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Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Shear Force and Bending Moment 2.47

Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Strength of Materials P. H. Jain

Simple Stresses and Strains Simple Stresses and Strains 1.21 3.21

23. A member ABCD is subjected to point loads P1, P2, P3 and P4 as shown in fig. Calculate the forece 5 2 P2 necessary for equilibrium if P1 = 10 kN, P3 = 40 kN and P4 = 16 kN. Take E = 2.05 10 N/mm . Determine the total elongation of the member. S.R.T.M.U. [N 09]
Dia. 25 mm Dia. 50 mm Dia. 30 mm

P1

P2
1 2

P3
3

P4

1000 mm

600 mm

800 mm

Solution : Given :

d1 = 25 mm, L1 = 1000 mm, P1 = 10 kN,

d2 = 50 mm, L2 = 600 mm, P3 = 40 kN,

d3 = 30 mm. L3 = 800 mm. P4 = 16 kN. Find P2 = ?, l = ?

Dia. 50 mm P2 =
1

E = E1 = E2 = E3 = 2.05 105 N/mm2. A1 =

2 2 d1 = 25 = 156.25 mm2 4 4
10 kN

Dia. 25 mm

Dia. 30 mm 16 kN

2 2 A2 = d 2 = 50 = 625 mm2 4 4 A3 = 2 2 d 3 = 30 = 225 mm2 4 4 Fx = 0 10 + P2 40 + 16 = 0

40 kN
2 3

34 kN 1000 mm

600 mm

800 mm

For the equilibrium of the entire bar, (considering +ve and ve)

P2 = + 34 kN ()

Consider Free Body Diagram (F.B.D.) of each part as shown in fig.

10 kN 34 kN 40 kN 16 kN 10 kN

1000 mm 10 kN 34 kN 40 kN 16 kN

24 kN

24 kN

600 mm 10 kN 34 kN 40 kN

16 kN

16 kN

800 mm

Thus, forces on each part P1 = + 10 kN = + 10 103 N (Tensile) P2 = 24 kN = 24 103 N (Compressive) P3 = + 16 kN = + 16 103 N (Tensile) We know that, total change in length of bar l = l 1 + l 2 + l 3 Here E1 = E2 = E3 = E l = l = PL P1L1 PL + 2 2 + 3 3 A1E1 A 2 E 2 A 3E 3

1 P1L1 P2 L 2 P3L 3 + + E A1 A2 A3

l =

10 103 1000 24 103 600 16 103 800 + 625 225 2.05 105 156.25
1

l = + 0.1519 mm (Elongation)

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Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Strength of Materials P. H. Jain

S.F.B.M. Shear Force and Bending Moment 2.43 2.47

35. A simply supported beam carries an U.V.L. and a point load as shown in fig. Draw shear force and bending moment diagrams. Also, locate the position and magnitude of the maximum bending moment. Solapur Univ. [M 08]
20 kN/m 30 kN

C D
1m 3m 1m

B E
1m

Solution :

Step 1 : Support Reactions : V = 0 ( = +ve, = ve) RA + RB (

MA = 0 (

= +ve,

= ve)

1 +( 20 3) 3 + 30 5 RB 6 = 0 2
6RB = 240 kN RB = 40 kN () and RA = 60 40 = 20 kN ()
20 kN/m

1 20 3) 30 = 0 2

RA + RB = 60 kN Step 2 : S.F. Calculations : SAL = 0 [L] SAR = 20 kN [L] SC = 20 kN [L] SD

+ ve

ve

30 kN

h D
3m L.D.
Parabolic Curve nd (2 degree curve)

B E
1m RB = 40 kN 1m

1 = 20 ( 20 3) = 10 kN [L] 2

RA = 20 kN 1m

SEL = 10 kN [L] SER = 10 30 = 40 kN [L] SBL = 40 kN [L] SBR = 40 + 40 = 0 [L] Step 3 : B.M. Calculations : MA = 0 [L] MC = 20 1 = 20 kNm [L] MD
Cubic Curve (3rd degree curve)

20 kN 0 +

20 kN x S.F.D.

F 10 kN 10 kN 40 kN 52.66 kNm

40 kN

1 = 20 4 ( 20 3) 1 = 50 kNm [L] 2
or 30 1 + 40 2 = 50 kNm [R]

50 kNm 40 kNm

20 kNm 0 B.M.D.

+ 0

ME = 40 1 = 40 kNm [R] MB = 0 [R]

Step 4 : Maximum B.M. : In S.F.D., the S.F. is zero at point F. Let x be the distance of point F from C. Load intensity at F = h = Since S.F. at F = 0. B.M. at F = 20 (1 + x) (

20x 3

h 20 Q x = 3
A
20 kN

C
1m x 3m

1 h x) = 0 2 1 20x 20 ( x) = 0 2 3
20 ( 20

h F

20 kN/m D

10x 2 3

= 0

60 10x2 = 0
6 = 2.449 m

10x2 = 60

x =

1 x x2 20x x 2 h x) = 20 + 20x h = 20 + 20x 2 3 6 3 6

= 20 + 20x

20x 3 18

20(2.449)3 = 52.66 kNm 18 Maximum B.M. = B.M. at F = 52.66 kNm

= 20 + 20(2.449)

Therefore, Maximum B.M. is at 1 + 2.449 = 3.449 m from A.

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Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Bending Stresses in Beams Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Simple Stresses and Strains 3.13 3.21 Formulae of Maximum Bending Moment (M) in Some Standard Cases : Table below shows magnitude and position of maximum bending moment in some standard load conditions.
1) Simply supported beam with point load at mid span W A L/2 L 3) Cantilever with point load at free end W A L Mmax = WL B Occurs at fixed point. L A L/2 B Mmax = 2) Simply supported beam with u.d.l. on entire span w /unit length A L B Mmax =

WL 4

wL2 8

Occurs at mid span.

Occurs at mid span.

4) Cantilever with u.d.l. at free end w /unit length Mmax = B 2 wL

Occurs at fixed point.

Type 1 Problems on Beams having Symmetric Cross-Section

1.

A steel cantilever beam of span 4 m is subjected to a point load of 2 kN at the free end. The crosssection of the beam is 50 mm wide and 75 mm deep. Determine the maximum bending stress in the beam. Dr.B.A.M.U.[M 07]

Solution : Given : L = 4 m, W = 2 kN, b = 50 mm, d = 75 mm. Find max = ?

50 mm 2 kN t = 170.66 N/mm

A
4m

75 mm

yt A yc
c = 170.66 N/mm

Load Diagram

Cross-section

Bending stress distribution

Since, the beam is cantilever, tensile stress will develop in the top layer and compressive stress will develop in the bottom layer. Maximum bending moment is at fixed end A M = W.L = 2 4 = 8 kNm = 8 106 Nmm Moment of Inertia of beam cross-section I =

50 753 bd 3 = = 1757812.5 mm4 12 12

Distance of extreme layers from neutral axis N-A

d 75 = = 37.5 mm 2 2 M Using the relation = I y

ymax = yt = yc = max =

M 8 106 ymax = 37.5 = 170.66 N/mm I 1757812.5

(i.e. t = c = 170.66 N/mm)

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Strength Shear Stresses in Beams 4.29 Strengthof ofMaterials Materials P. P.H. H.Jain Jain Shear Force and Bending Moment 2.47 32. A simply supported beam carries a u.d.l. of 80 kN/m over the entire span of 6 meter. The crosssection of the beam is a T-section having flange 150 mm 50 mm and web 50 mm 150 mm. Calculate the maximum shear stress for the section of the beam. Also draw shear stress distribution diagram. S.R.T.M.U.[D 11], Dr.B.A.M.U.[ [M 98]

Solution : Given : S.S.B. of L = 6 m, w = 80 kN/m, T-section as shown. Find 1, 2 and max = ?

80 kN/m A 6m RA = 240 kN RB = 240 kN B

From symmetry of load diagram, wL (80 6) = = 240 kN Reaction RA = RB = 2 2 Maximum shear force = Shear force at A and B S = 240 kN = 240 103 N
150 mm 50 mm 1 12.5 mm 150 mm N 2 2 A 62.5 mm 1 50 mm75 mm 25 mm 0

1
11.29

2
33.88

max = 35.29

y = 125 mm

50 mm Cross-section

0 Shear stress in N/mm Shear stress distribution

Distance of centroidal axis (N-A) from base of section

y =

A 1 y1 + A 2 y 2 A1 + A 2

(150 50) 175 + (50 150) 75 = 125 mm (150 50) + (50 150)

Moment of Inertia of beam cross-section about N-A I = I xx1 + I xx 2 = [ I G1 + A1h 12 ] + [ I G 2 + A 2 h 2 2 ]

150 50 3 = + (150 50)(175 125) 2 + 12 Shear stresses at top and bottom of the section are zero.

50 150 3 + (50 150)(125 75) 2 = 53.125 106 mm4 12

Shear stress in top flange at junction of top flange and web (Section 1-1) 1 =

240 10 3 [(150 50) (50)] SAy = = 11.29 N/mm bI 150 53.125 10 6 240 10 3 [(150 50) (50)] SAy = = 33.88 N/mm bI 50 53.125 10 6

Shear stress in web at junction of top flange and web (Section 2-2) 2 = or

2 = 1

Flange width 150 = 11.29 = 33.88 N/mm Web width 50

Maximum shear stress = Shear stress at N-A. Consider area above N-A. max = NA =

240 10 3 [(150 50) (50) + (50 25) (12.5)] SAy = = 35.29 N/mm bI 50 53.125 10 6 240 10 3 [(125 50) (62.5)] SAy = = 35.29 N/mm bI 50 53.125 10 6

or alternatively, by considering area below N-A max = NA =

Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Strength of Materials P. H. Jain

Direct and bending Stresses Simple Stresses and Strains 5.9 3.21

12. A rectangular column 200 mm wide and 150 mm thick is carrying a vertical load of 15 kN at an eccentricity of 50 mm in a plane bisecting the thickness. Determine the maximum and minimum intensities of stress in the section. Dr. B.A.M.U.[M 08], Amravati Univ.[M 09]

Solution : Given : b = 200 mm, d = 150 mm, P = 15 kN = 15 103 N, e = 50 mm. Find max and min = ? Area of section A = b d = 200 150 = 30000 mm2 Moment of Inertia about bending axis (Y-Y axis)
15 kN 50 mm

db 3 150 2003 Iyy = = = 100 106 mm4 12 12

Distance of extreme layers of section from Y-Y axis b 200 x= = = 100 mm 2 2 Direct stress d = Bending stress

15 10 3 P = = 0.5 N/mm (Compressive) A 30000

200 mm Y A
150 mm X

50 mm

C X D

M 15 10 3 50 Pe b = = x= 100 = 0.75 N/mm Z I yy 100 10 6

Maximum stress max = d + b = 0.5 + 0.75 = 1.25 N/mm (Comp. on side CD) Minimum stress min = d b = 0.5 0.75 = 0.25 N/mm (Tensile on side AB) Stress distribution at base section is shown in fig.

B x min = 0.25

Y x

max = 1.25

13. A hollow rectangular column is having external and internal dimensions as 1200 mm deep 800 mm wide and 900 mm deep 500 mm wide respectively. A vertical load of 200 kN is transmitted in the vertical plane bisecting 1200 mm side and at an eccentricity of 110 mm from the geometric axis of the section. Calculate the maximum and minimum stresses in the section. Dr. B.A.M.U. [N 09]

Solution : Given : B = 800 mm, D = 1200 mm, b = 500 mm, d = 900 mm, P = 200 kN = 200 103 N, e = 110 mm. Find max and min = ? Area of section A = BD bd = 800 1200 500 900 = 510000 mm2 Moment of Inertia about bending axis (Y-Y axis)
1200 mm 900 mm A 800 mm 500 mm Y

Iyy = =

DB3 db 3 12 12 1200 800 900 500 12 12

3 3

P 110 mm X X

= 4.1825 1010 mm4 Distance of extreme layers of section from Y-Y axis B 800 x= = = 400 mm 2 2 Direct stress d = Bending stress b =
B x Y

C x

Base Section

P 200 10 3 = = 0.392 N/mm (Compressive) A 510000 M Pe 200 103 110 = x= 400 = 0.210 N/mm Z I yy 4.1825 1010

min max

Stress Distribution at base

Maximum stress max = d + b = 0.392 + 0.210 = 0.602 N/mm (Compressive on side CD) Minimum stress min = d b = 0.392 0.210 = 0.182 N/mm (Compressive on side AB) Stress distribution at base section is shown in fig.

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Shear Force and Bending Torsion Moment 6.35 2.47 Type 3.2

Problems on Composite Shafts In Series (with different torques)

34. A stepped shaft is subjected to torques as shown in fig. (a). The length of each section is 0.5 m and the diameters are 80 mm, 60 mm and 40 mm as shown in fig. If G = 80 GPa, what is the angle of twist in degrees at the free end ? Dr. B.A.M.U. B.Tech.C.[N 04], Dr. B.A.M.U.[N 99]

3 kNm D

3
C 80 mm 0.5 m

Solution : Compound shaft in series as shown. 2 kNm 1 kNm L1= L2 = L3 = 0.5 m = 500 mm, D1 = 40 mm, D2 = 60 mm, D3 = 80 mm, 2 1 3 G 1 = G2 = G3 = G = 80 GPa = 80 10 A B 40 mm N/mm. 60 mm Find = ?
0.5 m Fig. (a) 0.5 m

Consider F.B.D. of each shaft separately as shown in fig. (b) starting from shaft 1
3+2+1 = 6 kNm 3+2+1 = 6 kNm 2+1 = 3 kNm 2+1 = 3 kNm

1 kNm

1 kNm

3
D C C

2
B B Fig. (b) F.B.D. of each shaft

1
A

Thus, torques on each shaft T1 = 1 kNm = 1 106 Nmm T2 = 3 kNm = 3 106 Nmm T3 = 6 kNm = 6 106 Nmm Therefore, angle of twist at free end = 1 + 2 + 3 = = (in anticlockwise direction)

TL T1L1 T L + 2 2 + 3 3 G1I P1 G 2 I P2 G 3 I P3

L T1 T2 T3 + + G I P1 I P2 I P3

[ Q L1= L2 = L3 & G1 = G2 = G3]

1 10 6 3 10 6 6 10 6 + + = 4 4 80 10 3 40 4 60 80 32 32 32 180 = 0.4893 rad. = 0.4893 = 2.80O 500

35. The stepped steel shaft shown in fig. is subjected to a torque T at the free end and a torque of 2T in the opposite direction at the junction of the two sizes. What is the total angle of twist at the free end, if the maximum shear stress in the shaft is limited to 70 MN/m. Take the modulus of rigidity as 84 GN/m. Dr. B.A.M.U. [D 00] 2T T A 100 mm 1.2 m B 50 mm 1.8 m C

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Strength of Materials P. H. Jain Simple Stresses and Strains 3.21 44. A point in a strained material is subjected to stresses shown in fig. By using Mohrs circle find :
1) 2) 3) 4) The magnitude of principal stresses. The direction of principal planes. The magnitude of maximum shear stress. The direction of planes of maximum shear stress. Solapur Univ. [N 06]

5) The normal stress on the planes carrying maximum shear stress.

Solution : Given : x = 100 N/mm (tensile), y = 40 N/mm (tensile), = 20 N/mm, Find 1, 2, P1, P2, max, S1, S2 , n = ? +
40 N/mm 20 N/mm H R

100 N/mm

100 N/mm

A O Q B C

20 N/mm G 40 N/mm Fig. (a) Fig. (b) S

Scale : 1 cm = 10 N/mm2

Mohrs Circle : Refer fig. (b) Lets choose scale : 1 cm = 10 N/mm2. 1) Mark origin O and draw horizontal and vertical axes through O. 2) Draw OA = x = 100 N/mm2 = 10 cm and OB = y = 40 N/mm2 = 4 cm towards right from O. 3) At A and B, draw perpendicular lines AG and BH = = 20 N/mm2 = 2 cm as shown. 4) Mark mid-point of AB as C. Join G-H passing through C. With center C and diameter GH draw a circle. 5) From C, draw CR and CS perpendicular to OA. By measurement, Major Principal Stress 1 = Length OP scale = 10.6 cm 10 = 106 N/mm (tensile) Minor Principal Stress 2 = Length OQ scale = 3.4 cm 10 = 34 N/mm (tensile) Direction of Major Principal Plane
Q

2P1 = Angle GCP (in anticlockwise direction) = 33.7O P2 = P1 + 90O = 16.85O + 90O = 106.85O

P1 = 16.85O

Direction of Minor Principal Plane Or Q 2P2 = Angle GCQ (in anticlockwise direction) = 213.7O Maximum Shear Stress max = Radius CR scale = 3.6 cm 10 = 36 N/mm Direction of Planes of Maximum Shear Stress (+ ve)
Q

P2 = 106.85O

2S1 = Angle GCR (in anticlockwise direction) = 123.7O

S1 = 61.85O

Direction of Planes of Maximum Shear Stress ( ve) S2 = S1 + 90O = 61.85O + 90O = 151.85O Or Q 2S2 = Angle GCS (in anticlockwise direction) = 303.7O Normal Stress on plane of maximum shear stress n = Length OC scale = 7 cm 10 = 70 N/mm (tensile) S2 = 151.85O

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Shear Force and Bending Moment CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK

2.47

1) Simple Stresses and Strains 2) Shear Force and Bending Moment 3) Bending Stresses in Beams 4) Shear Stresses in Beams 5) Direct and Bending Stresses 6) Torsion 7) Principal Stresses and Strains 8) Thin Cylinders 9) Strain Energy 10) Slope and Deflection 11) Axially Loaded Columns Appendix : Solution of University Question Papers A) Dr. B. A. M. U. Aurangabad B) Solapur University, Solapur C) S. R. T. M. U. Nanded

Maharashtra, (INDIA)