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Cholera
WHAT IS CHOLERA ?
Cholera is an infection in the small intestine caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae.
SYALLABUS I. Describe the causes and symptoms of cholera. II. Explain the transmission of cholera. III. Desribe the roles of social, economical and biological factors in the prevention of cholera.
Causes
Small, comma-shaped motile bacterium called VIBRIO CHOLERAE
Bacteria multiply & release an enterotoxin called choleragen mucosal epithelium lining.
Violent inflammation of s.i. The toxin prevent the normal absorption of salt & h20
SYMPTOMS
An untreated person with cholera may produce 10 to 20 litres of diarrhea a day with fatal results. The diarrhea is frequently described as "rice water" in nature and may have a fishy odor.
Abdomin al cramps
severe dehydration
Nausea
Dry skin
Excessive thirst
Lack of tears
lethargy
Leg cramps
Transmission occurs primarily by drinking water or eating food that has been contaminated by the feces (waste product). Ingestion of food contaminated by dirty water, faeces, soiled hands or flies. The disease transmitted from one infected person to another person in over crowded and unhygienic conditions.
Transmission
Hygiene Clean & safe water (mineral or boiled water ) Proper disposal of faeces Handling & preparation food (wash hand) Wash hand after defecation Prevent contamination from flies & other vectors Isolation of patients Carriers should be identified & prevented from working in the food industry
Prevention
Treatment
Oral intake of packs of water containing balanced mineral salts and glucose oral rehydration theraphy An intravenous drips Tetracycline or chloramphenicol ( antibiotics ) destroy the vibrious & decrease diarrhea