AGENTS OF DIPLOMATIC INTERCOURSE

1. Head of State May be a monarch or a president. Entitled to certain immunities and honors Exempt from criminal jurisdiction as well as civil jurisdiction EXCEPT where he himself is the PLAINTIFF. Not subject to tax or to exchange currency restrictions. Ceremonial amenities are also due to him UNLESS travelling incognito

(WHAT IS INCOGNITO? ) The monarch or president will be covered by this immunity even if he enters into a contract of marriage under a fictitious name. In the case of Mighell vs. Sultqn Johore: Hence in Mighell v. Sultan of Johore, the Sultan of Johore in India, whilst visiting England became engaged to a young English woman to whom he disclosed his untrue identity as that of Albert Baker. The Sultan, having failed to fulfill his promise of marriage, the lady attempted to sue him for breach of promise of marriage. It was held by the British Court that a ruler of an independent sovereign state, Johore, having been so regarded for that purpose, the ruler was immune from legal process unless he decided to wave his immunity and to submit to jurisdiction. 2. Foreign Secretary Before, heads of states personally undertake the function of diplomatic negotiations. Now, the conduct of external affairs is now generally entrusted to foreign secretary or minister, EXCEPT on matters of such significance or delicacy.

3. Diplomatic Envoys The regular day to day conduct of international affairs is entrusted to the members of the foreign service who are the permanent envoys representing their states. The heads of these diplomastic missions as are as follows a. Ambassadors b. Envoys

c. Charges d affairs (annotations sa book)

(Isagani Cruz, International Law, 2004)