'7   


12 3451 / +,-.('  &%
1 =5
  :/;.
&  2  -985
48 8 38-= 188 4-885 88 ? 88

88
388C 88
88 :
88G E88 ;88 =88C
8 8 ?8& - G.
  .8H( 8
KL8M1
 8G
8 8
;. +R  P Q  


?( O 451
KLM1
8G
 -  1-


S;P( - 451
 9
 E
 8. 8'P
 388-[ Z88
188G  &885Y
&889
 X88. 882G
88
88
88.1PW


 3    X( 'WL

4
  1. -. .
(\
& 8 8
18P
8
89. 82G

8
1( 8- 4851[8
-9C 1 -
]8R 8C 185
8 8 
8 8;-G
_8P
8 8
 =5
  ( .  
51P5 `-
 O8 88
188 889. %[88P
88P
;88 188PW. P885 88C 88 88
88, 884P
5 e.
G  = C 15 8 8 PM(\ 8
85
 8[38- +8
; :( 4P L
9?/

Z( 1 . E1
,W C H (W   S[

? 1
:h
2 HH9
 =
 - %
HW = ) 
9( -
 2
Posener G., "Les asiatiques en Egypte sous les XIIe et XIIIe dynasties," Syria 34 (1957), p.145-

63
Gardiner A.H., Gardiner A.H., The inscriptions of Sinai I, (1952), pp.19, 90, 101, 105, 114, 206

erny J., Peet E. The inscriptions of Sinai II, (1955), p.385

:( E1
:(  E( :9?/
9. - 9?/ 7 %  P
H84 C E( K zS8
8 8 8
8 =8M

{ 388C Z88- K88-

188P
88
 (Hwt-wart) 88 388C
 88188C| 188?(
H88  8891 88P  388-
;88

?1-
P 'X. +C :P-
MP  1  
'&1   
   +?2
8

?
 ?) .
1 %-
1 : E _ M

 2 - (-

   





   

8 89
 8C1(  85 8W( E W C W( %'1 15=  9
Z

|{8 P / W( H : ( +

 4P
 - 
. E W C
81
 8C |8W
E8 W
S8 8. 4851
'

 P. (
9
)
.

 7 3C 9?/
:( 4P - z1; e.

:   
+8-W 8  1'R



 
 5 



?8
 8 8 8;  Z- ((  _

 9 C : ( 451
'

 P.
Z8- K8-{ 8[ 8 8. O
?1P[ C ( 
  4-5 S
8 8

 85=. 8?( 8
 8?
 84,( 8G (8- 18 
 Y
. 9.

8 ) 4851
 8

8. 8 8
 8- 8 8 8

 85=? 9(
%8( O8 
 Y(  451
?' ' 

 9 ?
9.
82 85= 8 _ =8P
 84,( :8
= (8C 8
 G

  (5=
8 8
_ 8P
 8 8 8
 85= 18- 8 %'C85X. G
' P
 ;| -
M= 1
 ( . 5

   = ZC +  C 5=
4

Bietak M., "From where came the Hyksos and where did they go?," Orientalia Lovaniensia

Analecta (2010), p.140

5

Grimal N., A History of Ancient Egypt , translated by Ian Shaw, Cambridge (1994), p.182
2 - 

9?4
%[  
(  : [ Y1 6
- 2 - =
HW
 
  / ( :
1 %-
? 7

Ben-Tor "Review: Seals and Kings" Bulletin of

American School of Oriental Research

315(1999), p.65
9

Callender G., "The Middle Kingdom Renaissance (c.2055-1650 B.C)" in: Ian Shaw ed., The

Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (Oxford- 2000),p.148

10

Wegnar J., Dynasty XIII kingship in Ancient Egypt: A study of political power and

administration through an investigation of the royal tombs of the late middle kingdom, PhD
unpublished (2008),p.8

   




   


KLM1
 G
85=. 82G

 8 8
88 =84
89( 8
' 8 8

? `-( 'P.=5.
(H   1- =5

  

&18- %8& E8 % =85
89.
 +?882XC 88P 88&- 8  8C
 8 =88 8C
188PW O8 +88
( 'P

85]

 8

 8 8
8. 8 . 8 8 P. 48. :8( 84P 8

& 884P 88C %88

(IT-&Awy) +88- 88=885
88 88'P( +88&C 88 889.


. .1PW  e;2 4P
 P1&( `
S. =5
  9. . 5
 8888Y
 88
488 88 88- 88 :
) 88
88 4 {K88
1( .[ h 
?  Z 8 .8 8P 18 818 H8
Y 8& 8.
= (5

 
 % Z?[1 .  9.
 
1 :C=5

1?9
8. 8 8
3C
K{P
1485 +8( 89 =85
 8 89.
 /8-
`8 ( KC8
8W 8

 
;  -
9 Y . E
 9./ & %=85


 +88 & 88 88=885
88 88?{ 88 88 5H +88 %88& E88 88P=885

 G
 & .(Hwt-wart)  +
( 88P49
KL88M1
 88GX88. L88? 88?4 88 88 =885

88 88
;. +R   C
  'P& 4-
;  -?' 8C
8 : 8C 8'(1
8G
 C +W O
 C '& - RC
G  { K
 
8'[1
8
8.1P
C88.
88 885
889 88&. 188-?. 88P \ 88
? 88- 88
88-
= M
&; . C
 (
 %R9
;1

1[1 `-( C
? 11
:h
2 HH9
 = 3
 %
HW = ) 
 ( &? =1-W
 2 -
12 /
( : 
 
HW =
|-W=M
-
9?4

 -

The political situation in Egypt during the second intermediate period

PM IV, 30

13

Ryholt K.S.B.,

14

(1997),p.88
Ryholt K.S.B., op. cit.,pp.336-405

15

16
[ E
2 - K.

   





   

8. 8
 8 W
(   %'; +

  5=   4P

8 8  C 4--

h  1[
 G
1P
( .

1885 88
K{88P
. %&88
 88C 88'P9. 885 88; 8
 88 88
 88
Z8 8 8- 8;
 8C Z855 %'P8 :8&
8 8
 .1PW

 K{P
88 1-9
. 88 ;88&
 88M= 88-
 88G
188P
 88 ( Z88 & 884
8
 8
 8
 84P C + &( 
  
 5
  
.'
9 
:  
8 8
 8
 8 :&87 P85 8 ;&
 --
 M= -
 PP& (
84P 8C 8
 9?
 L;    9
%( O  

 5=
/88 88 188G Z88 88GC 8 - 
88
 887 88 8 C 8891
( ) z188? :88(
_&
%( Z
 C.  

 5=
 :
 H. +  
? P[= 9?

18 8 . 8 ;18 8G 8' R9 

. C M= -
  ? 
8

 85= 8 O8?
 
. 
  W
   . ;-&
:88P
 88- 88'C 488( +88 88
 =88-
 G88( -88 88
%88P 88
8= 485 O8  9.
5= %&
 C 'C 
 -
 


     C   
 : C %&( P   . 

 4P -
8 S8 8 8

 5= 1' . SP `
() z1? :( 4P . ? 4
8  8
 C8. () z18? :8( MQ 4P . 
 -9
 L;
Z;P( Z?5
8. 8 +8- 84P
` 8-(  8
 ( P

 
:
 4P
M= h

`
; P( M 17  1' 9


 +(  

 5=
17

Ben-tor D., "The Historical implication of Middle kingdom Scarabs found in Palestine bearing

private names and titles of officials ", BASOR 294 (1994).,p.12-17 ; Ryholt K.S.B., The political
situation in Egypt during the second intermediate period c.1800-1550 B.C., Museum Tusculanum
press,(1997),p.86
18

Ben-tor D., op. cit.,p.12-17 ; Ryholt K.S.B., op. cit.,p.86

   





   

8
 8. /8 89 W( 8 8 :;( 9?{ 1G( K{P : ( +
' C
8 8

 85= 8 
E[( M 
&_ 
 C ?
E[  .
8W
 8  8
8?
 84
 G85 8
 P85  . 1 K{ 4P C
8P 8. . +8( ) z18? 84P  8?
9.  G`
?
-( 

 G`
?
-( ?
 .  e.( 

? 1
 --5 C 
. 
 5=;  -5 'L %(
:  !  
+88 & 88
 88 88 885 88 L +88( 88P( 8 
 885= 88
8 `8-
 8?9 8 8

 85= 18- %8& 8' 

 4P 5= zS
8 :8; z8
 8 . 8 `8-
 8M= 18
( 5= zS 1- '7
88C 88- 885| 885
 88
 887 884P 388- 4885 88 88

 885= %88&
88C %88( 88 (88 889.
885= 88 88 Z88 88. 88

(Hwt-wart)

8
? 8. 8 e.( 
 W
 4
 X( %( 
 : - 4

88 188&

88
 88. 88

 9?/88
:88( (Hwt-wart) 884P 188-
Y\88 88
.%'&-
 5
88C 88'P _88&
%88( 8 
 88 889.
885=. 882G
 88M= 88-
 88(
8 Y 8 
( 4
- 1? :( 4P ) 

 7  91
 4P

84P . 8
 8 :8 O?
 
K{P

 : .
19

Bietak M., Avaris the capital of the Hyksos recent excavations at tell el-Dab'a, (1996), pp.55-63,

fig.50 ; Bietak M., "From where came the Hyksos and where did they go?" Orientalia Lovaniensia
Analecta 192 (2010), p.152 ; Stager L.E., "The MB IIA Sequence at Tel Ashkelon and its
Implications for the "Port Power" Model of Trade. [in:] M. Bietak (ed.), The Middle Bronze age in
the Levant: Proceeding of an International conference on MB IIA Ceramic Material, 24th-26th of
January 2001 (2002),p.353 (fig.2)
20

Bietak M., Avaris and Piramesse: archaeological exploration in the eastern Nile Delta,

(1981),p.352 ; Bietak M., "From where came the Hyksos and where did they go?" Orientalia
Lovaniensia Analecta 192 (2010),p.151
21

Bietak M., "Tell ed-Dab'a" [in:] D.B. Redford (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt,

I. Oxford University Press, (2001),p.255

   





   

 X8
?  Z.   9.
5=(   ) z1? :(  4

`8-
 8 8
E8[( 8
; 8&
 8M= 8-
` 8
 8-  (? 
:

: _&
%( O 
85 8'- 8 8W
 8W
 8 81
8- () 1? :( E1 . _&
%( ()
-.:&887)

188{ :88 L88,

 P
88. (aA-sH-ra)| (NHsy)| :88 `88-

.(

z18? :8(  
 
HW
 C ZP _&
%( W
 W
  . _  H[ ()
.( [.:&7) (NHsy) 'P.   `-
%5 H ( &  1 '- ()
18
:8 8?  (1

 () M= -
  1 W  _&
%( ()
188?9
 88  88 `88-
 88'- 1882 8 1-
() z188? :88( 889-
388.,

:888 888RP
888
 P888
?888&
 888'. 18882 S888
(bA-nb-Dd)
88( 88&-
:88? 88 ' G885 88 881-
 S88
. 88[ %A ra NHsy
.( .:&7)   G
 5=|  C1.` -
 7 (tAny)|
:8  89?4
%W
8. 18?9
 8= 89?4
%W
8. 8W
 8W
 8 ( ( )
18& 8;
 8 8[ 85 
 C 1 Z[  %W. |
[ G7
%8( 18& +8 Z8( Z8P _8&
 8PM 8?( 1 4 Z[1
H[

8 85 18
18 8 
Z8 8?( 8 -
8 -9
 P-
?{(  '  

 89 48. :8( |8(

:( 9?/
:( :C  %5 : ( 3
 M= 3-
  1 W  _&
%( 22
85 +85 18? . 8-( 8  9?/
:( 4P C &-
 29
 5\  1 1&'-
7?
_ -
?9 
Bietak M., "Zum Knigreich de aA-sH-rA NHsy", Zeitschrift fur schweizerische

.|88C

Archaeologie und kunstgeschichte 3 (1984), pp.62-5,75, fig.1-2,pl.1 ; PM IV,pp.37-38; Bietak

M., Avaris and Piramesse: archaeological exploration in the eastern Nile Delta, (1981),p.255
23

Abd el Maqsoud M., "Un monument du roi 'Aa-sH-r' nHsy Tell Haboua (Sina Nord), Annales du

service des Antiquits de l'Egyptian 69 (1983), pp.3-5 ; Abd el-Maksoud M., D. Valbelle., "Tell
Heboua. L'pigraphie," Revue de l'Egypte (2005),pp.4-5,fig.3a.b.
24

Abd el-Maksoud M., ibid, pp.4-5, fig.4a.b.

25

Abd el-Maksoud M., ibid, pp.8-11, fig.6a.b.

   




   


8888. %8888W. = (@r-nb-msn) 888858888

? O8888
;8888


 - ( Y
 1 Z1 Z[1.= 5
& 8( 8 .
8

 888 888[ 888 888." 1888"

1888  8881
888-
;
8885 888 `888-
S888.
).:&7(.
{? _P88
88
8 -= 88M
& ;88'88?( 88  8 -[188 88 1RP88
& 888( 888- 1888? :888( 8884P . ) ([ E888
?888 888
&888
Z88891
885( W. Z881188 K88{ 88 1. 88 88.
88 _88&( 88 .
;L88

?1? :( 4P C - )P  ( ([ E

 C =5
. 9.
( L88 88
; L88
8 884P
88 4 :88( 88
.
{1G88

:( 4P
; 785]
9 +
 8 89.( 8?9
8-= 8M
&;8
8C 884P 88 88
88 4 188? :88( 884P ) ( 8- 881 88
Y 88
`88-
  C %&
.  :
 (.'P X
88 88
) 88
K{88P
X88 (88
1 . 88 8888
88
)=5

  =5
 ( 9. 8 84P P 'P( +
;8
?18-
4P
 4 (? O ;
1- 1
.[ `8-( C
8;-
K{8P 38-
?

8(  X8
1 :8C
W?. 8 K{8P 885( :-8
8
 W=[8
 :88
C88. 
88
8'88?-
E88 4 88
8 -E88 4 88'-9[ 88 %'887 885

] P5   


= 9 4 &( %   -
8 %
 ' 5( W
&? O 18G( K{8P :8 ( +8 {?+8( E8( 89
5


 8C8
18 8C 8C 8
%8C _9/8
 8 8-G
K8 9
5(P5) 
3W(  %;8 8;.
48
8  8-= %
8
8
) %-
  E.
 (  
 %
Z[1
?.

Abd el-Maksoud M., ibid, pp.6-7,pl.III

26

Ryholt K.S.B., op. cit., p.103

27

Yacoub F., "Excavations at Tell Farasha", ASAE 65,(1983),pp.175-176

28

   





   

:   " 
+8 & 8
 8?P[= 85= 8 (1&'
   ) G
 5=? 9(
8( 8C 8
 =8
 8 8
 8. 8

' 182X. 8 P( 8 .   H[

488-
88  88 H88[ E/88G  88
 885= 88 88. S88P 88
(88?{ 8C 88 . )8-?
Z88[1
%H88 88 588
 885= 188- 882 .88?P[=
89. 89 8
 85-
8?{ 9?/8
:8( 8C 8 8 G
 5= %& .
. 9.
 5= 1- 5 %  5
5= 1-
?
[O 
1- -
?P
. '   - P9 1&'

`88-
88G (|88C )9?/88
:88. Z88- 1889
%88( 8 . _88 8 - (tAS) 88 88 -
L88,
. 88&- 1885 88?
_ 88 8 - 88 188&'
188-
:8 L 88 (skr Hr)
8
 8( O8 (ir tAS.f ) 
:1P
 - 
- [ ( - :&7)

 55=_ L1
  'P X( ' RP(|
 5X. G
 P9

.
1-
' .
88H 88{= 88  881{ ?188&'-
  88 L88
 88&;
+88
_8&
%8( 8
 8M= 8-
 8&
8R %8
[
 = %R9 +- 7 
8 8 8' h[ 

 1P
 M
& 
 '  K{P
` -. 'P
8C 88- 88 E88 88;
( 188&'
188-
 88 88 . 8W
 889
K88{
.W( ' P  ; K{P
29

Bietak M., "From where came the Hyksos and where did they go?" Orientalia Lovaniensia

Analecta 192 (2010),p.140

30

Ryholt, op. cit., pp.336-405 , 408-410

31

Bourriau J., "The Second Intermediate period. [in:] Oxford History of Ancient Egypt,

(2002),p.203
32

Bietak M., Avaris the capital of the Hyksos recent excavations at tell el-Dab'a, (1996),p.fig.52

33

Quirk S., "The Hyksos in Egypt 1600B.C.: new rulers without an administration", Chapter 8 in:

Crawford H., (ed.) Regime change in the Ancient Near East and Egypt from Sargon of Agade to
Saddam Hussein. Preceding of the British Academy series. London: British Academy,
(2007),p.123-139




   


   

 +
8
8&-
8.1PW
'&18 9 8?{ 8&- E8 8C 8 O8
S
`8- 81
8C |881C "  _88 ) (18 (4-85 8 8[18C %
  C Q1  [
| 8 E8185  .18 :8H8[ %8& 8
   1 9 Y E45 ."_P 9.  C 92
 
; L= 8M
 8[ 84P . +8
8 4 z18? :8( 84P
) 88. ( 88 P885 C88.
%88( 88 8
&1
88. Z88P _88 E=?8 . 88M
88
 & 88
188 X88. 88&-
'&188  8 - 488( +88
884P
1 88. 88988C| )(:88

M  (9?/ )( (z1? :

1 C 9 7

  8 %C -
 E8C
?18-
C=.


& - -
8 4 P85
P85 +8?9 ' 8 8
( `-
?
 G1G( 4P '1 (;[ 8  :' 8 & %8( 8
8


 [, C
 4P
 4  4P
;
?1- P5
 -
1P

:
) % $%:
1- |5
'&1  ?  C8 ;87 8 8
+- 87 
8
 
 ' ( :
; 7( :
%8C 8- .8
8 4 8
8'W
8
(1? : )M(  %C -
;
?18- .18 K8{ 8
8 8C %&8-
`8:

 ( 'P X 48. :8( 84P 8C 88 ( :8
'1 %8( 88 H8
P{1 1 C['

E .1PW
? +
) ?4=5
 ( 9.[8
S
.  ( C( |5X
P
  C H
8
8 %8 %8
.8 8
.
'&18 {? 8-
8= 8M
& ;8(X8
;8G
&8( %8( 88 W 8
( :  G  ' C :
'&1.

Gardiner A., "The defeat of the Hyksos by Kamose: the Carnarvon Tablet," JEA 3 (1916),pp.98-

34

99
Shaw Ian and Paul N., The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt, (2003),pp.136-137

35

   





   

887 884P 388- %'(4885 188C 88 188&'

188- h/88 K?885 88
W(885 88'91
(Hwt-wart) 9?/88
:88( |88C 8C %H88 ( 884 88 
88

88' 48851
 88

88 88 88 
 88
188P
 88'( O88 H88 

88 4
:88 88 -88 8 - 88( 88'1 884
%88C (r-wAty)
8C %&8
1
 
%
=  X. 1&'

`   S
1 K{
8 84P
 8- 8,( 18' 8
 8  829
 X8

8
 :

. 9
 P
 ( ' ( P
E51( 
8 8 4
 84P 8C (P{18 ) 8M= E81
  9

   ?%/( P{1 3

  & ( ' ( - :&7) 1&'

18&
 8( 8 8 38C 81 8PC 8 Q .8 E 182 8C P 
'. P  %51 M
3-=| -W
 L; '. +; 3
 P
.
8 8'P

1&'
 
 ( '  3
E[( . E 12

.8
P&85 {1G8
:8( 8 8 38C  Q .  Z. _&
%(

8'P 89?
84
 8. e8C 8GC  - 'C   (/ .{

36

Bietak M., Avaris the capital of the Hyksos recent excavations at tell el-Dab'a, (1996),p.7 ;

Adam SH., "Report on the excavations of the department of antiquities at Ezbet Rushdi", ASAE 56
(1959), p.223
37

Grimal N., op. cit., p.185

- 8 8M
38-=| 8-W
 L8; +8[ ; Bietak M., Tell el-Dab'a II, Vienna (1975), p.50 38
.|C1.  1-
 5 : ( 9[ 1[1
1&'
'  3
:
 X( %( O E1
.
88 88M
388-=| 88-W
 L88;) - 882 388-
88 88M]
=388 -9
388-
:188WP
%
885 88 

39

.(
2 3-
  M]
E.
3 -9
3-
:3 3C  40
-  M
3-=| -W
 L; 41
 M
3-=| -W
 L; 42
.M 17 

1. 1;  .
:( L; ( :K
`   ? - 3C 43
P8885 888M 888 -9
H
888. 888?
888
- 888 3.888{
:888( L888; 888 888 :888
1888 3;4888

44

//
-  M
3-=| -W
 L; 45




   


   

(88 88GC '4885 388- 88P e88C

%88 %88[88 ; 88'. L8888
88WP E8851.
1. { K4  P
1.
(\ -
1 E
 .
 ' 
'&1    8-[18 (8,
55 C=5
  G 
&_
1&'- C %-
  )(
4P
 4(  -9C  X( -18
8 (Hwt-wart)  829-
&8R %8

- '11={

C. 
-
  
8
8.1PW
8 E8

? +
?49.   /
 9?5
1 C
   .
.
) 0 %/ +,- ):
  
 h=M 5 
-L P5 %(
&_   
[ 
;G

 -
 EP
;8G
18
\8 89.
'&18
C  ; 1 '/9. .
? : 87 8 8 P85 %8( /8

&_   9  GC ( :
'1
 9
H
'&1 8 8
1( 8851 E8888GC E88  8888
) 88
889
?H88
e8851
88-

 (88
& 88. _88 P885 88 88P 88  = :88 884
P{1 1 K{ -  . P5.
8   .
P{18
84
W18 K8{ 8- 8
8[18
 (W  L(SG { K
?   . e..
 ?8 8-

`
; L
 [ :( C +/ )
. (Tel Ridan    |18
8
(

&
9
P  ( `-
?
8P Z- G (18? :8
) (
46

S   3-
;
?1-
?
 ZW( %M e51
; ZP
P 3

  %
5
1WP := %-
  Z[1
.
?  3C
 38 85 8M 
8518 18P 8

- [ 2 -4P{ 9
Oren E., "Sinai, North, Late prehistoric and dynastic sites", [in:] Encyclopedia of the

47

archaeology of ancient Egypt, ed. Brad K.A., Routledge (2005),p.896

( :
/ :5 - E :
?
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Oren E., "North Sinai", [in:] The New encyclopedia of archaeological excavation in the Holly

48

land , vol.V (1994),p.1388

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50

Abd el-Maksoud M., Tell Heboua (1981-1991) Enquete archaeologique sur la Deuxieme

Periode Intermediaire et le Nouvel Empire a l'extremite orientale du Delta (1998), pp.35-40

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Bietak M., "Egypt, Canaan during the Middle Bronze age", Bulletin of American School of

Oriental Research 281, (1991),pp.27-72

53

Seiler Anne, Hebua I, Second Intermediate Period and Early New Kingdom Pottery", Cahiers de

la Ceramique Egyptienne 5 (1997),p.25

   





   

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54

Abd el-Maksoud M., D. Valbelle., "Tell Heboua. L'pigraphie," Revue de l'Egypte (2005), p.111

55

Simpson W.K., "The Hyksos Princess Tany," Cd'E 34 (1959),pp.233-239 ; Schneider

(1998),p.109
56

Abd el-Maksoud M., op. cit., pp.7-10,fig.6 (a-b),PL.V

   





   

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57

Abd el-Maksoud M., op. cit., pp.9-11,fig.5 (a-b-c),PL.IV

58

Ward W.A., Index of Egyptian Administrative and Religious Titles of the Middle Kingdom,

(1982), no 1546 ; Barbara Russo, The territory w and related titles during the Middle Kingdom
and Second Intermediate Period, (2010)
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(2009),Abb.21,22, p.108

   





   

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Giveon R., "A sealing of Khyan from Shephela of southern Palestine", Journal of Egyptian

Archaeology 51 (1965),pp.202-204,(fig. I, a and b)

61

Macalister R.A.S., Excavations of Gezer II (1912),p.316 no.85

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Bietak M., Avaris the capital of the Hyksos recent excavations at tell el-Dab'a, (1996), p60, 63,

fig.50.
64

Bietak M., op. cit., p.60 ; Oren E., "The kingdom of Sharuhen and the Hyksos Kingdom", [in:]

E. Oren (ed.), The Hyksos, New Historical an Archaeological Prospective, (1997),p.253 ;

Kempinski A., "Tell el-'Ajjul- Beth Aglayim or Sharuhen ?", Israel Exploration Journal 24
(1974),p.150
65

Leonard A., "Late Bronze Age" Biblical Archaeologists 52/1 (1989),p.5

.( 1P[) ;
:( '. . 'C 66
Pritchard J.B., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Related to the Old Testament, p.233

67

Bietak M., op. cit., p.63

68

Richard L.D., Kings of the Hyksos, Tell el-Ajjul in the Bichrome ware period: A comparative

stratigraphic analysis, University of Utah (PhD, 1994),p.136

   




   


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69

Petrie W.F., Ancient Gaza III, (1933),PL.XLVII

70




   


   

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() 94:
Abd el-Maksoud M., D. Valbelle., "Tell Heboua. L'pigraphie," :
Revue de l'Egypte (2005), figs.3(a-b),4(a-b),pl.v,pl.III

   





   

() 94:
: 
Bietak M., Avaris the capital of the Hyksos recent excavations at tell elDab'a, (1996), p.39, fig.34

() 94:
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Forstner-Muller I.,"Tombs and burial customs at tell el-Dab'a", Orientalia

Lovantiensia Analecta 192 (2010),p.128,fig.2 ; Abd el-Maksoud M., Tell Heboua
(1981-1991) Enquete archaeologique sur la Deuxieme Periode Intermediaire et le
Nouvel Empire a l'extremite orientale du Delta (1998), pp.35-40

   





   

() 94:
: :  (stx-m-wsxt) :1
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Abd el-Maksoud M., D. Valbelle., "Tell Heboua. L'pigraphie," Revue de
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() 94:
3