Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

BI TP C HC T NNG CAO

Bi 1.
1. Tnh thi gian mu t th 2 t cng c kt:
c kt mu t th nht: (ng sut gy ln khng i theo chiu su,
p dng S 0)
2

8 TV1
U t = 1 2 e 4

c kt mu t th hai:
2

8 4 TV2
U t = 1 2 e

T iu kin :

U 1t = U t2 TV1 = TV2

Suy ra :

H
t2 = 2 t1
H1

2CV
2CV
t
=
t2
1
4 H12
4 H 22

Trng hp mu thot nc vi hai bin:

Trong trng hp ny H 2 trong cng thc TV ly bng
Do :

H2
= H1
2

t2 = t1 = 5 (pht)

Trng hp mu thot nc vi mt bin:

Trong trng hp ny H 2 trong cng thc TV ly bng H 2 = 2 H1
Do :

t2 = 4t1 = 4 5 = 20 (pht)

2. Xc nh cc gi tr sau:
Xc nh h s c kt thm CV, theo cm2/pht:
c kt mu t :
2

8 TV
U t = 1 2 e 4

Vi Ut =0.5 suy ra TV=0.197

Tha s thi gian :

HV: ng Th Thu H

TV =

CV
t
H2

MSHV: 09010277

Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

H s c kt thm : CV =

TV H 2 0.197 1.82
=
= 0.05106(cm 2 / phut )
t
12.5

Xc nh h s gim th tch mv, theo m2/kN:

H s gim th :

Suy ra :

mv =

1 e1 e2
1 + e1 p2 p1

mv =

1 1.03 0.97
= 0.000211(m 2 / KN )
1 + 1.03 290 150

Xc nh h s thm k, theo cm/s:

T cng thc:
k
k = Cv mv w
mv w

CV =

Suy ra:
k = 0.00021110 0.05106 104 = 1.077 108 ( m / phut ) = 1.8 10 8 (cm / s)

3. Chng minh:
0.435Cc
(1 + e) va

mv =

Trong : Cc l ch s nn l h s gc ca ng thng tuyn tnh ca

ng cong nn ln e- logp
Cc =

Suy ra:

e
e
=
log '
log va

e = Cc log va =

Cc
C va 0.435Cc
ln va = c
=
va (1)
2.3
2.3 va
va

T ng (e ') xc nh h s nn a nh sau:
a=

de
e
e
=
=
d '
'
va

H s gim th tch (ch s nn tng i) :

mv =

a
e
=
1 + e (1 + e) va

(2)

0435C

c
T (1) v (2): mv = (1 + e)

va

Bi 2.

HV: ng Th Thu H

MSHV: 09010277

Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

Xc nh h s c kt c v ca mu v h s gim th tch mv
v=

.d 2
4
v

h=

3.14 * 3.75 2 * 7.5

= 82.79(cm 3 )
4

Ta c: v = h H = v hi
i
i
i
v

vi

hi

24.50

82.79

3.75

1.10

24.10

1.08

23.70

1.06
1.04

23.15

1.01

22.55

0.98

21.85

0.94

21.00

0.91

20.35

0.89

19.80

0.87

19.50

0.86

19.20
Xc nh h s c kt c v :

Cv =

k (1 + e)
k
=
a. w
a 0 . w

H s thm k t TN c kt: k =

cv w a
1 + e1

H s nn ln a gia 2 cp ti n v n-1 c tnh: a n 1, n =

e n 1 e n
Pn Pn 1
a

Xc nh h s gim th tch mv ( h s nn ln tng i) mv = a 0 = 1 + e

1

Bi 3

Bng 1. C kt sau 24 gi

HV: ng Th Thu H

Bng 2. C kt t 40 n 80 kPa

MSHV: 09010277

Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

ng sut (kPa)

H s rng

Thi gian (pht)

H s rng

1,82

0,1

1,700

10

1,81

0,2

1,690

20

1,80

0,3

1,683

40

1,74

0,5

1,675

80

1,40

1,0

1,650

160

0,80

2,5

1,600

320

0,16

1,550

10

1,504

20

1,451

50

1,532

100

1,421

200

1,418

500

1,409

1400

1,400

a).V (e log ' ) v ( e log t ) . Xc nh p , c c v cv .

HV: ng Th Thu H

MSHV: 09010277

Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

Series1

2
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

ng cong nn ln e-log '

T th (e log ' ) ta xc nh c p = 67( Kpa )
Trn ng (e log ' ) , phn tuyn tnh nm trc vng chuyn tip c
gi l ng nn li, v phn tuyn tnh sau vng chuyn tip l ng nn
nguyn thu (ng nn ln u, nn bnh thng, notation:NCL)
'

dc ca ng nn nguyn thu c nh ngha l: ch s nn Cc

Ta c:

e1 e 2
e
0.8 0.16
=
=
= 2.126
'
'
'
320
(log ) log 2 log 1
log
160
2
2
0.197 H 50
0.197 * 21.609
Cv =
=
= 23(mm 2 / phut )
t 50
4
Cc=

Khi t=15s th chiu cao mu s l h=22.521mm

Chiu cao mu ng vi U=0
22.521+(22.521-22.214) = 22.828 (mm)
T th H-logt, ta xc nh c U=100% ng vi H 100 = 20.39( mm)
Chiu cao ng vi U=50% l H 50% = ( 20.39 + 22.828) / 2 = 21.609( mm)
b.) ln c kt s cp ca nn ng.
Ap lc gy ln: p = * h = 21* 2.4 = 50.4( KN / m )
Ap lc do ti trng bn thn: p 2 = ' * h = ( w ) * h
Tm : H s rng ban u e = w.G s = 0.69 * 2.7 =1.863
=

G s * w * (1 + w) 2.7 *10 * (1 + 0.69)

=
= 16( KN / m)
1+ e
1 + 1.863

p1 = (16 10) * 2 = 12( KN / m)

HV: ng Th Thu H

MSHV: 09010277

Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

T P1=12(KN/m) t TN nn c kt e1 = 1.808
Ta c p 2 = p1 + p = 12 + 50.4 = 62.4( KN / m)
T P2=62.4(KN/m) t TN nn c kt e 2 = 1.5496
S =

e1 e 2
1.808 1.5496
*H =
* 4 = 0.368(m)
1 + e1
1 + 1.808

c.) Xc nh chiu dy tng cng

St =U t * S

8
U t =1 *e

Ua = 1

32
2

2
*Tv
4

(1) N ( 2 N +1) 2 2TV

e

3
N = 0,1... ( 2 N + 1)

Bi 4.
a) H s rng sau khi th nghim ( e2 ):
- m mu t sau khi th nghim:
w=

Qw
0.8738 0.7399
(%) =
(%) = 18.1%
QS
0.7399

Mu t bo ha nc Sr = 1 , do :
e2 = Gw = 2.65 0.181 = 0.4796

b) Lp quan h gia h s rng v chiu cao mu t:

Lc u mu t c: chiu cao h1, din tch mt ct ngang mu A1, th tch
V1, h s rng ban u e1.
Sau khi th nghim mu t c: chiu cao h 2, din tch mt ct ngang mu
A2, th tch V2, h s rng ban u e2.
Ta c : A1 = A2 v S =h1-h2
- Xem s nn ln ca t ch do s gim th tch ca cc l rng gy ra, cn
th tch bn thn cc ht khng i, Vs = const
Ban u :

suy ra:
HV: ng Th Thu H

Vs
Vs
1
1
=
=
=
V
V Vw + Vs 1 + w 1 + e1
Vs
V
Vs = 1
1 + e1
MSHV: 09010277

Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

Sau khi nn:

V2
1 + e2
V1
V
= 2 , V V = Ah nn:
1 + e1 1 + e2
h1
h
= 2
1 + e1 1 + e2

Vs =

Do :

Quan h gia h s rng v chiu cao mu t:

h2 =
c)

1 + e2
h1
1 + e1

V ng cong nn ln e-log ' :

T quan h gia h s rng v chiu cao mu t c thit lp nh trn,
chng ta tnh ra h s rng ng vi mi cp ti, t v c ng cong
nn ln e-log ' .
ng sut '
(kPa)

Chiu cao mu

100

H s rng e

log ' (kPa)

11.90

0.6363

2.000

200

11.85

0.6226

2.301

400

11.63

0.5992

2.602

800

11.05

0.5194

2.903

1600

10.40

0.4301

3.204

400

10.54

0.4493

2.602

100

10.76

0.4796

2.000

h(mm)

d) Tnh t s OCR:
OCR =

pc
p0

Trong :
Pc : p lc tin c kt, c xc nh t quan h e-log ta xc nh
c gi tr p lc tin c kt .
Po: ng sut hu hiu (bn thn) theo phng ng, p0 = ' h
Theo ta tnh c:
pc = 46 kN/m2

HV: ng Th Thu H

MSHV: 09010277

Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

p0 = ( w )h

V:

- Trng lng ring mu t sau th nghim:

=

Suy ra:

Gs w (1 + w) 2.65 10 (1 + 0.181)
=
= 21.15 KN / m3
1+ e
1 + 0.4796

p0 = (21.152 10) 4 = 44.61KN / m 2

T s OCR:
OCR =

pc
46
=
>1
po 44,61

Vy t c kt trc

Bi 5:

pZ/H

Kho
ng tha
m

Chng t rng c kt trung bnh ca thn p s nh sau:

Ua = 1

32
2

(1) N ( 2 N +1) 2 2TV

e

3
N = 0,1... ( 2 N + 1)

Theo l thuyt c kt thm ca Terzaghi, ta c phng trnh vi phn c bn ca

bi ton c kt thm mt chiu:
Trong :
Cv =

2 u u
CV 2 =
t
z

k (1 + e1 )
: h s c kt.
wa

S nh hnh v l s 1 ng vi trng hp c kt ca lp t di trng

lng bn thn.

HV: ng Th Thu H

MSHV: 09010277

Bi tp C hc t nng cao

GV: ThS. Trn Quang H

thi im ban u, ngay khi gia ti, ton b ti trng u do nc trong cc l

rng tip thu, do mi im trong t, p lc trung tnh u c gi tr bng cng
p ca ti trng ngoi.
cc thi im trung gian, ngay trn mt t l ni nc thot ra ngoi, p
lc trung tnh ca nc l rng gim xung bng 0 nn u = 0, cn mt y v
khng thm nc th

u
=0.
t

Cui cng thi im t=, trong nn t p lc nc trong l rng hon ton

tiu tn v u=0. Cc iu kin bin ny c th vit gn li nh sau:
t = 0 v 0 z H u = .Z
- 0 < t < v z = 0 u = 0
-

z=H

u
=0
t

- t = v 0 z H u = 0
S dng cc iu kin bin v iu kin ban u gii phng trnh vi phn c
kt thm ta c biu thc ca c kt ua:
Ua = 1

32
2

HV: ng Th Thu H

(1) N ( 2 N +1) 2 2TV

e

3
N = 0,1... ( 2 N + 1)

MSHV: 09010277