SolutionsManual

to accomparry

Heat Transfer
tenth edition

J. P. Holman
southernMethodisttJniversity
 Chapter I
1-1
(39oox9-022
LT- =
(0.2x0.6) 625oc
l-2
q _(0.035X85)
-_ , 22f85 llt'm2
A 0.13
= g2,3g6
iln.^Z
1-3
, ^ cdT
ll
q- - _l...?1._ f u c- dT
-kw'
drc nrT
r-ax+b; x=0; r-0.0375
x-0.3, r-A.0625
r = 0.083
3x + 0.0375
|J tuc- @+lq3-s4o)
rc(0.0g33x*AOW=-
-l_f
rce.og33) \ " = o r=_- ( z o 4 ) ( _ 4 4 7 )
[ o.og,n*+
o.o3
lj )*=o ?
q-2238 W
1{
q _ ( 0 . 2 8 X 3 7 5 - 9 5 )4 F ^ ^
A ffi-1s08 wl^z
1-5
A- w2 q - -k4nrzar -4nk(ra-r)
q-Y
d;
ri rg
(r=4n(2xl0u)(zl + 196)_ l . 6 l 7 w
1_
m -0rt85
mass
evaporated
= . 1'.u11=
= e.gl3x l0-s kg/s
199'ooo
- s.7az kglday
ChapterI

l:7
q 4-T* 30+20 - 11.89W /m
T-m= Zrlk
'
httdo !(39) , r
*arffi+er6rI

l-8

Like manykindsof homespunadvice,this is badadvice.Alltypes of heattransfer;

conductio4 convection,and radiationvary directly with area.The surfaceareaof the
headis much lessthan that of the otherportion of the body andthuswill loselessheat.
This may be shownexperimentallyby comparingexpozurein cold weatherwearing
heavyclothing andno hat,to that wearinga heavyhat andonly undergarments!
t-g

q _ ( 0 . 1 6 1 X 2 0 0 - 1=
003 )Z Zw l ^ ,
A 0.05
1-10
Ar-: -
KAAT
q

_ (roxlo-3#)tsoo)

= 0.0125m - 1.25cm
l-l I

z.Ls8- (2.7)(o"l(*)1o.to
'\12 4gzLr
)'
LT = 0.632"C
l-12

-(5.669x lo-*)t(r o:n)4-6214l = 7 0 . 9g [

q-
A ^2

l-13
g =(5.669x
lo-t)t(t 3n)4 - (698)41 =188
ry
A m-

l-14
q = (s.669
x 10-r)(+ox0.3 - (70)oJ
,2t(300)4 = 704.8
W

1-15
il. q - (5.669x tO-t)t7n)4 -Q7r4J - t.9t 4x104 wl*'

b. q -(5.669x lo-r)ten)4 - (Til4I

= (5.669xlo-tlrtro )4- Q:R\41
T P = 6 4 1K
q - 8 4 7 4 - 3w l ^ t
Reducedby 44.37o

3'
 ChaPter1

l-16

q - h A ( T w-T p u i a )
w
FromTablet-z h-3soo
;zJc
q=(3500)rTd.L(40)=(3500)zr(0.025X3X40)=32987w
q = mcoLTpaid
32,987 \[ - (0-5kg/sX4180J/kg'oC)Af
LT=15.78oC
l-17
hfs = 2257 kJ/kg kJ
=
kJ/kg) 8531 = 2'37 =2-37kw
q = tuhfr= (3-78kg/hr)(2257 * S

r_z
FromTable h_Tsoo
$-
q=hA(T*-Tpuia)
- 100)
2370\{ - (7500x0.3)2(T*
T* =965oC

1-18
q= LALT
Btu - hQ3z-zrz)"F
3 x to4
ffi- w
h-1s00
+=85 17 oC
hr'ft' ^2 '

1-19
q =oa{t( T)a - (Tz)41
- (298)41
2000W - (5.669x l0-sX0.85X0.006X3)t(n)4
\=t233K
1-20
q- +273)a- 1'489x lOs g
dr4= (5.66gxt0-*Xt000 m'
A
l-2r
q - dt4
A
' ro^
06 = (5 -66gx1o-8)74
T - 55 5 6K
Chapter 1

r-22
-Tro\=(5.669
q = oeAl(T1o gtl4 -2934)=29.t9w
x to-8;1o.oXazrX0.0af
r-23
AT
q=lAi= M(Ta-T-)
(1.4X315- 4L)
- h(41- 38)
4.025
h-s|14 y
m'.oc

l-.25
1 0 0- T
q_(t.6)'#_ ro(r*z_ro)
T*, - 35.7oC

.7 -10) -2s7 g
q -10(35
m2

r-26
From Table l-2 lt - 4.5 y for LT: 30oC
mt.oc
q - uALT= (4.5X0,3)2(rO)
- 12.15
V,'
Conduqlion

q-kA+
Ar
W
frfor air = 0.03 -
m-oC

q,,,_(o.o3xo.3)2(30)
- _ 3.24W
0^025
1-21
(lsoo)(H)
^r_ - l,2soF
25
7".100-1.25-98.75oF
1t8
700- (l r)(T* - 30)
Tw = 93'6oC
 Chapter 1

r-29
Q=Qconv*Qrad
qconv = hA(Tr-T*)

FromTablel-2 ft = 180+-
m'.oc
=(1S0)z(0.05)0X200 -30) = 4807 y length
econv m
= oeAl(Tta
Qrad -Tza)
= (5.669x to-8xo.z)z(0.05X1)(4:a4 -2834)
=2 7 2 I t" n g th
m
= 48O7
Qtotat + 272=5079 Y
m
Most heattransferis by convection.

1-30
Q=flconv*Qrad
-T*)
4conv = hA(T*

FromTablelJ h= 4-5+-
m' .oC
=
{conv - 20) (2sides)
f;ll]il;r"so
= o4,(Tta -Tza)= (5.669x to-8X0.gX0.32X323a-zgla) (2 sides)
erad
=2 8 .7W
4total= 24'3W +28'7 W = 53 W
Convectionandradiationareaboutthe samemagnitude.
r_3I
e = econv* erad= 0 (insulated)
4conv= hA(T*-T*)
From Table l-2 h:12 J-
m' 'oC
- Tzo'),€ = l'0, Tz = 35oC= 308 K
Qrad= oeAl(Tl
o = h\(Tr - T*) + o€Argt4- rz4)
- 3084)
o = (12)(4-273)+(s.669x tO-8;1t.0X44
Solutionby iteration:
Tt--7.=285K=12"C
Chapter1

r-32
- T,r)= (5.669x l0-8X& - T*rn)= l5(T*, - 293)
(100X353 ,o
ts(Twz- 293)- (5.669x t O-8)[(rg7 - O.LsTw)a- (T.r)a] = 0 = f (T*r)
T*, f (Tnr)
320 158.41
350 907.22
3r0 -77.O3
313.3 0.058
T*r =397- (0.15X313.3)
= 350K

1-36
w
h=4'5 (Plate)
fr
w
h=6.5 + (cylinder)
m-."u
T* = 2O"C= 293K
hA(T -T*) - otA(74 -T*4)
Plate
x to-8xr4-zgza)
9.5)Q -zg3)=(5.668
T= no realisticvalue(T =247 K, heatgained)
Cylinder
x to-8xr4 - 2%\
(6.t(r - 293)=(5.668
T =320K= 47"C
t-37
The woman is probably correct. Her perceivedcomfort is basedon both radiation
and convection exchangewith the surroundings.Even though a fan does not blow
cool air on her from the refrigerator, her body will radiate to the cold interior and
thereby contribute to her feeling of "coolness."
r-38
This rs an old story. All things being equal, hot water does not freezefaster than
cold water. The only explanation for the observedfaster cooling is that the
refrigerator might be a non-self defrost model which accumulatedan ice layer on
the freezing coils. Then, when the hot water tray was placed on the ice layer, it
melted and reducedthe thermal insulation betweenthe cooling coil and the ice
tray.
 ChaPterI

1-39
4
As in probleml-36, it mustbe observedthat a person'scomfortdependson total
heateichangewith the surroundings by both radiationandconvection.In the
winter the w-allsof the roomwill presumablybe coolerthanthe room air and
increasethe heatlossfrom the bodies.In the sumrn€rthe walls areprobablyhotter
than the room air temperatureandtherebyincreasethe heatgain or reducethe
heatlossfrom the peoplein the room.
l-40
Q=Qconv*Qnd
qconv= hA(T* - 7*) = Q)n(l')(6X78- 68)-377 Btu/hr
Fot T2= 45oF= 505oR
-Tzo)
erad=ocA1(T1a
= (0.r714xto-8xo.g)zr(lX6X53g4 - so54)
= 544 Btu/hr
Qwtat=377 +5M = 921 Btu/hr
Fot T2= 80oF= 540oR
- = -36.4 Btu/hr
erad=(0.1714x to-8)(o.g)a(1)(6X53845+04)
= 377- 36'4= 340'6 Btu/hr
Qtotat
Conitusion:Radiationplaysa very importantrole in "thermalcomfort."
t-41
T i= O "C =2 7 3 K q ss= 0 .9 5
A - (12>(40)= 480 m2 Ts= 25"C= 298 K Ta= 22"C
a - 2t 3a')= 60262w
- \4 )= (5.668; I 0-8X0.95X480X298
erad= oeAl(Tsa
= W
{conv= M(To-4)=(10X480X22-0) 105,600
=
= 60,262+105,600 165,862W
Q,rlvrr
For ice 1&= 80 calf9=3.348x tOs ft<g
165'86?- =
Massratemelted- 0.495kg/sec
3.348x l0'
densityof ice - 1000 kel^3
0.495=
volume rate melted= 4.95xloa *34
r000
= L.44*3
Volume= A x thk- (480X0'003)

Time to melt= - 29A9sec= $.808hr

4.95x10-+ m'/s
t-42

The price of fuel and electricenergyvarieswidely with time of year and location
throughoutthe world, so individual answerscandiffer substantiallyfor this problem.

t-43

= 0.038 thickness:0.15m
lelasswool

A : 1 4 4 + (4 X 5 X l 2 ):3 8 4m2

T (insidebuildingsurface): -10 + 30:20oC

q lost (withoutinsulation): hAAT: (13X384X30): 149,760W

q lost (with inzulation): AAT/[Ax/k + l/h]

= (38a)(30/[0.l5l0.038+ r/r3] : 2862W

Energysavingby installinginsulation: 146,897W

This numbermust be combinedwith the energycostsobtainedin Problem 142 to obtain

the cost savingper hour (or per day, etc.

t-44

This problemis quite open-endedandthe arurwerswill stronglydependon the

assumptionscot/bunkmaterialsetc.