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CHAPTER 1
Where:
is the rate of change of the magnetic field along the vertical axis.
Water levitates at
Graphite at
Fig.No.1
CHAPTER 2
SCIENCE OF MAGLEV TRAINS
Fig.No.2
Germany developed MAGLEV Train based on similar concept called Transrapid.
Germany has demonstrated that the maglev train can reach 300 mph with people onboard.
Fig.No.3
A more advanced EDS-repulsive system, worked on by the Japanese (and
Americans), utilizes a U-shaped guideway, in which the vehicle nestles in between the U-
shaped guideway (this makes the vehicle very stable; it can't overturn). Coils are
implanted in the walls of the U- shaped guideway, called guidewalls. Thus, the guideway
is not below, but out to the sides. Now the repulsion goes perpendicularly outward from
the vehicle to the coils in the guidewalls. The perpendicular repulsion still provides lift.
Fig.No.4
INDUCTRACK
Fig.No.5
There are two Inductrack designs: Inductrack I and Inductrack II. Inductrack I is
designed for high speeds, while Inductrack II is suited for slow speeds. Inductrack trains
could levitate higher with greater stability. As long as it's moving a few miles per hour, an
Inductrack train will levitate nearly an inch (2.54 cm) above the track. A greater gap
above the track means that the train would not require complex sensing systems to
maintain stability.
Permanent magnets had not been used before because scientists thought that they
would not create enough levitating force. The Inductrack design bypasses this problem by
arranging the magnets in a Halbach array. The magnets are configured so that the
intensity of the magnetic field concentrates above the array instead of below it. They are
made from a newer material comprising a neodymium-iron-boron alloy, which generates
a higher magnetic field. The Inductrack II design incorporates two Halbach arrays to
generate a stronger magnetic field at lower speeds.
Dr. Richard Post at the Livermore National Laboratory in California came up with
this concept in response to safety and cost concerns. The prototype tests caught the
attention of NASA, which awarded a contract to Dr. Post and his team to explore the
possibility of using the Inductrack system to launch satellites into orbit.
Fig.No.6
Fig.No.7
Fig.No.8
So, if the EMS-attractive drive system is a "pull system," the EDS-repulsive drive
system is a "pull-neutral-then push system".
Only the section of the track where the train is traveling is needed to be
electrified.
Fig.No.9
Fig.No.10
CHAPTER 3
HISTORICAL MAGLEV SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 4
APPLICATION INFORMATION
CHAPTER 5
CONCLUSION
Fig.No.11
• Scientists hope future technologies can get the train to operate at a 6000km/h,
since theoretically the speed limit is limitless. But still it’s a long way to go.
• Toshiba Elevator and Building Systems Corp have developed the world’s first
elevators controlled by magnetic levitation available as early as 2008.Using
maglev technology capable of suspending objects in mid-air through the
combination of magnetic attraction and repulsion they promise quieter and more
comfortable travel at up to 300m per-minute, some 700m per-minute.
5.2 CONCLUSION
It’s no longer science fiction, maglev trains are the new way of transportation in
the near future, just some obstacles are in the way, but with some researches nothing is
impossible. With no engine, no wheels, no pollution, new source of energy, floating on
air, the concept has token tens of years to develop, just recently it’s true capacities has
been realized. Competing planes with speed, boats with efficiency, traditional trains with
safety, and cars with comfort, it seems like it isn't a fair fight...
CHAPTER 6
REFERENCE
6.1 REFERENCE
1. http://science.howstuffworks.com
2. http://www.21stcenturysciencetech.com
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglev
4. http://future.wikia.com/wiki/Maglev_train
5. http://american_almanac.tripod.com/