DO NOW

y How do you think an ecosystem is organized?

EQ: How is an ecosystem organized?

Energy Flow in Ecosystems

y Three categories of organisms: y Producers y Nourish themselves with photosynthesis or chemosynthesis y Autotrophic y Consumers y Eat other organisms y Heterotrophic y Decomposers break down dead organisms or waste y Detritus- broken down organic matter

Energy Flow in Marine Systems

2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Consumers in Marine Ecosystems

y y y y

Herbivores eat plants Carnivores eat other animals Omnivores eat plants and animals Bacteriovores eat bacteria

2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Nutrient Flow in Marine Ecosystems

y Biogeochemical cycling
y Nutrients are broken

down and used at different levels in the ecosystem, then recycled to be resused

2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Trophic Levels
y Identify a Feeding stage for an organism y Ex: Producers- 1st trophic level y Consumer- 2nd trophic level y Chemical energy transferred from producers to

consumers y About 10% of energy transferred to next trophic level y Means that there needs to be more organisms at low trophic levels to support those above it
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Trophic Levels

2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Ecosystem Energy Flow and Efficiency

2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Food Chains
y Show a direct link of what consumes what in an ecosystem y The producers are on the bottom, and the highest consumer is on the top

2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Shows all the possibilities of food sources within an ecosystem Branching network of many consumers Consumers more likely to survive with alternative food sources

Food Webs

2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Biomass Pyramid
y Represents the organisms found in an ecosystem y The number of individuals and total biomass decreases at successive trophic levels. y Organisms increase in size towards the top of the pyramid.
2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

Closure
y It is now time to construct a food chain, food web, and

energy pyramid! y Think about:

y What are the differences between these three

representations? y Who are the producers? The consumers? y Who are the carnivores? Herbivores? Omnivores?