Professional Documents
Culture Documents
7
QUESTIONS
Format
Total
time:
15
minutes
The
examination
consists
of
3
assessed
phases:
-
Candidate-led
discussion
of
a
topic
prepared
by
the
candidate
(up
to
5minutes)
-
Interactive
task
(up
to
4
minutes)
-
Conversation
on
2
subject
areas
selected
by
the
examiner
(up
to
5
minutes)
Candidate
performance
In
performing
the
required
tasks,
the
candidate
is
expected
to
demonstrate
the
following
communicative
skills
and
use
the
language
items
listed
below.
Communicative
skills
In
the
topic
phase
-
Show
understanding
by
responding
appropiately
to
the
examiner
-
Communicative
variety
of
facts,
ideas
and
opinions,
and
account
for
these,
about
a
chosen
topic
across
a
series
of
extended
turns
-
Engage
the
examiner
in
discussion
of
the
topic
-
Handle
interruptions
or
requests
for
clarification
throughout
the
discussion
of
the
topic
In
the
interactive
task
phase
-
Initiate
the
discourse
-
Maintain
the
discourse
by
asking
for
information
-
Help
the
discussion
along
by
inviting
comment
from
the
examiner
-
Take
and
give
up
turns
when
appropriate
to
do
so
-
Where
appropriate
to
the
individual
task,
make
use
of
the
functions
listed
below
Two
subject
areas
for
conversation
will
be
selected
by
the
examiner
from
the
list
below:
-
Education
- National customs - Village and city life - National and local produce and products - Early memories - Pollution and recycling Functions - Giving advice and highlighting advantages and disadvantages - Making suggestions - Describing past habits - Expressing possibility and uncertainty - Eliciting futher information and expansion of ideas and opinions - Expressing agreement and disagreement
-
First
conditional
"If
you
study
hard,
you
will
pass
your
exams
(present
simple)
(future
simple)
-
Second
conditional
"If
you
had
studied
harder,
you
would
have
passed
your
exams"
(past
perfect)
(perfect
conditional)
"If
you
had
passed
all
your
exams,
you
would
have
gone
on
holidays"
(past
perfect)
(perfect
conditional)
To talk about unlikely or imaginary present or future situations and their present or future consequences, we use the second conditional: If + past tense + would + infinitive We use "would" when we feel sure about the consequence: "If they reopened the school, it would be great" We can use "could" to talk about ability = "would be able to" "If I had more money, I could buy a house in the village" We can also use "might" when we are not sure about the consequence; its a possibility "If she lived in the country, she might not be able to find a job" When speaking, and in a informal writing, we used instead of "would"
"If there was a cinema in the village, Id go there every night!" To make a question using the second conditional: Question word + would / could + infinitive + if + past tense How often would you see a film if you lived in a village? We can also make a question in this way: If + past tense+ (question word) + would/could + infinitive If you had lots of money, would you buy a big house? If you didnt have to work tomorrow, where would you go?
2.
-
Simple
passive
Structure:
verb
to
be
(present/past)
+
past
participle
"The
exam
is
done
by
the
students"
verb
to
be
(present)
+
past
participle
"Don Quijote was written by MIguel de Cervantes" Verb to be (past) + past participle
3.-
Used
to
Used
to
(past
habits)
=
sola...
"When
i
was
younger,
I
used
to
play
football
everyday"
=
cuando
era
ms
joven,
yo
sola
jugar
al
futbol
todos
los
dias.
4.
-
Relatives
clauses
We
use
relative
clauses
in
sentences
to
give
information
about
the
noun
(or
noun
phrase)
in
the
preceding
clause.
We
connect
the
clauses
using
relative
pronouns
(that,which,who,when,where).
Who=
for
people
Which=
for
animals
or
things
That=
for
people,
animals
or
things
(only
in
defininf
relative
clauses)
When=
for
time
Where=
for
places
There
are
two
types
of
relative
clauses:
"Defining
and
non-
defining
relative
clauses"
1.
-
Defining
relative
clauses
These
are
used
to
give
essential
information.
Without
this
information,
the
sentence
would
be
meaningless,
or
mean
something
different.
"Shes
the
friend
who
that
lived
abroad
for
years"
"For
holidays,
I
like
the
kind
of
place
where
I
can
just
lie
on
the
beach
and
relax"
"Can
you
tell
us
about
some
of
the
customs
that/which
you
found
difficult
at
first?
2.-
Non
defining
relative
clauses
These
are
used
to
add
extra,
non-essential
information.
Without
this
information,
the
sentence
would
still
make
sense.
"Coming
from
Britain,
where
its
normal
practice
t
have
dinner
much
earlier,
I
found
this
a
bit
difficult
at
first"
"I
went
to
the
carnival
celebration
in
Venetia,
which
is
very
famous
in
Italy"
Attention!
We
can
use
"that"
in
non-defining
relative
clauses.
5.
-
Modals
and
phrases
used
to
give
advice
and
make
suggestions
e.g.
should/ought
to,
could,
youd
better
Giving
advice
There
are
many
words
and
expressions
we
can
use
to
give
advice.
This
is
the
most
common:
Should/should
+
not
+
infinitive
without
"to"
"You
should
see
your
tutor"
"Should
we
ask
the
teacher
first?"
In
speaking
and
informal
writing
we
use
contractions
(shouldnt)
"You
shouldnt
leave
your
work
to
the
last
minute,
just
before
the
exams"
We
often
introduce
a
question
with
"should"
with
the
phrase:
"Do
you
think...?"
"Do
you
think
I
should
take
a
course
this
year?"
To
give
strong
advice
we
can
use
"ought
to"
+
infinitive
without
"to"
"You
really
ought
to
study
hard"
Other
ways
we
can
offer
advice
and
suggestions:
It
is
(not)
a
good
idea
+
infinitive
with
"to"
"Its
a
good
idea
to
go
to
the
cinema
now"
"Its
not
a
very
good
idea
to
watch
television
now"
"Do
you
think
its
a
good
idea
to
do
homework
now?"
- To make the suggestion sound less strong, we can add "perhaps": "Perhaps you could ask them if they have done the exam" -"Youd better"=giving advice and making suggestions "Youd better go and see the doctor=es mejor que vayas y veas al mdico"
6.-
Modals
and
phrases
used
to
express
possibility
and
uncertainty
may,
might,
Im
not
sure
Possibility:
may
and
might
May=poder
Might=podra
"It
may
be
possible
that
the
exam
of
English
is
tomorrow"=
Puede
ser
posible
que
el
exmen
de
ingls
sea
maana
"It
might
be
true"=podria
ser
verdad
Timetable horario The school day is divided into 6-7 lessons in different subjects, with a break in the morning and in the afternoon. There is also a one-hour lunch break The school year is usually divided into three terms (=periods of study). Each term is about 13 weeks, and each week pupils do (=study) about ten subjects. At the end of the school year they do/take an exam in each subject. After the holidays, pupils go back (=return) to school.
En el mundo Anglosajn no se celebra el da de Reyes de la misma manera que en Espaa. El calendario religioso es el mismo, pero no es tradicional recibir los regalos ese da, sino el da de Navidad. Para explicar nuestra tradicin: The Three Kings bring people presents on January 6th, the day when the Three Wise Men brought gifts for baby Jesus. - Holy week/ Easter: easter holiday (vacaciones de semana santa)
Subject Area Vocabulary: 1. 2. 3. 4. Where is it the custom to eat fish for dinner on Christmas Eve (24th Dec)? Where is it the custom to eat twelve grapes at midnight on New Years Eve(31st Dec) Where is it normal to have dinner at 9 or 10 pm? In which country do people normally have to leave bars and pubs at 11pm?
Example: In Britain, we dont have the custom of eating fish on Christmas Eve. In fact, there isnt a custom of eating anything in particular on 24th December, but on Christmas Day, lots of
people eat a traditional Christmas dinner, which is usually turkey, with roast potatoes, vegetables, stuffing..and for dessert Christmas pudding with brandy sauce. City life Buildings and places Here are some of the things you will find in most towns and cities. - - - - - - - Commercial centre (=area with lots of banks and company offices) Shopping centre (=place with many shops, either indoors or out) Car parks Factories (=buildings where you make/manufacture things e.g. cars) Skyscrapers /high-rise buildings (=building with many floors) Libraries (=places where you can borrow books or sit and read) Suburbs (=area outside the centre of town where people live)
People on the move For many people, the worst time of the day is the rush hour (=the time when people travel to and from work, e.g. 7-9 in the morning). At this time of day the public transport system (=trains and buses) has to cope with (=manage something which is difficult) the people who live in the city, and also commuters (=people who live in the country but travel into the city for work). The roads get congested (=busy and full of cars) and people are always in a hurry (=want to get to another place very quickly) For many, this is very stressful (=makes you nervous and anxious). Going out (=going to places for social reasons) I live and work in the suburbs, but I usually go into town (=the town centre) two or three times a week. In the evening, it is pretty lively (=lots of people and lots of things happening), and theres plenty to do (=lots of possibilities, e.g. bars, discos, etc.) One problem is that theres nowhere to park in the centre, so I usually get/take a bus into town and take/get a taxi home if Im late.) There are many common phrases using the construction: theres plenty to do; theres nothing to so; theres plenty to see; theres nowhere to go; theres nowhere to park, etc.
Advantages and Disadvantages The best thing about living in a city is that. - - - - - - Theres good nightlife. (=places to go at night, e.g. bars, discos, cinemas..) Theres a wide range of shops.(=many shops selling different things) You can get whatever you want.(=buy anything and everything you want) There are lots of cultural activities. (e.g. concerts, museums) Its cosmopolitan.(=full of people from many different countries and cultures) There are more job opportunities.(=easier to find work)
The worst thing about living in a city is that - - - - - - Its very crowded.(=full of people) People are more aggressive. (=seen angry and very unfriendly) It can be noisy (opposite:quiet) and dangerous.(opposite:safe) The streets are often dirty (opposite: clean) and its polluted (=dirty air) Theres traffic congestion (=too many cars) and parking is difficult. Theres a high crime rate. (e.g. houses and more expensive, so is transport)
LIFE IN THE COUNTRY Surrounded by nature I grew up (=spent my childhood) in a rural area (=an area in the country; opposite: an urban area). It was quite a remote area (=an area far from towns). I loved being in the country. Working in the country A lot of land in the country/countryside (both words are used) is used for agriculture/farming. Some farms grow crops (e.g. wheat, apples and potatoes) and some keep animals (e.g. cows, sheep and pigs). When I was younger, I worked on a farm during my school holidays. Advantages and disadvantages The best thing about living in the country is that - - - - You get peace and quiet. ( a common phrase to describe a place that is quiet and calm) You get fresh air. (=air outside a building or town which is clean) Youre surrounded by lovely scenery and you can walk in the countryside) The pace of life (=the amount of activity in life) is slower and more relaxed.
The worst thing about living in the country is that - - - - There isnt much nightlife. Public transport (=buses and trains) is hopeless (=terrible) You dont get many shops. There isnt much privacy (=private life) because everyone knows what you are doing.
Early memories Preparar la narracin de las primeras memorias que t tienes..por ejemplo, cuando tu hermano naci, la celebracin de un cumpleaosetc. Con un solo ejemplo ser suficiente. Preparar. Remember-recordar Clearly-claramente Vaguely-muy poco claro, vagamente Forget-olvidar Memorise-memorizar National and local produce and product Examples of typical products/produce in Spain, what we export to other countries, etc.(MELONS, WATERMELONS, ORANGES, LEMONS.) Fresh-fresco Cheap-barato Market-mercadillo Supermarket-supermercado Bakery-panaderia Butcher-carniceria Greengrocers-lugar donde comprar fruta y verdure Pharmacy/drugstore-farmacia - - - What food items are produced in your area? Are these products exported to other regions and/or abroad? Which local food products do you/your family buy? Is it possible to buy out-of-season food products where you live?
Pollution and recycling The environment (=air, water and land around us) Many people believe we are destroying the environment. If you destroy something, you damage it so badly it does not exist anymore. Fro example: - - Cars and factories pollute the air. (=make the air dirty) We continue to cut down rainforests and increase the dangers of global warming.(=an increase in temperature because of increased carbon dioxide around the earth).
How can the planet (earth) survive? (=continue to exist) - - - We must save/conserve (=use less and use well) natural resources (e.g. water, oil and gas). We mustnt waste them. (=use them badly). We must protect animals and plants. (=keep them safe from human damage) We mustnt throw away bottles and cans. We must recycle them. (=use them again)
Many of the verbs above form common nouns: Verb Destroy Survive Waste Noun Destruction Survival Waste Verb Pollute Protect Recycle Noun pollution protection Recycling
Answer the following questions: How many types of organic food can you think of? I can think of How many ways can you think of saving energy? In order to save energy I can think of.. How many types of product can be recycled? Types of product that can be recycled are.. How many products can you think of that could be refillable? I can think of Do you recycle at home? What? Yes I do. I recycle/ No, I dont. Do you recycle at school? What? Say the name of products or things that can be recycled? Cans of coke, bottles of plastic, batteries, newspapers, old books, old fashioned magazines.. What are the advantages of recycling? If we recycle, we will pollute lessand the entire world wins.
ATTENTION WITH THES MISTAKES a) Cuando uses el verbo LIKE, si quieres usar otro verbo detrs, por ejemplo Me gusta jugar al ftbol, el verbo en Ingls debe terminar en ING: I like playing football. b) No te olvides de usar bien los posesivos c) Recuerda que el presente continuo se usa para lo que est ocurriendo en este momento. No se te puede olvidar usar el presente del verbo TO BE y el verbo terminado en ING (She is dancing=ella est bailando) d) Recuerda que los adjetivos van siempre delante del nombre: a grey sweater, a big house. e) No confundas nunca el verbo HAVE (tener) con el verbo TO BE (ser y estar). f) No te olvides de usar DONT y DOESNT en las negativas de presente simple. g) Con las fechas se usan los nmeros ordinales, no los cardinales. h) Recuerda que cuando entre en la sala de examen, tienes que saludar (Good afternoon, good evening) y cuando termines tienes que despedirte (Goodbye) i) No te quedes callado. Si te hacen una pregunta y no la entiendes, pregunta Sorry? o Can you repeat, please? si finalmente no la entiendes, debes decirlo:I dont know, I dont understand j) No utilices ninguna palabra en espaol. k) Si haces alguna referencia a algo con un nombre espaol (una ciudad, una festividad, un artista, un equipo, una pelcula,..) tienes que explicar lo que es. Por ejemplo: I like La Feria. La feria in April is a festivity in Seville. People eat, drink, ride horses, go for a walk, get on attractions and many people wear special clothes for the occasion l) Atento a las partculas interrogativas. Son esenciales para entender la pregunta. m) Y LO ESENCIAL: LA EXAMINADORA CUENTA LOS SEGUNDOS, TENEIS QUE APROVECHAR EL TIEMPO AL MXIMO
INTERVIEW
EXAMPLES
Q.
And
what
are
you
going
to
talk
about
today?
A.
Today
Id
like
to
talk
about
Dolphins.
I
have
been
interested
in
dolphins
since
I
was
eleven.
Q.
A
friend
of
mine
has
asked
me
to
lend
him
a
large
amount
of
money.
A.
Why
does
he
want
to
borrow
this
money?
Attention:
Ask
to
the
examiner
(interactive
fase)
Q.
I
think
I
have
lost
something
very
important.
A.
Oh
dear!
What
exactly
have
you
lost
(interactive
fase)
Q.
If
you
were
me
what
would
you
do?
A.
If
I
were
you,
Id
probably
go
to
the
police
(second
conditional)
Q.
I
am
thinking
of
moving
from
the
UK
to
live
in
Spain.
A.
Well,
one
advantage
is
the
weather
but
the
disadvantages
might
be
(Grammar
structure:
modal
verb
might
to
speak
about
possibility)
Q.
I
used
to
hate
green
vegetables
when
I
was
small.
A.
So
did
I
-
but
my
mother
used
to
make
me
eat
them
(expressing
agreement)
(structure
used
to
speak
about
past
habits)
Q.
Tell
me
about
some
of
the
marriage
customs
in
your
country?
A.
Well,
the
ceremony
is
usually
held
in
a
church
and
the
bride
is
dressed
all
in
white.
(passive
structure:
verb
to
be
+
past
participle)