most cases even the basic necessities such as signages and paved roads are not present. The Taal Volcano is a major ecotourism destination but access to the volcano is limited due to inadequate facilities and other support services. 3. Weak implementation of regulations and mechanisms to safeguard environmental integrity. The natural, cultural heritage sites are non-renewable resources which are at risk of degradation as a direct or indirect result of urbanization, natural resource exploitation and natural disasters. The current state of the Hinulugang Taktak is an example of risk to the natural tourism sites, urbanization and degradation of its environment has caused the falls to degenerate. Portions of Mt. Banahaw are currently closed to tourist as it is threatened by environmental degradation. Some beaches in Batangas, Cavite and Quezon are at risk of pollution due to oil spills and other discharges by ships passing through. In addition, unregulated settlements contribute to pollution.
4. Tourism development is mostly concentrated in major urban areas of the region limiting dispersal of tourism benefits. Tourism related investments and activities are encouraged and given priority in the designated tourism development area. There is need to develop other areas with strong tourism potentials and disperse the benefits generated by tourism development to the community. 5. Need to advocate for the promotion of multiple use of land, specifically on the possible joint use between tourism and other land uses to tourism developers. 6. Some Executive Orders and/or legislations declaring tourist spots/zones/tourism development areas failed to specifically delineate the boundaries of said areas thereby creating conflicts between tourism and other land uses. Presidential Proclamation No. 1520 dated November 1979 declared the whole municipalities of Maragondon and Ternate in Cavite Province and the municipality of Nasugbu in Batangas as tourist zones without delineating the boundaries. This has caused conflict in the development of the Hacienda Looc as the same area is covered by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program. Objectives / Targets Increase income from tourism activities Enhance mobility, upgrade accommodation facilities, and tourist support services in tourism clusters/circuits. Develop tourism circuits that promotes both established and potential tourist destinations
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Encourage proper land use and zoning of tourism development areas Promote ecotourism as a tool for sustainable development Increase the regions percentage share of tourist arrival to national total to 6.28% for domestic tourist and 5.48% for foreign tourist
Policies / Strategies Promote CALABARZON as a tourist destination with a variety/mix of tourism products and interest for various types of tourist especially in the emerging domestic and East Asian market Develop, promote and manage tourism clusters and a network (tourism circuit) connecting the different clusters. The following clusters shall be promoted:
Historical Site Cluster Corrigidor, Kawit, Imus, Cavite City Batangas City, Taal Naic, Ternate Nasugbu, Lian, Calatagan Infanta General Nakar San Juan Sariaya Tagaytay-Taal Volcano Lakeshore Municipalities Tagaytay-Nasugbu, Lian, Calatagan, Mabini Antipolo-Tanay, REINA Lumban-Pagsanjan Tiaong, Dolores, Lucban Medical Spa/Wellness Calamba- Los Banos Clusters Angono-Cardona Special Interest Clusters Liliw, Lumban, Paete
a) Cavite Batangas Circuit Cavite Historical Sites, Nature/Adventure Cluster in Cavite and Batangas b) Laguna Cavite Batangas Circuit - Medical Spa/Wellness Cluster, Nature/Adventure Cluster In Cavite and Batangas c) Laguna Rizal Toursim Circuit Medial Spa/ Wellness Cluster, Nature/Adventure Clusters, Special Interest Clusters in Laguna, Rizal d) Rizal Quezon Circuit - Special Interest Clusters in Rizal, Nature/Adventure Cluster in Quezon e) Quezon Batangas Circuit - Nature/Adventure Cluster in Quezon and Batangas, Historical Sites in Batangas f) Intra provincial circuits The strategy shall need coordination with or assistance of travel trade sector for the development and marketing of affordable tour packages in the various tourism circuits. Training and education for tourism manpower shall be promoted through government and private sector partnership to improve skills, productivity and service quality. Faster and more frequent trips to tourist destinations shall be promoted by the development of additional international and domestic gateway to tourism areas. The implementation of the proposed major transport projects such as the extension of the STAR to Batangas City, SLEX to Lucena, Marikina Infanta Road shall provide greater access to and from the main international gateway to the region, that is Metro Manila. Local roads shall be developed to complement national roads in improving access to tourism areas. Capacities of tourism ports to accommodate higher frequency trips shall be upgraded.
Beach Resort Cluster
Nature/Adventure Clusters
The development of tourism circuits aims to provide a link between tourism in the major urban areas with tourism attractions in the rural areas. The following major tourism circuits shall be promoted:
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moted as a strategy to preserve the natural and built environment. Master plans for ecotourism destination sites in CALABARZON namely Wawa Dam, Mt. Makiling, Tagaytay/ Taal Volcano shall be formulated and implemented. Establish a stronger and consistent conservation system for churches such as: La Immaculada Concepcion in Balayon, Batangas; La Asuncion dela Maestra Seora in Maragondon, Cavite; San Gregorio Magno in Majayjay, Laguna; and Basilica of San Miguel Arcangel in Tayabas, Quezon as National Treasure Sites Programs and Projects Investment in tourism shall be encouraged by providing an environment that will attract private-sector investment in existing and potential tourist destinations. New mechanisms for sourcing funds shall be explored and developed to augment existing resources for tourism development. LGUs shall prepare/ update the municipal/ city land use plans and zoning ordinances. Multiple land use that allows the maximum variety of uses consistent with conservation and carrying capacity of the tourism areas shall be allowed. For ecotourism sites, their boundaries shall be delineated, rules and regulations for their conservation, protection and management shall be promulgated. Ecotourism and agritourism shall be pro Tourism Trade Fair in Southern Tagalog Festivals Updating of Comprehensive Land Use Plans of LGUs Wealth of Wonders of Southern Tagalog Tourism and Trade Fair Calatagan-Lubang Development Project Capability Building Program for LGUs Generation of Tourism Statistics on Visitors Arrival Infrastructure and Support Facilities for Tourism clusters/circuits Investment Fora for Small and Medium Scale Tourism Enterprises La CASSA Tourism Circuit Development Master Plan Preparation for Ecotourism sites Medical Spa and Wellness Tourism Project in Laguna Standard Setting Program for the LGUs Tourism Skills Development Program
Physical facilities necessary for tourist such as accommodations, service centers, email and ATM services, observation platforms, view decks, restrooms shall be made available. Directional signages shall be made more visible and tourist- friendly.
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Outcome 2: Enhanced Social Development with Direct Poverty Reduction-Measures
Development Concerns / Challenges 1. Poverty level and status of social development as gleaned from the poverty incidence data and Human Development Index (HDI) of the region are relatively better compared to other regions of the country, however, disparity exists by urban and rural, among the provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays. 2. With the large population size of the region, CALABARZON oftentimes fare badly in terms of magnitude of poor, illiterates, malnourished and disadvantaged groups.
of micronutrient deficiencies (Vitamin A and Iron) among six months to five year old in 1998 range from 38 to 47 percent. Micronutrient malnutrition among children and adults is also high.
Education and Training

1. Poor access and Quality of ECCD services Giving children the best start in life means ensuring their good health, proper nutrition, protection and early learning. However, access to early education remains poorly addressed even today. Recent survey show that at least 66.5 percent of Filipino children (nationwide) between three and five years old were not enrolled in any form of early childhood education; i.e. play groups, day car centers or preschools (UNDP, 2004). Apart from the issue of access is the quality of ECCD services which remains a challenge until today. Existing ECCD services are characterized by insufficient childs play and absence of developmentally stimulating practices. Learning and teaching approaches of service providers are often outdated and programming methods are rigid. All these may have bearing on the school-readiness of children and could weaken ECCDs contribution in addressing a critical concern to improve school retention, especially in the early grades. 2. Low Access to Basic Education
Health and Nutrition

1. Infectious diseases still persist at high rates along with chronic and degenerative diseases which have become prevalent. Large variations in health status persist across population groups, income classes and geographic areas, paralleled by inequities in access to health facilities or providers and services, the high cost of drugs, and the limited coverage of health insurance. Drug addiction is increasingly a major concern in the region. 2. Inefficient hospital systems, ineffective mechanisms for public health programs, uneven distribution of health workers contribute to the poor delivery of health services. 3. For nutrition, the major challenge is the increased prevalence of underweight preschool and elementary school-age children especially after the government has adopted the International Reference Standard (IRS). Survey conducted by the Food Nutrition and Research Institute also show high incidence
The region enjoys a high participation rate at the elementary but it is not the case for secondary. This is due to the fact that the incidence of drop-out is quite high and not all those who complete elementary enter high school. 83
Enhanced Social Development with Direct Poverty Reduction-Measures
3. Low Quality of Education The NEAT, NSAT and regional achievement test results showed that the quality of the education in the region although better compared to many regions in the country is still low. The Presidential Commission on Educational Reforms (PCER) concluded that the causes of poor quality of education include: unwieldy class sizes, congested curriculum, use of inflexible and impassive teaching and learning techniques that inhibit active participation and feedback, and a predominance of teachers with poor pedagogical skills as a consequence of inadequate formal training. Health and nutrition status of children showed a high correlation with school performance. 4. The challenges for the higher education sub-sector can be summarized into access, quality and effectiveness and efficiency. The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) noted that there has been a significant improvement in the access to higher education over the recent period, however, there exists disparities in the distribution of higher education institutions (HEIs) in the region. Private HEIs are usually located at the cities and highly urbanized municipalities thus depriving the remote areas of quality education. Public HEIs (national and local government-funded) are also concentrated in few cities and municipalities. Access of the poor but deserving students through scholarship is very limited. There is much to be desired in the regions
performance in licensure examinations, civil service and other qualifying examinations. This could be attributed to the low qualification of faculty handling higher education courses across institutions and the region. The three fundamental functions of higher education instruction, research and extension grossly suffer from this inadequacy. This is exacerbated by the lack of necessary facilities to support research and extension services (CHED, 2001). The quality of higher education is also influenced by the quality of high school graduates entering the higher education level. Studies have shown that about 30 to 40 percent of high school students have difficulties in science and mathematics. These are carried over into the higher education level. On efficiency and effectiveness, the public higher educational system has been observed to be inefficient in the use of limited government funds. Such funds have been used largely to support operations of institutions that serve only about 26 percent of the total number of students in higher education (CHED, 2001). 5. Poor utilization of ICT by HEIs A number of HEIs in CALABARZON have already begun or, at the very least, are on the brink of fully adopting into their curricula. Most, however, continue to lag far behind (CHED, 2001). The use of ICT in teaching and learning in the Philippines is still at its infancy stage.
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Social Welfare
1. The social welfare facilities are not at all exclusive to CALABARZON hence some of these are congested. Some NGOs offer their services to needy clients from the NCR and even from other regions such as Region III and VI. Likewise, not all institutions have the capability to cater to the province they are located in, but may only be limited to the city or municipality. 2. The services provided by the social welfare institutions are limited. Most of the clientele or groups assisted by NGO-operated facilities are providing services to children (boys and girls) and the youth. In most instances the children and youth are either abused, abandoned, maltreated, exploited and/or neglected. There are no drug rehabilitation centers for the youth except some privatelyrun institutions which charge high fees. Drug addiction among the youth had increased according to the Young Adult and Fertility Survey (YAFS).
2. The quality of housing in the region leaves much to be desired. Of the occupied units in the region, 69.2 percent needs no repair or only minor repairs, 22.3 percent need major repairs, 4.8 percent unfinished construction, 3.31 percent under renovation/construction, 0.83 percent dilapidated/condemned and .0005 percent were not reported. The state of repair of HUs in the region is a little better than the national average which has 68.7 percent which do not need any repair or only need minor repairs. 3. Not all housing units are provided with electricity and potable water. The percentage of households which used electricity for lighting was 86 percent in 2000, a decrease by 12 percentage points from the 1990 census. The percentage of households with potable water is lower (81.7 %) than the percentage of household with electricity although it was an improvement by 2.1 percentage points from the 79.6 percent level in 1990. 4. Tenure is also a problem. Data in 2000 showed that only 52 percent own or are amortizing their houses, a decrease by 27.2 percentage points from 1990. In contrast, the percentage of households who do not own or are amortizing their homes, i.e. renters, households occupying housing units with or without consent of the owner have increased.
Housing
1. On housing, aside from the increasing housing backlog, there is wide disparity across urban and rural areas and socioeconomic status of households. Data from APIS show that four provinces are above the national average in terms of housing structures with roofs and outer walls made up of durable or strong materials. The provinces include Laguna, Cavite, Rizal and Batangas province. APIS showed that more than half (54.76 %) of the families belonging to the lowest 40-percent income groups in the region have walls of their housing units made up of not strong materials and 49.19 percent have units with roofs made up materials that are not strong.
Culture, Arts and youth

1. Low appreciation of culture amont the youth 2. Limited avenues for the youth to develop their artistic talents (visual and performing arts among others)
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Objectives / Targets
Social Development Outcomes
2010
Health, Nutrition and Population 1. Infant mortality (deaths per 1,000 LB) 2. Maternal mortality rate (deaths per 100,000 LB) 3. Child morality rate 4. Protein energy malnutrition (%) 5. Unmet need for contraceptive services (%) 6. Total Fertility Rate 7. Contraceptive Prevalence rate (%) 8. Teenage pregnancy (%) Education and Training 1. ECCD participation rate 2. Elementary participation rate 3. Secondary participation rate 4. Elementary cohort survival rate 5. Secondary cohort survival rate 6. Literacy rate Social Welfare and Development 1. % abused children & women Housing 1. Housing backlog (%) 2. Housing units with durable construction materials (%) 10.0 90.0 5.0 90.0 100.0 95.0 90.0 99.0 10.0 100.0 10.0 1.5 8.0 2.3 60.5 4.0
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Physical Targets
2004 A. Number of Health Facilities Required due to Population Increase 1. Hospital Beds (includes private) 2. Rural Health Unit 3. Barangay Health Station B. Number of Health Manpower Required due to Population Increase 1. Doctor 2. Nurse 3. Dentist 4. Midwife 5. Nutritionist 6. Medical Technoligist 7. Sanitary Engineers/Inspectors 8. Barangay Health Worker C. Number of Education Facilities Required due to Enrollment Increment 1. Elementary Classrooms 2. Secondary Classrooms 2. Barangays without school 3. Municipalities without school 2. Barangays without day care D. Number of Basic Education Manpower Required due to Enrollment Increment 1. Elementary school teachers 2. Secondary school teachers E. Social Welfare Facilities 1. % of indigents & vulnerable groups provided with Self-Employment Assistance 2. % of child abuse victims provided assistance F. Housing 1. % indigent households provided with housing assistance G. Culture, Arts & Youth 1. Establish schools for living tradition 2. Establish High Schools for the Arts 1 1 2 2 2 2 20 20 20 20 20 20 15 20 25 20 15 10 20 30 25 20 18 18 1,595 680 1,633 715 1,686 727 1,740 739 1,797 751 1,855 763 92 1 1,193 1,595 680 32 0 1,000 1,633 715 0 0 700 1,686 727 0 0 300 1,740 739 0 0 100 1,797 751 0 0 0 1,855 763 0 0 0 264 493 203 1,767 24 121 339 19,068 21 21 8 85 4 4 8 850 119 119 48 477 24 24 48 4,774 145 145 58 578 29 29 58 5,783 175 175 70 701 35 35 70 7,005 212 212 85 849 42 42 85 257 257 103 1,028 51 51 103 8,085 202 2,001 212 21 85 1,193 119 477 1,446 145 578 1,751 175 701 2,122 212 849 2,570 257 1,028 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
8,486 10,280
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Policies/Strategies The Plan will carry a social bias as a balance to economic growth. This means there is a need to increase human capital investments especially in education, training and health. Government instrumentalities in the region will continue to play a meaningful role in providing quality basic education and health care. Special attention will be given to expanding access of low-income groups to such services. On housing and shelter needs of the poor, socialized housing and community mortgage programs shall be addressed. Housing finances shall be made available to the poor. In the case of the vulnerable groups, targeted protection programs shall be implemented. An effective population management program shall be implemented since population is one of the main variables that affect the quality of social service in the region. A program on migration and reproductive health will be developed and pursued during the plan period. The implementation of social development programs has to be a concerted effort of the national government, LGUs and the private sector. The convergence approach shall be promoted at all levels. Also, a system of award for LGUs and non-government organizations investing in human capital shall be developed and implemented through the RDC and relevant organizations in the region. Private sector participation shall be encouraged through the establishment of barangay electric cooperatives to generate the necessary funds. Laws concerning social development such as Food Fortification (RA 8986), Urban Development Housing Act (RA 7279), Social
Reform Act, ECCD Act, among others shall be fully enforced. Promote culture and arts appreciation in schools and communities. Conduct advocacy to remove societal bias against TVET Strengthen the link between Tech-Voc education and training and higher education Improve the quality of TVET and make it available to poor but deserving students Widen access to higher education study grants Strengthen faculty development programs at all levels Promote the corporatization of SUCs
Programs and Projects
Direct Anti-Poverty Projects

Food for School KALAHI Agrarian Reform Zone KALAHI Comprehensive Integrated Delivery of Social Services (CIDSS) Kapit Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan (KALAHI) Poverty-Free Zone
Health, Nutrition and Population

Food Fortification Program National Health Insurance Program (NHIP) Nutrition Program Population Management Program Reproductive Health Program Upgrading/Construction of Hospitals and Health Centers
Education and Training

Programs to Expand Access to Basic Education and Improve Quality of Education Adopt-A-School Program Balik Paaralan Program
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Child-Friendly School System Completion of Incomplete Elementary School Curriculum Development Drop-out Intervention Program Establishment of schools in school-less barangays Establishment of Schools of the Future/Model Science and Technology Classrooms Health and Nutrition Program Mobile Information and Technology Classrooms Multigrade Program Philippine Education Placement Test (PEPT) School Building Program
Drop-out Intervention Program Health, Dental and Nutrition Program Incentive Awards Program Researches and Publications Resource Allocation and Generation Teacher-Child-Parent Approach
Establishment of schools for living tradition
Housing
Community Mortgage Program Off-site and On-site Relocation Projects Socialized Housing Program
Social Welfare
Construction and Upgrading of Social Welfare Institutions ECCD/Bright Child Self Employment Assistance
Improving the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the School and School System Adopt-A-School Program
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Outcome 3: Decentralized Development through Improved Infrastructure

Transportation Sub-sector
Development Concerns / Challenges 1. Chronic traffic congestion in the regions major road system 2. Missing road and incomplete expressway links that are critical in the regions economic activities 3. Existing road network still needs improvement/upgrading 4. Low level of service of commuter railway system (PNR) 5. Existing port facilties are insufficient to the increasing demand 6. Difficulty in acquiring right-of-way of transport projects 7. BOT transport projects are not very attractive to private investors Objectives / Targets Complete the missing links in the road network that are considered strategically important such as the STAR and SLEX tollways, tourism roads and farm-to-market roads Increase road improvement (paving) from 44 percent to 60 percent of the total road network Upgrade to permanent structures all remaining temporary bridges Construct bypass roads in heavily congested urban centers Fully develop the Batangas International Port to complement the Port of Manila and Subic Develop potential ports for RoRo operations Provide the right-of-way (ROW) of transport projects
Policies and Strategies Promote intermodal transportation system by integrating the road, rail, water and air transport in a seamless manner Prioritize the completion and extension of expressways and other missing road links in the road network which are strategic and would stimulate development in the region Prioritize upgrading of existing transport infrastructures Strengthen traffic management and control in road traffic problem areas Promote Road Roll-on-Roll-Off Terminal System (RRTS) such as the Batangas CityCalapan City route of the Western SRNH Promote mass transit development in the region such as extension of light rail transit, modernization of PNR lines and provision of busway system, if feasible Intensify public (local and national) and private sector partnership in planning (including ROWA), fund mobilization, implementation and management of transport projects
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1
Telecommunications
Development Concerns / Challenges 1. Low teledensity (no.of telephone lines per 100 persons) in Quezon at 3.71 2. Not all municipalities are served by telephones 3. Low telephone subscription rate at 45.89% in 2002 4. Decreasing over all teledensity for the Region from 13.36 in 2001 to 11.11 in 2002 Objectives / Targets Provide telecommunication services that are at par with international standards Provide telephone service to all municipalities/cities in the Region Expand cellular mobile telephone service Provide at least one public calling office in each municipality/city Provide at least one telephone line for each municipal hall/city hall for government communication purposes Increase to 10 the teledensity for Quezon province by 2007 Provide access to cellular mobile telephone service to 95% of the barangays Increase the subscription rate of telephone lines to 56 percent by 2010
Southern Tagalog Access Road (Lipa City-Batangas City) SLEX Extension (Calamba City-Sto. Tomas) Manila-Cavite Toll Expressway Extension (Noveleta) SLEX Extension (Sto. Tomas-Lucena City) Marikina-Infanta Road Widening of Governors Drive & Traffic Corridor Mgt. Project
2 4
3 5 6 7
CALA East West Roads (Tanza-Muntinlupa Highway and Calibuyo San Pedro Highway 8 Alaminos-Lipa Road
9 10 12 13 14 15 16
Ternate-Nasugbu Road San Juan (Laiya)-Lobo Road Calamba-Los Banos Bypass Road Alaminos-San Pablo City (ASAP) Bypass Road Candelaria Bypass Road Sariaya Bypass Road Mabini Circumferential Road
17 Aguinaldo Highway (Traffic Corridor Management Projects) 21 Batangas-Bauan Ring Road 23 San Narciso-San Andres Road (Provl Road) Presidents Bridge Program Urgent Bridge Construction for Rural Development Batangas Port Development Project Phase II Calatagan Port Development Project Real Port Development Project Atimonan Port Development Project Nasugbu Port Development Project LRT Line 1 Extension (Baclaran-Bacoor) MRT 8 (Sta Mesa-Angono) MRT 2 Extension (Santolan-Masinag) South Manila Commuter Rail Project Phase II (Alabang-Calamba City) Main Line South Extension Phase I (Calamba City-Legazpi)
Policies and Strategies Install at least one public calling office in each municipality/city Ensure that all municipalities and cities are with at least one telephone line Improve teledensity of Quezon province Encourage expansion of cellular mobile telephone service to cater all the barangays as much as possible Increase the subscription rate of telephone lines
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Decentralized Development Through Improved Infrastructure
92
Figure 3-1 Proposed and Pipelined Transport Projects
Programs and Projects Development of Government Information and Infrastructure Technology Establishment and Development of Telecom Facilities Mechanization of Delivery System
mercial uses Provide adequate security for the transmission and generation capacity facilities Provide electricity to 90 percent of the regions total number of household Energize the remaining three percent unenergized barangays in the region
Power Generation, Transmission Network and Electrification

Development Concerns / Challenges 1. Projected power supply shortage by 2007 2. Continuous hosting power plants 3. Environmental hazards such as dust generation, carbon dioxide emissions and improper waste disposal from coal power plants 4. Regular brownouts are still experienced 5. Need for strict implementation of ER 1-94 6. Robust economic growth 7. Ensuring security of transmission and generation capacity facilities 8. Alignment of transmission lines becoming an eyesore 9. Three percent of the barangays in the region are still not energized 10. Insufficient funds for the electricity projects 11. Right-of-way acquisition problems for the installation of transmission lines 12. Some of the unenergized barangays are not accessible Objectives / Targets Provide adequate, stable, reliable, efficient and reasonably priced energy/ power Cultivate strong partnerships and collaboration with key partners and stakeholders Improve and expand transmission facilities to adequately serve all industry participants Regionalize energy planning Operationalize the use of natural gas as fuel for transportation, cooking and other com-
Policies and Strategies Encourage generation capacity additions Rehabilitate existing facilities Prioritize the use of renewable energy sources Refrain from establishing coal power plants as much as possible Develop the use of natural gas Promote development of indigenous on renewable energy sources such as wind and solar Implement strictly the EIA system Pursue information dissemination in ways to conserve energy Implement proper waste disposal system Implement strictly the ER 1-94 Identify and implement more health and environment projects using the funds of ER 1-94 Upgrade old transmission lines Install additional transmission lines Install additional power transformer and circuit breakers in substations to prevent potential overloading Keep the additional transmission lines within the existing transmission lines right of way. If it is not possible, transmission lines alignment shall be only on one side parallel to the road Regionalize energy planning Encourage privatization of power and transmission facilities to remote barangays through the establishment of electric cooperatives Address all energy projects with preferential bias for environment-friendly energy programs The provision of electricity to the unenergized barangays shall be prioritized 93
Decentralized Development Through Improved Infrastructure
Programs and Projects Wind Farm in Mauban, Quezon Sunflower Solar Water Fabricatiion Plant in Laguna Techno Park, Sta. Rosa, Laguna Conversion of Malaya Powerplant to a base plant of Natural Gas Alaminos 500 kV Switching Station Project (Turnkey) Batangas to Manila Natural Gas Pipeline Project Bian Dasmarias Transmission Line Project Kalayaan-Calauan-Makban T/L Upgrading Project (Turnkey) LNG Import Terminal, Calaca, Batangas
Luzon Island Transmission Augmentation Program (LISTA) Luzon Transmission Upgrading I (Turnkey) Dasmarias Substation Expansion Natural Gas Vehicle Program for Public Transport (NGVPPT) Power Conservation and Demand Management Program (POWER PATROL) Technology Transfer Project on Clean Coal Technologies (CCT) Tiwi-Makban Rehabilitation Project Coco-biodiesel Program Expand Rural Electrification Program Expand Capacity Addition Program for Existing Small power Utilities Group (SPUG) AreasKALAHI Programs
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Outcome 4: Sustainable Management of the Environment
Development Concerns / Challenges 1. 2. 3. 4. Rapid depletion of natural resources Encroachments in protected areas Loss of biodiversity Massive land conversion in favor of commercial, residential and industrial uses 5. Unsustainable management of remaining production forest 6. Deterioration of shore and water quality due to pollution, sedimentation, coastal erosion and build-up of fishpens 7. Lack of appreciation of the importance of healthy environment 8. Environment disturbance due to mining and quarrying operations 9. Degradation of water quality and freshwater ecosystems 10. Conflicts on delineation of existing and potential ancestral lands/domain claims 11. Weak institutional capability for management of ecosystems 12. Exposure of people to natural hazards such as floods, landslides, air and water pollution 13. Inadequate social services and deteriorating quality of environment in urban areas Objectives / Targets Accelerate land distribution/titling of A&D lands from 2005-2010:
Areas Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON Patent Processing Issuance (In Has.) 176,923 45,113 85,496 373,630 55,713 736,875
Undertake massive reforestation (in hectares) from 2005-2010:

Areas Reforestation in Patent Reforestation Critical Watershed Processing for Timber (Watershed Issuance Production Restoration) (In Has.) 41.48 295.00 46.00 566.16 18.00 718.69 2,065.00 1,180.00 10,206.00 295.00 3,835.00 10,206.00
Batangas Cavite Laguna Quezon Rizal CALABARZON
Provide potable water to 95 percent of the regions household Provide sanitary toilet facilities to 90 of the regions household Increase the percentage of household properly disposing their garbage to 85 percent All the LGUs shall have an environmental code Enhance forest conservation, protection and sustainable management efforts of marginal, degraded and unproductive upland areas Manage the remaining forest in a sustainable manner and expand dipterocarp areas both for ecological and commercial purposes Enhance biodiversity conservation efforts Promote awareness on the importance of natural resources conservation and management as well as mitigation of natural hazards Promote social justice and equity and recognize the rights of Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) Protect the people from environmental hazards Promote a livable urban environment Reforestation of border areas between municipalities and provinces Establish mini-forests in city centers 95
Sustainable Management of the Environment
General Policies /Strategies Establish/strengthen institutional crosssectoral mechanisms for integrated environmental management Prioritize the rehabilitation and protection of environmentally critical proclaimed protected areas Reassess/amend Protected Area proclamations where there is conflict in management jurisdiction Institutionalize polluters pay principle in general by all industries Provide equipment for environmental monitoring Strengthen the capability of local authorities in environmental management Promote adoption of R & D towards sustainable development of natural resources Study the possibility of liberalizing the issuances of Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) without compromising environmental standards
Provide alternative sources of livelihood to uplift the socioeconomic conditions of upland communities Strengthen the program for the management of the dipsterocarp forests Institutionalize support for sustainable forest management Adopt an integrated package of intervention in addressing the underlying causes of deforestation Recognize ancestral domain claims
Coastal and Marine Ecosystem

Formulate policies in coordination with other stakeholders regarding nearshore areas which can be delineated for various purposes, including mangroves, reclamation and tourism Identify priority areas and set targets for coral reef rehabilitation, mangrove reforestation, seagrass rehabiliation and swampland Evaluation of existing fishing methods in relation to the sustainability of the fisheries resource Develop anti-poaching/illegal fishing plans funded by municipal resolutions and developed in a participatory manner Provide alternative livelihood for sustenance fishermen Formulate an appropriate action plan for protection of marine environment from landbased activity Develop scientific and technological capabilities for coastal and marine researches, monitoring and equipment
Policies/Strategies by Ecosystem
Forest Ecosystem
Delineate the final boundaries of forest resources and establish a permanent forest line Determine appropriate plantation techniques for openland and degraded areas Determine erosion control measures on critical slopes, roads and stream banks, fill slopes, rills and gullies of critical watershed and disseminate information Assess the present strategies on forestation and afforestation Develop an effective pest and disease management control system Expand the implementation of all PeopleOriented Forestry Programs
Freshwater Ecosystem
Identify and inventory watershed areas and other sources of potable water
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Protect the interface of water bodies and land by employing the buffer zone concept Rationalize land use to prevent degradation, erosion and siltation of lakes and other water bodies
Minerals and Mines

Ban quarrying activites in environmentally critical areas Require companies to formulate abandonment plans with adequate funds guarantee and undertake continuous rehabilitation of mining affected areas Deputize mining companies to protect forest in mining areas by entering into MOAs/ MOUs Implement measures to ensure mine safety and minimize risks arising from mining operations Institutionalize social acceptability as a prerequisite to all mining projects starting from exploration Declare a moratorium on mining operations and the granting of permits in environmentally-critical areas
Strengthen management of disaster-prone areas Enhance monitoring of air and water quality Intensify urban water protection efforts Implement urban infrastructure for basic services such as water, energy, sewerage, transport system and solid waste management Encourage clustering of LGUs in operation of sanitary landfill and waste water treatment plants Establish forest parks and tree strips along main thoroughfares in urbanized cities and municipalities
Forest Management Program

Massive Reforestation Program Reassessment of NIPAS Initial Components and Additional Sites Demarcation of Protected Area Boundaries Identification and Delineation of Hazard Prone Areas Soil Conservation and Watershed Management People-Oriented Forestry Programs Sustainable Upland Management Trainings for Upland Workers Technology, Credit and Marketing Assistance Progam for Upland Livelihood Transformation of Land Uses such as brushland, grassland and mixed used into forest plantation Training Program for Eco-tourism Provincial Task Force for the Protection of Ancestral Domain
Biodiversity
Restore/rehabilitate damaged critical habitats Mobilize and integrated information education and communication (IEC) system for biodiversity conservation
Urban Ecosystem
Strengthen capability of local government units with respect to devolved environmental management functions Implement an effective population management program Develop mechanisms to upgrade or relocate existing informal settlements
Management of Coastal, Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Management Program

Mangrove Plantation Establishment Project Mangrove Rehabilitation Project
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Sustainable Management of the Environment
IEC on Coastal Resources Management Alternative Livelihood Programs for Fisherfolks Skills Training/Upgrading Program on Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Management Fisheries and Acquatic Resource Management Councils Mobilization Project Zonification of Water Bodies
Biodiversity Enhancement Program

Rehabilitation/Restoration of Critical Habitats Projects Publication of Popularized Educational Materials on Biodiversity Conservation
Urban Ecosystem
On-site/Off-site Resettlement Projects Socialized Housing Program Solid Waste Management Program Waste Minimization Project Materials Recovery Facilities Project Common Sanitary Land Fill Common Wastewater Treatment Plant Pollution Control Program Air and Water Pollution Control Management and Monitoring System Disaster Management Programs Flood Control Projects Disaster Preparedness Project Urban Forestry Projects Urban Renewal Program Population Management Program Training Program for LGUs on Environmental Management
Freshwater Ecosystem Management Program

Establishment of Policy Framework for the Sustainable Use of Freshwater Ecosystem Monitoring and Metering of Ground Water Extraction Project
Minerals and Mines Management Program

Adopt a Tree, Adopt a Mining Forest Program for Mining Firms Establishment of Mine Rehabilitation Fund Project Enactment of Legislative/Administrative Policy Instruments
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Outcome 5: Improved Physical Planning and Effective Governance

Development Concerns /Challenges 9. Need to harmonize and integrate regional and local development efforts for more effective formulation and implementation of programs and projects.
Fiscal Management
1. Majority of the LGUs are dependent on the internal revenue allotment (IRA) thus the need for them to strengthen their tax collection mechanisms, improve fiscal management and venture into economically productive projects 2. A significant number of municipalities belong to the fourth and fifth class municipalities 3. Need to disperse economic activities to many areas as possible specifically in the third to sixth class municipalities to promote equitable distribution of resources and opportunities in the region
E-Governance
10. Extend more efforts in encouraging municipalities to develop on-line presence to contribute and improve the regions performance in terms of web-presence and e-governance
Peace and Order

11. Cases of theft, kidnapping are still prevalent 12. Terrorist activities remain a threat to the citizenry 13. Base of insurgency is broadening in many areas in the region Objectives / Targets
Coordination, Planning and Networking

4. Collaboration among government, private and educational institutions had been weak thus there is overlapping/duplication of training programs 5. Synchronization of awards and merit system given by the regional line agencies, local government units and other institutions has yet to be established 6. Synchronization of planning, programming and budgeting system has to be strengthened to ensure that the priorities in the various development plans are being funded and implemented 7. Strengthening of a Regional and Local bodies for effective implementation of plans, programs and projects 8. Database build-up system for easy access to data/information has to be established at the regional and local level
Fiscal Management
Decrease the number of fourth and fifth class municipalities Decrease dependence from IRA by LGUs Increase allocation for capital outlay and monitoring and operating expenses Increase tax collection efficiency of LGUs Provide adequate funding for the different programs of concerned line agencies on peace and order during the plan period

Further strengthen RDC coordination role in regional development Further improve collaborative mechanism,
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Improved Physical Planning and Effective Governance
structures and processes for consensus building and effective decision-making and policy and project implementation Sustain the gains of interlocal cooperation in development planning and project implementation Strengthen regional and local institution and promote participation of private sector in the development bodies Provide efficient, timely and responsive delivery of government services Enhance grassroots-focused information campaign on government services, programs and projects Improve relationship and linkages between local governments and constituents with new levels of accessibility and interactivity Develop workforce with the skills, work ethics and accountability that will provide quality public service
Disaster Preparedness
All LGUs shall have prepared disaster preparedness plans and have activated their local disaster teams.
Policies and Strategies
Fiscal Management
Introduce improvement in the LGU tax collection process through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS)

Institutionalize an integrated training program or activities among government and private training and educational institutions Promote interlocal cooperation in development planning and project implementation Advocate the convergence approach among the RLAS, LGUs and NGOs in the delivery of basic services Professionalize public service through appropriate training and institutionalization of awards and merit system to boost the morale of honest and dedicated government employees Conduct advocacy activities to encourage participation of private sector in the development and implementation of programs and projects Conduct impact assessment of programs and projects to determine relevance and responsiveness to the needs of the region Produce uniform indicators, data series, disagregation for regional- and local-levels statistical systems Strengthen coordinative linkages between the government and non-government organizations in disaster relief and management Promote efficient use of financial resources through synchronized planning, programming and budgeting process
E-Governance
Make CALABARZON online with an electronic bureaucracy to eliminate the traditional queues in the regional and local government offices Produce efficient and effective workforce through IT empowerment that will translate to better delivery of services Produce e-enabled local governments able to effectively apply IT in local governance.
Peace and Order

Improve popular awareness, appreciation and support for government initiative. Strengthen capability of RLAs, LGUs and NGOs in disaster management and control Reduce the crime rate in the region by 15 percent in the first year and 60 percent by the end of the planned period Improve the efficiency of the criminal justice agencies and help the government crime prevention program
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Continuously develop one-stop-shops at the regional and local levels to minimize red tape Ensure the integration of child rights, human rights, gender and development (GAD), population and development (POPDEV), culture, indigenous people (IP), informal sector and other concerns in the LGU development plans and sector plans of agencies
information network among the pillars of the criminal justice system (law enforcement, prosecution, adjudication, rehabilitation and re-integration to the community) to facilitate the identification and apprehension of criminals
Disaster Preparedness
Include the preparation of an updated disaster preparedness plan as requirement in the release of IRA
E-Governance
Formulate a comprehensive information system for easy access to data at the regional and local levels Strengthen effective use of information technology in generating public awareness and strengthening linkages for development Improve existing procedures to reduce processing time and documentary requirements in government transactions Establish Knowledge Development Centers that will serve as repositories of data and information not only on women and children indicators but as well as IT Strictly implement Republic Act No. 8972 which mandates LGUs and Government Agencies to be e-commerce ready Create an Official Regional Web Portal that will provide links and complete directories of government and private institutions with a GIS feature where site visitors may find the actual location of a certain area Conduct annual assessment of status of IT resources and manpower Conduct fora, meetings and consultations to advocate LGUs on the benefits of IT to promote awareness and increase appreciation of the potential advantages of e-governance and e-commerce Formulate policies and regulations to standardize baseline data on IT Digitize documents and other pertinent data and establish local databases for speedy access and dissemination. Establish an integrated and computer-based
Peace and Order

Enlist the 100 percent cooperation and participation of the citizenry in the war against crime
Capacity Building
Strengthen mechanisms for performance appraisals of and government agencies and local government units Strictly implement RA 6713: Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials and Employees Develop an HRD program that would answer the need for highly trained and motivated personnel Conduct capability-building activities for RLA and LGU Officials and employees to equip them with the necessary skills and competencies to carry out devolved functions Capability-building on the preparation of disaster preparedness plans
Programs and Projects Building Safe Community Program Police Community Relations Program Police Visibility Program Cash Reward Program Communication and Advocacy Program Excellence in Governance Program Harnessing Public Sector Unionism 101
Improved Physical Planning and Effective Governance
Improving Public Service Delivery Professionalization of the Civil Service Integrated Regional/Local Information System Project Southern Tagalog Information Sharing Network (STISNET) Integrated Capability Building Program of RLAs and LGUs Knowledge Development Centers DevInfor Database Establishment Official Regional Government Web Portal Development
On-line directory of government and private institutions Operationalization of the Regional Government Center (RGC) Rebel Returnees Program Special Operations Desk Program Special Operations Team (SOT) Program Test Analysis and Calibration System for Software Development Witness Protection Program Covert Intelligence Program
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Part IV Advocacy for Plan Implementation

To operationalize the strategies set forth in the plan, a comprehensive advocacy plan shall be developed. The plan shall include the active involvement of the CALABARZON Knowledge Network (CKN) to ensure that the plan is disseminated at all levels. The CKN shall ensure that the plan will gain wide acceptance by the provincial, city and municipal governments, business community and civil society organizations (CSOs). It is expected that the LGUs and business community will align their priorities to contribute to the achievement of the regional goals and the 10-Point Legacy. To enhance the linkage of the plan and the budgeting process, workshops shall be con-
ducted to ensure that the major final outputs (MFOs) of all agencies are anchored on the five regional development outcomes. The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) in conjunction with the agencies shall develop a medium-term capacity building program including strategy for change management for line agencies in implementing the Organizational Performance Indicator Framework (OPIF). The finalization and implementation of agency OPIF will ensure that all activities of the agencies will contribute to the attainment of the desired results. An assessment of plan implementation shall be done annually and shall form part of the input for the annual budget call.
Plan of Operation for Regional Plan Communication and Implementation 2005 - 2010
1. Plan Communication Advocacies Preparation of Advocacy Materials Printed RDP RDP in CD Form RDP Abridged Version PowerPoint Presentation 3. Training of Speakers Bureau Plan Communication Strategies RDP in CALABARZON Newsletter Publication in STISNET Press Releases for RDP Component Briefing Program for Various Stakeholders 2. Mainstreaming of RDP for Planning and Implementation Sectoral / Agency Activities Operationalization of RDP in Local Plans and Programs Private Sector Mobilization for Plan Implementation Advocacy for Private Sector Initiative 4. Plan Implementation Monitoring Advocacies Localization of RPMES Private Sector Participation
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For comments / suggestions, please call or write to:
National Economic and Development Authority

Regional Office IV-A (CALABARZON) NEDA Complex, EDSA, Quezon City, Philippines Tel #: (02) 927-7699 | Fax #: (02) 929-6044 Email: scsantos@nro4a.neda.gov.ph
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Calabarzon Devt Plan 04-10

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Region IV-A: CALABARZON Development Plan 2004-2010

MALACAAN PALACE Manila

NATIONAL ECONOMIC AND DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Pasig City

ROMULO L. NERI Socioeconomic Planning Secretary and NEDA Director-General

REGION IV-A DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL Quezon City

RICHARD ALBERT I. OSMOND Chairman, RDC IV-A

NEDA Regional Office IV-A (CALABARZON) Quezon City

SEVERINO C. SANTOS OIC-Regional Director

Introduction Part I Regional Development Framework

Strategic Outcomes and Actions

Advocacy for Plan Implementation

MC MDG MFO MIMAROPA

Regional Development Framework

2-1 2-2 2-3

2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7

C. Table 2-11 2-12 2-13

2-14 2-15 2-16 2-17 2-18 2-19

2-20 2-21 2-22

D. Table 2-23 2-24 2-25 2-26 2-27 2-28

2-31 2-32 2-33

2-39 2-40 2-41 2-42

E. Table 2-46 2-47 2-48 2-49 2-50 2-51 2-52

F. Table 2-53 2-54 2-55

2-58 G. Table 2-59 2-60 2-61 2-62 2-63 2-64 2-65

Strategic Outcomes and Actions

Regional Development Framework

C. Figure 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10

E. Figure 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 G. Figure 2-15

Strategic Outcomes and Actions

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Guideposts to Medium-Term Development Planning for CALABARZON

Global Context: Philippine Commitments as a Member of the Community of Nations

National Context (Medium-Term): 10-Point Agenda for National Development

National Context (Long-Term): National Framework for Regional Development

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Contents of the CALABARZON Medium Term Regional Development Plan

Part I Regional Development Framework

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Goals and Development Outcomes

Regional Development Framework

Table 1-1 Medium-Term Macroeconomic Targets

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Regional Development Framework

Part II Situational Analysis

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Population Growth Rate and Density

Source: National Statistics Office (NSO)

1970 208,427 264,378 244,943 490,906 92,665 386,083 209,079

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Source: National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB)

XI Other Reg. Philippines

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

LABOR, EMPLOYMENT AND LEADING ECONOMIC INDICATORS

% Urban % Rural % Agri % Industry % Service

Medium-Term Regional Development Plan 2004-2010

Agricultural Production Performance

(In Million Pesos)

Figure 2-5 Total Crop Production in CALABARZON (in MT), 2003

PALAY BANANA CALAMANSI Spice

CORN PINEAPPLE Beans/Nuts Others

COCONUT COFFEE Root Crops