305

Journal of Technology, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 305-314 (2005)

SAE-4130
7075-T6
-

ANSYS ABAQUS

ANSYS ABAQUS

THEORETICAL ANALYSIS ON MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF

CIRCULAR TUBES SUBJECTED TO CYCLIC BENDING
Ri-Fong Shie

Chien-Min Hsu

Wen-Fung Pan

Facilities Operation & Engineering Service Division

Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan County
Taoyuan, Taiwan 325, R.O.C.

Department of Art-Craft, Tung Fang

Institute of Technology, Kao Hsiung County
Kaohsiung, Taiwan 829, R.O.C.

Department of Engineering Science,

National Cheng Kung University, Tainan,
Tainan, Taiwan 701, R.O.C.

Key Words: endochronic theory, principle of virtual work, circular tubes,

cyclic bending, mechanical behavior, FEM analysis software
ANSYS, FEM analysis software ABAQUS.

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to use the endochronic theory combined
with the principle of virtual work to simulate the mechanical behavior (the
relationship of bending moment, curvature and ovalization) of two different
circular tubes, namely a SAE-4130 low-alloy steel tube and a 7075-T6
aluminum alloy tube, subjected to cyclic bending. In this study, based on
the uniaxial stress-strain relationship of these two materials (known experimental data), the corresponding material constants of the endochronic
theory is determined. By substituting the constants into the calculation
structure of the endochronic theory, combined with the principle of virtual
work, the mechanical behavior of circular tubes can be obtained. Next, two
types of FEM analysis software, ANSYS and ABAQUS are used to simulate the mechanical behavior of the materials under the same loading
conditions. It is found that the simulation results are very close to those
predicted by the endochronic method presented in this work.

306

Pan Hsu [11]

2002 Pan Lee [13] 304

(fouries

series)

Newton-Raphson Method

(ovalization)

(buckling)

SAE-4130

7075-T6

Fan[14]

1980 Kyriakides

1982 Kyriakides

Shaw [1] 6061-T6

ANSYS

Ramberg-Osgood 1985

ABAQUS

Shaw Kyriakides [2] 6061-T6 1018

[1] 1987 Kyriakides Shaw [3]

6061-T6 1018

ANSYS ABAQUS

1988 Corona Kyriakides [4] 304

1991 Corona Kyriakides [5] 6061-T6

1020

1992 Kyriakides Ju[6]

Valanis [15](simple endo-

chronic theory)(intrinsic time)

1992 Kyriakides Ju[7][1]

(total strain space)

Valanis [16]

1997

Pan Leu [8]

[16](homogeneous)(isotropic)

1998 Pan [9]

(plastically incompressible)(small deforma-

tion)

Pan Her [10] 304

(constitutive equation)

1999
Pan Hsu [11]
2001 Lee Pan [12]

sij = 2

eijp

0 (z z )

dz

(1)

e ijp = e ij

s ij
2 0

307

(2)

(monotonic decay)
(intrinsic time scale) dz

d
f (z)

dz =

(3)

d = k de ijp

(4)

(material function) f(z)

(internal friction) df /dz>0
(cyclic hardening) df /dz>0
(cyclic softening) df /dz=0
(steady state)
(discrete internal variables) (Valanis Lee
[17])

N (z ) =

Cre

r z

(5)

r =1

Valanis Fan[14]

(5)

(1)[0,z] m z0=0zm=z

hijr (z m 1 ) = hijr (z m 2 )e r zm +

(zi) i=i-i-1 i i-1 i

s ij ( z m ) =

20

1 + U 1

C r e mp 1

rzm

1
eij (z m ) +
1+U

(1 e

r zm 1

(9)

(7) Sii(zm) Sii(zm-1)

Sii(zm)(7) Sii(zm)

N r

2
hij (z m 1 ) e r z m sij (z m 1 )

r =1

(6)

sij (z m ) = s ij (z m 1 ) + s ij (z m )

hijr

(7)

(zm1 )
zm

U =

z0=0 (9)

U hijr (z m1 ) (8)(9)Sii hijr

( y )d y

0 zm

(8)

1 2

x = x0 + h

(10)

308

&0 =

h = ( Rm + w ) cos v sin + z cos

( v& w& ) e 2
Rm2

(11)

)(v w
)(v& w& ) /Rm2
(v w
Rm2 e 3

(20)

= 0 + z

(12)

v w 2

e = 1
Rm

1/ 2

(21)

(17)(18)(16)

( v + w) 1 v + w
1 v w
=
+
+

Rm
2 Rm
2 Rm
0

(13)

t/2

0 t / 2

x& x0 + A1 v& + A2 w& + A3 v&' +

(

A1 w&' + A5 w&" ) dzd=0

(22)

v w

=
2

Rm

v w

1
Rm

x sin A4
A4 =

(23)

R + v + w

A2 = x cos + m 2

R
m

(24)

R + v + w

+ z e
A3 = m 2

R2
Rm
m

(25)

v w
z (v w
) (v w
) 3
e
A4 = 2 + 2

Rm Rm
Rm2

(26)

(14)

( )

W& =

ij &ij dV

(15)

x
(15)

2Rm

t/2

t / 2

( x&x + & )dzd = 0

A5 =

w Rm

(18)

)(v& w& )
(v w
Rm2

(28)

i =2

t/2

0 t / 2
(19)

b sin(i )

(28)(22)( a&i , b&i , &x0 )

Rm2

(27)

ai cos(i ) Rm

i =0

(17)

& = &0 + z k

w v

&x = &x0 = +( w& cos v& sin )

)](v& + w& )
[ Rm + (v + w

R m2

(16)

(10)(12)

&0

( A2 cos (i ) A4 i sin(i ) A5i 2 cos(i ) )dzd

=0
i = 0, 1, 2, ,n

(29)

t/2

0 t / 2

309

( A1 sin(i ) A3 i cos (i ) ) dzd=0

i = 2, , n

(30)

t/2
0 t / 2 x dzd=0

(31)

(29)(30)(31) 2N+1 2N+1

( a&0 , a&1 ,, a& N , b&2 , b&3 ,, b&N , &x0 ) Newton

Raphson
z 4
20 N 4 [2](29)-(31)
Simpson

ANSYS

M = 2 Rm

t/2

0 t /2

x h d z d

(32)

d
(10)(12)

cos v sin ]
& x = & x0 + [w

(33)

[w cos v sin ]

& = &0 + z &

(34)

x
x r
(29)(30)(31)
Newton Raphson ( a&0 , a&1 ,, a& N , b&2 , b&3 ,,
b&N , &x0 ) 2N+1

& x0 =

v& + w&
1
+
Rm
2

1
2

v + w

Rm

v + w

Rm

1
+
2

v w

Rm

1 v w

2 R m

(35)

&0 =

v w

2
Rm
v w

1
R
m

v w

2
Rm
v w

1
Rm

ANSYS ABAQUS
2

(36)

1. ANSYS [18]
SHELL93

(8-node structural shell element)

310

SAE-4130 7075-T6 [20]

SAE-4130
23
0.3 C0.95 Cr0.2 Mo Fe
210
0.285
1741
0.197

(%)
E (Gpa)

K (Mpa)

7075-T6
23
1.6 Cu2.5 Mg5.6 Zn0.23 Cr Al
71.4
0.33
1306
0.159

SAE-4130 7075-T6

SAE-4130

Al-7075-T6

2.1106
4.5104
7.6103
18800
730
60

9.610
4.0104
8.0103
7800
650
42

C1 (Mpa)
C2 (Mpa)
C3 (Mpa)
1
2
3

5 SAE-4130

3 ANSYS

(multilinear)(kinematic hardening)

k (weighting factor) Wk

Wk =

E ETk

E 132 ETk

k 1

Wi

(37)

i =1

6 7075-T6

yk =

1
( 3E k (1 - 2v) k )
2(1 + v )

(38)

( 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral, reduced integration element)

(

{, }(break point)

)CPEG8R

pl von Mises

(associated flow rule)

ANSYS

pl

} =

N sv

i=1

W i{

pl

(39)

2. ABAQUS [19]
CPEG8R

SAE-4130 7075-T6

7 SAE-4130 M
-

10 7075-T6
M-

8 SAE-4130
(D/Dm)-()

11 7075-T6
D/Dm-

9 SAE-4130
(D/Dm)-(M)

12 7075-T6
D/Dm-M

311

312

Baumel Seeger [20]

(D/Dm)-

D/Dm-M 8 11

- Ramberg-Osgood

7075-T6 SAE-4130
0.4 m-1 7075-T6

E K

7075-T6

1 / n

(40)

7075-T6
SAE-4130 10- 12

40 SAE-4130

ABAQUS

7075-T6

5 6
Baumel Seeger [20]

5 6

f ( z ) 12
Fan [14]

ANSYS ABAQUS

SAE-4130 7075-T6

= 30 mm = 0.8 mm = 1000

mm

() -

0.4 m-1

7 SAE-4130

M-

ANSYS ABAQUS

ANSYS ABAQUS

()

SAE-4130

ABAQUS

8 9

SAE-4130

ANSYS

(D/Dm)-(D/Dm)-M

()

D/Dm Dm

ABAQUS

ANSYS

ABAQUS ANSYS

() ANSYS ABAQUS

(time-dependent)

(buckling)

ANSYS ABAQUS

78 9

ABAQUS

10 7075-T6

M-

7075-T6
11 12 7075-T6

NSC91-2212-E-

006-093

313

Cr r

Young's modulus

of Elastoplastic Circular Pipes under Combined Bending

ETk

and External Pressure, International Journal of Solids

eij

(deviatoric total strain

tensor)

eijp

(deviatoric plastic
strain tensor)

Thin-Walled Tubes under Cyclic Bending, International

pp.1073-1110 (1985).

cyclic strength coefficient

cyclic hardening exponent

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ij = ij + & ij

& ij

Sii(zm-1)

i =1

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