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001 002 no one gets / is left behind Wait don't leave me behind! --! leave sb/sth behind (a) fail or forget to bring or take sb/sth []: I asked you to come meet with me=I asked you to come and meet with me She's asked him to come to the party. . ~ sb (to sth) invite sb ,

003 a cluster of a cluster of houses, spectators, bees, islands, diamonds, stars number of people, animals or things grouped closely together , , , , 004 a large amount of () He can get any amount of help. . (idm.) any amount of sth a large quantity of sth :

005 a large number of () A large number of books have been stolen from the library. . (sing or pl in form; always with pl v when the subject

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is preceded by an adj ; , ) quantity or amount ; 006 a package of Ministers are trying to put together a package that will end the dispute. . package deal) set of proposals offered or accepted as a whole ;

007 a piece of a piece of advice, information, luck, news, treachery ~ of sth (a) single instance or example of sth , ,

008 a pile of/piles of The engine seems to need piles of oil. . number of things lying one upon another ; ; : a pile of books, laundry, wood (often pl ) ~ of sth (infml ) a lot of sth ; ; ; : a pile of work to do 009 result in/result from

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injuries resulting from a fall . Our efforts resulted in success/failure. [].

~ (from sth) occur as a result(1a) , , result in sth have a specified effect or consequence

010 a sequence / series of / a series of good harvests number of things, events, etc of a similar kind, esp placed or occurring one after another

011 a set of a set of cutlery, golf clubs, hand tools ~ (of sth) group of similar things that belong together in some way , , ,

012 a specialist on/good at/expert at(in) He's expert at/in cooking good cheap meals. . ~ (at/in/on sth/doing sth) done with, having, or involving great knowledge or skill ; ;

013 a stack of I've got stacks of work to do. . pile or heap, usu neatly arranged ,

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: ~ of sth (infml ) large number or quantity ; 014 a staff of I have a staff of ten. . [C usu sing , Gp] group of assistants working together in a business, etc responsible to a manager or person in authority ;

015 a while ago While I was in Madrid there was a carnival. . While I was in Madrid there was a carnival. .

016 a wide range of The new model comes in an exciting range of colours. . group or series of similar things; selection or variety ;

017 a wide selection of .. I'm delighted about my selection as leader. , . selecting or being selected ; ; the selection process

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according to According to John you were in Edinburgh last week. , . according to prep (a) as stated by (sb) or in (sth) ;

019 advise sb. on sth. She advises the Government on economic affairs. . ~ (sb) against sth/doing sth; ~ sb (on sth) give advice to sb; recommend ; ; 020 advise sb. to v. Can you advise (me) what to do next? ? ~ (sb) against sth/doing sth; ~ sb (on sth) give advice to sb; recommend ; ; 021 agree to sth. He agreed to let me go home early. . ~ (to sth) say `yes'; say that one is willing; consent (to sth) ; ;

022 agree with sb. Your account of the affair does not agree with mine. .

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(phr v) agree with sb (esp in negative sentences or questions ) suit sb's health or digestion

023 alert sb. to sth. alert staff to the crisis facing the company . ~ sb to sth make sb aware of sth (idm.) on the a`lert (against/for sth) watchful and prepared ; 024 allow sb. to V My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone. . permit (sb/sth) to do sth , , [ ] let (sth) be done or happen

025 an additional++ In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants. , . adj added; extra; supplementary ; ; : additional charges, candidates, supplies idm ) in addition (to sb/sth) as an extra person, thing or circumstance ; ... 026 an average of+

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The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. 459 6. (idm.) the law of averages => law. on (the) `average taking account of use, performance, etc over a period

027 an extra++ Her school fees are 440 a term; music and dancing are extras. 440 , . extra thing; thing that costs extra ; extrapref (with adjs ) outside; beyond ...; ; : extramarital * extrasensory. very; to an exceptional degree ; : extra-thin * extra-sensitive.

028 another country There will be rain in all parts of the country. . area of land that forms a politically independent unit; nation; state ; land away from towns and cities, typically with fields, woods, etc and used for agriculture ; ;

029 apologize for sth.. must apologize for not being able to meet you. . apologize, apologise - ~ (to sb) (for sth) make an apology; say one is sorry ;

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030 apologize to sb. Apologize to your sister! ! apologize, apologise - ~ (to sb) (for sth) make an apology; say one is sorry ; for sth

031 appeal to sb. The idea of camping has never appealed (to me). . appeal v ~ (to sb) be attractive or interesting (to sb) ;

032 argue with sb. over sth. Don't argue with your mother. . argue v ~ (with sb) (about/over sth) express an opposite opinion; exchange angry words; quarrel ; ; 033 arise from ( rise / raise) Are there any matters arising from the minutes of the last meeting? ? arise v ~ out of/from sth follow as a result of sth

034 as far as sb./sth. is concerned / The rise in interest rates will be disastrous as far as small firms are concerned.

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. as far as the eye can `see to the horizon : The prairies stretch on all sides as far as the eye can see. ,

035 as a direct result of The flight was delayed as a result of fog. . ~ (from sth) occur as a result(1a) , , : injuries resulting from a fall . result in sth have a specified effect or consequence : Our efforts resulted in success/failure. []. 036 as a whole Is the collection going to be divided up or sold as a whole? ? on the whole considering everything ; : On the whole, I'm in favour of the proposal. , .

037 as soon as ... He left as soon as he heard the news. . (just) as soon do sth (as do sth) with equal willingness or readiness (as) : I'd (just) as soon stay at home as go for a walk. , .

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as soon as possible(ASAP) Please write back as soon as possible. Make up your plan as soon as possible. make up /

039 ask to be v-ed/ask sb. to v. She's asked him to come to the party. . ~ sb (to sth) invite sb , them to dinner

040 041 assure sb.+that+ She was able to assure herself that nothing had been taken from her purse. . assured (also self-assured) adj confident ; assure sb. of sth. They tried to assure him of their willingness to work. . (idm.) rest assured => rest1

042 at length = in details He went on at tedious length about his favourite hobby. . at length (a) (fml ) after a long time; eventually; at last ; ; : At length the

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bus arrived, forty minutes late.

043 at ones leisure (~ time= free time) They're seldom at leisure. . (idm.) at leisure (a) (fml ) not occupied ; (b) without hurrying ;

044 at one's request (require / requirement / acquire) I came at your (special) request. . ~ (for sth/that...) (a) act of asking for sth in speech or writing, esp politely ; your request that I should destroy the letter .

045 at random ; The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. . random access `memory (abbr RAM) .

046 a trusted name (credible) brand/brandy You must trust in your own judgement. . trust in sb/sth have confidence in sb/sth []: trust in providence

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047 attend to (attend field ) ; A nurse attends to his needs. . ~ (to sb/sth) apply one's mind steadily; give careful thought ; : Why weren't you attending when I explained before? , ?

048 attending a meeting We've had three meetings, and still we haven't reached agreement. , . (a) assembly of people for a particular purpose ; : hold, conduct a meeting * a `prayer meeting * a political meeting * a staff meeting . (b) the people gathered together in this way : Miss Smith will now address the meeting. .

049 ball bearing We must consider the question in all its bearings. . ~ on sth relevance to sth : What he said had not much bearing on the problem. .

050 ban sb. from+N/V-ing .... He was banned from (attending) the meeting. . ban n ~ (on sth/sb) order that bans; prohibition ; : put a ban on the import of alcohol

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. 051 be alert to sth. Why weren't the police alerted? ? (idm.) on the a`lert (against/for sth) watchful and prepared ; : Police warned the public to be on the alert for suspected terrorists. .

052 be amazed / surprised at I'm surprised at you, playing with dolls at your age! ! ~ sb into sth/doing sth cause sb to do sth through sudden unexpected action : By firing a few shots we can surprise them into revealing their positions. .

053 be an asset to He's an enormous asset to the team. . `asset-stripping n [U] (commerce ) practice of buying at a cheap price a company with financial difficulties and then selling its assets individually to make a profit , .

054 be around the corner ; Her house is (just) round the corner. . `corner-stone n 1 stone that forms the base of a corner of a building, often laid in position at a ceremony

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. 2 (fig ) thing on which sth is built; foundation : Hard work was the corner-stone of his success. .

055 be aware of be aware that Are you aware of the time? ? well-informed; interested, esp in current events , : She's always been a politically aware person. . > awareness n 056 be caught +V-ing I caught a boy stealing apples from the garden. . catch sb's at`tention/`eye attract sb's attention : Try to catch the waiter's eye. .

057 be composed of Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. with one's feelings under control; calm ; ; ; : a composed person, manner, look . composedly / kmpuz dl; kmpozdl/ adv: She talked composedly to reporters about her terrible ordeal. . 058 be confine to (limit, Co.Ltd.)

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After her operation, she was confined to bed for a week. . ~ sb/sth (in/to sth) keep (a person or an animal) in a restricted space : Is it cruel to confine a bird in a cage? ?

059 be connected with.... (be related to...) .... She is connected with a noble family. . ~ (sth) (up) (to/with sth) come or bring together or into contact; join ; ; : The wires connect (up) under the floor. .

060 be content with Are you content with your present salary? ? content v [Tn.pr] ~ oneself with sth accept sth, even though one would have liked more or better : As there's no cream, we'll have to content ourselves with black coffee. , .

061 be convinced of sth. (persuade) How can I convince you (of her honesty)? ? convinced adj [attrib ] firm in one's belief ;

062 be convinced that

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What she said convinced me that I was mistaken. . convincible / knvnsbl; knvnsbl/ adj willing to be convinced ; . convincing adj that convinces : a convincing speech, argument, liar . convincingly adv: a convincingly argued statement .

063 be dedicated to N/V+ing ...... She dedicated her first book to her husband. . dedicated adj 1 devoted to sth; committed ; 2 [esp attrib ] (esp of computer equipment) designed for one particular purpose only ,

064 be delayed for+sth. (postpone) She delayed (for) two hours and missed the train. , . delay n 1 [U] delaying or being delayed ; ; ; : We must leave without delay. .

065 be delighted at/with I'm delighted at your success/to hear of your success/that you succeeded. [ /]. (idm.) take delight in sth/doing sth find pleasure in

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sth/doing sth (esp sth cruel or wrong) [ ]: He takes great delight in proving others wrong. . 066 be delighted to+v. Will you come to the party?' `I'd be delighted (to)!' ? ! delightful / -fl; -fl/ adj ~ (to sb) giving delight ; No news could be more delightful to me. . delightfully / -fl; -fl/ adv.

067 be delighted with sth. Her singing is a delight. . delight

1

great pleasure; joy ; ; : give delight to sb 068 be disappointed in / at / about I'm disappointed in you: I expected you to win. , . disappointing adj causing sb to be disappointed ; The weather this summer has been disappointing. . disappointingly adv: Disappointingly, he had nothing new to show us. , .

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069 be employed in She's employed as a taxi driver. . employ / mpl; mpl/ v ~ sb (in/on sth); ~ sb (as sth) give work to sb, usu for payment 070 be enthusiastic about She's very enthusiastic about singing. . enthusiastic / njuzastk; US -u-; n uzastk/ adj ~ (about/over sth/sb) full of enthusiasm ;

071 be faced with (encounter) He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. . (phr v) face up to sth accept and deal with sth unpleasant or demanding honestly and bravely

072 be fined+ $ +for fined for dangerous driving * The court fined him 500. 500 . finely adv 1 well; splendidly ; 2 into small particles or pieces ; 3 with precision; in a subtle way ;

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073 be finished with / You'll be sorry by the time I've finished with you, eg finished punishing you. , . finishing school ~ sth (off) complete sth or make sth perfect ; ; This blouse needs to be finished off before I can wear it. .

074 be getting+ a. It/The weather is getting colder. . (phr v) get a`bout (also get a`round) (be able to) move from place to place : He's getting about again after his accident. , .

075 be in charge of He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. , . in/under sb's charge in the care of sb : These patients are under the charge of Dr Wilson. .

076 be in demand (supply) Good secretaries are always in demand. . on de`mand whenever asked for She's in favour of abortion on demand. , .

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077 be in session (process) The court is now in session. . session / sen; sn/ n meeting or series of meetings of a parliament, lawcourt, etc for discussing or deciding sth ;

078 be in the black (in the red) in black and white in writing or in print : I want the contract in black and white. . (in) black and white (in) absolute terms, eg of good and bad, right and wrong ;

079 be in the process of N/V-ing .... We're still in the process of moving house. . (idm.) in the `process while doing sth previously mentioned : I started moving the china ornaments but dropped a vase in the process. , .

080 be in trouble Don't mention my name or you'll get me into trouble. , . get sb into `trouble (a) cause trouble for sb

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081 be interested in Are you interested in history? ? (idm.) in sb's interest(s) for or to sb's advantage ; ;

082 be jealous of ... He was jealous of Tom/of Tom's success.[ ]. jealousy / dels; dls/ n (a) [U] being jealous ; She grew tired of his petty jealousies. .

083 be limited to I shall limit myself to three aspects of the subject. . (idm.) (be) the limit (sl ) as much or more than one can tolerate : You really are the (absolute) limit! !

084 be located in/at/on / A new factory is to be located on this site. . ] discover the exact position or place of (sb/sth) , [] I'm trying to locate Mr Smith. Do you know where he is? . ?

085

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be longer than Modesty is not his long suit. . (idm.) as/so long as (used as a conj ) (a) on condition that; provided that ; : As long as it doesn't rain we can play.

086 be nothing out of the ordinary (order) His behaviour is nothing out of the ordinary, ie not unusual. . (idm.) in the `ordinary way if the circumstances were usual ; : In the ordinary way he would have come with us, but he's not feeling well. , . 087 be on the screen I work for both the big and the small screen, ie for both films and TV. . (c) (often the screen) [sing] the film industry or cinema films ; ;

088 be on a business trip to I'll be away on business next week. . ,business is `business (catchphrase ) in financial and commercial matters one must not be influenced by friendship, pity, etc . 089 be on a cruise

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Taxis cruised about, hoping to pick up late fares. , . cruise n pleasure voyage ; : go on/for a cruise * a round-the-world cruise .

090 be on sale The new model is not on sale in the shops. . (idm.) for sale intended to be sold (usu by or on behalf of the owners) : I'm sorry this painting's not for sale. , .

091 be on the go I've been on the go all week. . make a go of sth (infml ) make a success of sth : She's determined to make a go of her new career. . 092 be packed / full of / The restaurant was packed, ie crowded with people. . (idm.) ,pack one's `bags (prepare to) leave : After their row she packed her bags and left. , . 093 be pleased +that Your mother will be very pleased with you.

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. pleasing adj ~ (to sb/sth) giving pleasure (to sb/sth); pleasant ; ; The news was very pleasing to us. .

094 be pleased with sth. They were all very pleased with the news. . to do sth happy to do sth : I was very pleased to be able to help. .

095 096 be prepared for=ready to+v. .. I knew there were problems, but I was not prepared for this! , ! be prepared to do sth be able and willing to do sth : I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back. , . be pleased to V We were pleased to hear the news. . (idm.) (as) ,pleased as `Punch very pleased .

097 be qualified for Our team has qualified for the semi-final. . qualified adj having completed the relevant training

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or examination ; ; ; It takes three years to become qualified. . 098 be related to.... .... He is related to her by marriage. . (a) ~ sth to/with sth connect (two things) in thought or meaning; associate sth with sth ; : It is difficult to relate cause and effect in this case. . 099 be reluctant to V She was very reluctant to admit the truth. . reluctantly adv: After much thought, we reluctantly agreed. , .

100 be required to V Civil Servants are required to sign the Official Secrets Act. . require / rkwa(r); rkwar/ v depend on (sb/sth) for success, fulfilment, etc; need []; : We require extra help. .

101 be satisfied with She's not satisfied with anything but the best. .

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~ sb (as to/of sth) give sb proof, information, etc; convince sb ; : My assurances don't satisfy him: he's still sceptical. , .

102 be scheduled for+Ving The sale is scheduled for tomorrow. . schedule v [esp passive : Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sth (for sth) include sth in a schedule; arrange sth for a certain time ;

103 104 be short on money=be short of money I'm a bit short (ie of money) this week. . ~ (with sb) (of a person) speaking sharply and briefly; curt; abrupt , , : She was rather short with him when he asked for help. , . be serious about Are you really serious about him? ie Do you have sincere affection for him? ? ~ (about sb/sth) in earnest; sincere ;

105 be specific about ... What are your specific aims? ? specifically / -kl; -kl/ adv in a specific manner

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; ; : You were specifically warned not to eat fish. . 106 be under construction The new railway is still under construction, ie being constructed. . action or manner of constructing; being constructed , ; ; thing constructed; structure; building ; ; way in which words are put together to form a phrase, clause or sentence 107 be under discussion The plans have been under discussion for a year now, but no decision has been reached. , . discuss / dsks; dsks/ v ~ sth (with sb) talk or write about sth : Jack was still discussing the game (with his friends) when I got there. , .

108 be unhappy with/about=be disatisfied with=be not pleased with Investors were unhappy about the risk. . unhappily / -l; -l/ adv 1 sadly ; . 2 unfortunately ; ; : Unhappily, she is not here today. , . unhappiness n

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109 be unique to She is uniquely suited to the job. . unique / junik; junik/ adj being the only one of its type ; ; unusual; remarkable ;

110 be useful to ; Videos are useful things to have in the classroom. . make oneself `useful help by performing useful tasks : My nephews tried to make themselves useful about the house. .

111 because of +n. He walked slowly because of his bad leg. because / bkz; US also -kz; bkz/ conj for the reason that : I did it because he told me to. (because + stv.)

112 betweenand A B Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Austria and Italy. . between (also in between) adv (a) in or into the space separating two or more points, objects, people, etc

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You'd have a good view of the sea from here except for the block of flats in between. , . 113 beyond description It's beyond me why she wants to marry Geoff. . be beyond sb (infml ) be impossible for sb to imagine, understand or calculate , 114 book one's flight All flights have been cancelled because of fog. . (idm.) put sb to `flight force sb to flee : The enemy was put to flight by the advancing army. , .

115 break up with=split up with =get rid of John has just split up with his girl-friend. . split on sb (to sb) (infml ) give away information about a person (usu an accomplice) that will get him into trouble : Billy's friend split on him to the teacher. . 116 brief sb. on sth. The Prime Minister was fully briefed before the

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meeting. . (idm.) hold no brief for (sb/sth) not wish to support or be in favour of (sb/sth) , [ ]: I hold no brief for those who say that violence can be justified. .

117 bring about .... The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system. . bring sb/sth back return sb/sth []: Please bring back the book tomorrow. .

118 119 by way of ; They are travelling to France by way of London. . give way to sth be replaced by sth : The storm gave way to bright sunshine. . budget one's time/money / The government has budgeted 10000000 for education spending. 10000000 . budget account .

120 cancel a meeting(=call off a meeting) The match had to be cancelled because of bad weather. . cancellation / kanslen; kanslen/ n

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cancelling or being cancelled ; ; ; ; : Her cancellation of her trip to Paris upset our plan. .

121 can't wait to + V =can't help + ving He can't help having big ears. . help (sb) `out help sb esp in a difficult situation or a crisis : He's always willing to help (us) out when we're short of staff. , . 122 check into a room = check in Passengers should check in for flight BA 125 to Berlin. 125 . (idm.) hold/keep sth in `check prevent sth from advancing or increasing; control sth ; ; The epidemic was held in check by widespread vaccination. . 123 check out The police are checking up on him. . check (up) on sb investigate sb's behaviour, background, etc

124 clean up My hands are filthy; I'd better go and clean (myself) up. , .

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clean sth from/off sth remove sth from sth by brushing, scraping, wiping, etc : She cleaned the dirt from her finger-nails. .

125 come by Jobs are hard to come by these days. . come by sth (a) obtain sth, usu by effort 126 come up with (think of~) She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. . come-down n (usu sing ) (infml ) loss of importance or social position ; ; : Having to work as a clerk is a bit of a come-down after running his own business. , , .

127 compete with sb. for sth. Several companies are competing (against/with each other) for the contract/to gain the contract. . compete / kmpit; kmpit/ v [I, Ipr, It] ~ (against/with sb) (in sth) (for sth) try to win sth by defeating others who are trying to do the same ; ;

128 compliment sb. on sth.

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She paid me a very charming compliment on my paintings, ie praised them. . compliments [pl] (fml ) greetings, usu as part of a message , , : My compliments to your wife, ie Please give her a greeting from me. .

129 consult sb. about sth. I consulted a doctor about my pains. . ~ with sb discuss matters with sb; confer with sb ; : consult with one's partners . 130 convert A into B A B Britain converted to a decimal currency system in 1971. 1971 . convert 1 / knvt; knvt/ v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (from sth) (into/to sth) change (sth) from one form or use to another

131 convince sb. of sth. How can I convince you (of her honesty)? ? convince / knvns; knvns/ v [Tn, Tn.pr, Dn.f] ~ sb (of sth) make sb feel certain; cause sb to realize ;

132

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convince sb. to V What convinced you to vote for them? ? convince / knvns; knvns/ v [Cn.t] (esp US) persuade :

133 134 cost sb. a lot of money How much/What does it cost? ? (idm.) charge/cost/pay sb the earth => earth. cost sb `dear cause sb to suffer loss or injury : That mistake cost him dear: he lost the game because of it. : . 135 cost sb. an arm and a leg It costs too much. . (phr v) cost sth out estimate the cost of sth : I thought I could afford it, then I costed it out properly and found it was too expensive. , . 136 could have(if) cooperate with sb. on sth.

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You could at least have sent a card, ie It was possible but you didn't do it. . (indicating result ): I'm so unhappy I could weep. .

137 deal with=cope with=handle=take care Haven't you dealt with (ie replied to) that letter yet? ? (phr v) deal in sth (a) sell sth; trade in sth ; : My bank deals in stocks and shares now. . 138 debate the advantages and disadvantages of They debated closing the factory. . debate v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tw, Tg] ~ (about sth) have a debate(2) about (sth); discuss (sth) ; : What are they debating (about)? ?

139 debate the pros and cons of debated it for a while, then decided not to go. . debate v [Tn, Tw, Tg] think (sth) over in order to decide 140 decoratewith The building was decorated with flags.

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. ~ sb (for sth) give a medal or some other award to sb : Several soldiers were decorated for bravery. .

141 deduct a form b A B Tax is deducted from your salary. . deductible / ddktbl; ddktbl/ adj that may be deducted from one's taxable earnings : Money spent on business expenses is deductible. . 142 define a as b A B It's hard to define exactly what has changed. . define / dfan; dfan/ v 1. state (sth) clearly; explain (sth) ; 2. clearly; outline ; ...: When boundaries between countries are not clearly defined, there is usually trouble. . 143 depart for = leave for We departed for London at 10 am. 10 . (idm.) depart (from) this `life (arch or rhet ) die ; .

144 describe A as B A B

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She described it as red with pink frills. . describe / dskrab; dskrab/ v ~ sb/sth (to/for sb); ~ sb/sth as sth say what sb/sth is like; depict sth in words []; ;

145 determine to V ... I'm determined to succeed. . ~ sb against sth (fml ) make sb decide not to do sth : That determined her against leaving home. .

146 dispose off He was forced to dispose of his art treasures. . deal or finish with sb/sth that presents a problem []: She disposed of the champion in straight sets. . 147 distribute a to b A B The demonstrators distributed leaflets to passers-by. . distribution / dstrbjun; dstrbjun/ n 1 (instance of) giving or being given to each of several people, etc ; ; 2 (instance of the) positioning or allocation of items, features, etc within an area 148 Don't bother

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Shall I help you with the washing up?' `Don't bother I'll do it later.' ? --. ~ about sb/sth concern oneself about sb/sth []: Don't bother about us we'll join you later. --.

149 dream of +V-ing He dreams of one day becoming a famous violinist. . (phr v) dream sth away spend (time) idly : She dreamt her life away, never really achieving anything. , . 150 drop sb. off Could you drop me (off) near the post office? ? ~ sb/sth (from sth) omit sb/sth (by accident or on purpose) []: She's been dropped from the team because of injury. .

151 drop sth. off Could you drop me (off) near the post office? ? ~ sb/sth (off) allow sb to get out of a car, etc; deliver sth on the way to somewhere else ...;

152

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dry sth. off /out Your clothes will take ages to dry out. . dry up (a) (of rivers, wells, etc) become completely dry . (b) (fig ) (of any source or supply) no longer be available , If foreign aid dries up the situation will be desperate. , .

153 due to because of The team's success was largely due to her efforts. . (idm.)in ,due `course at the appropriate time; eventually ; : Your request will be dealt with in due course. .

154 due to the large number of He was late owing to/due to the very heavy traffic. . due to owing to , owing to Due to/Owing to the heavy traffic, he was late. , .

155 enclosed is ;() A cheque for ten pounds is enclosed. . enclose / nkluz; nkloz/ v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) 1 (also inclose) put a wall, fence, etc round

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sth put sth in an envelope, letter, parcel, etc 156 encourage sb. to V Her parents encouraged her in her studies. encouragement n ~ (to sb) (to do sth) (a) [U] action of encouraging ; ; ; The teacher's words were a great encouragement to him. .

157 enter into.... .... Let's not enter into details at this stage. . ~ sth (up) (in sth) record (names, details, etc) in a book, computer, etc: register sth ; All expenditure must be entered (up) in the account book. . 158 environmentally friendly Building a new factory there would be environmentally disastrous. . the environment [sing] natural conditions, eg land, air and water, in which we live : Many people are concerned about the pollution of the environment. . 159

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equip a with b A B The soldiers were well equipped with weapons and ammunition. . equipment n things needed for a particular purpose ; action of equipping ; : The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive. .

160 even if.. Even if I have to walk all the way I'll get there. , . even as (fml ) (used as a compound conj ) just at the same time when (sb does sth, sth else happens) ; : Even as he shouted the warning the car skidded. , .

161 event host Your host on tonight's show is Max Astor. ?. (idm.) be/play host to sb receive and entertain sb as a guest : The college is (playing) host to a group of visiting Russian scientists. .

162 fall off Attendance at my lectures has fallen off considerably. . fall for sb (infml ) be attracted to sb; fall in love with sb ; ; : They met, fell for each other and got married six weeks later.

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, .

163 fall short of The hospital is getting short of clean linen. . ~ on sth (infml ) lacking (a certain quality) : He's short on tact. .

164 fall short of a warning The attack occurred without (advance) warning, ie unexpectedly. . ~ sb about/against sb/sth; ~ sb against doing sth put sb on his guard against sb/sth []: He warned us against pickpockets. .

165 familiarize oneself with sth. familiarizing oneself with a foreign language, the use of a new tool, the rules of a game .

166 feel free to V .... May I use your phone?' `Feel free.' , ? . ~ (about) (for sb/sth) search with the hands, the feet, a stick, etc , , I had to feel about in the dark for the light switch.

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. 167 Field personnel Airline personnel can purchase flight tickets at reduced prices. . personnel / psnel; psnl/ n [pl v] people employed in one of the armed forces, a firm or a public office; staff ; [Gp] (also person`nel department) department in a firm which deals with employees, esp with their appointment and welfare 168 find out He had been cheating the taxman but it was years before he was found out. , . find for/against sb (law ) give a verdict in favour of/against sb []: The jury found for the defendant. .

169 focus on=concentrate on / I'm so tired I can't focus (on anything) today. , . be/go out of `focus not be or no longer be clearly seen, etc : The children's faces were badly out of focus in the photograph. . 170 fold up

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This garden table folds (up) flat. . fold sb/sth in one's arms hold sb/sth closely []: Father folded the tiny child in his arms.

171 follow the procedures What's the procedure for opening a bank account? ? ~ (for sth) action or series of actions (to be) completed in order to achieve sth ; ; 172 for the sake of We made concessions for the sake of peace. . for the sake of argument as the basis of a discussion : Let's assume, for the sake of argument, that inflation will remain at 5% per year for two years. , 5%. 173 for a change Are you for or against change? ? ~ (from sth) (to sth) (a) act of going from one train or bus to another ; : He had to make a quick change at Crewe. .

174 For good She says that she's leaving the country for good, ie intending never to return to it. .

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do (sb) `good benefit sb : Eat more fruit: it will do you good. , . * This cough medicine tastes nice but it doesn't do much good, ie isn't very effective

175 forbid She was forbidden access to the club. . God/Heaven for`bid (that...) (expressing a wish that sth may not happen ): Heaven forbid that anything awful should have happened to her. . 176 get an extension on sth. He's got an extension to finish writing his thesis. . (a) ~ (to sth) added part; addition; enlargement ; ; (b) ~ (of sth) additional period of time ; 177 get in contact/touch with sb. They made contact with headquarters by radio. . (idm.) make contact (with sb/sth) succeed in speaking to or meeting sb/sth [] 178 get off the boat/get on the boat / sb. to V

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We got off immediately after breakfast. . She's ambitious and eager to get on (in the world). , .

get a`way have a holiday : We're hoping to get away for a few days at Easter. .

179 get off work I normally get off (work) at 5.30. 5 30 . get a`bove oneself have too high an opinion of oneself ; : She's been getting a bit above herself since winning her award. , .

180 get rid of The shop ordered 20 copies of the book and now it can't get rid of (ie sell) them. 20 , . rid / rd; rd/ v (-dd-; pt, pp rid) [Tn.pr] ~ sb/sth of sb/sth make sb/sth free from (sb/sth unpleasant or unwanted) [] []

181 get /have/make/let/help She must be made to comply with the rules. . make after sb/sth chase or pursue sb/sth []: The policeman made after the burglar. . sb. to V

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182 get sth. fixed My watch has stopped it needs fixing. -. fix on sb/sth decide to have sb/sth; choose []; ; : They've fixed on Ashby as the new chairman. .

183 get to the bottom of We must get to the bottom of this mystery. . (idm.) at bottom in reality; really; basically ; ; : He seems aggressive but at bottom he is kind and good-natured. , .

184 get under way get/have one's own `way get or do what one wants, often in spite of opposition : She always gets her own way in the end. . give way to sth be replaced by sth : The storm gave way to bright sunshine. .

185 give to +sth. She gives private lessons to supplement her income. . give sth away (a) give sth free of charge ; : He gave away most of his money to charity.

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. 186 go off The bomb went off in a crowded street. . go-getter n (infml ) person who is successful by being energetic and ambitious : He's a real go-getter! !

187 go on a picnic I wonder whether you would care to go on a picnic with us this Sunday. go `out (of sth) be eliminated from a competition, contest, etc : She went out in the first round of the tournament/went out of the tournament in the first round. .

188 go on a trip = take a trip They will go on a trip to Beijing. go on doing sth continue an activity without stopping You can't go on working without a break. .

189 go out of business Many small firms were forced to go out of business last year because of the

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economic crisis go `round (a) go by a longer route than usual ; : The main road was flooded so we had to go round by narrow country lanes. , . (

190 go on a tour ; Will you care to go on a tour up to Niagara Fall ? go `under (a) sink below the surface of the sea . (b) (infml ) become bankrupt; fail ; : The firm will go under unless business improves. , .

191 hammer out a plan After much discussion the negotiators hammered out a compromise settlement. . hammer sth out (a) remove (a dent, etc) by hammering . (b) devise (a plan, solution, etc): achieve sth by great effort ;

192 hand in sth She handed in her resignation. . hand sth out (to sb) distribute sth : Relief workers were handing out emergency rations (to the survivors). .

193

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have a desire to V ; I have long desired to meet them. . ~ (for sth/to do sth) longing; craving ; ; ; : They had little desire for wealth/to get rich. [].

194 have a preference for It's entirely a matter of preference. . in preference to sb/sth rather than sb/sth []: She chose to learn the violin in preference to the piano. . 195 have a reputation as+ .... He is reputed as/to be the best surgeon in Paris. . be reputed as/to be sb/sth be generally said or considered to be sb/sth [ a good/bad reputation as a doctor [] 196 have a reputation for.... .... She is reputed to be very wealthy. . be reputed as/to be sb/sth be generally said or considered to be sb/sth [ have a reputation for laziness/for being lazy 197 have a tendency to V

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Such tendentious statements are likely to provoke strong opposition. .

~ to/towards sth take a certain direction : The track tends upwards. .

198 have a wide selection of.... .... I'm delighted about my selection as leader. , . selective / slektv; slktv/ adj ~ (about sb/sth) tending to choose carefully : I'm very selective about the people I associate with. , .

199 have access to Students must have access to a good library. . ~ (to sth) means of approaching or entering (a place); way in ; : The only access to the farmhouse is across the fields. .

200 have an interview with sb. / I've got an interview with National Chemicals. . interview v ~ sb (for sth) conduct an interview with sb (eg a job applicant) : I'm interviewing all this afternoon. .

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201 have no option but to V.=have no choice but .. He had no choice but to resign, ie Resigning was the only thing he could do. . of one's choice that one chooses : First prize in the competition will be a meal at the restaurant of your choice. .

202 have/join/attend Membership is free, so join today! , ! join up become a member of the armed forces ; : We both joined up in 1939. 1939 . sth. for

203 have sth. one's fingertips She's an artist to her fingertips. . to one's `fingertips in every way; completely; through and through ; ;

204 have sth. prepared The troops were being prepared for battle/to go into battle. []. be prepared to do sth be able and willing to do sth : I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back. , .

205

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have sth. ready He had his camera at the ready. , . ~ to do sth on the point of doing sth; about to do sth ; : She looked ready to collapse at any minute. . (a) [attrib

206 help sb. with sth. May I help with the washing-up? ? can/could (not) help (doing) sth can/could (not) prevent or avoid sth : It can't/couldn't be helped, ie There was no way of avoiding it and we must accept that. . 207 highly of The goods on display are all very highly priced. . high and `dry (of a ship) stranded; aground , : (fig ) He left her high and dry in a strange country without any money. , , .

208 highly praise The goods on display are all very highly priced. . in ,high `dudgeon angry and indignant : He stalked off in high dudgeon. .

209

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hold up My application was held up by the postal strike. . hold with sth (used in negative sentences or in questions ) agree with or approve of sth : I don't hold with his views on education. .

210 impose a ban on.... .... She imposed her ideas on the group. . impose on/upon sb/sth win a favour from sb, esp by using undue pressure , : I hope it's not imposing on you/your hospitality, but could I stay to dinner? ? [].

211 in a row/in rows / This is the third Sunday in a row that it's rained. . in a row one after another; in unbroken sequence ;

212 in a word=in brief In brief, your work is bad. , . ~ sb (on sth) give sb detailed information or instructions in advance (about sth) : The Prime Minister was fully briefed before the meeting. .

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213 in addition to+N/V-ing In addition (to the names on the list) there are six other applicants. , . ~ (to sth) person or thing added or joined : Such an outfit would be a useful addition to my wardrobe. .

214 in advance be forehand The rent must be paid in advance. . ~ (on/towards sb/sth) come or go forward : The mob advanced towards/on us shouting angrily. .

215 in case of+N It may rain you'd better take an umbrella (just) in case (it does). --, . in case of sth if sth happens ; : In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. .

216 in celebration of Burgundy is celebrated for its fine wines. . It's my birthday let's celebrate! -! celebrate / selbret; slbret/ v (a) [Tn] mark (a happy or important day, event, etc) with festivities and rejoicing ; (b) [I] enjoy oneself in some way on such an occasion

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217 in detail=at lengthy He refused to go into details about his plans. . go into `detail(s) speak or write about all aspects of sth

218 in one's honor ; do sb an honour; do sb the honour (of doing sth) give sb a privilege ; : You do us a great honour by attending. . have the honour (of sth) be granted the privilege specified ; : May I have the honour of this dance? ?

219 in one's opinion In my opinion and in the opinion of most people, it is a very sound investment. , . be of the opinion that... believe or think that... ...; ...: I'm of the opinion that he is right. .

220 in one's view in view of sth taking sth into account; considering sth ; ; In view of the weather, we will cancel the outing.

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, . on `view being shown or exhibited ; : Our entire range of cars is now on view at your local showroom. .

221 in order of Her salary is of the order of 150 a week. 150 . of/in the order of sth about (the same quality, quantity or number as) ,out of `order (a) (of a machine, etc) not working properly , : The phone is out of order. .(b) not allowed by the rules of a formal meeting, etc : His objection was ruled to be out of order. .

222 in particular=particularly The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was excellent. , . ~ (about/over sth) giving close attention to detail; difficult to please; fussy ; ; ; : She's very particular about what she wears. .

223 in person The winner will be there in person to collect the prize. . in the person of sb (fml ) in the form or shape of sb ; ; : Help arrived in the person of his father. .

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224 in preparation for . The advertising campaign is still in preparation. . ~ (for sth/to do sth) thing done to prepare for sth ; : The country is making preparations for war/to go to war. [].

225 In response to In response to your inquiry... ... ~ (for sb/sth); ~ (for doing sth) legally or morally obliged, eg to take care of sb/sth or to carry out a duty, and liable to be blamed if one fails , : All pilots are responsible for their passengers' safety. .

226 in sequence He described the events of that day in sequence. sequence of `tenses (grammar) principles according to which the tenses of subordinate clauses are suited to the tenses of principal clauses , .

227 in sight in the sight of sb/in sb's sight (fml ) in sb's opinion; in sb's view ; : Do what is right in your own sight. . set one's sights on sth decide to achieve sth

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: I've set my sights on winning the championship. . 228 In stock The book is in/out of stock. []. take stock (of sb/sth) review, assess and form an opinion (about a situation, sb's abilities, etc) : After a year in the job, she decided it was time to take stock (of her situation). , .

229 in the event of=in case of In the event of his death Sheila will inherit the money. , . in the e`vent as it in fact happened; as it turned out ; : I was worried about the hotel bill, but in the event I had enough money to pay. , . 230 in the interest of In the interest(s) of safety, no smoking is allowed. , . in sb's interest(s) for or to sb's advantage ; ; It would be in your interests to accept. . 231 in the long run

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In the long run pricesare bound to rise. , . have come a long way have made much progress : We've come a long way since those early days of the project. . have a long `arm be able to make one's power or authority felt even at a

232 in total(=in all) That will cost you 7.50 in total. 7.50 . all in `all when everything is considered ; : All in all it had been a great success. , .

233 In violation of The drunken driver was brought to the police station for violation of traffic regulations. violate vt.; The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable.

234 increased prices The population has increased from 1.2 million 10 years ago to 1.8 million now. 10 120 180 . at `any price whatever the cost : The people wanted peace at any price. .

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235 Inform sb. of sth.=brief sb. on sth. Keep me informed (of/about what happens). . ~ against/on sb (law ) give evidence or make an accusation against sb (to the police) : One of the criminals informed against/on the rest of the gang. .

236 inquire about How much are the tickets?' `I'll inquire.' ? . (phr v) inquire after sb ask about sb's health or welfare ; ; : People called to inquire after the baby. .

237 Inquire into=look into We must inquire further into the matter. . ~ at sth (esp imperative ) pay attention to sth; observe sth ; : Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago. ! .

238 Interest rate He has considerable business interests. . ~ (in sth) personal connection with sth from which one may benefit, esp financially

239

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it is interesting to V / It is an interesting book for children. ~ (in sth) in a position to obtain an advantage (from sth); not impartial ; : As an interested party (ie sb likely to profit), I was not allowed to vote. , .

240 it remains to be seen It remains to be seen (ie We shall know later) whether you are right. , . (esp fml ) stay in the same place; stay behind ; ; : I remain in London until May. .

241 242 it+cost+sb.++to V It costs (them) 1000 a year to run a car. 1000 . cost sb `dear cause sb to suffer loss or injury : That mistake cost him dear: he lost the game because of it. : . 243 it+takes+sb.++to V ITinformation technolgy

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That cut is taking a long time to heal. . take it from `me (that...) (infml ) you can believe me absolutely (when I say...) ...: Take it from me he'll be managing director of this company by the time he's 30. - 30

244 it's a hassle to v. It was a real hassle to apply for the insurance money. hassle vt. The boss hassled me because I was twenty minutes late. ,

245 keep in contact/touch with sb. Let's keep in touch. . at a `touch if touched, however lightly : The machine stops and starts at a touch. . 246 keep sth. on file We're planning to keep the cottage on over the summer. . keep sb/sth out (of sth) prevent sb/sth from entering (a place) [] She wore a hat to keep the sun out of her eyes. ? , .

247 keep track of

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It's hard to keep track of (ie maintain contact with) all one's old school friends. . make `tracks (for...) (infml ) leave (for a place) : It's time we made tracks (for home). .

248 keepon file We have all your particulars on file. . ~ in, out, off, past, etc march or walk in the specified direction in a single line : The men filed onto the parade ground and past the general. . 249 large/small number of ++ / A large number of people have applied. . have got sb's `number (sl ) know what sb is really like, what his intentions really are, etc ; : She pretends to be friendly but I've got her number; she just likes to know everything. , ; .

250 launch a campaign to V The city hall is planning to start a campaign against smoking. ~ (for/against sb/sth) take part in or lead a campaign : She spent her life campaigning for women's rights.

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. 251 lay off They were laid off because of the lack of new orders. , . lay sth up (for oneself) ensure by what one does or fails to do that one will have trouble in the future : You're only laying up trouble (for yourself) by not mending that roof now. . 252 lay sth.. Out / Please lay out all the clothes you want to take on holiday. . lay `over (US) stop at a place on a journey : We laid over in Arizona on the way to California. .

253 lead to.... .... This misprint led to great confusion. . lead-in n introduction to a subject, etc ; ; : He told an amusing story as a lead-in to the serious part of his speech. . 254 leave for+ The plane leaves Heathrow for Orly at 12.35.

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12 35 . leave sb `cold fail to move, interest or impress sb ; ; : Her emotional appeal left him completely cold. , .

255 256 leave sth. to be desired Your conduct leaves a lot to be desired, ie is extremely unsatisfactory. . leave no stone unturned (to do sth) try every possible means ; : They left no stone unturned in their search for the child's mother. . leave nothing to be desired

257 leave sth. to be desired Your conduct leaves a lot to be desired, ie is extremely unsatisfactory. . leave no stone un`turned (to do sth) try every possible means ; : They left no stone unturned in their search for the child's mother. .

258 leave sth.. With sb.. leave sth off no longer wear sth : Pullovers can be left off in this warm weather. , .

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leave `go/`hold (of sth) release (sth) : Leave go of my arm you're hurting! -- !

259 leisure service at sb's `service ready to help sb : If you need advice, I am at your service. , . (be) of service (to sb) useful or helpful ; : Can I be of service to you in organizing the trip? ?

260 let sb. V She asked me if she could leave but I wouldn't let her (leave). , . let it `go (at `that) say or do no more about sth ; ; : I don't agree with all you say, but I'll let it go at that. , . 261 lift the ban on.... .... The government will soon lift the ban on importing mainland Chinese goods. lift-off n vertical take-off of a rocket or spacecraft , , : We have lift-off. .

262 line up

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'' , Please, line up in single file. line sth up (infml ) arrange or organize sth : I've got rather a lot lined up (ie I'm very busy) this week. .

263 loan sb.+ He loaned me twenty dollars. loan to The bank loaned to good customers.

264 loan some money

265 266 look for Where have you been? We've been looking for you everywhere. ? . (not) look one`self (not) have one's normal (healthy) appearance : You're not looking yourself today, eg You look tired or ill. . loan transfer

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267 look into A working party has been set up to look into the problem. . look `in (on sb/at...) make a short visit to sb's house/a place : The doctor will look in again this evening. .

268 look it up in If you want to know how a word is used, look the word up in the Advanced Learner's Dictionary. , . look sth out (for sb/sth) search for sth and find it : I must look out some bits and pieces for the church jumble sale. .

269 look over Would you give these figures a look-over to check my calculations? , ? look `good seem to be promising; seem to be making satisfactory progress : This year's sales figures are looking good. .

270 look through She looked through her notes before the examination. . look to sth make sure that sth is safe or in good condition; be careful about sth : The country must look to its defences.

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271 looking on look `on be a spectator at an event or incident; watch sth without taking part in it oneself ; : Passers-by just looked on as a man was viciously attacked. , . look `here (used to express protest or to ask sb to pay attention or listen to sth ): Now look here, it wasn't my fault that we missed the train. , . 272 make a detour We had to make a detour round the floods. . detour v [I, Tn] avoid (sth) by making a detour ; : We had to detour a road-block. . 273 make a reservation for We have made reservations for three rooms at the hotel. [U, C esp pl , ] spoken or unspoken limitation which prevents one's agreement with a plan, acceptance of an idea, etc ; I have my reservations (ie doubts) about his ability to do the job. . 274

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make a statement+that ...; Soon afterwards he made his first public statement about the affair. statement n. ), , , [C] I get a bank statement every month.

275 make an appointment with sb. for+ I have an appointment with them in the evening. appointment n. , [U][(+as/of)] The appointment of a new judge was reported in the newspaper.

276 make an arrangement for I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport. . ~ (with sb) to do sth; ~ (with sb) (about/over sth)agreement; settlement ; ; : Appointments can be made by arrangement (with my secretary). .

277 make room for Can you make room on that shelf for more books? ? no room to swing a `cat (infml saying , ) not enough space to live, work, etc in : There's no room/There isn't (enough) room

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to swing a cat in here. .

278 make up for Hard work can make up for a lack of intelligence. . make with sth (US sl ) (esp imperative ) produce or supply sth quickly : Make with the beers, buster! , ! 279 280 match a with b A B We try to match the applicants with appropriate vacancies. . ~ sb/sth with sb/sth find sb/sth that fits or corresponds to sb/sth else [] [] make/propose a toast I should like to propose a toast to the bride and bridegroom. .

281 meet ones demand in de`mand much wanted; popular ; : Good secretaries are always in demand. . on de`mand whenever asked for She's in favour of abortion on demand. , .

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282 meet one's expectation His parents have great expectations for his future. . fall short of sb's/not come up to (sb's) expec`tations be less goodthan was expected : Unfortunately the restaurant he recommended fell far short of our expectations. . * His film performance didn't come up to expectations. .

283 meet the deadline I have a March deadline for the novel, ie It must be finished by March. . deadlock / dedlk; ddlk/ n [C, U] complete failure to reach agreement or to settle a quarrel or grievance : The negotiations have reached deadlock. . 284 most likely She's very likely to ring me tonight. . (idm.) as ,likely as `not; most/very `likely (very) probably : As likely as not she's forgotten all about it. . 285 motivate sb. to V Ateacher who can motivate her pupils (to work harder)

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. be highly motivated, ie very keen to do sth .

286 no later than+ Cancellation must be made no later then 3 days prior to arrival to avoid a charge of 1 room night. later `on at a later time or stage ; ; : a few days later on * At first things went well, but later on we ran into trouble. , .

287 neither...nor He neither knows nor cares what happened. . neither here nor there Her age is neither here nor there; does she like me? ; ? 288 notify sb. of sth. Have the authorities been notified (of this)? ? notify vt. The sale was notified in the newspapers.

289 of the three=of all 3

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one's `all everything one has; life ; : They gave their all (ie fought and died) in the war. .

and `all also; included; in addition ; ; : The wind blew everything off the table, tablecloth and all. .

290 offer sb. a discount of 30 on sth. 7 We offered him the house for 35000. 35000 . be open to (an) offer/offers => open1. on `offer for sale at a reduced price : Baked beans are on offer this week at the local supermarket. .

291 offer sb. sth. We offered him a lift, but he didn't accept. , . offer (sb) one's `hand (fml ) hold out one's hand (in order to shake hands with sb) : He came towards me, smiled and offered his hand. , .

292 offer sth. to sb. She offered (up) a prayer to God for her husband's safe return. . offer itself/themselves (fml ) be present; happen ; ; : Ask her about it when a suitable moment offers itself. .

293 on a daily basis

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The machines are inspected daily. . one's daily bread one's daily food . (b) (infml ) one's livelihood : That's how I earn my daily bread. .

294 in full `swing fully active ; : The party was in full swing when we arrived. . on a full time basis

295 on a part time basis on the part of sb/on sb's part made or done by sb : It was an error on my part. . * The agreement has been kept on my part but not on his, ie by me but not by him. , . part and parcel of st an essential part of sth ; : Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job. .

296 on a tight budget A family on a budget can't afford meat every day. . ~ sth (for sth) plan the spending of or provide (money) in a budget : The government has budgeted 10000000 for education spending. 10000000 .

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297 on schedule Everything is going according to schedule. . schedule v [esp passive : Tn, Tn.pr, Cn.t] ~ sth (for sth) include sth in a schedule; arrange sth for a certain time ; The sale is scheduled for tomorrow. .

298 one's course of study in (the) course of `time when (enough) time has passed; eventually ; : Be patient: you will be promoted in the course of time. , run/take its `course develop as is usual; proceed to the usual end ; : We can't cure the disease; it must run its course. , .

299 out of stock=in stock Have you any grey pullovers in stock? ? on the `stocks being constructedor prepared ; : Our new model is already on the stocks and will be available in the autumn. , .

300 package sale package v [Tn] make (sth) into or put (sth) in a package, eg for selling : Their

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products are always attractively packaged. . on sale (a) (esp of goods in shops, etc) available to be bought , The new model is not on sale in the shops. . (b) (US) being offered at a reduced price .

301 participate in She actively participates in local politics. . participant / ptspnt; prtspnt/ n ~ (in sth) person or group of people who participate in sth : All the participants in the debate had an opportunity to speak. .

302 pay for. Her parents paid for her to go (ie paid the cost of her travel) to America.. pay `dividends produce benefits or advantages ; : I suggest you take more exercise; I think you'll find it pays dividends, ie it will make you fitter. , .

303 pay off We will have more money to spend after we pay off our mortgage. , pay for sth suffer or be punished for sth : The home team paid (dearly) for their defensive errors, eg by losing the match. .

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304 perform one's duty They always perform their duties faithfully. duty-`bound adj [pred ] obliged by duty : I'm duty-bound to help him. , .

305 permit sb. to V Permit me to explain. . [Ipr no passive ] (esp in negative sentences ) ~ of sth admit sth as possible; tolerate ; : The situation does not permit of any delay. .

306 persuade sb. to V=convince sb. to V You try and persuade her (to come out with us). . ~ sb (of sth) (fml ) cause sb to believe sth; convince sb ; : I am not fully persuaded by the evidence. .

307 pertaining to This lesson pertains to marine animals. belong to sth as a part of it : (law ) We own the house and the land pertaining to it.

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308 pick up I'll pick you up at 7 o'clock. 7 . pick sb off shoot (a person, an animal, a bird, etc, esp one of a group) after aiming carefully : A sniper hidden on a roof picked off three of the soldiers on patrol. .

309 pick up : She picked up the telephone and dialled his number. . pick on sb (a) choose sb (esp repeatedly) for punishment, criticism or blame : She felt that her parents were picking on her. . (b) choose sb for a task, esp an unpleasant one : I was picked on to announce the bad news. .

310 point out I must point out that further delay would be unwise. . point sth up give special emphasis to one particular aspect of sth; show sth very clearly ; : The recent disagreement points up the differences between the two sides. . 311 pop into sb.'s mind She popped the tart into the oven.

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. ~ away/off (at sth) (infml ) fire a gun (at sth) : They were popping away at the rabbits all afternoon. .

312 pose a threat to sb.=pose a danger Winter poses particular difficulties for the elderly. . ~ as sb/sth claim or pretend to be sb/sth []: She poses as an expert in old coins. .

313 present a threat to sb. ~ sb with sth; ~ sth (to sb) give or hand over sth to sb, esp formally at a ceremony ; : Colleagues presented the retiring chairman with a cheque/presented a cheque to the retiring chairman. . ~ oneself (for sth) (of a person) appear or attend , : You will be asked to present yourself for interview. .

314 prohibit/ban The law prohibits tobacconists from selling cigarettes to children. . make (sth) impossible; prevent ; : The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug. . sb. from + V-ing

315

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put on weight=gain weight I gained five pounds in a week. ~ by/from (doing) sth benefit, profit from sth/doing sth : You can gain by watching how she works. .

316 put sb. in jail/cell He went to jail for drunken driving. gaol (US usu jail) v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (for sth) put sb in gaol : He was gaoled for six months for his part in the robbery. . 317 put sb. in prison She's gone to/is in prison. []. prisoner n 1 (a) person kept in prison, as a punishment or awaiting trial ; ; : a prison built to hold 500 prisoners 500

318 put....together ; They were putting the machine together. get sth/it to`gether (sl ) get sth/it organized or under control : She would be a very good player if only she could get it together. .

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319 quality for.. As an actor she shows real quality. . (a) attribute; characteristic ; ; : He possesses the quality of inspiring confidence. .

320 race sb. to I'll race you to school, ie try to get there before you do. . a ,race against `time desperate effort to do or finish sth before a certain time : It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation. .

321 random sampling The terrorists fired into the crowd at random. . ( at random); [U] He took a book at random.

322 range from a to b A B His interests ranged from chess to canoeing. , . ~ sb/oneself with sb/sth place sb/oneself in a certain group []: On this issue, she has ranged herself with the Opposition. , .

323

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ranging from a to b A B The frontier ranges from the northern hills to the southern coast. . ~ over sth (a) (of guns) fire bullets, etc over (a distance) : This rifle ranges over a mile. .

324 reach an agreement on sth. The three sides reached an agreement to stop the war. ~ sth down/over; ~ sth (down/over) for sb stretch one's hand out or up and take sth; get and give sth (to sb) ; : Please reach (me) the atlas down from the bookshelf. .

325 Real estate He owns a large estate in Scotland. . (law ) all the money and property that a person owns, esp that which is left at death ; : Her estate was divided between her four children. .

326 refer to Don't refer to this matter again, please. refer sth back (to sb) return (a document, etc) to the sender for further clarification : The letter was referred back (to us) with

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a query. . 327 release a from b A B She gently released herself from his arms/embrace. []. ~ (from sth) releasing or being released ; ; ; ; ; ; ; : The film is on general release, ie is being shown widely at local cinemas. . 328 rely on depend on Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help/to help us. . depend on/upon sb/sth (a) be sure, or confidently expect, that sth will happen ; ; : I'm depending on you coming. .

329 Remind sb. about sth. The story reminds me of an experience I once had. remind / rmand; rmand/ v inform (sb) of a fact or tell (sb) to do sth he may have forgotten : Do I have to remind you yet again? ?

330 remind sb. to V Remind me to answer that letter. . remind / rmand; rmand/ v inform (sb) of a fact or tell (sb) to do sth he may have

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forgotten : Do I have to remind you yet again? ?

331 remind sb. of sth. This song reminds me of France. . way of reminding sb to do sth ; : send, give sb a gentle reminder, eg to pay a bill * The waiters were clearing the tables, which served as a reminder that it was time to leave. , . 332 renting a pet Do you own or rent your video? , ? ~ (at/for sth) be let at a specified rent : The building rents at 3000 a year. 3000 . 333 replace A with B B A A We replaced coal with oil. replaceable / -bl; -bl/ adj that can be replaced ; ; .

334 reply to The enemy replied to our fire, ie fired back at us. . [+(that)]

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She replied that she was happy to accept our invitation. 335 result in/from The talks resulted in reducing the number of missiles/missile reduction. . ~ (of sth) statement of the score, marks or name of the winner in a sporting event or a competition or an examination, etc , , , The result of the match was a draw.

336 right away=at once Come here at once! ! ,all at `once suddenly : All at once the door opened. .

337 run into We ran into a patch of thick fog just outside Edinburgh. . run (sth) off (cause liquid to) drain or flow out of a container , : Why don't you ever run the water off after you've had a bath? ?

338 say goodbye to sb. We said our goodbyes (ie said `Goodbye!' to each other) and left. .

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339

(idm.) kiss sth goodbye/kiss goodbye to sth => kiss.

say hello to sb. She said hello to me when she saw me. hallo (also hello, hullo) / hlu; hlo/ interj (used in greeting, or to attract attention or express surprise, or to answer a telephone call : Hello, how are you? , ?

340 say thank you to sb. The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. , . have oneself/sb to thank (for sth) (ironic ) be responsible/hold sb responsible (for sth) ; : She only has herself to thank for what happened. . 341 sb./sth. is likely to V It isn't likely to rain. . a `likely story (ironic ) (used to express scorn and disbelief about what sb has said ): He says he just forgot about it a likely story! --!

342 sb.+spends++V-ing He spends too much (money) on clothes. .

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spend a`penny (infml euph , ) go to the toilet; urinate ; : I'm just going to spend a penny. .

343 sb.+spends++V-ing They spent three months touring Europe. spend money like water They both spend money like water. 344 search for We searched (around) for hours, but couldn't find the book. , search sb/sth out find sb/sth by searching [ ]: We've searched out some of your favourite recipes. .

345 sellout We've sold out (of milk) but we'll be getting some more in later. , . selling-point n feature of sth that makes it attractive to buyers : Double glazing is often a good selling-point for houses. .

346 separate A from B A B Violent prisoners are kept separate from the others.

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separate vt. , [(+from)] Brought up in town, the boy finds it difficult to separate a poplar from a willow. ,

347 should have .. They should have called the police. . (drawing a tentative conclusion ): We should arrive before dark. . 348 show an interest in Now he's grown up he no longer takes any interest in his stamp collection: he's lost all interest in it. , , . in sb's interest(s) for or to sb's advantage ; ; . It would be in your interests to accept. .

349 sign a contract with sb. He signed for Arsenal yesterday. . sign sb's/one's own `death-warrant do sth that will result in one's death, defeat, etc : By informing on the gang, he was signing his own death-warrant. , . 350

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sign up for=register for Where can I register (ie enrol as a student) for the Arabic course? ? ~ (with sb) (infml ) (of facts, etc) be mentally recorded or fully realized; (of people) remember or notice (sth) , ; : Her name didn't register (with me). .

351 since the news broke,.... ,.... How long is it since we visited your mother? ? ; , He must have taken the book since it isn't here. ,

352 so far So far the work has been easy but things may change. , , . in so far as to the extent that ...; ... : This is the truth in so far as I know it.

353 so that He was so ill that we had to send for a doctor. , . ~ + adj/adv + as to do sth to the extent that one does sth : She was so kind as to phone for a taxi for me. , .

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354 so+adv+a/an He was not so quick a learner as his brother. . not so much sth as sth not one thing but rather sth else ......: She's not so much poor as careless with money. .

355 software engineer He's in the Royal Engineers. . engineer v arrange or cause (sth), esp by cunning or secret means ; : His enemies engineered his downfall. .

356 solution to She can find no solution to her financial troubles. . Resorting to violence is not the best solution to an argument. .

357 some time some time or other ; She'll realize it some time or other. all the `time during the whole of the time in question : That letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the time. .

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358 speak out about the need to V .... He was the only one to speak out against the closure of the hospital. . speak up speak louder : Please speak up; we can't hear you at the back. , .

359 stay tuned for more news keep/stay/steer clear => clear2. stay the `course continue going to the end (of sth difficult, eg a race, a struggle) : I don't think he's sufficiently dedicated to stay the course. , . stay with sb (infml ) continue to listen attentively to sb : Please stay with me a moment longer I'm getting to the point of the story. --. 360 sth.+cost+sb.+ The meal cost us 30. 30 . cost sth out estimate the cost of sth : I thought I could afford it, then I costed it out properly and found it was too expensive. , .

361 sth.+takes+sb.++to V

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It'll take time (ie a long time) for her to recover from the illness. . take sb out escort or accompany sb to the theatre, a restaurant, etc : Have you taken her out yet? ?

362 stop by/drop by Would you drop by when you are in town? ? drop off (infml ) (a) fall into a light sleep; doze ; : I dropped off and missed the end of the film. ,

363 submit sth. to sb. He submitted his proposal for urban development to the city council. ~ (to sb/sth) accept the control, superior strength, etc (of sb/sth); yield (to sb/sth) []; , []: I refuse to submit. . 364 suffer from She's suffering from loss of memory. . not/never suffer `fools gladly not be patient with people whom one considers to be foolish : An arrogant, impatient woman who doesn't suffer fools gladly . 365 take a break

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She's been depressed since the break with her boy-friend. . break up (of members of a group) go away in different directions; disperse , : The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock. .

366 take a detour We had to make a detour round the floods. . detour v avoid (sth) by making a detour ; : We had to detour a road-block. .

367 take a look at.... Can you take a look at yourself in the mirror? ? ? be looking to do sth try to do sth : The government will be looking to reduce inflation by a further two per cent this year. .

368 take care of . Please take care of the baby for me for a while, will you? , ? ~ (over sth/in doing sth) serious attention or thought ; You should take more care over your work.

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. 369 take medicine He really hates shopping but he goes anyway, and takes his medicine like a man. , . take one's `medicine (like a `man) (esp joc ) submit to punishment, sth unpleasant, etc (without complaining) , :

370 take over sth. After graduating from university, I have to take over the plant of my house. , . over and a`bove besides; in addition to ; : The waiters get good tips over and above their wages. .

371 take part in Are you going to take part in the first experiment? ? the best part of sth most of sth (esp a period of time) : I spent the best part of an hour trying to find my car keys.

372 take picture with Can I take picture with you? ? be/put sb in the `picture be/cause sb to be fully

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informed about sth []: Are you in the picture now? ?

373 take precautions I took the precaution of locking everything in the safe. . precautionary / prknr; US -ner; prk nr/ adj done as a precaution; preventive ;

374 team up The two companies have teamed up to develop a new racing car. . team-work n [U] organized co-operation; combinedeffort ; : The success of the projectwas largely the result of good team-work. .

375 tear sth. down They're tearingdown these old houses to build a new office block. . tear oneself away (from sb/sth) leave sb/sth reluctantly []: Do tear yourself away from the television and come out for a walk. , . 376 tear sth. up () She tore up all the letters he had sent her.

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. tearaway / terwe; trwe/ n (infml ) impetuousand irresponsible person : Her son's a bit of a tearaway. .

377 tell the differnce between A and B A B Can you differentiate one variety from the other? ? ~ between A and B treat (people or things) in a different way, esp unfairly; discriminate : It is wrong to differentiate between people according to their family background. .

378 thank sb. in person The winner will be there in person to collect the prize. . thank one's lucky stars be or feel especially fortunate ; : You can thank your lucky stars (that) you don't have to go to this dreary reception. , .

379 thanks(owing because) to It was thanks to your timely help that we accomplished the task on time. , thank you for sth/to do sth (used in making politely formal requests or commands ): I'll thank you for (ie Please give me) that book. .

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380 the convention center By convention the deputy leader is always a woman. . centre (sth) on/upon/round sb/sth have sb/sth as its centre or main concern or theme; be concentrated or concentrate on sb/sth [] ; []: The social life of the village centres round the local sports club. . 381 the number of + The number of students absent is five. number sb/sth among sth include sb/sth in a particular group []: I number her among my closest friends. .

382 to be brief=In brief, In brief, your work is bad. , . hold no brief for (sb/sth) not wish to support or be in favour of (sb/sth) , []: I hold no brief for those who say that violence can be justified. .

383 to be honest,=honestly speaking,=to tell you the truth,... =In fact To be honest, I don't think we have a chance of winning. , . honest to `God/`goodness (infml ) truthfully

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: Honest to goodness, I didn't do it. , . 384 to fit the needs of our students The room was fitted with a new carpet. . ~ sb for sth try (clothing) on sb in order to adjust it to the right size and shape : He went to the tailor's to be fitted for a coat. .

385 to meet the needs of our students I know Mrs Hill by sight, but we've never met. , . meet sb half-`way make a compromisewith sb : If you can drop your price a little, I'll meet you half-way. , .

386 trade in.. .. He traded in his car for a new model. . trade on sth (esp derog ) make use of sth for one's own advantage : You shouldn't trade on her sympathy. .

387 transmit a message to + The tension soon transmitted itself to all the members of the crowd. . ~ sth (from...) (to...)send out (a signal, programme,

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etc) electronically by radio waves, along a telegraph wire, etc , : The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries. . 388 travel agencies There are a lot of travel agencies in Taiwan. . by/through the agency of sth/sb (fml ) as a result of the action of sb/sth [] He obtained his position by/through the agency of friends. . 389 trip over Be careful you don't trip (up) on the mat. trip (sb) up (cause sb to) make a mistake, reveal a secret, etc I tripped up in the interview and said something rather silly. . 390 turn off Turn off the light before you leave. ~ (round) sth go round sth : The car turned (round) the corner and disappeared from sight. .

391 turn on

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Will you turn on the radio? ? turn on the waterworks You needn't turn on the waterworks for me.

392 turninto a reality The milk turned sour in the heat/The heat turned the milk sour. . ~ (sb/sth) (over) (cause sb/sth to) move so that a different side faces outwards or upwards [ ], : If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep. , . 393 under the instruction of Under the instruction of Mr. Wang, Peter has made gradual progress in English. ~ (to do sth/that...) statements telling sb what he should or must do ; ; ; My instructions are that I am not to let anyone in, ie I have been ordered not to. .

394 venture off (:adventure) I ventured a small bet on the horse. . ~ sth (on sth) take the risk of losing or failing in sth

395

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what kind of What kinds of sport do you like to to? ? kind of She looks kind of pale after her illness.

396 win the championship Susan won the spelling championship. , ; [U][(+of)] His championship of women's rights is well known.

397 with a view to +Ving He studied English hard with a view to mastering it quickly. ~ (about/on sth) personal opinion or attitude; thought or observation (on a subject) , What are your views on her resignation? ?

398 with regard to+V With regard to his suggestions we shall discuss them fully. , as regards sb/sth concerning or connected with sb/sth []: I have little information as regards his past. .

399

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work on.. / Most people have to work in order to live, ie to earn a living. . work around/round to sth/sb gradually approach (a topic, subject, etc) : It was a long time before he worked around to what he really wanted to say. .

400 work out=figure out A boxer who has a work-out in the gym every day . work up to sth develop to (a climax, etc) : The music worked up to a rousing finale. .

401 would have(if) If she hadn't gone back for the letter, she wouldn't have missed the bus. , . (), ... I wish you wouldn't smoke any more.

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