Star 0622

Volume 44 Issue 22
November 7, 2006
NASA STI Program ... in Profile
Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION.

to the advancement of aeronautics and space Collected papers from scientific and
science. The NASA scientific and technical technical conferences, symposia,
information (STI) program plays a key part in seminars, or other meetings sponsored
helping NASA maintain this important role. or co-sponsored by NASA.
The NASA STI program operates under the • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific,
auspices of the Agency Chief Information technical, or historical information from
Officer. It collects, organizes, provides for NASA programs, projects, and missions,
archiving, and disseminates NASA’s STI. The often concerned with subjects having
NASA STI program provides access to the substantial public interest.
NASA Aeronautics and Space Database and its
public interface, the NASA Technical Report • TECHNICAL TRANSLATION.
Server, thus providing one of the largest English-language translations of foreign
collections of aeronautical and space science scientific and technical material pertinent to
STI in the world. Results are published in both NASA’s mission.
non-NASA channels and by NASA in the
NASA STI Report Series, which includes the Specialized services also include creating
following report types: custom thesauri, building customized databases,
and organizing and publishing research results.
• TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports of
completed research or a major significant For more information about the NASA STI
phase of research that present the results of program, see the following:
NASA Programs and include extensive data
or theoretical analysis. Includes • Access the NASA STI program home page
compilations of significant scientific and at http://www.sti.nasa.gov
technical data and information deemed to
be of continuing reference value. NASA • E-mail your question via the Internet to
counterpart of peer-reviewed formal help@sti.nasa.gov
professional papers but has less stringent
limitations on manuscript length and extent • Fax your question to the NASA STI Help
of graphic presentations. Desk at (301) 621-0134
• TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. • Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at

Scientific and technical findings that are (301) 621-0390
preliminary or of specialized interest,
e.g., quick release reports, working • Write to:
papers, and bibliographies that contain NASA STI Help Desk
minimal annotation. Does not contain NASA Center for AeroSpace Information
extensive analysis. 7121 Standard Drive
Hanover, MD 21076-1320
• CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific and
technical findings by NASA-sponsored
contractors and grantees.
Introduction
Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) is an online information resource listing
citations and abstracts of NASA and world wide aerospace-related STI. Updated biweekly, STAR
highlights the most recent additions to the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database. Through this
resource, the NASA STI Program provides timely access to the most current aerospace-related
Research & Development (R&D) results.
STAR subject coverage includes all aspects of aeronautics and space research and development,
supporting basic and applied research, and application, as well as aerospace aspects of Earth
resources, energy development, conservation, oceanography, environmental protection, urban
transportation and other topics of high national priority. The listing is arranged first by 11 broad
subject divisions, then within these divisions by 76 subject categories and includes two indexes:
subject and author.
STAR includes citations to Research & Development (R&D) results reported in:
• NASA, NASA contractor, and NASA grantee reports

• Reports issued by other U.S. Government agencies, domestic and foreign institution,
universities, and private firms
• Translations
• NASA-owned patents and patent applications
• Other U.S. Government agency and foreign patents and patent applications
• Domestic and foreign dissertations and theses
The NASA STI Program

The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program was established to support the
objectives of NASA’s missions and research to advance aeronautics and space science. By
sharing information, the NASA STI Program ensures that the U.S. maintains its preeminence in
aerospace-related industries and education, minimizes duplication of research, and increases
research productivity.
Through the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), the NASA STI Program
acquires, processes, archives, announces and disseminates both NASA’s internal STI and world-
wide STI. The results of 20th and 21st century aeronautics and aerospace research and
development, a worldwide investment totaling billions of dollars, have been captured, organized,
and stored in the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database. New information is continually
announced and made available as it is acquired, making this a dynamic and historical collection
of value to business, industry, academia, federal institutions, and the general public.
The STI Program offers products and tools that allow efficient access to the wealth of
information derived from global R&D efforts. In addition, customized services are available to
help tailor this valuable resource to meet your specific needs.
For more information on the most up to date NASA STI, visit the STI Program’s website at
http://www.sti.nasa.gov.
NASA STI Availability Information
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI)

Through NASA CASI, the NASA STI Program offers many information products and services to
the aerospace community and to the public, including access to a selection of full text of the
NASA STI. Free registration with the program is available to NASA, U.S. Government agencies
and contractors. To register, contact CASI at help@sti.nasa.gov. Others should visit the program
at www.sti.nasa.gov. The ‘search selected databases’ button provides access to the NASA
Technical Reports Server (TRS) – the publicly available contents of the NASA Aeronautics and
Space Database.
Each citation in STAR indicates a ‘Source of Availability’. When CASI is indicated, the user can
order this information directly from CASI using the STI Online Order Form or contact
help@sti.nasa.gov or telephone the CASI Help Desk at 301-621-0390. Before ordering you may
access price code tables for STI documents and videos. When information is not available from
CASI, the source of the information is indicated when known.
NASA STI is also available to the public through Federal information organizations. NASA
CASI disseminates publicly available NASA STI to the National Technical Information Service
(NTIS) and to the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) through the Government Printing
Office (GPO). In addition, NASA patents are available online from the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

The National Technical Information Service serves the American public as a central resource for
unlimited, unclassified U.S. Government scientific, technical, engineering, and business related
information. For more than 50 years NTIS has provided businesses, universities, and the public
timely access to well over 2 million publications covering over 350 subject areas. Visit NTIS at
http://www.ntis.gov.
The Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP)

The U.S. Congress established the Federal Depository Library Program (FDLP) to ensure
access by the American public to U.S. Government information. The program acquires and
disseminates information products from all three branches of the U.S. Government to nearly
1,300 Federal depository libraries nationwide. The libraries maintain these information products
as part of their existing collections and are responsible for assuring that the public has free access
to the information. Locate the Federal Depository Libraries http://www.gpoaccess.gov/index.html.
The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)

The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office provides online access to full text patents and patent
applications. The database includes patents back to 1976 plus some pre-1975 patents. Visit the
USPTO at http://www.uspto.gov/patft/.
Table of Contents
Subject Divisions/Categories
Document citations are grouped by division and then by category, according to the NASA Scope and Subject
Category Guide.
Aeronautics
01 Aeronautics (General) ...................................................................................................... 1
02 Aerodynamics .................................................................................................................. 1
03 Air Transportation and Safety .......................................................................................... 4
04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation ....................................................................... 11
05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance ..................................................................... 13
06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation ............................................................................ 24
07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power ....................................................................................... 25
08 Aircraft Stability and Control .......................................................................................... 30
09 Research and Support Facilities (Air) ........................................................................... 32
Astronautics
12 Astronautics (General) ................................................................................................... 32
13 Astrodynamics ............................................................................................................... 35
14 Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space) .......................................................... 36
15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations ...................................................................... 36
16 Space Transportation and Safety .................................................................................. 44
17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking ......... 46
18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance ............................................................... 47
19 Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics .................................................................... 60
20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power ................................................................................. 61
Chemistry and Materials

23 Chemistry and Materials (General) ............................................................................... 63
24 Composite Materials ...................................................................................................... 78
25 Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry .................................................................. 80
26 Metals and Metallic Materials ........................................................................................ 97
27 Nonmetallic Materials .................................................................................................. 105
28 Propellants and Fuels .................................................................................................. 111
Engineering
31 Engineering (General) .................................................................................................. 112
32 Communications and Radar ........................................................................................ 115
33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering ........................................................................ 125
34 Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics ....................................................................... 141
35 Instrumentation and Photography ............................................................................... 149
36 Lasers and Masers ...................................................................................................... 156
37 Mechanical Engineering .............................................................................................. 159
38 Quality Assurance and Reliability ................................................................................ 166
39 Structural Mechanics ................................................................................................... 167
Geosciences
42 Geosciences (General) ................................................................................................ 168
43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing ....................................................................... 169
44 Energy Production and Conversion ............................................................................. 173
45 Environment Pollution .................................................................................................. 184
46 Geophysics .................................................................................................................. 188
47 Meteorology and Climatology ...................................................................................... 193
48 Oceanography ............................................................................................................. 200
Life Sciences
51 Life Sciences (General) ............................................................................................... 201
52 Aerospace Medicine .................................................................................................... 255
53 Behavioral Sciences .................................................................................................... 258
54 Man/System Technology and Life Support .................................................................. 258
Mathematical and Computer Sciences

59 Mathematical and Computer Sciences (General) ....................................................... 280
60 Computer Operations and Hardware .......................................................................... 291
61 Computer Programming and Software ........................................................................ 294
62 Computer Systems ...................................................................................................... 317
63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics .......................................................... 329
64 Numerical Analysis ...................................................................................................... 341
65 Statistics and Probability ............................................................................................. 361
66 Systems Analysis and Operations Research .............................................................. 372
67 Theoretical Mathematics .............................................................................................. 388
Physics
70 Physics (General) ........................................................................................................ 396
71 Acoustics ...................................................................................................................... 407
72 Atomic and Molecular Physics .................................................................................... 413
73 Nuclear Physics ........................................................................................................... 414
74 Optics ........................................................................................................................... 414
75 Plasma Physics ........................................................................................................... 417
76 Solid-State Physics ...................................................................................................... 418
77 Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields ................................................................ 420
Social and Information Sciences

80 Social and Information Sciences (General) ................................................................. 423
81 Administration and Management ................................................................................. 423
82 Documentation and Information Science .................................................................... 425
85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation ..................................................... 441
Space Sciences
88 Space Sciences (General) ........................................................................................... 442
89 Astronomy .................................................................................................................... 446
90 Astrophysics ................................................................................................................. 447
91 Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration ............................................................ 450
92 Solar Physics ............................................................................................................... 459
93 Space Radiation .......................................................................................................... 461
General
99 General ........................................................................................................................ 461
Indexes
Two indexes are available. You may use the find command under the tools menu while viewing the PDF file for direct
match searching on any text string. You may also select either of the two indexes provided for linking to the
corresponding document citation from NASA Thesaurus terms and personal author names.
Subject Term Index

Personal Author Index
SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL
AEROSPACE REPORTS
A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
VOLUME 44, NOVEMBER 6, 2006
01
AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to manned and unmanned aircraft and the problems of flight within the Earth’s atmosphere. Also
includes manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of aircraft. For specific topics in aeronautics, see categories 02 through 09. For
information related to space vehicles see 12 Astronautics.
20060048307 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA

Aeroacoustic Study of a 26%-Scale Semispan Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind
Tunnel
Horne, W. Clifton; Burnside, Nathan J.; Soderman, Paul T.; Jaeger, Stephen M.; Reinero, Bryan R.; James, Kevin D.; Arledge,
Thomas K.; October 2004; 216 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): UPN 781-00-00
Report No.(s): NASA/TP-2003-212802; A-0410923; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy
An acoustic and aerodynamic study was made of a 26%-scale unpowered Boeing 777 aircraft semispan model in the
NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel for the purpose of identifying and attenuating airframe noise sources. Simulated
approach and landing configurations were evaluated at Mach numbers between 0.12 and 0.24. Cruise configurations were
evaluated at Mach numbers between 0.24 and 0.33. The research team used two Ames phased-microphone arrays, a large fixed
array and a small traversing array, mounted under the wing to locate and compare various noise sources in the wing high-lift
system and landing gear. Numerous model modifications and noise alleviation devices were evaluated. Simultaneous with
acoustic measurements, aerodynamic forces were recorded to document aircraft conditions and any performance changes
caused by the geometric modifications. Numerous airframe noise sources were identified that might be important factors in
the approach and landing noise of the full-scale aircraft. Several noise-control devices were applied to each noise source. The
devices were chosen to manipulate and control, if possible, the flow around the various tips and through the various gaps of
the high-lift system so as to minimize the noise generation. Fences, fairings, tip extensions, cove fillers, vortex generators, hole
coverings, and boundary-layer trips were tested. In many cases, the noise-control devices eliminated noise from some sources
at specific frequencies. When scaled to full-scale third-octave bands, typical noise reductions ranged from 1 to 10 dB without
significant aerodynamic performance loss.
Author
Boeing 777 Aircraft; Wings; Semispan Models; Aerodynamic Characteristics; Aerodynamic Forces; Aeroacoustics; Noise
Generators; Airframes
02
AERODYNAMICS
Includes aerodynamics of flight vehicles, test bodies, airframe components and combinations, wings, and control surfaces. Also includes
aerodynamics of rotors, stators, fans, and other elements of turbomachinery. For related information see also 34 Fluid Mechanics and
Thermodynamics.
20060048929 Air Force Research Lab., Eglin AFB, FL USA

Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Issues for Explosively Formed Penetrators
Vanden, Kirk; Ellison, Steve; Wilson, James; Case, Ben; Aug 2006; 22 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2307
Report No.(s): AD-A453699; AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2006-7405; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
The technology of hypersonic projectiles is becoming mature from a metal physics perspective but there are still unsolved
1
challenges relating to flight characteristics and aero dynamic stability. These projectiles deform under explosive loads and
accelerate to hypersonic speeds in 2x10-6 seconds. In addition, these projectiles operate at sea-level conditions, a high-speed
flight regime not commonly studied. The objective of this effort is to study the aerodynamics characteristics of deformable
projectiles flying at hypersonic speeds and sea-level conditions. Because aerodynamic stability is critical for proper
performance it is important to know what shapes should be avoided and which ones are acceptable. Since this was a short
one-year IDP task the effort only focused on static body geometries, no deformable body calculations were attempted.
DTIC
Aerodynamic Stability; Hypersonic Flow; Penetration; Unsteady Flow; Warheads
20060048934 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined Wing Scissor Morphing
Dike, Christopher; Jun 2006; 128 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453708; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J02; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy
The Air Force Research Laboratory’s Munitions Directorate has been looking to extend the range of its small smart bomb.
Corneille [6] has conducted tests to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of joined wings on a missile and determine if
joined wings are more beneficial than a single wing configuration. The concept of retrofitting wings on the bomb introduced
an interesting problem: storage before deployment. This study conducted steady-state low speed wind tunnel testing of a joined
wing configuration that morphed from a compact configuration for storage to a full extension. These steady-state tests examine
differing sweep angles of the same joined wing configuration. The lift and drag as well as pitching moments and rolling
moments were determined and analyzed for the effects of morphing.
DTIC
Joined Wings; Variable Sweep Wings; Wind Tunnel Tests; Wings

Experimental Investigation of the Aerodynamic Ground Effect of a Tailless Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Flaps
Mostaccio, Jason T; Jun 2006; 209 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453970; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-J11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453970;
Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This experimental study adequately identified the ground effect region of a lambda-shaped unmanned combat air vehicle
(UCAV). The lambda planform used in this study was originally tested in a previous experiment to determine the stability and
control characteristics generated out-of-ground-effect. The following study extends the existing database by analyzing the
inherent aerodynamic behavior that is produced by employing trailing edge flap deflections while flying in-ground-effect
(IGE). To accomplish this objective, static ground effect tests were performed in the AFIT 3? x 3? subsonic wind tunnel where
a ground plane was used to simulate the forces and moments on the UCAV IGE. Removable aluminum flap pieces were
attached to the model, in a split flap configuration, along the midboard and outboard trailing edges of the UCAV, and the
corresponding IGE data was collected for symmetric and asymmetric deflections of +10o and +20o. Based on the results of
this study, the ground effect region for the lambda UCAV, with flaps deployed was characterized by an increase in the lift, a
reduction in the induced drag but an increase in the overall drag, and an increase in the lift-to-drag ratio. These trends were
noted in previous ground effect studies for aircraft with trailing edge flaps, and similar aspect ratios and wing sweep.
Additionally, a flow visualization analysis revealed that a vortical flow pattern, that is characteristic of delta wing
configurations, developed over the upper surface of the wing at high angles of attack.
DTIC
Aerodynamic Characteristics; Aerodynamics; Aircraft; Ground Effect (Aerodynamics); Wing Flaps; Wings
20060049266 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA

Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Open Cavity Acoustics
Bortz, D M; Rubio, A D; Banks, H T; Cain, A B; Smith, R C; Jul 19, 2000; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180
Report No.(s): AD-A454028; CRSC-TR00-18; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454028; Avail.:
Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Aircraft with internal carriage of weapons or surveillance systems require active control strategies to limit high amplitude
open bay acoustic resonances and to facilitate optimization of structure requirements and weapon/surveillance reliability. This
paper focuses on communicating an investigation of the use of numerical simulation combined with Proper Orthogonal
2
Decomposition (POD) model reduction methods to optimize an active control system for aircraft open cavity applications.
Issues addressed include characterizing shear layer and wake resonant responses, optimal steady blowing rates, the effect of
open loop harmonic perturbations, use of POD for post-processing data to reduce storage requirements, and the use of the
Nelder-Mead optimization procedure. Comparison of the wake and shear layer responses reveals why a wake response in
aircraft is undesirable. This study has focused primarily on a freestream flow at M=0.85 with a cavity of aspect ratio l/d = 4.5.
The results include the use of steady blowing injection up to M = 0.9 and harmonic forcing perturbations ranging in amplitude
from M=0.005 to M=0.45. In the parameter space examined, fluid displacement had the largest effect. The best observed
forcing reduced the buffet loading metrics by approximately 17 db.
DTIC
Acoustic Resonance; Acoustics; Aerodynamic Noise; Cavities; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Mathematical Models; Noise
Reduction
20060049404 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USA

Performance Analysis of a Wing With Multiple Winglets
Smith, M J; Komerath, N; Ames, R; Wong, O; Pearson, J; Jan 2001; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-00-C-3017
Report No.(s): AD-A454384; AIAA-2001-2407; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454384; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This effort examined the potential of multi-winglets for the reduction of induced drag without increasing the span of
aircraft wings. Wind tunnel models were constructed using a NACA 0012 airfoil section for the untwisted, rectangular wing
and flat plates for the winglets. Testing of the configurations occurred over a range of Reynolds numbers from 161,000 to
300,000. Wind tunnel balances provided lift and drag measurements, and laser flow visualization obtained wingtip vortex
information. The Cobalt60 unstructured solver generated flow simulations of the experimental configuration via solution of
the Euler equations of motion. The results show that certain multi-winglet configurations reduced the wing induced drag and
improved lift by 15-30% compared with the baseline 0012 wing. A substantial increase in lift curve slope occurs with dihedral
spread of winglets set at zero incidence relative to the wing. Dihedral spread also distributes the tip vortex. These observations
supplement previous results on drag reduction due to lift reorientation with twisted winglets set at negative incidence.
DTIC
Aerodynamic Configurations; Drag Reduction; Reliability Analysis; Winglets; Wings
20060049612 Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK

Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation for Small Satellites
Valpiani, James M; Palmer, Philip L; Aug 2006; 17 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454632; CI04-188D; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A novel method for efficient high-accuracy satellite attitude estimation is presented to address the increasing performance
requirements of resource-constrained small satellites. Symplectic numerical methods are applied to the nonlinear estimation
problem for Hamiltonian systems, leading to a new general solution that exactly preserves state probability density functions
and conserves invariant properties of the dynamics when solving for the state estimate. This nonlinear Symplectic Filter is
applied to a standard small satellite mission and simulation results demonstrate orders of magnitude improvement in state and
constants of motion estimation when compared to extended and iterative Kalman methods particularly in the presence of
nonlinear dynamics and high accuracy attitude observations. Based on numerous simulations, the authors conclude that this
new method shows promise for improved attitude estimation onboard high performance, resource-constrained small satellites.
DTIC
Artificial Satellites; Attitude (Inclination); Nonlinearity; Probability Density Functions
3
03
AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
Includes passenger and cargo air transport operations; airport ground operations; flight safety and hazards; and aircraft accidents.
Systems and hardware specific to ground operations of aircraft and to airport construction are covered in 09 Research and Support
Facilities (Air). Air traffic control is covered in 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation. For related information see also 16 Space
Transportation and Safety and 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.
20060048280 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Participate in Merging and Spacing of Aircraft
Baxley, Brian T.; Barmore, Bryan E.; Abbott, Terence S.; Capron, William R.; [2006]; 11 pp.; In English; 6th AIAA Aviation
Technology, Integration and Operations Conference (ATIO), 25-27 Sep. 2006, Wichita, KS, USA; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 931-02-07-07; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The predicted tripling of air traffic within the next 15 years is expected to cause significant aircraft delays and create a
major financial burden for the airline industry unless the capacity of the National Airspace System can be increased. One
approach to improve throughput and reduce delay is to develop new ground tools, airborne tools, and procedures to reduce
the variance of aircraft delivery to the airport, thereby providing an increase in runway throughput capacity and a reduction
in arrival aircraft delay. The first phase of the Merging and Spacing Concept employs a ground based tool used by Air Traffic
Control that creates an arrival time to the runway threshold based on the aircraft s current position and speed, then makes
minor adjustments to that schedule to accommodate runway throughput constraints such as weather and wake vortex
separation criteria. The Merging and Spacing Concept also employs arrival routing that begins at an en route metering fix at
altitude and continues to the runway threshold with defined lateral, vertical, and velocity criteria. This allows the desired
spacing interval between aircraft at the runway to be translated back in time and space to the metering fix. The tool then
calculates a specific speed for each aircraft to fly while enroute to the metering fix based on the adjusted land timing for that
aircraft. This speed is data-linked to the crew who fly this speed, causing the aircraft to arrive at the metering fix with the
assigned spacing interval behind the previous aircraft in the landing sequence. The second phase of the Merging and Spacing
Concept increases the timing precision of the aircraft delivery to the runway threshold by having flight crews using an airborne
system make minor speed changes during enroute, descent, and arrival phases of flight. These speed changes are based on
broadcast aircraft state data to determine the difference between the actual and assigned time interval between the aircraft pair.
The airborne software then calculates a speed adjustment to null that difference over the remaining flight trajectory. Follow-on
phases still under development will expand the concept to all types of aircraft, arriving from any direction, merging at different
fixes and altitudes, and to any airport. This paper describes the implementation phases of the Merging and Spacing Concept,
and provides high-level results of research conducted to date.
Author
Air Traffıc; Air Traffıc Control; Flight Crews; Spacing; Flight Paths; Airspace; Aircraft Approach Spacing; Aircraft
Maneuvers; Approach Control

Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Throughput and Traffic Delays Using Self Separation Procedures
Consiglio, Maria C.; Sturdy, James L.; [2006]; 8 pp.; In English; ICAS 2006 - 25th Congress of the International Council of
the Aeronautical Sciences, 3-8 Sep. 2006, Hamburg, Germany; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 23-786-10-10; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
This paper presents the results of three simulation studies of throughput and delay times of arrival and departure
operations performed at non-towered, non-radar airports using self-separation procedures. The studies were conducted as part
of the validation process of the Small Aircraft Transportation Systems Higher Volume Operations (SATS HVO) concept and
include an analysis of the predicted airport capacity using with different traffic conditions and system constraints under
increasing levels of demand. Results show that SATS HVO procedures can dramatically increase capacity at non-towered,
non-radar airports and that the concept offers the potential for increasing capacity of the overall air transportation system.
Author
Air Traffıc; Air Transportation; Monte Carlo Method; Airports
4
NAS Demand Predictions, Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Compared with Other Forecasts
Viken, Jeff; Dollyhigh, Samuel; Smith, Jeremy; Trani, Antonio; Baik, Hojong; Hinze, Nicholas; Ashiabor, Senanu; [2006];
29 pp.; In English; 6th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration and Operations Conference (ATIO), 25-27 Sep. 2006, Wichita,
KS, USA; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 931-02-07-07-01
Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-7761; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The current work incorporates the Transportation Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) to predict the future demand for
airline travel. TSAM is a multi-mode, national model that predicts the demand for all long distance travel at a county level
based upon population and demographics. The model conducts a mode choice analysis to compute the demand for commercial
airline travel based upon the traveler s purpose of the trip, value of time, cost and time of the trip,. The county demand for
airline travel is then aggregated (or distributed) to the airport level, and the enplanement demand at commercial airports is
modeled. With the growth in flight demand, and utilizing current airline flight schedules, the Fratar algorithm is used to
develop future flight schedules in the NAS. The projected flights can then be flown through air transportation simulators to
quantify the ability of the NAS to meet future demand. A major strength of the TSAM analysis is that scenario planning can
be conducted to quantify capacity requirements at individual airports, based upon different future scenarios. Different
demographic scenarios can be analyzed to model the demand sensitivity to them. Also, it is fairly well know, but not well
modeled at the airport level, that the demand for travel is highly dependent on the cost of travel, or the fare yield of the airline
industry. The FAA projects the fare yield (in constant year dollars) to keep decreasing into the future. The magnitude and/or
direction of these projections can be suspect in light of the general lack of airline profits and the large rises in airline fuel cost.
Also, changes in travel time and convenience have an influence on the demand for air travel, especially for business travel.
Future planners cannot easily conduct sensitivity studies of future demand with the FAA TAF data, nor with the Boeing or
Airbus projections. In TSAM many factors can be parameterized and various demand sensitivities can be predicted for future
travel. These resulting demand scenarios can be incorporated into future flight schedules, therefore providing a quantifiable
demand for flights in the NAS for a range of futures. In addition, new future airline business scenarios are investigated that
illustrate when direct flights can replace connecting flights and larger aircraft can be substituted, only when justified by
demand.
Author
Civil Aviation; Systems Analysis; Airline Operations; National Airspace System; Forecasting; Air Transportation;
Mathematical Models
20060048493 Civil Aerospace Medical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK, USA

A Human Factors Review of the Operational Error Literature
Schroeder, David; Bailey, Larry; Pounds, Julia; Manning, Carol; August 2006; 66 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AM-HRR-524
Report No.(s): DOT/FAA/AM-06/21; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This report reviews available documents concerning research and initiatives to reduce operational errors (OEs). It
provides a brief history of OE investigation and reporting. It describes 154 documents published from 1960-2005 and 222 OE
reduction initiatives implemented from 1986 to 2005. Materials are classified by 1) type of study and 2) human and other
contributing factors (using the JANUS taxonomy). An analysis of the literature identified several consistent findings. OEs were
related to the amount of traffic (measured nationally rather than by position, early time on position, and pilot/controller
miscommunications (especially hearback/readback errors). Initiatives included developing national and local QA activities,
providing resources to supervisors to help them perform their jobs, and skills training to address controller mental processes.
Many ATO initiatives involved controller training, teamwork, and communications. Research and operations seemed to focus
on the same 6 areas: a) training and experience, b) teamwork, c) pilot-ATC communications, d) Human Machine Interaction
(HMI) and equipment, e) airspace/surface, and f) traffic. This review concluded that, historically, much (sometimes redundant)
research was conducted that generated little new information about why OEs occurred. Similarly, many initiatives were
implemented, but the lack of a systematic follow-up prevented us from learning which were effective. This cycle will continue
unless relevant data are obtained that can address underlying causal dimensions typically associated with human errors. Better
data will allow conducting more informative, theory-based analyses. ATO must also continually assess the effectiveness of OE
mitigation strategies. Research efforts, operational initiatives, and program outcomes must be monitored to avoid wasting
resources by repeatedly conducting the same analyses, re-discovering the same intervention strategies, and addressing only the
easy problems. Development of a safety culture requires obtaining better data about circumstances surrounding OEs;
5
identifying individual, supervisory, and organizational contributions; and measuring the effectiveness of interventions.
Author
Air Traffıc Control; Human Factors Engineering; Aircraft Accidents; Mental Performance; Operator Performance; Literature
20060048496 Civil Aerospace Medical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK, USA

Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Cargo Industry
Caldwell, Douglas C.; Lewis, Russell J.; Shaffstall, Robert M.; August 2006; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AM-B-05-TOX-204
Report No.(s): DOT/FAA/AM-06/19; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Dry ice is used as a refrigerant for the shipment of perishable goods in the aviation industry. The sublimation of dry ice
can, however, lead to incapacitating levels of carbon dioxide in the aircraft cabin environment, as exemplified by the National
Transportation Safety Board s (NTSB s) probable cause determination in a 1998 Brownsville, Texas, incapacitation incident.
This incident prompted the NTSB to request that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) revisit the dry ice sublimation
rate published in FAA Advisory Circular AC 103-4. The sublimation rate used in AC 103-4 to calculate permissible dry ice
loads was based on a study conducted by Pan American Airlines where a single, large piece of dry ice (100 lb block) was used.
Today, the majority of dry ice shipments contain smaller amounts of dry ice obtained in pellet form (approximately 5 lb). This
study focuses on the sublimation rate of dry ice packed in such commonly encountered amounts. In this study, approximately
5 lb of dry ice, in pellet form, was added to each of 20 pre-weighed TheromoSafe shipping containers. The boxes were then
weighed to obtain preflight weights and placed in an altitude chamber located at the FAA’s Civil Aerospace Medical Institute.
The chamber was depressurized to an altitude of 8000 ft at a rate of 1000 ft/min. The total flight time was 6 h. The containers
were then removed and immediately weighed to obtain post-flight measurements. Using the differences in weight as well as
the total flight time, an average sublimation rate of 2.0 +/- 0.3%/h was determined. Results indicate that the sublimation rate
is greater when dry ice is packaged in pellet form in small quantities. These results contrast the Pan American Airlines study
that employed one solid 100-lb block of dry ice. The current study improves air cargo safety by providing a sublimation rate
for dry ice shipped in small, more representative quantities. The updated sublimation rate can be used to calculate safe dry
ice loads for containers commonly used today.
Author
Air Cargo; Carbon Dioxide; Sublimation; Refrigerants; Solidified Gases; Amount
20060048600 Illinois Univ., Urbana-Champaign, IL USA

Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Analysis
Dixon, Stephen R; Wickens, Christopher D; Jan 2003; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MAAD6021-000-01
Report No.(s): AD-A446844; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA446844; Avail.: CASI: A02,
Hardcopy
Fifty-four licensed pilots carried out multiple surveillance missions on two high-fidelity simulations representing
unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In Experiment 1, pilots were required to operate a single UAV through three different
mission conditions: a baseline condition, one that offloaded relevant information to the auditory channel, and one that provided
automation of flight path control. In Experiment 2, pilots operated two UAVs simultaneously through the same three mission
conditions. Pilots were responsible for the following tasks: (1) mission completion, (2) target search, and (3) systems
monitoring. Results of the experiment suggest that automation and auditory offloading can be beneficial to performance by
reducing interference between tasks, and thus alleviating overall workload.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Flight Simulation; Loads (Forces); Pilots; Workloads (Psychophysiology)
20060048669 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, The Hague, Netherlands

Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in Diverse Operaties)
Boots-Theunissen, E A; Halfhide, Y F; Mar 2005; 61 pp.; In Dutch; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453295; TNO-DV1-2004-A254; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453295;
Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This report describes the results of the research of the contribution of the F-16 aircraft of the Royal Netherlands Air Force
to air force operations the past ten years. Several sources of information were used: books written by the Air Force,
information systems, internet sites and articles in military journals. In case of inconsistency between sources of information,
6
all the information and sources are mentioned. The report gives the number of sorties and number of flying hours for the F-16
aircraft of the RNLAF for eight air force operations. It also includes the number of sorties of all the participating air forces
both for these eight air force operations and for two additional operations.
DTIC
F-16 Aircraft; Fighter Aircraft; Military Operations
20060048927 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

Aviation Security-Related Findings and Recommendations of the 9/11 Commission
Elias, Bart; Mar 30, 2005; 21 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453685; CRS-RL32541; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The 9/11 Commission found that al Qaeda operatives exploited known weaknesses in U.S. aviation security to carry out
the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. While legislation and administration actions after September 11, 2001 were
implemented to strengthen aviation security, the 9/11 Commission concluded that several weaknesses continue to exist. These
include perceived vulnerabilities in cargo and general aviation security as well as inadequate screening and access controls
at airports. The 9/11 Commission issued several recommendations designed to strengthen aviation security by: enhancing
passenger pre-screening; improving measures to detect explosives on passengers; addressing human factors issues at screening
checkpoints; expediting deployment of in-line baggage screening systems; intensifying efforts to identify, track, and screen
potentially dangerous cargo; and deploying hardened cargo containers on passenger aircraft. In addition to these specific
recommendations, an overarching recommendation for transportation security policy asserts that priorities should be set based
on risk, and the most practical and cost effective deterrents should be implemented assigning appropriate roles and missions
to federal, state, and local authorities, as well as private stakeholders.
DTIC
Airline Operations; Commercial Aircraft; Security; Terrorism

Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues
Shea, Dana A; Morgan, Daniel; Feb 7, 2005; 7 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453711; CRS-RS21920; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the USA, known as the 9/11 Commission, recommended that
Congress and the Transportation Security Administration give priority attention to screening airline passengers for explosives.
The key issue for Congress is balancing the costs of mandating passenger explosives trace detection against other aviation
security needs. Passenger explosives screening technologies have been under development for several years and are now being
tested for suitability in airport operation. Their technical capabilities have not been fully established, and operational and
policy issues have not yet been resolved. Critical factors for implementation in airports include reliability, passenger
throughput, and passenger privacy concerns. Presuming the successful development and deployment of this technology,
certification standards, operational policy, and screening procedures for federal use will need to be established. This topic,
which was addressed by Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458), continues to be of
congressional interest in the 109th Congress.
DTIC
Air Transportation; Airline Operations; Detection; Explosives; Explosives Detection; Security; Terrorism
20060048956 Boeing Phantom Works, Saint Louis, MO USA

Air Vehicle Technology Integration Program (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Control Platform (OCP) Software
Enabled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Integration
Paunicka, James L; Jun 2005; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-00-D-3052-0015; Proj-A008
Report No.(s): AD-A453784; BOEING-STL2004P0023; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Boeing Phantom Works collaborated with Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) researchers at the Aerospace Vehicles
Technology Assessment and Simulation (AVTAS) Laboratory and with Northrop Grumman to conduct the Open Control
Platform (OCP) Hardware-In-The-Loop (HITL) project sponsored by the DARPA Software Enabled Control (SEC) Program.
The purpose of this project is to develop the capability to be an OCP test-bed and to evaluate the OCP controls and simulation
environment for a specific test case. The OCP, developed by Boeing, provides an open, middleware-enabled software
framework and development platform for developers of distributed and embedded software applications. The middleware
7
isolates the programmer from the details of the operating system and provides a mechanism for communication with other
OCP software components. A Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) was chosen as a representative flight controls
application to exercise OCP. The programmatic approach taken by the OCP-HITL project was a series of simulation
experiments with increasing complexity.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Control Simulation; Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation; Software Engineering
20060049241 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA

Control of Acoustics and Store Separation in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow
Sahoo, Debashis; Feb 2005; 141 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The supersonic flight community is currently faced with two cavity-under-cross-flow related problems, one being the high
noise levels inside the cavity and the other being the return of a store into the cavity after being released from inside. This
thesis provides a systematic framework to understand the dominant physics in both problems and to provide solutions for
ameliorating the problems. For the first problem, an innovative cavity acoustics model is developed that rigorously explains
the role of leading edge microjets in cavity noise suppression and predicts the magnitude of noise reduction for a given control
input (that is the steady pressure at which the microjets are fired). The model is validated through comparison of its noise
reduction predictions with experiments done using the Florida State University cavity and wind tunnel for different microjet
pressures and under Mach 2.0 and Reynolds number 3 million flow, with the microjets being of diameter 400 microns. The
second problem that the thesis is concerned with, is that of unsuccessful store drops from an external bay of an aircraft in flight.
A group of researchers under the DARPA-funded HIFEX Program is currently developing an effective control mechanism to
ensure safe release of a slender axi-symmetric store from a rectangular cavity under supersonic external cross-flow. In this
thesis, a suitable low-order model is developed with separate components to predict the pitch and plunge motion of the store
when it is inside the cavity, when it is passing through the shear layer at the mouth of the cavity and when it is completely
outside the cavity. The model is based on slender axi-symmetric body aerodynamics, thin shear layer at the cavity mouth, high
Reynolds number external cross-flow, plane shock waves associated with the microjet actuators, no-flow condition inside the
cavity and inconsideration of the cavity acoustic field.
DTIC
Acoustics; Cavity Flow; Cavity Resonators; External Stores; Supersonic Flow

Simulation of Weapons Release from Cargo Aircraft
Wilson, Paul M; Mar 2006; 212 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453975; AFIT/GAE/ENY/06-M33; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453975;
The purpose of this study is to develop a computer simulation capable of providing an accurate flight history of an
air-dropped munitions dispenser system in order to conduct proof of concept testing. The simulation is intended to serve as
an adaptable tool for the development and testing of any cargo aircraft based weapons dispenser system. The simulation allows
the user to conduct low-cost, time efficient, and effective tests of various design concepts in determining their operational
feasibility and performance envelope. The munitions dispenser system is intended to provide a retrofit combat capability to
the USAF C-17 aircraft, delivering massive amounts of precision guided ordnance where needed, when needed, while
remaining outside the threat envelope. The dispenser concept was developed and modified through use of the simulation by
determining the most favorable parachute system, harness configuration, and munition release sequence which ensure the
desired behavior and performance of the twenty-munition dispenser system. The developed dispenser system was subjected
to various adverse flight conditions, disturbances, and system malfunctions to determine the dispenser’s reaction to such
inputs. Overall, the developed dispenser configuration has proven to be a viable weapons release platform for a cargo aircraft.
DTIC
Aircraft; Cargo; Cargo Aircraft; Computerized Simulation; Dispensers; Parachutes; Simulation

Wireless Sensor Network Applications for the Combat Air Forces
Melloy, John R; Jun 13, 2006; 94 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
8
Report No.(s): AD-A453978; AFIT/IC4/ENG/06-05; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453978;
The main objective of this research is to examine the capabilities and limitations of wireless sensor networks with a focus
on applications in an operational Air Force setting. The topography of such networks can be varied to suit applications across
the spectrum of military operations. Sensor networks have certain inherent advantages, such as scalability, inconspicuousness,
self-healing capability, and deployability. Possible uses include perimeter monitoring, mine field detection, aircraft health,
search and rescue, target location, and others. Despite such potential capabilities, much study is needed to ensure their
feasibility and utility. There are issues relating to network structure, data flow, power supplies, and methods of deployment.
This paper covers some likely USAF applications and the unique problems which must be overcome. Implemented smartly,
these devices can provide a new source of information in the ever-changing realm of information warfare, and can significantly
improve the real-time battlespace picture.
DTIC
Armed Forces (United States); Combat; Networks; Warfare; Wireless Communication
20060049276 Naval Research Advisory Committee, Arlington, VA USA

Aging Naval Aircraft Study
Young Jr, John J; Sep 26, 2002; 51 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
No abstract available
Logistics Management; Military Aircraft; Military Aviation

Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program
Bolkcom, Christopher; May 30, 2006; 23 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454339; CRS-RL30685; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454339; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The C-17 Globemaster III is a long-range cargo/transport aircraft operated by the U.S. Air Force since 1993. Congress
approved development of the aircraft in the late 1970s, when it was recognized that the Air Force did not have enough airlift
capability. In 1981, the McDonnell Douglas C-17 emerged as winner of a competition with Boeing and Lockheed to develop
a next-generation aircraft to replace C-130s and C-141s. Full-scale development of the C-17 got underway in 1986, but
technical problems and funding shortfalls delayed the program, leading to slipped schedules and increased costs. Despite those
difficulties, the C-17 has retained broad congressional support and enjoys strong Air Force and Army backing. Defense
officials view the C-17 as essential because of its ability to fly long distances with large payloads yet still use smaller bases
in remote areas.
DTIC
C-17 Aircraft; Transport Aircraft

Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Flying Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue
Bolkcom, Christopher; Jun 5, 2006; 12 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Decisions on the composition of the Air Force aerial refueling fleet were made decades ago, when the primary mission
was to refuel long-range strategic bombers. Modifications have been made to many of these tanker aircraft (KC-135s and
KC-10s) to make them more effective in refueling fighter aircraft. This report, which will be updated, examines the balance
between two different refueling methods in today’s refueling fleet - ‘flying boom’ and ‘hose-and-drogue’
DTIC
Air to Air Refueling; Hoses; Refueling; Towed Bodies
9
Air Force Aerial Refueling
Bolkcom, Christopher; Sep 19, 2005; 7 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454466; CRS-RS20941; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454466; Avail.:
CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Aerial refueling aircraft are key to air operations. The U.S. tanker fleet is large and effective, but old. Modernizing or
replacing the current fleet of tankers presents the Department of Defense (DOD) with difficult choices in terms of desired
capabilities, force structure, and budget. How this fleet will be maintained or replaced, and on what schedule, has proven
controversial. This report will be updated as events warrant.
DTIC
Air to Air Refueling; Refueling

Detection of Explosives on Airline Passengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Commission and Related Issues
Shea, Dana A; Morgan, Daniel; Aug 9, 2006; 7 pp.; In English
CASI: A02, Hardcopy
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the USA, known as the 9/11 Commission, recommended that
Congress and the Transportation Security Administration give priority attention to screening airline passengers for explosives.
The key issue for Congress is balancing the costs of mandating passenger explosives trace detection against other aviation
security needs. Passenger explosives screening technologies have been under development for several years and are now being
deployed in selected airports. Their technical capabilities have not been fully established, and operational and policy issues
have not yet been resolved. Critical factors for implementation in airports include reliability, passenger throughput, and
passenger privacy concerns. Presuming the successful development and deployment of this technology, certification standards,
operational policy, and screening procedures for federal use will need to be established. This topic, which was addressed by
Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458), continues to be of congressional interest in the
109th Congress. This report will not be updated.
DTIC
Airline Operations; Commercial Aircraft; Detection; Explosives; Explosives Detection; Passengers
20060049579 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., San Mateo, CA USA

FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Framework for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Ramachandran, Sowmya; Remolina, Emilio; Fu, Daniel; Jan 2006; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-5317
Report No.(s): AD-A454585; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
The need for rapid and cost-effective development of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) with flexible pedagogical
approaches has led to a demand for authoring tools. The authoring systems developed to date provide a range of options and
flexibility, such as authoring simulations, or authoring tutoring strategies. This paper describes FlexiTrainer, an authoring
framework that enables the rapid creation of pedagogically rich and performance-oriented learning environments with custom
content and tutoring strategies. FlexiTrainer provides tools for specifying the domain knowledge and derives its power from
a visual behavior editor for specifying the dynamic behavior of tutoring agents that interact to deliver instruction. The
FlexiTrainer runtime engine is an agent-based system in which different instructional agents carry out related actions to
achieve instructional goals. FlexiTrainer has been used to develop an ITS for training helicopter pilots in flying skills.
DTIC
Computer Assisted Instruction; Education; Flight Simulation; Flight Training; Knowledge Based Systems; Software
Development Tools
20060049779 Institut de Medecine Aerospatiale du Service, Armees, France

Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Flights: A Human Factors Approach
Hourlier, Sylvain; Meehan, James; Leger, Alain; Roumes, Corinne; Apr 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Auditory Signals; Helmet Mounted Displays; Human Factors Engineering; Pilots; Resources Management; Situational
Awareness; Voice Communication; Workloads (Psychophysiology)
10
20060049829 Swedish Defence Research Establishment, Stockholm, Sweden
Swedish Projects
Borgvall, Jonathan; Lif, Patrik; Dec 1, 2005; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Computerized Simulation; Flight Simulators; Sweden; Virtual Reality
20060050235 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA

National Airspace System Modernization: Observations on Potential Funding Options for FAA and the Next
Generation Airspace System
[2006]; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): GAO-06-1114T; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The transition to the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NGATS) a system intended to safely accommodate a
possible tripling of air traffic by 2025 will become one of the federal government s most comprehensive and technically
complex undertakings, and a preliminary estimate indicates it will also be expensive. However, the current approach to
managing air transportation is becoming increasingly inefficient and operationally obsolete. In 2003, Congress authorized the
creation of the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) to coordinate the efforts of several federal partner agencies
including the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), in which JPDO is housed to plan for and develop NGATS. GAO s
testimony addresses (1) the current estimate and uncertainties over NGATS costs, (2) advantages and concerns that
stakeholders have raised about the current approach to collecting revenues from national airspace users to fund FAA, (3) the
advantages and disadvantages of adopting alternative funding options for FAA, and (4) the advantages and disadvantages of
authorizing FAA to use debt financing for capital projects. This testimony is based in part on GAO s analysis of FAA and JPDO
documents and interviews with officials of those two agencies.
Derived from text
Air Transportation; National Airspace System; Revenue; Civil Aviation
04
AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION
Includes all modes of communication with and between aircraft; air navigation systems (satellite and ground based); and air traffic
control. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft
Communications, Command and Tracking; and 32 Communications and Radar.

Human Factors Considerations for Area Navigation Departure and Arrival Procedures
Barhydt, Richard; Adams, Catherine A.; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English; ICAS 2006 - 25th Congress of the International Council
of the Aeronautical Sciences, 3-8 Sep. 2006, Hamburg, Germany
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 727-01-00; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048293; Avail.: CASI:
A02, Hardcopy
Area navigation (RNAV) procedures are being implemented in the USA and around the world as part of a transition to
a performance-based navigation system. These procedures are providing significant benefits and have also caused some human
factors issues to emerge. Under sponsorship from the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) has undertaken a project to document RNAV-related human factors issues and propose areas
for further consideration. The component focusing on RNAV Departure and Arrival Procedures involved discussions with
expert users, a literature review, and a focused review of the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) database. Issues
were found to include aspects of air traffic control and airline procedures, aircraft systems, and procedure design. Major
findings suggest the need for specific instrument procedure design guidelines that consider the effects of human performance.
Ongoing industry and government activities to address air-ground communication terminology, design improvements, and
chart-database commonality are strongly encouraged. A review of factors contributing to RNAV in-service errors would likely
lead to improved system design and operational performance.
Author
Human Factors Engineering; Air Traffıc Control; Area Navigation; Radio Navigation; Systems Engineering; Human
Performance; Flight Safety
11
An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Control Policies and the Dynamic Service-Time Performance of a Capacity-
Constrained Air Traffic Management Facility
Conway, Sheila R.; [2006]; 8 pp.; In English; ICAS 2006 - 25th Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical
Sciences, 3-8 Sep. 2006, Hamburg, Germany; Original contains color illustrations
A02, Hardcopy
Simple agent-based models may be useful for investigating air traffic control strategies as a precursory screening for more
costly, higher fidelity simulation. Of concern is the ability of the models to capture the essence of the system and provide
insight into system behavior in a timely manner and without breaking the bank. The method is put to the test with the
development of a model to address situations where capacity is overburdened and potential for propagation of the resultant
delay though later flights is possible via flight dependencies. The resultant model includes primitive representations of
principal air traffic system attributes, namely system capacity, demand, airline schedules and strategy, and aircraft capability.
It affords a venue to explore their interdependence in a time-dependent, dynamic system simulation. The scope of the research
question and the carefully-chosen modeling fidelity did allow for the development of an agent-based model in short order. The
model predicted non-linear behavior given certain initial conditions and system control strategies. Additionally, a combination
of the model and dimensionless techniques borrowed from fluid systems was demonstrated that can predict the system s
dynamic behavior across a wide range of parametric settings.
Author
Air Traffıc Control; Dynamic Characteristics; Airline Operations; Schedules; Policies; Time Dependence

Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation System to Track a Landing Aircraft
Crawford, Matthew P; Jun 2006; 127 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453577; AFIT/GAE/ENG/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453577;
With much of the military and civilian communities becoming dependent on GPS technology to navigate it has become
imperative that the navigation systems be tested in situations in which GPS does not work. This testing is especially necessary
for precise tasks such as landing an aircraft. Currently, research is being conducted into using a pseudolite-based reference
system to use as a truth model for the GPS jamming test. Pseudolite systems have been proven to provide sub-centimeter level
accuracy in the horizontal plane; however in the vertical plane the position error is still in the decimeter to meter level range.
This is largely due to the fact that the geometry of a ground based pseudolite system provides poor slant angles in the vertical
plane, which contributes to large positioning errors. The goal of this research is to study the effects of system geometry on
the vertical plane solution. The results of this effort show that elevation angles of greater than 20o-30o are necessary to attain
resonably good positioning solutions. Multiple pseudolite deployments, while effective at reducing the geometry errors, are
very cost ineffective and the geometries pose significant risks to a landing aircraft. The best geometry involved using an
orbiting aircraft, with a pseudolite transmitter and receiver attached, as an elevated pseudolite to create better slant angles and
thus better positioning solutions.
DTIC
Air Navigation; Aircraft Landing; Deployment; Navigation; Radar Tracking
20060049094 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA

Simulation and Performance of Data Communication using AMSS
Ripamonti, Claudio; Konangi, Vijay K.; Kerczewski, Robert J.; [2006]; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white
illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
This paper reports the findings of a simulation of the Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS) to be used in the ATN
(Aeronautical Telecommunications Network). The models of the protocols used in this simulation were designed to be
compliant with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards and Recommended Practices (SARP). The
focus of this research is on the data communication capabilities of the AMSS. The simulated performance characteristics for
a region of the AMSS are presented. The results are analyzed to determine the efficiency, limitations, and behavior of this
service for the foreseen data communication
Author
Aeronautical Satellites; Data Transmission; Simulation; Ground-Air-Ground Communication; Aircraft Communication
12
05
AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
Includes all stages of design of aircraft and aircraft structures and systems. Also includes aircraft testing, performance and evaluation,
and aircraft and flight simulation technology. For related information see also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance and 39
Structural Mechanics. For land transportation vehicles see 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.

A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model
Neuhaus, Jason Richard; Kenney, Patrick Sean; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies
Conference and Exhibit, 21-24 Aug. 2006, Keystone, CO, USA; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 922-07-10
Report No.(s): AIAA Paper 2006-6622; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048494; Avail.: CASI:
A03, Hardcopy
Flight simulation of dynamic atmospheric vehicles with parachute systems is a complex task that is not easily modeled
in many simulation frameworks. In the past, the performance of vehicles with parachutes was analyzed by simulations
dedicated to parachute operations and were generally not used for any other portion of the vehicle flight trajectory. This
approach required multiple simulation resources to completely analyze the performance of the vehicle. Recently, improved
software engineering practices and increased computational power have allowed a single simulation to model the entire flight
profile of a vehicle employing a parachute.
Author
Parachutes; Mathematical Models; Flight Simulation; Software Engineering; Aircraft Design

A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Bays
Schiller, N. H.; Fuller, C. R.; Cabell, R. H.; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; ACTIVE 2006: 6th International Symposium on Active
Noise and Vibration Control, 18-20 Sep. 2006, Adelaide, Australia; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): AIAA Paper a06_032; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This paper presents a numerical investigation of an active structural acoustic control strategy for coupled aircraft-style
bays. While structural coupling can destabilize or limit the performance of some model-based decentralized control systems,
fullycoupled centralized control strategies are impractical for typical aircraft containing several hundred bays. An alternative
is to use classical rate feedback with matched, collocated transducer pairs to achieve active damping. Unfortunately, due to
the conservative nature of this strategy, stability is guaranteed at the expense of achievable noise reduction. Therefore, this
paper describes the development of a combined control strategy using robust active damping in addition to a high-authority
controller based on linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) theory. The combined control system is evaluated on a tensioned,
two-bay model using piezoceramic actuators and ideal point velocity sensors. Transducer placement on the two-bay structure
is discussed, and the advantages of a combined control strategy are presented.
Author
Active Control; General Aviation Aircraft; Bays (Structural Units); Numerical Analysis; Coupling
20060048565 NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA, USA

Making Robot Planes Useful for Scientific Investigation of Earth
Jennison, Chris; January 2006; 23 pp.; In English; ION National Technical Meeting 2006, 18-20 Jan. 2006, Monterey, CA,
USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048565; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This viewgraph slides presentation reviews the program to use unmanned aerial vehicles to gather information to study
the Earth, the changes to the climate, and to protect the Earth. Several robot planes are shown, and cooperative programs with
other agencies of the U.S. Government are highlighted. Including one with the USA Forest Service, that is planned to assist
in locating fires
CASI
Pilotless Aircraft; Research Aircraft; NASA Programs; Earth (Planet)
13
20060048729 Air Combat Command, Langley AFB, VA USA
Final Environmental Assessment for the Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico
Austin, John K; Brown, G M; Cunningham, Maureen; DeVine, Linda; Dischner, Dave; Doering, Bill; Dougherty, Jerry; Druss,
Claudia; Fikel, Michele; Freeman, Kimberly; Sep 2001; 211 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The 27th Fighter Wing (27 FW) at Cannon Air Force Base (AFB) is an integral part of the USA Aerospace Expeditionary
Force (AEF). The AEF concept integrates fighters, bombers, support aircraft, and tactical airlift into one functional unit that
responds rapidly and decisively to potential crises anywhere in the world. Cannon AFB’s F-16 pilots are routinely deployed
to the world’s ‘hot spots’ and subjected to hostile radar and anti-aircraft defenses. The increasing sophistication of enemy
equipment and tactics requires that the 27 FW pilots be trained to instantly respond to these threats. Continued survival
depends on this training. Defensive training involves the rapid response of pilots to threats from opposing radar, reflexive
maneuvering, and dispensing of defensive countermeasures. Defensive countermeasures include chaff that confuses enemy
search radars and radar-guided missiles, and flares that decoy heat-seeking missiles and sensors. The 27 FW, the proponent
of this action, currently conducts training using chaff and flares, but is limited to the restricted airspace associated with the
Melrose Air Force Range (AFR) (R-5104/5105). The 27 FW proposes to conduct defensive training using chaff and flares in
the existing military airspace designated as Pecos Military Operations Area (MOA)/Air Traffic Control Assigned Airspace
(ATCAA), Sumner ATCAA, and Taiban MOA. Chaff use also is proposed for defensive training in the northern portion of
Military Training Routes (MTRs) Visual Routes (VRs)-100/125. Implementation of this proposal would expand defensive
training for F-16 pilots of the 27 FW stationed at Cannon AFB and other transient users. This Defensive Training Initiative
(DTI) Environmental Assessment (EA) has been prepared in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
of 1969. It addresses the 27 FW’s Proposed Action and reasonable alternatives to the Proposed Action.
DTIC
Chaff; Countermeasures; Education; Fighter Aircraft; Guns (Ordnance); Jet Aircraft; Pilot Training; Pilots

An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Deformations for a Homogeneous Beam at Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Angles
McGraw, Robert J; Jun 2006; 106 pp.; In English
The Princeton beam experiments of 1975 were performed in hopes of producing viable data for beam nonlinear elastic
deformation models in hopes of improving helicopter main beam designs. The recorded data, specifically for homogeneous
beams of 7075 aluminum, have been referenced as a baseline for the past thirty years to validate numerous computer models
and theories in an effort to build beams capable of withstanding aeroelastic, static, and dynamic loading. The purpose of this
study is to improve upon the data recorded in 1975 using newer technologies including a laser distance meter, digital
inclinometer, and three-dimensional traverse to test X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis and angular displacements for varying tip loads and
pitch angles. Initial beam deformations due to machining stresses were included in the testing, and the beam was analyzed at
tip loads between zero and four pounds for positive and negative pitch angles in fifteen-degree increments from zero to ninety
degrees. The results were analyzed in numerous comparisons between the different tip loads and pitch angles, and the overall
results were compared with Princeton beam data to ensure their validity. The experimental results showed an improvement
in terms of precision as well as a relatively close correlation with Princeton beam data. There were some displacement
discrepancies, but such differences can be examined in the future. The results can be used for beam vibrational mode and
frequency testing as the beam’s geometry can be reproduced graphically and computer model verifications, allowing for more
precise computer models for homogeneous nonlinear beam displacements.
DTIC
Aeroelasticity; Deformation; Elastic Deformation; Loads (Forces); Nonlinearity; Pitch (Inclination)
20060048954 Congressional Budget Office, Washington, DC USA

The C-17: Costs and Alternatives
Myers, William; Fraider, Victoria; Aug 1993; 45 pp.; In English
The C-17 is an airlift aircraft that is designed to carry all types of cargo over intercontinental distances without refueling.
It has features that other airlift aircraft do not provide, and the Air Force intends to use the C-17 to augment its fleet of C-141s
and C-130s. The C-17 program has had problems almost since its development phase began in 1981. It has had difficulty
14
meeting the three major criteria against which all acquisition programs are judged-cost, schedule, and technical performance.
For example, estimates of the program’s costs have grown by nearly $19 billion, or 47 percent, since its inception, excluding
the effects of changes in both quantity and expected inflation. And future cost growth may be even greater. Acquisition costs
for the program and expected to total about $40 billion, which is close to the original estimate, but that amount will pay for
120 aircraft instead of the original goal of 210. In addition, the program schedule has slipped so that production will end in
2001 instead of 1998 as originally planned.
DTIC
Aircraft; Alternatives; Costs
20060048959 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

Sensor Management for Fighter Applications
Musick, Stanton H; Malhorta, Raj P; Jun 2006; 36 pp.; In English
This report is a summary of research conducted from 1 October 1993 through 30 September 2004 for the project titled
Sensor Management for Fighter Applications (SMFA). This project developed techniques for intelligently allocating the
sensors onboard a modern military aircraft. It focused on information metrics for balancing the needs of detection, tracking
and identification, on a probabilistic representation for assimilating sensed data in a multitarget environment, on machine
learning approaches, and on important applications of these technologies. This report is the final written document for this
project.
DTIC
Artificial Intelligence; Drone Vehicles; Probability Theory; Targets

Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Airfoil
Green, Lawrence L.; Cruz, Josue; [2006]; 8 pp.; In English; 2006 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 10-15 Sep.
2005, Orlando, FO, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 581-02-08-07
Report No.(s): Paper-06F-SIW-010; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049067; Avail.: CASI: A02,
Hardcopy
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) study was performed to quantify the potential uncertainties of lift and pitching moment
coefficient calculations from a computational fluid dynamics code, relative to an experiment, for a jet flap airfoil configuration.
Uncertainties due to a number of factors including grid density, angle of attack and jet flap blowing coefficient were examined.
The ANOVA software produced a numerical model of the input coefficient data, as functions of the selected factors, to a
user-specified order (linear, 2-factor interference, quadratic, or cubic). Residuals between the model and actual data were also
produced at each of the input conditions, and uncertainty confidence intervals (in the form of Least Significant Differences or
LSD) for experimental, computational, and combined experimental / computational data sets were computed. The LSD bars
indicate the smallest resolvable differences in the functional values (lift or pitching moment coefficient) attributable solely to
changes in independent variable, given just the input data points from selected data sets. The software also provided a
collection of diagnostics which evaluate the suitability of the input data set for use within the ANOVA process, and which
examine the behavior of the resultant data, possibly suggesting transformations which should be applied to the data to reduce
the LSD. The results illustrate some of the key features of, and results from, the uncertainty analysis studies, including the
use of both numerical (continuous) and categorical (discrete) factors, the effects of the number and range of the input data
points, and the effects of the number of factors considered simultaneously.
Author
Airfoils; Jet Flaps; Analysis of Variance; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Mathematical Models

An Investigation Into Robust Wind Correction Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots
Robinson, Brent K; Jun 2006; 182 pp.; In English
The research effort focuses on developing methods to design efficient wind correction algorithms to ‘piggyback’ on
15
current off-the-shelf Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) autopilots. Autonomous flight is certainly the near future for the
aerospace industry and there exists great interest in defining a system that can guide and control aircraft with high levels of
accuracy. The primary systems required to command the vehicles are already in place, but with only moderate abilities to
adjust for dynamic environments (i.e. wind effects), if at all. The goal of this research is to develop a systematic procedure
for implementing efficient and robust wind effects corrections to existing autopilots. The research will investigate the
feasibility of an external dynamic environment control algorithm as a means of improving current, off-the-shelf autopilot
technology relating to small UAVs. The research then presents three main focuses. First, a determination of the estimated
winds utilizing the existing, on-board sensors. Second, the development of code that incorporates simple mathematical
principals to counter the 2-Dimensional wind forces acting on the aircraft; and third, the integration of that code into the
on-board navigational system. This ‘piggy-back’ algorithm must assimilate smoothly with the current GPS technologies to
provide acceptable and safe flight path following. The design procedures developed were demonstrated in simulation and with
flight tests on the SiG Rascal 110 UAV. This report builds the framework from which future wind correction research at AFIT
and the ANT Center are based.
DTIC
Algorithms; Automatic Pilots; Commercial Off-the-Shelf Products; Pilotless Aircraft

Slotted Aircraft Wing
Vassberg, John C., Inventor; Gea, Lie-Mine, Inventor; McLean, James D., Inventor; Witowski, David P., Inventor; Krist,
Steven E., Inventor; Campbell, Richard L., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 33 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white
illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 9 Oct. 2002; US-Patent-7,048,228; US-Patent-Appl-SN-678474; US-Patent-Appl-SN-417355;
NASA-Case-LAR-16517-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049149; Avail.: CASI: A03,
Hardcopy
An aircraft wing includes a leading airfoil element and a trailing airfoil element. At least one slot is defined by the wing
during at least one transonic condition of the wing. The slot may either extend spanwise along only a portion of the wingspan,
or it may extend spanwise along the entire wingspan. In either case, the slot allows a portion of the air flowing along the lower
surface of the leading airfoil element to split and flow over the upper surface of the trailing airfoil element so as to achieve
a performance improvement in the transonic condition.
Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Airfoils; Slots; Wings

Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Effects of a Towline Using the Method of Characteristics
Hill, Christopher A; Jun 2006; 136 pp.; In English
The use of decoys in combat has become more advanced in recent years. Some of the newest military aircraft, such as
the US Navy’s F/A-18E/F Superhornet, have the capability to deploy a towline with an attached decoy when entering hostile
territory as a defense mechanism against enemy threats. In steady state, the towline extends behind and below the aircraft. A
major concern is the position of the towline, as aircraft maneuvers can cause the line to enter the engine plume. The high
exhaust heat can cause problems, such as damaging electrical equipment and severing the line. In order to better understand
the behavior of the towline, as well as setting up a method to analyze the heat transfer to the towline, computer modeling has
been utilized using numerical integration with the method of characteristics. The method of characteristics has been applied
to 4 hyperbolic equations of motion, leaving 2 parabolic equations of motion to be calculated at each timestep. The energy
equation for heat transfer to the towline was also derived, which provides a means to find local air density and towline
temperature. From these a model was created to observe towline behavior and temperature, which is shown to be consistent
with past research. This model is applicable to any towed body in any medium with zero slack conditions. The effects of
transient aircraft maneuvers on towline behavior in a predetermined temperature field were analyzed under different conditions
using a code developed in MATLAB. This code is included such that aircraft maneuvers in unique temperature fields can be
analyzed for future research.
DTIC
Cables (Ropes); Decoys; Mathematical Models; Method of Characteristics; Towing
16
Characterization of UAV Performance and Development of a Formation Flight Controller for Multiple Small UAVS
McCarthy, Patrick A; Jun 2006; 164 pp.; In English
The Air Force Institute of Technology’s (AFIT) Advanced Navigation Technology (ANT) Center has recently delved into
the research topic of small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). One area of particular interest is using multiple small UAVs
cooperatively to improve mission efficiency, as well as perform missions that couldn’t be performed using vehicles
independently. However, many of these missions require that the UAVs operate in close proximity of each other. This research
lays the foundation required to use the ANT Center’s UAVs for multi-vehicle missions (e.g. cooperatively) by accomplishing
two major goals. First, it develops test procedures that can be used to characterize the tracking performance of a small UAV
being controlled by a waypoint guided autopilot. This defines the size of the safety zones that must be maintained around each
vehicle to ensure no collisions, assuming no, as yet unspecified, collision avoidance algorithm is being implemented.
Secondly, a formation flight algorithm is developed that can be used to guide UAVs relative to each other using a waypoint
guided autopilot. This is done by dynamically changing the waypoints. Such an approach gives a ‘wrap-around’ method of
cooperatively controlling UAVs that can only be guided waypoint-to-waypoint. For both components of this research, tests
were conducted using a hardware-in-the-loop (HITL) simulation before validating through flight testing. This report, along
with legacy documentation and procedures, furthers the UAV test bed at AFIT and establishes methods for simulating,
visualizing, and flight testing multiple UAVs during formation/cooperative flight.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Flight Control; Formation Flying; Pilotless Aircraft
20060049228 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA

Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should Strengthen Policies for Assessing Technical Data Needs to Support Weapon
Systems
Jul 2006; 51 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453951; GAO-06-839; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453951; Avail.:
CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Army and the Air Force have encountered limitations in their sustainment plans for some fielded weapon systems because
they lacked needed technical data rights. The lack of technical data rights has limited the services flexibility to make changes
to sustainment plans that are aimed at achieving cost savings and meeting legislative requirements regarding depot
maintenance capabilities. During our review we identified seven Army and Air Force weapon system programs where these
military services encountered limitations in implementing revisions to sustainment plans C-17 aircraft, F-22 aircraft, C-130J
aircraft, Up-armored High- Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV), Stryker family of vehicles, Airborne
Warning and Control System (AWACS) aircraft, and M4 carbine. Although the circumstances surrounding each case were
unique, earlier decisions made on technical data rights during system acquisition were cited as a primary reason for the
limitations subsequently encountered. As a result of the limitations encountered due to the lack of technical data rights, the
services had to alter their plans for developing maintenance capability at public depots, new sources of supply to increase
production, or competitive offers for the acquisition of spare parts and components to reduce sustainment costs. For example,
the Air Force identified a need to develop a capability to perform maintenance on the C-17 at government depots but lacked
the requisite technical data rights. Consequently, the Air Force is seeking to form partnerships with C-17 subvendors to
develop its depot maintenance capability. Its efforts to form these partnerships have had mixed results, according to Air Force
officials, because some sub-vendors have declined to provide the needed technical data.
DTIC
Acquisition; AWACS Aircraft; Costs; Fighter Aircraft; Maintenance; Mobility; Policies; Support Systems; Weapon Systems

Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and Border Surveillance
Bolkcom, Christopher; Feb 7, 2005; 7 pp.; In English
CASI: A02, Hardcopy
The use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to improve border security is a technique that has garnered congressional
attention. This report examines the strengths and limitations of deploying UAVs along the northern and southern borders of
the USA and related issues for Congress. The northern border separating the mainland USA and Canada is 4,121 miles long
17
and consists of 430 official and unofficial ports of entry. The expansive nature and the possibility of entry through unpopulated
regions make the border difficult to patrol. In July 2003, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) Commissioner Robert
Bonner announced that an additional 375 border patrol agents would be reassigned to the northern border. This increase
brought the number of border patrol agents to 1,000. Commissioner Bonner also noted that CBP’s border agents had, ‘the front
line responsibility for detecting terrorists and terrorist weapons.’ The southern border separating the USA and Mexico is 2,062
miles long and consists of 30 ports of entry and innumerable unofficial crossings. Unlike the northern border, however, over
10,000 border patrol agents are typically stationed on the southern border. Despite this larger presence, illegal border crossings
and significant drug smuggling activities occur frequently. This report discusses the types of UAVs that could be used in border
security; how UAVs have been used historically; legislation regarding the use of UAVs for homeland security; benefits (e.g.,
precise imagery, loiter capabilities, long flight times, low costs, extended range and endurance), and limitations (e.g., high
accident rate, sensors limited by poor weather, safe integration of UAVs into civilian airspace, and privacy issues) of UAVs;
and issues for Congress.
DTIC
Canada; Drone Vehicles; Pilotless Aircraft; Security; Surveillance; United States
20060049339 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Soesterberg, Netherlands

UAVs and Control Delays
de Vries, S C; Sep 2005; 52 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454251; TNO-DV3-2005-A054; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454251;
UAV’s (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) are remotely controlled. Delays in the datalinks are to be expected, potentially
influencing the performance of the UAV operator. In this study, we examined literature on sources of delay, their effects on
human performance, and potential solutions. Delays turn out in the range of 100 to 1600 ms. A delay of 100 ms usually leads
to measurable degradation of human performance. Delays of about 250-300 ms often lead to unacceptable airplane handling
qualities. Techniques such as filtering and predictive displays may extend the range of acceptable delays up to about 400 ms
or more. Control of UAV sensors is considerably less critical than the UAV itself and compensation techniques will probably
lead to acceptable performance with delays up to 1000 ms. Signal delays will not significantly impede control of the UAV in
the case of line-of-sight connections or while using relay stations on or close to the earth. When geostationary satellites are
used, delays will generally be so high that a UAV operator will generally operate in a supervisory role. Only the control of
the sensors of the UAV, less critical than the control of the vehicle, may be handled directly by an operator.
DTIC
Data Links; Remotely Piloted Vehicles

AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Simulation System
Slear, James N; Jun 13, 2006; 152 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454271; AFIT/GCE/ENG/06-08; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454271;
The purpose of this research is to design and implement a comprehensive mission planning system for swarms of
autonomous aerial vehicles. The system integrates several problem domains including path planning, vehicle routing, and
swarm behavior. The developed system consists of a parallel, multi-objective evolutionary algorithm-based path planner, a
genetic algorithm-based vehicle router, and a parallel UAV swarm simulator. Each of the system’s three primary components
are developed on AFIT’s Beowulf parallel computer clusters. Novel aspects of this research include: integrating terrain
following technology into a swarm model as a means of detection avoidance, combining practical problems of path planning
and routing into a comprehensive mission planning strategy, and the development of a swarm behavior model with path
following capabilities.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Drone Vehicles; Mission Planning; Simulation
20060049365 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA

Decision Analysis to Support Condition-Based Maintenance Plus
Gauthier, Stephen E; Jun 2006; 111 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
18
This thesis provides a stochastic modeling tool to assist in the component selection process for Army Aviation s
Condition-Based Maintenance Plus (CBM+) program. This work is in conjunction with the Operations Research Center of
Excellence (ORCEN) at the USA Military Academy to assist in providing insight for the U.S. Aviation and Missile Command
(AMCOM). The component selected for this thesis is the AH-64/UH-60 T701C Turbine Helicopter Engine. Data analysis of
the failure data indicated that a nonhomogeneous Poisson process appropriately modeled the failure characteristics of this
engine. A Microsoft Excel simulation utilizing Crystal Ball version 5.5 compares an engine monitored by CBM+ versus the
traditional Legacy system of maintenance. This simulation provides information on diagnosed faults, mission aborts, repair
times, false positives, and logistical implications. This simulation is generic and can be used in comparing CBM+ candidate
components for future inclusion into the CBM+ program. Results suggest when considering a component for inclusion in the
CBM+ program important factors to consider are even the smallest false positive rate can invalidate process, large sensor
probability of detection isn t necessary for beneficial results, and by entering a component into the CBM+ the on hand
component requirements can be greatly reduced.
DTIC
Decision Theory; Helicopters; Maintenance; Operations Research; Organizations

Proposed Termination of Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate Engine
Bolkcom, Christopher; Apr 13, 2006; 20 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The Department of Defense s (DOD) FY2007 budget proposes to cancel the F136 alternate engine for the F-35 Joint
Strike Fighter (JSF), a program that was initiated by Congress in the FY1996 Defense Authorization Act, and which has
received consistent congressional support since its inception. In FY1996, defense authorization conferees (H.Rept. 104-450,
Sec. 213) expressed their concern over a lack of engine competition in the JSF program and directed DOD to ensure that the
program provides for adequate engine competition. (p.706)1 In FY1998, authorization conferees (H. Rept. 105-340, Sec. 213)
directed DOD to certify that the Joint Strike Fighter Program contains sufficient funding to carry out an alternate engine
development program that includes flight qualification of an alternate engine in a joint strike fighter airframe. (p.33) Some
have criticized DOD as being penny wise and pound foolish in its proposal to terminate the F136. Critics argue that this
decision appears driven more by immediate budget pressures on the department rather than long term pros and cons of the
F136 program. Others applaud this decision, and say that single source engine production contracts are the norm, not the
exception. Long-term engine affordability, they claim, is best achieved by procuring engines through multiyear contracts from
a single source. Cancelling the F-136 poses questions on operational risk and potential cost and savings. Additional issues
include the potential impact this termination could have on the U.S. defense industrial base, and on U.S. relations with key
allied countries. Finally, eliminating competitive market forces for DOD business worth billions of dollars may concern those
who wish to reform DOD s acquisition system and conform to higher standards of accountability.
DTIC
Aircraft Engines; Fighter Aircraft
20060049425 Creare, Inc., Hanover, NH USA

Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Sound
Dietz, Anthony J; May, B S; Knaus, Darin A; Greeley, Hard P; Apr 1, 2005; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Hardcopy
Bones; Cochlea; Damage; Ear Protectors; Hearing; Jet Aircraft; Noise Pollution; Noise Reduction; Voice Communication

Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-18G Growler Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The F/A-18E/F Super Hornet is the Navy’s highest priority aviation modernization program. It is replacing Navy
19
F/A-18C/D Hornet combat aircraft. The decision to undertake F/A-18E/F Super Hornet program was made during a period
of great turbulence in Navy aviation modernization. During this time frame the Navy struggled to identify and implement the
best way to modernize its aging fleet of F-14 fighters and A-6E attack aircraft. The A-12 program (a stealthy replacement to
the A-6E) was terminated in January 1991. The AFX program, another proposed replacement for the A-6E, began in 1991,
but was also terminated. The principal alternative to the F/A-18E/F was a modest upgrade of the F-14-a large, two-seat fighter
designed in the 1960s, with potential air-to-surface attack capabilities. Some observers describe the F/A-18E/F as an upgraded
and larger version of the F/A-18C/D, with increased range and payload capacity and more space and weight for future
improvements. Others assert that the differences between the baseline Hornet aircraft and the E/F model are so great that they
would describe the Super Hornet as an entirely new aircraft.
DTIC
Electronic Aircraft; Fighter Aircraft; Navy

V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft
Bolkman, Christopher; Aug 4, 2005; 19 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The V-22 Osprey is a tilt-rotor aircraft, capable of vertical or short take off and landing, with forward flight like a
conventional fixed-wing aircraft. The MV-22 is the Marine Corps top aviation priority. Marine Corps leaders believe that the
Osprey will provide them an unprecedented capability to quickly and decisively project power from well over the horizon. The
Air Force s CV-22 version will be used for special operations. Army officials have testified that the service has no requirement
for the V-22, but he Navy has expressed interest in purchasing MV-22s for a variety of missions. The V-22 program has been
under development for over 25 years. Safety and maintenance concerns have arisen during this period (due in large part to
three fatal accidents). The commander of the V-22 maintenance squadron admitted to falsifying maintenance records to make
the aircraft appear more maintainable than it was, and three Marines were found guilty of misconduct. The program has
maintained support from many in Congress despite these deficiencies. The program has undergone restructuring to
accommodate congressional direction, budget constraints, and recommendations from outside experts, and DOD managers.
DTIC
Rotors; Tilt Rotor Aircraft; V-22 Aircraft

Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Personnel
McKinley, Richard L; Bjorn, Valerie S; Hall, John A; Apr 1, 2005; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Auditory Defects; Ear Protectors; Flying Personnel; Hearing; Noise Reduction

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value in Security Operations
Samborowski, Leonard J; Jan 2000; 34 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The ‘Value of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Security Operations’ was the focus of the Sixth Annual James H. Doolittle
Conference, held on 21 April 1999 at the MIT Faculty Club in Cambridge, Massachusetts. General Doolittle, an aviation
pioneer and military hero, received his PhD from MIT in 1925. Since 1993, the Security Studies Program has honored the
innovative spirit of Jimmy Doolittle by hosting a symposium on airpower issues. In attendance at this year’s conference were
representatives from the military, academia, government and industry. The morning panel focused on the Operational Uses of
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The luncheon speaker was Colonel William Knarr who spoke on the Army’s requirements
for UAVs and the process for fielding the systems. The afternoon panel highlighted the Development of Service Operational
Requirements for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. At dinner, LTG Campbell offered anecdotal insights that could be applied to the
UAV procurement process. At the conference, the value of UAVs to security operations was thoroughly briefed and discussed
by a wide range of subject matter experts from the government, military, industry and academia. Conference attendees
20
concluded that technology is not the main obstacle to develop and fielding tactical UAVs. Rather, conflicting organizational
requirements, interservice conflicts and intraservice competition seem to be the primary barriers to the smooth integration of
UAVs into the present day war fighting force. The problems mentioned above must be resolved because the continued use of
UAVs by the military is inevitable. Reduced military funding, in combination with integrated ‘machines’ directed by powerful
microprocessors, electro-optic, radio frequency, power and propulsion technology advances and American discomfort with
casualties all will lead to the increased use of drones.
DTIC
Aircraft; Drone Vehicles; Security
20060049597 Centro de Instruccion de Medicina Aeroespatial, Madrid, Spain

Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Function in Spanish Military Pilots
Lorente, J M; Puente, B; Esteban, B; Rios, F; Vallejo, P; Velasco, C; Apr 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Acuity; Aircraft Noise; Auditory Defects; Auditory Perception; Physiological Effects; Pilots

Global En Route Basing Infrastructure Location Model
Miravite, Jr, Alexander; Schlegel, Charles F; May 2006; 213 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454765; AFIT/IOA/ENS/06-08; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A10, Hardcopy
The backbone of the air transportation system for the US military is the En Route System (ERS), a collection of personnel
and equipment at bases throughout the world. The location of these bases in the ERS bears the marks of the Cold War legacy
of the latter half of the twentieth century. While many changes to the ERS have taken place in the last 20 years, it still has
a predominantly East-West orientation in the Northern Hemisphere with little capability in many parts of the world. This
research provides the decision makers (DMs) with a clear methodology for evaluating the best locations for new en route bases
in the ERS. It looks at the capability of each en route airfield alternative using 27 different measures. It then examines the
National Security Import of the destination regions an en route airfield could service, along with the probability of events in
those regions requiring military action, including humanitarian and other missions. This is accomplished using Value Focused
Thinking (VFT) and decision analysis tools, with the goal of providing insight to the DMs to make informed decisions. This
methodology is then packaged in a powerful Excel-based, user interface, allowing quick analysis of multiple scenarios.
GERBIL is currently being used by TRANSCOM/J5 to prioritize Cooperative Security Locations around the globe for possible
TRANSCOM mobility en route locations.
DTIC
Air Transportation; Decision Making; Position (Location); Routes
20060049734 AM3D A/S, Aalborg, Denmark

Localization Performance of Real and Virtual Sound Sources
Pedersen, Jan A; Jorgensen, Torben; Apr 1, 2005; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Fighter Aircraft; Position (Location); Sound Generators; Virtual Reality
20060049806 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, Australia

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Patrol: Human Factors Issues
Hopcroft, Robyn; Burchat, Eleanore; Vince, Julian; May 2006; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454918; DSTO-GD-0463; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This review of literature outlines the human factors issues associated with the operation of unmanned aerial vehicles
(UAVs). In particular, consideration is given to how these issues might be relevant to the acquisition of highly autonomous,
high altitude long endurance (HALE) UAVs for maritime patrol and response operations. In a highly automated UAV system,
optimal mission performance will require the roles of the operator and the automated system to be complementary. Thus
factors that may inhibit cooperation between the two are addressed and suggestions are made for the mitigation of potential
problems. The discussion then turns to the design of the human-machine interface (HMI), providing information on
21
established. HMI design principles and issues relating to the separation of the operator from the aircraft. The final section
covers the air traffic management procedures for the hand-over of control during flight, data link delays and their impact on
team dynamics, the selection of crew members, and the delineation of roles for UAV crews.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Human Factors Engineering; Patrols; Pilotless Aircraft

A Comparison of Trajectory Determination Approaches for Small UAVs
Evers, Johnny H; Anderson, Murray B; Lopez, Juan L; Sep 2006; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454947; AFRL-MN-EG-TP-2006-7406; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In considering the problem of small unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) surveillance mission in a target rich environment,
it is desirable to follow a trajectory path that maximizes targets coverage and observation time, while minimizing airframe
maneuvering. Motivated by this requirement, this paper investigates the merits of multiple vehicle trajectory path schemes.
Genetic Algorithms (GAs) and local optimum techniques are compared to a more conventional defined-path approach. The
authors also introduce a polygon boundary reflection algorithm (PBRA) and investigate its merits. Given a scenario containing
multiple targets of unknown positions, the GA optimization approach determines the waypoints defining a path that best
satisfies three goals: 1) maximize the number of targets seen, 2) maximize the average observation time for each target, and
3) minimize the SUAV acceleration history. Were the target locations known apriori, this problem could decompose into a
variant of the much-studied traveling salesman problem (TSP). The complication of not knowing the actual target locations
apriori means that the optimization tool must find waypoints that best satisfy the multiple objectives with little actual
knowledge at initiation. Given this additional complexity and the fact that there are multiple objectives that must be
maximized, a GA approach was investigated because it offers the ability to rigorously search for the optimum waypoint
locations while simultaneously examining performance against multiple objectives. The GA software used in the analysis is
IMPROVE (Implicit Multi-objective Parameter Optimization via Evolution). Comparison results of the GA based approaches,
pareto and non-pareto, were investigated and compared with the simple PBRA and the popular Serpentine path approach. The
analysis shows the GA optimization benefits and performance tradeoffs for all the path planning approaches that were studied.
DTIC
Drone Vehicles; Surveillance; Targets; Trajectories

F-22A Raptor
Bolkcom, Christopher; May 24, 2006; 27 pp.; In English
The F-22A Raptor is a next-generation fighter/attack aircraft that features the latest stealth technology to reduce detection
by radar. Using more advanced engines and avionics than the current F-15 Eagle, the F-22A is intended to maintain U.S. Air
Force capabilities against more sophisticated enemy aircraft and air defenses in the 21st century. This report examines the Air
Force’s F-22A Raptor program, including costs and schedule; considers several key issues, and concludes with a synopsis of
recent legislative activity on the program. In 1986, two contractors were selected to build competing prototypes, Lockheed’s
YF-22 and Northrop’s YF-23, which were flight tested in late 1990. In April 1991, the Air Force selected Lockheed’s YF-22
design for full-scale development, now termed System Development and Demonstration (SDD). The aircraft is powered by
Pratt & Whitney’s F119 engine, selected in competition with General Electric’s F120 engine. In December 2005, the Air Force
announced that the 12 F-22 aircraft with the 27th Fighter Squadron, 1st Fighter Wing, Langley Air Force Base, had reached
initial operational capability (IOC). A 185-aircraft program was estimated by the Department of Defense (DOD) in December
2005 to cost about $65.4 billion in actual prior-year and projected out-year expenditures. The Administration’s FY2007 budget
requested $2.6 billion for the F-22A program, and the request to enter into a multiyear procurement (MYP) for the final three
years of production. The F-22A has had strong congressional support, although some have criticized the program on grounds
of cost, requirements, and coordination with other tactical aircraft programs. Deletion of procurement funds in the FY2000
defense appropriation bill passed by the House made the future of the program a major issue for House and Senate conferees
in 1999.
DTIC
Attack Aircraft; Detection; Fighter Aircraft; Jet Aircraft; Radar Equipment; Stealth Technology
22
Slotted Aircraft Wing
McLean, James D., Inventor; Witkowski, David P., Inventor; Campbell, Richard L., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 32 pp.; In
English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 3 Oct. 2003; US-Patent-7,048,235; US-Patent-Appl-SN-678397; US-Patent-Appl-SN-417355;
Hardcopy
A swept aircraft wing includes a leading airfoil element and a trailing airfoil element. At least one full-span slot is defined
by the wing during at least one transonic condition of the wing. The full-span slot allows a portion of the air flowing along
the lower surface of the leading airfoil element to split and flow over the upper surface of the trailing airfoil element so as
to achieve a performance improvement in the transonic condition.
Swept Wings; Airfoils; Slots; Trailing Edges; Leading Edges

Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Potential Implications
Bolkcom, Christopher; Grimmett, Richard F; Kronstadt, K A; Jul 6, 2006; 13 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
On June 28, 2006, the Bush Administration announced its proposal to sell 36 F-16 C/D Block 50/52 Falcon combat
aircraft to Pakistan at an estimated case value of $3 billion. The F-16 Falcon is a single engine multi-role aircraft manufactured
by Lockheed Martin Corp. Its relatively low cost and high versatility make the F-16 one of the most exported fighter aircraft
in the world. The F-16 was first fielded in 1979 and has been upgraded significantly. The capabilities of the F-16 vary greatly
depending on the upgrade or modification fielded. The most modern F-16 flown by the USA is the Block 50/52. Three other
F-16 related sales to Pakistan were also proposed. Some believe that these sales are partly an effort to reward the Pakistani
Government for the role it has played in support of U.S.-led anti-terrorism efforts, and this consideration is noted in the text
of the formal notification of the F-16 sales. Some analysts, however, see the decision to resume F-16 sales to Pakistan as
disruptive of regional stability and efforts to resolve disputes there.
DTIC
Fighter Aircraft; Asia; Combat

Tactical Aircraft Modernization: Issues for Congress
Bolkcom, Christopher; Mar 16, 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This Issue Brief examines DOD’s four largest tactical aircraft modernization programs. The background section provides
a brief description of each program, and a discussion of how tactical aircraft fit into military air operations: the missions they
typically perform and how they contrast to longer-range combat aircraft. The Analysis section examines a number of policy
issues including affordability, capability required, force structure, service roles and missions, industrial base, and
transformation. The paper concludes with a synopsis of recent congressional action on these programs. The Defense
Department plans to buy the F-22 fighter for the Air Force, the F/A-18E/F fighter/attack plane for the Navy, and the V-22
tilt-rotor aircraft for the Marines and Air Force special operations, as well as pursue a joint-service program to develop a
multirole Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) aircraft in three variants, some of which might be operational around 2012.
DTIC
Fighter Aircraft; Military Operations
20060050241 US Army International Technology Center-Atlantic, London, UK

Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005’
Dolch, Stefan; Mar 20, 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W911NF-06-1-0040
Braun has developed during the last 6 years a couple of vertical take off and landing Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) with
3 and 4 rotors. The topic of this report is the Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005, a helicopter designed for the 1st US European
23
MAV Competition at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (Germany) in the year 2005. Quadrocopter Garmisch 2005 is a manually radio
controlled 4-rotor-helicopter. Field tests indicated that the MAV concept of Quadrocopter Garmisch can be used for
surveillance in close-up area. The big advantage of a manually controlled MAV is its variability during the flight. The pilot
can change the flight direction within a second. Visual interpretation of the surrounding by a human being is so far much better
than any automatic image processing.
DTIC
Remotely Piloted Vehicles; Manual Control; Field Tests; Vertical Landing

F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Background, Status, and Issues
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The Defense Department’s F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) is one of three aircraft programs at the center of current debate
over tactical aviation, the others being the Air Force F-22A fighter and the Navy F/A-18E/F fighter/attack plane. In November
1996, the Defense Department selected two major aerospace companies, Boeing and Lockheed Martin, to demonstrate
competing designs for the JSF, a joint service and multi-role fighter/attack plane. On October 26, 2001, the Lockheed Martin
team was selected to develop further and to produce a family of conventional take-off and landing (CTOL), carrier-capable
(CV), and short take-off vertical landing (STOVL) aircraft for the U.S. Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps and the U.K. Royal
Navy as well as other allied services. Originally designated the Joint Advanced Strike Technology (JAST) program, the JSF
program is a major issue in Congress because of concerns about its cost and budgetary impact, effects on the defense industrial
base, and implications for U.S. national security in the early 21st century.
DTIC
Fighter Aircraft; Aircraft Design
06
AVIONICS AND AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
Includes all avionics systems, cockpit and cabin display devices, and flight instruments intended for use in aircraft. For related
information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; 08 Aircraft Stability and Control; 19 Spacecraft Instrumentation and
Astrionics; and 35 Instrumentation and Photography.

New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Weather-Related Accidents
Stough, H. Paul, III; Watson, James F., III; Jarrell, Michael A.; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English; ICAS 2006 - 25th Congress of the
International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences, 3-8 Sep. 2006, Hamburg, Germany; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 23-077-40-10; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048302; Avail.: CASI:
A02, Hardcopy
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has developed technologies to reduce aviation weather-
related accidents. New technologies are presented for data-link and display of weather information to aircraft in flight, for
detection of turbulence ahead of aircraft in flight, and for automated insitu reporting of atmospheric conditions from aircraft.
Author
Flight Conditions; Aviation Meteorology; Cockpit Weather Information Systems; Flight Safety; Weather Forecasting;
Meteorological Services; Meteorology

Turbulence and mountain wave conditions observed with an airborne 2-micron lidar
Teets, Edward H., Jr.; Ashburn, Chris; Ehernberger, Jack; Bogue, Rodney; January 2006; 9 pp.; In English; SPIE Remote
Sensing, Lidar Technologies and Measurement for Atmospheric Remote Sensing II, 11-16 Sep. 2006, Stockholm, Sweden;
Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Joint efforts by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Department of Defense, and industry
partners are enhancing the capability of airborne wind and turbulence detection. The Airborne Coherent Lidar for Advanced
In-Flight Measurements (ACLAIM) was flown on three series of flights to assess its capability over a range of altitudes, air
mass conditions, and gust phenomena. This paper describes the observation of mountain waves and turbulence induced by
24
mountain waves over the Tehachapi and Sierra Nevada mountain ranges (California, USA) by lidar onboard the NASA
Airborne Science DC-8 airplane. The examples in this paper compare lidar-predicted mountain waves and wave-induced
turbulence to subsequent aircraft-measured true airspeed. Airplane acceleration data is presented describing the effects of the
wave-induced turbulence on the DC-8 airplane. Highlights of the lidar-predicted airspeed from the two flights show increases
of 12 meters per second (m/s) at the mountain wave interface and peak-to-peak airspeed changes of 10 m/s and 15 m/s in a
span of 12 seconds in moderate turbulence.
Author
Air Masses; Gusts; Mountains; Aircraft Safety; Clear Air Turbulence; DC 8 Aircraft
20060049122 East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC, USA

Longitudinal Study of the Market Penetration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems
Stough, Harry Paul, III; Sireli, Yesim; Ozan, Erol; Kauffmann, Paul; November 2005; 82 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNL04AA40G; WBS 609866.02.07.07.01; No Copyright; ONLINE:
http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049122; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
The purpose of the longitudinal research of the market penetration of cockpit weather information systems (CWIS) is to
contribute to the body of knowledge on modeling advanced technology feasibility in aviation by tracking and analyzing the
market adoption of CWIS over a three year period. This research takes advantage of a previous study, conducted by Dr. Paul
Kauffmann in 2000, which demonstrated an integrated and cost effective approach to evaluate advanced technology feasibility,
examining the feasibility of CWIS in five market segments: transport, commuter, general aviation, business, and rotorcraft.
The longitudinal research consists of two consecutive studies and produced two reports. The first report was submitted in
August 2003 and included general market analysis about the CWIS products in the market at the time, identified their
characteristics and examined developing market dynamics.
Author
Cockpit Weather Information Systems; Feasibility; General Aviation Aircraft; Commerce; Rotary Wing Aircraft
20060050129 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA

Comparison of Communication Architectures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Systems
Gwaltney, D. A.; Briscoe, J. M.; June 2006; 36 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214431; M-1163; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050129;
This document is a survey of publicly available information concerning serial communication architectures used, or
proposed to be used, in aeronautic and aerospace applications. It focuses on serial communication architectures that are
suitable for low-latency or real-time communication between physically distributed nodes in a system. Candidates for the
study have either extensive deployment in the field, or appear to be viable for near-term deployment. Eleven different serial
communication architectures are considered, and a brief description of each is given with the salient features summarized in
a table in appendix A. This survey is a product of the Propulsion High Impact Avionics Technology (PHIAT) Project at NASA
Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). PHIAT was originally funded under the Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT)
Program to develop avionics technologies for control of next generation reusable rocket engines. After the announcement of
the Space Exploration Initiative, the scope of the project was expanded to include vehicle systems control for human and
robotics missions. As such, a section is included presenting the rationale used for selection of a time-triggered architecture for
implementation of the avionics demonstration hardware developed by the project team
Author
Aerospace Engineering; Avionics; Spacecraft Communication; Modularity; Technology Utilization
07
AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
Includes primary propulsion systems and related systems and components, e.g., gas turbine engines, compressors, and fuel systems;
and onboard auxiliary power plants for aircraft. For related information see also 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; 28 Propellants
and Fuels; and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.
20060048226 Wilton Interpower LLC, San Diego, CA, USA

Commercial and Technical Evaluation of the Application of Gas Turbine Technology in Industrial Plants in Bulgaria
May 2002; 62 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-114684; TDA-2000-70055B; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
25
This study examines the technical, economic, and financial aspects of small to medium-scale combined heat and power
plants that are powered by gas turbines to supply thermal and electrical energy to industrial and municipal organizations in
Bulgaria. Experience in the USA and, most recently in Poland, demonstrates that conversion of existing inefficient and
polluting power plants to gas turbine-based combined heat and power promises to bring economic and environmental benefits
to the industrial and municipal sectors. Gas turbines suit Bulgaria’s needs technically, economically, and environmentally as
an alternative to existing applications. Gas-fired turbines run more cleanly and efficiently, with lower operating and
maintenance costs, compared to the coal-fired boiler houses throughout the country.
NTIS
Bulgaria; Gas Turbines; Industrial Plants

Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Flow Path and Sampling System
Wey, Thomas; Liu, Nan-Suey; September 2006; 61 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 984754.02.07.03.06.01
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214397; E-15676; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049127;
The development and application of a multi-dimensional capability for modeling and simulation of aviation-sourced
particle emissions and their precursors are elucidated. Current focus is on the role of the flow and thermal environments. The
cases investigated include a film cooled turbine blade, the first-stage of a high-pressure turbine, the sampling probes, the
sampling lines, and a pressure reduction chamber.
Author
Systems Engineering; Combustion Chambers; Aerosols; High Pressure; Turbine Blades; Thermal Environments; Fluid
Mechanics; Thermodynamics

Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correlations in Jets
Bridges, James; September 2006; 23 pp.; In English; 12th Aeroacoustics Conference, 8-10 May 2006, Cambridge, MA, USA;
Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214381; AIAA Paper 2006-2534; E-15659; No Copyright; ONLINE:
Measurements of space-time correlations of velocity, acquired in jets from acoustic Mach number 0.5 to 1.5 and static
temperature ratios up to 2.7 are presented and analyzed. Previous reports of these experiments concentrated on the
experimental technique and on validating the data. In the present paper the dataset is analyzed to address the question of how
space-time correlations of velocity are different in cold and hot jets. The analysis shows that turbulent kinetic energy
intensities, lengthscales, and timescales are impacted by the addition of heat, but by relatively small amounts. This contradicts
the models and assumptions of recent aeroacoustic theory trying to predict the noise of hot jets. Once the change in jet
potential core length has been factored out, most one- and two-point statistics collapse for all hot and cold jets.
Author
Aeroacoustics; Jet Flow; Turbulence; Kinetic Energy; Temperature Effects; Subsonic Speed

Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spherical Projectiles of Various Materials
Choi, Sung R.; Racz, Zsolt; Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.; Brewer, David N.; September 2006; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214330; E-15563; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Assessments of foreign object damage (FOD) of a commercial, gas-turbine grade, in situ toughened silicon nitride
ceramic (AS800, Honeywell Ceramics Components) were made using four different projectile materials at ambient
temperature. AS800 flexure target specimens rigidly supported were impacted at their centers in a velocity range from 50 to
450 m/s by spherical projectiles with a diameter of 1.59 mm. Four different projectile materials were used including hardened
steel, annealed steel, silicon nitride ceramic, and brass. Post-impact strength of each target specimen impacted was determined
as a function of impact velocity to appraise the severity of local impact damage. For a given impact velocity, the degree of
26
strength degradation was greatest for ceramic balls, least for brass balls, and intermediate for annealed and hardened steel
balls. For steel balls, hardened projectiles yielded more significant impact damage than annealed counterparts. The most
important material parameter affecting FOD was identified as hardness of projectiles. Impact load as a function of impact
velocity was quasi-statically estimated based on both impact and static indentation associated data.
Author
Foreign Bodies; Damage Assessment; Impact Damage; Projectiles; Silicon Nitrides; Ceramics; Impact Velocity; Impact
Loads

Propagation of Detonation Waves in Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Tube
Rolling, August J; King, Paul I; Schauer, Fred R; Jul 2002; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A Pulse Detonation Engine (PDE) combusts a fuel air mixture through detonation. Existing designs require spark plugs
in each separate thrust tube to ignite premixed reactants. A single thrust tube could require the spark plug to fire hundreds of
times per second for long durations. This paper reports on the use of a continuously propagating detonation wave as both a
thrust producer and a single ignition source for a multi-tube system. The goal was to minimize ignition complexity and
increase reliability by limiting the number of ignition sources. The work includes a systematic investigation of single tube
geometric effects on detonations. These results were subsequently used to further examine conditions for splitting detonations
i.e. the division of a detonation wave into two separate detonation waves. Einally a dual thrust tube system was built and tested
that successfully employed a single spark to initiate detonation in separate thrust tubes.
DTIC
Detonation Waves; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines; Wave Propagation

Experimental Study of Deflagration-to-Detonation Enhancement Techniques in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation Engine
Meyer, T R; Hoke, J L; Brown, M S; Gord, J R; Schauer, F R; Jan 2002; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Experiments are performed on a number of deflagration-to-detonation (DDT) enhancement techniques for use in a H2/Air
pulsed-detonation engine (PDE). The mechanism, speed and location of DDT for three configurations are considered,
including a Shehelkin spiral, an extended cavity/spiral and a co-annulus. High speed digital imaging is used to track flame
propagation. and simultaneous time-correlated pressure traces are used to record progress of the shock structure. It is found
that DDT is initiated primarily through local explosions that are highly dependent on the particular geometry. In addition to
various geometries. The effect of equivalence ratio and spark timing are also investigated.
DTIC
Augmentation; Deflagration; Detonation; Hydrogen; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines

Initiation of Detonation in a Large Tube
Katta, Viswanath; Tucker, Colin; Hoke, John; Schauer, Fredric; Jan 2003; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Hardcopy
One of the important design criteria in the development of Pulse Detonation Engines (PDEs) is to stabilize detonation in
a large-diameter tube in the shortest possible distance. The initial shock train emanating from the ignition source plays an
important role in transitioning the deflagration wave into a detonation. To sustain such transition in a large diameter tube.
innovative methods and strategies are required. An experimental-numerical investigation is conducted to understand the role
of a contoured body suspended within the tube for enhancing detonation transition. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
code based on flux corrected transport is used for the simuation of the fate of the twvo-dimensional detonation wave formed
from the ignition source and expanded through the gap benveen the centerbody and the channel walls. It is found that the
reflection of transverse waves at the walls and their collision near the leading shock front are critical in sustaining a detonation
27
wave during expansion. The shock-wall and shock-shock interactions are enhanced by the centerbody. Simuations further
suggested that the effectiveness of the inserted centerbody strongly depends on its length.
DTIC
Computational Fluid Dynamics; Detonation; Initiation; Pulsejet Engines

Integration of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With an Ejector Pump and With a Turbo-Charger as Methods to
Self-Aspirate
Hoke, John; Bradley, Royce; Stutrud, Jeff; Schauer, Fred; Jan 2002; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Two methods, an ejector pump and a turbo-charger, are evaluated as a means to self-aspirate a Pulsed Detonation Engine
(PDE). For the experiments pertaining to the ejector pump, a pulsed detonation engine is run on hydrogen and air at
frequencies up to 40 Hz. equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1.0, and fill fractions from 0.25 to 1.0. Flow visualization is used to
determine the combination of fill fraction and equivalence ratio that successfully induced a secondary flow in the ejector pump.
Pressure traces at the inlet and along the ejector pump are used to understand the performance of the ejector pump. The
induced secondary flow is found to be approximately triple the primary detonation flow. Fill fraction and equivalence ratio are
found to affect the performance of thee ejector. High fill fractions and high equivalence ratios results in an oscillatory flow
at the ejector inlet. Hydrogen and air are used as the frtel and oxidizer during the experiment with the turbo-charger also. Air
flow and pressure at the exit of the compressor are used to evaluate the potential for self-aspirating the PDE. By fltnning two
detonation fltbes simultaneously though the turbo-charger self-aspiration is achieved. The centrifugal style turbine and
compressor of the turbo-charger showed no signs of discoloration or pitting after a 25 minute self-aspiration run where the
detonation tube and turbo-charger attained thermal equilibrium. Throughout the course of the testing the turbine experienced
35 K plus detonation events and reached a rotational operating speed of 80 K rpm.
DTIC
Ejectors; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines

Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management in a Pulsed Detonation Engine
Hoke, John; Bradley, Royce; Schauer, Frederick; Jan 2003; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
CASI: A02, Hardcopy
The unsteady nature of the Pulsed Detonation Engine (PDE) cycle creates a thermal environment fundamentally different
from steady flow cycles. Gas velocities in a detonation tube range from O(-1) to O(1000) within a single cycle. This broad
range of velocities and flow reversal make it difficult to determine analytically the contribution to the beat load from the
purging filling detonating and blow down portions of the cycle. In this paper the overall heat load on a detonation tube is
measured calorimetrically in an aluminum water-cooled detonation tube. The effects of operating parameters such as fill
fraction purge fraction ignition delay equivalence ratio and cycle frequency are examined. Equivalence ratio and cycle
frequency are found to have the largest effect on detonator tube heat load.
DTIC
Heat Transfer; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines; Temperature Control; Unsteady Flow

Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation Engine With a Turbine
Schauer, Fred; Bradley, Royce; Hoke, John; Jan 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
CASI: A02, Hardcopy
An evaluation of a pulsed detonation engine (PDE) blowing down through a turbine is presented.
DTIC
Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines; Turbines
28
Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branching in a Pulse Detonation Engine
Panzenhagen, Kristin L; King, Paul I; Tucker, K C; Schauer, Fred R; Jan 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Pulse detonation engines operate on a fill-detonate-exhaust cycle with thrust directly proportional to the cycle frequency.
That is, a decrease in cycle time results in increased thrust. This paper shows that the detonate portion of the cycle can he
shortened by using a branched detonation as the ignition source as opposed to a spark plug type of ignition. The combustion
energy from a branched detonation allows ignition and deflagration-to-detonation transition to occur more quickly, shortening
overall cycle time. Further, while detonation branching has been previously accomplished using gaseous hydrogen fuel, this
paper reports the first application of detonation branching using liquid hydrocarbon fuel. For this application, a pressurized
heating system was designed to vaporize the fuel and mix it with an airstream to stoichiometric conditions.
DTIC
Detonation; Detonation Waves; Hydrocarbons; Pulse Detonation Engines; Pulsejet Engines

Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Turbine
Hathaway, Michael D., Inventor; Strazisar, Anthony J., Inventor; Suder, Kenneth L., Inventor; July 11, 2006; 23 pp.; In
Patent Info.: Filed 8 Oct. 2002; US-Patent-7,074,006; US-Patent-Appl-SN-10267884; NASA-Case-LEW-17176-1; No
Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050050; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
An endwall treatment for a gas turbine engine having at least one rotor blade extending from a rotatable hub and a casing
circumferentially surrounding the rotor and the hub, the endwall treatment including, an inlet formed in an endwall of the gas
turbine engine adapted to ingest fluid from a region of a higher-pressure fluid, an outlet formed in the endwall and located in
a region of lower pressure than the inlet, wherein the inlet and the outlet are in a fluid communication with each other, the
outlet being adapted to inject the fluid from the inlet in the region of lower pressure, and wherein the outlet is at least partially
circumferentially offset relative to the inlet.
Gas Turbine Engines; Gas Turbines; Hubs; Rotors

Data Analysis and Compression Techniques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experiments
Parker, Jason; Schauer, Fred; Jan 2003; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Pulsed detonation engines have the potential to provide thrust over a wide operating range for a fraction of the cost of
conventional turbine engines. These promised returns have given rise to several vigorous research programs in academia,
industry, and government labs. To capture the uhra-fast events composing a detonation wave. researchers are forced to use
megahenz range data acquisition systems for relatively long testing intervals. producing gigabytes of purely numeric test data.
Since human inspection of such enormous data sets is virtually impossible, a computational framework of highly automated
analysis tools is necessary to facilitate the interpretation and analysis of pulsed detonation engine experiments.
DTIC
Pulsejet Engines; Data Processing; Pulse Detonation Engines
20060050201 Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd., Guildford, UK

Micro-Chemical Monopropellant Thruster
Barley, Sarah; Feb 2006; 67 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-04-1-3022
Hardcopy
This report summarises the work completed under EOARD contract 043022 Micro-Chemical Monopropellant Thruster.
The research was carried out at the Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey and the testing was conducted at the Surrey
Satellite Technology Ltd Propulsion Test Site, Westcott, Bucks. The need to extend the on-orbit capabilities of nanosatellites
29
has led to the requirement for a miniaturised propulsion system. The mass, power and volume constraints placed on this system
by the host nanosatellite platform lead to the selection of a chemical propulsion system. In order to optimize the thrust
available and minimise complexity a monopropellant system is a favorable solution. The research has considered the
miniaturisation of two key components of a monopropellant thruster: the decomposition chamber and the nozzle. The focus
was the extent of miniaturisation that was possible, while maintaining the use of a conventional approach in terms of
manufacture and testing. Hydrogen peroxide was selected as the propellant due to its favorable handling characteristics and
previous use at the Surrey Space Centre. The geometry and morphology of a decomposition chamber are critical to the overall
performance of the thruster. As the magnitude of thrust generated by the thruster reduces, the mass flow rate of propellant
reduces together with the associated dimensions of the complete system. Empirical guidelines exist for the design of a
decomposition chamber for a thruster of conventional size, however it is uncertain as to whether these remain applicable at
thrust levels below 1 N. Two different catalyst morphologies were considered in decomposition chambers of various diameter
and length. A manganese oxide catalyst, supported on a high density alumina foam was used to assess the performance of a
monolithic catalyst bed and a silver powder was used to investigate the performance of a compressed powder catalyst bed.
DTIC
Monopropellants; Thrustors
08
AIRCRAFT STABILITY AND CONTROL
Includes flight dynamics, aircraft handling qualities, piloting, flight controls, and autopilots. For related information see also 05 Aircraft
Design, Testing and Performance; and 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation.

Progress Toward a Format Standard for Flight Dynamics Models
Jackson, E. Bruce; Hildreth, Bruce L.; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English; 2006 Fall Simulation Interoperability Workshop, 10-15
Sept. 2006, Orlando, FL, USA; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 984754.02.07.07; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
In the beginning, there was FORTRAN, and it was... not so good. But it was universal, and all flight simulator equations
of motion were coded with it. Then came ACSL, C, Ada, C++, C#, Java, FORTRAN-90, Matlab/Simulink, and a number of
other programming languages. Since the halcyon punch card days of 1968, models of aircraft flight dynamics have proliferated
in training devices, desktop engineering and development computers, and control design textbooks. With the rise of industry
teaming and increased reliance on simulation for procurement decisions, aircraft and missile simulation models are created,
updated, and exchanged with increasing frequency. However, there is no real lingua franca to facilitate the exchange of models
from one simulation user to another. The current state-of-the-art is such that several staff-months if not staff-years are required
to ‘rehost’ each release of a flight dynamics model from one simulation environment to another one. If a standard data package
or exchange format were to be universally adopted, the cost and time of sharing and updating aerodynamics, control laws,
mass and inertia, and other flight dynamic components of the equations of motion of an aircraft or spacecraft simulation could
be drastically reduced. A 2002 paper estimated over $ 6 million in savings could be realized for one military aircraft type alone.
This paper describes the efforts of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) to develop a standard flight
dynamic model exchange standard based on XML and HDF-5 data formats.
Author
Flight Simulators; Dynamic Models; Control Theory; Standards

Energy Index For Aircraft Maneuvers
Chidester, Thomas R., Inventor; Lynch, Robert E., Inventor; Lawrence, Robert E., Inventor; Amidan, Brett G., Inventor;
Ferryman, Thomas A., Inventor; Drew, Douglas A., Inventor; Ainsworth, Robert J., Inventor; Prothero, Gary L., Inventor;
Romanowski, Tomothy P., Inventor; Bloch, Laurent, Inventor; July 11, 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains black and
white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 22 Sept. 2004; US-Patent-7,075,457; US-Patent-Appl-SN-956523; NASA-Case-ARC-15356-1; No
Method and system for analyzing, separately or in combination, kinetic energy and potential energy and/or their time
derivatives, measured or estimated or computed, for an aircraft in approach phase or in takeoff phase, to determine if the
aircraft is or will be put in an anomalous configuration in order to join a stable approach path or takeoff path. A 3 reference
30
value of kinetic energy andor potential energy (or time derivatives thereof) is provided, and a comparison index .for the
estimated energy and reference energy is computed and compared with a normal range of index values for a corresponding
aircraft maneuver. If the computed energy index lies outside the normal index range, this phase of the aircraft is identified as
anomalous, non-normal or potentially unstable.
Aircraft Maneuvers; Estimating; Takeoff; Derivation; Kinetic Energy; Potential Energy

Development and Flight Testing of a Neural Network Based Flight Control System on the NF-15B Aircraft
Bomben, Craig R.; Smolka, James W.; Bosworth, John T.; Silliams-Hayes, Peggy S.; Burken, John J.; Larson, Richard R.;
Buschbacher, Mark J.; Maliska, Heather A.; January 2006; 33 pp.; In English; SETP 50th Symposium & Banquet, 27-30 Sept.
2006, Anaheim, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE:
The Intelligent Flight Control System (IFCS) project at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards AFB, CA,
has been investigating the use of neural network based adaptive control on a unique NF-15B test aircraft. The IFCS neural
network is a software processor that stores measured aircraft response information to dynamically alter flight control gains.
In 2006, the neural network was engaged and allowed to learn in real time to dynamically alter the aircraft handling qualities
characteristics in the presence of actual aerodynamic failure conditions injected into the aircraft through the flight control
system. The use of neural network and similar adaptive technologies in the design of highly fault and damage tolerant flight
control systems shows promise in making future aircraft far more survivable than current technology allows. This paper will
present the results of the IFCS flight test program conducted at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center in 2006, with
emphasis on challenges encountered and lessons learned.
Derived from text
Flight Control; Neural Nets; Aircraft Control; Controllability; Fault Tolerance; Real Time Operation
20060049741 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USA

Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of-Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Control
Abed, Eyad H; Lee, Hsien-Chiarn; Jan 1990; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR-88-03012
Report No.(s): AD-A454843; SRC-TR-90-28; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
We consider the problem of designing stabilizing control laws for flight over a broad range of angles-of-attack which also
serve to signal the pilot of impending stall. The paper employs bifurcation stabilization coupled with more traditional linear
control system design. To focus the discussion, a detailed analysis is given for a model of the longitudinal dynamics of an F-8
Crusader.
DTIC
Aerodynamics; Angle of Attack; Control Theory; Flight Control; Nonlinearity

Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflection and Force/Moment Generation
Englar, Robert J., Inventor; Bushnell, Dennis M., Inventor; September 12, 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains black
and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 14 Jun. 2004; US-Patent-7,104,498; US-Patent-Appl-SN-867114; NASA-Case-LAR-16496-1;
US-Patent-Appl-SN-478186; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050056; Avail.: CASI: A02,
Hardcopy
An aircraft comprising a Channel Wing having blown c h - ne1 circulation control wings (CCW) for various functions.
The blown channel CCW includes a channel that has a rounded or near-round trailing edge. The channel further has a
trailing-edge slot that is adjacent to the rounded trailing edge of the channel. The trailing-edge slot has an inlet connected to
a source of pressurized air and is capable of tangentially discharging pressurized air over the rounded trailing edge. The aircraft
further has a propeller that is located in the channel and ahead of the rounded trailing edge of the channel. The propeller
provides a propeller thrust exhaust stream across the channel wing to propel the aircraft through the air and to provide high
lift. The pressurized air being discharged over the rounded trailing edge provides a high lift that is obtained independent of
an aircraft angle of attack, thus preventing the asymmetry. separated flow, and stall experienced by the CC wing at the high
angle of attack it required for high lift generation. The aircraft can further include blown outboard circulation control wings
31
(CCW) that are synergistically connected to the blown channel CCWs. The blown outboard CCWs provide additional high
lift, control thrust/drag interchange, and can provide all three aerodynamic moments when differential blowing is applied
front-to-rear or left-to-right. Both the blown channel CCW and the outboard CCW also have leading-edge blowing slots to
prevent flow separation or to provide aerodynamic moments for control.
Trailing Edges; Channel Wings; Thrust; Leading Edges; Slots; Propellers; Exhaust Gases; Gas Streams; Boundary Layer
Separation; Angle of Attack
09
RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)
Includes airports, runways, hangars, and aircraft repair and overhaul facilities; wind tunnels, water tunnels, and shock tubes; flight
simulators; and aircraft engine test stands. Also includes airport ground equipment and systems. For airport ground operations see 03
Air Transportation and Safety. For astronautical facilities see 14 Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space).

Contract Management: Service Contract Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training Has Room for Improvement
Sep. 2006; 50 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2007-100162; GAO-06-830; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The Air Force has turned to service contracts for the F-15C, F-16, Airborne Warning and Control System, and F-15E, and
the Army has done the same for helicopter simulator training at its Flight School XXI. The contractors own, operate, and
maintain the simulator hardware and software. The military services rely on industry to capitalize the required up-front
investment, with the understanding that the contractors will amortize this investment by selling training services by the hour.
GAO was asked to address (1) the factors that led the Air Force and Army to acquire simulator training as a service and
whether the decision to use this approach was adequately supported; (2) whether implementation of the approach has resulted
in the planned number of simulator training sites being activated; and (3) whether the Air Force and Army are effectively
tracking the return on their expenditure of taxpayer dollars. GAO makes recommendations to the Secretary of Defense
intended to improve management and oversight of these service contracts to help ensure that the best approach is used to
provide the war-fighter with needed training. In written comments on a draft of this report, DOD concurred with all but one
of the recommendations, only partially concurring with one pertaining to the Army’s simulator utilization rates. GAO
continues to believe that the Army needs to track the extent to which it is using simulator availability.
NTIS
Contract Management; Flight Simulators; Services; Training Simulators
12
ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to space flight and manned and unmanned space vehicles, platforms or objects launched into,
or assembled in, outer space; and related components and equipment. Also includes manufacturing and maintenance of such vehicles
or platforms. For specific topics in astronautics see categories 13 through 20. For extraterrestrial exploration see 91 Lunar and Planetary
Science and Exploration.
20060048913 Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA USA

Manufacture and Experimental Analysis of a Concentrated Strain Based Deployable Truss Structure
Mejia-Ariza, Juan M; Murphey, Thomas W; Pollard, Eric L; May 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453559; AIAA-2006-1686; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
A truss structure was built and tested to advance deployable structures technology based on the concentrated strain
approach. In 3rd order hierarchy systems, this architecture has the potential to provide a 10 fold improvement in mass
efficiency, and demonstrate a linear compaction ratio that is five times better than current technology. A 101.6 cm x 12.7 cm
x 12.7 cm test article was fabricated, and a buckling test and analysis was performed. The total mass of the deployable truss
structure was 28 grams. This structure was constructed of piecewise constant cross section elements. One of the components
consisted of high modulus pull-truded carbon fiber rods (CFRs) for the majority of the length. The other components were
compliant flexure joints made of Nitinol NiTi, a shape memory alloy (SMA) capable of a repeatable superelastic strain of 5.0%
at either boundary. The results of this research provide a contribution to the deployable structures science by improving the
32
compaction ratio and the mass efficiency of deployable structures without decreasing the truss performance limits.
DTIC
Aerospace Engineering; Shape Memory Alloys; Trusses
20060049140 Air Force Research Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM USA

Innovative Concepts for SSA Applications
Huang, D H; Cardimona, D A; Apostolova, T; Alsing, P M; Glass, W; Castillo, C D; Jan 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original
contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453526; AFRL-VS-PS-TP-2006-102; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453526;
In the Advanced Detectors Research Group of the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Space Vehicles Directorate, we
explore innovative ways to enhance existing detector technologies and to develop new detector capabilities for future
space-based missions, such as space sensing and situational awareness. Space-based sensing needs will be met with the
employment of state-of-the-art optoelectronic and photonic techniques that yield high sensitivity, reconfigurable options, high
speed, light weight, low power, and radiation hardness. We present some ideas we are presently exploring that address these
aspects: (1) amplification or enhancement of weak signals, (2) continuous tuning of the peak wavelength of a detector response
by applying an electric field, and (3) monolithic solid-state cooling of a detector using optical refrigeration.
DTIC
Detectors; Research and Development; Military Technology
20060049143 McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec Canada

Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Issues and Solutions
Taylor, Michael W; Aug 2006; 121 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
This thesis examines the current technological and legal issues concerning orbital debris (space debris). The unique
physical characteristics of the space environment are identified and explained. The thesis then explores the causes of orbital
debris and examines the risk posed by debris to the most frequently used orbital areas. Significant environmental, legal,
political, and economic consequences of orbital debris are described. The current technical and legal controls on the creation
of debris are discussed and evaluated. Finally, proposed solutions are considered and critiqued. The thesis concludes with a
non-binding treaty-based proposal for a new legal debris control regime that can encourage compliance and enhance
accountability.
DTIC
Debris; Space Debris; Aerospace Environments; Risk
20060049380 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA

Globalness: Toward a Space Power Theory
Fredriksson, Brian E; Jun 2006; 77 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The purpose of this thesis is to take the first steps toward a military space power theory. It begins by answering the
following question: Why does the U.S. military need a space power theory? The USA or any military space-faring nation needs
a theory because space power is more than simply a force enhancer, It is a separate and unique form of military power with
the capacity to deter and compel. An analysis of the fundamental attributes of military power -- identified here as presence,
perspective, response, and destructive capability -- demonstrates the unique advantages and disadvantages of space vis-a-vis
land, sea, and airpower. A unifying principle of ‘globalness’ links the laws, rules, and precepts of a prototype theory based on
space power’s unique capabilities. The space power theory provides a common vision that allows a space-faring nation to take
full advantage of these unique capabilities.
DTIC
Aerospace Engineering; Space Weapons
33
20060049448 International Photonics Consultant, Albuquerque, NM USA
Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Photonics for Space Applications
Taylor, E W; Nichter, J; Nash, F; Haas, F; Szep, A A; Craig, D; Le, D; Fetterman, H R; Castaneda, C; Barto, R; Aug 2006;
9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Empirical data regarding the radiation induced responses of Mach Zehnder interferometric electro-optic polymer based
modulators (PBMs) operating at 1310 and 1550 nm and broadband InP quantum dot (QD) polymer photodetectors (PPDs)
operating into the near infrared (NIR) are reported. Modulators composed of spun-on materials and hybrid electostatically self
assembled (ESA) and spun-on NLO materials are examined for changes to their half-wave voltage and insertion losses. Pre-
and post- irradiation responses of ESA grown polymer detectors using InP QDs are examined for photovoltage degradation
and aging effects. The data indicates an excellent potential for developing polymer based photonic (PBP) devices with
increased radiation resistance suitable for transition to photonic space applications.
DTIC
Aerospace Environments; Photonics; Polymers; Radiation Tolerance; Technology Utilization

National Security Space Policy in the U.S. and Europe. Trends and Choices
Gholz, Eugene; Sabathier, Vincent; Sapolsky, Harvey; Oct 2002; 42 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Since the end of the Cold War, the availability of new technologies and changes in the national security environment have
raised the possibility of substantial new demand for military space systems. Trends in technology, military operations, politics,
and economics highlight several possible trajectories for national security space policy. Decisionmakers in the USA and in
Europe are preparing today to make key choices about military doctrine, resource investments, and the policy goals that
leaders hope to achieve using military operations that rely on space assets. The wish-list for new space systems includes
improved intelligence-gathering satellites, navigation satellites to enable precision strike against fixed and mobile targets, and
communications satellites to allow decentralized forces to share access to information and coordinate operations in a complex
environment. Both the U.S. and European governments may find it useful to cooperate on national security space policy.
Forming coalitions for military action should have substantial political and financial benefits, but recent attempts at
cooperative operations have been hampered by the failure to coordinate equipment investments in the past. In addition to the
well-publicized lack of communications interoperability, coalition forces also discovered that they had a surplus of some types
of equipment while other low density, high demand systems were unavailable. The economic needs of the space industry also
play an important role in the future trajectory of national security space policy. Space systems contractors are losing money
in the wake of their fixed investment in capacity in the expansive 1990s. Trans-Atlantic coordination among government
buyers might reduce the risk of future overcapacity, if coordination helps to eliminate redundancy among programs.
DTIC
Aerospace Systems; Communication Satellites; Europe; Navigation Satellites; Security; Space Law; Trends

Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Gravitational Field
Wang, Li-Sheng; Maddocks, J H; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1991; 39 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-URI-87-0073; AFOSR-89-0376
In recent work, the exact dynamic equations for the motion of a finite rigid body in a central gravitational field were shown
to be of Hamiltonian form with a noncanonical structure. In this paper, the notion of relative equilibrium is introduced, based
upon this exact model. In relative equilibrium, the orbit of the center of mass of the rigid body is a circle, but the center of
attraction may or may not lie at the center of the orbit. This feature is used to classify great-circle and non-great-circle orbits.
The existence of non-great-circle relative equilibria for the exact model is proved from various variational principles. While
the orbital offset of the non-great-circle solutions is necessarily small, a numerical study reveals that there can be significant
changes in orientation away from the classic Lagrange relative equilibria, which are solutions of an approximate model.
DTIC
Artificial Satellites; Circular Orbits; Equations of Motion; Gravitational Fields; Great Circles; Rigid Structures
34
20060049862 L’Garde, Inc., Tustin, CA USA
A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Comparison with Conventional Systems
Vendura, Jr , George J; Malone, Patrick; Crawford, Larry; Jan 2006; 6 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454994; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
A novel, lightweight solar panel design is described that incorporates the best features from three separate areas of
development: (1) advanced solar cells; (2) light weight, flexible blanket technology; and (3) deployment by inflation. In this
study, inflation-deployed panels of various powers incorporating four different types of low mass solar cells are investigated
with respect to conventional systems. Depending on panel size and cell type, five-fold and three-fold improvements in specific
powers (W/kg) can be realized compared to present state-of-the-art rigid and flexible systems, respectively. There are
numerous advantages to such an inflatable deployment system. Besides lower weight and increased power, the technique is
low in cost and reliable. The system has a minimum of complex parts and stows efficiently. Most importantly, both concept
and materials have been proven in space. In this study, systems in the 0.3 to 5.0 kW range combining the best elements of
cell, blanket, and deployment technologies are designed and analyzed for both low earth (LEO) and geosynchronous (GEO)
environments. Results in terms of specific power are compared to flexible arrays involving BI-STEM and astromast
deployment as well as to a typical rigid panel, latch, and spring deployed, such as DSCS III.
DTIC
Aerospace Engineering; Arrays; Inflatable Structures; Panels; Solar Arrays; Solar Cells; Toruses
13
ASTRODYNAMICS
Includes powered and free flight trajectories; orbital and launching dynamics.
20060049358 Aerospace Corp., El Segundo, CA USA

Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Electron Radiation Testing for a MEO Orbit
Granata, J E; Sahlstrom, T D; Hausgen, P; Messenger, S R; Walters, R J; Lorentzen, J R; Liu, Simon; Helizon, Roger; Jan
2006; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
A radiation test plan for thin-film photovoltaic technologies focused on a MEO flight experiment is outlined. The proton
and electron radiation response of thin film, amorphous Si solar cells and CuInGaSe2 solar cells, with and without space
coatings, is presented. The degradation of the photovoltaic output under penetrating and junction-damaging proton irradiation,
and 0.6 MeV and 1 MeV electron irradiation, is measured and examined. The experimental data are presented and analyzed.
These data will form the basis for an on-orbit prediction model as applied to a high-radiation MEO orbit.
DTIC
Earth Orbits; Electron Radiation; Photovoltaic Effect; Protons; Thin Films

Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Station-Keeping
Liaw, Der-Cherng; Abed, Eyad H; Nov 1990; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR88-03012
Report No.(s): AD-A454742; SRC-TR-88-72-R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
After deriving a set of dynamic equations governing the dynamics of a Tethered Satellite System (TSS), stabilizing
tension control laws in feedback form are derived. The tether is assumed rigid and massless, and the equations of motion are
derived using the system Lagrangian. It is observed that, to stabilize the system, tools from stability analysis of critical
nonlinear systems must be applied. This paper employs tools related to the Hopf Bifurcation Theorem in the construction of
the stabilizing control laws, which may be taken purely linear. Simulations illustrate the nature of the conclusions, and show
that nonlinear terms in the feedback can be used to significantly improve the transient response.
DTIC
Spacecraft Trajectories; Stationkeeping; Tethered Satellites; Tethering
35
Tethered Satellite System Stability
Liaw, D C; Abed, E H; Jan 1989; 32 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSF-ECS86-57561
Issues of stability of the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) during station-keeping, deployment and retrieval are
considered. The basic nonlinear equations of motion of the TSS are derived using the system Lagrangian. Using the Hopf
bifurcation theorem, tension control laws are established which guarantee the stability of the system during the station-keeping
mode. A constant angle control method is hypothesized for subsatellite deployment and retrieval. It is proved that this control
law results in stable deployment but unstable retrieval. An enhanced control law for deployment is also proposed, which entails
use of the constant angle method followed by a station-keeping control law once the tether length is sufficiently near the
desired value. Simulations are given to illustrate the conclusions.
DTIC
Spacecraft Trajectories; Stationkeeping; Systems Engineering; Tethered Satellites; Tethering
14
GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)
Includes launch complexes, research and production facilities; ground support equipment, e.g., mobile transporters; and test chambers
and simulators. Also includes extraterrestrial bases and supporting equipment. For related information see also 09 Research and
Support Facilities (Air).

Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual-Launch Concept
Pearson, Jerone; Zukauskas, Wally; Weeks, Thomas; Cass, Stein; Stytz, Martin; Oct 2000; 13 pp.; In English; Original
Report No.(s): AD-A454354; IAA-00-IAA.1.1.06; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454354;
Current launch costs into low Earth orbit (LEO) are extremely high. This study identified cost reductions possible using
a dual launch strategy using high-reliability/high-cost launch vehicles for high-value payloads, and lower cost launch vehicles
for low-value payloads. The approach was to assess existing expendable launch vehicles for development, production, and
operations cost using a parametric mass- based cost model, TRANSCOST 6.2. Performing fewer engine tests, designing
structures with lower structural margins, parallel processing, eliminating payload clean room requirements and extensive
testing before launch, horizontal integration, lower cost labor, and reduced insurance costs were examined to lower costs.
Nearly an order of magnitude reduction can be achieved from current launch costs to LEO for low-value payloads. The use
of conventional expendable rocket vehicles, however, keeps costs above S2,000 per kilogram to LEO. Revolutionary methods,
such as first stage lasers, eleeflomagnetic and ram accelerators, and upper stage orbiting tethers, were examined to achieve
even lower launch costs. The best combination examined uses the ram accelerator and orbiting tether, with an estimated cost
of $250-$350 per kilogram into LEO. That might be further optimized to achieve $100/kg. No launch techniques were
discovered that show launch costs below $100 per kilogram.
DTIC
Cost Analysis; Launch Vehicles; Launching; Low Cost
15
LAUNCH VEHICLES AND LAUNCH OPERATIONS
Includes all classes of launch vehicles, launch/space vehicle systems, and boosters; and launch operations. For related information see
also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance; and 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power.

The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program Small Launch Vehicles
Weeks, David J.; Walker, Steven H.; Thompson, Tim L.; Sackheim, Robert; London, John R., III; [2006]; 7 pp.; In English;
20th Annual AIAA/USU COnference on Small Satellites, 14-17 Aug.. 2006, Logan, UT, USA; Original contains black and
white illustrations
Report No.(s): Rept-SSC06-IX-1; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
36
Earlier in this decade, the U.S. Air Force Space Command and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
(DARPA), in recognizing the need for low-cost responsive small launch vehicles, decided to partner in addressing this national
shortcoming. Later, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) joined in supporting this effort, dubbed the
Falcon Program. The objectives of the Small Launch Vehicle (SLV) element of the DARPA/USAF Falcon Program include
the development of a low-cost small launch vehicle(s) that demonstrates responsive launch and has the potential for achieving
a per mission cost of less than $5M when based on 20 launches per year for 10 years. This vehicle class can lift 1000 to 2000
lbm payloads to a reference low earth orbit. Responsive operations include launching the rocket within 48 hours of call up.
A history of the program and the current status will be discussed with an emphasis on the potential impact on small satellites.
Author
Launch Vehicles; Low Earth Orbits; NASA Programs; Low Cost; Standard Launch Vehicles

RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Exploration
Kynard, Michael H.; Genge, Gary G.; Greene, William D.; Jacobs, William; McArthur, J. Craig; Mims, Michael J.; Tepool,
J. Eric; Wofford, Steven J.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and
Exhibit, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; Avail.:
Other Sources; Abstract Only
As a first step towards the fulfillment of the National Vision for Space Exploration, NASA has begun development of the
Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV). The CLV will act, in conjunction with the Crew Exploration Vehicle, as the next generation
human launch system to first support missions to the International Space Station (ISS), then later to support the lunar return
missions, and then after that to exploration missions to Mars and beyond. The CLV is a two-stage launch vehicle with the first
stage based upon the Space Shuttle solid rocket booster. The newly designed, expendable second stage is powered by a single
RS-25 liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen rocket engine. The RS-25 is essentially the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME) evolved
for a new mission, new environments, and new conditions. The CLV Upper-Stage Engine (USE) office has been established
to develop the RS-25 in support of the CLV Project. This paper presents an outline and discussion of the risks associated with
this endeavor of transforming the SSME into the upper-stage, altitude-start RS-25 and the plans being undertaken to
understand and mitigate these risks. In addition, to meet the long-term requirements of the CLV launch manifest, it will be
necessary to redevelop the RS-25, with its long history as the reusable SSME for the Space Shuttle Program, as an expendable
engine. While the first flights of CLV will be using heritage SSME hardware, beyond that a new version of RS-25 as an
expendable engine is being pursued by the CLV USE element. The goals of this work include the need to make the hardware
more producible while maintaining the inherent and inherited reliability of the basic design. This paper will also discuss the
risks and present the plans for developing both this next generation version of the RS-25 and for developing the manufacturing
capacity necessary to support the CLV Project.
Author
Hydrogen Oxygen Engines; Liquid Hydrogen; Launch Vehicles; Space Exploration

Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage
Davis, D. J.; Cook, J. R.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA,
USA; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048251; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
The Agency s Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) will be the first human rated space transportation system developed in the USA
since the Space Shuttle. The CLV will utilize existing Shuttle heritage hardware and systems combined with a ‘clean sheet
design’ for the Upper Stage. The Upper Stage element will be designed and developed by a team of NASA engineers managed
by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama. The team will design the Upper Stage based on the
Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) Team s point of departure conceptual design as illustrated in the figure below.
This concept is a self-supporting cylindrical structure, approximately 1 15 feet long and 216 inches in diameter. While this
‘clean-sheet’ upper stage design inherently carries more risk than utilizing a modified design, the approach also has many
advantages. This paper will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of pursuing a ‘clean-sheet’ design for the new CLV
Upper Stage as well as describe in detail the overall design of the Upper Stage and its integration into NASA s CLV.
Author
Launch Vehicles; Space Shuttles; Risk; Space Transportation System
37
Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Subsystems for End-to-End Spacecraft Modeling
Schum, William K; Doolittle, Christina M; Boyarko, George A; Apr 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453408; AFRL-VS-PS-TP-2006-1027; No Copyright; ONLINE:
http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453408; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
During the past ten years, the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) has been simultaneously developing high-fidelity
spacecraft payload models as well as a robust distributed simulation environment for modeling spacecraft subsystems. Much
of this research has occurred in the Distributed Architecture Simulation Laboratory (DASL). AFRL developers working in the
DASL have effectively combined satellite power, attitude pointing, and communication link analysis subsystem models with
robust satellite sensor models to create a first-order end-to-end satellite simulation capability. The merging of these two
simulation areas has advanced the field of spacecraft simulation, design, and analysis, and enabled more in-depth mission and
satellite utility analyses. A core capability of the DASL is the support of a variety of modeling and analysis efforts, ranging
from physics and engineering-level modeling to mission and campaign-level analysis. The flexibility and agility of this
simulation architecture will be used to support space mission analysis, military utility analysis, and various integrated
exercises with other military and space organizations via direct integration, or through DOD standards such as Distributed
Interaction Simulation. This paper discusses the results and lessons learned in modeling satellite communication link analysis,
power, and attitude control subsystems for an end-to-end satellite simulation. It also discusses how these spacecraft subsystem
simulations feed into and support military utility and space mission analyses.
DTIC
Artificial Satellites; Distributed Interactive Simulation; Simulation
20060048780 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA

LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free-Free Boundary Conditions
Fulton, Joseph M; Aug 3, 2006; 220 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453617; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453617; Avail.: Defense Technical
Information Center (DTIC)
Due to the volume and power limitations of a small satellite, careful consideration must be taken while designing an
attitude control system for 3-axis stabilization. Placing redundancy in the system proves difficult and utilizing power hungry,
high accuracy, active actuators is not a viable option. Thus, it is customary to find dependable, passive actuators used in
conjunction with small scale active control components. This document describes the application of Elastic Memory
Composite materials in the construction of a flexible spacecraft appendage, such as a gravity gradient boom. Assumed modes
methods are used with Finite Element Modeling information to obtain the equations of motion for the system while assuming
free-free boundary conditions. A discussion is provided to illustrate how cantilever mode shapes are not always the best
assumption when modeling small flexible spacecraft. A key point of interest is first resonant modes may be needed in the
system design plant in spite of these modes being greater than one order of magnitude in frequency when compared to the
crossover frequency of the controller. LQG/LTR optimal control techniques are implemented to compute attitude control gains
while controller robustness considerations determine appropriate reduced order controllers and which flexible modes to
include in the design model. Key satellite designer concerns in the areas of computer processor sizing, material uncertainty
impacts on the system model, and system performance variations resulting from appendage length modifications are
addressed.
DTIC
Artificial Satellites; Attitude Control; Boundary Conditions; Flexible Spacecraft; Free Boundaries; Linear Quadratic
Gaussian Control; Optimal Control; Spacecraft Control

Maneuver Estimation Model for Geostationary Orbit Determination
Hirsch, Brian J; Jun 2006; 123 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453944; AFIT/GA/ENY/06-J01; XC-AFRL/DET-15; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Infor-
mation Center (DTIC)
As an increasing number of geostationary satellites fill a limited number of orbital slots, collocation of satellites leads to
a risk of close approach or misidentification. The ability to detect maneuvers made by these satellites using optical
observations can help to prevent these problems. Such a model has already been created and tested using data from the Air
Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing site. The goal of this research was to create a more robust model which would reduce
38
the amount of data needed to make accurate maneuver estimations. The Clohessy-Wiltshire equations were used to model the
relative motion of a geostationary satellite about its intended location, and a nonlinear least squares algorithm was developed
to estimate the satellite trajectories.
DTIC
Detection; Earth Orbits; Geosynchronous Orbits; Maneuvers; Optical Measurement; Orbit Determination; Synchronous
Platforms; Synchronous Satellites

NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Overview
Dumbacher, Daniel L.; January 2006; 4 pp.; In English; AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA,
USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049061;
The US. Vision for Space Exploration, announced January 2004, outlines the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration s (NASA) strategic goals and objectives. These include: 1) Flying the Shuttle as safely as possible until its
retirement, not later than 2010. 2) Bringing a new Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) into service as soon as possible after
Shuttle retirement. 3) Developing a balanced overall program of science, exploration, and aeronautics at NASA, consistent
with the redirection of the human spaceflight program to focus on exploration. 4) Completing the International Space Station
(ISS) in a manner consistent with international partner commitments and the needs of human exploration. 5) Encouraging the
pursuit of appropriate partnerships with the emerging commercial space sector. 6) Establishing a lunar return program having
the maximum possible utility for later missions to Mars and other destinations. Following the confirmation of the new NASA
Administrator in April 2005, the Agency commissioned a team of aerospace subject matter experts from government and
industry to perform the Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS), which provided in-depth information for selecting
the follow-on launch vehicle designs to enable these goals, The ESAS team analyzed a number of potential launch systems,
with a focus on: (1) a human-rated launch vehicle for crew transport and (2) a heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV) to carry cargo.
After several months of intense study utilizing technical performance, budget, and schedule objectives, the results showed that
the optimum architecture to meet the challenge of safe, reliable crew transport is a two-stage variant of the Space Shuttle
propulsion system - utilizing the reusable Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) as the first stage, along with a new upper stage that uses
a derivative of the RS-25 Space Shuttle Main Engine to deliver 25 metric tons to low-Earth orbit. The CEV that this new Crew
Launch Vehicle (CLV) lofts into space early next decade will initially ferry astronauts to the Space Station and be capable of
carrying crews back to lunar orbit and of supporting missions to Mars orbit. The HLLV system will utilize the Shuttle External
Tank combined with SRBs. The focus of this paper is on the CLV system, giving an overview of plans and progress to date.
Derived from text
NASA Space Programs; Crew Exploration Vehicle; General Overviews; Launch Vehicles

A Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage-To-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Vehicles
Orloff, Benjamin S; Jun 2006; 100 pp.; In English
This study compares and contrasts the performance of a variety of rocket and air breathing, single-stage-to-orbit, reusable
launch vehicles. Fuels considered include bi-propellant and tri-propellant combinations of hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuels.
Astrox Corporation’s HySIDE code was used to model the vehicles and predict their characteristics and performance. Vehicle
empty mass, wetted area and growth rates were used as figures of merit to predict the procurement, operational and
maintenance cost trends of a vehicle system as well as the system’s practicality. Results were compared to those of
two-stage-to-orbit reusable launch systems using similar modeling methods. The study found that single-stage-to-orbit
vehicles using scramjet air breathing propulsion outperform rocket systems. Findings also demonstrate the benefits of using
hydrocarbon fuel in the early phases of ascent to reduce the size and mass of launch vehicles. An all-hydrocarbon, air
breathing, single-stage-to-orbit vehicle was found to be a viable launch vehicle configuration and performed comparably to
two-stage-to-orbit rocket systems.
DTIC
Air Breathing Engines; Launch Vehicles; Rocket Vehicles; Single Stage Rocket Vehicles
39
20060049300 Garvey Spacecraft Corp., Long Beach, CA USA
Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Launch Vehicle Operations
Garvey, John; Aug 2006; 39 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA9300-05-M-3010; Proj-3005
Hardcopy
Report developed under SBIR contract for topic AF05-201. The increased use of reusable systems continues to be one
of the most promising options for creating advancements in the daily maintenance of rocket systems, lowering hours for
preparation and diminishing expenses for preparation. However, since the end of the DC-X/XA Delta Clipper program, flight
testing of candidate reusable launch vehicle (RLV) designs, technologies and operations has come to a halt. This project
addressed this situation through the development and flight testing during Phase I of an early prototype RLV that could
ultimately evolve into the first stage of an operational nanosat launch vehicle (NLV). This LOX/ethanol-propellant vehicle -the
Prospector 7 -took flight twice within a 3.5 hour period after less than a day of pre-launch field preparations, thereby
establishing a new reference metric for RLV-type responsive, fast turn-around launch operations. Besides serving as an
operational pathfinder, this RLV test bed also manifested several academic payloads in support of a related goal of assessing
candidate nanosat-class payload accommodations. In a solid demonstration of the commercial potential for this kind of
capability, the Prospector 7 itself has already been assigned to non-SBIR follow-on flight test activities.
DTIC
Launch Vehicles; Nanosatellites; Reusable Launch Vehicles
20060049354 Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

New Techniques in Space Weather Forecasting
Kartalev, Monio D; May 1, 2005; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Mechanics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences as follows: The grantee
will use plasma and magnetic field interplanetary data generated from orbiting spacecraft to develop real-time models of the
earth s ionosphere. This will provide detailed knowledge about the Magneto Hydrodynamics (MHD) discontinuities that occur
due to the solar wind, and its effects on communications.
DTIC
Aerospace Environments; Forecasting; Magnetohydrodynamics; Space Communication; Space Weather; Weather

Application of Piecewise Linear Control Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Guidance and Control
Bolender, Michael A; Doman, David B; Oppenheimer, Michael W; Feb 2006; 13 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-A03D
Report No.(s): AD-A454301; AFRL-VA-WP-TP-2006-318; No Copyright; ONLINE:
We will demonstrate two applications of the piecewise linear control allocation (PLCA) approach. The first application
to be considered is to use the PLCA approach in the inner-loop control law of a re-usable launch vehicle on approach and
landing. Body axis angular rates are controlled using a dynamic inversion controller. The vehicle will be subjected to two stuck
control effectors, and recovery of the vehicle using only control effector reconfiguration provided by the control allocator and
without trajectory reshaping will be demonstrated. The second application that will be demonstrated is constraint estimation
for trajectory reshaping and re-targeting. In order to successfully re-target a trajectory when an aircraft has experienced
degraded performance due to a failure or damage to the vehicle, the effects of the failure or damage on the lift, drag, and
‘trimmability’ of the vehicle must be known a priori over the entire flight envelope. We present a method that allows for the
effects of a locked or floating control effector to be estimated over the flight envelope.
DTIC
Allocations; Guidance (Motion); Launch Vehicles; Reusable Launch Vehicles
40
20060049400 L’Garde, Inc., Tustin, CA USA
Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Arrays
Redell, Frederick H; Lichodziejewski, David; Jan 2004; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
In 1999, DARPA contracted L’Garde, Inc. to develop an ultra low-mass solar array for rapid deployment micro satellites.
The results of that effort yielded a high performance design that was tested up to a flight demonstration and outperformed
competing designs in power density (65.4 W/kg at 274 W) and stowed volume (0.04 cubic meters). However, this design
lacked the ability to scale the power level beyond 1 kW. Recently there have been significant advances in the area of
inflatable-rigidizable space structures. The purpose of the most recent investigation was to develop a scalable version of the
technology leveraging the previously proven design with revolutionary inflatable technology to produce a solar array that will
be adaptable to any micro satellite mission and beyond. The methods of the most recent investigation involved analysis,
fabrication, and tests. The result is a design ready to move to the next phase with power density performance better than two
times that of the state of the art (115 W/kg at 1250 W) while utilizing existing solar cell technology. This performance level
should be attractive to anyone interested in lowering the cost and increasing the reliability of their mission. The new structural
technology will lend itself to a wide range of applications. This work is the result of a phase I contract that was performed
for Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under SBIR funding.
DTIC
Deployment; Panels; Solar Arrays; Solar Cells

Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satellite Formations for the Purpose of Space-Based Remote Sensing
Vogel, Kurt A; Aug 2006; 296 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454451; AFIT/DS/ENY/06-04; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454451;
This dissertation assesses the utility of tethered satellite formations for the space-based remote sensing mission. Energy
dissipation is found to have an adverse effect on foundational rigid body (Likins-Pringle) equilibria. It is shown that a
continuously earth-facing equilibrium condition for a fixed-length tethered system does not exist since the spin rate required
for the proper precession would not be high enough to maintain tether tension. The range of required spin rates for steady-spin
motion is numerically defined here, but none of these conditions can meet the continuously earth-facing criteria. Of particular
note is the discovery that applying certain rigid body conditions to a free-flying formation creates the desired equilibrium
condition. Control methods applied to the tethered system fail to maintain formation orientation or are cost prohibitive. The
overall assessment is that tethers have great value for general formations, however, by themselves tethers cannot conduct
formation control for continuously earth-facing aperture clusters. Even with additional controls, the utility of tethers for this
mission is limited.
DTIC
Artificial Satellites; Dynamic Control; Remote Sensors; Satellite Observation; Tethered Satellites; Tethering
20060049568 Air Force Research Lab., Rome, NY USA

Why Photonic Systems for Space?
Bernstein, Norman P; Brost, George A; Hayduk, Michael J; Hunter, James R; Nichter, James E; Payson, Paul M; Repak, Paul
L; Aug 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-LINK
Report No.(s): AD-A454253; AFRL-SN-RS-TP-2006-10; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Future space-based platforms can and will benefit from the implementation of photonics in both analog and digital
subsystems. This paper discusses the potential applications and advantages of photonics to space-based platforms. These
applications include radiofrequency distribution links, true time delay, local oscillator generation, photonically implemented
signal processing, and high speed analog-to-digital signal conversion.
DTIC
Analog to Digital Converters; Fiber Optics; Microwaves; Photonics; Signal Processing; Transmission Lines

Military Space Programs: Issues Concerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Programs
Smith, Marcia S; Jan 30, 2006; 7 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454554; CRS/DC-RS21148; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
41
The Department of Defense’s (DOD’s) programs to develop new satellites to alert U.S. military commanders to foreign
missile launches, and to support missile defense objectives, are controversial because of cost growth and schedule slippage.
SBIRS-High, managed by the Air Force, would replace existing Defense Support Program early warning satellites. The Space
Tracking and Surveillance System (STSS, formerly SBIRS-Low), managed by the Missile Defense Agency, would perform
missile tracking and target discrimination for missile defense objectives. The SBIRS-High program has breached
Nunn-McCurdy cost growth limits several times, resulting in several program restructurings. This is the final edition of this
report.
DTIC
Artificial Satellites; Defense Program; Early Warning Systems; Missile Defense; Missile Tracking; Target Recognition
20060049600
THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) the New Paradigm for Booster Rockets
Bulman, Melvin J; Jul 12, 2006; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-02-C-0001; Proj-4847
Rocket-powered launch vehicles require high thrust when taking off and high vacuum specific impulse (Isp) later in the
mission. These two requirements are in conflict since a large area ratio nozzle operating at sea-level pressure is less efficient
in producing thrust and the jet may separate from the nozzle causing destructive forces. Aerojet’s Thrust Augmented Nozzle
(TAN) concept overcomes these conventional engine limitations by injecting additional propellants and combusting in the
nozzle. The TAN concept represents no less than a change in the rocket propulsion paradigm. Higher thrust to weight of the
engine can reduce the engine weight, which can be traded directly for increased payload. Launch vehicle mission effective Isp
can be significantly improved by using TAN to safely fill a high area ratio nozzle at sea level while significantly increasing
thrust. The thrust augmenting propellants can be different from the core engine, enabling the benefits of dual fuels on mission
performance. Possibly the most important benefit of TAN is increased engine system reliabilities by operating the engine core
at a reduced chamber pressure and making up the required thrust by operating TAN. This paper describes the TAN concept,
and how it overcomes these classic booster engine problems as supported by test results and a representative simulated
mission.
DTIC
Booster Rocket Engines; Exhaust Nozzles; Launch Vehicles; Specific Impulse; Thrust Augmentation
20060049631 Air Force Research Lab., Edwards AFB, CA USA

Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Expansion Model with Experimental Data (Preprint)
Niemela, Carrie S; Cheng, Shannon Y; Brieda, Lubos; Nakles, Michael; Ekholm, Jared; Hargus, Jr , WIlliam; Jul 2006;
19 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454665; AFRL-PR-ED-TP-2006-155; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Numerical modeling of the expansion of electric thruster plumes provides direct means for predicting spacecraft surface
contamination and erosion due to plume ions. A software package named COLISEUM that is capable of self-consistently
modeling plasma propagation and interactions with arbitrary 3-D surfaces is being developed by a national team of
researchers. Despite much research and development in modeling plume expansion, it is necessary to continuously validate
these codes using laboratory based experimental data. It is well-established that vacuum chamber facilities affect the plume
of these devices. Thus, the models must not only describe the plume expansion, but also effects of the vacuum chamber.
COLISEUM has been designed to simulate both vacuum chamber configurations and spacecraft geometries. This work
provides source derivation from laser induced florescence (LIF) data. Included is a study that compares results from a hybrid
particle-in-cell model (AQUILA) with Monte Carlo collisions to data obtained from the plume of Busek 600W Hall thruster
(BHT-HD-600). This data includes current density, velocity distribution, and energy data.
DTIC
Computer Programs; Hall Thrusters; Models; Plumes

Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD-600 Hall Thruster (Preprint)
Ekholm, Jared M; Hargus Jr , William A; Larson, C W; Nakles, Michael; Reed, Garrett; Niemela, Carrie S; Jul 2006; 9 pp.;
In English
42
To better characterize the potential impacts of the operation of a Busek Company, Inc. BHT-HD-600 laboratory Hall
thruster on spacecraft, a number of plume properties have been measured. These include current density using a Faraday probe,
ion energy distribution using a retarding potential analyzer, and ion species fractions using an E x B probe. The BHT-HD-600
Hall thruster is a nominally 600 W xenon Hall thruster developed by Busek Co. Inc. for the U.S. Air Force Research
Laboratory. Plume characterization of Hall thrusters is required to fully understand the impacts of thruster operation on
spacecraft. Much of these plume data are vital inputs for numerical models that can then be applied to estimate the effect of
the energetic plume on complex spacecraft geometries. Early measurement of plume properties, such as plume divergence, ion
energy distribution, and species fractions, aids the timely transfer of Hall thruster technology to the user. The plume’s ion beam
was characterized by measurement of ion current density radial profiles, ion energy spectra and ion species fraction
distributions. Measurements were recorded +/- 90 degrees off thruster centerline at 60 cm from the discharge. It was
determined slight variations in anode potential and mass-flow produced a measurable effect on ion current density and plume
divergence, experimentally showing an increase or decrease of +/- 15-20%. Ionic energy spectra demonstrated both inelastic
and elastic scattering within the plume. The measurements reveal significant populations of multiply-charged ions in the
plume. E x B probe measurements show surprisingly ion species fraction angle dependence.
DTIC
Current Density; Hall Thrusters; Plumes

Near Real-Time Event Detection & Prediction Using Intelligent Software Agents
Palmer, Philip; Mar 2006; 58 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This report results from a contract tasking University of Surrey as follows: The Surrey Space Center primary developer
of the Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC) a network of satellites that provides users global natural and man-made event
monitoring, seeks to monitor space and/or terrestrial source data streams for identifying interest-event occurrences. For the
purposes of this research an event is defined as a significant interest item that occurs at a particular time and location, such
as an individual volcano eruption, a flood or a forest fire. During- and postevent detection can often be achieved through one
of several change detection algorithms, however pre-event detection introduces an entirely different challenge. Successful
pre-event detection involves comparing temporal data against unique impending event data patterns. More concisely,
successful pre-event detection involves combining time series analysis with robust event pattern recognition. While
domain-specific methodologies have garnered varying success levels a general approach for this complex task has yet to be
found and therefore motivates this research effort. Significant progress across the range of research goals and objectives has
been achieved. Preliminary analysis results using one and two channelled data suggest the method is capable of identifying
complex event-related data patterns and perhaps even predicting significant events. These results strengthen our conviction the
method warrants further research and investigation.
DTIC
Change Detection; Pattern Recognition; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Real Time Operation; Time Series Analysis
20060049802 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USA

National Security Space Launch Report
McCartney, Forrest; Jan 2006; 103 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0004; W74V8H-06-C-0002
Report No.(s): AD-A454913; RAND/MG-503; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
On January 20, 2004, Congress in House Resolution 4200 directed the Secretary of Defense to establish a panel of experts
with extensive space launch and operations background to address the future National Security Space (NSS) launch
requirements and the means of meeting those requirements. The Department of Defense (Do) selected the RAND Corporation
to facilitate and support this panel in its deliberations between May 2005 and May 2006. After a comprehensive review and
assessment of the future NSS launch requirements, the National Security Space Launch Requirements Panel concluded that
the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) program can satisfy all known and projected NSS requirements through
2020. The yearlong fact finding and analysis (between May 2005 and May 2006) of this Panel derived many findings on NSS
requirements and the means of satisfying them. We introduce them here. A more complete account of the Panel’s findings and
judgments is found in the body of this report, and, accordingly, a study of the entire document is recommended.
DTIC
Launch Vehicles; Security; Spacecraft Launching
43
16
SPACE TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY
Includes passenger and cargo space transportation, e.g., shuttle operations; and space rescue techniques. For related information see
also 03 Air Transportation and Safety; 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; and 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.
For space suits see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.

NASA Technologies for Product Identification
Schramm, Fred, Jr.; [2006]; 52 pp.; In English; 2006 Automatic Identification and Data Capture Technical Institute/Ohio
University, 28 Jul. 2006, Athens, OH, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE:
Since 1975 bar codes on products at the retail counter have been accepted as the standard for entering product identity
for price determination. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Data Matrix symbol has become accepted as the bar code
format that is marked directly on a part, assembly or product that is durable enough to identify that item for its lifetime. NASA
began the studies for direct part marking Data Matrix symbols on parts during the Return to Flight activities after the
Challenger Accident. Over the 20 year period that has elapsed since Challenger, a mountain of studies, analyses and focused
problem solutions developed by and for NASA have brought about world changing results. NASA Technical Standard 6002
and NASA Handbook 6003 for Direct Part Marking Data Matrix Symbols on Aerospace Parts have formed the basis for most
other standards on part marking internationally. NASA and its commercial partners have developed numerous products and
methods that addressed the difficulties of collecting part identification in aerospace operations. These products enabled the
marking of Data Matrix symbols in virtually every situation and the reading of symbols at great distances, severe angles, under
paint and in the dark without a light. Even unmarkable delicate parts now have a process to apply a chemical mixture called
NanocodesTM that can be converted to a Data Matrix. The accompanying intellectual property is protected by 10 patents,
several of which are licensed. Direct marking Data Matrix on NASA parts virtually eliminates data entry errors and the number
of parts that go through their life cycle unmarked, two major threats to sound configuration management and flight safety.
NASA is said to only have people and stuff with information connecting them. Data Matrix is one of the most significant
improvements since Challenger to the safety and reliability of that connection. This presentation highlights the
accomplishments of NASA in its efforts to develop technologies for automatic identification, its efforts to implement them and
its vision on their role in space.
Author
NASA Programs; Technology Utilization; Aerospace Systems; Product Development

Characterization of Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Materials for Return-to-Flight following the
Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation
Wingard, Doug; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; 2006 North American Thermal Analysis Society (NATAS) Conference, 7-9 Aug.
2006, Bowling Green, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
During the Space Shuttle Columbia Accident Investigation, it was determined that a large chunk of polyurethane
insulating foam (= 1.67 lbs) on the External Tank (ET) came loose during Columbia’s ascent on 2-1-03. The foam piece struck
some of the protective Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) panels on the leading edge of Columbia’s left wing in the mid-wing
area. This impact damaged Columbia to the extent that upon re-entry to Earth, superheGed air approaching 3,000 F caused
the vehicle to break up, killing all seven astronauts on board. A paper after the Columbia Accident Investigation highlighted
thermal analysis testing performed on External Tank TPS materials (1). These materials included BX-250 (now BX-265) rigid
polyurethane foam and SLA-561 Super Lightweight Ablator (highly-filled silicone rubber). The large chunk of foam from
Columbia originated fiom the left bipod ramp of the ET. The foam in this ramp area was hand-sprayed over the SLA material
and various fittings, allowed to dry, and manually shaved into a ramp shape. In Return-to-Flight (RTF) efforts following
Columbia, the decision was made to remove the foam in the bipod ramp areas. During RTF efforts, further thermal analysis
testing was performed on BX-265 foam by DSC and DMA. Flat panels of foam about 2-in. thick were sprayed on ET tank
material (aluminum alloys). The DSC testing showed that foam material very close to the metal substrate cured more slowly
than bulk foam material. All of the foam used on the ET is considered fully cured about 21 days after it is sprayed. The RTF
culminated in the successful launch of Space Shuttle Discovery on 7-26-05. Although the flight was a success, there was
another serious incident of foam loss fiom the ET during Shuttle ascent. This time, a rather large chunk of BX-265 foam (=
0.9 lbs) came loose from the liquid hydrogen (LH2) PAL ramp, although the foam did not strike the Shuttle Orbiter containing
the crew. DMA testing was performed on foam samples taken fiom a simulated PAL ramp panel. It was found that the smooth
44
rind on the foam facing the cable tray did significantly affect the properties of foam at the PAL ramp surface. The smooth rind
increased the storage modulus E’ of the foam as much as 20- 40% over a temperature range of -145 to 95 C. Because of foam
loss fiom the PAL ramp, future Shuttle flights were grounded indefinitely to allow further testing to better understand foam
properties. The decision was also made to remove foam from the LH2 PAL, ramp. Other RTF efforts prior to the launch of
Discovery included
Author
Thermal Protection; Space Shuttles; Foams; Composite Structures; Polyurethane Foam; Accident Investigation; Ablative
Materials; Carbon-Carbon Composites; Thermal Analysis

High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detection of Vertical Cracks in the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on-
Foam Insulation (SOFI)
Kharkovsky, S.; Zoughi, R.; Hepburn, Frank L.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; 33rd Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative
Nondestructive Evaluation (QNDE), 30 Jul. - 4 Aug. 2006, Portland, OR, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNM06AA08G; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Space Shuttle Columbia’s catastrophic failure has been attributed to a piece of spray-on-foam insulation (SOFI) that was
dislodged from the external tank (ET) and struck the leading edge of the left wing. A piece of SOFI was also dislodged in the
Space Shuttle Discovery’s flight in 2005 and recently a crack was detected in its ET foam prior to its successful launch.
Millimeter wave nondestructive testing methods have been considered as potential effective inspection tools for evaluating the
integrity of the SOFI. Recently, in a specific investigation into the potential of these methods for detecting vertical cracks in
SOFI was explored using a focused millimeter wave reflectometer at 150 GHz. The results showed the capability of these
methods for detecting tight vertical cracks (also as a function of crack opening dimension) in exposed SOFI panels and while
covered by a piece of SOFI ramp simulating a more realistic and challenging situation. Some crack-like anomalies were also
detected in a blind SOFI panel. This paper presents the background for these techniques as well as representative images of
the vertical crack in the SOFI panel, crack-like anomalies in the blind panel and a discussion of the practical attributes of these
inspection methods.
Author
Detection; External Tanks; Foams; Cracks; Space Shuttles; Nondestructive Tests; Leading Edges; Inspection

Space Shuttle Overview
McNutt, Leslie; [2006]; 19 pp.; In English; Space Shuttle Overview, 13 Jul. 2006, Birmingham, AL, USA; Original contains
black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048272; Avail.: CASI: A03,
Hardcopy
Many students are not even aware of the many activities related to the US Space Program. The intent of this presentation
is to introduce students to the world of space exploration and encourage them to pursue math, science, and engineering careers.
If this is not their particular interest, I want to encourage them to pursue their dream.
Author
Space Shuttles; General Overviews; NASA Space Programs; Space Exploration
20060050052 NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA

Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) Demonstrations
Lindenmoyer, Allan; September 20, 2006; 14 pp.; In English; Multilateral Medical Operations Panel, 30 Oct. - 3 Nov. 2006,
Cologne, Germany; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050052;
U.S. space policy directs pursuit of commercial opportunities for providing transportation and other services low Earth
orbit and beyond. COTS Project established to implement policy. COTS strategy: Phase 1) Assist industry with system
development/demonstrations (COTS Demos); Phase 2) Procure commercial services for ISS logistics support. COTS
Demonstrations competition completed in 10 months. Two industry partners selected for funded Space Act Agreements: 1)
SpaceX & Rocketplane-Kistler; and 2) Unfunded Space Act Agreements in work with other competitors. COTS budget of
$500 M thru 2010, with pay for performance milestone approach. Cargo flight demonstrations planned for 2008 and 2009:
Crew flight demonstration options for 2011-2012. Commercial cargo transportation services potentially available as early as
45
2009-2010. Successful COTS partners may open new space markets and provide reliable, cost effective cargo and crew
transportation services, a new era for commercial space.
Derived from text
Space Commercialization; Orbital Servicing; Low Earth Orbits; Flight Tests; Cost Effectiveness; Logistics Management;
Transportation
17
SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATIONS, COMMAND AND TRACKING
Includes space systems telemetry; space communications networks; astronavigation and guidance; and spacecraft radio blackout. For
related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 32 Communications and Radar.
20060048706 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USA

GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space
Beidleman, Scott W; May 2006; 89 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This study investigates Europe’s motives to develop the independent satellite navigation system known as Galileo despite
the existence of America’s successful global positioning system (GPS). The study begins by analyzing both systems to
familiarize the reader with global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and to provide an understanding of the strengths and
weaknesses of GPS and Galileo, as well as the systems similarities and differences. Although the two systems have different
founding principles, they employ similar infrastructures and operational concepts. In the short term, Galileo will provide better
accuracy for civilian users until GPS upgrades take effect. But performance is only part of the rationale. The author contends
that Europe’s pursuit of Galileo is driven by a combination of reasons, including performance, independence, and economic
incentive. With Galileo, Europe hopes to achieve political, security, and technological independence from the USA.
Additionally, Europe envisions overcoming the US monopoly on GNSS by seizing a sizable share of the expanding GNSS
market and setting a new world standard for satellite navigation. Finally, the author explores Galileo’s impact on the USA and
reviews US policy towards Galileo. The study concludes with recommendations to strengthen the competitiveness of GPS.
GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Position in Space was originally written as a master’s thesis for the Air University’s School
of Advanced Air and Space Studies (SAASS) at Maxwell AFB, Alabama, in June 2004. The College of Aerospace Doctrine,
Research and Education (CADRE) is pleased to publish this SAASS research as a CADRE Paper and thereby make it available
to a wider audience within the US Air Force and beyond.
DTIC
Balancing; Europe; Galileo Spacecraft; Global Positioning System; Positioning; Space Navigation; United States
20060050160 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA, USA
Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strategies for Large DSN Arrays
Jones, Dayton L.; March 5, 2005; 6 pp.; In English; IEEE Aerospace Conference, 5-12 Mar. 2005, Big Sky, MT, USA;
Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39698; Avail.: Other
Sources
The NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) is studying arrays of large numbers of small, mass-produced radio antennas as
a cost-effective way to increase downlink sensitivity and data rates for future missions. An important issue for the operation
of large arrays is the accuracy with which signals from hundreds of small antennas can be combined. This is particularly true
at Ka band (32 GHz) where atmospheric phase variations can be large and rapidly changing. A number of algorithms exist
to correct the phases of signals from individual antennas in the case where a spacecraft signal provides a useful signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) on time scales shorter than the atmospheric coherence time. However, for very weak spacecraft signals it will be
necessary to rely on background natural radio sources to maintain array phasing. Very weak signals could result from a
spacecraft emergency or by design, such as direct-to-Earth data transmissions from distant planetary atmospheric or surface
probes using only low gain antennas. This paper considers the parameter space where external real-time phase calibration will
be necessary, and what this requires in terms of array configuration and signal processing. The inherent limitations of this
technique are also discussed.
Author
Deep Space Network; Radio Antennas; Antenna Arrays; Calibrating; Spacecraft Tracking
46
18
SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
Includes satellites; space platforms; space stations; spacecraft systems and components such as thermal and environmental controls;
and spacecraft control and stability characteristics. For life support systems see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support. For
related information see also 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance; 39 Structural Mechanics; and 16 Space Transportation and
Safety.

Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Vehicles
Story, George; Arves, Joe; [2006]; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Hybrid Rocket powered vehicles have had a limited number of flights. Most recently in 2004, Scaled Composites had a
successful orbital trajectory that put a private vehicle twice to over 62 miles high, the edge of space to win the X-Prize. This
endeavor man rates a hybrid system. Hybrids have also been used in a number of one time launch attempts - SET-1, HYSR,
HPDP. Hybrids have also been developed for use and flown in target drones. This chapter discusses various flight-test
programs that have been conducted, hybrid vehicles that are in development, other hybrid vehicles that have been proposed
and some strap-on applications have also been examined.
Derived from text
Flight Tests; Sounding Rockets; NASA Space Programs; Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engines; Launch Vehicle Configurations

Electronics Shielding and Reliability Design Tools
Wilson, John W.; ONeill, P. M.; Zang, Thomas A., Jr.; Pandolf, John E.; Koontz, Steven L.; Boeder, P.; Reddell, B.; Pankop,
C.; [2006]; 13 pp.; In English; 2006 MAPLD International Conference - 9th Annual Military and Aerospace Programmable
Logic Device (MAPLD)International Conference, 26-28 Sep. 2006, Washington, DC, USA; Original contains color and black
A03, Hardcopy
It is well known that electronics placement in large-scale human-rated systems provides opportunity to optimize
electronics shielding through materials choice and geometric arrangement. For example, several hundred single event upsets
(SEUs) occur within the Shuttle avionic computers during a typical mission. An order of magnitude larger SEU rate would
occur without careful placement in the Shuttle design. These results used basic physics models (linear energy transfer (LET),
track structure, Auger recombination) combined with limited SEU cross section measurements allowing accurate evaluation
of target fragment contributions to Shuttle avionics memory upsets. Electronics shielding design on human-rated systems
provides opportunity to minimize radiation impact on critical and non-critical electronic systems. Implementation of shielding
design tools requires adequate methods for evaluation of design layouts, guiding qualification testing, and an adequate
follow-up on final design evaluation including results from a systems/device testing program tailored to meet design
requirements.
Author
Electronics; Reliability Analysis; Spacecraft Design; Avionics; Spacecraft Shielding
20060048512 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA

Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies
September 2004; In English; 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies, 14-16 Sept. 2004,
Washington, DC, USA; See also 20060048513 - 20060048559; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): NASA/CP-2005-212781; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: C01, CD-ROM
Topics discussed include: The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission"; First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission
Including on Flight Nulling; Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit; SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR
Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation; A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry;
Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector; SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for
High-Energy Astrophysics; High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN; Close Formation Flight of Micro-Satellites for
SAR Interferometry; Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors;
Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites; Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission; Precision Formation
Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor; Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying;
47
Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling; Electromagnetic
Formation Flight (EMFF) System Design, Mission Capabilities, and Testbed Development; Navigation Algorithms for
Formation Flying Missions; Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission;
Semimajor Axis Estimation Strategies; Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers;
Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion; Conservative Analytical
Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying; Equations of Motion and Stability of Two Spacecraft in Formation at the
Earth/Moon Triangular Libration Points; Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and
Non-Natural Ares; An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation
Flying Interferometer; GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft; GNC System Design for a New
Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope; GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying
Interferometer; Formation Algorithm and Simulation Testbed; and PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic
Validation Test-bench.
Derived from text
Formation Flying; Attitude Control; Cross Coupling; Dynamic Control; Earth Orbits; Eccentric Orbits; Global Positioning
System; Spacecraft Control; Motion Stability
20060048514 Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton, MI, USA

Static Formation Control Using Interspacecraft Coulomb Forces
Parker, Gordon G.; Passerello, Chris E.; Schaub, Hanspeter; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation
Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 8 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color
illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent
document
A pair of charged bodies exerts equal and opposite Coulomb forces on each other that are proportional to the square of
their charge and inversely proportional to the square of their separation distance. Exploiting these forces, for the purpose of
spacecraft formation flying, has been the focus of several recent studies. This paper presents a sequential control strategy for
arranging N charged bodies into an arbitrary geometry using N+3 participating bodies. The approach overcomes two
challenging aspects of Coulomb force control: (1) the Coulomb force coupling, and (2) inadmissable control solutions arising
from the square force nonlinearity. A simulation example is included that illustrates the three-dimensional repositioning of a
single charge body. All bodies are assumed to be on inter-planetary trajectories where the orbital mechanics can be neglected
and the Coulomb attraction is the dominant force.
Author
Formation Flying; Sequential Control; Orbital Mechanics; Trajectories

SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Roadmap Presentation
Abel, Tom; Allen, Ron; Benford, Dominic; Blain, Andrew; Bombardelli, Claudio; Calzetti, Daniela; DiPirro, Michael J.;
Ehrenfreund, Pascale; Evans, Neal; Fischer, Jackie, et al.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation
document
A viewgraph presentation describing the Submillimeter Probe of the Evolution of Cosmic Structure (SPECS) mission is
shown. The topics include: 1) Context: community planning and study status; 2) Science goals; 3) Mission requirements; 4)
Mission concepts for SPIRIT and SPECS; and 5) Tethered formation flying, a key enabling technology.
CASI
Far Infrared Radiation; Interferometers; NASA Space Programs; Aerospace Sciences; Submillimeter Waves; Cosmology;
Kilometric Waves
Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Formation Flying Missions
Tien, Jeffrey Y.; Purcell, George H., Jr.; Srinivasan, Jeffrey M.; Young, Lawrence E.; Proceedings from the 2nd International
Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 14 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512;
Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI
on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
48
The Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) pre-project, an element of NASA s Origins program, is currently developing two
architectures for a mission to search for earth-like planets around nearby stars. One of the architectures being developed is the
Formation Flying Interferometer (FFI). The FFI is envisioned to consist of up to seven spacecraft (as many as six ‘collectors’
with IR telescopes, and a ‘combiner’) flying in precise formation within +/-1 cm of pre-determined trajectories for
synchronized observations. The spacecraft-to-spacecraft separations are variable between 20 m and 100 m or more during
observations to support various configurations of the interferometer in the planet-finding mode. The challenges involved with
TPF autonomous operations, ranging from formation acquisition and formation maneuvering to high precision formation
control during science observations, are unprecedented. In this paper we discuss the development of the formation acquisition
sensor, which uses novel modulation and duplexing schemes to enable fast signal acquisition, multiple-spacecraft operation,
and mitigation of inherent jamming conditions, while providing precise formation sensing and integrated radar capability. This
approach performs delay synthesis and carrier cycle ambiguity resolution to improve range measurement, and uses differential
carrier cycle ambiguity resolution to make precise bearing angle measurements without calibration maneuvers.
Author
Formation Flying; Detection; Interferometers; Maneuvers; Rangefinding; Autonomy; Calibrating; Duplexers
20060048520 Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V., Webling, Germany
Close Formation Flight of Micro-Satellites for SAR Interferometry
Fiedler, H.; Krieger, G.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies;
September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI:
A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
Synthetic aperture radar interferometry is a powerful technique for deriving highly accurate digital elevation models on
a global scale. To keep costs low, receive only satellites have been proposed to fly in close formation with an illuminating radar
satellite. A new formation, called Trinodal Pendulum, is introduced and described in detail. Results of a performance
estimation, flight dynamics analysis, and safety investigation are presented adopting this formation to the planned TerraSAR-L
satellite. It is shown, that a global DEM according to the HRTI level 3 standard can be derived within less than 1 years.
Author
Synthetic Aperture Radar; Interferometry; Digital Elevation Models; Performance Prediction; Illuminating; Aerodynamics;
Pendulums
20060048521 Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA

Formations Near the Libration Points: Design Strategies Using Natural and Non-Natural Arcs
Howell, K. C.; Marchand, B. G.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
Technologies; September 2004; 50 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC5-727; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as
part of the entire parent document
Space based observatory and interferometry missions, such as Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF), Stellar Imager, and
MAXIM, have sparked great interest in multi-spacecraft formation flight in the vicinity of the Sun-Earth/Moon (SEM)
libration points. The initial phase of this research considered the formation keeping problem from the perspective of
continuous control as applied to non-natural formations. In the present study, closer inspection of the flow, corresponding to
the stable and center manifolds near the reference orbit, reveals some interesting natural relative motions as well as some
discrete control strategies for deployment. A hybrid control strategy is also employed that combines both the natural formation
dynamics with non-natural motions via input feedback linearization techniques.
Author
Librational Motion; Dynamic Models; Earth-Moon System; Terrestrial Planets; Formation Flying; Arcs
20060048522 Alcatel Space Industries, Cannes la Bocca, France

Accurate Formation Flying Design and Validation for the Darwin Precursor Demonstration Mission
Pirson, Laurent; Charbonnel, Catherine; Udrea, Bogdan; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation
Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and
black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of
the entire parent document
The implementation of a formation flying concept is being considered by ESA for the Darwin space interferometer
mission, scheduled for 2014. In order to prepare this mission, some studies are led to demonstrate the feasibility of the global
49
project. One of the critical points is the metrology chain and the GNC system that must be developed to answer to the
constraining requirements imposed by the formation flying. The considered precursor mission aims at elaborating a full GNC
system, including avionics fault tolerant architecture. The mission is composed of one interferometric arm (two telescope
flyers and one hub combiner). A system study has first determined the constraints on the GNC subsystem, then proposed a set
of metrology equipment. Using these inputs an original GNC architecture has been developed. It has been corrected and
validated thanks to a comprehensive matlab simulation tool. The last step of the validation procedure is its implementation
on a real-time testbench.
Author
Formation Flying; Interferometers; Space Missions; Avionics; Metrology
20060048523 Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD and Robotic Validation Test-bench
Molina, Miguel Angel; Carrascosa, Carmelo; Colmenarejo, Pablo; Gandia, Fernando; Barrena, Valentin; Garcia-Casas,
Alberto; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September
2004; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03,
Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
Formation flying and RvD are very specific spatial scenarios that will play a predominant role in the close future scientific
missions (planetary detection through telescope interferometry or planetary exploration through sample return missions
respectively). Many efforts are currently being invested in the development of GNC techniques and new sensors for these
scenarios. In parallel, there is an increasing need of on-ground testing and validating the new techniques and sensors before
affording a flight demo mission. PLATFORM is a ground test bench being developed by GMV and devoted to the testing and
validation of such features with the main particularity of providing real controlled motion generation of spacecraft mock-ups
through the use of a high-accuracy robotic arm and the use of real sensors under quasi-real physical configuration. This paper
describes the elements of the test bench and affords the problematic of the setting up and exploitation requirements of the
PLATFORM test bench.
Author
Formation Flying; Robotics; Rendezvous Spacecraft; Spacecraft Docking; Test Facilities
20060048526 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD, USA

Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Formation Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Cross-Coupling
Sanner, Robert M.; Proffen, Daniel K.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
Technologies; September 2004; 15 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright;
Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
This paper presents a method for making the Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) formation control framework robust to
perturbations in the motions of individual spacecraft. Such perturbations may arise from unexpected environmental
disturbances, or from partial failures of the navigation or propulsion system of a spacecraft. The new method is equivalent to
stably attaching virtual springs connecting each of the formation members. This serves to distribute the impact of disturbances
over all the spacecraft in a manner which preserves the overall formation shape. A simulation using the tetrahedral formation
of the proposed Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission is used to illustrate application of the new technique.
Author
Natural Satellites; Rigid Structures; Altitude Control; Navigation; Cross Coupling; Multimission Modular Spacecraft
20060048527 EADS Astrium Ltd., Toulouse, France

High Precision Optical Metrology for DARWIN
Calvel, Bertrand; Cabeza, Isabel; Cabral, Alexander; Rebordao, Jose; Manske, Eberhard; Sesselmann, Rainer; Sodnik, Zoran;
Verlaan, Ad; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September
2004; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02,
The ESA DARWIN project uses a set of telescopes based on free flying satellites and operated in formation as an aperture
synthesis system. During science formation flying the relative position of all these satellites has to be maintained with a very
high accuracy. This is only possible with the help of a very high precision metrology system. We present here in a first part
the requirements for the optical metrology of DARWIN and the proposed definition of the metrology systems needed to
answer these requirements. In the second part we present the design of the various systems. Eventually we give the results
50
of the performance tests of breadboards that have been manufactured in the framework of the ESA study ‘High Precision
Optical Metrology’ to validate these designs. The proposed metrology systems can also be used in other formation flying
missions such as two satellites X ray telescopes etc.
Author
Formation Flying; Performance Tests; Synthetic Apertures; Systems Engineering; Metrology
20060048528 Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse, France

SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High-Energy Astrophysics Mission
Duchon, Paul; Delpech, Michel; Fourcade, Jean; Gonzalez, Francois; Hinglais, Emmanuel; Mercier, Karine; Proceedings from
the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 13 pp.; In English; See
also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI
Today, new concepts and recent technologies allow considering future mission based on Formation Flying. In this context,
the present study has been managed and implemented in CNES Toulouse*. This work represents one of the first CNES study
in the field of ‘Formation Flying Missions & Technologies’. SIMBOL-X is a ‘hard X-ray’ mission covering the ‘0.5 - 70 keV’
range, which is proposed by a consortium of European laboratories for a launch at the beginning of the next decade1.
SIMBOL-X will improve X-ray space telescope performances increasing its focal length with an objective of 30m between
the ‘Mirror Spacecraft’ and the ‘Detector Spacecraft’ in formation flying to compare with 7.5m - XMM telescope focal length.
This paper presents preliminary study results concerning this new space system concept.
Author
Formation Flying; Astrophysics; Spaceborne Telescopes
20060048530 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany

A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Interferometry
Gill, Eberhard; Runge, Hartmut; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
Space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has evolved into a mature technology over the past two decades. In the field
of interferometric SAR (InSAR) applications, along-track SAR interferometry is of particular scientific interest, since it allows
to resolve the velocity of on-ground objects and ocean currents. The accuracy of the velocity resolution on ground scales
directly with the along-track separation between adjacent SAR antennas. Therefore, a distributed sensor concept to be
implemented on a formation flying mission overcomes the limitations of a single space vehicle. This study establishes a
scenario of tight formation flight for an along-track interferometry SAR mission in the L- and X-Band. To this end, the
appropriate formation baselines as well as the absolute and relative orbit reconstruction requirements are derived from basic
interferometric principles. A discussion of the potentials and drawbacks of inter-satellite navigation sensor types is presented
along with the accuracy of state-of-the-art relative orbit reconstruction. Following a pre-selection of appropriate actuator types
for formation acquisition and control, formation flying guidance and control considerations are presented and fuel
consumption estimates are provided.
Author
Formation Flying; Navigation Instruments; Interferometry; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Superhigh Frequencies
20060048531 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan

Realization of the Solar Power Satellite using the Formation Flying Solar Reflector
Oda, Mitsushige; Ueno, Hiroshi; Takeichi, Noboru; Yamamoto, Masayuki; Proceedings from the 2nd International
Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as
There are various concepts for a solar-power satellite (SPS) that collects solar energy in space and sends the collected
energy to Earth by microwave or some other means. However, most SPS concepts need a mechanical joint between the
Sun-looking segment (mirrors or photovoltaic arrays) and the Earth-looking segments (microwave power transmission
antenna). This mechanical joint will have poor reliability. This paper introduces an innovative SPS concept that does not use
mechanical joints. The proposed SPS consists of three independent satellites, two primary mirrors and one SPS main body that
is the energy conversion and transmission module. The main body is placed in geostationary Earth orbit. Two primary mirrors
51
are placed north and south of the main body. The primary mirrors use solar pressure as a lifting force. This solar pressure keeps
the primary mirrors north and south of the SPS main body. Therefore, orbital plans call for two primary mirrors and a main
body in parallel with each other.
Author
Solar Reflectors; Formation Flying; Solar Power Satellites; Solar Arrays; Geosynchronous Orbits; Photovoltaic Cells
20060048533 Polytechnic Univ., Brooklyn, NY, USA

Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Generation and Adaptive Full-State
Feedback Control
Wong, Hong; Kapila, Vikram; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
Technologies; September 2004; 36 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NGT5-151; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as
In this paper, we present a method for trajectory generation and adaptive full-state feedback control to facilitate spacecraft
formation flying near the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrange point. Specifically, the dynamics of a spacecraft in the neighborhood of a
Halo orbit reveals that there exist quasi-periodic orbits surrounding the Halo orbit. Thus, a spacecraft formation is created by
placing a leader spacecraft on a desired Halo orbit and placing follower spacecraft on desired quasi-periodic orbits. To produce
a formation maintenance controller, we first develop the nonlinear dynamics of a follower spacecraft relative to the leader
spacecraft. We assume that the leader spacecraft is on a desired Halo orbit trajectory and the follower spacecraft is to track
a desired quasi-periodic orbit surrounding the Halo orbit. Then, we design an adaptive, full-state feedback position tracking
controller for the follower spacecraft providing an adaptive compensation for the unknown mass of the follower spacecraft.
The proposed control law is simulated for the case of the leader and follower spacecraft pair and is shown to yield global,
asymptotic convergence of the relative position tracking errors.
Author
Feedback Control; Formation Flying; Trajectories; Halos; Orbits
20060048534 Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA

Navigation Algorithms for Formation Flying Missions
Huxel, Paul J.; Bishop, Robert H.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NRA-03-GSFC/AETD-01; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM
only as part of the entire parent document
The objective of the investigations is to develop navigation algorithms to support formation flying missions. In particular,
we examine the advantages and concerns associated with the use of combinations of inertial and relative measurements, as
well as address observability issues. In our analysis we consider the interaction between measurement types, update
frequencies, and trajectory geometry and their cumulative impact on observability. Furthermore, we investigate how relative
measurements affect inertial navigation in terms of algorithm performance.
Author
Algorithms; Formation Flying; Inertial Navigation

Formation Control for the MAXIM Mission
Luquette, Richard J.; Leitner, Jesse; Gendreau, Keith; Sanner, Robert M.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium
on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original
contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of
Over the next twenty years, a wave of change is occurring in the space-based scientific remote sensing community. While
the fundamental limits in the spatial and angular resolution achievable in spacecraft have been reached, based on today s
technology, an expansive new technology base has appeared over the past decade in the area of Distributed Space Systems
(DSS). A key subset of the DSS technology area is that which covers precision formation flying of space vehicles. Through
precision formation flying, the baselines, previously defined by the largest monolithic structure which could fit in the largest
52
launch vehicle fairing, are now virtually unlimited. Several missions including the Micro-Arcsecond X-ray Imaging Mission
(MAXIM), and the Stellar Imager will drive the formation flying challenges to achieve unprecedented baselines for high
resolution, extended-scene, interferometry in the ultraviolet and X-ray regimes. This paper focuses on establishing the
feasibility for the formation control of the MAXIM mission. MAXIM formation flying requirements are on the order of
microns, while Stellar Imager mission requirements are on the order of nanometers. This paper specifically addresses: (1)
high-level science requirements for these missions and how they evolve into engineering requirements; and (2) the
development of linearized equations of relative motion for a formation operating in an n-body gravitational field. Linearized
equations of motion provide the ground work for linear formation control designs.
Author
Formation Flying; Interferometry; Spatial Resolution; Angular Resolution; Remote Sensing; Mission Planning
20060048537 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA, USA

GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Formation Flying Spacecraft
Breger, Louis; How, Jonathan P.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512
Formation flying is an enabling technology for many future space missions. This paper presents extensions to the
equations of relative motion expressed in Keplerian orbital elements, including new initialization techniques for general
formation configurations. A new linear time-varying form of the equations of relative motion is developed from Gauss
Variational Equations and used in a model predictive controller. The linearizing assumptions for these equations are shown
to be consistent with typical formation flying scenarios. Several linear, convex initialization techniques are presented, as well
as a general, decentralized method for coordinating a tetrahedral formation using differential orbital elements. Control methods
are validated using a commercial numerical propagator.
Author
Formation Flying; Space Missions; Spacecraft Design; Technology Utilization; Variational Principles

Semimajor Axis Estimation Strategies
How, Jonathan P.; Alfriend, Kyle T.; Breger, Louis; Mitchell, Megan; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on
Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512
This paper extends previous analysis on the impact of sensing noise for the navigation and control aspects of formation
flying spacecraft. We analyze the use of Carrier-phase Differential GPS (CDGPS) in relative navigation filters, with a
particular focus on the filter correlation coefficient. This work was motivated by previous publications which suggested that
a ‘good’ navigation filter would have a strong correlation (i.e., coefficient near -1) to reduce the semimajor axis (SMA) error,
and therefore, the overall fuel use. However, practical experience with CDGPS-based filters has shown this strong correlation
seldom occurs (typical correlations approx. -0.1), even when the estimation accuracies are very good. We derive an analytic
estimate of the filter correlation coefficient and demonstrate that, for the process and sensor noises levels expected with
CDGPS, the expected value will be very low. It is also demonstrated that this correlation can be improved by increasing the
time step of the discrete Kalman filter, but since the balance condition is not satisfied, the SMA error also increases. These
observations are verified with several linear simulations. The combination of these simulations and analysis provide new
insights on the crucial role of the process noise in determining the semimajor axis knowledge.
Author
Formation Flying; Global Positioning System; Guidance (Motion); Navigation; Correlation Coeffıcients; Detection; Errors
An Overview of the Formation and Attitude Control System for the Terrestrial Planet Finder Formation Flying
Interferometer
Scharf, Daniel P.; Hadaegh, Fred Y.; Rahman, Zahidul H.; Shields, Joel F.; Singh, Gurkipal; Wette, Matthew R.; Proceedings
from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English;
See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from
CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
53
The Terrestrial Planet Finder formation flying Interferometer (TPF-I) will be a five-spacecraft, precision formation
operating near the second Sun-Earth Lagrange point. As part of technology development for TPF-I, a formation and attitude
control system (FACS) is being developed that achieves the precision and functionality needed for the TPF-I formation and
that will be demonstrated in a distributed, real-time simulation environment. In this paper we present an overview of FACS
and discuss in detail its formation estimation, guidance and control architectures and algorithms. Since FACS is currently
being integrated into a high-fidelity simulation environment, component simulations demonstrating algorithm performance are
presented.
Author
Attitude Control; Interferometers; Terrestrial Planets; Formation Flying; Computerized Simulation
20060048540 Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO, USA

Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Relative Motion
Lane, Christopher; Axelrad, Penina; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
Technologies; September 2004; 21 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations
Geometrical methods for formation flying design based on the analytical solution to Hill’s equations have been previously
developed and used to specify desired relative motions in near circular orbits. By generating relationships between the vehicles
that are intuitive, these approaches offer valuable insight into the relative motion and allow for the rapid design of satellite
configurations to achieve mission specific requirements, such as vehicle separation at perigee or apogee, minimum separation,
or a specific geometrical shape. Furthermore, the results obtained using geometrical approaches can be used to better constrain
numerical optimization methods; allowing those methods to converge to optimal satellite configurations faster. This paper
presents a set of geometrical relationships for formations in eccentric orbits, where Hill.s equations are not valid, and shows
how these relationships can be used to investigate formation designs and how they evolve with time.
Author
Eccentric Orbits; Equations of Motion; Formation Flying; Linear Equations; Geometry; Numerical Analysis
20060048541 Alcatel Space Industries, Cannes la Bocca, France

First Formation Flying Demonstration Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Nulling
Leyre, Xavier; Thomas, Eric; Barillot, Marc; Charbonnels, Catherine; Cassaing, Frederic; Rousset, Gerard; Leter, Alain;
Ollivier, Marc; Rouan, Daniel; Schneider, Jean, et al.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation
document
A scientific consortium (12 organisations) led by the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale has defined a innovative and world
leading mission named Pegasus with high scientific returns including : spectral characterisation of hot Jupiters (Pegasides)
allowing to derive radius/mass ratio, atmospheric chemical composition, atmospheric spectroscopy of brown dwarfs allowing
to constraint effective temperature, radius, composition and atmosphere structure, internal region of protoplanetary disks and
disk-star interaction, directly linked to planetary formation mechanisms in implementing an on flight Bracewell nulling. In the
framework of a CNES Call for Ideas for Formation Flying, Alcatel Space has studied the concept of such a formation-flying
mission based on the existing platforms : PROTEUS and Myriad ones. Alcatel took advantage of its combined experience both
in platform, optical payloads, integrated optics and formation flying studies (Darwin Phase A study) to propose an innovative
solution. The optimisation of the instrument cophasing has been performed by ONERA, based on its experience in the
real-time control of high-resolution optical systems. This paper will present the main results of this feasibility study. Candidate
designs will be described, for the interferometric optical payload and the cophasing concept (fine optical metrology between
spacecraft and fringe sensing on the observation target). Performance evaluation of these subsystems shows that this simple
pathfinder can achieve the very high accuracy required for this nulling demonstration and will be able to provide the high and
innovative scientific return proposed.
Derived from text
Formation Flying; Pegasus Satellites; Astrophysics; Systems Engineering
54
20060048542 Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan
Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Orbit
Hashimoto, Tatsuaki; Yamakawa, Hiroshi; Kunieda, Hideyo; Mitsuda, Kazuhisa; Dotani, Tadayasu; Proceedings from the 2nd
International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 6 pp.; In English; See also
20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on
CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
A X-ray telescope which consists of a mirror spacecraft (MSC) and a detector spacecraft (DSC) has been planed in ESA
as XEUS mission. Relative position between both spacecraft should be accurately controlled in order to point the telescope
line-of-sight vector toward X-ray sources. The distance between spacecraft (focal length of the telescope) is 50 m and accuracy
requirement is 1 mm. Original XEUS mission is performed in LEO because large MSC must be constructed in orbit utilizing
ISS (International Space Station). Therefore, a lot of orbit maneuver is needed against natural orbital motion, and as a result,
relatively large electric propulsion thruster, huge Xe fuel tank, and several tons of DSC is required. ISAS (currently a part of
JAXA) plans to participate in XEUS mission, mainly on DSC. However, considering economical situation of JAXA, smaller
mission is preferable and realistic. This paper describes the preliminary design of XEUS precursor mission in L2 Halo orbit,
mainly focused on attitude and orbit control features.
Author
Formation Flying; Halos; X Ray Telescopes; Lagrange Coordinates; Earth-Moon System; Space Missions

SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Development and Validation Testbed: Current Progress and Beyond
Kong, Edmund M.; Saenz-Otero, Alvar; Nolet, Simon; Berkovitz, Dustin S.; Miller, David W.; Sell, Steve W.; Proceedings
from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 13 pp.; In English;
See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): JPL-1243444; NNG04CA49C; NNC04CA23C; F29601-97-K-0010/CLIN9; NCC2-1379; Copyright;
The MIT-SSL SPHERES testbed provides a facility for the development of algorithms necessary for the success of
Distributed Satellite Systems (DSS). The initial development contemplated formation flight and docking control algorithms;
SPHERES now supports the study of metrology, control, autonomy, artificial intelligence, and communications algorithms and
their effects on DSS projects. To support this wide range of topics, the SPHERES design contemplated the need to support
multiple researchers, as echoed from both the hardware and software designs. The SPHERES operational plan further
facilitates the development of algorithms by multiple researchers, while the operational locations incrementally increase the
ability of the tests to operate in a representative environment. In this paper, an overview of the SPHERES testbed is first
presented. The SPHERES testbed serves as a model of the design philosophies that allow for the various researches being
carried out on such a facility. The implementation of these philosophies are further highlighted in the three different programs
that are currently scheduled for testing onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and three that are proposed for a re-flight
mission: Mass Property Identification, Autonomous Rendezvous and Docking, TPF Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flight in
the first flight and Precision Optical Pointing, Tethered Formation Flight and Mars Orbit Sample Retrieval for the re-flight
mission.
Author
Algorithms; Formation Flying; Test Stands; Satellite Design
20060048544 Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD, USA

Station-Keeping Requirements for Astronomical Imaging with Constellations of Free-Flying Collectors
Allen, Ronald J.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies;
September 2004, pp. 1-6; In English; See also 20060048512; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available from
The requirements on station-keeping for constellations of free-flying collectors coupled as (future) imaging arrays in
space for astrophysics applications are discussed. The typical knowledge precision required in the plane of the array depends
on the angular size of the targets of interest; it is generally at a level of tens of centimeters for typical stellar targets, becoming
of order centimeters only for the widest attainable fields of view. In the ‘piston’ direction, perpendicular to the array, the typical
knowledge precision required depends on the bandwidth of the signal, and is at a level of tens of wavelengths for narrow
approx. 1% signal bands, becoming of order one wavelength only for the broadest bandwidths expected to be useful. The
significance of this result is that, at this level of precision, it may be possible to provide the necessary knowledge of array
geometry without the use of signal photons, thereby allowing observations of faint targets. ‘Closure-phase’ imaging is a
55
technique which has been very successfully applied to surmount instabilities owing to equipment and to the atmosphere, and
which appears to be directly applicable to space imaging arrays where station-keeping drifts play the same role as (slow)
atmospheric and equipment instabilities.
Author
Photons; Stationkeeping; Free Flight; Accumulators; Constellations; Astrophysics

The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mission’
Carpenter, K.; Danchi, W.; Leitner, J.; Liu, A.; Lyon, R.; Mazzuca, L.; Moe, R.; Chenette, D.; Schrijver, C.; Kilston, S., et al.;
Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004;
12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS8-39073; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as
The Stellar Imager (SI) is a Vision Mission in the Sun-Earth Connection (SEC) NASA Roadmap, conceived for the
purpose of understanding the effects of stellar magnetic fields, the dynamos that generate them, and the internal structure and
dynamics of the stars in which they exist. The ultimate goal is to achieve the best possible forecasting of solar/stellar activity
and its impact on life in the Universe. The science goals of SI require an ultra-high angular resolution, at ultraviolet
wavelengths, on the order of 100 micro-arcsec and baselines on the order of 0.5 km. These requirements call for a large,
multi-spacecraft (greater than 20) imaging interferometer, utilizing precision formation flying in a stable environment, such
as in a Lissajous orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 point. In this paper, we present an update on the ongoing SI mission concept
and technology development studies.
Author
Solar Terrestrial Interactions; Sun; Imaging Techniques; Mission Planning
20060048546 Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY, USA

Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using the Autonomous Formation Flying Sensor
McLoughlin, Terence H.; Campbell, Mark; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions
and Technologies; September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-10440; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as
Recent advances in formation keeping for large numbers of spacecraft using the Autonomous Formation Flying are
presented. This sensor, currently under development at JPL, has been identified as a key component in future formation flying
spacecraft missions. The sensor provides accurate range and bearing measurements between pairs of spacecraft using GPS
technology. Previous theoretical work by the authors has focused on developing a decentralized scheduling algorithm to
control the tasking of such a sensor between the relative range and bearing measurements to each node in the formation. The
resulting algorithm has been modified to include switching constraints in the sensor. This paper also presents a testbed for real
time validation of a sixteen-node formation based on the Stellar Imager mission. Key aspects of the simulation include
minimum fuel maneuvers based on free-body dynamics and a three body propagator for simulating the formation at L2.
Author
Formation Flying; Global Positioning System; Aerospace Vehicles; Rangefinding; Large Space Structures; Autonomy

Conservative Analytical Collision Probabilities for Orbital Formation Flying
Carpenter, J. Russell; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies;
September 2004; 9 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI:
The literature offers a number of approximations for analytically and/or efficiently computing the probability of collision
between two space objects. However, only one of these techniques is a completely analytical approximation that is suitable
for use in the preliminary design phase, when it is more important to quickly analyze a large segment of the trade space than
it is to precisely compute collision probabilities. Unfortunately, among the types of formations that one might consider, some
combine a range of conditions for which this analytical method is less suitable. This work proposes a simple, conservative
approximation that produces reasonable upper bounds on the collision probability in such conditions. Although its estimates
56
are much too conservative under other conditions, such conditions are typically well suited for use of the existing method.
Author
Collisions; Probability Theory; Approximation; Formation Flying
20060048549 Texas Univ., Austin, TX, USA

Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receivers
Lightsey, E. Glenn; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies;
September 2004; 52 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations
Satellite formation missions require the precise determination of both the position and attitude of multiple vehicles to
achieve the desired objectives. In order to support the mission requirements for these applications, it is necessary to develop
techniques for representing and controlling the attitude of formations of vehicles. A generalized method for representing the
attitude of a formation of vehicles has been developed. The representation may be applied to both absolute and relative
formation attitude control problems. The technique is able to accommodate formations of arbitrarily large number of vehicles.
To demonstrate the formation attitude problem, the method is applied to the attitude determination of a simple leader-follower
along-track orbit formation. A multiplicative extended Kalman filter is employed to estimate vehicle attitude. In a simulation
study using GPS receivers as the attitude sensors, the relative attitude between vehicles in the formation is determined 3 times
more accurately than the absolute attitude.
Author
Attitude Control; Global Positioning System; Mission Planning; Navigation Satellites; Kalman Filters
20060048552 Swedish Space Corp., Solna, Sweden

Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Formation Flying Micro Satellites in GTO
Berge, Sten E.; Bjoerk, Martin; Jakobsson, Bjoern; Bodin, Per; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on
Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains
color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire
parent document
This paper addresses the mission analysis and implementation of a GNC strategy to maintain a three object formation
around the apocentre of a GTO while releasing the formation around pericentre. Collision-risk is analyzed and a collision
avoidance strategy is outlined. The method of calculating the impulsive orbit maneuvers around pericentre is developed.
Onboard orbit determination and propagation are discussed. The chosen formation and attitude control laws are developed.
The requirements on autonomy are discussed and the software architecture is described. The GNC strategy is implemented
in Matlab/Simulink . The implementation follows guidelines for easy evolution into onboard software via automatic code
generation. The spacecraft and environment simulator is also implemented in Matlab/Simulink and is described. Results of the
simulations are presented and analyzed.
Author
Attitude Control; Collision Avoidance; Formation Flying; Orbit Determination; Maneuvers; Control Theory; Autonomy

An Overview of CNES Strategy and Activities on Formation Flying
Seguela, Dominique; Bonneville, Richard; Attia, Sylvain; Bondiou-Clergerie, Anne; Proceedings from the 2nd International
The purpose of this paper is to report the current French Space Agency program within the area of Formation Flying. The
paper will concentrate on the CNES global strategy for mastering the key technologies for Formation Flying missions, in
parallel with the selection process of a candidate mission. The main action plan therefore includes (1) mission/system
preliminary studies on candidate missions, (2) Research and Technology plan that includes development of RF and optical
metrology for coarse and fine positioning, concepts for formation control, GNC, propulsion, etc, (3) design and development
of a ground simulator.
Author
Formation Flying; Radio Frequencies; Positioning; Metrology
57
20060048554 Office National d’Etudes et de Recherches Aerospatiales, Toulouse, France
Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Framework
Gaulocher, Sebastian; Chretien, Jean-Pierre; Pittet, Christelle; Delpech, Michel; Alazard, Daniel; Proceedings from the 2nd
20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Avail-
able from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
This paper is concerned with the closed-loop control of satellite formation dynamics for use in distributed spatial
interferometry missions. The analysis rests upon the equations of relative motion in elliptic, earth-centered orbits (Lawden
equations) subject to the orbital perturbation J2. The linear-fractional transformation (LFT) representation of this model allows
the use of modern robust control techniques, such as H1 design, capable of taking into account performance, stability, and
robustness criteria. In particular, the time-varying character of the underlying dynamical system can be managed. The results
obtained indicate that precise relative position requirements can be fulfilled while curtailing fuel expenditure. In this respect,
the control techniques presented can be considered an enabling technology for various formation flying missions.
Author
Control Systems Design; Feedback Control; Formation Flying; Satellite Design; Mathematical Models
20060048555 EADS Astrium Ltd., unknown

Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Flying Demonstration
Teston, F.; Borde, J.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies;
September 2004; 32 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations;
Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
A viewgraph presentation discussing the feasibility of a low cost PROBA 3 formation flying demonstration mission is
shown. The topics include: 1) PROBA 3 programme context; 2) ESA top-level requirements; 3) Candidate target scientific
missions; 4) PROBA 3 mission definition; 5) Mission phases; 6) GTO split in 4 orbital arcs; 7) Experiment phase around
apocentre; 8) Sensors embarked on PROBA; 9) Space segment definition; 10) Satellites functional architecture; 11) Data
Management; 12) Electrical and Power; 13) Space to Ground communications; 14) Attitude Control; 15) Propulsion; 16)
Relative GPS; 17) RF metrology and performances; 18) R-GPS to RF metrology; 19) RF to optical metrology; 20) Optical
metrology; 21) Optical metrology performances; 22) Mass budget; 23) Power budget; 24) Propulsion budget; 25) Telemetry
budget; 26) Satellites layout; 27) Programmatics; and 28) Conclusion
CASI
Formation Flying; Feasibility Analysis; Autonomy; Orbit Determination

The Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT)
Stoneking, Eric; Lyon, Richard G.; Sears, Edie; Lu, Victor; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation
document
Several space missions presently in the concept phase (e.g. Stellar Imager, Submillimeter Probe of Evolutionary Cosmic
Structure, Terrestrial Planet Finder) plan to use multiple spacecraft flying in precise formation to synthesize unprecedently
large aperture optical systems. These architectures present challenges to the attitude and position determination and control
system; optical performance is directly coupled to spacecraft pointing with typical control requirements being on the scale of
milliarcseconds and nanometers. To investigate control strategies, rejection of environmental disturbances, and sensor and
actuator requirements, a capability is needed to model both the dynamical and optical behavior of such a distributed telescope
system. This paper describes work ongoing at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center toward the integration of a set of optical
analysis tools (Optical System Characterization and Analysis Research software, or OSCAR) with the Formation Flying Test
Bed (FFTB). The resulting system is called the Precision Formation Flying Integrated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT), and it provides
the capability to simulate closed-loop control of optical systems composed of elements mounted on multiple spacecraft. The
attitude and translation spacecraft dynamics are simulated in the FFTB, including effects of the space environment (e.g. solar
radiation pressure, differential orbital motion). The resulting optical configuration is then processed by OSCAR to determine
an optical image. From this image, wavefront sensing (e.g. phase retrieval) techniques are being developed to derive attitude
and position errors. These error signals will be fed back to the spacecraft control systems, completing the control loop. A
58
simple case study is presented to demonstrate the present capabilities of the tool.
Author
Attitude Control; Formation Flying; Feedback Control; Spacecraft Control; Telescopes; Controllability; Error Signals
20060048557 Canadian Space Agency, Saint Hubert, Quebec, Canada

Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Formation Flying
Hu, Yan-Ru; Ng, Alfred; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies;
September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
In this paper, a robust control scheme for multiple spacecraft in formation subjected to time-variant external disturbances
in the space environment was developed. The proposed controller consists of two parts, the first part is for the nominal system
without disturbances and the second part is to compensate for effects of system disturbances. A dynamics relative motion error
model was established to design the second part of the controller and to analyze the stability of the closed-loop system.
Furthermore, the robustness of proposed control method to the system disturbances is analyzed. It is proved that the relative
motion error of multiple spacecraft in formation is uniformly ultimately bounded under the proposed controller for the
assumed disturbances in the dynamics model.
Author
Control Systems Design; Feedback Control; Spacecraft Control; Spacecraft Motion; Robustness (Mathematics); Error
Analysis
20060048558 Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain

FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Rendezvous and Docking Tool for Exploration Mission in Circular and Elliptical
Orbits
Endemano, Galder Bengoa; Zotes, Fernando Alonso; Yarnoz, Daniel Garcia; Graziano, Mariella; Beech, Theresa; Ortega,
Guillermo; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September
2004; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright;
This paper describes the algorithms implemented in the FAMOVS2 simulator Tool. The software implements Rendezvous
maneuver sequences both in circular and elliptical orbits, as well as optimizing launch ascent trajectories. Corrective
maneuvers in circular orbits are also implemented to counteract perturbations. The tool simulates both attitude and orbital
maneuvers using opportune sensors and actuators. Results for an example of the Mars Sample Return mission scenario and
Rendezvous in Elliptical orbit are reported.
Author
Attitude (Inclination); Orbital Maneuvers; Actuators; Ascent Trajectories; Formation Flying; Perturbation; Sequencing;
Orbital Rendezvous
20060048559 Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA, USA
Application of a Relative Motion Guidance Algorithm to Formation Reassignment
Berryman, Johnathan F.; Lovell, T. Alan; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions
and Technologies; September 2004; 30 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white
document
In this paper a previously developed impulse maneuver algorithm for relative motion trajectory guidance is applied to a
benchmark problem of interest. Namely, a formation flying scenario is investigated that involves reconfiguration of a satellite
cluster when one or more members of the cluster fails. Desired configurations of the cluster both before and the failure are
chosen, and the maneuver that will transfer the cluster between the configurations is calculated. The main objective is to
determine the most fuel-efficient transfer trajectories, and to observe aspects of these trajectories.
Author
Algorithms; Formation Flying; Satellite Constellations; Trajectory Control
59
Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honeycomb Conical Seal Panel
Zimmerman, Frank; Gentz, Steven J.; Miller, James B.; [2006]; 3 pp.; In English; 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint
Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; No Copyright; ONLINE:
This paper describes the approach, findings, conclusions and recommendations associated with the investigation of the
conical seal pitting. It documents the cause and contributing factors of the pitting, the means used to isolate each contributor,
and the supporting evidence for the primary cause of the pitting. Finally, the selection, development and verification of the
repair procedure used to restore the conical seal panel is described with supporting process and metallurgical rationale for
selection.
Derived from text
Honeycomb Structures; Pitting; Space Shuttles; Seals (Stoppers)

Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Vehicle
Prakash, Ravi; Braun, Robert D.; Colby, Luke S.; Francis, Scott R.; Guenduez, Mustafa E.; Flaherty, Kevin W.; Lafleur, Jarret
M.; Wright, Henry S.; August 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG1-02088; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Saturn s moon Titan promises insight into many key scientific questions, many of which can be investigated only by in
situ exploration of the surface and atmosphere of the moon. This research presents a vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL)
vehicle designed to conduct a scientific investigation of Titan s atmosphere, clouds, haze, surface, and any possible oceans.
In this investigation, multiple options for vertical takeoff and horizontal mobility were considered. A helicopter was baselined
because of its many advantages over other types of vehicles, namely access to hazardous terrain and the ability to perform low
speed aerial surveys. Using a nuclear power source and the atmosphere of Titan, a turbo expander cycle produces the 1.9 kW
required by the vehicle for flight and operations, allowing it to sustain a long range, long duration mission that could traverse
the majority of Titan. Such a power source could increase the lifespan and quality of science for planetary aerial flight to an
extent that the limiting factor for the mission life is not available power but the life of the mechanical parts. Therefore, the
mission could potentially last for years. This design is the first to investigate the implications of this potentially revolutionary
technology on a Titan aerial vehicle.
Author
Vertical Takeoff; Vertical Landing; Titan Atmosphere; Haze; Oceans
19
SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION AND ASTRIONICS
Includes the design, manufacture, or use of devices for the purpose of measuring, detecting, controlling, computing, recording, or
processing data related to the operation of space vehicles or platforms. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft
Instrumentation; for spaceborne instruments not integral to the vehicle itself see 35 Instrumentation and Photography; for spaceborne
telescopes and other astronomical instruments see 89 Astronomy.
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 with Onboard Autonomy
Rabideau, Gregg; Tran, Daniel Q.; Chien, Steve; Cichy, Benjamin; Sherwood, Rob; Mandl, Dan; Frye, Stuart; Shulman, Seth;
Szwaczkowski, Joseph; Boyer, Darrell; VanGaasbeck, Jim; [2006]; 7 pp.; In English; SMC-IT 2006, 17 Jul. 2006, Pasadena,
CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39689; Avail.: Other
Sources
Space mission operations are extremely labor and knowledge-intensive and are driven by the ground and flight systems.
Inclusion of an autonomy capability can have dramatic effects on mission operations. We describe the past mission operations
flow for the Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) spacecraft as well as the more autonomous operations to which we transferred as part
of the Autonomous Sciencecraft Experiment (ASE).
Author
Space Missions; Autonomy; Mission Planning; Low Earth Orbits; Aerospace Engineering; Earth Observations (From Space)
60
20
SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
Includes main propulsion systems and components, e.g., rocket engines; and spacecraft auxiliary power sources. For related
information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power, 28 Propellants and Fuels, 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations, and 44
Energy Production and Conversion.

Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Element-Injectors
Jones, Gregg; Protz, Christopher; Bullard, Brad; Hulka, James; [2006]; 11 pp.; In English; 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE
Joint Propulsion Conference, 10-13 Jul. 2005, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC3-994
To support NASA’s Vision for Space Exploration mission, the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center conducted a program
in 2005 to improve the capability to predict local thermal compatibility and heat transfer in liquid propellant rocket engine
combustion devices. The ultimate objective was to predict and hence reduce the local peak heat flux due to injector design,
resulting in a significant improvement in overall engine reliability and durability. Such analyses are applicable to combustion
devices in booster, upper stage, and in-space engines with regeneratively cooled chamber walls, as well as in small thrust
chambers with few elements in the injector. In this program, single and three-element injectors were hot-fire tested with liquid
oxygen and gaseous hydrogen propellants at The Pennsylvania State University Cryogenic Combustor Laboratory from May
to August 2005. Local heat fluxes were measured in a 1-inch internal diameter heat sink combustion chamber using Medtherm
coaxial thermocouples and Gardon heat flux gauges, Injector configurations were tested with both shear coaxial elements and
swirl coaxial elements. Both a straight and a scarfed single element swirl injector were tested. This paper includes general
descriptions of the experimental hardware, instrumentation, and results of the hot-fire testing for three coaxial shear and swirl
elements. Detailed geometry and test results the for shear coax elements has already been published. Detailed test result for
the remaining 6 swirl coax element for the will be published in a future JANNAF presentation to provide well-defined data
sets for development and model validation.
Author
Heat Flux; Injectors; Heat Transfer; Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines; Combustion; Cryogenics; Liquid Oxygen

Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Propulsion
Markusic, T. E.; Polzin, K. A.; Stanojev, B. J.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006,
Sacramento, CA, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Operation of Hall thrusters with bismuth propellant has been shown to be a promising path toward high-power,
high-performance, long-lifetime electric propulsion for spaceflight missions. For example, the VHITAL project aims td
accurately, experimentally assess the performance characteristics of 10 kW-class bismuth-fed Hall thrusters - in order to
validate earlier results and resuscitate a promising technology that has been relatively dormant for about two decades. A
critical element of these tests will be the precise metering of propellant to the thruster, since performance cannot be accurately
assessed without an accurate accounting of mass flow rate. Earlier work used a pre/post-test propellant weighing scheme that
did not provide any real-time measurement of mass flow rate while the thruster was firing, and makes subsequent performance
calculations difficult. The motivation of the present work was to develop a precision liquid bismuth Propellant Management
System (PMS) that provides real-time propellant mass flow rate measurement and control, enabling accurate thruster
performance measurements. Additionally, our approach emphasizes the development of new liquid metal flow control
components and, hence, will establish a basis for the future development of components for application in spaceflight. The
design of various critical components in a bismuth PMS are described - reservoir, electromagnetic pump, hotspot flow sensor,
and automated control system. Particular emphasis is given to material selection and high-temperature sealing techniques.
Open loop calibration test results are reported, which validate the systems capability to deliver bismuth at mass flow rates
ranging from 10 to 100 mg/sec with an uncertainty of less than +/- 5%. Results of integrated vaporizer/liquid PMS tests
demonstrate all of the necessary elements of a complete bismuth feed system for electric propulsion.
Author
Electric Propulsion; Hall Thrusters; Bismuth; Liquid Rocket Propellants; Performance Prediction; Mass Flow Rate; Real
Time Operation; Flow Measurement
61
20060048519 Tokyo Univ., Japan
The Relative Position Control in Formation Flying Satellites Using Super-Conducting Magnets
Kaneda, Ryosuke; Yazaki, Fumito; Sakai, Shin-ichiro; Hashimoto, Tatsuaki; Saito, Hirobumi; Proceedings from the 2nd
20060048512; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Avail-
able from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
For astronomical observing missions by formation flying satellites in LEO, satellites require propulsion to keep the
relative position, against Keplerian orbit in inertia coordinate frame. Since satellites require propulsion systems, i.e. thrusters,
but the use of thrusters to control the relative position limits the mission lifetime associated with the finite fuel supply. Thus
the authors propose the formation flight control method using electromagnetic force. In this method, the electromagnetic force
generated between super-conducting magnets on satellites are used for the relative position control. Since such large magnetic
moment in earth magnetism generates large disturbance torque, the magnetic moments should be sinusoidal with shorter
period than orbital period. Therefore, this paper proposes to control the relative position by changing the phase difference
between magnetic moments. The relative position controller is designed with coefficient diagram method in this paper.
Electrical circuit to change the phase of magnetic moment is also proposed. These methods are evaluated with simulations.
Author
Superconducting Magnets; Flight Control; Formation Flying; Phase Shift Circuits; Electromagnetic Propulsion; Inertia
20060048529 Swedish Space Corp., Solna, Sweden

Spacecraft Platform for Advanced Formation Flying
Persson, S.; Hellman, H.; Groenland, T.; Berge, S.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying
Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 11 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations;
This paper introduces the PRISMA microsat spacecraft platform, and demonstrates the applicability of the low cost
solutions chosen on PRISMA for advanced formation flying. A model mission consisting of high precision formation flying
and maneuver experiments demonstration in GTO is chosen. The implementation of 2 propulsion systems, one chemical
propellant and one low thrust cold-gas system is discussed and conceptually implemented. A complete platform concept is
shown and various trade-offs discussed. All subsystems are briefly described .
Author
Formation Flying; Space Platforms; Propulsion System Configurations; Propulsion System Performance; Low Thrust;
Propellants

Electromagnetic Formation Flight (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays
Kwon, Daniel W.; Miller, David W.; Sedwick, Raymond J.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation
Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 14 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Copyright; Avail.: CASI:
Traditional methods of actuating spacecraft in sparse aperture arrays use propellant as a reaction mass. For formation
flying systems, propellant becomes a critical consumable which can be quickly exhausted while maintaining relative
orientation. Additional problems posed by propellant include optical contamination, plume impingement, thermal emission,
and vibration excitation. For these missions where control of relative degrees of freedom is important, we consider using a
system of electromagnets, in concert with reaction wheels, to replace the consumables. Electromagnetic Formation Flight
sparse apertures, powered by solar energy, are designed differently from traditional propulsion systems, which are based on
V. This paper investigates the design of sparse apertures both inside and outside the Earth’s gravity field.
Author
Formation Flying; Propellants; Electromagnetic Propulsion; Propulsion System Configurations; Thermal Emission;
Apertures
20060049582 Software and Engineering Associates, Inc., Carson City, NV USA

Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint)
Naraghi, M H; Dunn, S; Coats, D; Jun 1, 2006; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-03-M-3015
62
Effectiveness of dual cooling to lower the maximum wall temperature of regeneratively cooled engines is the focus of this
study. Two engines, the SSME and a RP1-LOX engine, are retrofitted with dual-circuits. It is shown that the maximum wall
temperatures for both engines are substantially reduced while also lowering coolant pumping power. It is also shown that with
RP1 as the coolant, the likelihood of coking is reduced with use of dual-circuits.
DTIC
Circuits; Cooling; Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines; Regenerative Cooling

A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Propulsion Plasma Plumes
Spicer, Randy L; Wang, Joseph; Breida, Lubos; Jul 12, 2006; 9 pp.; In English
All numerical simulations have some inherent error associated with the results but minimizing the error may also
maximize the processing time of the simulation. The particle collision model used for this paper is Monte Carlo Collisions.
The results of the simulations were compared to a vacuum tank experiment conducted at the Air Force Research Laboratory.
The results were compared for simulations with and without collisions using different neutral densities and levels of
complexity for particle collisions. The effect of particle collisions is evident in the results of the simulations. Increasing the
neutral density of the simulation does not have a major impact on the results in the plume region. Outside the plume region
the particle collisions can affect the results by an order of magnitude or greater.
DTIC
Electric Propulsion; Particle Collisions; Plasmas (Physics); Plumes
20060049678 Garvey Spacecraft Corp., Long Beach, CA USA

RLV Flight Operations Demonstration with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle (PREPRINT)
Garvey, John M; Besnard, Eric; Jun 1, 2006; 17 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA9300-05-M-3010; Proj-3005
Actual flight-based test and evaluation of vertical take-off reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) has been dormant in the U.S.
since the end of the SDIO/NASA/McDonnell Douglas Delta Clipper - Experimental Advanced (DC-X/XA) project in 1996.
A joint industry-academic team working under sponsorship from the Air Force Research Laboratory’s Propulsion Directorate
took a small step in 2005 towards reinvigorating such RLV test and evaluation activities, using an early, low-fidelity prototype
of the first stage for a proposed nanosat launch vehicle (NLV) that is sized to deliver up to 10 kg into low Earth orbit. This
team developed the LOX/ethanol Prospector 7 (P-7) in only six months and then flew it twice in a period of 3.5 hours after
just eighteen hours of field site preparations. This compares to the twenty-six hour turn-around benchmark achieved with the
DC-XA at the White Sands Missile Range. The P-7 has since been employed on a third flight test and is now undergoing
preparation for its fourth mission later this year. In addition to supporting NLV development, it is anticipated that the results
and lessons learned from these demonstrations of responsive, rapid RLV turn-around operations could also prove to be of
relevance to the Air Force’s ongoing investigations into hybrid launch vehicle concepts.
DTIC
Flight Operations; Launch Vehicles; Nanosatellites; Prototypes
23
CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to the composition, properties, structure, and use of chemical compounds and materials as they
relate to aircraft, launch vehicles, and spacecraft. For specific topics in chemistry and materials see categories 25 through 29. For
astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.
20060048156 Savannah River National Lab., Aiken, SC, USA

Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Alloys
Mickalonis, J. I.; Adams, T. M.; January 2005; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882767; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Palladium has been the membrane of choice for hydrogen purification and separation systems because of its high
permeability and good mechanical characteristics. Other membrane technologies are being investigated because of the high
63
cost associated with palladium. The Nb-Ti-Ni and V-Ti-Ni alloys were evaluated for their permeability and oxidation
characteristics. These alloys have showed some promise in comparison to palladium. Electrochemical testing was conducted
in the Devanathan permeation cell and Greene-type electrochemical vessels. The vanadium-based and niobium-based alloys
were found to have comparable permeation rates to palladium. The polarization and microstructural characteristics of the
alloys were studied to characterize the oxidation and microstructure effects on hydrogen permeation.
NTIS
Electrochemical Oxidation; Electrochemistry; Hydrogen; Niobium Alloys; Palladium; Permeability; Permeating; Titanium
Alloys; Vanadium Alloys
20060048157 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA

Characteristic Electrochemical Noise During Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Permeation
Edgemon, S. L.; Subramanian, K. H.; Mickalonis, J. J.; January 2005; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882765; WSRC-MS-2006-00006; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
The Devanathan-Stachurski cell is used to measure hydrogen flux through a metal. The cell consists of galvanostatic cell
in which hydrogen is generated on the specimen surface, and an oxidative cell in which the hydrogen oxidation current is
measured to determine the hydrogen flux. Permeation has been measured through 304L stainless steel and vanadium alloys.
Electrochemical noise analysis has been completed on the potential data collected on the galvanostatic cell specimen surface.
The power spectral density using the fast fourier transform and the maximum entropy method have been calculated. The
signatures of the power spectral density shown indicate trends in the hydrogen uptake of the materials dependent upon the
surface condition including oxide permeability and palladium coating.
NTIS
Electrochemistry; Hydrogen; Permeating
20060048178 Savannah River National Lab., Aiken, SC, USA, Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA,
Clemson Univ., SC USA
From Sequential Extraction to Transport Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation as a Remediation Approach for
Inorganic Contaminants
Crapse, K. P.; Serkiz, S. M.; Pishko, A. L.; Kaplan, D. I.; January 2005; 18 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
To quantify metal natural attenuation processes in terms of environmental availability, sequential extraction experiments
were carried out on subsurface soil samples impacted by a low pH, high sulfate, metals (Be, Ni, U, As) plume associated with
the long-term operation of a coal plant at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Despite significant heterogeneity
resulting both from natural and anthropogenic factors, sequential extraction results demonstrate that pH is a controlling factor
in the prediction of the distribution of metal contaminants within the solid phases in soils at the site as well as the contaminant
partitioning between the soil and the soil solution. Results for beryllium, the most mobile metal evaluated, exhibit increasing
attenuation along the plume flow path which corresponds to an increasing plume pH. These laboratory-and field-scale studies
provide mechanistic information regarding partitioning of metals of soils at the site (one of the major attenuation mechanisms
for the metals at the field site). Subsequently, these data have been used in the definition of the contaminant source terms and
contaminant transport factors in risk modeling for the site.
NTIS
Coal; Contaminants; Extraction; Plumes; Soils

Rehological Characterization of Unusal DWPF Slurry Samples
Koopman, D. C.; Sep. 2005; 78 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881514; WSRC-TR-2004-00519; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
This report, along with WSRC-TR-2004-00334, summarizes the findings of a program that simultaneously developed new
rheological measurement methods for DWPF slurries and characterized a set of ordinary and unusual simulant slurry samples.
Additional background information can be found in the other report. New measurement methods were developed and
64
documented in the other report. These new methods were applied to the unusual samples discussed in this report.
NTIS
Radioactive Wastes; Rheology; Slurries
20060048227 National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transplacental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in
Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in Utero Studies)
Jun. 2006; 190 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-115448; NTP-TR-522; NIH/PUB-06-4458; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy
3N-Azido-3N-deoxythymidine (AZT) is the most widely used and evaluated chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of
persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and persons seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV). The study in this report was conducted to obtain information on AZT transplacental carcinogenicity at doses that were
lower than those used in previous NCI studies and analogous to therapeutic doses. Male and female Swiss (CD-1) mice were
exposed to AZT (greater than 99% pure) during all of gestation. Genetic toxicology studies were conducted in mouse
peripheral blood erythrocytes.
NTIS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Azides (Inorganic); Azides (Organic); Carcinogens; Mice; Toxicology; Viruses
20060048606 National Steel and Shipbuilding Co., San Diego, CA USA

Abatement of Marine Coatings Containing Heavy Metals
De Quesada, Armando; Silveri, David; Bright, Tom; Jun 1995; 54 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
In early 1993, the Navy conducted testing at Norfolk Naval Shipyard to determine if personnel working with marine
coatings containing lead, cadmium or chromium or other heavy metals were exposed to concentrations above the Occupational
Safety Health Administration (OSHA) established permissible exposure limit (PEL). Based on these tests the Navy concluded
that minute amounts of the heavy metals could result in exposures above the PEL. Additionally, the Navy concluded it could
not predict exposure based on the concentration of the metal in The coating. In September 1993, four San Diego Master Ship
Repair contractors commenced research, testing, and analysis to develop a Technical Document that outlines cost effective
procedures to reduce exposure to lead, cadmium, chromium and other heavy metals while remaining compliant with OSHA
and EPA Regulations. This project provides a comprehensive technical document the inexperienced and experienced
contractor may use in the abatement of heavy metal containing marine coatings. Funding for this project was provided as a
cooperative effort by The National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) and by Continental Maritime of San Diego, Inc.,
National Steel and Shipbuilding Company, Pacific Ship Repair and Fabrication, Inc., and Southwest Marine, Inc. NSRP and
these shipyards saw the need for shipyards to be proactive in the area of heavy metal coating systems abatement as current
regulations were not ‘user friendly’ in shipboard applications.
DTIC
Coatings; Heavy Metals
20060048619 Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH USA

Comparative Study of Molecular Mechanisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Exposure to m-XYLENE in Rats and
Guinea Pigs
Gunasekar, P G; McDougal, J N; Rogers, J V; Garrett, C M; Kabbur, M B; Brinkely, W W; Aug 2001; 36 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-96-9010; Proj-1710
Hardcopy
Organic solvents like xylene are recognized as skin irritants after dermal exposure. The molecular responses to organic
solvents that result in acute irritation are not understood. In the present study, we compared and quantified the molecular
responses of rat and guinea pigs skin to xylene irritation, since these species differ in their response to other chemicals. We
also determined which animal model was more appropriate for predicting xylene-induced skin irritation. Animals were
exposed to m-xylene (250 ul) on their shaved back for lhr using Hill Top Chambers. Zero, one, three and five hrs after the
exposure, treated and sham treated skin samples (1g) were collected, homogenized with Tris buffer and measured for early
markers of skin irritation. Western blot analysis revealed that IL-1 alpha protein levels increased 3-fold more in rats than in
65
guinea pigs within one hr after xylene exposure. In contract, iNOS protein induction was four-fold greater in guinea pigs that
in rats. In rats, the changes in iNOS levels were comparable to the changes in IL-1 alpha levels but occurred two hours later.
NO levels, determined by Griess reagent, were elevated four-fold within two hours after the beginning of the xylene exposure
in rats. However, in guinea pigs, only a slight change of NO level was observed. immunohistochemical staining of skin
sections using specific antibodies showed immunopositive cells for IL-1 alpha and iNOS. Both antibodies were more
predominant in the epidermis of guinea pigs than rats. In addition, oxidant species formation (detected using DCF-DA) was
increased over the controls by xylene exposure after 1 hour. As with oxidative species and other early molecular events,
histology sections in the guinea pigs revealed more damage and cellular infiltration compared to rats.
DTIC
Exposure; Guinea Pigs; Irritation; Rats; Xylene
20060048626 Peterson Builders, Inc., Sturgeon Bay, WI USA

A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying Paints and Coatings
Sfirri, Michael; Mar 1993; 45 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453223; NSRP-0379; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453223; Avail.: CASI:
A03, Hardcopy
The process of procuring paints and coatings can represent one of the more challenging tasks presented to shipyard
purchasing personnel. Standard purchasing principles apply to the procurement of paints and coatings, however, the unique
nature of coatings as a commodity, the ever-changing environmental impact issues, and the wide-ranging impact on various
groups within the shipyard all play significant roles in the determination of the best coating value for the shipyard. Evaluating
proposed coatings on an equal basis is essential to coating selection process. Included in this effort is the need to compare cost
on a cost per square foot basis (instead of cost per gallon), to incorporate the ancillary costs (in terms of additional material,
equipment and labor) associated with the use of coatings into the evaluation, and to consider the impact and cost of
environmental regulations during use and disposal of the coatings. The purchasing agent must utilize the input and expertise
of a wide and varied cross-section of shipyard departments in determining the best coating value. This necessity places the
purchasing group in the unique position of developing a crossfunctional communications network that can not only support
the purchasing function, but can also improve the overall productivity and efficiency of the shipbuilding process.
DTIC
Coatings; Paints; Procurement
20060048650 Avondale Shipyards, Inc., New Orleans, LA USA

The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life Phase. Phase 2
Peart, John W; Sandor, Leslie W; Feb 1985; 40 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The test This report deals with the results. of Phase Two of a project entitled Effect of Edge Preparation on Coating Life
. Phase Two consisted of a program developed on the basis of the results obtained during Phase One of the overall program.
The variables tested in Phase Two included 1. 2. 3. 4. Flame Edge radius Coating system Application method Test method cut
edges were used as control samples. Three different edge radii were selected and compared with the coating performance on
flame cut or sharp edges. Originally there were four coating systems considered for this test program: two inorganic zinc
systems (water-based and solvent-based), coal tar epoxy and polyamide epoxy. The water-based inorganic zinc was eliminated
. because of its unsatisfactory adhesion to the steel substrate. The two coating application methods comprised hand brushing
the edges followed by airless spraying the entire sample surface, and airless spraying only. Immersion pressure and salt spray
testing constituted the two corrosion test methods. In all cases the test samples were sandblasted to SP-10 finish prior to the
application of the paint systems. Chipping, blistering and rusting were the primary indications of coating failure. The best
overall coating performance was obtained with samples having 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) edge radius coated with polyamide epoxy
applied by airless spraying only. The edge performance of the coating systems decreased with an increase in edge sharpness.
Flame cut edges are not recommended for applications which require equal coating performance with flat surfaces.
DTIC
Coating; Edges; Epoxy Resins; Protective Coatings
66
The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Reduced Volume of Spent Abrasive in Open Air Blasting
Hitzrot, William; Dec 1997; 68 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453310; NSRP-0499; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453310; Avail.:
Shipyards have been blast cleaning ships for more than 50 years. The methodology is still basically the same but
numerous improvements have taken place over the years. The purpose of this project is to look at current blast cleaning
technology, review what is being done by U. S. shipyards and define a strategy that will not only reduce the amount of abrasive
being used for blasting operations but also increase shipyard blast cleaning productivity. At the outset, four shipyards were
visited and the blast cleaning operations at each yard reviewed. It became readily apparent at the conclusion of these shipyard
visits that all four yards face similar problems in the area of blast cleaning; be it new construction or ship repair. The findings
from these visits were as follows: * The major source of over consumption of abrasives is improper adjustment of the valves
metering abrasive to the blast nozzle. The use of metering valves on all blast pots and the proper adjustment of these metering
valves can reduce abrasive consumption by up to 30 percent. * Proper use and matching of air pressure, type of abrasive,
hoses, nozzles can increase productivity and therefore reduce abrasive consumption. * Vacuum-blasting and/or power tool
cleaning may offer an abrasive saving alternative in new construction during final erection and cleaning of master butt welds
and abrasions. * Effective blaster training programs are lacking at most yards. There is a need for an effective blaster training
program to instruct blast cleaning personnel on how to be more productive through proper use of equipment, air pressure and
abrasive. The major findings noted above formed the basis for the project’s initial research program. This program was
augmented with the study of abrasive recycling and the study of equipment improvements that would further contribute to
reducing abrasive consumption.
DTIC
Abrasives; Marine Technology; Productivity; Ships

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of New Surface Preparation and Coating Repair Techniques
in Ballast Tanks - Phase III
Jul 1996; 48 pp.; In English
Ship ballast tanks represent corrosion control nightmares. Ballast tanks are one of the most costly areas in which to apply
coatings in both new ship construction and ship maintenance. Being subjected to intermittent wet and dry cycles of aerated
sea water places extreme demand on corrosion control methods. Harsh service environments are coupled with necessarily
complex tank geometries, especially in Navy combatants where weight and hull designs dictate small, irregular tanks with
difficult accessibility. This research project was formulated to investigate alternative, environmentally acceptable, cost
effective corrosion control solutions for ships ballast tanks. The first project began in 1980 and was entitled ?%Cathodic
Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Tanks.’ A series of steel ballast tank mock-ups were constructed which
duplicate tank geometries. The tanks are large enough to allow access for surface preparation and installation of the various
corrosion control methods. Previous testing results are documented in NSKP Reports 0158, 0205, 0280, and 0332.
DTIC
Ballast (Mass); Coating; Coatings; Maintenance; Marine Technology; Ships; Tanks (Containers)

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Containment - Final Report With
Summary and Conclusions
Boocock, Simon K; Harris, Joe; Appleman, Bernard R; Jan 1, 1998; 60 pp.; In English
This report describes how the NSRP Project 3-94-2, Combined Abrasive Recycling & Containment System, was
conducted. The report includes brief descriptions of preliminary tasks involving information retrieval and the selection of a
combined abrasive recycling and containment unit suited for shipyard use. The bulk of this report describes the construction
of a prototype of the combined abrasive recycling and containment unit. The containment unit was evaluated at Atlantic
Marine in Jacksonville, Florida. Details are given of the evaluation and analysis of results from this prototype demonstration.
Based on the results of the demonstration, a redesign of the containment unit was developed that incorporates many
67
improvements. From several alternatives the research team selected a mini-enclosure containment system. It used a
commercially available rigid space frame construction fitted with waste collection hoppers and aluminum gratings for the
working platform. The enclosure gained access to the ship hull from a truck mounted lifting arm. The platform had a 12-foot
reach and approximately 125-degree yaw capability. The containment membrane and seals were designed to create a class 1A
containment (highest degree of emission control). This required an engineered ventilation system to provide adequate air
movement within the enclosure.
DTIC
Abrasives; Containment; Marine Technology; Recycling; Ships
20060048921 Steel Structures Painting Council, Pittsburgh, PA USA

National Shipbuilding Research Program. Performance Testing of Marine Coatings: New Test and Evaluation
Procedures
Appleman, Bernard R; Jun 1990; 95 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MA-81-FAC-10011
Report No.(s): AD-A453647; NSRP-0311; SSPC-90-92; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
Because of environmental and health restrictions on conventional marine coatings, there is an urgent need for reliable
short-term procedures to evaluate performance and durability of coatings for ship tank exteriors and other exposed surfaces
in marine environments. Currently used methods are considered inadequate. Long-term immersion or outdoor tests, though
generally reliable, are much too time-consuming for today’s regulatory timetable. Commonly used accelerated test methods
produce results in a short time frame (1-4 months) but have been shown to give poor reproducibility and poor predication of
long-term service performance. Accordingly, the current project was undertaken by the National Shipbuilding Research
Program, with the primary objective to develop test procedures that can better predict performance lifetime and susceptibility
to early failures of marine coatings.
DTIC
Antifouling; Evaluation; Marine Technology; Performance Tests; Protective Coatings; Ships; System Effectiveness
20060048922 Litton Systems, Inc., Pascagoula, MS USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity
Insulation Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non-Halogenated Polyphosphazene Foam
Davis, O, J; Aug 1987; 11 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453649; NSRP-0281; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A flexible, fire retardant, chlorine-free polymer foam with applications to pipe insulation has been tested for ship
producibility. The new material, Non-Halogenated Phosphazene (NHP) foam, is based on Phosphorus-Nitrogen linkages
(Phosphazene) with non-halogenated organic groups attached to produce selected engineering properties. The material tested
is flexible, fire retardant, and produces less toxic combustion products than conventional plastic pipe insulation material.
Producibility tests have demonstrated the new material to be equivalent in handling characteristics to conventional material
which uses PolyVinyl Chloride in its formulation. The use of the new pipe insulation offers a prospect of removing over 1,400
pounds of elemental Chlorine from some surface ships now in production. Removal of Chlorine is in keeping with the
objective of producing ships with improved fire protection and safety.
DTIC
Conferences; Foams; Insulation; Marine Technology; Phosphazene; Pipes (Tubes); Ships; Toxicity
20060048923 Edgewood Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA

A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Escherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Production of Organophosphorus
Hydrolase
Lukens, Dennis C; Rastogi, Vipin K; Cheng, Tu-c; DeFrank, Joseph J; Valdes, James J; Kim, Michael H; Nov 19, 2003; 8 pp.;
In English; Original contains color illustrations
Four 20-L scale batch fermentations in LB medium were performed to investigate time-dependent yields of
organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) in E. coli XL1 containing pVSEOP7. The specific OPH activity was monitored during
each 20-L batch fermentation culture by assaying several times between the IPTG induction point (OD of 0.4 to 0.5 at 600
nm) and the cell harvest point (near-stationary phase of each 20-L batch culture). From the four 20-L batch fermentations, only
the 20-L batch cultures with 1 mM of cobalt chloride added 3-hr prior to cell harvest resulted in a drastic increase in the
68
specific OPH activity (369 to 1809 U/mL). A similar strategy of 1 mM cobalt chloride addition was successfully used to obtain
a 20.7 mg OPH per liter of culture at the 1000-L scale batch fermentation in LB, as compared to 5 to 10 mg/L in flask cultures.
The specific OPH activity was shown to be stable through additional process time associated with downstream processing
steps such as cell concentration by continuous disk centrifugation, cell paste preparation by bottle centrifugation, cell
disruption by Microfluidizer homogenization, and lysed cell clarification by 0.22 m tangential flow microfiltration.
DTIC
Escherichia; Fermentation; Organic Phosphorus Compounds
20060048981 Operational Technologies Corp., Dayton, OH USA

TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstration Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Force Base Warner-Robins GA
Sterner, Teresa R; Merrill, Elaine A; Vermulen, Erik K; Jan 2000; 70 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAHA90-06-D-0014; Proj-7757
Underground storage tank Site 70, Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, is part of a large aircraft refueling/defueling hydrant
system. Site 70 was impacted by JP-4 and JP-8 jet fuels through spill, overflows and leaks dating back many years. This total
pertoleum hydrocarbon (TPH) containmation has been identified and interim corrective action applied to remove free product
from above the shallow groundwater table. Using limited site data and the Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Criteria Working
Group (TPHCWG or Working Group) approach for evaluation of weathered fuel spills, a Tier 1 Risk-Based Corrective Action
(RBCA) analysis demonstration was performed. Soils from the site were analyzed using the Direct Method recommended by
the Working Group to characterize the fuel residuals present in terms of 13 total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) fractions. The
TPH contamination present was composed predominantly of aliphatic equivalent carbon (EC) fractions \g EC8 to ECi6 with
some \g EClO to ECi6 aromatics. The lowest average risk-based screening level (RBSL) calculated for the current commercial
use scenario was approximately 9000 mgikg for the direct soil to skin contact pathway. For a futuristic residential scenario,
the lowest average RBSL was about 3000 mgikg for the contaminant leaching to groundwater pathway. This demonstration,
however, does not represent a complete site assessment as only soil contamination pathways were evaluated.
DTIC
Air Sampling; Hydrocarbons; Jet Engine Fuels

On a Powder Consolidation Problem
Gremaud, Pierre A; Kelley, C T; Royal, T A; Coffey, Kristy A; Jan 2000; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-95-1-0419; DAAH04-96-1-0097
Hardcopy
The problem of the consolidation of an aerated fine powder under gravity is considered. The industrial relevance of the
problem is discussed and a mathematical model is introduced. The mathematical structure is that of a coupled system for three
unknowns pressure, stress and height of the powder in the (axisymmetric) bunker containing it. The system itself consists of
a parabolic PDE, an ODE and an integral equation determining a free boundary corresponding to the height of the powder.
Existence and uniqueness of a solution is established. A numerical method based on a formulation of the semidiscretized
problem as an index 1 DAE is proposed and implemented. The feasibility of the approach is illustrated by computational
results.
DTIC
Compacting; Consolidation; Mathematical Models; Powder (Particles)
20060049254 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA

Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Organophosphorus Compounds
Glaude, P A; Curran, H J; Pitz, W J; Westbrook, C K; Aug 4, 2000; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W-7405-ENG-48
Hardcopy
The thermochemistry and kinetics of organophosphorus compounds were studied, with BAC-MP4 method estimations as
a basis and PM3 semi-empirical estimations for many new compounds. New group additivity values were proposed for
69
enthalpies of formation at 298 K, and entropies and heat capacities of species involving pentavalent phosphorus bonded to
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms. The kinetic features of unimolecular elimination were
investigated by modeling pyrolysis experiments of dimethyl ethyl phosphonate (DEMP), triethyl phosphate (TEP), and
di-isopropyl methyl phosphonate (DIMP). Rate constants were proposed for four- and six-center eliminations. A new
combustion mechanism was developed in a systematic and comprehensive way and involved 41 phosphorus compounds in
202 reactions. All possible intermediates were taken into account. This reaction mechanism was applied to the modeling of
H2/O2 flames doped with dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP), which are chemical
warfare surrogates. The promoting effect of the agent and the species profiles were correctly reproduced. The decomposition
reaction channels were studied; they included radical reactions and molecular eliminations. The cause of the increase of the
reactivity of the flame was attributed to some radical combination cycles leading to an increase of heat release, which enhances
the global reaction rate in spite of the radical concentration drop.
DTIC
Combustion; Organic Phosphorus Compounds

Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Drivers
Rothberg, Paul F; Jan 25, 2005; 23 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) is gradually implementing Section 1012 of the USA PATRIOT Act
(P.L. 107-56). This provision seeks to reduce some of the security risks associated with hazardous materials (hazmat)
transportation by requiring a security threat assessment of drivers with a hazmat endorsement on their commercial drivers
license (CDL). This process, which includes immigration and database checks, may deter a terrorist from obtaining or keeping
such an endorsement; nevertheless, the hazmat transportation system remains vulnerable to attack. Members of Congress are
overseeing implementation of TSA’s program, reviewing its financial impacts, and deciding whether to explicitly require in
law a comparable review of Canadian- and Mexican-domiciled drivers transporting specified hazmats into the USA. During
2004, TSA screened 2.7 million drivers with a hazmat endorsement by comparing their names to those on databases. These
checks generated more than 100 leads that were sent to the FBI. TSA recognizes that the reliability of this process will be
improved by incorporating a fingerprint-based criminal background check. For each of the next 5 years, TSA will put roughly
1/5 of the drivers with, or seeking, a hazmat endorsement through a more comprehensive threat assessment process, including
a fingerprint-based records review. TSA and the states have faced many challenges in the development and implementation
of this initiative. The complete program was originally planned to start in 2003, however, it has been delayed several times.
Starting January 31, 2005, TSA will not permit a state to issue a new hazmat endorsement with a CDL until a determination
has been made that an applicant does not pose a security threat. Starting May 31, 2005, this TSA rule also applies to drivers
seeking either to renew a CDL with this endorsement, or, in some cases, to transfer his/her license from one state to another.
DTIC
Hazardous Materials; Policies; Security; Terrorism; Threat Evaluation; Transportation

Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Methodology Task 3-79-1
Trimber, Kenneth A; Corbett, William D; Aug 1987; 69 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-3-79
Hardcopy
The U.S. and Japanese Marine shipbuilding coating practices currently involve the application of a reconstruction primer
to blast cleaned steel prior to fabrication. After fabrication, the Japanese incorporate this primer into the protective coating
system after minimal cleaning (Steel Structures Painting Council SSPC-SP3) , ‘Power Tool Cleaning’) . In contrast, the U.S,
removes this primer by blast cleaning in accordance with Steel Structures Painting Council SSPC-lQ, ‘Near-White Slast
Cleaning’ followed by the application of a new inorganic zinc primer and the remainder of the coating system. The result is
an escalation in the U.S. costs of coating application as compared with the Japanese methodology. If the Japanese approach
provides adequate performance, a significant cost savings would result. In order to investigate this, Avondale Shipyards acting
on behalf of the Maritime Administration under the National Shipbuilding Kesearch Program authorized KTA-Tator, Inc. to
undertake a laboratory study to investigate the performance of six selected Marine coatings applied according to the U.S. and
Japanese methodologies. Products from two Japanese suppliers and two U.S. suppliers were used. In general the results of four
70
accelerated weathering tests (six-month 1500 salt water immersion, cycled pressurized immersion at 80 psi head pressure,
alternating uV/heat/immersion cycling, and salt fog exposure) show the U.S. methodology provides better performance in
some cases, while the Japanese approach provides better performance in other. Overall, it appears that the Japanese
methodology should be strongly considered for U.S. use.
DTIC
Japan; Marine Technology; Ships

Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Versus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks-Five Year Report
Nov 1987; 28 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Ship ballast tanks are one of the most costly items of new ship construction. In addition, ballast tanks are one of the most
severe corrosion areas during ship operations. The SP-3 Panel of SNAME recognized these problems and selected a research
and development project to investigate alternate, cost effective corrosion control solutions. Four approaches were originally
selected for mock-up ballast tank testing and 20 year life cycle cost analysis. A new coating system was added after three years.
* Completely coated tanks with high performance coating * Partially coated tanks with cathodic protection * Preconstruction
primer with cathodic protection * Soft coatings with cathodic protection * Rust tolerant epoxy coatings(Added after three
years).
DTIC
Ballast (Mass); Cathodic Coatings; Coating; Marine Technology; Protective Coatings; Ships; Tanks (Containers)
20060049306 Ocean City Research Corp., NJ USA

Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Underwater Service (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Gehring, Jr, G A; Ellor, J A; Aug 1987; 19 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
During ship construction, steel hull plate is normally protected with an inorganic zinc pre-construction primer. For the
underwater portion of the hull, conventional practice is to remove the primer by abrasive blasting before final coating of the
hull. If the requirement for removing the preconstruct ion primer could be eliminated, there would be a significant cost savings.
As a result, a laboratory study was undertaken to investigate the performance of selected marine coatings when applied over
inorganic zinc primers in underwater service. In general, the results of the study suggest that there are inorganic zinc
preconstruct ion primers that can be overcoated for underwater service. The results encourage further tests to investigate the
parameters affecting compatibility.
DTIC
Coating; Marine Technology; Protective Coatings; Ships; Zinc
20060049368 David Taylor Research Center, Bethesda, MD USA

Development of Standard Procedures for Shipboard Print Inspection
Radakovich, Thomas; Apr 1988; 146 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSRP-0295
Report No.(s): AD-A454323; DTRC-SME-88-17; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454323; Avail.:
CASI: A07, Hardcopy
The use of protective coatings is a common method of corrosion control in the marine industry. To ensure that these
coatings remain intact and effective, they must be inspected periodically so that damaged areas are discovered and repaired.
Currently there are no widely accepted standard methods for shipboard inspection of anticorrosive coating systems. Therefore,
the Navy, the Maritine Administration, and the shipbuilding industry cosponsored a program directed at standardizing the
methods used for shipboard inspection of coating systems and for reporting inspection data. The output of this program was
the development of four inspection standards for different ship areas. These four standards have been adopted by the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) as ASTM standards. This report discusses the development of these inspection
standards.
DTIC
Inspection; Protective Coatings; Ship Hulls
71
Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting
Operations Task 3.84.4
Hansen, Les; Appleton, William; Apr 1989; 40 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Shipyard painting is most often viewed as pure ship construction operations, where the painting of the hull, deck,
superstructure, and cargo spaces makes up the total effort and cost. This view may be justified when analyzing various trade
production costs as parts of the total ship cost. However, parts preparation and painting costs are significant when looked at
in summary as a new construction or repair contract sub-cost item. Once addressed, the historical means and methods for small
parts painting in shipyards appears to leave much room for improvement. This is particularly true when comparisons are made
to other industries. What happens then when a systems approach is applied to shipyard small parts painting? Can study
techniques analysis and design be adapted to facilitate painting systems which are cost effective for this industry? This paper
attempts to answer these questions by presenting discussion of: 1. Manufacturing Concepts of Parts Painting; 2. Use of the
Industrial Engineering Analysis; 3. Systems Configurations; and 4. Systems Cost and Justification
DTIC
Marine Technology; Pipes (Tubes); Ships
20060049393 Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 4B-3: The Development
of CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Shipyards
Fuller, Jimmy W; Aug 1990; 10 pp.; In English
What is CO2 blasting? CO2 blasting is a relatively new paint removal-technology that turns liquid carbon dioxide into
pellets. The most promising applications are elimination of hazardous waste, dust plumes, and contaminated water associated
with the use of slag abrasives. This paper will describe the process that Naval Sea Systems Command used to take CO2
blasting from the ‘talking’ stage to implementation in naval shipyards. The process started with a visit from a vendor and ended
with a thirty day test of the blasting system. TEXT Navy ships bottoms are painted with antifouling paints that Contain
pesticide ingredients that are used to control attachment and growth of marine animals and plants living in association with
structures that are in prolonged contact with salt or fresh water. Significant growth of these ‘fouling’ marine organisms, such
as barnacles, seaweed, and algae, can restrict the openings of piping, increase the weight of buoys or other navigational
equipment, constrict moving parts such as propellers, inhibit vessel maneuverability, and cause roughness that reduces
boat/ship speed and increase fuel consumption. Fouling organisms may damage surface coatings, promote corrosion, interfere
with sonar equipment by increasing noise levels, increase maintenance costs, and detract from the appearance of the vessel.
DTIC
Abrasives; Antifouling; Carbon Dioxide; Conferences; Fouling; Marine Technology; Organisms; Protective Coatings; Ships;
Shipyards
20060049620 General Dynamics Corp., Quincy, MA USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Development of Non-Polluting, Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating
Systems For Ships
Mirick, W; Nowacki, L J; Thorell, L M; Jan 1974; 39 pp.; In English
The objective of this research was to develop liquid, solvent-free coating systems and practical methods for their
application in the shipyards. Successful attainment of this objective would result in (1) lower cost due to elimination of
solvents, faster application and fewer coats, (2) ecological advantages resulting from elimination of solvents, and (3) improved
safety since elimination of solvents will decrease tire and toxicity hazards particularly in confined areas such as ship holds and
tanks. The completed research has demonstrated the feasibility of solvent-free liquid resin coatings under laboratory
conditions. Several combinations of pigmented epoxy resin and pigmented polyamide resin were successfully applied to test
panels using commercially available, two-component, high pressure air less spray equipment. Two pigmented polyurethane
coatings were also applied successfully, one formulated for tank use and the other tor topsides. It is recommended that the
coatings developed as a result of this research program be evaluated for long-term durability and ease of application in a
72
shipyard environment as a continuation of this effort. If such evaluation proves successful, the coatings should be applied to
a ship for in-service evaluation.
DTIC
Coating; Coatings; Marine Technology; Polyurethane Resins; Resins; Ships; Solvents
20060049632 Naval Surface Warfare Center, Bethesda, MD USA

Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed-Loop Paint Stripping System (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Williams, John; Rice, Robert M; Jan 1995; 13 pp.; In English
Feedback Control; High Pressure; Hydraulic Jets; Marine Technology; Navy; Paint Removal; Ships
20060049638 Sandroid Systems, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA

Automated Blasting & Recovery of Coatings Removed From Ship Hulls
Sweet, Gary K; Jan 1995; 16 pp.; In English
Coatings; Ship Hulls

Marine Coatings Performance for Different Ship Areas. Volume 1
Fultz, Benjamin S; Hawkins, P J; Sealander, Dave; Travassos, Job; Peart, John; Vira, Arvind; Jul 1979; 87 pp.; In English
The objective of this project was to establish methods to reduce ship construction costs by improving the paint selection
system. Toward this end, the following results were achieved: Establishment of a computer program of-paint service histories
which demonstrate that valid conclusions can be reached as to which generic paint type is best for a specified area of this ship;
Support by laboratory testing of performance trends of the computer program analysis; Demonstration by laboratory testing
that careful evaluation of paint suppliers is necessary; Indications that careful selection of laboratory test methods and
evaluation parameters, to duplicate service conditions, can serve as a screening method for candidate paint(s); Establishment
of a method of life cycle cost determination; identification of craft interference and premature area release for painting prior
to compartment completion. That is, poor paint planning and scheduling is the major cause of inordinately high ship painting
costs. If the principles identified within the body of this report-are assimilated by the marine industry, millions of dollars in
improved ship paint performance will be realized. Shipbuilders will benefit in two ways: Less dollars expended at guarantee
survey time due to improved paint performance (fewer failures)and Reduction in the probability of a catastrophic paint failure
during vessel construction.
DTIC
Antifouling; Costs; Marine Technology; Paints; Protective Coatings; Ships

Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Surface Preparation and Coatings
Fultz, Benjamin S; Hawkins, P J; Sealander, Dave; Peart, John; Starkenburg, C J; Jul 1979; 64 pp.; In English
It is a generally accepted fact that between twelve and seventeen percent of all new commercial ship construction dollars
are spent in initial ship painting. This means that the marine industry is probably spending upwards of five times more on
painting than it should. This expenditure represents tens of millions of dollars being needlessly wasted. One of the causes for
this needless expenditure of dollars is the lack of communication between the various facets of the marine industry - that is
the owner, builder, and supplier. This study is an attempt to rectify this wasteful situation.
DTIC
Coatings; Marine Technology; Ships
73
20060049652 Maryland Univ., Queenstown, MD USA
Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Eisenia fetida
Burton, Dennis T; Turley, Steven D; Fisher, Daniel J; Green, Donald J; Shedd, Tommy R; Jan 2006; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-92-C-2066
Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for inorganic mercury in earthworms are usually \h1; however, factors up to
approximately 10 have been reported. Little information is available concerning the bioaccumulation of organic mercury in
earthworms from actual contaminated soils and thus there has been uncertainty in the risk characterization phase of ecological
risk assessments of mercury-contaminated sites. This study was initiated to determine the rate of uptake and bioaccumulation
of total mercury (T-Hg) and monomethylmercury (MMHg) in Eisenia fetida from soils which have been contaminated with
mercury for approximately 30 years. The study consisted of a 28-day uptake phase in three mercury-contaminated soils and
one soil with background concentrations of mercury followed by a 14-day depuration phase in background soil only. Total
mercury concentrations in the study soils ranged from 85 to 11,542 micrograms per kg dry weight soil; MMHg concentrations
ranted from 1.12 to 7.35 micrograms per kg dry weight soil. Time to 90% steady states for T-Hg ranged from 36 to 42 days.
A steady state did not occur for any of the MMHg exposures during the 42-day study; estimated time to 90% steady state
varied from 97 to 192 days. BAFs for T-Hg ranged from 0.6 to 3.3. BAFs for MMHg ranged from 175 to 249. The BAFs for
T-Hg and MMHg were larger in earthworms exposed to the lower contaminated soils and smaller in the higher
mercury-contaminated soils. The absolute concentrations of T-Hg and MMHg bioaccumulated in E. fetida, however, were
higher in the earthworms exposed to the higher mercury soils and lower in the less mercury-contaminated soils.
DTIC
Mercury (Metal); Soil Pollution

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. User’s Guide to Selection of Blasting Abrasives
Apr 6, 1998; 520 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454719; NSRP-0511; N3-95-7; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A22, Hardcopy
The purpose of this guide for abrasive selection is: through proper abrasive selection shipyards can improve productivity,
reduce waste, and decrease the costs associated with abrasive blast cleaning. Abrasive blasting is generally acknowledged to
be the most effective and efficient means of surface preparation. Blasting accounts for about two-thirds of the cost of the
surface preparation and coating operation, which is itself, a major cost component of shipyards. The wide variations in types
of abrasive, blasting processes and operator proficiency, result in huge fluctuations in the efficiency and cost of the abrasive
blasting operation. Therefore, significant reduction in cost and improvement in production can be attained by proper selection
and use of abrasives, meeting the objective of this project; to develop a shipyards guide to select abrasive and blasting
parameters that will optimize this activity.
DTIC
Abrasives; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards
20060049683 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA

Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Temperature Magnetic Material for PWR
McHenry, Michael E; Mar 2006; 63 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-02-2-2241; Proj-3145
The initial charge of the DUST Program was to provide technical support to the development of inductive components
for power electronics and integrated circuits where the driving forces for future improvement are size, frequency, and
temperature. The CMU program was charged with examining amorphous and nanocomposite materials for inductive
components. For these magnetic components the following figures of merit were identified for new materials development:
1) Induction: 1 to 2 T (5 to 10 times that of conventional ferrites at room temperature); 2) Frequency: 200 kHz to 1 MHz; 3)
Temperature: 200 deg C and above. The goals of the DUST project were to develop composition, structure, and magnetic
properties relationships in three areas for use in inductive components. These three areas of pursuit were: 1) amorphous
precursors to HITPERM materials; 2) Fe-based amorphous materials; 3) HITPERM powders. The HITPERM materials are
now felt to be competitive with Fe-based Metglas materials in terms of losses, while offering higher inductions and better high
temperature magnetic properties.
DTIC
Amorphous Materials; Crystallization; High Temperature; Magnetic Materials; Refractory Materials
74
20060049773 Georgia Univ., Athens, GA USA
Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Structure and Bonding
Duncan, Michael A; Mar 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Molecular beam experiments employing laser vaporization, time-of-flight mass spectrometry and laser photodissociation
were employed to study a variety of metal compounds nanoclusters to evaluate their potential for new materials. Mixed atomic
clusters of copper, silver and gold with carbon or silicon were studied as well as several transition metal oxide clusters. New
laser techniques were developed and employed to make metal and metal oxide complexes with polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbon species. In a combination of laser vaporization methods with inorganic synthetic methodology, ligand-coated
metal and metal oxide clusters for the early transition metals titanium and vanadium were synthesized and collected in
macroscopic amounts for the first time. These oxides are sub-nanometer in size, representing some of the smallest particles
ever isolated.
DTIC
Bonding; Electromagnetic Properties; Fullerenes; Hydrocarbons; Infrared Radiation; Laser Spectroscopy; Metal Clusters;
Solar Cells
20060049850 Insight Industries, Inc., Platteville, WI USA

ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Bid Estimating Transfer Study
George, Daryl; Nov 10, 1993; 207 pp.; In English
Economic Analysis; Economics; Estimating; Paints; Shipyards

Space Environmentally Durable Polyimides and Copolyimides
Connell, John W., Inventor; Smith, Joseph G., Inventor; Hergenrother, Paul M., Inventor; Watson, Kent A., Inventor;
Thompson, Craig M., Inventor; September 19, 2006; 68 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 8 Nov. 2004; US-Patent-7,109,287; US-Patent-Appl-SN-988407; NASA-Case-LAR-16176-2;
US-Patent-Appl-SN-095340; US-Patent-Appl-SN-6841652; US-Patent-Appl-SN-292262; No Copyright; ONLINE:
Polyimides displaying low color in thin films, atomic oxygen resistance, vacuum ultraviolet radiation resistance, solubility
in organic solvents in the imide form, high glass transition (T(sub g)) temperatures, and high thermal stability are provided.
The poly(amide acid)s, copoly(amide acid)s, polyimides and copolyimides are prepared by the reaction of stoichiometric ratios
of an aromatic &anhydride with diamines which contain phenylphosphine oxide groups in polar aprotic solvents. Controlled
molecular weight oligomeric (amide acid)s and imides can be prepared by offsetting the stoichiometry according to the
Carothers equation using excess diamine and endcapping with aromatic anhydrides. The polyimide materials can be processed
into various material forms such as thin films, fibers, foams, threads, adhesive film, coatings, dry powders, and fiber coated
prepreg, and uses include thin film membranes on antennas, second-surface mirrors, thermal optical coatings, and multilayer
thermal insulation (MLI) blanket materials.
Polyimides; Glass Transition Temperature; Solvents; Thermal Stability; Thin Films; Amides; Stoichiometry

Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition Kinetics and Reaction to Spar,
Friction and Impact
Weese, R. K.; Burnham, A. K.; Fontes, A. T.; Aug. 30, 2005; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881632; UCRL-CONF-214893; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Decomposition; Friction; Kinetics; Perchlorates; Thermal Expansion
75
Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Characterize Violence with Varying
Confinement
Garcia, F.; Vandersall, K. S.; Forbes, J. W.; Tarver, C. M.; Greenwood, D.; Jul. 27, 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Thermal cook-off experiments were carried out using LX-04 explosive (85% HMX and 15% Viton by weight) with
different levels of confinement to characterize the effect of confinement on the reaction violence. These experiments involved
heating a porous LX-04 sample in a stainless steel container with varying container end plate thickness and assembly bolt
diameter to control overall confinement. As expected, detonation did not occur and reducing the overall confinement lowered
the reaction violence. This is consistent with modeling results that predict that a lower confinement will act to lower the
cook-off pressure and thus the overall burn rate which lowers the overall violence. These results suggest that controlling the
overall system confinement can modify the relative safety in a given scenario.
NTIS
Chemical Explosions; Confinement; Firing (Igniting); HMX; Violence

Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analysis
Wilmarth, W. R.; Duffey, C. E.; Jun. 30, 2005; 20 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882701; WSRC-RP-2005-01688; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
This Plan describes the analysis of a sample of scale removed from the Gravity Drain Line of the 2H Evaporator. The
analysis will support the development of a Nuclear Criticality Safety Analysis (NCSA) for evaporator operation and chemical
cleaning. Previous chemical cleaning operations were performed using a nitric acid flowsheet that involved copious amounts
of deplete uranyl nitrate used as a neutron poison. Current interest and focus is on a chemical cleaning operation involving
only a sodium hydroxide solution. Therefore, testing will involve dissolving sub-samples of scale sample in sodium hydroxide
solution at temperatures at 90 degrees C.
NTIS
Evaporators; Quality Control; Radioactive Wastes

Type B Package Radioactive Material Content Compliance
Hensel, S. J.; Watkins, R. W.; Smith, A. C.; January 2006; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882696; WSRC-MS-2006-00120; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Implementation of packaging and transportation requirements can be subdivided into three categories; contents
compliance, packaging closure, and transportation or logistical compliance. This paper addresses the area of contents
compliance within the context of regulations, DOE Orders, and appropriate standards. Common practices and current pitfalls
are also discussed.
NTIS
Hazardous Materials; Packaging; Radioactive Materials; Materials Handling

General Purpose Fissile Package, A Replacement for the 6M Specification Package
Smith, A. C.; May, C. G.; Blanton, P. S.; Abramczyk, G. A.; Gelder, L. F.; January 2006; 18 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The General Purpose Fissile Package (GPFP) is a robust, single containment package, capable of transporting Plutonium
and Uranium metals and oxides. The DOT 6M specification package is being withdrawn from service and the GPFP has been
designed as a robust, cost-effective, user-friendly replacement. The design incorporates the proven Chalfont type containment
vessel, employed by the widely used 9975 package. Based on the package size and proposed contents, its evaluation includes
the 10CFR71.73 ‘Crush’ test. To ensure this capability, the package overpack was constructed using urethane foam and load
distribution features. Testing has confirmed the packages ability to withstand the hypothetical accident condition tests, as
specified in the Code of Federal Regulations. The features important to users are discussed and test results are described in
this presentation.
NTIS
Fissionable Materials; Packaging; Replacing; Containment
76
Post Fire Transient Temperature Distribution in Drum Type Packages
Smith, A.; January 2006; 12 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
This study investigates the temperature distribution in an idealized cylindrical package subjected to the HAC Fire
transient. Cases for several common overpack materials, with thermal conductivity spanning two orders of magnitude, are
considered. The results show that the interior temperature distribution and maximum interior temperature are determined by
the heat generation of the contents and the thermal resistance of the package materials. Heat generation has a dominant effect
on the peak temperature in the center (containment vessel region) of the package, when the internal thermal resistance is high.
For cases where the internal resistance is low, heat conducted into the interior during the fire determines the peak temperature
in the center, containment vessel region. The thermal wave effect, where the interior temperature continues to rise after the
end of the fire exposure, is present in all cases. The study complements the parametric studies of effects of thermal properties
on thermal response of packages which were previously reported.
NTIS
Fires; Packaging; Temperature Distribution
20060050209 Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC, USA, Savannah River Lab., Aiken, SC, USA
Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Effects of Burst Properties of Pressure Vessels
Lam, P. S.; Morgan, M. J.; Imrich, K. J.; Chapman, G. K.; January 2006; 24 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882682; WSRC-2005-00642; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Burst testing is used to assess the performance of stainless steel pressure vessels designed to contain tritium, a radioactive
isotope of hydrogen. Burst ductility of tritium-exposed vessels is reduced in time as a result of the combined embrittlement
effects from tritium that has diffused into the microstructure and its radioactive decay product, helium-3. A materials system
model and finite element procedure were developed to predict burst pressure and the vessel volume change (ductility) during
burst testing. The model is used to predict changes in burst pressure and ductility from the tritium service history, known
values of tritium diffusivity, and published data on the effects of tritium and helium on the tensile properties of stainless steel.
Good agreement has been achieved with actual burst test data for unexposed vessels.
NTIS
Helium; Predictions; Pressure Effects; Pressure Vessels; Tritium

Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance Prediction
Lam, P. S.; Morgan, M. J.; Oct. 2005; 36 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The burst test is used to assess the material performance of tritium reservoirs in the surveillance program in which
reservoirs have been in service for extended periods of time. A materials system model and finite element procedure were
developed under a Savannah River Site Plant-Directed Research and Development (PDRD) program to predict the structural
response under a full range of loading and aged material conditions of the reservoir. The results show that the predicted burst
pressure and volume ductility are in good agreement with the actual burst test results for the unexposed units. The material
tensile properties used in the calculations were obtained from a curved tensile specimen harvested from a companion reservoir
by Electric Discharge Machining (EDM).
NTIS
Performance Prediction; Reservoirs; Tritium
77
24
COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of laminates and other composite materials.

Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge
Impact Damage Thresholds
Fasanella, Edwin L.; Sotiris, Kellas; January 09, 2006; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214505; L-19275; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Static 3-point bend tests of Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) were conducted to failure to provide data for additional
validation of an LS-DYNA RCC model suitable for predicting the threshold of impact damage to shuttle orbiter wing leading
edges. LS-DYNA predictions correlated well with the average RCC failure load, and were good in matching the load vs.
deflection. However, correlating the detectable damage using NDE methods with the cumulative damage parameter in
LS-DYNA material model 58 was not readily achievable. The difficulty of finding internal RCC damage with NDE and the
high sensitivity of the mat58 damage parameter to the load near failure made the task very challenging. In addition, damage
mechanisms for RCC due to dynamic impact of debris such as foam and ice and damage mechanisms due to a static loading
were, as expected, not equivalent.
Author
Carbon-Carbon Composites; Leading Edges; Nondestructive Tests; Impact Damage; Wings; Static Loads; Static Tests; Bend
Tests

3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspective
Reeder, James R.; [2006]; 19 pp.; In English; American Society for Composites 21st Annual Technical Conference, 17-20
Sep. 2006, Dearborn, MI, USA; Original contains color illustrations
A03, Hardcopy
Many delamination failure criteria based on fracture toughness have been suggested over the past few decades, but most
only covered the region containing mode I and mode II components of loading because that is where toughness data existed.
With new analysis tools, more 3D analyses are being conducted that capture a mode III component of loading. This has
increased the need for a fracture criterion that incorporates mode III loading. The introduction of a pure mode III fracture
toughness test has also produced data on which to base a full 3D fracture criterion. In this paper, a new framework for
visualizing 3D fracture criteria is introduced. The common 2D power law fracture criterion was evaluated to produce
unexpected predictions with the introduction of mode III and did not perform well in the critical high mode I region. Another
2D criterion that has been shown to model a wide range of materials well was used as the basis for a new 3D criterion. The
new criterion is based on assumptions that the relationship between mode I and mode III toughness is similar to the relation
between mode I and mode II and that a linear interpolation can be used between mode II and mode III. Until mixed-mode data
exists with a mode III component of loading, 3D fracture criteria cannot be properly evaluated, but these assumptions seem
reasonable.
Author
Delaminating; Fracture Strength; Fracturing; Interpolation; Failure
20060048497 Army Research Lab., Hampton, VA, USA

Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sensors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Resistance of Composite Laminates
Under Mode I Loading
Murri, Gretchen B.; [2006]; 30 pp.; In English; American Society for Composites 21st Annual Technical Conference, 17-20
Sep. 2006, Dearborn, MI, USA; Original contains color illustrations
A03, Hardcopy
Double-cantilevered beam (DCB) specimens of a glass/epoxy composite material with embedded piezoelectric sensors
were tested both statically and under fatigue loading to determine the effect of the embedded material on the Mode I fracture
toughness and fatigue resistance compared to baseline data without the embedded elements. A material known as
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LaRC-Macrofiber Composite (LaRC-MFC (TradeMark)), or MFC, was embedded at the midplane of the specimen during the
layup. Specimens were manufactured with the embedded MFC material either at the loaded end of the specimen to simulate
an initial delamination; or with the MFC material located at the delaminating interface, with a Teflon film at the loaded end
to simulate an initial delamination. There were three types of specimens with the embedded material at the delaminating
interface: co-cured with no added adhesive; cured with a paste adhesive applied to the embedded element; or cured with a film
adhesive added to the embedded material. Tests were conducted with the sensors in both the passive and active states. Results
were compared to baseline data for the same material without embedded elements. Interlaminar fracture toughness values
(G(sub Ic)) for the passive condition showed little change when the MFC was at the insert end. Passive results varied when
the MFC was at the delaminating interface. For the co-cured case and with the paste adhesive, G(sub Ic) decreased compared
to the baseline toughness, whereas, for the film adhesive case, G(sub Ic) was significantly greater than the baseline toughness,
but the failure was always catastrophic. When the MFC was in the active state, G(sub Ic) was generally lower compared to
the passive results. Fatigue tests showed little effect of the embedded material whether it was active or passive compared to
baseline values.
Author
Composite Materials; Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics; Piezoelectricity; Cantilever Beams; Epoxy Matrix Composites;
Fatigue (Materials); Embedding
20060048710 Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL USA

Scaling of Energy Absorption in Composites to Enhance Survivability
Bazant, Zdenek P; Aug 2006; 24 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-1-0326
Hardcopy
The objective of this paper is to study the size effect on the nominal strength of imperfect sandwich structures for buckling
driven delamination, to quantify this size effect, and to determine its intensity. A secondary objective is to assess the size effect
on the postpeak energy absorption, important for judging survival under blast or dynamic impact. Buckling driven
delamination is difficult to control in experiments. Thus, the present study relies on numerical simulations using geometrically
nonlinear finite element analysis as well as the softening foundation model, which is an adaptation of Winkler elastic
foundation. Delamination fracture is modeled by a cohesive crack model. Dimensionless variables are used to cover the entire
practical range.
DTIC
Buckling; Composite Materials; Energy Absorption; Sandwich Structures

Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites
Hernandez, Corey D.; Zhang, Mei; Fang, Shaoli; Baughman, Ray H.; Gates, Thomas S.; Kahng, Seun K.; September 22, 2006;
6 pp.; In English; Proceedings of MN2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites 2006, 20-22 Sep. 2006, Honolulu, HI, USA;
Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): Paper MN2006-17028; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
By forming composite structures with Carbon Nanotube (CNT) yarns we achieve materials capable of measuring strain
and composite structures with increased mechanical strength. The CNT yarns used are of the 2-ply and 4-ply variety with the
yarns having diameters of about 15-30 micrometers. The strain sensing characteristics of the yarns are investigated on test
beams with the yarns arranged in a bridge configuration. Additionally, the strain sensing properties are also investigated on
yarns embedded on the surface of a flexible membrane. Initial mechanical strength tests also show an increase in the modulus
of elasticity of the composite materials while incurring a weight penalty of less than one-percent. Also presented are initial
temperature characterizations of the yarns.
Author
Carbon Nanotubes; Yarns; Composite Structures; Mechanical Properties
20060049624 Academy of Sciences (Russia), Moscow, Russian Federation

Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Reinforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theoretical Computation and Experimental
Validation of the Theory Using Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Compounds
Lurie, Sergey A; Jun 24, 2005; 269 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454656; ISTC-2154P; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A12, Hardcopy
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This report results from a contract tasking Computing Center of Academy of Sciences as follows: The description of the
mechanical characteristics and prediction of the behavior of composite materials reinforced by short carbon fibers and fillers
is the goal of the project. The development of the theoretical techniques of the research of reinforced composite materials with
taking into account of interphasic interactions between carbon fibers and the matrix represents the task of the project. The
experimental validation of the theoretical research by using the measured mechanical properties of reinforced composite
materials is also the task of the project. The accomplishment of such tasks has been possible thanks to the recent program of
mathematical description and modeling of interfacial interactions and also to the appropriate experimental test. To describe
the effective medium characteristics with nanoscale structures the homogenization problem is solved. The methods of
solutions of the identification problems are developed within framework of the Project for designed models with nanoscale
structures. A strong impact on the knowledge of composite theoretical behavior is expected as a result of this Project. The
obtained experimental results should support the extension of the mathematical description to other kinds of composites,
mainly fiber/epoxy, carbon/carbon etc.
DTIC
Carbon Fibers; Composite Materials; Fillers; Rubber
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INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Includes the analysis, synthesis, and use of inorganic and organic compounds; combustion theory; electrochemistry; and
photochemistry. For related information see category 34 Fluid Dynamics and Thermodynamics. For astrochemistry see category 90
Astrophysics.

ISS Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Project -2006 Update
Morrison, Russell H.; Holt, Mike; [2006]; 13 pp.; In English; 2006 International Conference on Environmental Systems
(ICES) 36th Annual Meeting, 17-20 Jul. 2006, Norfolk, VA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS15-10000
Report No.(s): Rept-06ICES-114; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048169; Avail.: CASI: A03,
Hardcopy
The IATCS coolant has experienced a number of anomalies in the time since the US Lab was first activated on Flight 5A
in February 2001. These have included: 1) a decrease in coolant pH, 2) increases in inorganic carbon, 3) a reduction in
phosphate concentration, 4) an increase in dissolved nickel and precipitation of nickel salts, and 5) increases in microbial
concentration. These anomalies represent some risk to the system, have been implicated in some hardware failures and are
suspect in others. The ISS program has conducted extensive investigations of the causes and effects of these anomalies and
has developed a comprehensive program to remediate the coolant chemistry of the on-orbit system as well as provide a robust
and compatible coolant solution for the hardware yet to be delivered. This paper presents a status of the coolant stability over
the past year as well as results from destructive analyses of hardware removed from the on-orbit system and the current
approach to coolant remediation.
Author
Active Control; Coolants; Temperature Control; International Space Station; Chemical Analysis

Long Term Corrosion Potential and Corrosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chloride Plus Nitrate Brines
Evans, K. J.; Stuart, M. L.; Etien, R. A.; Hust, G. A.; Estill, J. C.; Nov. 08, 2005; 32 pp.; In English
Alloy 22 is a nickel base alloy highly resistant to all forms of corrosion. In conditions where tight crevices exist in hot
chloride containing solutions and at anodic potentials, Alloy 22 may suffer crevice corrosion, a form of localized attack. The
occurrence (or not) of crevice corrosion in a given environment (e.g. salt concentration and temperature), is governed by the
values of the critical potential (E(sub crit)) for crevice corrosion and the corrosion potential (E(sub corr)) that the alloy may
establish in the studied environment. If E(sub corr) is equal or higher than E(sub crit), crevice corrosion may be expected. In
addition, it is generally accepted that as Alloy 22 becomes passive in a certain environment, its E(sub corr) increases and its
corrosion rate (CR) decreases. This paper discusses the evolution of E(sub corr) and corrosion rate (CR) of creviced Alloy 22
specimens in six different mixtures of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium nitrate (KNO(sub 3)) at 100 C. The effect of
immersion time on the value of E(sub crit) was also determined. Two types of specimens were used, polished as-welded
80
(ASW) and as-welded plus solution heat-treated (ASW+SHT). The latter contained the black annealing oxide film on the
surface. Results show that, as the immersion time increases, E(sub corr) increased and the CR decreased. Even for highly
concentrated brine solutions at 100 C the CR was \h 30 nm/year after more than 250 days immersion. Some of the exposed
specimens (mainly the SHT specimens) suffered crevice corrosion at the open circuit potential in the naturally aerated brines.
Immersion times of over 250 days did not reduce the resistance of Alloy 22 to localized corrosion.
NTIS
Brines; Chlorides; Corrosion; Corrosion Resistance; Nickel Alloys; Nitrates
20060048205 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA, USA, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica, Buenos
Aires, Argentina
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chloride Solutions Containing Organic Acids
Carranza, R. M.; Giordano, C. M.; Rodriguez, M. A.; Rebak, R. B.; Nov. 08, 2005; 22 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881895; UCRL-CONF-216907; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
Alloy 22 (N06022) is a nickel based alloy containing alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum and tungsten.
It is highly corrosion resistant both under reducing and under oxidizing conditions. Electrochemical studies such as
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to determine the corrosion behavior of Alloy 22 in 1M NaCl
solutions at various pH values from acidic to neutral at 90 C. Tests were also carried out in NaCl solutions containing oxalic
acid or acetic acid. It is shown that the corrosion rate of Alloy 22 was higher in a solution containing oxalic acid than in a
solution of the same pH acidified with HCl. Acetic acid was not corrosive to Alloy 22. The corrosivity of oxalic acid was
attributed to its capacity to form stable complex species with metallic cations from Alloy 22.
NTIS
Chlorides; Corrosion; Corrosion Resistance; Nickel Alloys

Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Ions
Carranza, R. M.; Rodriauez, M. A.; Rebak, R. B.; Oct. 11, 2005; 22 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881887; UCRL-PROC-215071; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
Alloy 22 (N06022) is highly resistant to localized corrosion. Alloy 22 may be susceptible to crevice corrosion in pure
chloride (Cl(sup -)) solutions under aggressive environmental conditions. The effect of the fluoride (F(sup -)) over the crevice
corrosion induced by chloride ions is still not well established. The objective of the present work was to explore the crevice
corrosion resistance of this alloy to different mixtures of fluorides and chlorides. Cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP)
tests were conducted in deaerated aqueous solutions of pure halide ions and also in different mixtures of chloride and fluoride
at 90 C and pH 6. The range of chloride concentration (Cl(sup -)) was 0.001 M (le) (Cl(sup -)) (le) 1 M and the range of molar
fluoride to chloride ratio (F(sup -))/(Cl(sup -)) was 0.1 (le) (F(sup -))/(Cl(sup -)) (le) 10. Results showed that Alloy 22 was
susceptible to crevice corrosion in all the pure chloride solutions but not in the pure fluoride solutions. Fluoride ions showed
an inhibitor behavior only in mixtures with a molar ratio (F(sup -))/(Cl(sup -)) \g 2. For mixtures with a molar ratio (F(sup
-))/(Cl(sup -)) of 7 and 10 the inhibition of crevice corrosion was complete.
NTIS
Chlorides; Corrosion; Cracks; Fluorides; Ions
20060048213 GE Global Research Center, Irvine, CA, USA

Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, 2003 to September 30, 2005
Rizeq, G.; Kulkarni, P.; Subia, R.; Wei, W.; January 2005; 68 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881860; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
GE Global Research is developing an innovative energy-based technology for coal combustion with high efficiency and
near-zero pollution. This Unmixed Combustion of coal (UMC-Coal) technology simultaneously converts coal, steam and air
into two separate streams of high pressure CO2-rich gas for sequestration, and high-temperature, high-pressure vitiated air for
producing electricity in gas turbine expanders. The UMC process utilizes an oxygen transfer material (OTM) and eliminates
the need for an air separation unit (ASU) and a CO2 separation unit as compared to conventional gasification based processes.
This is the final report for the two-year DOE-funded program (DE-FC26-03NT41842) on this technology that ended in
September 30, 2005. The UMC technology development program encompassed lab- and pilot-scale studies to demonstrate the
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UMC concept. The chemical feasibility of the individual UMC steps was established via lab-scale testing. A pilot plant,
designed in a related DOE funded program (DE-FC26-00FT40974), was reconstructed and operated to demonstrate the
chemistry of UMC process in a pilot-scale system. The risks associated with this promising technology including cost, lifetime
and durability OTM and the impact of contaminants on turbine performance are currently being addressed in detail in a related
ongoing DOE funded program (DE-FC26-00FT40974, Phase II). Results obtained to date suggest that this technology has the
potential to economically meet future efficiency and environmental performance goals.
NTIS
Coal; Combustion
20060048581 Stanford Univ., CA, USA

Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol-Water Mixtures
Woods, K. N.; Wiedemann, H.; Jul. 2005; 26 pp.; In English
Far-infrared absorption spectroscopy has been used to study the low frequency ((center-dot) 100 cm(sup -1))
intermolecular modes of methanol in mixtures with water. With the aid of a first principles molecular dynamics simulation on
an equivalent system, a detailed understanding about the origin of the low frequency IR modes has been established. The total
dipole spectrum from the simulation suggests that the bands appearing in the experimental spectra at approximately 55 cm(sup
-1) and 70 cm(sup -1) in methanol and methanol-rich mixtures arise from both fluctuations and torsional motions occurring
within the methanol hydrogen-bonded chains. The influence of these modes on both the solvation dynamics and the relaxation
mechanisms in the liquid are discussed within the context of recent experimental and theoretical results that have emerged
from studies focusing on the short time dynamics in the methanol hydrogen bond network.
NTIS
Far Infrared Radiation; Infrared Spectra; Methyl Alcohol; Molecular Dynamics; Water
20060048605 ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., Dayton, OH USA

The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Quality and Performance Parameters
Toxopeus, C; Frazier, J M; Apr 1999; 64 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The isolated perfused rat liver system (IPRL) is a useful tool in studying the role of the liver in the kinetics and
metabolism 0 chemicals. A better understanding of how chemicals are taken up, metabolized and excreted by the liver will
help to predict in vivo kinetics. In order to use the IPRL system on a routine basis, standard procedures for the isolation, kinetic
experimentation and quality evaluation of the IPRL need to be developed. This report describes the standard procedure as
developed in our laboratory for preparation and use of the IPRL system. Hepatic enzyme leakage in perfusion medium was
chosen as an overall indicator of liver integrity. More specific parameters of liver performance were bile flow, water content
and the rate of bromosulfophthalein (BSP) elimination. Since BSP is a standard compound in the assessment of liver
performance, the use of this compound will allow comparison of IPRL system performance between research groups. In
addition, BSP kinetics can be sued to assess the performance of the IPRL system when experimental problems and/or chemical
toxicity are suspected. The results presented here demonstrate the performance of the IPRL system in our laboratory and
provide reproducible kinetic data for BSP that serve as quality control standards.
DTIC
Liver; Rats; Reaction Kinetics

Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous Anions
Clewell, Rebecca A; Tsui, David T; Mattie, David R; Jan 1999; 24 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) was used as a technique to determine the feasibility of the use of a coulometric detector in the
determination of perchlorate, iodide, and various other anions commonly found in drinking water. Through the CV analysis,
it was determined that only iodide could be accurately determined through electrochemical detection. Nitrite, sulfide, and
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thiocyanate would be reduced, but are poor candidates for coulometric detection. Perchlorate was not reduced within the range
of potentials allowed by a coulometric detector. Therefore, it does not appear the coulometry can provide an effective method
for the detection of perchlorate. Studies showed that, of the anions tested, only nitrate, sulfide, and thiocyanate would interfere
with the detection of iodide.
DTIC
Anions; Feasibility; Iodides; Perchlorates

Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separation Column
Tsui, David T; Clewell, Rebecca A; Eldridge, J E; Mattle, David R; Oct 1999; 42 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
A new ion chromatography method was developed for perchlorate analysis using a Dionex AS-16 Separation Column.
The AS-16 method proved to be more sensitive and selective than either the AS-5 or the AS-11 method, with a method
detection limit for perchlorate of 0.19 ug/L. The higher capacity of the AS-16 analytical column allows trace level perchlorate
to be detected in samples that could not be analyzed with either of the previous ion chromatography methods, due to the high
concentrations of inorganic and organic contaminants. The method was shown useful in analyzing environmental samples that
contained up to 15,000-ppm total dissolved solids, as compared to the AS-11 method, which could not detect perchlorate in
samples containing 7,000-ppm total dissolved solids. A sample preparation method was also developed in order to remove
interference ions, which can block the perchlorate signal to the detector. This preparation method reduces the background
noise and increases the sensitivity of perchlorate analysis in environmental and industrial matrices.
DTIC
Chromatography; Perchlorates
20060048654 Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Lille, France

Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Study
Ribaucour, M; Minetti, R; Sochet, L R; Curran, H J; Pitz, W J; Westbrook, C K; Aug 4, 2000; 9 pp.; In English; Original
Hardcopy
Experiments in a rapid compression machine were used to examine the influences of variations in fuel molecular structure
on the autoignition of isomers of pentane. Autoignition of stoichiometric mixtures of the three isomers of pentane were studied
at compressed gas initial temperatures between 640 K and 900 K and at precompression pressures of 300 and 400 torr.
Numerical simulations of the same experiments were carried out using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. The
results are interpreted in terms of a low-temperature oxidation mechanism involving addition of molecular oxygen to alkyl and
hydroperoxyalkyl radicals. Results indicate that in most cases, the reactive gases experience a two-stage autoignition. The first
stage follows a low-temperature alkylperoxy radical isomerization pathway that is effectively quenched when the temperature
reaches a level where dissociation reactions of alkylperoxy and hydroperoxyalkylperoxy radicals are more rapid than the
reverse addition steps. The second stage is controlled by the onset of dissociation of hydrogen peroxide. At the highest
compression temperatures achieved, little or no first-stage ignition is observed. Particular attention is given to the influence
of heat transfer and the importance of regions of variable temperature within the compressed gas volume. Implications of this
work on practical ignition problems are discussed.
DTIC
Ignition; Isomers; Molecular Structure; Pentanes; Spontaneous Combustion
20060048658 California Univ., Berkeley, CA USA

On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxidation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Sprays
Clack, Herek L; Koshland, Catherine P; Lucas, Donald; Sawyer, Robert F; Aug 4, 2000; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): P42-ESO-47050-01
Hardcopy
We report species concentration data obtained during the vaporization and thermal decomposition of polydisperse
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multicomponent chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC)/alcohol sprays. Mixtures of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (C2H3Cl3) (TCA) and
isopropanol (C3H7OH) are atomized in the postflame environment of a methane/air (U 0.95) flame. Species concentrations,
determined by extractive Fourier transform infrared analysis, reveal perturbations in TCA destruction and by-product species
formation. The effect of isopropanol addition on by-product species concentrations is similar to previous results involving the
thermal oxidation of TCA/alkane mixtures. TCA destruction is incomplete at injection temperatures less than 1000 K. Under
these conditions, TCA/isopropanol sprays produce lower residual TCA concentrations than pure TCA sprays. Review of
physical property data, numerical modeling (to be published elsewhere), and comparisons with previous experimental results
for TCA/heptane and TCA/hexadecane together suggest two primary findings. First, the conventional approach of
parameterizing fuel volatility by the fuel saturation temperature at 101.3 kPa does not correlate with the trends evident in our
data. For these fuel mixtures and conditions, the latent heat of vaporization (DHv) provides a better correlation. Second, the
data also suggest that, for incineration-resistant multicomponent mixtures, the molecular weights of mixture constituents may
influence droplet combustion characteristics and should be considered when formulating waste-blending strategies.
DTIC
Alcohols; Chlorocarbons; Fuel Injection; Hydrocarbons; Liquid Wastes; Oxidation; Sprayers; Vaporizing
20060048777 Nottingham Univ., UK

Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Compounds in Structure Control
Perry, Carole C; Dec 31, 2005; 141 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
′Si’ (in some form) has been shown to be associated with post-translationally modified protein and carbohydrate
biopolymer components of the plant cell wall from Equisetum arvense. Bioextracts from the plant cell wall and bioinspired
additives from amino acids, peptides, proteins and molecules containing reactive groups such as amines and hydroxyl groups
have been found to modify the properties of silicas generated in their presence. The observed patterns of behaviour are
functionality and structure dependent and centre upon non-covalent interactions between a range of silicon containing species
and the solution phase additives. Electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, the hydrophobic effect and the ordering of water
all play a role in determining the structures adopted by silica produced in aqueous solution. Routes to porous and non-porous
silicas and to silicas that show a range of gross morphologies including spheres, ribbons and structures that superficially mimic
the material they have been formed in conjunction with have been developed. The level of understanding of chemical factors
that affect silica formation has been extensively increased and new silica based materials generated. It is extremely likely that
the set of ′rules’ governing (bio)silicification understood from this project will be used predictively in the future by others.
DTIC
Carbohydrates; Chemical Properties; Molecular Structure; Morphology; Proteins; Silicates
20060048935 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USA

Screening Evaluations for Upland Confined Disposal Facility Effluent Quality
Schroeder, Paul; Estes, Trudy; Bailey, Susan; Aug 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453709; ERDC-TN-DOER-R11; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Section 404 of the Clean Water Act requires evaluation of the potential impacts of dredged material discharges from
confined disposal facilities (CDFs). A joint U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) Technical Framework (USACE/EPA 2004) provides guidance for evaluation of potential contaminant pathways
to determine if controls or management actions are required. Guidance for implementation of the Technical Framework is
provided in the USACE Upland Testing Manual (UTM) (USACE 2003). The UTM provides a tiered approach for performing
pathway evaluations. Tier II of the UTM contains a screening methodology to determine the need for pathway testing. The
screens compare screening criteria, such as water quality standards, with predictions based on bulk sediment chemistry and
partitioning//bioavailability relationships. One potential pathway of contaminant release from CDFs is effluent water
discharged during CDF filling operations. An elutriate test procedure is available to predict chemical releases in effluent for
comparison to water quality criteria, and water column bioassays are available to determine potential toxicity of effluent
(Palermo and Thackston 1988a, 1988b; Palermo 1985; EPA/USACE 1998; USACE 2003). This technical note provides
procedures developed for Tier II of the Upland Testing Manual (USACE 2003) to conduct an initial screening evaluation of
CDF effluent quality. The screening evaluation is based on equilibrium partioning principles and conservative application of
design and operating principles for CDFs.
DTIC
Confinement; Contaminants; Dredged Materials; Effluents; Waste Disposal; Water Quality
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Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Upper Mississippi River Backwater Lake
James, William F; Richardson, William B; Strauss, Eric A; Bartsch, Lynn A; Cavanaugh, Jennifer C; Aug 2006; 21 pp.; In
English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453725; ERDC-TN-SWWRP-06-8; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
Proximate goals of this research were to quantify the rates of nitrate removal, identify processes responsible for nitrogen
transformations, and determine patterns of nitrogen loss from a backwater lake of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR). The
long-range goal was to determine the management potential for removing nitrogen from the UMR by increasing flows of
nitrogen-rich main channel water through backwater lakes.
DTIC
Drainage; Fresh Water; Lakes; Mississippi River (US); Nitrogen
20060048957 Leeds Univ., UK

A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Development Under Microgravity
Fairlie, R; Griffiths, J F; Pearlman, H; Aug 4, 2000; 8 pp.; In English
The existence and spatial development of hydrocarbon cool flames in a spherical vessel under the influence of mass and
thermal diffusion have been investigated by numerical methods. The purpose is to examine the nature of the interaction of the
physics and chemistry that may drive an oscillatory reaction. The conditions correspond to those that would be experienced
at zero gravity, as has been recently put to experimental test. Comparisons and contrasts with responses under perfectly mixed
conditions are made. The numerical simulation was based on a skeleton thermokinetic scheme, derived from that of Yang and
Gray, in a three-variable model representing two intermediate species and reactant temperature. Dirichlet and Neumann
boundary conditions could be variously selected. The equations were cast in one dimension (spherical symmetry) and
integrated using the numerical algorithm group routine D03PSF. The reactor surface was assumed to be inert. Both sustained
oscillatory (i.e., multiple) and damped cool flames were predicted to exist under spatially uniform conditions resembling those
reported in previous experimental studies. The phase relationship between the chemical species and temperature in sustained
oscillation is demonstrated. The spatial development reveals the growth and decay of the reactive intermediate concentrations,
with a corresponding expansion of a combustion front from the center of the reaction system to the edge. High concentrations
of intermediates were sustained in the cooler periphery where reaction continued to be supported. Only at abnormally high
mass diffusive fluxes could sustained oscillatory reaction be recovered. The dependence of oscillations on the magnitude of
mass and thermal diffusion coefficients is explored.
DTIC
Flame Temperature; Flames; Hydrocarbons; Microgravity
20060048990 Air Force Research Lab., Hanscom AFB, MA USA

Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clutter Scenarios
Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Lin, Freeman C; Gerlach, Karl R; Jan 21, 2004; 14 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-2304E8; Proj-304IN
This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in severely heterogeneous clutter environments. Specifically,
we present the performance of the normalized matched filter test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having
a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when
the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the (LRNMF) test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well
as the background noise level and has an approximately constant false alarm rate (CFAR). Performance of the test depends
only upon the number of elements, the number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval, and the rank of the clutter
covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented.
Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive
version of the test (LRNAMF) is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program.
Results pertaining to sample support for subspace estimation, CFAR, and detection performance are presented. Target
contamination of training data has a deleterious impact on the performance of the test. Therefore, a technique known as
self-censoring reiterative fast maximum likelihood/adaptive power residue (SCRFML/APR) is developed to treat this problem
and its performance is discussed. The SCRFML/APR method is used to estimate the unknown covariance matrix in the
85
presence of outliers. This covariance matrix estimate can then be used in the LRNAMF or any other eigen-based adaptive
processing technique.
DTIC
Clutter; Detection; Extremely Low Frequencies; Heterogeneity; Maximum Likelihood Estimates; Radar Targets; Residues;
Signal Processing; Target Acquisition
20060049007 Army Natick Research and Development Command, MA USA

Fluidized Bed Biodenitrification Process
Wendt, T M; Heider, Jr , P F; Kaplan, A M; Aug 1978; 25 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453897; NATICK/TR-78/035; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A fluidized bed biodenitrification process was operated at bench-scale on simulated high nitrate waste waters. Early results
with a cylindrical column were poor but very markedly improved with a change to a conical shaped column. Nitrate reduction
efficiency with the conical column was excellent using either conventional alcohol carbon/energy sources or less conventional
dairy whey and sugar beet molasses carbon/energy sources. Suitable conditions for the fluidized bed process were ensured by
operating more conventional deep packed bed and mixed vessel systems concurrently with the fluidized bed. The fluidized bed
process can be operated continuously with stable, highly efficient nitrate removal efficiency over long time periods on
simulated munitions manufacturing westewater high in nitrate.
DTIC
Ammunition; Nitrates; Waste Water

Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seeding
DeLapp, II, Charles J; May 2006; 96 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-06-111
The purpose of this research effort was to study the use of non-intrusive particle seeding for Particle Image Velocimetry
(PIV). Current seeding material and techniques involve the use of either solid particles or liquid mixtures which can
contaminate or damage closed circuit wind tunnels, and in some cases can introduce a potential fire or explosive hazard. The
proposed method is based on creating seed particles utilizing Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The CO2 would be dispensed into the
flow as a liquid, immediately condensing to solid seed particles as they leave the spray nozzle. The advantage of using these
particles is that they will sublimate from their solid state to harmless CO2 gas that would neither contaminate nor damage the
tunnel and would not present a combustion hazard. The goal of this research is to determine if this technique is capable of
yielding suitable CO2 seed particles, in an attempt to be able to ensure their suitability for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV).
Particle sizing data was acquired for a small-scale low-speed flow, and a size range on the order of 10 micrometers was a
common result for a variety of different nozzle and flow conditions. It was determined that with little modification, a
commercial CO2 cleaning device created enough suitably sized seed tracer particles to execute PIV measurements and a
proof-of-concept was successfully demonstrated in a supersonic flow using this technique.
DTIC
Carbon Dioxide; Combustion; Liquids; Nonintrusive Measurement; Particle Image Velocimetry
20060049091 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USA

Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Children from Burma
Kemmer, Teresa; Hansch, Steven; Wantanee, Kongsomboon; Bovill, Maria; Beisler, Karen L; Cheney, Carrie; Shell-Duncan,
Bettina K; Drewnowski, Adam; Dec 2002; 8 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453838; M02-33; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in refugees is reported to be among the major medical problems worldwide. Because food
rations are typically inadequate in iwn, long-term reliance is a key predictor of anemia among displaced people.
Comprehensive nutritional assessments of refugee children from Burma have not previously been completed. Refugee
children aged 6-59 mo were studied to determine 1) the prevalences of anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and IDA and 2) the factors
associated with anemia and ID. Cluster sampling in three camps and convenience sampling in two additional camps were used.
Hemoglobin (Hb) levels were measured and imol zinc protoporphyrin/mol heme were determined in 975 children. Logistic
regression analyses (95% Cl) determined predictors of anemia and ID. The prevalences of IDA, anemia and ID in these
86
refugee children were 64.9, 72.0 and 85.4%, respectively. Predictors of anemia included young age (P 0.001), food ration
lasting \h1 mo (P = 0.001), daily consumption of dietary iron inhibitors (P 0.05). weight-for-height Z-score of \h-2 (P 0.05),
male gender (P 0.05) and uneducated father (P \h 0.001). Predictors of ID were young age (P \h 0.001) and recently reported
illness (P \h 0.05). Laboratory tests confirmed that anemia and ID are major health problems among these refugee children
and that ID is the leading cause of anemia. A comprehensive nutrition and public health-focused approach to combating
anemia and ID is essential. Following the presentation of results to policy makers, the improvement of the micronutrient
content of rations has been initiated.
DTIC
Anemias; Burma; Children; Diets; Food; Iron; Nutrition
20060049178 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA, USA, Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USA
Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, 2002-February 28, 2006.)
Singh, P. M.; Pawel, S. J.; Apr. 30, 2006; 156 pp.; In English
This research project was initiated to examine details of the initiation and propagation of SAC in recovery boiler tubes.
NTIS
Boilers; Carbon Steels; Pipes (Tubes); Stress Corrosion
20060049179 Wyoming Univ., Laramie, WY, USA

Applications of Layered Double Hydroxides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater.
Final Report
Jin, S.; Fallgren, P.; Mar. 2006; 30 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882853; WRI-06-R006; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Western Research Institute (WRI), in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), conducted a study of using
the layered double hydroxides (LDH) as filter material to remove microorganisms, large biological molecules, certain anions
and toxic oxyanions from various waste streams, including wastewater from refineries. Results demonstrate that LDH has a
high adsorbing capability to those compounds with negative surface charge. Constituents studied include model bacteria,
viruses, arsenic, selenium, vanadium, diesel range hydrocarbons, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), mixed petroleum
constituents, humic materials and anions. This project also attempted to modify the physical structure of LDH for the
application as a filtration material. Flow characterizations of themodified LDH materials were also investigated. Results to date
indicate that LDH is a cost-effective new material to be used for wastewater treatment, especially for the treatment of anions
and oxyanions.
NTIS
Crude Oil; Hydroxides; Industrial Wastes; Mining; Oils; Refining; Waste Water

Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Dehydrated Rats
Matthew, Candance B; Bastille, Amy M; Gonzalez, Richard R; Sils, Ingrid V; Hoyt, Reed W; Jan 2004; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453854; M03-44; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453854; Avail.: CASI:
A02, Hardcopy
Telemetry-equipped rats were subjected to hyperthermia (H, T sub c) = 41.5 deg C) with and without dehydration (D 9%
loss of body weight) stresses. Time domain and spectral analysis of heart rate variability indicated that the dehydrated
hyperthermic (DH) rats had increased sympathetic activity compared to H rats, and DH rats had decreased discriminated the
more physiologically stressful of these states. These non-invasive measures of physiological strain discriminated the more
physiologically stressful of these states.
DTIC
Dehydration; Heart Rate; Physiology; Rats; Variability
20060049202 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USA

Dynamics and Suppression Effectiveness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Non-Premixed Counterflow Flames
Zegers, E J; Williams, B A; Sheinson, R S; Fleming, J W; Aug 2000; 8 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
87
In situ measurements of velocity and size distributions of initially monodisperse water mists of initial diameters ranging
from 14 micrometers to 42 micrometers seeded into the air stream of non-premixed propane/air counterflow flames are
reported. Droplets were generated piezoelectrically, and the size and velocity distributions and the number density were
determined by phase-Doppler particle anemometry. Droplets having initial diameters of 18 micrometers underwent complete
vaporization in a counterflow flame at a strain rate of approximately 170 s-1, while droplets of 30 micrometers penetrated
slightly beyond the visible flame zone. Measurements of the effect of water droplets on the extinction strain rates of
propane/air counterflow flames were performed. Droplets having initial diameters of 14 micrometers and 30 micrometers were
found to have similar suppression effectiveness, while droplets of 42 micrometers were substantially less effective at reducing
the extinction strain rates. Both the 14 micrometer and 30 micrometer water droplets were found to be more effective, on a
mass basis, than CF3Br. The present experimental results are in excellent agreement with the predictions of recent modeling
studies exploring the behavior of various sized water droplets in counterflow flame.
DTIC
Counterflow; Drops (Liquids); Fires; Flames; Fluid Dynamics; Premixed Flames; Water

Effects of Frequency and Environment on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200
Deg. C
Hetrick, Griffin; Jun 2006; 118 pp.; In English
Advances in aeronautical engineering in the 21st century depend upon materials that can perform well in extreme
environments such as high temperatures and oxidizing conditions. Nextel(Trademark)720/Alumina (N720/A) is an
oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite with a porous alumina matrix that has been identified as a candidate material for such
applications. This research investigated the effects of frequency on fatigue response of N720/A at 1200C in both air and steam
environment. Prior investigation of this material by Eber [8] in 2005 studied fatigue behavior at 1200C in air and in steam
environments at the frequency of 1.0 Hz. The current research focused on fatigue response at the frequencies of 0.1 Hz and
10 Hz. Results of mechanical testing showed a significant decrease in fatigue performance in steam versus air. Specimens
tested at 0.1 Hz exhibited shorter fatigue lives and smaller strains at failure than those tested at 10 Hz. Scanning Electron
Micrographs of specimen fracture surfaces revealed higher degrees of fiber pull-out and greater variation in fiber failure
locations in specimens tested at 10 Hz, indicating a weakening of the fiber/matrix interface. Qualitative assessment using
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy showed correlations between frequency and amount of silicon species migration between
fiber and matrix.
DTIC
Aluminum Oxides; Ceramic Matrix Composites; Environmental Tests; Frequencies; Oxides
20060049229 Army Center for Health Promotion and Preventive Medicine (Provisional), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
USA
Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices
Lundquist, Arthur; Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 20 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453953; USACHPPM-31-004-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453953;
Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to potable water. Using Individual
Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations. Understanding the
ability of filtration to reduce disease-causing microorganisms in water is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering
using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth
review of filtration (including adsorption and ion exchange) as a pathogen and particulate reduction mechanism when treating
natural waters. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the capabilities of IWPDs using size exclusion,
adsorption, and/or ion exchange to reduce disease-causing bacteria, virus, and protozoan cyst populations, as well as turbidity
causing particulate matter.
DTIC
Filtration; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Potable Water; Protection; Water Treatment
88
USA
Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices
Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 10 pp.; In English
Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to microbiologically safe water.
Using Individual Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide microbiologically safe water in these situations.
Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of
electrochemically generated oxidants (EGO) to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting
Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This
information paper provides an in-depth review of on-site EGO as a disinfectant in potable water supplies. This paper is
intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of IWPDs using EGO to kill or inactivate
disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts.
DTIC
Antiseptics; Electrochemistry; Oxidizers; Potable Water; Purification; Water Treatment
USA
Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices
Such IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of iodine
to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this
technology, from acute health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of
iodine as a disinfectant in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection
capabilities of IWPDs using iodine to kill or inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts.
DTIC
Antiseptics; Iodine; Potable Water; Purification; Water Treatment
USA
Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices
These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of
chlorine dioxide to kill or inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting soldiers, who are considering
review of chlorine dioxide as a disinfectant in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating
the disinfection capabilities of IWPDs using chlorine dioxide to kill or inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and
protozoan cysts.
DTIC
Antiseptics; Chlorine; Chlorine Compounds; Dioxides; Water; Water Treatment
89
Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Fiber Orientation
Siegert, Gregory T; Jun 2006; 145 pp.; In English
Aerospace applications require materials capable of maintaining superior mechanical properties while operating at high
temperatures and oxidizing environments. Nextel(trademark) 720/A (N720/A), an oxide/oxide ceramic matrix composite
(CMC) with a porous alumina matrix was developed specifically to provide improved long-term properties and performance
at 1200 deg C. This research evaluated the creep behavior of N720/A with a plus or minus 45 deg fiber orientation at 1200
deg C in: laboratory air, 100% steam, and 100% argon environments. Creep-rupture tests at the creep stress levels of: 45, 40,
35, and 15 MPa were conducted in each environment.
DTIC
Aluminum Oxides; Ceramic Fibers; Ceramic Matrix Composites; Creep Properties; Environmental Tests; Fiber Orientation;
Oxidation; Oxides
20060049251 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USA

Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3-Butadiene Decomposition
Tsang, Wing; Mokrushin, Vladmir; Aug 4, 2000; 8 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Data on the decomposition of 1,3-butadiene have been analyzed. The numerous isomerization processes that have recently
been proposed as additional channels for decomposition have been considered. Energy transfer effects have been taken into
account through the solution of the time-dependent master equation. We confirm recent supposition that direct formation of
ethylene and acetylene is a major reaction channel during the thermal decomposition of 1,3-butadiene. The isomerization to
1,2-butadiene and its subsequent decomposition to form propargyl and methyl is the next most important process. Almost no
vinyl radicals are produced. The formation of the isomerization products, in contrast to those from the initial reactant, is
generally characterized by long transients before the attainment of a steady state. Standard methods of treating processes
where such reactions are important must be carefully analyzed. The calculations are calibrated with experimental results. It
proved not to be possible to fit simultaneously all the experimental observations with the model. Rate expressions for the major
decomposition and isomerization channels are presented.
DTIC
Butadiene; Constants; Decomposition; Reaction Kinetics

Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Behind a Step
Grosshandler, William; Hamins, Anthony; McGrattan, Kevin; Charagundla, S R; Presser, Cary; Aug 2000; 9 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Because of its many positive attributes, halon 1301, or trifluorobromomethane (CF3Br), has been used as a fire
extinguishing agent in many applications, including aircraft, ships, and specialized structures. Due to its high ozone depletion
potential, however, world-wide production was halted in 1994. In the search for a long-range replacement, novel types of
extinguishing agents and delivery mechanisms are under development. To gauge the suitability of a replacement agent,
methods are needed to evaluate the material’s suppression effectiveness under conditions that relate to field applications. In
this study, a laboratory-scale facility has been developed to screen the suppression effectiveness of agents that are delivered
in a transient fashion, such as solid propellant gas generators. The facility features a pool fire stabilized behind an obstruction,
which is known to be a highly challenging suppression configuration. The character of the flame and the impact of the air flow,
propane flow, obstruction geometry, and rate of agent addition on the amount of material needed for suppression are examined
for N2 and CF3Br. The impact of the injection process on the flowfield and the transport of the agent downstream are
examined. A simple mixing model is useful to explain the observed trend of decreasing suppressant mass fraction with
increasing injection duration, even for agents as different as CF3Br and N2. Direct numerical simulation of the suppression
event is shown to successfully predict the quantity and rate of N2 required to extinguish the flame based upon a published
global reaction rate for premixed propane/air flame propagation.
DTIC
Fire Extinguishers; Flame Propagation; Premixed Flames
90
Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Blends of Inert and Catalytic Agents
Linteris, G T; Rumminger, M D; Babushok, V; Tsang, W; Aug 2000; 9 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The production of the fire suppressant CF3Br has been banned, and finding a replacement with all of its desirable
properties is proving difficult. Iron pentacarbonyl has been found to be up to several orders of magnitude more effective than
CF3Br, but it is flammable and highly toxic. Ferrocene [Fe(C5H5)2], which is much less toxic and flammable than Fe(CO)5,
can also be used to introduce iron into a flame. We present the first experimental data and numerical modeling for flame
inhibition by ferrocene and find it to behave similarly to Fe(CO)5. A ferrocene mole fraction of 200 ppm reduced the burning
velocity of slightly preheated premixed methane/air flames by a factor of two, and the effectiveness dropped off sharply at
higher mole fractions. For air with a higher oxygen mole fraction, the burning velocity reduction was less. We also present
experimental data and modeling for flames with ferrocene blended with CO2 or CF3H. The combination of the thermally
acting agent CO2 with ferrocene mitigated the loss of effectiveness experienced by ferrocene alone at higher mole fractions.
An agent consisting of 1.5% ferrocene in 98.5% CO2 performed as effectively as CF3Br in achieving a 50% reduction in
burning velocity. Likewise, four times less CO2 was required to achieve the 50% reduction if 0.35% ferrocene was added to
the CO2. In contrast, addition of 0.35% ferrocene to the hydrofluorocarbon CF3H reduced the CF3H required to achieve the
50% reduction in burning velocity by only about 25%. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations predict that the formation of
iron/fluoride compounds can reduce the concentrations of the iron-species oxide and hydroxide intermediates which are
believed to be responsible for the catalytic radical recombination cycles.
DTIC
Catalysts; Ferrocenes; Fire Extinguishers; Flames; Inhibitors; Mixtures

Characterization of Passivated Indium Antimonide
Taylor, Catherine A; Jun 2006; 87 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454283; AFIT/GEO/ENP/06-03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454283;
Infrared absorption and photoluminescence measurements have been used to optically characterize bulk-grown, 680
micrometers thick, indium antimonide (InSb), both as-grown and after passivation by either anodization or a 700 Angstrom
layer of silicon oxide (SiOx). Spectra were obtained using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Results include
the effects of sample temperature in the range of 10 - 300 K and 4.636 micrometers laser pump power in the range of 28 mW
to 1.43 W for the photoluminescence spectrum.
DTIC
Indium Antimonides; Infrared Radiation; Photoluminescence
20060049401 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USA

Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Materials Processing Technology
Groves, J F; Mattausch, G; Morgner, H; Hass, D D; Wadley, H N; Jan 2000; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Hardcopy
Directed vapor deposition (DVD) is a recently developed electron beam-based evaporation technology designed to
enhance the creation of high performance thick and thin film coatings on small area surfaces (generally 100 cm2 or less). DVD
technology development has been driven by a desire to combine four processing capabilities into one industrially appealing
system. These capabilities are: 1) very high rate deposition (5 micrometers/min and higher over a 100 cm2 area), 2) very high
material utilization efficiencies (on 100 cm2 areas, efficiencies should at least triple that of other coating technologies), 3)
precise control of growing film atomic structure, and 4) highly flexible definition of growing film atomic composition. These
criteria have led to the development of a unique plasma-enhanced electron beam evaporation tool which will be described
here. Initial experimental and modeling results will also be presented to demonstrate how the selected technology solution is
allowing the desired processing features to be achieved.
DTIC
Low Vacuum; Vapor Deposition; Vapors
91
Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) with Small Molecules
Viggiano, A A; Midey, Anthony J; Ehlerding, A; Sep 2006; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8718-04-C-0006; F61775-02-C-4032; Proj-2303EP4
Report No.(s): AD-A454488; AFRL-VS-HA-TR-2006-1083; No Copyright; ONLINE:
Rate constants and product distributions have been measured for a number of simple molecules reacting with ONOO(-)
at 200 and 300K. NO, CO, H2, CH4, N2O, and H2O did not react with ONOO(-). HCl and HCN underwent proton transfer
in addition to other competing channels. Charge transfer from ONOO(-) was observed exclusively with O3 and NO2. SO2
and HCl underwent exchange for NO in ONOO(-). HCN was the only substance to show substantial chemistry, producing
CNO(-) and NO2(-) in addition to the proton transfer channel. Rate constants for the reactive substances were generally rapid,
occurring at \g10% of the collision rate constant.
DTIC
Chemical Reactions; Molecules; Reaction Kinetics
20060049463 Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Switzerland

New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sensitive Equipment Decontamination
Severin, Kay; May 2006; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-04-M-0010
Hardcopy
A ruthenium porphyrin catalyst with styrene side chains was incorporated into a highly cross-linked polymer by
co-polymerization with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of a chloroform porogen. Oxidation reactions catalyzed
by the resulting polymer were accelerated when perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PFMC) was used as a co-solvent. Moreover, the
PFMC co-solvent was found to change the substrate selectivity of the catalytic reactions. Both effects could be explained by
a PFMC-induced partitioning of substrates and oxidant into the polymeric, catalyst containing matrix.
DTIC
Catalysts; Decontamination; Oxidation; Polymers; Sensitivity
20060049465 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, Prague, Czechoslovakia

COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Generation of Atomic Iodine
Kodymova, Jarmila; Jul 31, 2005; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8655-05-M-4027
Hardcopy
This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Physics Academy of Science as follows: 1) Experimental
investigation of kinetics of atomic iodine generation via F atoms based on the chemical reaction of F2 with NO, and a
sequential reaction of F with HI performed on a small-scale device will provide detailed information about feasibility and
efficiency of this method for a COIL. 2) Experimental investigations of the small signal gain distribution and laser generation
on the supersonic COIL device modified for injections of gaseous reactants will provide detailed results on the most efficient
and advantageous location of atomic iodine injection into the singlet oxygen flow in the laser. 3) More sophisticated
computational CFD model of this reaction system will be developed to optimizing the mixing conditions and interpret
experimental results.
DTIC
Atoms; Chemical Lasers; Chemical Oxygen-Iodine Lasers; Chemical Reactions; Iodine; Lasers; Reaction Kinetics
20060049472 Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp., Redondo Beach, CA USA
Xenon Feed System Progress
Barbaritis, Joseph K; King, Paul T; Jan 2006; 12 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
This paper reports on Moog’s efforts to support the design, development, assembly and test of an electric propulsion
92
xenon feed system for a flight technology demonstration program. Major accomplishments include: 1) Utilization of the Moog
Proportional Flow Control Valve (PFCV), for the purpose of propellant isolation, pressure, and flow control. With pressure
transducer feedback, the PFCV has successfully fed xenon to a 200 watt Hall Effect Thruster in a Technology Demonstration
Program. The feed system has demonstrated throttling of xenon, from a very high inlet pressure of 2200 psia, through single
stage modulation, to low, absolute pressures of 2.5 to 5.5 psia, accurately controlling them to within +/- 0.025 psia with the
PFCV. 2) Integration, and manifolding of an entire flight Propulsion System pneumatic circuit. 3) Charging of a flight
Propulsion System with certified clean xenon gas for flight application.
DTIC
Control Valves; Feed Systems; Hall Thrusters; Proportional Control; Xenon
20060049599
Thermal Design and Analysis of the Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injector
Ferrante, Fred A; Chen, Felix F; Jul 12, 2006; 7 pp.; In English
A new rocket engine design concept has been proposed that combusts a portion of the propellant flow in the nozzle
section. This concept which is called Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) allows for higher thrust at takeoff and a more optimum
nozzle design that avoids flow separation at sea level conditions. The TAN injector is a cooled nozzle section downstream of
the throat that injects propellants that combust and provides additional thrust. The TAN injector has similar design issues
associated with conventional rocket engine injectors with the additional design challenge of combustion products flowing over
the TAN injector. In order to demonstrate this new engine design concept, Aerojet designed, manufactured, and hot fire tested
a subscale version of this engine. The thermal design process and results are presented herein. The derivation of gas side
boundary conditions are based on test data and CFD analysis. The coolant side boundary conditions are based on conventional
correlations for the propellants. Test data are also presented.
DTIC
Design Analysis; Exhaust Nozzles; Injectors; Thermal Analysis; Thermodynamic Properties; Thrust Augmentation

Electronic Structure Studies of Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids
Zorn, Deborah D; Gordon, Mark S; Boatz, Jerry A; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454629; AFRL-PR-ED-JA-2006-289; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
New energetic ionic liquids are investigated as potential high energy density materials. Ionic liquids are composed of
large, charge-diffuse cations, coupled with various (usually oxygen containing) anions. In this work, calculations have been
performed on the tetrazolium cation with a variety of substituents. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP
functional, using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set was used to optimize geometries. Improved treatment of dynamic electron
correlation was obtained using second order perturbation theory (MP2). Heats of formation of the cation with different
substituent groups were calculated using isodesmic reactions and Gaussian-2 calculations on the reactants. The cation was
paired with oxygen rich anions CIO4-, NO3-, or N(NO2)2- and those structures were optimized using both DFT and MP2.
The reaction pathway for proton transfer from the cation to the anion was investigated.
DTIC
Electronic Structure; Liquids; Solvents

Electronic Structure Studies of High Energy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT)
Zorn, Deborah D; Gordon, Mark S; Boatz, Jerry A; Jan 18, 2006; 37 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454752; AFRL-PR-ED-JA-2006-017; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
New energetic ionic liquids are investigated as potential high energy density materials. Ionic liquids are composed of
large, charge-diffuse cations, coupled with various (usually oxygen containing) anions. In this work, calculations have been
performed on thetetrazolium cation with a variety of substituents. Density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional,
using the 6-311G(d,p) basis set was used to optimize geometries. Improved treatment of dynamic electron correlation was
obtained using second order perturbation theory (MP2). Heats of formation of the cation with different substituent groups were
93
calculated using isodesmic reactions and Gaussian-2 calculations on the reactants. The cation was paired with oxygen rich
anions ClO4(-), NO3(-), or N(NO2)2(-) and those structures were optimized using both DFT and MP2. The reaction pathway
for proton transfer from the cation to the anion was investigated.
DTIC
Cations; Electronic Structure; Liquids
20060049691 Southampton Univ., UK

Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Liquid Crystals
Kaczmarek, Malgosia; Sep 3, 2005; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This report results from a contract tasking University of Southampton as follows: The main objectives of this exploratory,
short project will concern the study of the quality of liquid crystal cells with diluted suspensions of ferroelectric nanoparticles
and their photorefractive properties. We will use ferroelectric nanoparticles of photorefractive material: thiohypodiphosphate
(Sn2P2S6). The actual nano-particles have been produced by a method (fine mechanical grinding), tested earlier. Sn2P2S6
nanoparticles proved, so far, to be the most efficient in enhancing dielectric anisotropy of liquid crystals. As liquid crystal
hosts, Merck E7 or ZLI 4801 will be used and cells will be prepared in two configurations. The first configuration will have
standard, non-photosensitive aligning layers on both substrates, such as polyimide or low-ionic surfactant. The second
configuration will include a photosensitive PVK:C60 layer on one substrate of the cell, instead of polyimide. The LC DSFNP
cells with the highest quality will be tested for two-beam coupling gain and the magnitude of diffraction.
DTIC
Anisotropy; Dielectrics; Doped Crystals; Ferroelectricity; Liquid Crystals; Nanoparticles
20060049729 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA

Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic Spray
de Rosset, William S; Sep 2006; 32 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454830; ARL-TR-3890; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A one-dimensional penetration model has been developed to analyze the cold-gas dynamic spray process in hopes of
establishing a constant minimum normalized penetration depth for particle adhesion. The simple model was in disagreement
with results extrapolated from published copper-on-steel impact data. Possible reasons for the disagreement are discussed. A
possible bonding mechanism is proposed that is dependent on the flow properties of both the particle and substrate.
DTIC
Adhesion; Cold Gas; Sprayers
20060049736 Arizona Univ., Tucson, AZ USA

Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics Under High Confinement
Chen, Weinong W; Jun 30, 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0254
We developed a novel dynamic loading/reloading experimental technique modified from a split Hopkinson pressure bar
(SHPB) to determine the dynamic properties and to record the damage/failure modes in the ceramic specimen, in which a
ceramic specimen was loaded by two consecutive stress pulses. The first pulse determines the dynamic response of the intact
ceramic material and then crushes the specimen to a desired damage level. The second pulse then determines the dynamic
compressive constitutive behavior of the damaged but still interlocked ceramic specimen. The first pulses were slightly varied
to control the damage levels in the ceramic specimen while the second pulse was maintained identical. The damage modes
in a hot-pressed silicon carbide (SiC-N) specimen have been correlated to its dynamic compressive response at high strain
rates. The results show that the compressive strengths of damaged ceramics depend on a critical level of damage, below which
the specimen retains its load-bearing capacity and only axial cracks are observed in the specimen. When the specimen is
critically damaged, axial cracks and isolated pulverized regions are observed. When the specimen id damaged beyond the
critical level, the ceramic specimen is crushed into cracked particles with pulverized (comminuted) materials along the particle
boundaries, which displays a granular flow behavior in its stress-strain curve.
DTIC
Ceramics; Compressibility; Confinement; Dynamic Loads; Dynamic Response; Failure; Impact Loads; Silicon Carbides
94
Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transparent AION and MgAl2O4
Patel, Parimal J; Swab, Jeffrey J; Staley, Mark; Quinn, George D; Jul 2006; 20 pp.; In English
Hardness is a widely reported mechanical property for materials. Aluminum oxynitride (A1ON) and magnesium
aluminate spinel (MgAl2O4) are two important materials for some U.S. Army applications since they can be transparent in
their polycrystalline form. In many of these military applications, harder materials tend to perform better, hence it is necessary
to properly measure and compare hardness values of competing materials. Measuring the hardness of most ceramics is
straightforward, but comparing the hardness data for different ceramics can be complicated due to the well-known indentation
size effect (ISE). This report describes the determination of the Vickers hardness-load curves for transparent A1ON and
MgA12O4 in a load range between 0.98 and 19 N. Both materials exhibited a significant decrease in hardness with increasing
load. The critical hardness (the point at which fracture, rather than plastic deformation, is dominant around the indentation)
of spinel and A1ON was found to be 13.5 and 16.8 GPa, respectively, which differs from other investigations that did not take
into account the ISE.
DTIC
Aluminates; Hardness; Indentation; Mechanical Properties; Transparence

Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and QL
Williams, Daniel J; Bevilacqua, Vicky L; Creasy, William R; McGarvey, David J; Rice, Jeffrey S; De Leon, Christopher L;
Sanders, Melanie J; McKineey, Bradley J; Durst, H D; May 2006; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD13-03-D0017
Report No.(s): AD-A454991; ECBC-TR-431; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The destruction of chemical warfare agents (CWA’s), particularly 0-ethyl- S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]
methyiphosponothiolate (VX), has been the focus of many articles in the popular media and in professional news journals such
as Chemical and Engineering News.1,2,3 One of the main concerns with CWA detoxification is the potential threat that
hydrolysis by-products may be recovered for reuse in CWA synthesis.2 There is also concern about the transport, treatment,
and disposal of hydrolysate among environmental groups and citizen stake-holders in states where the proposed destruction
is to occur.2 Truly environmentally friendly means of detoxifying CWAs have yet to be developed, and the possibility of using
alum and alum mixtures may be one feasible attractive alternative. Trapping hydrolysis by-products in a coagulant floc can
make them very difficult to recover. Municipal water treatment facilities have a long history of using alum (aluminum sulfate)
and alum mixtures as coagulants in the purification and finishing of drinking water. Our previous studies have shown alum
and alum buffered by the addition of sodium aluminate to be effective in the destruction of G agents, particularly pinacolyl
methylphosphonofluoridate (GD).4 The work we did with VX, however, was inconclusive owing to the lack of internal
standards to determine the initial amount of agent loss upon treatment. Rate studies without controls seemed to indicate that
VX was susceptible to alum treatment, and literature precedent indicated that solid state Al203 nano-particles were also
effective to a degree in destroying %%5 Furthermore, the question arose as to whether alum and alum buffers would be useful
in destroying the phosphorus-based precursor of VX, O-ethyl-O’-[(2-isopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonite (OL).
Hydrolysis kinetics have been studied for a large number of CWAs,5,6,7 and all indications are that the rates are pH dependent.
DTIC
Alum; Chemical Warfare; Decomposition

Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Bronze
Fuller, Michael D; Mar 2006; 87 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is currently being developed for applications including as-cast Nickel- Aluminum Bronze
(NAB). Fabrication and repair of the USA Navy’s NAB propellers involve fusion welding of as-cast NAB and so it is probable
that FSP is likely to encounter as deposited weld metal as well as the more slowly cooled as-cast material. Here, the
microstructure and resulting distribution of mechanical properties was examined for a fusion weld overlay, an FSP stir zone
and an FSP stir zone that was placed in fusion weld metal. As-deposited weld metal exhibited a refined Widmanst tten
morphology and higher yield and ultimate strengths as well as increased ductility in comparison to base metal. However, the
heat affected zone (HAZ) exhibited severely reduced ductility. Strength and ductility varied throughout the FSP stir zone. The
95
reduction in ductility in the thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and HAZ was less for FSP than for the fusion weld.
FSP over a fusion weld resulted in strengths and ductility s similar to those produced by FSP alone, although a region of low
ductility was observed at a location where stir zone weld metal and base metal were all present.
DTIC
Aluminum; Bronzes; Friction; Friction Stir Welding; Fusion Welding; Nickel; Propellers

Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of FOX-7
Burnham, A. K.; Weese, R. K.; Wang, R.; Kwork, Q. S. M.; Jones, D. E. G.; Jul. 14, 2005; 14 pp.; In English
Since it was developed in the late 1990s, 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), with lower sensitivity and comparable
performance to RDX, has received increasing interest. This paper will present our results for the phase changes of FOX-7
using DSC and HFC (Heat Flow Calorimetry). DSC thermal curves recorded at linear heating rates of 0.10, 0.35 and 1.0 C
min(sup-1) show two endothermic peaks and two exothermic peaks. The two endothermic peaks represent solid-solid phase
transitions, which have been observed in the literature at 114 C ((beta)-(gamma)) and 159 C ((gamma)-(delta)) by both DSC
and XPD (X-ray powder diffraction) measurements. The first transition shifts from 114.5 to 115.8 C as the heating rate
increases from 0.10 to 1.0 C min(sup-1), while the second transition shifts from 158.5 to 160.4 C. Cyclical heating experiments
show the endotherms and exotherms for a first heating through the (gamma) phase to the (delta) phase, a cooling and reversion
to the (alpha) or (beta) phase, and a second heating to the (gamma) and (delta) phases. The data are interpreted using kinetic
models with thermodynamic constraints.
NTIS
Diffraction; Heat Measurement; Kinetics; Phase Transformations

Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystallization
Gee, R. H.; Lacevic, N. M.; Fried, L.; Jul. 11, 2005; 12 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
Large scale molecular dynamics simulations of bulk melts of polar (poly(vinylidene fluoride) (pVDF)) polymers are
utilized to study chain conformation and ordering prior to crystallization under cooling. While the late stages of polymer
crystallization have been studied in great detail, recent theoretical and experimental evidence indicates that there are important
phenomena occurring in the early stages of polymer crystallization that are not understood to the same degree. When the
polymer melt is quenched from a temperature above the melting temperature to the crystallization temperature, crystallization
does not occur instantaneously. This initial interval without crystalline order is characterized as an induction period. It has been
thought of as a nucleation period in the classical theories of polymer crystallization, but recent experiments, computer
simulations, and theoretical work suggest that the initial period in polymer crystallization is assisted by a spinodal
decomposition type mechanism. In this study we have achieved physically realistic length scales to study early stages of
polymer ordering, and show that spinodal-assisted ordering prior to crystallization is operative in polar polymers suggesting
general applicability of this process.
NTIS
Crystallization; Molecular Dynamics; Simulation
20060050147 Savannah River Lab., Aiken, SC, USA, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical Univ., Tallahassee, FL, USA
Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content
Brigmon, R. L.; Stanhope, A.; Franck, M. M.; McKinsey, P. C.; Berry, C. J.; January 2006; 12 pp.; In English
Biomass; Chlorination; Contamination; Fatty Acids; Microbiology
96
Refractive Index Determination of Biological Particles
Hart, Sean J; Leski, Tomasz A; Jul 31, 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454180; NRL/MR/6110--06-8967; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454180;
Refractive indices of biological particles have been determined using a new quantitative method based upon phase
contrast immersion spectrometry. The new technique is sensitive, accurate, and requires only an optical transmission
spectrophotometer and index matching fluids. The method was developed and tested using colloidal silica standard samples.
Refractive indices for bacterial spores have been determined, and the results compared favorably with available data in the
literature.
DTIC
Refractivity; Particles

Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Complex Radioactive High Level Radioactive
Waste
Subramanian, K. H.; Wiersma, B. J.; January 2006; 22 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
Radioactive waste is stored in underground storage tanks at the Department of Energy (DOE) Savannah River Site (SRS).
The waste tanks, made of ASTM A537 steel, store a combination of salts, consisting primarily of sodium nitrate, sodium
nitrite, and sodium hydroxide. An assessment of the potential degradation mechanisms of the high level waste (HLW) tanks
determined that nitrate-induced pitting corrosion and stress corrosion cracking were the two most significant degradation
mechanisms. Specifically, nitrate-induced stress corrosion cracking was determined to be the principal degradation mechanism
for the primary tank steel. Sodium hydroxide and nitrite are used to inhibit nitrate-induced stress corrosion cracking and
nitrate-induced pitting corrosion in the liquid phase of the waste tanks. General corrosion is also prevented by the inhibitor
levels specified for these two localized corrosion modes. The corrosion control program is based upon empirical data used to
determine vulnerability to stress corrosion cracking and pitting at typical compositions of waste.
NTIS
Carbon Steels; Corrosion; Liquid Air; Low Carbon Steels; Radioactive Wastes; Vapors
26
METALS AND METALLIC MATERIALS
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of metals and metallic materials; and metallurgy.

Macroscopic Cracking Determination in LaBS Glass
Aug. 01, 2005; 18 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881503; WSRC-RP-2005-01702; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The DOE/EM plans to conduct the Plutonium Vitrification Project at the Savannah River Site (SRS). An important part
of this project is to reduce the attractiveness of the plutonium by fabricating a plutonium glass form and immobilizing the Pu
form within the high level waste (HLW) glass prepared in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). This requires that
a project schedule that is consistent with EM plans for DWPF and cleanup of the SRS be developed. Critical inputs to key
decisions in the vitrification project schedule are near-term data that will increase confidence that the lanthanide borosilicate
(LabS) glass product is suitable for disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository. A workshop was held on April 28, 2005 at
Bechtel SAIC Company (BSC) facility in Las Vegas, NV to define the near term data needs. Dissolution rate data and the fate
of plutonium oxide and the neutron absorbers during the dissolution process were defined as key data needs. A suite of
short-term tests were defined at the workshop to obtain the needed data. The objectives of these short-term tests are to obtain
data that can be used to show that the dissolution rate of a LaBS glass is acceptable and to show that the extent of Pu separation
from neutron absorbers, as the glass degrades and dissolves, is not likely to lead to critically concerns.
NTIS
Borosilicate Glass; Glass; Plutonium Oxides
97
20060048632 American Bureau of Shipping, Alexandria, VA USA
Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurical Processes (The National Shipbuilding
Research Program)
Howser, B C; Tanner, M J; Sep 1987; 55 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Newly developed high-strength steels produced by advanced steelmaking techniques and thermomechanical processing
are shown to have toughness and weldability superior to those of conventionally heat treated, quenched and tempered steels.
The above was confirmed by small-scale toughness testing and by controlled thermal severity testing to determine
heat-affected zone cracking susceptibility. Small-scale testing of shielded metal arc weldments was also conducted. In view
of their superior toughness and weldability these newly developed high strength steels should be useful for applications such
as low temperature ship service, offshore structure service especially in harsh environments, and as a potential replacement
for HY80/100 steels.
DTIC
High Strength Alloys; High Strength Steels; Marine Technology; Ships; Steels; Weldability
20060048684 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Square Butt Pipe Welding
Langhelm, J; Scheltens, James; Apr 1996; 76 pp.; In English
A05, Hardcopy
The main objective of this project was the development of welding techniques and procedures to economically weld
fabricate pipe. X-ray quality full penetration square butt weld joints were expected. Significant cost savings can be achieved
through the reduction in pipe fitting and welding man-hours by utilization of a saw cut square butt joint design. The
investigation of the various weld techniques and joint configurations are detailed in this final report to the National
Shipbuilding Research Program’s SP-7 committee on Welding.
DTIC
Butt Joints; Fittings; Marine Technology; Pipes (Tubes); Ships; Welded Joints; Welding

The National Shipbuilding Research Program)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Methods and Tooling Evaluation
Blomquist, Paul A; Dec 1995; 106 pp.; In English
A06, Hardcopy
Equipment and technologies which could be used to simultaneously clean three surfaces of shipbuilding steels for
subsequent welding operations have been surveyed. Two commercially available three-edge methods (closed circuit grit
blasting and multiple-head wire bmshing) were evaluated. Five other methods were tested: laser beam stripping, high-pressure
water blasting, high velocity oxy-fiel (HvOF) flame stripping, vacuum-shrouded needle-gunning, and carbon dioxide (CO2)
bead blasting. Results of the survey are presented in a comparison table, and discussed in detail. For each method, production
speed, approximate acquisition cost, consumables used, and environmental effects are considered. Where applicable,
equipment was demonstrated at the manufacturer’s or vendor’s facility. A commercially available vacuum-recovery
recirculating grit-blast unit was tested in a shipyard. The grit-blast unit was seen to be slower than manual grinding for
three-sufface cleaning. A flat-surface recirculating grit blast head proved significantly faster than manual grinding in the
cleaning of butt joint grooves fit for welding with ceramic backings. Cleaned surfaces were examined by Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM). Safety, environmental, and ergonomic aspects were reviewed.
DTIC
Cleaning; Marine Technology; Ships; Steels; Tooling

Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Modelling of Textured Metals and Validation Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Test
Plunket, B; Cazacu, O; Barlat, F; Lebensohn, R A; Jun 2006; 41 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
98
An elastic-viscoplastic model for describing the anisotropic high-strain rate behavior of both low-symmetry and
high-symmetry textured materials is proposed. Yielding is described using a recently developed criterion which can capture
simultaneously anisotropy and compression-tension asymmetry associated with deformation twinning. The anisotropy
coefficients as well as the size of the elastic domain are considered to be fimctions of the accumulated plastic strain. The
specific expressions for the evolution laws are determined using a multi-scale methodology, i.e. experimental measurements
of crystallographic texture and uniaxial stress-strain curves, polycrystalline calculations, and macroscopic scale interpolation
techniques. An overstress approach is used to incorporate rate effects in the formulation. Applications of the model to the
description of the high strain-rate response of low-symmetry (hexagonal-close-packed zirconium) and high- symmetry
(body-centered-cubic tantalum) pre-textured metals are presented. The very good agreement between the simulated and
experimental post-test geometries of the Taylor impact specimens in terms of major and minor side profiles and
impact-interface footprints shows the ability of the model to describe with fidelity the differences in the evolution of anisotropy
between zirconium and tantalum.
DTIC
Anisotropy; Impact Tests; Metals; Viscoplasticity

Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Army Main Battle Tank Components
Champagne, Victor; Pepi, Marc; Edwards, Brian; Jul 2006; 45 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453366; ARL-TR-3849; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453366; Avail.:
This report discusses the successful application of electrospark deposition (ESD) to reclaim expensive U.S. Army main
battle tank components which had no other means of being repaired. The components included the M1A1 main battle tank
cradle (fabricated from AISI 4130 steel, then chrome plated) and the M1A1 helical (sun) gear shaft (chrome-plated AISI 9310).
These parts had exhibited large corrosion pits and wear in service. Systems were dead-lined based on the discovery of these
anomalies during inspection and the fact that insufficient replacement parts were available. There was no approved repair
procedure for these components, and conventional weld repair technologies had been eliminated at Anniston Army Depot
(ANAD), AL, to repair large pits. Approximately 8% of the vehicles overhauled at ANAD were defective, and deeply corroded
parts were removed from the systems and put in storage. Emphasis of this report is placed upon the ESD process development
and qualification.
DTIC
Carburizing; Corrosion; Deposition; Electrodeposition; Maintenance
20060048737 American Bureau of Shipping, NY USA

Visual Reference Standards for Weld Surface Conditions (Phase 2)
Stern, I L; Wheatcroft, M F; Ku, D Y; Waite, R F; Cantore, D; Aug 1985; 21 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Samples were produced illustrating three types of weld surface condition. Roughness and irregular contour samples were
produced at three severity levels in butt and fillet welds; reentrant angle samples of butt and fillet welds were produced
illustrating various angles around 90 degrees. The samples could form the basis for a guide for the description and evaluation
of weld surface conditions which could be applicable to various structural and pressure vessel applications. The use of such
illustrations, replicated as plastic models, could reduce the frequency of making physical measurements of weld surface
conditions, and also reduce subjective considerations in evaluating weld surface conditions.
DTIC
Inspection; Surface Properties; Visual Observation; Welded Joints

Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-6AL-4V Under Fretting
Murray, Karl N; Jun 5, 2006; 75 pp.; In English
The effects of changes in the coefficient of friction (CoF) between the contacting surfaces on the fretting wear
characteristics of Cu-Al coating on Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. This Cu-Al coating is part of a system that is applied to
99
titanium turbine blades to reduce fretting at the interface. In the application, there is a solid lubricant that is added on top of
the coating as an assembly aid and to help reduce the friction while the lubricant remains within the contact. Previous studies
have researched the characteristics of the coating without the additional lubricant. In this study, liquid motor oil was applied
to the contact region to simulate real-world conditions with a lower CoF. To characterize the wear, several methods were used,
the most useful being the accumulated dissipated energy method. The accumulated relative displacement method did not take
into account the differences between the tangential forces for tests conducted at different CoF values, whereas the dissipated
energy method did. The wear characteristics of tests conducted in the current study were similar to those of a previous study,
conducted at a higher CoF, when analyzed with the dissipated energy method, but this was most likely due to the ambiguity
of the calculated wear volumes.
DTIC
Aluminum Alloys; Aluminum Coatings; Coating; Copper; Fretting; Metal Coatings; Titanium Alloys; Turbine Blades;
Vanadium Alloys; Wear
20060049263 Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton, WA USA

Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The National Shipbuilding Program)
Nelson, Steve; Dwight, J; Heagy, Dale; Mortvedt, D; Houghteling, Bob; Gatto, Frank; Coglizer, D; Mar 1990; 163 pp.; In
English
The principles of flame straightening, long in use on plate structures in shipbuilding, have been applied to the problem
of precision alignment of fluid system piping in shipbuiding and overhaul. Reduction of residual stresses by elimination of
mechanically applied stresses to pipes for alignment prior to welding or bolting in place is a desirable objective. This project
is a first effort to develop techniques of heat control and patterns of heating to achieve alignment without adverse effects to
base metal. Extensive test in has been performed and results documented to provide aata base for refinement of procedures
to be used in ship production and overhaul. It was not possible within available time and funding to reach definitive
conclusions on CRES pipes, however for carbon steel and copper-nickel alloys, the report shows positive results. No
significant detrimental effects of repeated controlled heating were found and sufficient bending is produced to warrant use of
flame bending of carbon steel and copper-nickel pipe in shipbuilding.
DTIC
Alignment; Bending; Control Boards; Flames; Marine Technology; Pipes (Tubes); Ships

Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Training Manual)
Jan 1987; 514 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Coating; Education; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards; Surface Finishing
20060049304 American Bureau of Shipping, Paramus, NJ USA

High Strength Steels Produced by Advanced Metallurgical Processes (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Stern, I L; Ku, D Y; Waite, R F; Wheatcroft, M; Hanzalek, W; Aug 1987; 31 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
The immediate objective of this investigation was to explore the potential advantages of new high strength (65 to 120 ksi
yield) steels produced by advanced steel making and on-line processing techniques for marine applications. A longer term
objective is to facilitate the introduction to the shipbuilding industry of the new high strength steels processed by advanced
on-line processing techniques with toughness and weldability properties beyond those currently available. The study has
provided a preliminary characterization of newly developed steels with yield strengths varying from 65 ksi to 120 ksi. On the
basis of the preliminary data obtained. it appears that by use of advanced metallurgical processes. high strength steels can be
produced which provide improved toughness and weldability; the alloying elements required for such steels could be
100
substantially lower than that required for conventionally processed quenched and tempered steels of the same strength and
toughness levels.
DTIC
High Strength Steels; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding
20060049315 Coast Guard, Baltimore, MD USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1:
Aluminum Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Patrol Boat
Moore, Scott S; Banker, John G; Sep 1992; 11 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
Construction of the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Leopold, the lead ship of the 36 m (120 ft) Heritage Class, is discussed. A
new Structural Critical Aluminum-Steel Transition (SCAST) product, Duratemp II’ was selected for the welding transitions
between the aluminum deck house and steel deck. The explosion bonded material’s higher strength and toughness permitted
use of lighter, narrower transition joints (1 cm (0.375’) wide x 2 cm (0.75’) thick) than are permissible with traditional
materials. The unique heat resistance of the material permitted cutting and welding of the small section joints without
overheating. The need for corner butt joints was reduced due to the product’s reliable bendability. Welding procedures and
Quality Assurance procedures are discussed in detail. fabricability, and proven corrosion resistance. This was the first
shipboard installation to use this material. The USCG, in cooperation with the manufacturer, chose a 1 cm (0.375’) wide x
2 cm (0.75’) thick transition joint for use in joining the pilot and deck-house to the steel deck. Fabrication of traditional
Aluminum/Steel transition joint materials using bars of this small of a cross-section is generally considered unreliable.
Traditional aluminum/steel transition joint products can be significantly degraded if the bond zone is heated above 260 degrees
C (500 degrees F) during welding.
DTIC
Aluminum; Coasts; Conferences; Construction; Marine Technology; Patrols; Ships; Steels
20060049336 Litton Industries, Pascagoula, MS USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Evaluation and Improvements
Gaines, Ed; Banker, John; Aug 1990; 22 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
Aluminum to steel explosion welded transition joints are used to attach aluminum superstructures to steel hulls. Transition
joint bond separation sometimes occurs during ship construction. Ingalls Shipbuilding conducted a long term study to
determine causes and corrective action for these separations. The aluminum/steel transition joints are manufactured by the
explosion bonding process and tested in accordance with MIL-J-24445. Traditional transition joints consist of alloyed
aluminum bonded to mild steel with an interlayer of low alloy aluminum. The study reviewed transition joint manufacture and
quality testing required by the material specification, reviewed the adequacy of design guidelines and production practices, and
considered cost effective methods for corrective action. Modifications in product design and testing, installation design and
shipyard production practices can improve reliability. The most important result of this study was development of material
with improved Properties. This paper relates the study procedure, findings and recommendations so that transition joint
separations can be avoided on future installations. This information is useful for designers and transition joint users.
DTIC
Aluminum; Aluminum Alloys; Conferences; Marine Technology; Metal Joints; Ships; Steels; Welded Joints
20060049338 Litton Industries, Pascagoula, MS USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of
the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes
McClellan, R W; Aug 1990; 20 pp.; In English
This report presents the results of a project initialed by SP-7, the Welding R&D Panel of the Ship Production Committee
of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. The project was financed through a cost sharing contract between
101
the U.S. Maritime Administration and Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. The principal objective was to develop data on the
longitudinal and transverse shear strength of flux cored are welding filler metals. Consistently higher shear strength properties
of flux core over solid wire and conventional electrodes would provide a basis for implementing smaller, more cost effective
fillet weld requirements in ship structures.
DTIC
Arc Welding; Conferences; Cores; Electrodes; Fillets; Marine Technology; Shear Strength; Ships; Weld Strength; Welded
Joints
20060049342 Dayton Univ. Research Inst., OH USA

Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Research and Development (R&R) Support: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot
Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Earth Magnets
Liu, Shiqiang S; Mar 2006; 53 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-02-D-2299-0030; Proj-3145
Report No.(s): AD-A454269; UDR-TR-2006-00050; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454269;
High performance bulk anisotropic nanograin composite Nd2Fe14B/Fe and Nd2Fe14B/Fe-Co magnets were successfully
synthesized using hot compacting blended Nd-Fe-B and ?Fe-Co powders or coated ND-Fe-B powders followed by a
subsequent hot deformation. Using both techniques, (BH)max could reach 45-55 MGOe. In addition, bulk anisotropic hybrid
nanograin Pr2Fe14B/PrCo5 magnets with improved thermal stability were synthesized, and nanograin Sm2(Co, Fe) 17Fe-Co
magnets were studied.
DTIC
Composite Materials; Deformation; Magnets; Nanocomposites; Nanostructures (Devices); Propulsion; Rare Earth Alloys
20060049350 Manchester Univ., UK

Deformation Microstructure in Beta-Titanium After Deformation at Low Temperatures
Humphreys, F J; Bate, P S; Brough, I; Jun 2005; 45 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This report results from a contract tasking University of Manchester (UMIST) as follows: The contractor shall investigate
cell boundary misorientations, alignments, and stored energies in a beta titanium alloy subjected to cold work. The contractor
shall use a beta Ti alloy that is stable and single-phase at room temperature. The contractor shall evaluate the microstructure
of the material after deformation at room temperature and at temperatures up to ~400C. Both channel die compression and
rolling will be used to deform the material. Both optical as well as scanning electron microscopy will be used to characterize
the resulting microstructures. Electron Backscatter Diffraction will be used to measure the grain and cell misorientations.
DTIC
Deformation; Low Temperature; Microstructure; Titanium; Titanium Alloys
20060049371 Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co., VA USA

Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Steels
Mar 1989; 182 pp.; In English
Bethlehem Steel proposed to SP-7 to conduct a study to evaluate the benefits of new higher strength low alloy (HSLA)
steels. In Phases I and II, we would determine the ability of the new HSLA steels to withstand high welding heat inputs,
without using sustained preheat, and have only limited heat zone degradation. Yield points to be attained were 80 ksi through
3 inches thick; 75 ksi through 5 inches thick; and 70 ksi through 8 inches thick. The HSLA to be used was ASTM A710, Grade
A, Class 3.
DTIC
High Strength Steels; Marine Technology; Ships; Steels; Weldability; Welding; Yield Strength
20060049395 Oregon Graduate Inst. of Science and Technology, Beaverton, OR USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip
Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing
Devletian, J H; Gao, Y P; Zhao, Q H; Wood, W E; Sep 1992; 16 pp.; In English
102
A comprehensive comparison between electroslag surfacing (ESS) and submerged arc surfacing (SAS) using 30 mm (1.2
inch) wide x 0.5 mm (0.020 inch) thick Ni Alloy 625 strip was conducted in both the as-deposited and stress relieved (at
604OC, 1120OF) conditions. In most cases, exactly duplicate cladding conditions were used to best compare ESS with SAS.
Ni Alloy 625 strip was deposited on 10 cm (4 inch) thick flat plates and 64 cm (25 inch) diameter shafting (both MIL-S-23284
Class 1 steel) using optimized ESS and SAS processes. Tensile, CVN toughness, and face and side bend tests were performed
on as-welded and stress relieved cladding at room temperature. Microstructural analyses of the clad specimens were performed
using optical and electron microscopy.
DTIC
Arc Welding; Cladding; Conferences; Marine Technology; Propellers; Ships; Slags
20060049578 Brown Univ., Providence, RI USA

An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture in Stainless Steel Welds
Kothnur, Vasanth S; May 2002; 164 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The primary objective of this thesis is the study of dynamic ductile failure of stainless steel welded plates under high rate
loading conditions. We will be concerned with the mechanics of high rate viscoplastic flow and fracture behavior of
heterogeneous weldinents. We will focus our attention on investigating the mechanical behavior of a superaustenitic AL6XN
weld with a Nickel-based superalloy INCONEL-625 as the filler material. The experimental and computational tools
developed as part of this investigation are expected to be widely applicable to understanding the micromechanics of failure
in other metallic systems.
DTIC
Ductility; Fracturing; Stainless Steels; Welded Joints
20060049613 Universal Energy Systems, Inc., Dayton, OH USA

X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti-6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha
Microstructure (PREPRINT)
Glavicic, M G; Semiatin, Sheldon L; Jul 2006; 38 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-04-D-5235; Proj-9201
X-ray line-broadening techniques that were previously developed and applied to quantify deformation behavior during the
hot rolling of commercial-purity titanium were applied for Ti-6A1-4V plate with a colony-alpha preform microstructure. The
present work quantified the challenges in using line-broadening techniques for two-phase titanium alloys which undergo a
phase transformation during cooling following hot working.
DTIC
Colonies; Deformation; Microstructure; Titanium Alloys; X Rays
20060049728 Parker (Anthony P.), Unknown

FEA Software for Determination of Residual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes for a Range of Gun Steels With
Bauschinger Effect
Parker, Anthony P; Apr 26, 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-05-P-0279; Proj-R&D-9934-TA-01
There is a paucity of user-friendly, spreadsheet-based stress analysis software for calculation of stresses due to
autofrettage of real gun steels. The objective of this work was to develop and deliver user-friendly, spreadsheet-based (Excel
/VBA) Finite Element software capable of calculating residual stresses in autofrettaged steel tubes which exhibit any
combination of strain-hardening during loading and of Bauschinger effect during unloading. The latter behavior includes
Bauschinger effect as a function of prior plastic strain, and hence of radius, during unloading. The software should also have
the potential to determine stresses following low temperature heat soak and reautofrettage. The software was to be
pre-programmed with several existing candidate gun steels, including HB7. All these objectives were achieved. The software
provides additional functionality, beyond the original objectives. Finally, the program was used to demonstrate specific effects
103
arising during experimental measurement and interpretation of residual stress in autofrettaged gun tubes.
DTIC
Bauschinger Effect; Finite Element Method; Guns (Ordnance); Residual Stress; Spreadsheets; Steels; Stress Analysis

Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V
Considine, Tom A; Miller, Chris E; Placzankis, Brian E; Aug 2006; 16 pp.; In English
Titanium is used in industry to manufacture many consumer products such as softball bats and golf clubs. It is also widely
used in aerospace and the defense industries. At issue is that titanium does not maintain a good adhesive bond with organic
coating systems. This study evaluates the adhesion of two nonchromate DoD primer, MIL-P-53022 and MIL-PRF-23377 Class
N, relative to a direct to metal process using no primer. The evaluation method was based on ASTM D 4541 and used standard
hydraulic adhesion testing equipment testing. The effectiveness of each method is then discussed with respect to strength
values and failure modes.
DTIC
Adhesion; Adhesive Bonding; Coating; Coatings; Organic Materials; Titanium
20060049851 Naval Surface Warfare Center, Bethesda, MD USA

Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Yagla, Jon J; Haag, Richard S; Scott, Matthew E; Nov 1993; 19 pp.; In English
Laser Welding; Marine Technology; Ships
20060049861 Textron, Inc., New Orleans, LA USA

Shell Plate Definition Guide for Ship Designers (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Lamb, Thomas; May 1994; 45 pp.; In English
Marine Technology; Ships

Balanced Orifice Plate
Kelley, Anthony R., Inventor; Buskirk, Paul D., Inventor; May 30, 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white
illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 19 Dec. 2003; US-Patent-7,051,765; US-Patent-Appl-SN-750628; NASA-Case-MFS-31952-1; No
An orifice plate for use in a conduit through which fluid flows is defined by a central circular region having a radius R,
and a ring-shaped region surrounding the central circular region. The ring-shaped region has holes formed therethrough with
those holes centered at each radius R thereof satisfying a relationship A(sub R)=al(X(sub R)V(sub R)(sup b)) where A(sub
R) is a sum of areas of those holes having centers at radius R, X(sub R) is a flow coefficient at radius R, V(sub R) is a velocity
of the fluid that is to flow through the conduit at radius R, b is a constant selected to make at least one process variable
(associated with the fluid that is to flow through the conduit) approximately equal at each radius R, and a is a constant that
is equal to (X(sub R)A(sub R)V(sub R)(sup b)) at each radius R.
Orifices; Fluid Flow; Flow Coeffıcients; Pipes (Tubes); Metal Plates
20060050138 Argonne National Lab., IL, USA

Characterization of Host Phases for Actinides in Simulated Metallic Waste Forms by Transmission Electron
Microscopy
January 2006; 52 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881580; ANL-NT-211; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Actinide Series; Transmission Electron Microscopy
104
27
NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of plastics, elastomers, lubricants, polymers, textiles, adhesives, and ceramic
materials. For composite materials see 24 Composite Materials.

Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Results
Peeler, D. K.; Edwards, T. B.; Best, D. R.; Reamer, I. A.; Jan. 2006; 210 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The impact of devitrification on durability is complex and depends on several interrelated factors including the change
in residual glass composition, the formation of internal stress or microcracks, and the preferential attack at the glass-crystal
interface. As noted from previous experimental studies, perhaps the most significant effects are the type and extent (or fraction)
of crystallization and the resulting change to the residual glass composition. Conceptually, the formation of crystalline phases
within a glass matrix ultimately changes the composition of the host glass phase as specific elements/oxides are extracted from
the glass matrix to form the crystals. The formation of nepheline (NaAlSiO(sub 4)) can have a negative impact on durability
as it produces an Al(sub 2)O(sub 3) and SiO(sub 2) deficient continuous glass matrix. The primary driver for the reduction
in durability is the fact that nepheline removes three moles of glass forming oxides (Al(sub 2)O(sub 3)) and 2SiO(sub 2) per
each mole of Na(sub 2)O from the continuous glass phase. The magnitude of the reduction in durability ultimately depends
on the extent (i.e., volume %) of crystallization. The formation of nepheline and/or other aluminum/silicon-containing crystals
is a potential problem in the Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) system based on the projected compositional views recently evaluated
coupled with the frit development strategy.
NTIS
Nepheline; Radioactive Wastes; Sludge

Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Sample Taken During Filling of Canister S01913: Summary Report
Cozzi, A. D.; Bibler, N. E.; Bannochie, C. J.; Oct. 2005; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881512; WSRC-TR-2004-00442; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
In order to comply with the Waste Acceptance Product Specifications in Sludge Batch 2, Savannah River National
Laboratory personnel performed characterization analysis of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) radioactive glass
pour stream sample taken during filling of Canister S01913. This report summarizes results of the characterization that indicate
that the DWPF produced glass is significantly more durable than the Environmental Assessment glass.
NTIS
Cans; Glass; Radioactive Wastes

Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as a Shaped Charge Liner Material
Walters, William P; Kecskes, Laszlo J; Pritchett, Justin E; Aug 2006; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-AH84
A study was conducted to explore a zirconium-based bulk metallic glass, Vitreloy 106, as a jetting material. In the past,
bulk metallic glass alloys (e.g., Vitreloy 106) have been used for other applications such as the binder for kinetic energy
penetrators. These alloys are a homogeneous mixture of several metals. Based on the experiments described herein, it was
concluded that this zirconium-based bulk metallic glass behaves more like a shaped charge liner, which is fabricated from
pressed powder metals, than a pure glass liner. In the extreme conditions during the formation and flight of the jet to the target,
the bulk metallic glass liner disperses and its effectiveness is greatly diminished. It is conceivable that improvements in liner
geometry, composition, and fabrication may result in an improved jet.
DTIC
Binders (Materials); Cavities; Linings; Metal Powder; Metallic Glasses; Shaped Charges
105
Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Nonlinear Elastomers
Banks, H T; Medhin, Negash G; Pinter, Gabriella A; Jan 2003; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0026; F49620-03-1-0185
We present a survey of results from an extended project focused on the understanding of the dynamic behavior of
elastomers or filled rubbers. This entailed experimental, modeling, computational and theoretical efforts. Of particular
emphasis are the nonlinear and hysteretic aspects of dynamic deformations.
DTIC
Differential Equations; Elastomers; Nonlinear Equations; Nonlinearity; Numerical Analysis; Rubber

Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Composite Adhesives
Banks, H T; Bihari, Kathleen L; Jan 2001; 50 pp.; In English
Thermally conductive composite adhesives are desirable in many industrial applications, including computers,
microelectronics, machinery and appliances. These composite adhesives are formed when a filler particle of high conductivity
is added to a base adhesive. Typically, adhesives are poor thermal conductors. A thorough understanding of heat transfer
through a composite adhesive would aid in the design of an efficient thermally conductive composite adhesive. In this work,
we provide theoretical foundations for use in design of thermally conductive composite adhesives. For proof of concept, we
consider a two dimensional model. We prove existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence theorems for the model. We
formulate a probability based parameter estimation problem and present numerical results. Motivated by the results of the
parameter estimation problem, we are led to derive sensitivity equations for our system. We investigate the sensitivity of
composite silicones with respect to the thermal conductivity of both the base silicone polymer and the filler particles.
Numerical results of this investigation are also presented.
DTIC
Adhesives; Thermal Conductivity

Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actuators
Zhong, Jinghua; Seelecke, Stefan; Smith, Ralph C; Bueskens, Christof; Jan 2003; 12 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0107; DMI-01-34464
This paper presents the first results of an optimal control approach to piezoceramic actuators. A one-dimensional free
energy model for piezoceramics recently proposed by Smith and Seelecke is briefly reviewed first. It is capable of predicting
the hysteretic behavior along with the frequency-dependence present in these materials. The model is implemented into an
optimal control package, and two exemplary cases are simulated to illustrate these features and the potential of the method.
DTIC
Actuators; Ceramics; Hysteresis; Optimal Control; Piezoelectric Ceramics; Piezoelectricity

Model Development for Piezoceramic Nanopositioners
Smith, Ralph C; Hatch, Andrew; De, Tathagata; Jan 2003; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0107; NSF-CMS0099764
Hardcopy
In this paper, we develop nonlinear constitutive equations and resulting system models quantifying the nonlinear and
hysteretic field-displacement relations inherent to piezoceramic elements employed in present nanopositioner designs. We
focus specifically on piezoceramic rods utilizing d33 motion and piezoceramic shells driven in d31 regimes, but the modeling
frame-work is sufficiently general to accommodate a variety of drive geometries. In the first step of the model development,
lattice-level energy relations are combined with stochastic homogenization techniques to construct nonlinear constitutive
relations which accommodate the hysteresis inherent to piezoceramic compounds. Secondly, these constitutive relations are
106
employed in classical rod and shell relations to construct system models appropriate for presently employed nanopositioner
designs.
DTIC
Ceramics; Hysteresis; Piezoelectric Ceramics; Piezoelectricity
20060049322 Auburn Univ., AL USA

Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber
Lee, Jaewoong; Broughton, R M; Liang, J; Worley, S D; Huang, T S; Aug 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F08637-02-C-7020; Proj-ARMT
Hardcopy
Fibers have been produced from a blend of poly(acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene hydantoin). The fibers were extruded from
a single solvent, dimenthyl acetamide. The fibers could be chlorinated to produce halamines and thus rendered antimicrobial.
The ability to regenerate the halamines (and the antimicrobial functionality) lasted through 50 home laundry washings. The
chlorine adsorption was shown to be proportional to the specific surface area of the fibers, as might be expected for
hydrophobic materials which can react in water only on the fiber surface.
DTIC
Acrylic Resins; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and Antibacterials; Microorganisms
20060049330 Institute for the Analysis of Global Security, Washington, DC USA

China’s Oil Rush in Africa
Hurst, Cindy; Jul 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Over the past four years China, the world’s second largest oil consumer behind the USA, has been the source of close
to 40 percent of the total world oil demand growth over the past four years. With economic growth running at a rate of roughly
nine percent per year China is no longer able to meet its own consumption requirements through its domestic production of
oil and it is now being forced to search for oil elsewhere. Africa has become a key oil exporter to China. In 2005 China
imported nearly 701,000 bpd of oil from Africa, approximately 30 percent of its total oil imports. China anticipates increasing
that amount to 25 percent in the next ten years and has been carefully paving the way to ensure its objective is met.
DTIC
Africa; China; Crude Oil; Industries; Oils

Models for Nonlinear Elastomers
Banks, H T; Potter, Laura K; Pinter, Gabriella A; Gaitens, M J; Yanyo, L C; Jan 2001; 13 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Models involving nonlinear partial differential equations become more and more widespread as theoretical and
computational tools for their analysis advance. Well-known (and still partially unsolved) problems include, for example, the
Euler and Navier-Stokes equations modeling the motion of a fluid (or air) which is a central problem in aircraft design. New
computational tools make possible simulations, predictions, model development through reverse problems and inclusion of
nonlinear effects in commercial finite element packages. In many areas new, more refined models are needed as modern
applications ′outgrow’ the traditional linear assumptions. In some cases the need for the accurate prediction of transient
phenomena makes the inclusion of nonlinearities imperative.
DTIC
Elastomers; Nonlinearity
107
Labor Standards Application Program, Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Shops
Dec 28, 1984; 53 pp.; In English
This report describes the development of labor standards during ship construction towards controlling production costs
in the two closely related areas of blasting and painting. The overall objective of this Research Program is to reduce the cost
of building ships. The objective of this specific project in the blast/paint areas was to improve planning, scheduling, production
control, and worker productivity through the application of labor standards, and thereby reduce the cost of blasting/painting
operations.
DTIC
Abrasives; Cost Estimates; Labor; Paints; Shops
20060049639 Gdansk Technical Univ., Poland

High Accuracy Multidimensional Parameterized Surrogate Models for Fast Optimization of Microwave Circuits in the
Industry Standard Circuit Simulators
Lamecki, Adam; Balewski, Lukasz; Mrozowski, Michal; Jul 3, 2006; 53 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The goal of this project was to advance the techniques for creating multivariate surrogate models of high complexity in
order to create full wave models for industry standard circuit simulators (ADS Microwave Office). The models have the
accuracy comparable to full wave simulations but at the same time the computational speed similar to the closed form
formulae.
DTIC
Circuits; Industries; Microwave Circuits; Optimization; Simulators
20060049708 Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA USA

Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-Styrene Triblock Copolymers
Mather, B D; Beyer, F L; Long, T E; Jul 5, 2006; 3 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Novel, short outer block sulfonated SEPS triblock copolymers were synthesized, characterized via DMA and SAXS. The
polymers exhibited microphase separation in which the minor component, sulfonated polystyrene formed a dispersed, hard
phase in the soft, ethylene/propylene rubber matrix. The interdomain spacing measured by SAXS allowed an analysis of the
effects of the rubber block molecular weight and neutralization.
DTIC
Block Copolymers; Copolymers; Ethylene; Propylene; Styrenes
20060049767 Army Defense Ammunition Center, McAlester, OK USA

Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition
in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads’
Jun 2006; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The U.S. Army Defense Ammunition Center (DAC), Validation Engineering Division (SJMAC-DEV) conducted
qualification tests for the Clipless Seal used on 3A’-wide steel banding on a 40’ x 48’ wood pallet with .50 Caliber ammunition
in M2 metal boxes in wire bound boxes IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Ammunition Unit Loads,’ assembled by
Alliant Techsystems (ATK), from Independence, Missouri. Two test units were tested with a load of 4,200 lbs. each. The tests
accomplished on the test units were the stacking, vibration, drop, incline impact, forklift handling, and disassembly tests. It
was noted that on all four sample pallet units received from ATK, from Independence, Missouri, the last puncture on the
clipless seal on all the horizontal banding seals did not puncture through the material properly and only dimpled the banding.
To ensure the banding is securely sealed, the sealer should be adjusted to punch through the material in the future. Test Unit
#1 and #2 were tested in accordance with MIL-STD-1660 at ambient temperature, with no significant problems encountered.
The banding did loosen around the boxes, but remained intact on the pallets and still provided a stable and secure pallet. Unit
loads strapped with the Frey & Weische WS 19/3 + 1 Hydraulic head used with automated palletizing equipment to make a
108
clipless seal passed the requirements of MIL-STD-1660. This clipless seal notching can only be used as a replacement for the
current seal identified in the material specifications in the 19-48-4116 basic procedural drawing (ref ACV0061 7) for 3/4’-
wide steel banding only. Only boxed ammunition and components on 4-way entry wood pallets covered by 19-48-4116 series
drawings are approved for U. S. Army use with this clipless seal head used in automatic palletizer equipment for 3/4 inch -
wide steel banding.
DTIC
Acceptability; Ammunition; Evaluation; Performance Tests; Quality Control; System Effectiveness; Wire; Wood
20060049819 Glasgow Marine Technology Centre, UK

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can
Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding?
Winkle, I E; Cowling, M J; Hashim, S A; Smith, E M; Aug 1990; 22 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454935; NSRP-0320; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This paper presents an overview of recent research into the feasibility and advantages of using toughened structural
adhesives to replace some conventional welding for primary structures in the shipbuilding and associated marine industries.
The concept is explored through its application to the stiffener/plate connections of thin plated grillage structures where a
number of advantages can be identified. These include the potential for elimination of thermal distortion and residual stress
with little cost or weight penalty. Data is becoming available on such longer term problems as durability in the marine
environment, high temperature performance (including creep), fatigue and impact resistance. Research is continuing to
improve understanding and increase confidence in application to large scale structures. The paper concludes that the benefits
to be gained from using adhesives to achieve novel structural configurations, possibly involving dissimilar materials, will
provide continuing impetus to research and development in this area.
DTIC
Adhesives; Bonding; Conferences; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding

Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of Waste Forms Developed for Electrometallurgically Treated Spent Sodium-
Bounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the Yucca Mountain Repository
Report No.(s): DE2006-881577; ANL-05/43; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The results of laboratory testing and modeling activities conducted to support the development of waste forms to
immobilize wastes generated during the electrometallurgical treatment of spent sodium-bonded nuclear fuel and their
qualification for disposal in the federal high-level radioactive waste repository are summarized in this report. Tests and
analyses were conducted to address issues related to the chemical, physical, and radiological properties of the waste forms
relevant to qualification. These include the effects of composition and thermal treatments on the phase stability, radiation
effects, and methods for monitoring product consistency. Other tests were conducted to characterize the degradation and
radionuclide release behaviors of the ceramic waste form (CWF) used to immobilize waste salt and the metallic waste form
(MWF) used to immobilize metallic wastes and to develop models for calculating the release of radionuclides over long times
under repository-relevant conditions. Most radionuclides are contained in the binder glass phase of the CWF and in the
intermetallic phase of the MWF. The release of radionuclides from the CWF is controlled by the dissolution rate of the binder
glass, which can be tracked using the same degradation model that is used for highlevel radioactive waste (HLW) glass. Model
parameters measured for the aqueous dissolution of the binder glass are used to model the release of radionuclides from a CWF
under all water-contact conditions. The release of radionuclides from the MWF is elementspecific, but the release of U occurs
the fastest under most test conditions. The fastest released constituent was used to represent all radionuclides in model
development. An empirical aqueous degradation model was developed to describe the dependence of the radionuclide release
rate from a MWF on time, pH, temperature, and the Cl concentration. The models for radionuclide release from the CWF and
MWF are both bounded by the HLW glass degradation model developed for use in repository licensing, and HLW glass can
be used as a surrogate for both CWF and MWF in performance assessment calculations. Test results indicate that the
radionuclide release from CWF and MWF is adequately described by other relevant performance assessment models, such as
the models for the solution chemistries in breached waste packages, dissolved concentration limits, and the formation of
radionuclide-bearing colloids.
NTIS
Ceramics; Mountains; Nuclear Fuels; Radioactive Wastes; Sodium
109
Effects of Heat Treatment and Formulation on the Phase Composition and Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ceramic
Waste Form
Report No.(s): DE2006-881576; ANL-05/32; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
High-level radioactive waste salts generated during the electrometallurgical treatment of spent sodium-bonded nuclear
fuel from the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II will be immobilized in a ceramic waste form (CWF). Tests are being conducted
to evaluate the suitability of the CWF for disposal in the planned federal high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca
Mountain. In this report, the results of laboratory tests and analyses conducted to address product consistency and thermal
stability issues called out in waste acceptance requirements are presented. The tests measure the impacts of (1) variations in
the amounts of salt and binder glass used to make the CWF and (2) heat treatments on the phase composition and chemical
durability of the waste form. A series of CWF materials was made to span the ranges of salt and glass contents that could be
used during processing: between 5.0 and 15 mass% salt loaded into the zeolite (the nominal salt loading is 10.7%, and the
process control range is 10.6 to 11.2 mass%), and between 20 and 30 mass% binder glass mixed with the salt-loaded zeolite
(the nominal glass content is 25% and the process control range is 20 to 30 mass%). In another series of tests, samples of two
CWF products made with the nominal salt and glass contents were reheated to measure the impact on the phase composition
and durability: long-term heat treatments were conducted at 400 and 500 oC for durations of 1 week, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6
months, and 1 year; short-term heat treatments were conducted at 600, 700, 800, and 850 oC for durations of 4, 28, 52, and
100 hours. All of the CWF products that were made with different amounts of salt, zeolite, and glass and all of the heat-treated
CWF samples were analyzed with powder X-ray diffraction to measure changes in phase compositions and subjected to 7-day
product consistency tests to measure changes in the chemical durability.
NTIS
Breeder Reactors; Ceramics; Durability; Heat Treatment; Temperature Effects

Analysis of Bonded Elastic Blocks
Banks, H T; Pinter, Gabriella A; Yeoh, O H; Jan 2001; 18 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
We investigate the compression of rubber blocks bonded to rigid metal plates for several different geometries, namely for
rectangular and V-shaped blocks We obtain reasonably simple solutions in series form relating the force and the displacement
using the ‘pressure method’ developed by Gent. Our initial assumption concerning the incompressibility of the rubber is
subsequently relaxed to ‘near incompressibility’ to yield more accurate solutions. We demonstrate a very good agreement
between the theoretical solutions and the results of linear finite element simulations.
DTIC
Elastic Properties; Bonded Joints

Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at the Savannah River Site
Skidmore, E.; Thakur, S.; Hiller, R.; January 2006; 18 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The Savannah River Site (SRS) is one of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear materials production sites,
covering approximately 300 square miles near Aiken, SC. The SRS has operated since 1954, producing plutonium, tritium,
and other nuclear materials critical for national defense. The SRS is a large complex that includes nuclear reactors, fuel/target
fabrication, chemical separation facilities, radioactive waste storage and processing facilities, research laboratories and a
supporting infrastructure for water treatment and steam generation. Protective coatings have been used at the SRS for more
than 50 years to provide corrosion protection and to facilitate radiological decontamination. Most of the protective coating
systems used have been solvent-based. The site has developed a new coatings program encouraging the use of waterborne and
lower VOC coatings where feasible, reducing personnel hazards as well as application and disposal costs.
NTIS
Grasslands; Rivers; Solvents
110
28
PROPELLANTS AND FUELS
Includes rocket propellants, igniters, and oxidizers; their storage and handling procedures; and aircraft fuels. For nuclear fuels see 73
Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; and 44
Energy Production and Conversion.
20060048627 Naval Medical Research Inst., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field
Bell, J; Mattie, D; Jederberg, W W; Still, K R; Jan 1998; 30 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453227; NMRI-95-115; AL/OE-CL-1995-0208; No Copyright; ONLINE:
The Occupational Medicine Division of Armstrong Laboratory Occupational and Environmental Health Directorate
(AL/OEM was requested by AL/OET, Tri-Service Toxicology Consortium and sponsored by NMRI/TD to perform an
exposure assessment on workers handling the new jet fuel, JP-8 Plus 100. Six areas of concern were addressed during this
exposure assessment. These areas included personnel in the flightline, Aerospace Ground Equipment (AGE) repair, Jet Engine
repair. Fuel Cell repair, Petroleum-Oils and Lubricants. Included were personnel exposed to both exhaust and raw fuel. A total
of 40 area and breathing zone air samples were collected and analyzed from the six areas of concern during 22 May and 25
May 1995. VM & P naptha, benzene, nitrogen dioxide, toluene, and xylene samples were analyzed by Armstrong Laboratory
Aldehydes, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and summa canister samples were analyzed using Galson Laboratories No exposures
above currently permitted levels were detected. Data from the summa canisters provided results that are relatively close.
However, methylene chloride is at least 70 percent high in JP-8 Plus 100 than in JP-8. Recommendations were made to reduce
the exposure of workers to the fuel and additive package.
DTIC
Exposure; Hygiene; Industrial Safety; Jet Engine Fuels; JP-8 Jet Fuel; Occupational Diseases

Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Functionally Graded Propellants
Young, Gregory; Bruck, Hugh A; Gowrisankaran, Swaminathan; Jan 2003; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Functionally Graded Solid Rocket Propellants are being developed at NSWC-lndian Head in conjunction with the
University of Maryland. The approach being used treats these propellants as typical Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs),
which by definition are structures that possess gradual variations in material behavior that enhance material andlor structural
performance. For functionally graded propellants, Twin Screw Extrusion (TSE) processing is used to continuously vary the
composition throughout a grain in a controlled manner. As a result, TSE processing allows the burning rates of propellants
to be tailored as a function of burning web thickness. This in turn will allow for direct Thrust Magnitude Control (TMC) for
a solid rocket motor, which has proven difficult to achieve in the past.
DTIC
Ballistics; Propellants; Rocket Engines; Solid Rocket Propellants
20060049651 Argent Marine Operations, Inc., Solomons, MD USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and
Reactivation of LNG Tankers: Lessons Learned
Boylston, John W; Riley, Paul J; Van Tassel, Gary W; Nov 1993; 21 pp.; In English
The Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) Industry went from a projected boom in the 1970’s to a contracted industry in the 1980’s,
when many ships were either permanently or temporarily laid up. In the 1990’s, many laid up LNG carriers are being
reactivated after as many as 12 years in lay-up. While the capital cost of an LNG carrier should dictate maximum preservation
of the asset, the LNG industry is not immune to having to make hard economic decisions during slack times. In this paper,
the authors present specific alternate lay-up procedures, together with the relative costs of these alternatives. LNG carriers are
steam vessels, as are many of the vessels in the Ready Reserve Fleet (RRF). However, many of the conclusions reached can
also be applied to motor vessels, and as such could be of interest to operators and shipyards in all phases of the RRF program.
111
The subjects of dehumidification, inert gas plants, ballast tank coatings and drydocking, among others, will be discussed.
DTIC
Conferences; Costs; Lay-Up; Liquefied Natural Gas; Marine Technology; Ships
20060050063 NASA Stennis Space Center, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Delivery Systems at NASA SSC
Ryan, Harry M.; Coote, David J.; Ahuja, Vineet; Hosangadi, Ashvin; September 09, 2006; 2 pp.; In English; 54th JPM, 14-17
May 2007, Denver, CO, USA
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNS06AA12C
Report No.(s): SSTI-8080-0012; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Accurate modeling of liquid rocket engine test processes involves assessing critical fluid mechanic and heat and mass
transfer mechanisms within a cryogenic environment, and accurately modeling fluid properties such as vapor pressure and
liquid and gas densities as a function of pressure and temperature. The Engineering and Science Directorate at the NASA John
C. Stennis Space Center has developed and implemented such analytic models and analysis processes that have been used over
a broad range of thermodynamic systems and resulted in substantial improvements in rocket propulsion testing services. In
this paper, we offer an overview of the analyses techniques used to simulate pressurization and propellant fluid systems
associated with the test stands at the NASA John C. Stennis Space Center. More specifically, examples of the global
performance (one-dimensional) of a propellant system are provided as predicted using the Rocket Propulsion Test Analysis
(RPTA) model. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses utilizing multi-element, unstructured, moving grid capability of
complex cryogenic feed ducts, transient valve operation, and pressurization and mixing in propellant tanks are provided as
well.
Author
Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines; Fluid Mechanics; Heat Transfer; Mass Transfer; Cryogenics; Gas Density; Propulsion;
Fuel Tank Pressurization
31
ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to engineering and applied physics, and particular areas of vacuum technology, industrial
engineering, cryogenics, and fire prevention. For specific topics in engineering see categories 32 through 39.
20060048660 George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA USA

A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiometers
Qu, John J; Hao, Xianjun; Hauss, Bruce; Wang, Chunming; Privette, Jeffrey; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Hardcopy
Approaches for establishing the absolute calibration of a newly deployed, satellite-borne radiometer have varied from
aircraft under flights with previously calibrated sensors to vicarious calibration over known, benign backgrounds, utilizing
radiative transfer models to generate top-of-atmosphere radiances. In this paper, we demonstrate the efficacy of this approach
by presenting results of the cross comparison of two sensors that are known to be well calibrated, Atmospheric Infrared
Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We focus on the results of the
cross-comparison between MODIS and AIRS for the ranges of atmospheric and surface conditions embodied in a variety of
common Earth scenes in this paper. We also investigate the dependence of the quality of the cross-calibration process as a
function of the surface emissivity spectrum, phenomenology, and atmospheric conditions, identifying under what conditions
the cross-calibration process is effective.
DTIC
Calibrating; Cross Correlation; Radiative Transfer; Radiometers; Spectroradiometers; Weather
20060049010 Midwest Research Inst., Kansas City, MO USA

Development and Testing of a Novel Standard Particle for Performance Verification of Biodefense/Bioterrorism
Detection Systems
Brown, Kelly L; Alburty, David S; Dannehl, Jennifer L; Page, Andrew E; Huebner, Robert C; Swank, Freeman J; Fischer,
Mike F; Nov 19, 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
112
This paper describes a novel simulant test particle that allows for the calibration of biodetection systems without causing
safety concerns. Specifically, this test particle is a polystyrene sphere, of an aerodynamic diameter similar to that of Bacillus
anthracis, with Bacillus globigii genomic DNA attached to the surface. The DNA attachment is strong enough to withstand
aerosolization and collection by a SpinCon sampler, and yet weak enough to detach during the GeneXpert analysis. Tests
performed at MRI have shown that the tagged beads can be collected in the SpinCon and then successfully analyzed in the
GeneXpert without modifying currently established analysis protocols.
DTIC
Detection; Evaluation; System Effectiveness

Method and Apparatus for the Portable Identification Of Material Thickness And Defects Along Uneven Surfaces
Using Spatially Controlled Heat Application
Reilly, Thomas L., Inventor; Jacobstein, A. Ronald, Inventor; Cramer, K. Elliott, Inventor; June 13, 2006; 10 pp.; In English;
Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 10 Apr. 2003; US-Patent-7,060,991; US-Patent-Appl-SN-410605; US-Patent-Appl-SN-373341;
Hardcopy
A method and apparatus for testing a material such as the water-wall tubes in boilers includes the use of a portable thermal
line heater having radiation shields to control the amount of thermal radiation that reaches a thermal imager. A procedure
corrects for variations in the initial temperature of the material being inspected. A method of calibrating the testing device to
determine an equation relating thickness of the material to temperatures created by the thermal line heater uses empirical data
derived from tests performed on test specimens for each material type, geometry, density, specific heat, speed at which the line
heater is moved across the material and heat intensity.
Thickness; Specific Heat; Defects; Walls; Boilers; Calibrating

Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave Information Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast with 3-G Hindcasting
Tracy, Barbara A; Cialone, Alan; Jan 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The Wave Information Studies (WIS) at the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), Engineer Research and
Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS, recently completed twenty years (1980-1999) of wave hindcasts for the Gulf
of Mexico using the second-generation wave model, WISWAVE. This wave information has been used by the Army Corps
of Engineers and private consulting companies for a variety of coastal engineering applications and represents an invaluable
resource for the coastal engineering community. WIS is commited to producing high-quality wave information; and thus, it
is important to compare the results of this hindcast with hindcast results using the newer third-generation wave modeling
technology. These comparisons are valuable for the coastal engineers that use this information and also help WIS evaluate new
hindcasting regimes for future wave studies. This paper shows results of three hindcasts using the same input wind fields and
the same nested grid system. Results will be shown at available measurement sites for the 1995 Level 2 and Level 3 Gulf of
Mexico hindcast.
DTIC
Forecasting; Gulf of Mexico; Hindcasting; Models

Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Detonation Engine
Frankey, Brian; Schauer, Fred; Bradley, Royce; Hoke, John; Jan 2002; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Experiments are conducted on a hybrid piston-pulsed detonation engine to evaluate the power extraction and system
interaction issues. The hybrid engine is constructed using a four-cylinder motorcycle engine with a spacer block between the
valves and pistons. Four detonation tubes, one for each cylinder, are placed perpendicular to the direction of the piston navel.
A deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) is used to achieve detonations. The piston is in the deflagration region of the
113
DDT. This hybrid engine has a critical starting frequency. Above this frequency the engine will self-activate and produce
excess power. Below this frequency, the power produced is less than that required to self-activate and the engine decelerates
after the starter motor is disengaged. The hybrid piston-pulsed-detonation-engine constructed for these experiments is capable
of producing 20 hp and 50 lbf of thrust simultaneously.
DTIC
Piston Engines; Pulse Detonation Engines
20060049470 Geological Survey, La Crosse, WI USA

Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program: Predicted versus Observed
Catch
Ickes, Brian S; Jan 2006; 3 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454562; USGS-2006-1074; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454562; Avail.:
CASI: A01, Hardcopy
Environmental monitoring programs are frequently designed to track changes in key physical, chemical, and biological
features of an ecosystem. As such, these programs provide critical information for detecting changes in system state,
investigating mechanisms associated with observed changes, and making resource management decisions. Because monitoring
programs require significant investments of time, money, and human resources, periodic evaluations of monitoring programs
are necessary to determine if the sampling design adequately addresses program goals and objectives. Periodic evaluations
also permit assessment of a program’s ability to provide adequate and useful information for changing management and
science needs. In 2001, the author evaluated the Long Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) sampling design for fish
on the Upper Mississippi River System by analyzing data from stratified random samples collected during 1993-1999 in six
Resource Trend Areas (RTAs). Specifically, he investigated whether the sampling design could provide nearly the same
amount of information it presently does with fewer sampling gears. The project’s goals were to assess information provided
by each gear used to monitor fishes in the LTRMP, engage program partners in a discussion of the relative value of each gear
within the present sampling design, develop alternative sampling designs based on simulations of historical program data and
expert opinion, and optimize the implementation of various alternative designs. Following his investigation and consultation
with program partners, the author eliminated 4 of the 10 gears used since program initiation in 1989. Results and
recommendations are in Ickes and Burkhardt (2002); available at http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/documents/ reports/2002/
02t001.pdf.
DTIC
Effıciency; Experiment Design; Fishes; Mississippi River (US); Optimization; Sampling
20060049610 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung e.V., Freiburg, Germany
High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Propagation and Impact Damage in Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride
(AION)
Strassburger, E; Feb 21, 2006; 33 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N62558-04-P-6031
Report No.(s): AD-A454630; E-08/06; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Fused silica and AlON (Aluminum Oxynitride) specimens were tested by means of a modified Edge-On Impact technique.
The specimens were placed between crossed polarizers and the photo-elastic effect was utilized to visualize the stress waves.
Pairs of impact tests at approximately equivalent velocities were carried out in transmitted plain (shadowgraphs, visualization
of damage) and crossed polarized light (visualization of wave propagation). The experiments provided direct evidence of
ceramic damage by nucleation and growth of fracture initiated by the stress waves, ahead of the coherent fracture front
growing from the impacted edge. A comparison of the results in a reflected light set-up and the shadowgraphs indicated
fracture nucleation in the interior of the ceramic. The experimental results provide a data basis for a deeper analysis of the
damage mechanisms by means of numerical simulation.
DTIC
Aluminum; Aluminum Compounds; High Speed; High Speed Photography; Impact Damage; Impact Tests; Oxynitrides;
Photographs; Silica Glass; Transparence; Wave Propagation
20060049852 Army Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command, Warren, MI USA

Crew Integration and Automation Technologies
Dungrani, Sanjiv; Fearnside, Melissa; Orlando, Andrew; Jun 10, 2006; 6 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454980; TARDEC/VTA-13865; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
114
The U.S. Army’s Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Research Development and Engineering Center
(TARDEC) Vetronics Technology Area is responsible for technology applications that support reduced crew operations in
ground combat vehicles. The current program meeting this challenge is the manned Crew Integration and Automation Test Bed
(CAT) Advanced Technology Demonstration (ATD). The CAT is the culmination of past Science and Technology Objectives
(STO) that include the Vetronics Technology Test bed (i.e., the intra vehicle electronics suite STO), future scout virtual
prototype ACT II effort and Crewman’s Associate Advanced Technology Demonstration.
DTIC
Combat; Systems Integration; Test Stands
20060050018 Army Natick Labs., MA USA

Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surrogate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical Protective Uniforms
Klemperer, Elizabeth; Nov 18, 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Air-permeable chemical protective uniforms provide percutaneous protection against chemical liquids released as vapor
and droplets by adsorbing the chemical in a layer of activated carbon. The air that flows through the uniform fabric evaporates
sweat, providing cooling. The protective capacity of a material is tested by measuring the breakthrough time of chemical
warfare agent (CWA) applied on a sample at a vapor concentration and wind speed representing average field conditions.
Breakthrough time is many days for the dilute vapors of high-boiling percutaneous-threat agents and so testing has been
reduced to one day using increased mass flow rate of the chemical vapor. CWA tests can only be carried out in a limited
number of facilities equipped to handle toxic chemical warfare agents. Low toxicity surrogates are tested by the same
procedure to see how well they mimic live agents. One-to-one correlation would enable the testing of CP uniform material
in a standard chemistry laboratory setting. The properties of the CWA surrogate must mimic the properties of the CWA itself
for a good correlation outcome between the surrogate test results and live agent resistance performance. Tests with a standard
HD simulant were carried out in our laboratory to standardize sampling of activated carbon materials and procedures. Simulant
and agent testing at low and high relative humidity was carried out at Calspan Univ. of Buffalo Research Center (CUBRC).
Comparison of the results obtained from vapor permeation testing showed excellent correlation of permeation behavior
between CWA’s and simulants at high humidity. Liquid drop tests revealed a divergence for GD and DMMP (dimethyl
methylphosphonate) only for early penetration results at both low and high relative humidity, where MeS provided the match.
The effect of humidity is small for HD and MeS (methyl salicylate). The same effects are seen in thickened drops.
DTIC
Chemical Warfare; Drop Tests; Protective Clothing; Vapors
32
COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; communications theory. For related
information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and 17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications,
Command and Tracking; for search and rescue, see 03 Air Transportation and Safety; and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.

Performance, Capacity and Limitations of AMSS Communications
Ripamonti, Claudio; Konangi, Vijay K.; Kerczewski, robert J.; [2002]; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white
illustrations
Report No.(s): IEEEAC Paper 1336; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
This paper reports on the performance of Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS), based on simulation results,
when incorporated into the Aeronautical Telecommunications Network (ATN). A comparison between its performance under
current data traffic load and under future ATN traffic load was used to determine the reliability of AMSS in providing
continuous communications between the ground and the aircraft over remote regions of the globe. The simulation involved
modeling AMSS through the use of the published standards to ensure the accuracy of the results. Although the results indicated
that there is indeed a reduced capacity (to about one-fourth) and efficiency of the system at the increased traffic load, the
reduction in performance does not lead to the conclusion that an alternative to AMSS must be found. On the contrary, some
115
modifications to the protocols controlling the operation of AMSS and updating the system with new technologies, would make
it as valid a solution to the problem as it is today.
Author
Aeronautical Satellites; Simulation; Telecommunication; Mobile Communication Systems
20060048225 Foundation of Research and Education of American Health Information Management Association, Chicago,
IL, USA
Development of State Level Health Information Exchange Initiatives. Final Report
Sep. 01, 2006; 58 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DHHS-HHSP23320064105EC
Report No.(s): PB2006-115658; Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Health information exchange (HIE) has received significant national attention recently, starting with the 2004 directive
from President Bush for interoperable electronic health records (EHRs) by 2014. This was followed by the creation of the
Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC) and its subsequent work toward facilitating the
creation of a nationwide health information network. Other activity has included the Report from the Commission on Systemic
Interoperability, and federally and locally funded efforts to advance HIE throughout the country. During the past few years,
more than 200 local HIE efforts have been established. More recently, a number of state-level initiatives have been formed
through Executive Order, state legislation, state agency efforts, and grass roots efforts. The purpose of this project is to gather
information from existing state-level HIE initiatives to determine successful governance and legal, financial, and operational
characteristics; to develop consensus on guidance for developing state-level HIE initiatives; and to disseminate these findings
widely. For the purposes of this report, state-level HIE initiative means an HIE (which could include the exchange of clinical
data, administrative data, or both) initiative or organization that is statewide in scope and involves some form of public-private
collaboration, partnership, or governance.
NTIS
Health; Law (Jurisprudence)
20060048338 National Inst. of Information and Communications Technology, Japan

Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2
June 2006; ISSN 1349-3191; 133 pp.; In Japanese; See also 20060048339 - 20060048353; Original contains color and black
and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Topics covered include: R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World; Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal
Processing; EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission; Research and Development of
High-Capacity Optical Link Technologies; Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation; Advanced Optical Modulators for
Next-generation Photonic Networks; Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies; OCDM Transmission
Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link; Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Switching/Optical Access Network; Compact
Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling 1-Paths; Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super-Network; Advanced
Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing; Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch
Prototype and Related Technologies; Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches; and A
Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network.
Derived from text
Optical Communication; Information Systems; Signal Transmission; Packet Switching; Optical Data Processing

Research and Development of 160 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Prototype and Related Technologies
Wada, Naoya; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006,
pp. 103-112; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
We have developed optical packet switch (OPS) prototype with optical code label processing, optical switching, optical
buffering, and electronic scheduling to improve drastically the switching performance of optical packets in photonic network
nodes. 160 Gbit/s/port OPS prototype is developed by introduction of 25 Gchip/s narrow-band optical code label processing
and optical buffering with noise reduction function. A novel packet bit error rate (BER) and loss real-time measurement
method and system for 40 Gbit/s variable-length packets has been proposed. In real-time, only the payload data part of packet
and burst stream with fluctuated packet interval time and packet length is evaluated. Packet BER and loss real-time
measurement with various conditions is experimentally demonstrated by using proposed measurement system and OPS
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system. Packet BER and loss real-time measurement with 160 Gbit/s variable-length OPS, OTDM-MUX/DEMUX, and
preamble free 10 Gbit/s optical packet 3R receiving are experimentally demonstrated. Finally, total demonstration by using
160 Gbit/s/port OPS prototype with optical buffer, packet BER evaluation system, and 160 Gbit/s to 10 Gbit/s
OTDM-MUX/DEMUX system is reported.
Author
Research and Development; Packet Switching; Prototypes; Technologies; Bit Error Rate; Optical Data Processing
20060048351 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corp., Japan

Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super-Network
Naruse, Yuuichi; Yagi, Takeshi; Nishioka, Itaru; Kano, Shinya; Kodama, Takeshi; Okita, Hideki; Review of the National
Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 91-96; In Japanese; See also
20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
We propose the cooperative multi-layered traffic engineering technologies. Our technologies are designed to achieve the
scalability goal of the e-Japan Strategy of Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in which a terabit-class network
can accommodate about 40 millions of broadband users. We report the experiments of the Terabit-class Super-network using
prototype systems.
Author
Prototypes; Communication Networks; Optical Paths; Autonomy
20060048513 COM DEV Ltd., Cambridge, Ontario, Canada

Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Mission
Kolacz, Richard; Chen, Weiguo; Curtis, Henry; Gore, Joseph; Kilberg, Steve; Proceedings from the 2nd International
This paper presents the results of a number of system engineering studies on single pass terrain mapping using a
spatially-varying cluster of small satellites that are operated in tandem with a large-aperture synthetic aperture radar (SAR),
such as RADARSAT 2. The derivation of High Resolution Terrain Information (HRTI) depends on the availability of precise
knowledge of relative positions and associated time references of the satellites in the cluster. Optical intersatellite links (OISL)
can provide accurate intersatellite range and angle data, and can be used as a communication link for control of the cluster.
Author
Cluster Mission; Formation Flying; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Systems Engineering; RADARSAT; Communication Networks

Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Cues About Threat Location on Target Acquisition and Attention to Visual and
Auditory Communications
Glumm, Monica M; Kehring, Kathy L; White, Timothy L; Aug 2006; 54 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-62716AH70
CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This study examined the effects of tactile, visual, and auditory (spatial language and three-dimensional [3-D] audio) cues
about threat location on target acquisition and the recall of information presented in visual and auditory communications. On
average, participants hit 98% of the targets presented when cued about the location of targets compared to 64% in a baseline
condition (no cues). When target location cues were provided, time to first shot was an average 26% faster; 23% more
information was recalled from the auditory and visual communications, and overall workload scores were 17% lower. On
average, time to first shot in the visual and spatial language modes was 13% faster than in the tactile condition and 26% faster
than in the 3-D audio mode. Overall workload scores were an average 14% higher in the 3-D audio mode than in the other
conditions in which target location cues were provided. Communications modality did not have a significant effect on either
the amount of information recalled from the communications or on target acquisition. No interactions were found between
communications modality and cue condition. However, on average, 10% more information was recalled from communications
when target location cues were provided in the visual mode than in the other cue conditions.
DTIC
Cues; Optical Communication; Position (Location); Sound Transmission; Target Acquisition; Vision; Visual Stimuli; Voice
Communication
117
Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Signals to a Covert Tactile Communication System in a Dynamic Environment
Pettitt, Rodger A; Redden, Elizabeth S; Carstens, Christian B; Aug 2006; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This study was conducted jointly by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory and the University of Central Florida. The
purpose of this experiment was to evaluate Soldiers abilities to interpret and respond to tactile commands compared to their
abilities to interpret and respond to standard visual hand and arm signals given from leaders in front of and behind them during
movement. The tactile belt, developed by UCF, consists of eight tactors (tactile drivers) arranged equidistant around the
Soldier’s waist. Individual or multiple tactors can be activated by an operator using a remote wireless control system. Infantry
Soldiers, wearing their standard uniforms and body armor, negotiated a woodland individual movement technique (IMT)
obstacle course while simulating a combat patrol. Tactile and visual hand and arm signals were sent to the Soldiers as they
negotiated the course. The accuracy of signal interpretation and response times was recorded. The tactile signal patterns were
intuitive and easy for the Soldiers to understand; less than 10 minutes training was required for the Soldiers to become accurate
in interpreting the four tactile signals used during the experiment. Results demonstrated that Soldiers performing IMT were
able to receive, interpret, and accurately respond to the tactile commands faster than when the information was passed by
leaders in the front of a wedge formation and leaders in the back of a wedge formation using conventional hand and arm
signals. Soldiers also commented that they were better able to focus more attention on negotiating obstacles and on area
situational awareness when receiving tactile signals than when maintaining visual contact with their leaders in order to receive
standard hand and arm signals.
DTIC
Armor; Military Operations; Military Personnel; Situational Awareness; Telecommunication

Nuclear Command and Control: Current Programs and Issues
Critchlow, Robert D; May 3, 2006; 41 pp.; In English
The Nuclear Command and Control System (NCCS) infrastructure supports the President and his combatant commanders
when they direct nuclear forces. This report discusses the current role of the NCCS in light of the 2001 Nuclear Posture
Review (NPR) and the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), examines current issues surrounding the NCCS, reviews
modernization initiatives, summarizes NCCS functions and characteristics, and reviews NCCS platforms.
DTIC
Command and Control; Nuclear Weapons

An Emergency Communications Safety Net: Integrating 911 and Other Services
Moore, Linda K; Sep 1, 2005; 19 pp.; In English
The present capability and future effectiveness of America’s network of emergency telecommunications services are
among the homeland security issues under review by Congress and other entities. Emergency calls (911) on both wireline
(landline) and wireless networks are considered by many to be part of this network. The 9/11 Commission recommended that
911 call centers be included in planning for emergency responses. As technologies that can support 911 improve, many are
seeing the possibility of integrating 911 into a wider safety net of emergency communications and alerts. Without robust
support and back-up, 911 systems can be overwhelmed or rendered useless, as occurred in many locations after Hurricane
Katrina struck Gulf Coast communities on August 29, 2005. One of the intents of Congress in passing the Wireless
Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999 (P.L. 106-81), and of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in
implementing the act, is to make 911 technology universally available throughout the USA. A 2002 report, known as the
Hatfield Report, recognized the need to upgrade 911 infrastructure nationwide, discussed some of the difficulties encountered,
and recommended the creation of a 911 bureau at the Executive level. Congress addressed recommendations from the Hatfield
Report with provisions that were passed in the ENHANCE 911 Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-494). This legislation creates a five-year
federal program for 911 implementation and coordination and authorizes funds for a matching grant program. Appropriations
for the program have yet to be allocated although other funding is available through programs within the Department of
118
Transportation. This report reviews key points about the implementation of 911 and reviews some of the ways in which it
might be integrated with existing or envisioned networks or services. It will be updated.
DTIC
Emergencies; Safety; Telecommunication

Public Safety Communications: Policy, Proposals, Legislation and Progress
Moore, Linda K; Jun 8, 2005; 33 pp.; In English
Since September 11, 2001, the effectiveness of America’s communications capabilities in support of the information needs
of first responders and other public safety workers has been a matter of concern to Congress. The Intelligence Reform and
Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458) included sections that responded to recommendations made by the 9/ll
Commission, in its report of July 2004, and by others in recent years, regarding public safety communications. Nonetheless,
there is much still to be done to bring the USA to the threshold of adequate communications capabilities in emergencies.
Congress can expect that the many advocates for public safety, in all its forms, will continue to push for improvements in
public safety communications and interoperability.
DTIC
Law (Jurisprudence); Policies; Safety; Telecommunication

Radio Transmission Between Two Submerged Submarines
Norgorden, O; Quinn, R B; Jul 6, 1948; 12 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453796; NRL-R-3308; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Experiments have been conducted with two submerged submarines which demonstrate that a radio wave propagation path
is possible, involving transmission over the horizontal distance above the surface instead of directly through the sea water to
the submerged receiver, which holds the prospect of communication over militarily useful distances. Without special
transmitting, receiving, or antenna coupling equipment, and without optimum design of antennas or choice of frequency, a
transmission distance of 3000 yards was realized, at which point the signal was weaker than the high local noise.
DTIC
Radio Transmission; Submarines
20060049164 Post and Electronic Communications Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, Slovenia
Impact of Threshold Degradation on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links
Sval, Milan; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 21-24; In English; See also 20060049162; Copyright;
Avail.: Other Sources
With the growing density of fixed radio links, the possibility of system interferences is rapidly increasing. The most
significant consequence is threshold degradation of receivers. The reuse of radio channels at the same location often causes
threshold degradations that are above the recommended values. An analysis of the impact of threshold degradation on the link
availability is presented. Results prove that the impact is relatively low, provided that the link has been planned with a
sufficient fade margin.
Author
Radio Frequencies; Radio Communication; Radio Frequency Interference; Digital Systems; Degradation
20060049175 Ljubljana Univ., Ljubljana, Slovenia

Vision of the 4G Mobile Telephony
Tomazic, Saso; Sodnik, Jaka; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 13-20; In Slovene; See also
The mobile telephony has been one of the most perspective areas in telecommunications for some time already and it is
still developing and growing. At present, we are witnessing the development of the third generation which is slowly
establishing itself in the majority of the European countries. Based on current trends, the number of mobile devices will soon
exceed that of the stationery personal computers linked on the internet. The present paper focuses on some of the most
important names in the areas of research and development of the mobile telephony of the next generation. In August, the
biggest European telecommunications manufacturers and operators established the WWFR forum, which is in charge of the
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research in the field. The paper briefly presents its vision, which places users and their needs in the forefront. The mobile
telecommunications of the future will be based on simple usage and absolute adjustment to the needs of users. Each terminal
will be able to identify its users and will try to suit their needs in the best possible way. The terminal will take into account
the current location of its users, surroundings, users mood, etc. The two basic features of the future devices worth mentioning
are the on-line terminals and absolute mobility. With the latter terminals will allow connection with several different wireless
networks and will be capable of moving from one into another without the existing connection failing. The networks will be
based on the IF’ protocol and the communication will be enriched by multimedia contents. The paper further focuses on
technologies that will enable the realization of all the presented demands. The research in specific areas is in the domain of
the already mentioned forums and organizations.
Author
Telephony; Multimedia; Mobility; On-Line Systems; Telecommunication
20060049189 Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, USA

Home Computers and Internet Use in the USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Current Population Reports
Newburger, E. C.; Sep. 2001; 11 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2007-100256; P23-207; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The rapid adoption of computer and Internet technology by the U.S. population has raised many questions. Which
households have computers, and which have Internet access. Do children have the access to computer technology that they
need to prepare them for jobs in a human capital economy. Do some children have access while others do not. Who uses the
Internet, among both children and adults. How might this use change society. This report uses Current Population Survey
(CPS) data to address some of the primary questions raised by the nation’s changing technological base.
NTIS
Internets; Personal Computers; Populations; United States

Mitigating TCP Degradation over Intermittent Link Failures using Intermediate Buffers
Reynolds, M B; Jun 2006; 107 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454022; AFIT/GIA/ENG/06-09; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454022;
This thesis addresses the improvement of data transmission performance in a challenged network. It is well known that
the popular Transmission Control Protocol degrades in environments where one or more of the links along the route is
intermittently available. To avoid this degradation, this thesis proposes placing at least one node along the path of transmission
to buffer and retransmit as needed to overcome the intermittent link. In the four-node, three-link testbed under particular
conditions, file transmission time was reduced 20 fold in the case of an intermittent second link when the second node
strategically buffers for retransmission opportunity.
DTIC
Communication Networks; Data Links; Data Transmission; Degradation; Failure; Protocol (Computers)

Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted Associativity On the Reliability and Performance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Sanchez, Esteban F; Jun 2006; 146 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) presents unique challenges not encountered in conventional networks.
Predicted Associativity Routing (PAR) is a protocol designed to address reliability in MANETs. Using associativity
information, PAR calculates the expected lifetime of neighboring links. Nodes use this expected lifetime, and their neighbor’s
connectivity to determine a residual lifetime. The routes are selected from those with the longest residual lifetimes. In this way,
PAR attempts to improve the reliability of discovered routes. PAR is compared to AODV using a variety of reliability and
performance metrics. Despite its focus on reliability, PAR does not provide more reliable routes. Rather, AODV produces
routes which last as much as three times longer than PAR. However, PAR delivers more data and has greater throughput. Both
protocols are affected most by the node density of the networks. Node density accounts for 48.62% of the variation in route
lifetime in AODV, and 70.66% of the variation in PAR. As node density increases from 25 to 75 nodes route lifetimes are
120
halved, while throughput increases drastically with the increased routing overhead. Furthermore, PAR increases end-to-end
delay, while AODV displays better efficiency.
DTIC
Networks; Reliability
20060049440 Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

Analysis and Coding for Multiple-Access Channels
Ruszinko, Miklos; Mar 6, 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The most important communication channels were investigated in the situation of multiple users. These models do not
assume any central intelligence there is no coordination between the transmitters, so fit to the usual conditions of an ad-hoc
or sensor network. Better bounds on the minimum code word length and efficient code constructions were achieved for the
scenarios, when many independent, partially active transmitters are communicating over a shared medium. These techniques
can be applied in the usual code division multiple access (CDMA) situations where time and frequency resources can be
utilized in one continuous domain throughout the entire communication system. Neither CDMA, nor the recently used random
access protocols for conflict resolution utilize the full power of the channels. Efforts were made to obtain better bandwidth
throughputs between the transmitters, to fit to the usual conditions of an ad-hoc network.
DTIC
Coding; Multiple Access

Improving Multitalker Speech Communication with Advanced Audio Displays
Brungart, Douglas S; Simpson, Brian D; Apr 1, 2005; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Display Devices; Intelligibility; Speech

Comment ameliorer la selection et le traitement des messages verbaux? (How to Improve the Selection and Processing
of Verbal Messages)
Rivenez, Marie; Darwin, Chris; Guillaume, Anne; Apr 2005; 13 pp.; In French; Original contains color illustrations
Cognition; Messages; Psychoacoustics; Verbal Communication
20060049657 Army Aeromedical Research Lab., Fort Rucker, AL USA

Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Contact Microphones
Acker-Mills, Barbara; Houtsma, Adrianus; Ahroon, William; Apr 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Bones; Evaluation; Intelligibility; Microphones; System Effectiveness

Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Forces: Expanded Operational Architecture for Combat Support Execution
Planning and Control
Mills, Patrick; Evers, Ken; Kinlin, Donna; Tripp, Robert S; Jan 2006; 108 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
During the past decade, the U.S. military has supported continuous deployments of forces around the world, often on very
121
short notice and for prolonged duration, to meet the needs of a wide range of peacekeeping and humanitarian missions or
major contingency operations. The pattern of varied and fast-breaking regional crises appears to be the model for the
foreseeable future and has prompted the USA to reassess how it prepares, maintains, and employs its military forces. In
response to this operating environment, the Air Force has reorganized into an Air and Space Expeditionary Force (AEF). The
AEF concept divides the Air Force into 10 relatively equal groups (i.e., AEFs) of people and equipment. In any given 90-day
period, two AEFs (or one AEF pair) are vulnerable to deployment to fulfill Air Force deployment requirements. The aim of
this concept is to replace a permanent forward presence with forces that are primarily stationed in the continental USA
(CONUS) and can be tailored rapidly, deployed quickly, employed immediately, and sustained indefinitely. These AEF global
force projection goals present significant challenges to the current combat support (CS) system. CS is the collection of people,
equipment, and processes that create, protect, and sustain air and space forces across the full range of military operations. In
addition to the importance of CS, command and control (C2) has been identified as a key component of the AEF Agile Combat
Support (ACS) system that needs further development. Joint doctrine defines C2 as the exercise of authority and direction by
a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission. CSC2 thus, is the
exercise of authority and direction over CS forces and resources to meet operational objectives. This work expands on the
work of Leftwich et al., which presented initial concepts for guiding the development of a CSC2 operational architecture for
the AEF.
DTIC
Combat; Command and Control; Deployment; Logistics Management; Management Planning; Military Operations; Support
Systems

Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Code-Division Multiple-Access for High-Capacity Optical Networks
Ghaffari, B; Geraniotis, E; Jan 1992; 48 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; CDR-88-03012
This paper provides an accurate analysis of the performance of a random-carrier (RC) code-division multiple-access
(CDMA) scheme recently introduced for use in high capacity optical networks. According to this scheme coherent optical
techniques are employed to exploit the huge bandwidth of single-mode optical fibers and are coupled with spread spectrum
direct sequence modulation in order to mitigate the interference from other signals due to the frequency overlap caused by the
instability of the carrier frequency of the laser, or to the mistakes in the frequency coordination and assignment. The average
bit error probability of this multiple-access scheme is evaluated by using the characteristic function of the other-user
interference at the output of the matched optical filter. Both phase noise and thermal noise are taken into account in the
computation. Time-synchronous as well as asynchronous systems are analyzed in this context. Binary phase shift keying
(BPSK) and on-off-keying (OOK) data modulation schemes are considered. The analysis is valid for arbitrary values of the
spreading gain and the number of interfering users. The performance evaluation of RC CDMA establishes the potential
advantage in employing hybrids of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and CDMA to combat inter-carrier
interference in dense WDMA systems.
DTIC
Carrier Waves; Code Division Multiple Access; Coherent Radiation; Fiber Optics; Multiple Access; Multiplexing;
Transmission Lines

Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Optical Signals
Ghaffari, Behzad; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1992; 23 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; CDR-88-03012
This paper provides an accurate analysis of the performance of coherent dense wavelength division multiple access
(WDMA) schemes introduced for use in high-capacity optical networks. In our analysis the effects of interference from other
signals due to the frequency overlap caused by the instability of the carrier frequency of laser, or to mistakes in frequency
coordination and assignment, are taken into account. Phase noise and thermal noise are also taken into consideration. Dense
WDMA is then coupled with spread-spectrum direct-sequence modulation in order to mitigate the effect of interference from
other signals. The performance of this hybrid of WDMA and code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme is also analyzed
and compared to that of pure WDMA. The average bit error probability of dense WDMA and WDMA/CDMA schemes is
evaluated by integrating the characteristic function of other user interference at the output of the matched optical filter.
122
Gaussian approximation techniques are also employed. Time synchronous and as asynchronous systems are analyzed in this
context. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) data modulation is considered. Our analysis quantifies accurately for first time the
multiple access capability of dense WDMA schemes and the advantages offered by employing hybrids of WDMA and CDMA.
DTIC
Code Division Multiple Access; Fiber Optics; Multiplexing; Optical Communication; Transmission Lines
20060049857 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lexington, MA USA

Channel Characterization for EHF Satellite Communications on the Move
Smith, W M; Jul 12, 2006; 53 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0002
Report No.(s): AD-A454988; TR-1109; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
In addition to long signal propagation delays, the mobile satellite terminal in a land-mobile satellite communications
system is subject to channel impairments imposed by the terrestrial environment. Statistical channel models are needed for
protocol development and performance evaluation of systems for satellite communications (SATCOM) on the move.
Experimental measurements were made in and around Boston, MA, using a prototype system for SATCOM on the move. The
measurements characterize the 20 GHz down-link signal and were made in the fall and winter months of 2004. The elevation
angle to the satellite was approximately 360. This report covers the measurement campaign, initial single-terminal channel
modeling. and multi-terminal channel models relevant for cooperating ground terminals. The data sets are analyzed for the
statistical properties of the channel state. The channel is considered to be ‘open’ when a clear path exists to the satellite and
‘blocked’ when there is an obstruction in the path that prevents the successful transfer of information from transmitter to
receiver. For the single-channel analysis. three operational environments were previously classified as urban, rural, or open.
We propose two new operational categories: open highway and dense urban. The addition of these categories is based on a
natural partitioning of the experimental data. The open highway channel model contains very long open intervals, 310 m on
average, and is blocked 5% of the time. The dense urban environment, on the other hand, consists of tall, closely spaced
buildings. In this environment, the average blockage duration is 130 m and the channel is blocked 89% of the time. We
evaluate the suitability of Markov state models to accurately reflect the channel behavior.
DTIC
Characterization; Extremely High Frequencies; Satellite Communication

Test of Models RAA and RAB Receiving Equipments
Gough, John H; Feb 19, 1934; 35 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454333; NRL-R-1027; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454333; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This problem requires that exhaustive tests and examination of the Model RAA and Model RAB receiving equipments
be made to provide the data necessary for the preparation of revised specifications covering such equipments. The receivers
tested were manufactured by the RCA Victor Company of Camden, New Jersey.
DTIC
Receivers; Models

Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An MIT Security Studies Program Conference
Cote, Owen; Dec 1999; 79 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
This report is in part a summary and in part a reaction to a conference held in December 1999 by the MIT Security Studies
Program. The conference looked broadly at two questions. Why mobile targets? Why from under the sea? Operation Allied
Force demonstrated some important facts about our current military posture, and particularly about our strike warfare
capabilities, that hint at answers to these two questions. First, Integrated Global Positioning System (GPS) and Inertial
Navigation System (INS) guidance will soon solve the fixed target problem. What does this mean? If the U.S. military is
vigilant and aggressive in developing and protecting GPS/INS, it will be able to guide weapons of any range, precisely, night
or day, cloudy or clear, to any point on the surface of the earth. When the target being attacked is fixed at the point the weapon
is aimed at, it will simply be a matter of assigning the right payload to assure that the target will be within that weapon’s lethal
123
radius. Second, the mobile target problem is far from being solved. One definition of the mobile target problem is those
circumstances in which the attacker cannot be certain his target will be at the point of its most recent detection when the
weapon he aims at it arrives. In this category of targets lies the bulk of an opponent’s military forces, which remain still for
much of the time, but which move enough to make them mobile by this definition. During Allied Force, Serbian army and
police forces engaging in ethnic cleansing operations faced little opposition from allied air forces, even though the latter
enjoyed complete air supremacy by most definitions of that term.
DTIC
Conferences; Global Positioning System; Seas; Security; Targets; Warfare

Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Circulation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Report 2, Sediment Transport and
Morphology Change
Buttolph, Adele M; Reed, Christopher W; Kraus, Nicholas C; Ono, Nobuyuki; Larson, Magnus; Camenen, Benoit; Hanson,
Hans; Wamsley, Ty; Zundel, Aan K; Aug 2006; 216 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453954; ERDC/CHL-TR-06-9; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453954;
This report, the second in a series, describes upgrades of the two-dimensional circulation model CMS-M2D developed
under the Coastal Inlets Research Program (CIRP) conducted at the U.S. Army Engineer Rsearch and Development Center,
Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory. The upgrades chiefly concern capability to calculate sediment transport and morphology
change at coastal inlets, navigation channels, and adjacent beaches. CMS-M2D is operated as part of the CIRP’s Coastal
Modeling System (CMS) that couples calculations of wave transformation, circulation (horizontal currents and water surface
elevation), sediment transport, and morphology change. The coupling is interactive and accomplished within a graphical user
interface called the Surface-water Modeling System (SMS). Within the SMS, the CMS contains menus and steering modules
that allow specification of input and output, as well as the time steps for and degree of interaction among the various processes.
The SMS also contains utilities for viewing data and calculation results, monitoring progress of simulations, and running of
project level CMS-M2D applications with tidal and surge forcing as provided by a regional circulation model. CMS-M2D is
computationally efficient, easy to set up, and has features required for many coastal engineering applications at coastal inlets
and at the bays and beaches adjoining inlets. Example features include robust flooding and drying, wind-speed dependent
(time-varying) wind-drag coefficient, variably-spaced bottom-friction coefficient, time- and space-varying wave-stress forcing,
efficient grid storage in memory, and two hot-start options. Three sediment-transport formulations are available for selection
by the user, two involving total load formulations and one involving calculation and transport by bedload and suspended load
in an advection-diffusion equation approach.
DTIC
Depth; Morphology; Navigation; Sediment Transport

Characterizing the Impact of Precision Time and Range Measurements from Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on
Network Differential GPS Position Solutions
Cook, Kendra B; Mar 2006; 142 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454371; AFIT/GA/ENG/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454371;
Many GPS applications require precise relative positioning of a network of vehicles (such as aircraft, tanks, troops, etc).
Although GPS has become commonplace in today’s society, there are still limitations affecting the system. Recent advances
in dynamic Two-Way Time Transfer (TWTT) have potentially provided a means to improve precise relative positioning
accuracy over differential GPS (DGPS)-only approaches. TWTT is a technique in which signals are simultaneously exchanged
between users. This research investigates the impact of using Two-Way Time Transfer (TWTT) time measurements to augment
differential GPS systems to improve the relative positioning solutions of vehicle networks. Incorporating the TWTT time
meas. into the DGPS solution improves the 3-D relative positioning accuracy by up to 44% with pseudorange measurements
and 35% with phase measurements. Normally, the TWTT measurements are used in a manner that cancels out the impact of
the vehicle position in order to obtain a precise relative time measurement. The research also implements an innovative
approach to using TWTT measurement to obtain a precise measurement of the vehicle position in addition to the time
measurement. The results show that 3-D relative positioning solutions can be improved by up to 48% when using pseudorange
124
measurements augmented with TWTT time and range measurement and up to 40% when using phase meas. augmented with
TWTT time and range meas.
DTIC
Global Positioning System; Networks; Position Sensing; Precision; Rangefinding; Time Measurement
33
ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Includes development, performance, and maintainability of electrical/electronic devices and components; related test equipment; and
microelectronics and integrated circuitry. for related information see also 60 Computer Operations and Hardware; and 76 Solid-State
Physics. For communications equipment and devices see 32 Communications and Radar.

System Dynamics and Control System for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator and Fast Tool Servo
Montesanti, R. C.; Trumper, D. L.; Aug. 08, 2005; 12 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
This paper explores some of the system dynamics and control issues for a short-stroke rotary actuator that we designed
and tested for a new fast tool servo referred to as the 10 kHz rotary fast tool servo. The use of a fast tool servo (FTS) with
a diamond turning machine for producing non-axisymmetric or textured surfaces on a workpiece is well known. In a previous
paper (1) the authors provide details on the mechanical design and trade-off issues that were considered during the design
phase for the fast tool servo. At the heart of that machine is the normal-stress variable reluctance rotary actuator described in
more detail in this paper. In addition to producing the torque that is needed for the 10 kHz rotary fast tool servo, the actuator
produces a force and is therefore referred to as a hybrid rotary/linear actuator. The actuator uses bias and steering magnetic
fluxes for linearizing the torque versus current relationship. Certain types of electric engraving heads use an actuator similar
in principle to our hybrid actuator. In the case of the engraving heads, the actuator is used to produce and sustain a resonating
mechanical oscillator. This is in sharp contrast to the arbitrary trajectory point-to-point closed-loop control of the tool tip that
we demonstrate with our actuator and the 10 kHz FTS.
NTIS
Actuators; Bandwidth; Dynamic Control; Servomechanisms

A Study for Technology of Controlling Next-Generation Backbone Network
Otsuki, Hideki; Arai, Nahoko; Morioka, Toshio; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 121-126; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
It is strongly required from both viewpoints of reducing operation cost and advanced network functionality, to achieve
a technology to control kinds of network equipments by single protocol set. For development of wavelength division multiplex
network, as next generation optical network, it is expected to be in practical use the GMPLS technology to control optical
paths. NiCT is investigating to realize a global inter-operability of GMPLS in Kei-Han-Na open laboratory, collaborating with
industry, academia and government and aiming to lead international standardization, furthermore, to achieve a wide area field
test bed for GMPLS network utilizing JGN II.
Author
Optical Paths; Protocol (Computers); Multiplexing; Field Tests; Standardization

Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Signal Processing
Abendin, Kazi Sarwar; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June
2006, pp. 9-14; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
We demonstrate compact high-repetition rate picosecond/femtosecond pulse sources, wavelength converters using
nonlinear pulse shaping and ultrafast pulse retimers that are based on nonlinear effect in optical fibers. We generated
picosecond pulses at a 40-GHz repetition rate from a laser that employs photonic crystal fiber for reducing the cavity length.
Furthermore, we produce 10-GHz femtosecond solitons, tunable over a 90-nm range, by means of soliton self-frequency shift
of the mode-locked laser pulses in a 12.6-m-long PCF. Finally, retiming of signal pulses by orthogonally polarized control
125
pulses co-propagating using a polarization-maintaining fiber is also demonstrated.
Author
Optical Data Processing; Picosecond Pulses; Frequency Shift; Nonlinearity; Pulsed Lasers

EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmission
Murai, Hitoshi; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006,
Ultra high-speed signal transmission at a bit rate of 160Gb/s is one of key technologies to construct next generation ultra
high-capacity optical network. In the ‘Research and Development on Ultrahigh-speed Backbone Photonic Network
Technologies’ project, promoted by NICT, we have developed 160Gb/s optical multiplexing/demultiplexing techniques with
a capability for practical use. In this report, we describe the overview of the 160Gb/s OTDM technologies based on EA
modulators, and we also discuss the applicability of the OTDM techniques to real system, reviewing 160Gb/s field
transmission experiment on JGNII optical testbed.
Author
High Speed; Multiplexing; Signal Transmission; Demultiplexing; Modulators

Advanced Optical Modulators for Next-generation Photonic Networks
Kawanishi, Tetsuya; Sakamoto, Takahide; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology,
Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 51-56; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
This article describes recent research activities using an NICT novel optical device, the optical frequency-shift-keying
(FSK) modulator, which can provide high-speed control of optical frequency, phase and amplitude. The FSK modulator can
generate various types of high-speed optical signals, precisely. We show a couple of examples of recent results on applications
of the FSK modulator for next-generation optical communications systems, such as, optical FSK label processing, tunable
optical buffer techniques, high-speed differential quadrature-phase-shift-keying (DQPSK) signal generation for 100GbE and
continuous-phase FSK signal generation for dense wavelength-domain-multiplexing.
Author
Frequency Shift Keying; Quadrature Phase Shift Keying; Optical Equipment; Optical Communication; Modulators;
Multiplexing; High Speed

Highly Efficient Optical Communication Technologies
Miyazaki, Tetsuya; Naruse, Makoto; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol.
52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 57-63; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Highly efficient optical communication technologies are becoming important since the conventional strategies, such as
denser wavelength multiplexing or higher time-domain multiplexing, are approaching their physical limits. Power-efficiency
and volume-efficiency are additional important demands required in optical communications. In this paper, we show our recent
development in high-efficient optical communications such as multi-level transmission technologies and high-density optical
signal processing performed in a scale smaller than the diffraction limit of light.
Author
Optical Communication; Optical Data Processing; Power Effıciency

Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF for Remotely Controlling Lambda-Paths
Nakagawa, Goji; Yoshida, Setsuo; Kai, Yutaka; Onaka, Hiroshi; Review of the National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 85-90; In English; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.:
Other Sources
Metro access networks require dynamic provisioning of high-capacity links to achieve bandwidth-on-demand because of
frequent changes in data services and capacity to the users. We proposed a photonic gateway using Acousto-Optic Tunable
Filters for Metro access that provides flexible and rapid any node-to-node connections via the wavelength path with a simple
126
configuration, low cost, and compactness. We developed a prototype and confirmed that using the gateway flexibly establishes
connections between any nodes at wavelength path switching speeds of 0.25 ms.
Author
Acousto-Optics; Bandwidth; Switching; Tunable Filters
20060048348 Osaka Univ., Japan

R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in the World
Kitayama, Ken-ichi; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June
With full-scale deployment of broadband services, a future-proof 21 st-century network, which is based upon innovative
photonic network technologies, has to be built to cope with the rapid growth of IP traffic. In this paper, R&D programs
supported by national institutes in Japan, USA, and European Union are introduced.
Author
Research and Development; Photonics; Deployment; Proving; Broadband

Studies on Architecture and Control Technology for Optical Packet Switches
Harai, Hiroaki; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006,
In this paper, we first describe overview and advanced technology of optical packet switches (OPS) and requirement for
practical use of OPS of which target is the Internet and 10 Tbps throughput. Then, we report switch architecture, recent
activities of integrated technology and electronic control systems for OPS.
Author
Electronic Control; Control Theory; Architecture (Computers); Switches; Optics; Buffers
20060048353 Osaka Univ., Japan

Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Mitigation
Matumoto, Masayuki; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June
Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) is one of major factors limiting the performance of highspeed optical fiber
transmission systems. This review paper describes basic mathematics and features of PMD, statistical properties of PMD of
some installed systems, and principles of proposed methods of PMD mitigation.
Author
Optical Fibers; Polarization; Birefringence; Signal Transmission; Statistical Distributions; Dispersion

Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sensing
Woodard, Stanley E., Inventor; Taylor, Bryant D., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains black and
white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 8 Aug. 2005; US-Patent-7,047,807; US-Patent-Appl-SN-203583; US-Patent-Appl-SN-609510;
Hardcopy
A flexible framework supports electrically-conductive elements in a capacitive sensing arrangement. Identical frames are
arranged end-to-end with adjacent frames being capable of rotational movement there between. Each frame has first and
second passages extending therethrough and parallel to one another. Each of the first and second passages is adapted to receive
an electrically-conductive element therethrough. Each frame further has a hollowed-out portion for the passage of a fluent
material therethrough. The hollowed-out portion is sized and shaped to provide for capacitive sensing along a defined region
between the electrically-conductive element in the first passage and the electrically-conductive element in the second passage.
Capacitance; Detection; Electrical Resistivity; Electrical Engineering
127
20060048515 Alcatel Space, Toulouse, France
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for DARWIN: Breadboard Results
Bourga, Christophe; Peyrotte, Christian; Mehlen, Christian; Colmenarejo, Pablo; Lopez-Almansa, Jose-Maria; Barrena,
Valentin; Lestarquit, Laurent; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
A breadboard of a Formation Flying RF Subsystem has been designed, developed and tested in order to demonstrate
feasibility and performance of the concept proposed for the Darwin mission and for the Smart-3 demonstrator. This breadboard
comprises of 3 RF Terminal units and 1 PC hosting the near-real-time Navigation Processing software. Each RF Terminal
transmits and receives a TDMA L-band GPS-like signal, to and from all other RF Terminals. The breadboard is set up in a
laboratory and RF Terminal units are connected through cables. Ranging and angular measurements are collected in static and
dynamic configurations, and are used to compute relative position of the units.
Author
Breadboard Models; Formation Flying; Radio Frequencies; Navigation; Ultrahigh Frequencies; Time Division Multiple
Access; Proving

Convergence Analysis of a Class of Networks of Nonlinear Coupled Oscillators
Justh, Eric W; Jan 1994; 95 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; F49620-92-J-0500
Report No.(s): AD-A453246; ISR-MS-94-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453246; Avail.:
CASI: A05, Hardcopy
A network of nonlinear coupled oscillators is presented, and a convergence proof is given along with physical motivation.
Next, the network architecture is generalized by allowing interconnections between oscillators to be controlled in an adaptive
fashion, and convergence of the generalized network is proved. An example network is presented to illustrate the utility of such
networks and to show why the problem of undesired stable equilibria must be addressed. Two alternative approaches are then
presented which overcome the problem of undesired stable equilibria appearing in the network dynamics. Finally, an analog
VLSI approach to implementation of such networks is presented, and tradeoffs among power dissipation, bandwidth, and
network size are discussed.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Convergence; Nonlinearity; Oscillators
20060048700 Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA USA

Mixed-Signal Electronics Technology for Space (MSETS)
Ringo, John; Feb 16, 2006; 202 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453348; OGRD-21705; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453348; Avail.:
CASI: A10, Hardcopy
The purpose of this project was to stimulate development of analog and mixed-signal electronics technology for
communications and other missions in space. The research was conducted by the Center for Design of Analog-Digital
Integrated Circuits (CDADIC), headquarters at Washington State University, and consisting of multiple universities and
industry partners. To accomplish the research goal, 14 projects were conducted by CDADIC university-industry teams in six
major technical areas, as identified by AFRL. These six areas included: 1) System circuit modeling for VLSI circuit
implementation; 2) Standard cell/topologies in radiation-hardened SOI; 3) Reconfigurable mixed-signal electronics; 4)
System-on-a-chip; 5) Predictive radiation effects models; and 6) Ultra low-power technologies. Research covered all six areas.
DTIC
Aerospace Systems; Electronic Equipment

A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Integrated TEM Transmission Lines
Reid, J R; Webster, Richard T; Aug 17, 2006; 5 pp.; In English
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A compact 4-pole bandpass filter centered at 55 GHz with a 13.6% bandwidth is realized using an integrated
three-dimensional microfabrication process. The filter has an almost exact match to the design simulations except for a shift
in the center frequency that is less than 1.3%. Measured insertion loss is 2.4-3.5 dB. The filter is very compact, measuring
less than 0.86 mm by 1.9 mm by 0.3 mm. This filter clearly demonstrates the potential of three-dimensional microfabrication
processes for the realization of millimeter-wave filters.
DTIC
Bandpass Filters; Microelectromechanical Systems; Micromachining; Microwave Filters; Millimeter Waves; Transmission
Lines

Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for Detecting Incipient Instability
Kim, Taihyun; Abed, Eyad H; Sep 9, 1998; 38 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-96-1-0161; N00014-96-1-1123
Report No.(s): AD-A453764; ISR-TR-98-49; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Monitoring systems are proposed for the detection of incipient instability in uncertain nonlinear systems. The work
employs generic features associated with the response to noise inputs of systems bordering on instability. These features,
called ‘noisy precursors’ in the work of Wiesenfeld, also yield information on the type of bifurcation that would be associated
with the predicted instability. The closed-loop monitoring systems proposed in the paper have several advantages over simple
open-loop monitoring. The advantages include the ability to influence the frequencies at which the noisy precursors are
observed, and the ability to simultaneously monitor and control the system.
DTIC
Detection; Feedback Control; Nonlinear Systems; Stability; White Noise

Partial and Full Inverse Compensation for Hysteresis in Smart Material Systems
Smith, Ralph C; Bouton, Chad; Zrostlik, Rick; Jan 2000; 6 pp.; In English
Smart material transducers employing piezoceramic or magnetostrictive drive components typically exhibit constitutive
nonlinearities and hysteresis at moderate to high drive levels. While feedback mechanisms or careful choice of operating
regimes can often reduce these effects, spillover into high frequency dynamics and phase lags associated with the two
phenomena will degrade the controller performance at high drive levels in the absence of additional compensation or nonlinear
control design. In this paper, we discuss two techniques to compensate for hysteresis in high performance transducers. The
first is based on a complete transducer model, and the resulting compensator accommodates both the constitutive nonlinearities
and hysteresis inherent to the smart material components. The second technique employs a partial inverse compensator based
on anhysteretic models for the material behavior. This accommodates the constitutive nonlinearities but does not incorporate
the hysteresis; the latter phenomenon is then addressed through the inclusion of a feedback loop in the controller. The
performance of the partial inverse compensator is illustrated in the context of a high force Terfenol-D transducer.
DTIC
Hysteresis; Smart Materials; Transducers

Terahertz (THZ) Imaging
Rao, Raghuveer; Mar 2006; 53 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-517R
Previously, the problem of Concealed Weapon Detection, CWD, was addressed in the context of detecting weapons
concealed under clothing. Infrared and millimeter wave images were considered for the purpose. Infrared detection depends
on the concealed weapon’s temperature being significantly different from that of its surroundings. Millimeter wave detection
relies on reflection from the object of interest. Passive detection is possible in many instances since MMW is present naturally
and can penetrate various types of clothing. Active devices can also be used to provide MMW illumination. It was found that
IR images are less reliable since one can easily defeat or mask the object’s response. MMW detector technology has only now
advanced to the point where real time images are possible. Imaging in the Terahertz (THz) wavelengths was an avenue that
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suggested itself as worthy of exploration. Like MMW it penetrates clothing. However, with wavelengths ranging from 1
micron to 1 mm, it provides superior resolution. Furthermore, it offers spectroscopic capability that enables object
identification not only by shape attributes but also by material composition. This opens up applications such as standoff
detection of explosives. The range of 300 GHz to 3 THz has been explored by many researchers. Standoff ranges of up to 50
meters can be achieved at these frequencies. The main limitation is water vapor absorption. A considerable amount of work
has been done in developing THz generators and detectors. However, there is much work that needs to be done in the area
of signal and image processing algorithms for making THz technology useful in applications such as CWD and explosives
detection.
DTIC
Algorithms; Images; Imaging Techniques; Millimeter Waves; Real Time Operation; Signal Processing; Water; Weapon
Systems

Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Region
Prather, Dennis; Sulima, Oleg V.; June 30, 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNL04AC40T; WBS 478643.02.02.02.03; No Copyright; ONLINE:
Within the framework of the project the University of Delaware has developed InGaAsSb-based heterojunction
phototransistors (HPT) structure with a large (1000 micron diameter) photosensitive/photoactive area. Two different
compositions of quaternary alloys were used to provide the cutoff wavelength (50% of maximum quantum efficiency) of 2.4
micron (Type 1) and 2.15 micron (Type 2). The Type 1 HPT was composed of Al0.25Ga0.75As0.02Sb0.98 and
In0.18Ga0.82As0.17Sb0.83 layers with room-temperature bandgaps of Eg approximates 1.0 eV and Eg approximates 0.54 eV,
respectively. The layers are lattice-matched to a GaSb substrate. The growth started with a 0.15micron-thick n+-GaSb buffer
layer and was completed with a 0.1 m-thick n+- GaSb contact layer doped with Te. The HPT structure includes a 0.5 m-thick
n-type AlGaAsSb emitter, 0.8 micron-thick p-type composite base consisting of AlGaAsSb (0.3 m) and InGaAsSb (0.5 m)
layers, and a 1.5micron - thick n type InGaAsSb collector. The Type 2 HPT differed by a higher bandgap In0.16Ga0.84As
0.14Sb0.86 layers with a room-temperature bandgap of Eg approximates 0.555 eV.
Derived from text
Heterojunctions; Phototransistors; Fabrication; Crystal Structure; Molecular Beam Epitaxy

Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1
Zajc, Baldomir, Editor; Trost, Andrej, Editor; Odbor, Uredniski, Editor; Bajd, Tadej, Editor; Brglez, Franc, Editor; Divjak,
Sasa, Editor; Drnovsek, Janko, Editor; Gubina, Ferdo, Editor; Horvat, Bogomir, Editor; Jezernik, Karel, Editor, et al.; 2006;
ISSN 0013-5852; 80 pp.; In English; See also 20060049163 - 20060049175; Original contains black and white illustrations;
Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
The topics discussed include: Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents; Human Perception and
Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services; Vision of the 4G Mobile Telephony; Impact of Threshold Degradation
on Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Links; Electrical Drive Inductive Coupling; Object-Oriented Design and
Implementation of Computer Chess; Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations; Electromechanical Television
Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis; Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By
an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis; Design of Current Impulse Generator; Two Methods for Calibration Without A
Through Connection On A Three-Sampler Vector Analyzer; New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European
Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of Four-Phase Systems; and Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern
Realizations.
Derived from text
Digital Systems; Electromechanics; Principal Components Analysis; Television Systems; Radio Communication; Calibrating;
Detection; Image Analysis; Impulse Generators
20060049165 Kosice Technical Univ., Czechoslovakia

Electrical Drive Inductive Coupling
Kovacova, Irena; Kovac, Dobroslav; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 25-30; In English; See also
130
The paper presents a computer analysis of inductive coupling of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problem. Its
focus is on power electronics and electrical drives and tests performed by a numerical computer simulation that can disclose
suite surprising findings about EMC problems.
Author
Electromagnetic Coupling; Power Converters; Electromagnetic Compatibility
20060049166 Maribor Univ., Maribor, Slovenia

Electromechanical Television Systems with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and Synthesis
Jurkovic, Franc; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 45-46; In Slovene; See also 20060049162; Copyright;
The paper shows that three patents describing electromechanical television systems with nonuniform image analysis and
synthesis are based on the same principle as the human eye physiology. Viewing the field centre is perceived more sharply
than the remaining surrounding part. The Codelli system was realised by the German firm Telefunken. Codelli described it in
the journal Fernsehen in 1930. This system used 12.5 frames per second in sixty spiral rings.
Author
Television Systems; Image Analysis; Electromechanics; Nonuniformity

Design of Current Impulse Generator
Gaber, Matjaz; Pihler, Joze; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 53-58; In Slovene; See also 20060049162;
The standard exponential impulse current (Figure 1) is used for testing surge arresters and lightning protection systems
[ 1,2,3,4,5]. It is generated in a serial RLC circuit by discharging the capacitor through the coil and the resistor. The impact
of selection of the RLC circuit parameters on the current wave shape is described by the Equation (4) and is for various
parameters shown in Figures 3,4 and 5. Parameters of the current impulse generator are determined by using the graph from
Figure 6 [7]. From the computation results it is seen that it is impossible to obtain an accurate 8/20 ps standard exponential
impulse current wave shape in compliance with applicable standards (Tables 2, 3, and Figure 7), since the first oscillation after
the passage of the current through zero is larger than permitted [l]. By changing the impulse front time TI and duration time
T2, the results are in compliance with the standards (Tables 4, 5, and Figure 8). A change in the impulse current wave shape
(front time TI and duration time T,) varies all parameters of the current impulse generator. Upon changing the setting of the
maximum impulse current, only the necessary supply voltage changes while the current wave shape and values of passive
elements of current impulse generator remain unchanged (Figure 9). Reducing the surge capacitance results in the increases
the supply voltage and inductance in the surge circuit. Therefore, it is very important to find a compromise between the supply
voltage magnitude, capacitance and inductance. Reducing capacitance requires a higher supply voltage magnitude (Table 9).
In figure 11, a practical design of the current impulse generator is proposed. It contains a triggering spark-gap to obtain the
necessary switching speed. The figure also containing the tested object and measurement resistor that should be insensitive
to the skin effect.
Author
Impulse Generators; RLC Circuits; Oscillations; Inductance; Surges; Capacitance; Resistors

Physical Look on Economic and Finance Oscillations
Rusjan, Bruno; Rusjan, Edmond; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 38-44; In Slovene; See also
The paper treats a system of three combined vessels, analogous in certain conditions to a heat system of three combined
bodies and to a three-link RC ladder (Eq. (l), Fig. 1,2). It then analyses a damped spring-mass system, analogous to an RLC
circuit, pendulum and in certain condition, to a control system (Eq. (5), (6), Fig. 3,4). The superposition of phenomena of both
systems corresponds to the dynamics of combined vessels in particular conditions. Economic and finance oscillations of some
countries from 1980 show instability of the relative combined system (Fig. 5, 6). It seems that this system has two integral
links and therefore it is by itself unstable. A water power station (with a servomotor added to the turbine) is a dual integral
link system that is a practical example of combined vessels. Such a power station can operate economically and safely if it
has an outlet-inlet control and a high level control. If a higher electric power (outlet) is needed, it is possible only for a
restricted time conditioned with a minimal high level and a slow change of outlet preventing level oscillations. By analogy,
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it can be said that in economy and finance in addition to market appropriate control systems are needed. The most dangerous
is the outlet of money because it causes the greatest instability and crises. This is valid in particular for underdeveloped
countries. Keywords: combined vessels, heat transfer, RC ladder, damped spring-mass system, RLC circuit, control system,
multi-year oscillations of economy and finance
Author
Heat Transfer; Economics; Servomotors; Turbines; RLC Circuits; Finance; Oscillations
20060049171 Trieste Univ., Italy

New Perspectives for Power Transmission in the European Liberalized Electricity Market and Possible Role of
Four-Phase Systems
Fontanot, Sergio; Quaia, Stefano; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 64-70; In English; See also
Production outsourcing and transmission privatization are emerging trends in the European liberalized electricity market.
Transmission privatization can be a valuable opportunity of expansion for power system operators, but also an economically
convenient choice for large industrial customers, that can avoid the pay-tolls due to the public transmission grids by directly
connecting their production plants to the drawing power plants through non-institutional lines (the so-called merchant lines).
In this new scenario, the four-phase AC transmission can be an interesting alternative to the three-phase AC and DC power
transmission. This paper discusses the main features of the four-phase connection and the role it could play in the European
electricity market.
Author
Transmission Lines; Alternating Current; Power Transmission; Electricity; Connectors
20060049211 Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, NC USA

Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabilities Within the Positive-Differential-Resistance Regions of Tunneling Devices
Lasater, M I; Zhao, P; Kelley, C T; Woolard, D L; Jan 2003; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This paper presents theoretical results on instability processes that occur in the positive-differential/resistance region of
nanoscale tunneling structures and reports on efforts to development advanced numerical techniques for use in future
optimization studies. These results were obtained from numerical implementations of the Wigner-Poisson electron transport
model. Here, the primary focus of the reported research is on developing simulation methods that are adaptive to
parallel-computing platforms. Together, these investigations demonstrate the high computational demands associated with
modeling fully time-dependent phenomenon in resonant tunneling structures (RTS) and offer new numerical solutions for the
rapid and efficient analysis of these types of problems. Furthermore, the simulation tools under development will enable future
investigations into new quantum phenomenon that strongly influence instability processes in RTSs.
DTIC
Electron Transfer; Nanostructures (Devices); Quantum Wells; Resonant Tunneling; Stability

Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simulation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tunneling Devices
Kelley, C T; Woolard, D L; Zhao, P; Kerr, M; Lasater, M I; Jan 2002; 5 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
This paper presents theoretical results on instability processes in nanoscale tunneling structures that were obtained from
a computationally improved physics-based simulator. The results were obtained from a numerical implementation of the
Wigner-Poisson electron transport model upon a parallel-computing platform. These investigations considered various forms
of multi-barrier resonant tunneling structures (RTSs) and they were used to test the robustness of the new modeling code. This
improved modeling tool is shown to be fast and efficient with the potential to facilitate complete and rigorous studies of this
time-dependent phenomenon. This is important because it will allow for the study of RTSs embedded in realistic circuit
configurations. Hence, this advanced simulation tool will allow for the detailed study of RTS devices coupled to circuits where
numerical simulations in time and iterative numerical optimization over the circuit parameters are required. Therefore, this
132
work will enable the future study of RTS-based circuits operating at very high frequencies.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Coupling Circuits; Nanostructures (Devices); Stability

An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Plasma Flow Control Actuator
Wall, Jennifer D; Jun 2006; 95 pp.; In English
An experiment on the effects of a pulsed DC plasma actuator on a separated flow in a low speed wind tunnel was
conducted. The actuator consisted of two asymmetric copper electrodes oriented normal to the flow separated by a dielectric
barrier and mounted on a flat plate in the center of the tunnel. A contoured insert was constructed and used to create an adverse
pressure gradient in the test section comparable to a Pak-B low pressure turbine blade distribution. Suction was applied from
the upper wall to induce separation along the flat plate over the electrodes. The DC power supply was kept constant at 8.5
kV and power was regulated through a high voltage fast transistor switch. The pulse width of the switch remained at 250 ns
with the frequency ranging from 25 to 100 Hz. All studies were conducted at a Reynolds number of 30,000 to simulate takeoff
and other low speed conditions. It was found that the DC pulsed plasma actuator could reattach the flow but not consistently
at these conditions. Furthermore no evidence was found to indicate that coherent vortical structures are responsible for
reenergizing the boundary layer and controlling separation
DTIC
Actuators; Boundary Layer Separation; Direct Current; Low Speed; Magnetohydrodynamic Flow; Separated Flow; Wind
Tunnels

Model Development and Inverse Compensator Design for High Speed Nanopositioning
Smith, Ralph C; Salapaka, Murti V; Hatch, Andrew; Smith, Joshua; De, Tathagata; Jan 2002; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0107; NSF-CMS-0099764
Hardcopy
This paper focuses on the development of constitutive models, commensurate system models, and inverse compensator
construction for high speed nanopositioning in atomic force microscopes (AFM). All current AFM employ either stacked or
cylindrical piezoceramic actuators for both longitudinal and transverse positioning of the sample. An inherent property of these
materials is the presence of hysteresis and constitutive nonlinearities, even at the low drive levels employed for angstrom-level
resolution. At low frequencies, standard feedback mechanisms effectively attenuate the hysteresis, whereas noise at high
frequencies diminishes the efficacy of feedback and leads to unacceptable accuracy. In this paper, we discuss modeling
techniques which provide a first step toward high speed nanopositioning for applications ranging from macroscopic product
evaluation to real-time imaging of biological processes.
DTIC
Atoms; Compensators; High Speed; Hysteresis; Mathematical Models; Microscopes; Models; Nanotechnology; Piezoelectric
Transducers
20060049321 Kookmin Univ., Seoul, Korea, Republic of

Fabrication and Characterization of Electric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at the end of Scanning Probe Tip
Shin, Hyunjung; Jul 27, 2006; 6 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA5209-05-P-0350
Fabrication and Characterization of Electrical Field were investigated to develop induced Resistive Sensor at the end of
Scanning Probe Tip. The measurement and visual observation of doping profile were performed on Kelvin Prove Force
Microscopy (KPFM) & Scanning Nonlinear Dielectric Microscopy (SNDM). NiO Film was fabricated and characterized for
Memory Switching applications. Last, effects of Surface Treatment on Work Function & in-plane conductivity of ITO (Indium
Tin Oxide) Thin Films were also investigated.
DTIC
Electric Fields; Electrical Resistivity; Fabrication; Microscopes; Microscopy; Nanotechnology; Scanners
133
A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular Devices
Weaver, B D; Aug 14, 2006; 17 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454240; NRL/MR/6810--06-8980; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454240;
A theory is presented on radiation effects in ‘cellular’ devices comprised of small particles such as nanocrystals or
quantum dots. The theory explains the surprising discovery that the photoluminscence of quantum dot devices can be
significantly more radiation-tolerant than bulk or quantum well-based diodes.
DTIC
Quantum Dots; Radiation Effects

Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case Study: AEGIS Microwave Power Tubes
Apte, Aruna U; Dutkowski, Eugene; May 31, 2006; 45 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454340; NPS-GSBPP-06-010; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454340;
The goal of this research is to provide a descriptive case study that will chronicle the operational and engineering
processes that were used to reduce the total ownership cost for the AEGIS Shipbuilding Project while dramatically improving
the mean time before failure. The processes used to achieve these results are important to understand in light of current
reduction in various resources in different programs. In particular, this case highlights the role that Naval Warfare Centers can
and do play in the acquisition process.
DTIC
Cost Reduction; Microwave Tubes

A Computational Model for Sound Field Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision 6)
Banks, H T; Cole, D G; Furati, K M; Ito, K; Pinter, G A; Jul 24, 2001; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
In this paper, the authors discuss the sound absorption property of arrays of micro-acoustic actuators at a control surface.
They use the wave equation over the half plane for the velocity potential with a boundary dissipation by a proportional
pressure feedback law along the half plane boundary. The feedback gain over the array is described by a distributed shape
function. They develop a computational method based on the Fourier transform and employ it to analyze and evaluate the
decay rate of acoustic energy. Specifically, they carry out computations for a diffusive random initial field and report on the
resulting numerical findings.
DTIC
Absorptivity; Acoustic Attenuation; Acoustic Measurement; Arrays; Sound Fields; Sound Waves; Wave Equations
20060049397 Naval Observatory, Washington, DC USA

A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer
Brown, Alison; Silva, Randy; Powers, Ed; Jan 2000; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
In this paper, the Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase time transfer technique is described and a discussion is
included on the error components that currently limit the time-transfer accuracy using this method. Previous testing with
conventional GPS receivers has shown that carrier phase instabilities can cause offsets on the order of 1-2 nanoseconds. This
error source currently dominates the error budget when performing carrier-phase time transfer. NAVSYS’ High-gain Advanced
GPS Receiver (HAGR) was originally developed to allow phase coherent measurements to be made from multiple antenna
elements to enable digital beam forming to be performed. This same design, however, also provides a highly phase stable
observation of the GPS carrier, relative to a local reference oscillator, that enables precise time observations to be made for
134
carrier-phase time transfer. The design of this receiver is described in this paper. Test results are included to show the
carrier-phase time transfer accuracy.
DTIC
Antenna Components; Errors; Global Positioning System; High Gain; Radio Receivers; Radio Transmission; Receivers;
Sensitivity
20060049398 Naval Observatory, Washington, DC USA

Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer
Brown, Alison; Gerein, Neil; Powers, Ed; Sep 2004; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The development of time transfer techniques using Global Positioning System (GPS) carrier-phase observations promises
the capability to deliver sub-nanosecond time transfer capabilities. NAVSYS’ High-gain Advanced GPS Receiver (HAGR) has
been designed to enhance the accuracy of the GPS observations by using digital beam-steering from an antenna array. This
provides over 10 dB of additional signal gain on each satellite tracked, which improves the accuracy of both the code and
carrier tracking loops, simplifying integer ambiguity resolution for carrier-phase time transfer. This same design provides a
highly phase stable observation of the GPS carrier, relative to a local reference oscillator, that enables precise time
observations to be made for carrier-phase time transfer. In this paper, the design of NAVSYS’ P(Y) L1/L2 Code HAGR,
developed for precise time transfer applications, is described. Test results are included to show the accuracy of the code and
carrier phase observations.
DTIC
Accuracy; Antenna Arrays; Beams (Radiation); Global Positioning System; High Gain; Multipath Transmission; Radio
Receivers; Radio Transmission; Receivers; Steering

A Simple Data Logging System for Ballistic Applications
Kottke, Thomas; Jul 2006; 70 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
An economical and robust data logger is presented that is well suited to ballistic environments. This ballistic data recorder
acquires two channels of analog data over a 0- to 5-V range, with acquisition times as short as 2.3 microns and record lengths
as large as 0.5 MB per channel. The microcontroller-based architecture allows many data acquisition parameters such as rate,
mode, triggering method, and record length to be selected and varied by the user. Onboard batteries and charging circuitry
further enhance the data logger’s applicability and flexibility. Complete details of the ballistic data logger’s hardware and
software are presented in this report. A description of the hardware begins with a broad overview of the ballistic data logger’s
capabilities and method of operation and increases in complexity to provide complete electronic schematics, fabrication
methods, and component procurement information. A complete listing of data logger software is provided with extensive
documentation. The ballistic data logger’s performance is verified with an example of acquired data.
DTIC
Ballistics; Data Processing Equipment; Data Systems

Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflectance
Dietz, N; Woods, V; Ito, K; Lauko, I; Jan 1999; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The engineering of advanced optoelectronic integrated circuits implies the stringent control of thickness and composition.
These demands led to the development of surface-sensitive real-time optical sensors that are able to move the control point
close to the point where the growth occurs- which in a chemical beam epitaxy process is the surface reaction layer (SRL) built
up of physisorbed and chemisorbed precursor fragments between the ambient and film interface. In this contents we explored
the application of p-polarized reflectance spectroscopy (PRS) for real-time monitoring and control of pulsed chemical beam
135
epitaxy (PCBE) during low temperature growth of epitaxial Ga(1-x)InxP heterostructures on Si(001) substrates. A reduced
order surfuce kinetics (ROSK) model has been developed to describe the decomposition and growth kinetics of the involved
organon%etallic precursors and their incorporation in the film deposition. We den%onstrate the linkage of the PRS response
towards surfuce reaction chemistry composition film growth rate and film properties. Mathematical control algorithms are
applied that link the PR signals to the growth process control parameters to control composition and growth rate of epitaxial
Ga(1-x)InxP heterostructures.
DTIC
Electro-Optics; Molecular Beam Epitaxy; Optical Control; Real Time Operation; Reflectance

Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Modulators
Brost, George A; Michalak, Richard; Payson, Paul; Magde, Kevin; Feb 1, 2006; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-LINKI
Report No.(s): AD-A454485; AFRL-SN-RS-TP-2006-12; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
Numerical simulations were used to study the effect of electrode loss on the two-tone spur-free dynamic range (SFDR)
of analog photonic links with linearized directional coupler modulators. Radio-frequency loss in the traveling wave electrode
significantly limits the frequency bandwidth over which this class of electrooptic modulator can effectively enhance the SFDR.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Couplers; Dynamic Range; Electrodes; Electro-Optics; Frequency Modulation; Losses;
Modulation; Modulators; Optoelectronic Devices; Transmission Loss

Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bundling and Filtration in Large-Scale Distributed Simulations
Sanchez, Roberto C; Jun 13, 2006; 76 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454610; AFIT/GCE/ENG/06-06; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
Research has shown that bandwidth can be a limiting factor in the performance of distributed simulations. The Air Force’s
Distributed Mission Operations Center (DMOC) periodically hosts one of the largest distributed simulation events in the
world. The engineers at the DMOC have dealt with the difficult problem of limited bandwidth by implementing application
level filters that process all DIS PDUs between the various networks connected to the exercise. This thesis examines their
implemented filter and proposes: adaptive range-based filtering and bundling together of PDUs. The goals are to reduce the
number of PDUs passed by the adaptive filter and to reduce network overhead and the total amount of data transferred by
maximizing packet size up to the MTU. The proposed changes were implemented and logged data from previous events were
used on a test network in order to measure the improvement from the base filter to the improved filter. The results showed
that the adaptive range based filter was effective, though minimally so, and that the PDU bundling resulted in a reduction of
17% to 20% of the total traffic transmitted across the network.
DTIC
Adaptive Filters; Bandwidth; Filtration; Networks; Simulation; Traffıc

Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Heterojunction Field Effect Transistors and its Implications
Anwar, A F; Webster, Richard T; Smith, Kurt V; May 19, 2006; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): LRIR; 92SN04COR; Proj-2305
Report No.(s): AD-A454625; AFRL-SN-HS-JA-2005-0016; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
We report gate bias dependence of the charge due to piezoelectric polarization obtained by using a fully coupled
formulation based upon the piezoelectric constitutive equations for stress and electric displacement. This formulation is
significant because it fully accounts for electromechanical coupling under the constraint of global charge control. The coupled
formulation results in lower charge due to piezoelectric polarization as compared to the uncoupled formulation for a given Al
mole fraction. With increasing two dimensional electron gas concentration, that is, for gate biases greater than threshold, the
compressive strain along the c axis in the barrier AlGaN layer increases with a concomitant increase of in-plane stress. Current
collapse is correlated to the increase in source and drain resistances through their dependence upon surface charge. An
136
alternate explanation of current collapse using local charge neutrality is also presented.
DTIC
Bias; Electromechanical Devices; Field Effect Transistors; Gallium Nitrides; Heterojunctions
20060049626 Institute for Human Factors TNO, Soesterberg, Netherlands

A Microphone-Array-Based System for Restoring Sound Localization with Occluded Ears
Bronkhorst, Adelbert W; Verhave, Jan A; Apr 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Microphones; Sound Localization

Measurement of the Propagation Constant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Array (Preprint)
Janning, Dan S; May 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454662; AFRL-SN-WP-TP-2006-117; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
A technique is proposed to measure the propagation constant of surface waves on a periodic dipole array using a
waveguide simulator. Due to the slow wave characteristic of surface waves, it is necessary to present an evanescent waveguide
mode to the plane containing the elements. Two techniques for sensing the element currents are outlined.
DTIC
Antenna Arrays; Dipole Antennas; Electromagnetic Wave Transmission; Log Periodic Antennas; Measurement; Simulators;
Surface Waves; Wave Propagation; Waveguides

An Algorithm for the Accurate Localization of Sounds
MacDonald, Justin A; Apr 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Algorithms; Computer Techniques; Ear; Microphones; Position (Location); Sound Generators
20060049715 SRI International Corp., Menlo Park, CA USA

Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Targeting Efficient Reasoning
Uribe, Tomas; Lieber, Charles; Jul 2006; 65 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-05-C-0011; DARPA ORDER-S822; Proj-T568
The objective of this effort was to investigate novel computer architectures to support machine learning, based on
reconfigurable hardware and nanowire growth. The scope of this effort was to bring revolutionary architectural ideas together
with application drivers that embody cognitive processing dimensions such as machine learning, large knowledge bases,
information security and integrity, real-world reasoning, sensor integration and real time embedded systems. Conventional
processing architectures are ill-suited to processing the large, sparse, graph data structures necessary to efficiently represent
cognitive information and computations. Today’s silicon hardware can support a large number of parallel operations and high
bandwidth and low latency from small, distributed memories. However, traditional von Neumann architectures employ a
single-memory, single-instruction stream model that prevents them from fully exploiting the hardware capabilities. This
mismatch presents an opportunity to design new hardware architectures that will provide substantially better performance on
graph-intensive information processing tasks, which can perform parallel operations over large data structures. To support
these tasks while exploiting the silicon, the MATTER architecture described in this report distributes the data structure over
a large number of small, fast memories, and associates active logic with each fragment so that it can perform the necessary
operations on its local data. In addition this report describes the exploration into nanowire technology, focusing on the growth
of new connections. This is a unique capability of nanowire implementations, which could provide a mechanism for adaptation
over time.
DTIC
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays; Nanotechnology; Nanowires; Parallel Processing (Computers); Reconfigurable Hardware
137
20060049716 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USA
Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Synthesis and Testing
Hayes, John P; Markov, Igor L; Jun 2006; 61 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-01-2-0520; Proj-L486
The overall objective of this project was to investigate quantum study computing concepts in an integrated way and apply
design automation techniques, such as synthesis, simulation and testing, to quantum logic circuits via mathematical and
algorithmic models implemented in software. The research considered the interplay between conventional and quantum logic
design, aiming at a deeper understanding of both areas and provided extensive computational experimentation at scales
uncommon in quantum computing research. The project s main accomplishments
DTIC
Circuits; Electronic Equipment Tests; Logic Circuits; Mathematical Models
20060049762 General Atomics Co., San Diego, CA USA

High Energy Density Cryogenic Capacitors
Jul 7, 2006; 127 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-04-C-0297; Proj-30228
Report No.(s): AD-A454866; GA-C25413; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy
This is the final report for the High Energy Density Cryogenic Capacitor (HEDCC) program awarded to General Atomics
(GA) as prime contractor with GA Electronic Systems Division (GA-ESI) and MTECH Laboratories, as major subcontractors,
under the Offices of Naval Research (DARPA) CPFF contract: N00014-04-C-0297. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)
is also a team member but funded separately by ONR. The HEDCC program is a two Phase project with just Phase I being
funded to develop a 1 kJ cryogenic capacitor. Phase 2 when funded will support the development of a 100 kJ cryogenic
capacitor.
DTIC
Capacitors; Cryogenics; Flux Density
20060050026 Karlova Univ., Prague, Czechoslovakia

Growth and Characterization of Large Diameter CdNzTe Crystals
Hoeschl, Pavel; May 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The report summarizes the activities during the whole contract period. Parts of the results were presented in Progress
Reports No. 1 and 2 and will not be repeated in detail. The goal of the effort was aimed to test the middle-pressure setup after
completion and modification. Several boules were grown, wafers with dimensions 10x10 sq mm were fabricated and delivered
to NVESD. New wafers with dimensions 10x10 sq mm and 20x20 sq mm are delivered in parallel to this report. As was
reported in Progress Report No. 2 additional annealing approach has been developed in order to decrease the size of inclusions
to the size acceptable for MBE growth for cases, where inclusion formation was not suppressed during the growth. The main
goal was to look for such annealing conditions, when inclusion size and density is decreased and the crystal microstructure
is not damaged during the annealing process. A future outlook based on the results of a longer-term effort in CZT growth and
substrate fabrication in the Institute of Physics, Charles University in Prague is presented.
DTIC
Crystals; Microstructure; Molecular Beam Epitaxy; Substrates
20060050027 Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany

Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and Properties of Nanolaminated MAX Phases
Schneider, Jochen M; Jan 27, 2006; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This report results from a contract tasking RWTH Aachen as follows: A new class of machinable ceramic materials had
recently received attention due a unique combination of hardness, toughness, machinability, and oxidation stability. These
138
materials are called MAX phases, where M designates a transition metal, A is mostly a IIIA or IVA element of periodic table,
and X stands for C or/and N. MAX phases have a unique nanolaminated atom arrangement, which leads to a low shear
modulus - a property critical for low friction materials. However, MAX phases for tribology have not yet been explored
systematically. Most research has been done on the machinable Ti3SiC2 system. However, the list of theoretically possible
MAX phases is extensive. Practically, it is resource intensive to synthesize every thinkable MAX phase searching for a
material exhibiting advantageous tribological properties. A superior strategy is to calculate bonding, structure, and properties
of possible MAX phase compounds and then selectively dedicate a synthesis effort to the phase with the best combination of
properties. This project is based on state of the art (1998 Nobel Prize in chemistry) density functional theory calculation
algorithms to build up models of MAX phases and provide predictions of their phase stability and expected properties. It is
envisioned to systematically explore nanolaminated phases with the M2AlC formula to address the influence of the M
elements (Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, La, Hf, Ta, W) on bonding strength, electronic structure, and shear modulus. Our aim is to contribute
towards the development of novel tribological materials. We propose to study the relationship between the valence electron
configuration of M = Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, La, Hf, Ta, and W in M2AlC and the shear modulus of this fascinating new class of
nanolaminated materials.
DTIC
Ceramics; Transition Metals; Tribology

Carbon Nanotube Interconnect
Li, Jun, Inventor; Meyyappan, Meyya, Inventor; August 22, 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white
illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 11 Mar. 2003; US-Patent-7,094,679; US-Patent-Appl-SN-390254; NASA-Case-ARC-15042-1; No
Method and system for fabricating an electrical interconnect capable of supporting very high current densities ( 10(exp
6)-10(exp 10) Amps/sq cm), using an array of one or more carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The CNT array is grown in a selected
spaced apart pattern, preferably with multi-wall CNTs, and a selected insulating material, such as SiOw, or SiuNv is deposited
using CVD to encapsulate each CNT in the array. An exposed surface of the insulating material is planarized to provide one
or more exposed electrical contacts for one or more CNTs.
Fabrication; Carbon Nanotubes; Current Density; High Current; Encapsulating

Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator
Birchenough, Arthur G., Inventor; May 09, 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 28 Jul. 2003; US-Patent-7,042,199; US-Patent-Appl-SN-629875; NASA-Case-LEW-17,353-1; No
A Series Connected Buck-Boost Regulator (SCBBR) that switches only a fraction of the input power, resulting in
relatively high efficiencies. The SCBBR has multiple operating modes including a buck, a boost, and a current limiting mode,
so that an output voltage of the SCBBR ranges from below the source voltage to above the source voltage.
Regulators; Electric Potential; Switches; Effıciency

Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Conductive Media
Woddard, Stanley E., Inventor; Taylor, Bryant D., Inventor; July 11, 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white
illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 30 Apr. 2004; US-Patent-7,075,295; US-Patent-Appl-SN-839448; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467841;
Hardcopy
A magnetic field response sensor comprises an inductor placed at a fixed separation distance from a conductive surface
to address the low RF transmissivity of conductive surfaces. The minimum distance for separation is determined by the sensor
response. The inductor should be separated from the conductive surface so that the response amplitude exceeds noise level
by a recommended 10 dB. An embodiment for closed cavity measurements comprises a capacitor internal to said cavity and
139
an inductor mounted external to the cavity and at a fixed distance from the cavity s wall. An additional embodiment includes
a closed cavity configuration wherein multiple sensors and corresponding antenna are positioned inside the cavity, with the
antenna and inductors maintained at a fixed distance from the cavity s wall.
Magnetic Fields; Inductors; Transmissivity; Radio Frequencies; Capacitors

Self-activating System and Method for Alerting When an Object or a Person is Left Unattended
Edwards, William C., Inventor; Mack, Terry L., Inventor; Modlin, Edward A., Inventor; September 12, 2006; 22 pp.; In
English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 20 Feb. 2004; US-Patent-7,106,203; US-Patent-Appl-SN-783486; NASA-Case-LAR-16324-2;
US-Patent-Appl-SN-011229; US-Patent-Appl-SN-6714132; US-Patent-Appl-SN-329692; No Copyright; ONLINE:
A system and method use a wireless tether comprising a transmitter and a receiver to alert a caregiver that an object has
been left unattended. A detector senses the presence of the object, usually a child, located in a position such as a safety seat.
The detector is operatively coupled to the transmitter. which is located near the object. The transmitter transmits at least one
wireless signal when the object is in the position. The receiver, which is remotely located from the transmitter, senses at least
one signal as long as the receiver is within a prescribed range of transmission. By performing a timing function, the receiver
monitors the proximity of the caregiver, who maintains possession of the receiver, to the transmitter. The system
communicates an alarm to the caregiver when the caregiver ventures outside the range of transmission without having
removed the object from the position.
Author
Warning Systems; Transmitter Receivers; Sensory Perception; Tethering; Timing Devices

Magnetic Field Response Measurement Acquisition System
Woodard, Stanley E., Inventor; Taylor, Bryant D., Inventor; Shams, Qamar A., Inventor; Fox, Robert L., Inventor; Fox,
Christopher L., Inventor; Fox, Melanie L., Inventor; Bryant, Robert G., Inventor; August 08, 2006; 53 pp.; In English;
Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 30 Apr. 2004; US-Patent-7,086,593; US-Patent-Appl-SN-839445; NASA-CASE-LAR-16908-1;
US-Patent-Appl-SN-467194; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467112; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467841; US-Patent-Appl-SN-467842;
Hardcopy
Magnetic field response sensors designed as passive inductor-capacitor circuits produce magnetic field responses whose
harmonic frequencies correspond to states of physical properties for which the sensors measure. Power to the sensing element
is acquired using Faraday induction. A radio frequency antenna produces the time varying magnetic field used for powering
the sensor, as well as receiving the magnetic field response of the sensor. An interrogation architecture for discerning changes
in sensor s response kequency, resistance and amplitude is integral to the method thus enabling a variety of measurements.
Multiple sensors can be interrogated using this method, thus eliminating the need to have a data acquisition channel dedicated
to each sensor. The method does not require the sensors to be in proximity to any form of acquisition hardware. A vast array
of sensors can be used as interchangeable parts in an overall sensing system.
Data Acquisition; Magnetic Fields; Sensors; Electrical Engineering
20060050142 Spellman High Voltage Electronics Corp., Hauppauge, NY, USA

100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer Power Converter Prototype Development Project
Mar. 21, 2006; 180 pp.; In English
There were two setups used for the Energy Transfer Multiplexer (EMT) Converter prototype. The first was a low power
facsimile of the ETM converter power train for the debug and testing of the Control Board assembly. The second was the test
lab setup used to observe the parametric and functional performance of the prototype ETM Converter. This two pronged test
140
approach was used to decouple the programming and debug of the Control Board from the Power Train of the prototype so
as to avoid damaging the expensive IGBTs and power resonant elements.
NTIS
Energy Transfer; Multiplexing; Power Converters; Prototypes
20060050169 Army Research Lab., Adelphi, MD USA

Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor
Griffin, Timothy E; Aug 2006; 15 pp.; In English
A Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor (SGTO) of silicon is intended for pulse applications. Its operation is discussed. and the
device was turned off at low continuous current. From a review of GTO turn-off gate drivers. we discuss gate drivers for the
modest continuous currents of the SGTO.
DTIC
Thyristors; Gates (Circuits)
34
FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS
Includes fluid dynamics and kinematics and all forms of heat transfer; boundary layer flow; hydrodynamics; hydraulics; fluidics; mass
transfer and ablation cooling. For related information see also 02 Aerodynamics.

Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen
Flachbart, R. H.; Hastings, L. J.; Hedayat, A.; Nelson, S.; Tucker, S.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; AIAA Joint Propulsion
Conference and Exhibit 2006, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
In support of the development of a zero gravity pressure control capability for liquid hydrogen, testing was conducted at
the Marshall Space Flight Center using the Multipurpose Hydrogen Test Bed (MHTB) to evaluate the effects of helium
pressurant on the performance of a spray bar thermodynamic vent system (TVS). Fourteen days of testing was performed in
August - September 2005, with an ambient heat leak of about 70-80 watts and tank fill levels of 90%, 50%, and 25%. The
TVS successfully controlled the tank pressure within a +/- 3.45 kPa (+/- 0.5 psi) band with various helium concentration levels
in the ullage. Relative to pressure control with an ‘all hydrogen’ ullage, the helium presence resulted in 10 to 30 per cent longer
pressure reduction durations, depending on the fill level, during the mixing/venting phase of the control cycle. Additionally,
the automated control cycle was based on mixing alone for pressure reduction until the pressure versus time slope became
positive, at which time the Joule-Thomson vent was opened. Testing was also conducted to evaluate thermodynamic venting
without the mixer operating, first with liquid then with vapor at the recirculation line inlet. Although ullage stratification was
present, the ullage pressure was successfully controlled without the mixer operating. Thus, if vapor surrounded the pump inlet
in a reduced gravity situation, the ullage pressure can still be controlled by venting through the TVS Joule Thomson valve and
heat exchanger. It was evident that the spray bar configuration, which extends almost the entire length of the tank, enabled
significant thermal energy removal from the ullage even without the mixer operating. Details regarding the test setup and
procedures are presented in the paper.
Author
Liquid Hydrogen; Pressure Regulators; Phase Control; Thermal Energy; Controllability; Heat Exchangers; Microgravity;
Test Stands

Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cylinders in Forced and Natural Flows and Microgravity
Delichatsios, Michael A; Altenkirch, Robert A; Bundy, Matthew F; Bhattacharjee, Subrata; Tang, Lin; Sacksteder, Kurt; Aug
4, 2000; 9 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Semianalytical expressions are developed for creeping flame spread parallel to a fuel cylinder axis so that spread rates
measured or predicted for flat surfaces over the same material can be directly used for cylindrical surfaces. Two phenomena
are identified that cause an increased flame spread rate in the cylindrical over the flat surface geometry: (1) increased heat
transfer from the gas phase and (2) faster temperature increase of the solid phase. Analytical expressions from approximate
141
solution to a conserved scalar equation are developed for the flame spread rate by simplifying the flowfield using an Oseen
approximation for the opposing flow.
DTIC
Creep Properties; Cylindrical Bodies; Flame Propagation; Heat Transfer; Microgravity

Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Porous Media
Cooper, Gene R; Jul 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-622618.H8099
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Moments that are caused by a payload assumed to be an inviscid liquid flowing in a coning projectile are predicted. This
payload is contained in a uniform sequence of end-to-end cylinders stacked in columns along and off the symmetry axis of
the projectile. A theoretical model is used to analyze inertial waves passing through the liquid, which are generated by the
coning motion. This analysis continues by considering a single column along the projectile symmetry axis, which is filled with
an inviscid fluid saturating porous media. Eigen frequencies and their impact on liquid moments are discussed concerning the
flight stability of the projectile for a wide range of payload configurations and porosities when the projectile is subjected to
various coning frequencies.
DTIC
Conical Bodies; Liquid Filled Shells; Payloads; Porosity; Projectiles
20060048755 Duke Univ., Durham, NC USA

Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turbomachinery Airfoils
Kielb, Robert E; Hall, Kenneth C; Spiker, Meredith; Thomas, Jeffrey P; Pratt, Jr , Edmund T; Jeffries, Rhett; Mar 2006;
Hardcopy
The goal of this research was to develop a fast computational method to be able to understand non-synchronous vibrations
in turbomachinery blades in the design stage. The numerical approach involved the use of a two- and three-dimensional
nonlinear Navier- Stokes unsteady harmonic balance method. As an initial demonstration of the method, the flow over a
cylinder and a two dimensional airfoil, the 2D C1 case, were investigated and results showed good agreement. For the 3D C1
case and a running tip clearance of 0.020 in., two irrational frequencies were present in the solution so the current HB method
could not be used.
DTIC
Airfoils; Turbomachinery; Vibration
20060048764 Army Natick Soldier Center, Natick, MA USA

Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the Next Generation Airlocks
Gaffney, Matthew; Nov 19, 2003; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
These briefing charts discuss SolidWorks and CFD benefits, airlock effort abstract, mobile platform airlock background,
airlock redesign, airlocak redesign comparison, fixed-site airlock overview, MILVAN Airlocks, MILVAN Airlock benefits, etc.
DTIC
Air Locks; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Design Analysis
20060048943 Geological Survey, Reston, VA USA

Simulation of Selected Ground-Water Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia
Cherry, Gregory S; May 16, 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453724; USGS-OFR-2006-1148; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A regional MODFLOW ground-water flow model of parts of coastal Georgia, Florida, and South Carolina was used to
evaluate the effects of current and hypothetical groundwater withdrawal, and the relative effects of pumping in specific areas
142
on ground-water flow in the Upper Floridan aquifer near Fort Stewart and Hunter Army Airfield (HAAF), coastal Georgia.
Simulation results for four steady-state pumping scenarios were compared to each other and to a Base Case condition. The
Base Case represents year 2000 pumping rates throughout the model area, with the exception that permitted annual average
pumping rates for the year 2005 were used for 26 production wells at Fort Stewart and HAAF. The four pumping scenarios
focused on pumping increases at HAAF resulting from projected future demands and additional personnel stationed at the
facility and on reductions in pumping at Fort Stewart. Scenarios A and B simulate 1- and 2-million-gallon-per day (Mgal/d)
increases, respectively, at HAAF. Simulated water-level change maps for these scenarios indicate an area of influence that
extends into parts of Bryan, Bulloch, Chatham, Effingham, and Liberty Counties, Ga., and Beaufort and Jasper Counties, S.C.,
with maximum drawdowns from 0.5 to 4 feet (ft) for scenario A and 1 to 8 ft for Scenario B. For scenarios C and D, increases
in pumping at HAAF were offset by decreases in pumping at Fort Stewart. Scenario C represents a 1-Mgal/d increase at HAAF
and a 1-Mgal/d decrease at Fort Stewart; simulated water-level changes range from 0.4 to 4 ft. Scenario D represents a
2-Mgal/d increase at HAAF and 2-Mgal/d decrease at Fort Stewart; simulated water-level changes range from 0.04 to 8 ft.
The simulated water-level changes indicate an area of influence that extends into parts of Bryan, Bulloch, Chatham,
Effingham, Liberty, and McIntosh Counties, Ga., and Jasper and Beaufort Counties, S.C.
DTIC
Ground Water; Military Air Facilities; Simulation; Water Flow
20060049150 Lockheed Martin Space Systems Co., Denver, CO, USA

Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Fluid Management
Sakla, Steven; Kutter, Bernard; Wall, John; September 2006; 13 pp.; In English; 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint
Propulsion Conference & Exhibit, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNC05QA89P; WBS 492994.05.01.01.03.02
Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2006-214410; AIAA Paper 2006-4603; E-15689; No Copyright; ONLINE:
Future missions such as NASA s space exploration vision and DOD satellite servicing will require significant increases
in the understanding and knowledge of space based cryogenic fluid management (CFM), including the transfer and storage
of cryogenic fluids. Existing CFM capabilities are based on flight of upper stage cryogenic vehicles, scientific dewars, a few
dedicated flight demonstrations and ground testing. This current capability is inadequate to support development of the CEV
cryogenic propulsion system, other aspects of robust space exploration or the refueling of satellite cryo propulsion systems
with reasonable risk. In addition, these technologies can provide significant performance increases for missions beyond
low-earth orbit to enable manned missions to the Moon and beyond. The Centaur upper-stage vehicle can provide a low cost
test platform for performing numerous flight demonstrations of the full breadth of required CFM technologies to support CEV
development. These flight demonstrations can be performed as secondary mission objectives using excess LH2 and/or LO2
from the main vehicle propellant tanks following primary spacecraft separation at minimal cost and risk.
Author
Centaur Launch Vehicle; Cryogenics; Cryogenic Fluids; Fluid Management; Space Exploration; Liquid Hydrogen
20060049226 Army Research Lab., White Sands Missile Range, NM USA

White Sands Missile Range Urban Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single Building Part 1: Background and
Overview
Vaucher, Gail; Jul 2006; 50 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453947; ARL-TR-3851-PT-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453947;
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) serves the Army Soldier by providing research tools and resources. The
atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), an area which begins at the surface and extends vertically to 1-2 km above ground level,
is one of the ARL research areas. The lowest 10% of the ABL (a.k.a., surface layer) is the primary work environment for an
Army Soldier. Characterizing this atmospheric surface layer was the focus of five field studies conducted between fiscal years
2001 2005 at White Sands Missile Range, NM. This report summarizes the surface layer research beginning with the rural
environment studies and progressing into the subsequent urban setting. Appendices provide outlines and templates for
conducting field research based on these successful field research studies. While this report provides an overview of these
scientific investigations, it also serves as foundational material for reports documenting the Surface Layer and Urban Study
research results in greater detail.
DTIC
Buildings; Flow; Flow Stability; Missile Ranges; Stability
143
Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering System
Miceli, David S; Jun 2006; 138 pp.; In English
Research was conducted on the flow field exiting a co-annular flow nozzle for use in filtered Rayleigh scattering flow
visualizations. More specifically, the flow visualizations were of the flow field exiting a coflow nozzle and illuminated by a
tunable, nominal 4.2 watt narrow line width Argon laser operating at 514.5nm. ND:YAG lasers are typically used in this
application, but some of the properties of a tunable Argon laser make it an attractive alternative. Before generating flow
visualizations, the coflow nozzle was characterized both experimentally and computationally. Due to a flow asymmetry in the
outer annulus flow field, the nozzle was redesigned using a commercially available computational fluid dynamics program
(Fluent) to produce a more homogeneous exit plane velocity profile. The redesigned nozzle was built and experimentally tested
through the use of a three dimensional traverse controlled Pitot probe resulting in good relationship between the computational
and experimental results. The sharp cutoff molecular iodine filters used to reduce the incident frequency light were tested and
the locations of their iodine absorption transitions were determined. Finally, the argon laser was used to produce flow
visualizations at both 100 Hz and 1 kHz frame rates.
DTIC
Argon Lasers; Flow Distribution; Flow Visualization; Rayleigh Scattering
20060049301 CH2M/Hill, Inc., Kaiserslautern, Germany

Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Azores, Portugal
Schaller, Joerg; Feb 2005; 216 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-03-D-8595; Proj-MNQA-02-6009
Includes discussion of geology, hydrogeology, contaminants, and groundwater flow directions at Lajes Air Base located
in the Azores Islands of Portugal.
DTIC
Azores; Ground Water; Hydrogeology; Islands; Portugal
20060049308 Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, CA USA

Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mating Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding
Research Program)
Eutizzi, Nick F; Aug 1988; 17 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
A pressure chamber was designed and manufactured in two parts which were clamped together at their flanges using a
clamping ring and an ‘0’ ring seal was used for sealing he gap between the mating surfaces. The clamping ring held the two
flanges together while the chamber was pressurized with mixed gas.
DTIC
Bonding; Manufacturing; Marine Technology; Sealing; Ships

Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Through Nonaxisymmetric Hoppers
Gremaud, Pierre A; Matthews, John V; Schaeffer, David G; Jan 2002; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0188; NSF-DMS98-18900
See report.
DTIC
Granular Materials; Hoppers; Materials Handling; Secondary Flow
144
Efficient Steady-State Solution Techniques for Variably Saturated Groundwater Flow
Farthing, Matthew W; Kees, Christopher E; Coffey, Todd S; Kelley, C T; Miller, Cass T; Oct 30, 2002; 48 pp.; In English;
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0391; NSF-DMS00-70641
Hardcopy
Ground Water; Hydrology; Steady State

Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Magnetorheological Fluids
Ly, H V; Reitich, F; Jolly, M R; Banks, H T; Ito, Kazi; Feb 3, 1999; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
See report.
DTIC
Magnetorheological Fluids; Simulation
20060049580
Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module for Rocket Engine and Propulsion System Simulations
Campell, Bryan T; Davis, Roger L; Jun 14, 2006; 12 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA9300-04-C-0008; Proj-5026
A new quasi-two-dimensional procedure is presented for the transient solution of real-fluid flows in lines and volumes
including heat transfer effects. The solver is targeted to the commercial dynamic simulation software package
Simulink(Registered) for integration into a larger suite of modules developed for simulating rocket engines and propulsion
systems. A Fortran95 code using more conventional solution procedures is being developed in parallel to provide verification
test cases. The solution procedure for both codes is coupled with a state-of-the-art real-fluids property database so that both
compressible and incompressible fluids may be considered using the same procedure. The numerical techniques used in this
procedure are described. Test cases modeling transient flow of nitrogen, water, and hydrogen are presented to demonstrate the
capability of the current technique.
DTIC
Fluid Flow; FORTRAN; Propulsion; Rocket Engines; Simulation; Unsteady Flow
20060049581
Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle
Davis, Roger L; Bulman, Melvin J; Yam, Clement; May 30, 2006; 11 pp.; In English
Numerical results are presented from a reacting-flow Navier-Stokes simulation of a rocket nozzle in which fuel is injected
downstream of the nozzle throat for the purposes of augmenting the thrust. The numerical results are compared with
experimental data in terms of overall thrust and specific impulse as well as pressure distribution along the nozzle wall. The
flow physics associated with the thrust augmentation is also described. The investigation shows that propellant injection
downstream of the throat is a viable method for augmenting rocket thrust. In addition, the augmented thrust levels increase
with increasing levels of injected mass flow. Finally, the investigation shows that the numerical predictions are in good
agreement with the experimental results.
DTIC
Navier-Stokes Equation; Numerical Analysis; Rocket Engines; Rocket Nozzles; Thrust Augmentation
145
20060049692 ERC International, Inc., San Diego, CA USA
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Reynolds Number Channel Flows
Gimelsheim, N; Duncan, J; Lilly, T; Gimelshein, S; Ketsdever, A; Wysong, I; Jun 12, 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Rarefied helium and nitrogen flow expanding into vacuum through 150 micrometers high and 1.5 cm long channels is
studied experimentally and numerically with the DSMC method. Different types of channel walls are examined, both polished
and rough with well characterized roughness shaped as triangles and rectangles. The pressure varies from 200 to 13,000 Pa,
with the gas mean free path being both much larger and much smaller than the roughness size of about 20 micrometers. A
conical surface roughness model applicable for the DSMC method is proposed. An expression relating this model to the
Cercignani-Lampis scattering model is derived. Good agreement between the numerical and experimental results is observed
for the rough walled channel.
DTIC
Channel Flow; Flow Velocity; Low Reynolds Number; Rarefied Gases; Reynolds Number; Surface Roughness; Surface
Roughness Effects
20060049694 Pittsburgh Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA

Filtered Mass Density Function for Subgrid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffusion Flames
Givi, P; Sheikhi, M R; Drozda, T G; Madnia, C K; Aug 27, 2005; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This research was primarily concentrated on the following issues: (1) development of the joint velocity-scalar filtered
density function for subgrid scale (SGS) closure of turbulent combustion; and (2) implementation of the scalar filtered density
function for large eddy simulation of complex turbulent flames. An extensive systematic study was performed and resulted in
significant new findings. With regard to (1), a modelled transport equation was developed and solved for the joint density
function. The predicted results via this model were more accurate than other existing SGS models. With regard to (2), the
model was employed for prediction of a piloted jet diffusion flame and a bluff-body stabilized flame. The predicted results
compared very well with experimental data.
DTIC
Combustion; Diffusion Flames; Flames; Large Eddy Simulation; Turbulence; Turbulent Combustion; Turbulent Diffusion

Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study
Liaw, Der-Cherng; Adomaitis, Raymond A; Abed, Eyad H; Mar 1991; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; NSF-CDR-88-03012
This paper presents the analysis of the dynamics of a representative axial flow compressor model emphasizing the
influence of two important control parameters. These are a nondimensional parameter B (previously introduced by Greitzer
(1976) as a primary determinant of post-stall behavior) and the setting of the throttle line. Greitzer’s lumped-parameter model
is employed in this study, with a specific choice of compressor and throttle characteristics. Our analysis shows the presence
of a rich variety of global as well as local bifurcations as the two control parameters are varied. The analysis leads to a
characterization of compressor operation into three major zones: the stalled zone the pre-stall zone, and the normal (unstalled)
zone. Simulation results demonstrate the qualitatively different dynamical behaviors within each regime of parameter space.
DTIC
Axial Flow; Nonlinearity; Turbocompressors; Unsteady Flow

Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying Supercritical Flow
Stockstill, Richard L; Jul 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454871; ERDC/CHL TR-06-5; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This is a review of the Hydrologic Criteria and Drainage Design Manual (Clark County Regional Flood Control District
1999) of the Clark County Regional Flood Control District (CCRFCD). Areas of needed research relative to channels
conveying supercritical flow and corresponding channel appurtenances have been identified. The extension of features
146
common to supercritical channel flow is presented. A case is made that extension of hydraulic design guidance of supercritical
confluences (trapezoidal channels and laterals from storm drains), extensions to bridge piers, and access ramps for trapezoidal
channels is needed.
DTIC
Flood Control; Hydraulics; Supercritical Flow
20060049777 Naval Research Lab., Stennis Space Center, MS USA

Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation
Reed, Allen H; Boudreau, Bernard P; Algar, Chris; Furukawa, Yoko; Jul 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454883; NRL/PP/7430-05-5; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Free gas in surficial sediments commonly forms gas bubbles that attenuate and dampen acoustic waves, influence slope
stability, and contribute to greenhouse gas concentrations. Therefore, determining the mechanisms that control bubble shape,
size, growth, and migration is important to acoustic sediment characterization and other disciplines. Previously, gas bubble
shape, size, and distribution was quantified using ‘low-resolution’ (~500 micron) medical computed tomography (CT).
Recently, ‘high-resolution’ (to \h25 micron) x-ray micro-computed tomography (XMCT) was used to evaluate gas bubbles in
mud; reconstituted in the laboratory, collected near the Mississippi River (MR) mouth, and collected from Cole Harbor (CH),
Nova Scotia. In the reconstituted mud (mixture of kaolinite clay, bay mud, and sucrose), gas bubbles formed spheroids
[surface-area ratio (SAR) of ~.01] with equivalent-bubble radii \g30 microns. In several MR cores, gas bubbles formed as
vertically oriented oblate spheroids with SARs of ~1.6 (5:1 ratio of length to width), yet in other MR cores, gas bubbles formed
elongated fractures that spanned the core width, consequently, a SAR could not be accurately determined. In the CH mud, a
gas bubble formed as an oblate spheroid (i.e., coin-shape) with a SAR of ~5.0 (30:1 ratio of length to width) as air was injected
incrementally through a capillary tube. It appears that bubble shape (i.e., SAR) and orientation are correlated with sediment
physical properties and localized heterogeneity. XMCT images show that gas bubbles grow by fracture mechanics rather than
by elastic expansion of the sediments. The images also show that the bubbles exist at sizes that are not resolvable with medical
CT and often grow with the principal axis oriented vertically. XMCT has enabled the characterization of gas bubbles that are
significantly smaller than those evaluated previously, thus furthering our mechanistic understanding of gas bubble formation
and growth.
DTIC
Acoustic Attenuation; Bubbles; Computer Aided Tomography; Gases; Morphology; Mud; Tomography; X Rays

Progress in the Development of a Multiphase Turbulent Model of the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Ammunition
Primer
Schmidt, John R; Nusca, Michael J; Aug 2006; 44 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD17-03-C-0070
There is significant experimental evidence that burning particles of various chemical compositions and sizes are ejected
from gun primers and that these particles interact with the propellant grains during main charge ignition. This explicit ignition
phenomenon is thought to be incompatible with the implicit treatment of primer function in conventional interior ballistics
codes and models. Generally, the primer efflux is treated as a hot gas that evolves from a specified region in the model’s
representation of the gun chamber (usually along the chamber centerline and near the breech). What amounts to an igniter table
is arrived at by experimental means and by careful calibration of the interior ballistics simulation using gun firing data. With
the advent of multidimensional, multiphase interior ballistics codes which employ coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian schemes to
explicitly treat both the gas and solid phase, the time is ripe for a primer model that is commensurate with the availability of
such an interior ballistics model. Progress in the development of a primer model that is compatible with the ARL-NGEN3
interior ballistics code and small-caliber weapons is described herein. The model is based on the One Dimensional Turbulence
modeling approach that has recently emerged as a powerful tool in multiphase simulations. Initial results are shown for the
model run as a stand-alone code and are compared to recent experiments with small-caliber primers.
DTIC
Ammunition; Gas Flow; Guns (Ordnance); Interior Ballistics; Progress; Turbulence; Turbulent Flow
147
Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Compressors: A Parametric Study
Adomaitis, Raymond A; Liaw, Der-Cherng; Abed, Eyad H; Jan 1992; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; ECS-86-57561
Analysis of the post-instability dynamical behavior of an axial-flow compression system model is carried out in a
bifurcation-theoretic setting. Using global analysis techniques, we uncover the sequence of bifurcations in parameter space
which allows us to rigorously determine whether the compressor stalls or surges when the throttle is slowly closed beyond
the instability margin. Using these computational techniques, we also determine the conditions under which stalled and/or
surging flow solutions coexist with the desired uniform-flow operating point and quantify the perturbations which destabilize
this operating point.
DTIC
Axial Flow; Nonlinearity; Turbocompressors; Unsteady Flow

Active Control of Compressor Stall inception: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Approach
Liaw, Der-Cherng; Abed, Eyad H; May 31, 1994; 22 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-93-1-0186; AFOSR-90-0015
Report No.(s): AD-A454961; ISR-TR-92-78-R2; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Active control of the onset of stall instabilities in axial flow compressors is pursued using bifurcation analysis of a
dynamical model proposed by Moore and Greitzer (1983). This model consists of three ordinary differential equations with
state variables being the mass flow rate, pressure rise, and the amplitude of the first harmonic mode of the asymmetric
component of the flow, The model is found to exhibit a stationary (pitchfork) bifurcation at the inception of stall, resulting in
hysteresis. Using the throttle opening as a control, analysis of the linearized system at stall shows that the critical mode (zero
eigenvalue) is unaffected by linear feedback. Hence, nonlinear tools must be used to achieve stabilization. A quadratic
feedback control law using measurement of asymmetric dynamics is proposed which stabilizes the bifurcation and eliminates
the undesirable hysteretic behavior.
DTIC
Active Control; Compressors; Rotating Stalls; Turbocompressors; Unsteady Flow

SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Program
Robinson, Jeffrey S.; Martin, John G.; [2006]; 15 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and
Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations
A03, Hardcopy
NASA s highly successful Hyper-X program demonstrated numerous hypersonic air-breathing vehicle related
technologies including scramjet performance, advanced materials and hot structures, GN&C, and integrated vehicle
performance resulting in, for the first time ever, acceleration of a vehicle powered by a scramjet engine. The Systems Analysis
and Concepts Directorate (SACD) at NASA s Langley Research Center played a major role in the integrated team providing
critical support, analysis, and leadership to the Hyper-X Program throughout the program s entire life and were key to its
ultimate success. Engineers in SACD s Vehicle Analysis Branch (VAB) were involved in all stages and aspects of the program,
from conceptual design prior to contract award, through preliminary design and hardware development, and in to, during, and
after each of the three flights. Working closely with other engineers at Langley and Dryden, as well as industry partners,
roughly 20 members of SACD were involved throughout the evolution of the Hyper-X program in nearly all disciplines,
including lead roles in several areas. Engineers from VAB led the aerodynamic database development, the propulsion database
development, and the stage separation analysis and database development effort. Others played major roles in structures,
aerothermal, GN&C, trajectory analysis and flight simulation, as well as providing CFD support for aerodynamic, propulsion,
and aerothermal analysis.
Author
Computational Fluid Dynamics; Hypersonic Vehicles; NASA Space Programs; Systems Analysis; Structural Engineering
148
35
INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
Includes remote sensors; measuring instruments and gages; detectors; cameras and photographic supplies; and holography. For aerial
photography see 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing. For related information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation;
and 19 Spacecraft Instrumentation and Astrionics.
20060048681 Mission Research Corp., Dayton, OH USA

Frequency Selective Materials for Control of Radiated Emissions and Interference Suppression, Phase 2
Munk, Peter; Beyerle, Peter; Michalk, David; Apr 2006; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTRA01-00-C-0121
Report No.(s): AD-A453311; MRC-R-DN-3-008; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453311; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A frequency selective surface was applied to a radome mounted inside the aerodynamic radome of a host vehicle. This
inner radome then provided very little attenuation to electromagnetic signals in a narrow band and a specific polarization, but
effectively blocked signals outside the band or in the cross polarization. Measured results were nearly identical to theoretical
predictions.
DTIC
Circuits; Electromagnetic Radiation; Frequency Control; Radomes

Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measurements of a Dismount With Rocket-Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at
Ka-Band
Stratton, Suzanne R; Bender, Robert L; Jul 2006; 56 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The U.S. Army Research Laboratory’s (ARL’s) Radio Frequency and Electronics Division sponsored and conducted a
series of measurements to characterize the millimeter wave (MMW) signatures of one Soldier carrying a rocket-propelled
grenade (RPG) launcher with grenade at 34 GHz over three depression angles and for three different body postures: prone,
kneeling, and standing. The measurements were taken by ARL at its outdoor signature research facility at Aberdeen Proving
Ground, MD, on 6 through 18 August 2003. A statistical summary of the measurements is presented in this report, along with
a full set of radar cross section (RCS) plots of the measurements for four linear polarization combinations. Measurements of
the Soldier holding an RPG launcher show that the mean RCS of the target decreases with decreasing body profile over all
depression angles. The mean RCS does not depend on launcher angle or depression angle in most cases. The co-polarized
means are much more sensitive than the cross-polarized terms to changes in body posture and launcher angle. The RPG
launcher contributes the largest component to the signature.
DTIC
Extremely High Frequencies; Grenades; Launchers; Radar Cross Sections; Radar Measurement; Rocket Launchers

Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Test
Carstens, Christian B; Bonnett, Charles C; Redden, Elizabeth S; Aug 2006; 167 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-62716AH70
Hardcopy
This study was conducted to evaluate a prototype enhanced night vision goggle (ENVG) that combines thermal and image
intensification (I2) capabilities. Two infantry squads acted as participants. Soldiers were trained to use the ENVG and they
received familiarization training on a baseline I2 device (AN/PVS-14). The exercises included woodland individual movement
techniques (IMT) course trials; military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) target detection trials; land navigation exercises;
MOUT defensive and offensive exercises; night rifle qualification course exercises; ambush and patrol exercises; and human
factors compatibility exercises. The experiment was conducted in May and June 2004, during hours of darkness, at various
sites in Fort Benning, Georgia. Results indicated that the fused night vision device (NVD) enhanced the capability to detect
heat-emitting targets, especially through obscurants, without interfering with movement through woodland, open fields, and
urban terrain. Fusion diminished the negative impact on target detection and engagement when smoke was introduced. In the
woodland environment, fusion did not interfere with IMT times and did increase the range at which thermal and human targets
149
were detected. Deep shadows, camouflage, and smoke did not mask targets when the thermal overlay was used. In the MOUT
setting, fusion technology provided significantly better target detection capability than was provided by the I2 baseline. When
used in the fusion mode, the ENVG device was compatible with the AN/PAQ-4C and AN/PEQ-2 laser aiming devices. Fusion
capability did not, however, enhance firing accuracy for heat-emitting targets on the night qualification range. Limitations in
the configuration, mount design, system controls, and visual characteristics of the fused NVD were identified and discussed.
DTIC
Detection; Enhanced Vision; Goggles; Military Operations; Night Vision; Target Acquisition; Visual Perception

Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Border Patrol
Nunez-Neto, Blas; May 10, 2005; 40 pp.; In English
The USA Border Patrol (USBP) has a long and storied history as the nation’s first line of defense against unauthorized
migration. Today, the USBP’s primary mission is to detect and prevent the entry of terrorists, weapons of mass destruction,
and illegal aliens into the country, and to interdict drug smugglers and other criminals along the border. The Homeland
Security Act of 2002 dissolved the Immigration and Naturalization Service and placed the USBP within the Department of
Homeland Security (DHS). During the last decade, the USBP has seen its budget and manpower more than triple. This
expansion was the direct result of Congressional concerns about illegal immigration and the agency’s adoption of ‘Prevention
Through Deterrence’ as its chief operational strategy in 1994. The strategy called for placing USBP resources and manpower
directly at the areas of greatest illegal immigration to detect, deter, and apprehend aliens attempting to cross the border
between official points of entry. Post 9/11, the USBP refocused its strategy on preventing the entry of terrorists and weapons
of mass destruction, as laid out in its recently released National Strategy. There are significant geographic, political, and
immigration-related differences between the Northern border with Canada and the Southwest border with Mexico.
Accordingly, the USBP deploys a different mix of personnel and resources along the two borders. Some issues for Congress
to consider could include the slow rate of integration between the USBP’s biometric database of illegal aliens and the Federal
Bureau of Investigation’s (FBI) biometric database of criminals and terrorists; the number of unauthorized aliens who die
attempting to enter the country each year; the organized human smuggling rings that have proliferated as entering the country
has become more difficult; and the threat posed by terrorists along the sparsely defended Northern border as well as the more
porous Southwest border.
DTIC
Patrols; Security; United States
20060048950 NVE Corp., Eden Prairie, MN USA

Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Precision Measurement and Detection
Smith, Carl H; Schneider, Robert W; Jun 2003; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Very dense arrays of micron-sized magnetic sensors combined with micron sensor spacing on a single chip can detect very
small magnetic fields with high spatial resolution. These changes in magnetic fields are in the milligauss range, approximately
500 times less than Earth’s field, and are required for magnetic biosensors, nondestructive test/inspection/evaluation, precision
position measurement, document validation and magnetic imaging applications. By using a silicon substrate for the sensor
elements, the signal conditioning and logic capability of integrated circuits can be utilized to reduce size, weight and power
while optimizing system performance when compared to a collection of sensors supplying raw signals to a processor. This
integrated technique, also, reduces the effect of noise and greatly simplifies the sensor/signal processing interface. Applications
of these very dense and sensitive micro-arrays will be discussed during the presentation including its possible implications for
Homeland Security.
DTIC
Measurement; Precision

Storage Radar
Page, R M; Oct 14, 1949; 46 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453808; NRL-3532; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The practical application of Radar to the detection and tracking of surface and airborne targets was demonstrated prior
150
to the 1939 outbreak of World War II. Subsequently the military usefulness of radar was significantly enhanced by an
unprecedented concentration of scientific talent on wartime electronic development. The high operational effectiveness of
radar at war brought forth countermeasures which nullified that effectiveness with varying degrees of success. At war’s end,
although radar still had great value against existing targets, there remained several deficiencies which threatened to reduce to
the vanishing point the military usefulness of radar against the anticipated targets of another war. The findings of the Radar
Panel of the Research and Development Board indicated in 1947 that the anticipated requirements could not be met by the
nominal improvements that result from refinement of existing techniques. Rather the indicated need was for a new approach
which would yield improvement by orders of magnitude. Significant improvement in radar angle error data has been
accomplished through refinement in sequential lobing techniques, and application of monopulse techniques as proposed in an
earlier report.1 Present high-speed lobing and monopulse techniques, together with modern servomechanism developments,
promise sufficiently accurate and smooth angle tracking to meet most anticipated tactical requirements.
DTIC
Radar; Radar Data; Radar Targets; Tracking (Position)

Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumentation Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center
Wrbanek, John D.; Fralick, Gustave C.; September 2006; 18 pp.; In English; 52nd International Instrumentation Symposium,
7-11 May 2006, Cleveland, OH, USA; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 561581.02.01.03.08
A range of thin film sensor technology has been demonstrated enabling measurement of multiple parameters either
individually or in sensor arrays including temperature, strain, heat flux, and flow. Multiple techniques exist for refractory thin
film fabrication, fabrication and integration on complex surfaces and multilayered thin film insulation. Leveraging expertise
in thin films and high temperature materials, investigations for the applications of thin film ceramic sensors has begun. The
current challenges of instrumentation technology are to further develop systems packaging and component testing of
specialized sensors, further develop instrumentation techniques on complex surfaces, improve sensor durability, and to address
needs for extreme temperature applications. The technology research and development ongoing at NASA Glenn for
applications to future launch vehicles, space vehicles, and ground systems is outlined.
Author
Thin Films; Ceramics; Heat Flux; Refractory Materials; Fabrication; Insulation

Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Official Identity Documents
Murovec, Bostjan; Kovacic, Stanislav; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 1-6; In Slovene; See also
The paper describes an algorithm for eye detection in intensity images of human faces for official identity documents. The
purpose of the research is automatic registration of the photograph of the person into the proper field of the identity document.
The input images are acquired by means of a digital photo camera or optical scanner which implies that the person is not
physically present during execution ‘of the algorithm. Therefore, no methods based on the usage of the active infrared light
[8] can be utilized. The research is limited by the decision to work with intensity images exclusively. Therefore, it is not
possible to use fast skin or face detectors [4, 5, 2] based in inspecting the color information of the pixels. There exist face
detectors for intensity images [I] which are significantly slower than their color-aware counterparts. For that reason an attempt
is made to avoid them since one of the goals of the research is that the whole process of eye detection should take less than
one second on an average personal computer in order not to impose a significant delay into the process of making a personal
identity document. The algorithm that is being described is somewhat similar to the algorithms in [3, 7]. The basic idea is to
locate eyes in two steps. First, potential eye candidates are located based on global information of the image. Then many false
candidates which are inevitable are rejected by inspecting intensity patterns in the neighborhood of the candidates. Because
the proposed algorithm does not rely on face detection it is relatively immune to the contents of the background of the image,
which is an advantage compared to the algorithms that require an uniform background for proper execution as is the usual case
with algorithms employing face detectors. As no color information is present in the input image, the described algorithm
executes relatively independently from the skin color of the person in the picture. Still, with the current implementation it is
impossible to detect eyes in photographs of black people since the intensity contrast between the iris and the surrounding of
the eye (skin) is heavily relied on. When dealing with the black skin, such contrast is too small to suffice. The purpose of the
151
algorithm leads to some simplifications compared to general eye detectors. Namely, the suitable image for the official identity
document contains exactly one face and one pair of eyes. Further, the face is placed relatively accurately in the center of the
image and the face occupies the major part of the image.
Author
Eye (Anatomy); Pattern Recognition; Computer Vision; Digital Cameras; Photographs; Pixels; Optical Scanners

Initial Technology Assessment for the Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) System
Kooistra, Scott; Walter, John; Aug 2006; 74 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454235; ECBC-TR-477; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454235; Avail.:
CASI: A04, Hardcopy
The U.S. Army Center for Environmental Health Research (USACEHR), with support from the U.S. Army client
organizations and funding from U.S. Army Science and Technology Objective (STO) IV.ME.2004.03, is developing an
Environmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) system to provide rapid toxicity identification for a broad spectrum of chemicals
in water. A critical initial phase of the STO is to test and evaluate toxicity sensor technologies (also called ESB system
technologies). Because there are a number of potentially feasible technologies that could meet the goals of the ESB program,
a downselect will be performed to evaluate these technologies and select the most promising technologies for further
development as part of an ESB system. The methodology and process to complete the downselect was developed in FYO4
with user representatives and technology experts. Because critical data was not initially available, the fmal ESB system
technology downselection was postponed until the data became available. Tests to generate the needed data will be complete
in FYO5. The fmal ESB system technology downselection, using the methodology and process developed in FYO4, will occur
after the test data becomes available. The methods and processes used in the technology downselection produce repeatable,
defensible, and justifiable investment decisions.
DTIC
Dosage; Lethality; Sentinel System; Technology Assessment; Toxicity

Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere with Millimeter-Wave Radar
Ngo, Mai T; Linde, George J; Cheung, WinJou J; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454248; XB-NRL/MR/5300; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454248;
With the high peak power and large antenna gain of the WARLOC W-band (94 GHz) radar, clear-air radar returns from
the lower atmosphere, which have no visible underlying scattering mechanism, have been observed. Due to their close
resemblance to classical sea spikes from the sea surface scatter, the unknown phenomena are being referred to as air spikes.
In this paper, a brief description of the high power WARLOC radar and preliminary observations of radar returns from air
spikes are presented. Characteristics of air spikes in terms of height distribution, velocity response, volume density
distribution, radar cross section, and spatial extent are discussed.
DTIC
Lower Atmosphere; Millimeter Waves; Radar

Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Radar Signals in the Presence of Noise
Teolis, A; Pati, Y C; Peckerar, M C; Shamma, S; Jan 1989; 57 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF-OIR-85-00108
Report No.(s): AD-A454381; SRC-TR-89-33; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454381; Avail.:
CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Among the numerous problems which arise in the context of radar signal processing is the problem of extraction of
information from a noise corrupted signal. In this application the signal is assumed to be the superposition of outputs from
multiple radar emitters. Associated with the output of each emitter is a unique set of parameters which are in general unknown.
Significant parameters associated with each emitter are (1) the pulse repetition frequencies, (2) the pulse durations (widths)
associated with pulse trains and (3) the pulse amplitudes. A superposition of the outputs of multiple emitters together with
additive noise is observed at the receiver. In this study we consider the problem of decomposing such a noise corrupted lin-
ear combination of emitter outputs into an underlying set of basis signals while also identifying the parameters associated with
152
each of the emitters involved. Foremost among our objectives is to design a system capable of performing this
decomposition/classification in a demanding real-time environment. We present here a system composed of three cascaded
neural-analog networks which, in simulation, has demonstrated an ability to nominally perform the task of decomposition and
classification of superposed radar signals under extremely high noise conditions.
DTIC
Decomposition; Neural Nets; Real Time Operation; Signal Processing; Time Signals
20060049411 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Edinburgh, Australia

Video Moving Target Indication in the Analysts’ Detection Support System
Jones, Ronald; Booth, David M; Redding, Nicholas J; Apr 2006; 52 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454419; DSTO-RR-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454419; Avail.:
CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This report presents a review of a video moving target indication (VMTI) capability implemented in the Analysts’
Detection Support System (ADSS). The VMTI subsystem has been devised for video from moving sensors, in particular, but
not exclusively, airborne urban surveillance video. The paradigm of the moving sensor, which is a typical scenario in defence
applications (e.g., UAV surveillance video), poses some unique
DTIC
Detection; Moving Target Indicators; Surveillance; Targets; Video Signals

Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Detection System Developed by Geophysical Solutions
Bennett, Jr , Hollis H; Fields, Morris P; May 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454563; ERDC/EL-TR-06-6; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454563;
The Multi-Sensor System (MSS) developed by Geophysical Solutions was tested and evaluated in March 2004 at the
unexploded ordnance (UXO) test site and the UXO/countermine test stand located at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and
Development Center (ERDC), Vicksburg, MS. The MSS includes two sensor systems, the Geophex GEM-3-E and Geonics
EM-63, as well as the Gem Systems GSMP-40 magnetometer and the NavCom SF-2050 series rover using the Starfire
differential global positioning system (GPS). The MSS was found to be heavy and extreme in its length, thus making it difficult
to move the MSS along a straight line. The positioning system for the cart lacked expected accuracy. With the GPS positioned
near one of the pivot points, the arc of the other sensors could be moved through without any change in the GPS recording.
Also, the GPS occasionally failed to keep a lock on the differential GPS signal, thus decreasing its accuracy. With the EM-63,
the system did not allow for adequate channels to be saved. The EM-63 induced a large signal in the magnetometer that had
to be removed. The EM-63 and GEM-3-E both produced data with similar results as those obtained from other GEM-3’s and
EM-63’s used by ERDC.
DTIC
Ammunition; Detection; Geophysics; Multisensor Applications; Ordnance

Trainable Videorealistic Speech Animation
Ezzat, Tony; Geiger, Gadi; Poggio, Tomaso; Jan 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
We describe how to create with machine learning techniques a generative, videorealistic, speech animation module. A
human subject is rst recorded using a videocamera as he/she utters a predetermined speech corpus. After processing the corpus
automatically, a visual speech module is learned from the data that is capable of synthesizing the human subject’s mouth
uttering entirely novel utterances that were not recorded in the original video. The synthesized utterance is re-composited onto
a background sequence which contains natural head and eye movement. The nal output is videorealistic in the sense that it
looks like a video camera recording of the subject. At run time, the input to the system can be either real audio sequences or
synthetic audio produced by a text-to-speech system, as long as they have been phonetically aligned. The two key
contributions of this paper are 1) a variant of the multidimensional morphable model (MMM) to synthesize new, previously
unseen mouth con gurations from a small set of mouth image prototypes; and 2) a trajectory synthesis technique based on
153
regularization, which is automatically trained from the recorded video corpus, and which is capable of synthesizing trajectories
in MMM space corresponding to any desired utterance.
DTIC
Modules; Speech Recognition; Vision

Development and Testing of a High-Speed Real-Time Kinematic Precise DGPS Positioning System Between Two
Aircraft
Spinelli, Christopher J; Sep 2006; 483 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454831; AFIT/GCS/ENG/06-12; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This research involves the design, implementation, and testing of a high-speed, real-time kinematic, precise differential
GPS positioning system for use in airborne applications such as automated aerial-refueling and close formation flying.
Although many of the current ambiguity resolution techniques use the residuals from the least squares position estimation to
determine the true ambiguity set, this thesis presents a novel approach to the ambiguity resolution problem, called the
minimum indicator. Instead of assuming the ambiguity set with the lowest residuals is the true set, other special characteristics
of the residuals are examined. This increases the confidence that the algorithm has selected the true ambiguity set. The end
result was the first-ever successful in-flight demonstration of close formation flight, culminating in over 11 hours of close
formation flying with a mean radial spherical error of 3.3 centimeters (0.108 feet). Other areas addressed include: the
difference between ‘pre-fit’ and ‘post-fit’ residuals in the conditional probability calculation, the impact of a simplified
dynamics model on system performance, the effect of widelane observables on the time-to-fix the correct double-difference
ambiguities, and dynamically adjusting the time constant and standard deviation of relative acceleration states in the FOGMA
model.
DTIC
Global Positioning System; High Speed; Kinematics; Positioning; Real Time Operation

Three-Dimensional Change Detection With the Use of an Evidence Grid
Haas, Gary A; Sep 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
In this study, the objective is to find changes in terrain geometry, which are encountered by a patrolling unmanned ground
vehicle (UGV) from one patrol run to another. The UGV is equipped with a streaming imaging ladar (laser radar) that
measures the distance to the nearest surface at an array of points spanning a prism-shaped field of view and with a navigation
system that measures the location of the UGV in a world-fixed coordinate frame. The path followed by the UGV is
approximately the same during each run. We are interested in the ability to detect true changes, to reject false alarms, and the
range relative tothe UGV at which detections occur.
DTIC
Change Detection; Optical Radar

Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantization in Distributed Detection Systems
Chau, Yawgeng A; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1991; 62 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; NSF-CDR-88-03012
Quantization and fusion schemes are derived for multi-sensor correlation in distributed K-sensor systems that are used for
the detection of weak signals or general signal discrimination from dependent observations. The dependence in the
observations across time and sensors is modeled via stationary m-dependent, phi-mixing, or rho-mixing processes. The
observation sequences of the various sensors have identical individual statistics and identical pairwise statistics (symmetric
conditions). Each sensor observation is passed through a memoryless non-linearity or quantizer (the same one for all sensors)
to form the sensor test statistic; the decision statistics of the various sensors are then passed to the fusion center in an
unquantized or binary quantized manner to form the final decision statistic of the fusion center. Based on a common large
sample size for each sensor that is necessary for achieving high-quality performance, an asymptotic analysis is applied for the
error probabilities of the fusion center. This provides design criteria for the optimal memoryless nonlinearity and quantizer.
Optimization of these design criteria yields the optimal nonlinearity or quantizer as solutions to linear integral equations
154
involving the first- and second-order PDFs of the sensor observations describing the individual arid pairwise dependence. The
analytical results obtained are valid for any number of sensors K. Numerical results based on the simulation of the
performance of our schemes with different number of sensors are presented. The performance of the optimal nonlinearities and
quantizers is shown to outperform that of nonlinearities or quantizers obtained by ignoring the dependence in sensor
observations and to improve as the number of sensors increases.
DTIC
Detection; Multisensor Applications; Signal Processing

Analytical Determination of Airborne Radar Response to Extraneous Inputs
White, Charles F; Loughmiller, C M; Dec 18, 1957; 31 pp.; In English
Airborne Radar; Radar Equipment

Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LADAR
Edwards, Lulu; Jersey, Sarah R; Sep 2006; 108 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454916; ERDC/GSL-TR-06-12; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
This report presents a summary of the testing and analyses performed to determine the capabilities of a 3D LADAR (laser
detection and ranging) system developed by Autonomous Solutions, Inc. (ASI). Under the direction of the U.S. Army Engineer
Research and Development Center (ERDC), ASI has developed an algorithm to reduce the 3D point cloud acquired with the
LADAR system into sets of 2D profiles that describe the terrain. This report provides data for (1) evaluating the ranging
sensors that could potentially be used for measuring the geometry of a terrain gap, (2) reviewing results of the validation
testing of the LADAR system, and (3) developing guidance for using LADAR systems to characterize terrain gaps. Validating
the 3D LADAR system included the following tasks: (1) determining the effect of slope and depth of a gap on the
measurements acquired with the LADAR system, (2) determining the effect of ambient light conditions on the measurements
taken with the LADAR system, (3) determining the effect of different surface materials/textures on the measurements taken
with the LADAR system, and (4) determining the effect of fog and dust on the measurements taken with the LADAR system.
The project described in this report is part of the Battlespace Gap Definition and Defeat Army Technology Objective program.
DTIC
Laser Range Finders; Optical Radar
Vision Based Localization in Urban Environments
McHenry, Michael; Cheng, Yang; Matthies, Larry; [2005]; 12 pp.; In English; SPIE Defense and Security Symposium, 28-31
Mar. 2005, Orlando, FL, USA; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39683; Avail.: Other Sources
As part of DARPA’s MARS2020 program, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a vision-based system for
localization in urban environments that requires neither GPS nor active sensors. System hardware consists of a pair of small
FireWire cameras and a standard Pentium-based computer. The inputs to the software system consist of: 1) a crude grid-based
map describing the positions of buildings, 2) an initial estimate of robot location and 3) the video streams produced by each
camera. At each step during the traverse the system: captures new image data, finds image features hypothesized to lie on the
outside of a building, computes the range to those features, determines an estimate of the robot’s motion since the previous
step and combines that data with the map to update a probabilistic representation of the robot’s location. This probabilistic
representation allows the system to simultaneously represent multiple possible locations, For our testing, we have derived the
a priori map manually using non-orthorectified overhead imagery, although this process could be automated. The software
system consists of two primary components. The first is the vision system which uses binocular stereo ranging together with
a set of heuristics to identify features likely to be part of building exteriors and to compute an estimate of the robot’s motion
since the previous step. The resulting visual features and the associated range measurements are software component, a
particle-filter based localization system. This system uses the map and the then fed to the second primary most recent results
from the vision system to update the estimate of the robot’s location. This report summarizes the design of both the hardware
155
and software and will include the results of applying the system to the global localization of a robot over an approximately
half-kilometer traverse across JPL’S Pasadena campus.
Author
Unmanned Ground Vehicles; Robotics; Cameras; Imagery; Rangefinding
20060050179 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, USA

Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for the Polarized Positron Production Experiment
Salnikov, A.; Sep. 2006; 8 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881535; SLAC-PUB-11396; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The proposed experiment E-166 at SLAC is designed to demonstrate the possibility of producing longitudinally polarized
positrons from circularly polarized photons to be used in future Linear Collider. The experimental set-up utilizes a low
emittance 50 GeV electron beam passing through a helical undulator in the Final Focus Test Beam line of the SLAC
accelerator. Circularly polarized photons generated by the electron beam in the undulator hit a target and produce
electron-positron pairs. The purpose of the post-target spectrometer is to select the positron beam and to deliver it to a
polarimeter whilst keeping the positron beam polarization as high as possible. This paper analyzes positron transmission and
polarization in the E-166 spectrometer experiment. The positron transmission has a maximum value of 7% for a positron beam
energy of 5.5 MeV, while positron polarization is approximately 60%.
NTIS
Positrons; Spectrometers; Electron Beams; Beam Steering

A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostrictive Sensors
Dapino, Marcelo J; Calkins, Frederick T; Smith, Ralph C; Flatau, Alison B; Dec 1999; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0180; NSF-CMS94-57288
Hardcopy
See report.
DTIC
Magnetostriction; Mathematical Models
36
LASERS AND MASERS
Includes lasing theory, laser pumping techniques, maser amplifiers, laser materials, and the assessment of laser and maser outputs.
For cases where the application of the laser or maser is emphasized see also the specific category where the application is treated. For
related information see also 76 Solid-State Physics.

Improving Reliability of High Power Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating in Long Pulse Mode
Amzajerdian, Farzin; Meadows, Byron L.; Barnes, Bruce W.; Lockard, George E.; Singh, Upendra N.; Kavaya, Michael J.;
Baker, Nathaniel R.; [2006]; 6 pp.; In English; 6th Annual NASA Earth Science Technology Conference - ESTC 2006, 27-29
Jun. 2006, College Park, MD, USA; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): Paper-B1P1; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Operating high power laser diode arrays in long pulse regime of about 1 msec, which is required for pumping 2-micron
thulium and holmium-based lasers, greatly limits their useful lifetime. This paper describes performance of laser diode arrays
operating in long pulse mode and presents experimental data of the active region temperature and pulse-to-pulse thermal
cycling that are the primary cause of their premature failure and rapid degradation. This paper will then offer a viable approach
for determining the optimum design and operational parameters leading to the maximum attainable lifetime.
Author
Continuous Wave Lasers; Semiconductor Lasers; Reliability Analysis; High Power Lasers; Modes
156
High Brightness from an Unstable Resonator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Postprint)
Ongstad, A P; Dente, G C; Tilton, M L; Chavez, J C; Gianardi, Jr, D M; Jun 13, 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DF297213; Proj-3151
Hardcopy
We describe high-brightness, broad-area mid-IR semiconductor lasers. The optically pumped devices achieved higher
brightness operation as unstable resonators. Each unstable resonator was realized by polishing or etching a diverging
cylindrical mirror at one of the facets. For several mid-IR unstable resonator devices experimental near- and far-fields near
threshold are shown, as well as at many times threshold. For an unstable resonator semiconductor laser operating at 4.6
micrometer and at a high peak power of 6.7 W the device was observed to be nearly diffraction limited 25 times threshold.
In comparison a standard Fabry-Perot laser was observed to be 6 to 8 times diffraction limited when operated under similar
conditions.
DTIC
Brightness; Infrared Radiation; Resonators; Semiconductor Lasers; Semiconductors (Materials)
20060049295 Pennsylvania State Univ., State College, PA USA

The Application of Intelligent Robotic Systems and Lasers for Manufacturing
Watson, Henry E; Aug 1987; 13 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
The R&D programs in Manufacturing Technology at The Pennsylvania State University have a major emphasis on
automation of materials processing and inspection. Two on-going research projects in these areas, that are based on the
application of laser technology are (1) the Laser Articulated Robotic System (LARS), and (2) the Intelligent Robot Inspection
System (IRIS). Both of these projects are supported by the U.S. Navy Manufacturing Technology Program. The paper presents
the background, current status, research results, and future plans for the LARS and IRIS.
DTIC
Computer Aided Manufacturing; Lasers; Manufacturing; Marine Technology; Robotics; Ships
20060049310 Y and S Co., Sofia, Bulgaria

Developing a Methodology for Elaborating a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High Power Laser Diodes
Yankov, Plamen; Jun 2006; 27 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The laser diodes are efficient sources of optical radiation. The maximum optical peak power depends on the pulse duration
of the driving current pulse - reducing the pulse duration the safety peak power is increased. The aim of the study is to
elaborate a methodology to determine the safety operation area of the high power laser diodes designed for CW operation.
Using this methodology, the designer of certain laser devices may exploit the maximum of the laser diode under pulsed
operation. The methodology is based on measuring the dynamic behavior of the junction temperature and the dependence of
the efficiency of the laser action versus the peak current for rectangular pulses with parameter the pulse duration. The
maximum peak current is determined as a 10% walk off from the linearity between peak current / optical peak power for every
pulse duration. The curve (max. peak current) / (pulse duration) is plotted. Knowing the maximum peak current, the repetition
frequency for a given pulse duration may be calculated for a given average power.
DTIC
High Power Lasers; Independent Variables; Pulse Duration; Safety; Semiconductor Lasers

Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Thin Disks
Berry, Patrick A; Schepler, Kenneth L; Feb 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
157
Report No.(s): AD-A454302; AFRL-SN-WP-TP-2006-108; No Copyright; ONLINE:
We used finite element software to model the time dependence of thermal lensing and temperature rise in a Cr2+-doped
zinc selenide thin disk for pulsed pumping. Two cases, chopped cw and Q-switched pumping, were considered. The model
agrees well with experimental results for the chopped pumping case but does not directly agree with Q-switched pumping
because the time delay between absorption and heat transfer to the host material is not accounted for in our model.
DTIC
Doped Crystals; Lasers; Temperature Effects; Thermal Lensing; Time Dependence; Transition Metals; Zinc Selenides
20060049405 L-3 Communications Corp., San Diego, CA USA

Fiber Laser Arrays
Simpson, Thomas B; May 3, 2006; 62 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Experiments have been conducted to investigate the feasibility and scalability of coherent laser output from an array of
fiber lasers with strong intracavity coupling. A flexible, reconfigurable experimental apparatus has been modified and
configured for these investigations. Measurements taken with this apparatus during this program showed that nonlinear optical
interactions in long-cavity, coherently coupled fiber laser arrays do not destroy the high efficiency coherent combining. In fact,
by spreading the output power among many modes, the nonlinear optical interactions offer a path to scaling to very large arrays
of length-mismatched elements. Arrays of 2-5 amplifier elements coupled using the 2 2 fiber couplers were constructed with
emphasis on linear cavity configurations. Stimulated Brillouin Scattering and Cross Mode Coupling are identified as the key
nonlinear interactions and observed distinctly using cavities with a narrow spectral bandwidth. Intracavity etaloning due to
parasitic loss points at FC/APC connectors is identified as a limiting performance feature of the experimental apparatus and
it is recommended that all connectorized couplings be replaced by fusion splices for future work.
DTIC
Fiber Lasers; Laser Arrays

Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Congress
Bolkman, Christopher; Hildreth, Steven A; Aug 18, 2005; 18 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The USA has pursued a variety of ballistic missile defense concepts and programs over the past fifty years. Since the
1970s, some attention has focused on directed energy weapons, such as high-powered lasers for missile defense. Today, the
Airborne Laser (ABL) program is the furthest advanced of these directed energy weapons and remains the subject of some
technical and program debate. The Department of Defense (DOD) has been a strong advocate for the ABL and its predecessor
programs. The Defense Department and most missile defense advocates argue that the ABL, which is designed to shoot down
attacking ballistic missiles within the first few minutes of their launch, is a necessary component of any broader U.S. ballistic
missile defense system. Congress has largely supported the Administration’s ABL program.
DTIC
Airborne Lasers; Lasers

Performance Comparison of Optically Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared Lasers
Ongstad, A P; Kaspi, R; Tilton, M L; Chavez, J R; Dente, G C; Oct 25, 2005; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DF297213; Proj-4866
Report No.(s): AD-A454561; AFRL-DE-PS-JA-2006-1001; No Copyright; ONLINE:
We report a comparative study on the performance of three optically pumped, type-II quantum well lasers with differing
quantum well (QW) confinement. One of the active regions emphasized hole confinement, another emphasized electron
confinement, while the third incorporated both electron and hole confinements. In all cases the wells were inserted in a thick
158
In(sub x)Ga(sub 1-x)As(sub y)Sb(1-y) waveguide/absorber region. The lasing wavelengths at 84 K were 2.26, 3.44, and 2.37
microns, respectively. The maximum peak output powers and differential quantum efficiencies eta at 84 K were similar for the
hole well and W lasers (=13 W, eta=0.55), but significantly reduced in the electron-well-only laser (2.3 W, eta=0.14).
Waveguide loss measurements via the traditional quantum efficiency versus cavity length method and by a Hakki-Paoli
method revealed that all three lasers had low waveguide loss that either increased slowly or not at all with increasing
temperature. However, the laser’s internal efficiency, eta(sub i), showed a linear decline with increasing temperature, with the
eta(sub i) of the electron-well-only laser significantly less than the other two. The data suggest that for antimonide-based
type-II designs, strong hole confinement is essential for improved performance. The data further suggest that it is hole leakage
from the QW and/or hole dilution that is largely responsible for the degradation in laser performance.
DTIC
Lasers; Quantum Well Lasers
20060049677 University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL USA

Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation Technology
Delfyett, Jr, Peter J; Jun 2006; 37 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-05-1-0068; Proj-AWGD
Modelocked semiconductor lasers emit short (\h1 picosecond) optical pulses at high pulse repetition frequencies (\g1
GHz) and can be utilized for a wide variety of applications, but are typically geared towards time domain applications, e.g.,
optical time division multiplexed optical links, optical sampling, etc. Additionally, the periodic nature of optical pulse
generation from modelocked semi conductor diode lasers also makes these devices ideal candidates for the generation of high
quality optical frequency combs, or multiple wavelengths, in addition to the ultra short temporally stable, high peak intensity
optical pulses that one is accustomed to. Modelocked semiconductor lasers are used to generate a set of phase locked optical
frequencies on a periodic grid. The periodic and phase coherent nature of the optical frequency combs make it possible for
the realization of high performance optical and RF arbitrary waveform synthesis. The resulting optical frequency components
can be used for communication applications relying on direct detection, dense WDM, coherent detection WDM, OTDM, and
OCDMA. This report highlights recent results in the use of optical frequency combs generated from semiconductors for optical
and RF arbitrary waveform generation.
DTIC
Laser Mode Locking; Semiconductor Lasers; Waveforms
37
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Includes mechanical devices and equipment; machine elements and processes. For cases where the application of a device or the host
vehicle is emphasized see also the specific category where the application or vehicle is treated. For robotics see 63 Cybernetics,
Artificial Intelligence, and Robotics; and 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.

Optical and Mechanical Properties of Glass Blown In Vacuo
Manning, andrew; Tucker, Dennis; Mooney, Theodore; Herren, Kenneth; Gregory, Don A.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English;
Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Theoretically, the strength of glass processed in vacuum should be higher due to outgassing of contaminants normally
present in the glass, such as bulk water in the form of OH bonds that tends to weaken the glass structure. In this research, small
discs of a few types of glass have been subjected to various temperatures for extended periods of time in vacuum. Their
strength was then tested using a standard flexure technique, facilitated by a custom-designed test fixture, and the results were
compared to glass tested in air using the same fixture. The purpose of the glass blowing investigation was to prove the basic
feasibility of a high-level concept for in-space manufacture of optical elements. The central requirement was that the glass
bubble had to be blown into a support structure such that the bubble could be handled by manipulation of the structure. The
blown bubble attached itself to a mullite ring geometrically and mechanically, as a demonstration in the initial experiments
described here, by expanding through and around it. The vacuum system used was custom made, as were most of the
159
components of the system, such as the heating element, the glass and ring support structure, and the gas inlet system that
provided the pressure needed to blow the glass.
Author
Glass; Mechanical Properties; Optical Properties; Vacuum Systems; Blowing

Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assessment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV)
of the Space Shuttle Main Engine
Wingard, Doug; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; 2006 North American Thermal Analysis Society (NATAS) Conference, 7-9 Aug.
2006, Bowling Green, KY, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
After the rollout of Space Shuttle Discovery in April 2005 in preparation for return-to-flight, there was a failure of the
Orbiter (OV-103) helium signature leak test in the gaseous hydrogen (GH2) system. Leakage was attributed to the Flow
Control Valve (FCV) in Main Engine 3. The FCV determined to be the source of the leak for OV-103 is designated as LV-58.
The nitrile/Buna N rubber O-ring seal was removed from LV-58, and failure analysis indicated radial cracks providing leak
paths in one quadrant. Cracks were eventually found in 6 of 9 FCV O-rings among the three Shuttle Orbiters, though none
were as severe as those for LV-58, OV-103. Testing by EM10 at MSFC on all 9 FCV O- rings included: laser dimensional,
Shore A hardness and properties from a dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) and an Instron tensile machine. The following
test data was obtained on the cracked quadrant of the LV-58, OV-103 O-ring: (1) the estimated compression set was only 9.5%,
compared to none for the rest of the O-ring; (2) Shore A hardness for the O.D. was higher by almost 4 durometer points than
for the rest of the O-ring; and (3) DMA data showed that the storage/elastic modulus E was almost 25% lower than for the
rest of the O-ring. Of the 8 FCV O-rings tested on an Instron, 4 yielded tensile strengths that were below the MIL spec
requirement of 1350 psi-a likely influence of rubber cracking. Comparisons were made between values of modulus determined
by DNA (elastic) and Instron (Young s). Each nitrile/Buna N O-ring used in the FCV conforms to the MIL-P-25732C
specification. A number of such O-rings taken from shelf storage at MSFC and Kennedy Space Center (KSC) were used to
generate a reference curve of DMA glass transition temperature (Tg) vs. shelf storage time ranging from 8 to 26 years. A
similar reference curve of TGA onset temperature (of rubber weight loss) vs. shelf storage time was also generated. The DMA
and TGA data for the used FCV O-rings were compared to the reference curves. Correlations were also made between the
DMA modulus (at 22 C) and Shore A hardness for all 9 of the FCV O-rings used among the three Shuttle Orbiters. The radial
cracking in the FCV O-rings was determined to be due to ozone attack, as nitrile/Buna N rubber is susceptible to such attack.
Nitrile/Buna N material under MIL-P25732C should be used in a hydraulic fluid environment to help protect it from cracking.
However, the FCV O-rings were used in an air only environment. The FCV design has as much as a 9-mil gap that allows
the O.D. of the O-ring to be directly exposed to ozone, pressurized air and some elevated temperatures, accelerating the
weathering process that leads to O-ring cracking. Space Shuttle flights will likely not continue past 2010. Therefore, Shuttle
management decided to continue using the nitrile/Buna N material for the FCVs, but have each O-ring replaced after 3 years
to minimize any chances for crack initiation.
Author
Buna (Trademark); Failure Analysis; Nitriles; O Ring Seals; Hydrogen; Control Valves; Flow Regulators; Space Shuttle Main
Engine
20060048567 NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, FL, USA

Self-Calibrating Pressure Transducer
Lueck, Dale E., Inventor; May 16, 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 17 Jun. 2004; US-Patent-7,043,960; US-Patent-Appl-SN-873997; NASA-Case-KSC-12350; No Copyright;
ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048567; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A self-calibrating pressure transducer is disclosed. The device uses an embedded zirconia membrane which pumps a
determined quantity of oxygen into the device. The associated pressure can be determined, and thus, the transducer pressure
readings can be calibrated. The zirconia membrane obtains oxygen .from the surrounding environment when possible.
Otherwise, an oxygen reservoir or other source is utilized. In another embodiment, a reversible fuel cell assembly is used to
pump oxygen and hydrogen into the system. Since a known amount of gas is pumped across the cell, the pressure produced
can be determined, and thus, the device can be calibrated. An isolation valve system is used to allow the device to be calibrated
in situ. Calibration is optionally automated so that calibration can be continuously monitored. The device is preferably a fully
integrated MEMS device. Since the device can be calibrated without removing it from the process, reductions in costs and
down time are realized.
Calibrating; Pressure Sensors; Mechanical Devices; Mechanical Engineering
160
A Geometric Algorithm for Automated Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manufacturing Multi-Material Objects
Kumar, Malay; Gupta, Satyandra K; Jan 2000; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0416; DMI98-96255
Hardcopy
This paper describes a geometric algorithm for automated design of multi-stage molds for manufacturing multi-material
objects. In multi-stage molding process, the desired multi-material object is produced by carrying out multiple molding
operations in a sequence, adding one material in the target object in each mold-stage. We model multi-material objects as an
assembly of single-material components. Each mold-stage can only add one type of material. Therefore, we need a sequence
of mold-stages such that (1) each mold-stage only adds one single-material component either fully or partially, and (2) the
molding sequence completely produces the desired object. In order to find a feasible mold-stage sequence, our algorithm
decomposes the multi-material object into a number of homogeneous components to find a feasible sequence of homogeneous
components that can be added in sequence to produce the desired multi-material object. Our algorithm starts with the final
object assembly and considers removing one component either completely or partially from the object one-at-a-time such that
it results in the previous state of the object assembly. If the component can be removed from the target object leaving the
previous state of the object assembly a connected solid then we consider such decomposition a valid step in the stage sequence.
This step is recursively repeated on new states of the object assembly, until the object assembly reaches a state where it only
consists of one component. When an object-decomposition has been found that leads to a feasible stage sequence, the gross
mold for each stage is computed and decomposed into two or more pieces to facilitate the molding operation. We expect that
our algorithm will provide the necessary foundations for automating the design of multi-stage molds and therefore will help
in significantly reducing the mold design lead-time for multi-stage molds.
DTIC
Algorithms; Manufacturing

Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bearings
Frechette, Luc G; Jacobson, Stuart A; Breuer, Kenneth S; Ehrich, Fredric F; Ghodssi, Reza; Khanna, Ravi; Wong, Chee W;
Zhang, Xin; Schmidt, Martin A; Epstein, Alan H; Jun 8, 2000; 6 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-95-1-0093; DAAG55-98-1-0365
A single-crystal silicon air turbine supported on gas lubricated bearings has been operated in a controlled and sustained
manner at rotational speeds greater then I nullion rpm and power levels approaching 5 W. The device is a second-generation
version of the microbearing rig first reported by Lin et al. [I], and is the first raicromachine to operate at circumferential tip
speeds of hundreds of meters per second, comparable to conventional scale turbomachinery. To achieve this level of peripheral
speed, microfabricated rotors must withstand large induced stresses, need a sufficient power source to drive them, and require
stable, low friction bearings for support. This paper focuses on process improvements in the niicrobearing device fabrication
and on the advances in operating micro-gas bearings and micro- turbomachinery. The successful operation of this device
motivates the use of this technology for high-power density MEMS.
DTIC
Gas Bearings; High Speed; Turbines

Continued Investigation of Leakage and Power Loss Test Results for Competing Turbine Engine Seals
Delgado, Irebert R.; Proctor, Margaret P.; September 2006; 21 pp.; In English; 42nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit,
9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 561581.02.08.03.04.02
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2006-214420; ARL-MR-0643; AIAA Paper 2006-4754; E-15638; No Copyright; ONLINE:
Secondary seal leakage in jet engine applications results in power losses to the engine cycle. Likewise, seal power loss
in jet engines not only result in efficiency loss but also increase the heat input into the engine resulting in reduced component
lives. Experimental work on labyrinth and annular seals was performed at NASA Glenn Research Center to quantify seal
leakage and power loss at various temperatures, seal pressure differentials, and surface speeds. Data from annular and labyrinth
seals are compared with previous brush and finger seal test results. Data are also compared to literature. Annular and labyrinth
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seal leakage rates are 2 to 3 times greater than brush and finger seal rates. Seal leakage decreases with increasing speed but
increases with increasing test temperature due to thermal expansion mismatch. Also seal power loss increases with surface
speed, seal pressure differential, mass flow rate, and radial clearance. Annular and labyrinth seal power losses were higher than
those of brush or finger seal data. The brush seal power loss was 15 to 30 percent lower than annular and labyrinth seal power
loss.
Author
Labyrinth Seals; Leakage; Turbine Engines; Brush Seals; Mass Flow Rate; Pressure; Thermal Expansion
20060049296 New Orleans Univ., LA USA

Soviet Technique for Estimating Post-Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding (The National Shipbuilding Research
Program)
Birman, V; Latorre, R; Aug 1987; 13 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The hulls of modern ships are almost entirely welded. This makes the prediction of post welded deformations very
important. The number of parameters involved in the process of welding are large so the exact mathematical theory for
prediction of deformations is unavailable. Some researchers have estimated the postwelded deflections based on empirical and
semi-empirical equations. The growing literature on the study of postwelded deflections of hull plates enables the estimation
of these deflections based on the plate geometry and the plate material. The limited number of critical parameters covered by
these experiments makes it difficult to systematically organize the data. This has delayed the introduction of a framework for
estimating the influence on the plate deflection from welding speed, current, number of passes, welding rod size and material,
etc. The approach adopted in the Soviet Union was to develop an integrated framework to include the critical welding
parameters. The main results from this approach were published in several books, with the main reference being a book by
Kuzminov published in 1974. From the standpoint of Ship Production it is useful to understand this Russian approach as well
as to give examples of its use. Therefore this paper: 1 Introduces the Russian procedure for calculation of deflection due to
butt welding; 2 Presents the graphical aids used in this procedure; 3 Presents a worked example using this procedure for a butt
welded plate.
DTIC
Butt Joints; Estimating; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding
20060049297 Deutsch Metal Components, Los Angeles, CA USA

A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Burda, L; Kelley, D; Aug 1987; 17 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
In the past few years. methods of joining pipe together have been introduced to supplement and. in some cases replace,
both the traditional welded and the brazed pipe fitting. It is necessary to examine what is available. and to justify its place and
application in the marine market. This paper intends to examine the Swage Marine Fitting (SMF) and the Heat Recoverable
Coupling (HRC) and, briefly. the Compression and the bite type fittings. we will look at them from economic, performance,
and environment all standpoints. In the case of the SMF and HRC fittings, technical papers on the usage of each fitting and
its constraints have been presented. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate them together and incorporate them into an overall
piping system. In addition. the two primary guides for piping on military ships will be examined. These will be used to place
the SMF and HRC into correct perspective, and to make recommendations for further applications. Comments will also be
offered on the testing method and the results gained. Graphs are provided to illustrate the economic advantage of the SMF
application.
DTIC
Fabrication; Marine Technology; Pipes (Tubes); Ships

Novel Techniques and Their Applications for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Welded Structures (The National
Shipbuilding Research Program)
Masubuchi, Koichi; Luebke, William H; Itoh, Hiroshi; Aug 1987; 16 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
162
Whether or not a certain amount of planar distortion is critical, a point of consistency in the ship fabrication process is
the need to accurately assess an existing degree of distortion in both local and global domains. At the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, three novel measurement devices have been developed as an adjunct to ongoing research. Distortion can now
he evaluated either through laser interferometry, low-power laser beam triangulation, or direct surface contact. In addition to
describing the operation and construction of the devices, their particular applications from a ship production/plate forming
perspective are detailed.
DTIC
Alignment; Distortion; Marine Technology; Ships; Welded Structures; Welding
20060049313 Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, VA USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3:
Measurement of Shipboard Piping Using a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM)
DeFoor, James E; Sep 1992; 11 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
This paper describes available technology for a Portable Coordinate Measuring Machine (PCMM) which can be hand
carried onboard naval vessels. The PCMM can perform measurements in confined spaces throughout a vessel on pipes, tubes
and assemblies, as well as their end fittings and support devices. Al though portable, the PCMM can also be used in a
stationary position for repetitive measurements. fit reduces the chance for leaks and equipment failure due to leaks. Hence,
correct and accurate pipe measurements for pipe bending can reduce rework and cost. Present Measurement Method The
PCMM is composed of four major components: an articulated six-axis digitizing arm, control unit, contact and non- contact
probes, and tube and surface three-dimensional measurement software. The PCMM arm, lightly constructed, duplicates the
articulation and reach of the human arm elements (shoulder, elbow, and wrist). various contact and non-contact measuring
probes attach easily to the wrist of the machine. The following is a brief description of a typical manual method for measuring
pipe aboard a naval vessel by naval shipyard personnel. Although there are many major elements involved in replacement of
shipboard pipe (i.e.. measuring, templating, cutting, end prepping. bending, fitting-up, purging, and welding), this paper deals
only with measurements and how the measurements are used to bend pipe. The PCMM control unit performs all the necessary
mathematical and geometric calculations without the use of external computers or templates. It also contains sufficient data
memory so that the operator is able to measure and Inspect geometric features such as points, lines, planes, arcs, circles,
spheres, and cylinders, as well as defined surfaces along lofting lines, and complex surfaces at coordinate points.
DTIC
Conferences; Marine Technology; Measuring Instruments; Pipes (Tubes); Portable Equipment; Ships

Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Life for Through-the-Arc Welding
System
Howser, Ben; Tanner, Mark; Feb 1988; 29 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
In Phase I of this project, an automatic seam tracking/adaptive control welding system, the M1000, was evaluated and
weld-tested using the high heat, pulsed gas metal arc welding process. Phase I concluded with the finding that thru-the-arc
seam tracking with computer control and adjustment of welding parameters was a viable technology. Potential savings in
welding time would he possible if further development of hardware and computer software were achieved to more fully realize
the potential of the system. Needed improvement in consistency of system response to changing conditions in the weld were
recognized. It was determined that the most efficient utilization of available funds was support of development of weld head
contact tips, which could function over longer periods of continuous welding without need for replacement due to wear. That
objective became the primary focus of Phase II, the results of which are the subject of this report. The work reported involved
the testing of the best identifiable candidate materials for improving contact-tip life. The material that provided the best results
was the Series S, KWMA, Class 3 electrode material. It resulted in continuous running time of 99.8 minutes, significantly
better than the 70 minutes minimum that was targeted. Another finding was that contact-tip life can he improved up to 77%
by using an adaptive welding power supply which automatically compensates for varying contact-tip conditions.
DTIC
Arc Welding; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding
163
20060049375 Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany
Combining Welding Expert Systems With Welding Databases to Improve Shipbuilding Production (The National
Vandetverldt, Hans H; Johnston, Sterling; Jones, Jerald E; White, Dawn; Cleveland, B; Sep 1989; 25 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
Construction of a large ship requires many thousands of feet of welding. Whenever the welding process can be
streamlined or automated, tremendous cost savings can be obtained. The WELDEXCELL system is a WELDing EXpert
manufacturing CELL that provides computerized technical support information, off-line weld planning, and an integrated
welding robot/welding system/vision system controller. The first of two subsystems, the Welding Job Planner (WJP)
accomplishes off-line intelligent weld planning for both automated and manual welding processes. The second subsystem, the
Welding Job Controller (WJC) provides a fully integrated hardware control environment with associated software for
combined control of a welding robot, welding equipment and a robotic vision system. In the WELDEXCELL system, a series
of expert systems and databases have been combined in a new type of computer software environment called a blackboard.
There are as many as 19 separate components of the Welding Job Planner subsystem of WELDEXCELL which fall into five
interrelated functional groups. WELDEXCELL will be used by design engineers, welding engineers, mechanical engineers,
and NDT engineers for both manual welding and to interface to automated and robotic welding systems and vision systems.
WELDEXCELL also includes the control system hardware and software to provide off-line intelligent adaptive control of the
welding process itself. The development of WELDEXCELL is a multi-year effort involving a partnership of government,
industry, university research, and technology transfer. The project has already generated new concepts with potential for future
spin-off benefits. The ultimate payback in productivity will be large for the American welding, fabrication, manufacturing, and
construction industries.
DTIC
Computer Aided Manufacturing; Data Bases; Expert Systems; Marine Technology; Ships; Welding

Automatic Submerged ARC Welding With Metal Power Additions to Increase Productivity and Maintain Quality
Thomas, Phillip D; Craig, L A; Jun 1986; 149 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MA-80-SAC-01041
This paper presents the results of an SP-7 Welding Panel research and development project recently completed by
Newport News Shipbuilding. The focus of this project was directed toward the evaluation, testing, and qualification of
Automatic Submerged Arc Welding (SAW-AU) with metal powder additions for shipyard use. Metal powder additions provide
an increase in deposition rate (pounds of weld metal deposited per hour) without an accompanying increase in heat input
(kilojoules per inch) , and also provides a finer heat affected zone grain structure and narrower heat affected zone than
conventional SAW-AU. Higher deposition rates, when obtained by higher heat input, can degrade the mechanical properties
of the weld and adjacent base metal. Metal powder additions can produce quality welds with lower actual heat input joining
either mild steel or quenched and tempered steel (HY-80) , in substantially reduced time. The project consisted of both carbon
steel and HY-80 test weldments using one-sided, double-bevel, and fillet joint designs at several heat inputs and
powder-to-wire ratios. Nondestructive testing included magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic inspections. Destructive
testing included tensiles, Charpy V-retch impacts, dynamic tear impacts, side bends, hardness surveys, and explosion testing.
It is concluded that controlled metal powder additions are indeed a production concept that can reduce shipbuilding costs
through increased deposition rates and reduced constables costs while, at the same time, maintaining or improving quality.
DTIC
Arc Welding; Marine Technology; Productivity; Ships

Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Castings (The National Shipbuilding
Research Program)
Thomas, Phillip D; Aug 1986; 169 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MA-80-SAC-01041
This paper presents the results of an SP-7 Welding Panel research and development project recently completed by
Newport News Shipbuilding. The focus of this project was directed toward the development, testing and qualification of
164
consumable guide Slectroslag Welding of carbon steel castings from 4 to 24 inches in thickness. Consumable guide Electroslag
Welding is a high deposition rate welding process that is ideally suited for use on thick members. This process has increased
resistance to hot cracking, porosity, and underhead cracking, and results in minimal angular distortion. Joint preparation and
fitup requirements are simplified and result in high quality weld deposits. The project consisted of cast carbon steel
(MIL-S-l5083 Grade B) weldments ranging from 4 to 24 inches thick. Nondestructive testing included magnetic particle and
radiographic inspection. Destructive testing included tensiles, Charpy V-notch impacts, and side bends. It is concluded that the
use of consumable quide Electroslag Welding is an efficient process for joining thick carbon steel castings when postweld heat
treatment can be used to achieve acceptable mechanical properties. Deposition rates of up to 85 lbs/hr can be achieved.
DTIC
Carbon Steels; Castings; Electroslag Welding; Marine Technology; Ships
20060049864 National Renewable Energy Lab., Westerville, OH USA

Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Indoor Environmental Quality and Security
Slayzak, Steven; Blake, Dan; Ryan, Joe; Vinzant, Todd; Nov 19, 2003; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The goal of this work is to produce regenerable CBR filters based on innovative liquid desiccant dehumidifiers.
Regenerable filters are an area of technical need. The proposed concept has the potential to advance the state-of-the-art in CBR
filtration and should, at a minimum, drastically extend the service lives of HEPA/carbon systems. Conceptually, agent
knockdown by electrostatic precipitation (ESP) or sorption addresses the immediate threat, and deactivation occurs over time
in the liquid sump. These next generation air conditioners can use engine heat to regenerate the desiccant, are
mass-manufacturable, lowmaintenance, and proven highly effective. This new conditioner design shows great promise for
widespread use against a broad spectrum of airborne contaminants including CBR agents.
DTIC
Air Conditioning Equipment; Dehumidification; Desiccants; Environmental Quality; Security

Motor Controller System For Large Dynamic Range of Motor Operation
Howard, David E., Inventor; Alhorn, Dean C., Inventor; Smith, Dennis A., Inventor; Dutton, Kenneth R., Inventor; Paulson,
Mitchell Scott, Inventor; July 25, 2006; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 21 May 2004; US-Patent-7,081,730; US-Patent-Appl-SN-857375; NASA-Case-MFS-31529-1; No
A motor controller system uses a rotary sensor with a plurality of signal conditioning units, coupled to the rotary sensor.
Each of these units, which is associated with a particular range of motor output shaft rotation rates, generate a feedback signal
indicative of the position of the motor s output shaft. A controller (i) converts a selected motor output shaft rotation rate to
a corresponding incremental amount of rotational movement for a selected fixed time period, (ii) selects, at periodic
completions of the selected fixed time period, the feedback signal from one of the signal conditioning units for which the
particular range of motor output shaft rotation rates associated therewith encompasses the selected motor output shaft rotation
rate, and (iii) generates a motor drive signal based on a difference between the incremental amount of rotational movement
and the feedback signal from the selected one of the signal conditioning Units.
Shafts (Machine Elements); Controllers; Dynamic Range; Rotating Shafts; Signal Processing

Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Multiplier
Palumbo, Daniel L., Inventor; July 04, 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 17 Sep. 2004; US-Patent-7,071,741; US-Patent-Appl-SN-943825; NASA-Case-LAR-16134-1; No
A method aud system utilize a processor’s digital timer and two interrupts to form a frequency multiplier. The first
internipt’s processing time window is definable by a first uumber of counts C(sub 1), of the digital timer while the second
interrupt’s processing time window is definable by a second number of counts C(sub 2) of the digital timer. A count value CV
utilized by the systedmethod is based on a desired frequency multiplier N(sub 1), the timer clock rate, and the tiole required
for one cycle of an input signal. The first interrupt is triggered upon completion of one cycle ofthe input sigual at which point
the processing time window associated therewith begins. The second interrupt is triggered each time the timer’s overflow
165
signal is generated at which point the processing time window associated with the second interrupt begins. During the
occurrence of the second interrupt’s processing. the count value CV is modified to maintain the first interrupt’s processing time
window approximately centered between two of the second internipt’s processing time windows.
Frequency Multipliers; Phase Locked Systems; Interruption; Pulse Communication

Global Radius of Curvature Estimation and Control System for Segmented Mirrors
Rakoczy, John M., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 6 Aug. 2003; US-Patent-7,050,161; US-Patent-Appl-SN-637085; NASA-Case-MFS-31807-1; No
An apparatus controls positions of plural mirror segments in a segmented mirror with an edge sensor system and a
controller. Current mirror segment edge sensor measurements and edge sensor reference measurements are compared with
calculated edge sensor bias measurements representing a global radius of curvature. Accumulated prior actuator commands
output from an edge sensor control unit are combined with an estimator matrix to form the edge sensor bias measurements.
An optimal control matrix unit then accumulates the plurality of edge sensor error signals calculated by the summation unit
and outputs the corresponding plurality of actuator commands. The plural mirror actuators respond to the actuator commands
by moving respective positions of the mixor segments. A predetermined number of boundary conditions, corresponding to a
plurality of hexagonal mirror locations, are removed to afford mathematical matrix calculation.
Segmented Mirrors; Control Equipment; Curvature; Radii; Estimating
20060050224 Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, OH USA

An Analysis of Weight Change in Filters
Reilly, Matthew; Fultz, George; Gschwender, Lois; Aug 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-02-2-5800;; F33615-00-D-5021; Proj-M06R
Due to recent repeatability problems with the gravimetric analysis procedure used for military conformance testing of
military specification hydraulic fluids, an in-depth investigation was undertaken to evaluate possible sources of error. Many
sources of weight change exist, including particulate and water accumulation from air, buildup of static electricity causing
interference with the metal microbalance pan, and removal of extractables from filters during testing. Various procedures and
filter types were investigated. Results show that the current testing procedures have several key shortcomings, and that the
filters allowed for use in military conformance testing are incapable of delivering the required accuracy. By combining the
application of slightly modified existing procedures with different filter materials, the required accuracy was achieved.
DTIC
Filtration; Quantitative Analysis; Microbalances; Specifications
38
QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY
Includes approaches to, and methods for reliability analysis and control, quality control, inspection, maintainability, and standardization.
20060049991 Politecnico di Turin, Turin, Italy

Quality Education and ‘Quality Papers’
Galetto, F.; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research
(IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 22 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color illustrations;
Attending seminars, Conferences, looking at ‘television lessons’ the author saw many times many people (often
Professors) that did not know the matter they were talking about. Nevertheless they write papers, suggest books to students,
provide lessons, make consultancy. Visiting Companies the author saw many times many Companies lacking Quality of
Management, a huge problem against Quality achievement. To overcome this paramount drawback there is a MUST: Quality
Education on Quality for Managers (particularly future Managers, now Students in Higher Education). For Higher Education
Institutions, this means that professors MUST teach, in a correct and scientific way, Quality ideas on Quality. To be real
Managers, Management need to grow-up their knowledge because experience alone, without theory, teaches nothing what to
166
do to make Quality. For Higher Education Institutions, this means that professors MUST learn Quality ideas on Quality
Management, in a correct and scientific way. In the paper, as already done several times, we present some new cases (out of
the hundreds known to the author) where professors were acting with disquality. Would that be useful?
Author
Education; Conferences; Quality Control
39
STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
Includes structural element design, analysis and testing; dynamic responses of structures; weight analysis; fatigue and other structural
properties; and mechanical and thermal stresses in structures. For applications see 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance; and
18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.

Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of International Space Station Pressure Wall Welds
Allen, Phillip A.; [2006]; 21 pp.; In English; MSFC Technology Expo, 24 Aug. 2006, Huntsville, AL, USA; Original contains
black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048509; Avail.: CASI: A03,
Hardcopy
EM20/MSFC has sponsored technology in the area of advanced damage tolerance analysis tools used to analyze the
International Space Station (ISS) pressure wall welds. The ISS European modules did not receive non-destructive evaluation
(NDE) inspection after proof test. In final assembly configuration, most welds could only be inspected from one side, and some
welds were uninspectible. Therefore, advanced damage tolerance analysis was required to determine the critical initial flaw
sizes and predicted safe life for the pressure wall welds. EM20 sponsored the development of a new finite element tools using
FEA-Crack and WARP3D to solve the problem. This presentation gives a brief overview of the new analytical tools and the
analysis results.
Author
Damage; International Space Station; Welded Joints; Walls; Tolerances (Mechanics)

The Interagency Security Committee and Security Standards for Federal Buildings
Smith, Stephanie; Apr 22, 2005; 7 pp.; In English
The Federal Government owns or leases 3.4 billion square feet of space in 491,465 buildings which may be vulnerable
to acts of terrorism and other forms of violence. The Interagency Security Committee (ISC) was created by Executive Order
12977 in 1995, following the domestic terrorist bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, OK, to
address the quality and effectiveness of physical security requirements for federal facilities. The September 2001 terrorist
attacks on the Pentagon and the World Trade Center renewed concerns about the vulnerability of federal buildings to bombing
or other forms of attack. On February 28, 2003, the chairmanship of the ISC was transferred to the Secretary of Homeland
Security from the Administrator of General Services by Executive Order 13286. In July 2004, based on Homeland Security
Presidential Directive/HSPD-7, the ISC began reviewing federal agencies’ physical security plans to better protect the nation’s
critical infrastructure and key resources. The ISC issued its updated Security Design Criteria on September 29, 2004, which
set forth enhanced physical security requirements for the construction of new federal buildings as well as for major renovations
of existing buildings. This report will be updated to reflect any policy changes in security standards for federal facilities.
DTIC
Buildings; Regulations; Requirements; Security; Terrorism; United States

Homeland Security Grant Formulas: A Comparison of Formula Provisions in S. 21 and H.R. 1544, 109th Congress
Reese, Shawn; May 13, 2005; 22 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453700; CRS-RS-22121; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In FY2005, Congress appropriated $3.6 billion for state and local homeland security assistance programs. These
homeland security assistance programs include the: State Homeland Security Grant Program (SHSGP); Urban Area Security
167
Initiative (UASI); Law Enforcement Terrorism Prevention Program (LETPP); Citizen Corps Programs (CCP); Assistance to
Firefighters (FIRE); and Emergency Management Performance Grants.
DTIC
Buildings; Security

Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Vehicle Structure Concepts for Mass Optimization
Mukhopadhyay, Vivek; [2006]; 13 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization
Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations
A03, Hardcopy
Parametric solid and surface models of the crew exploration vehicle (CEV) command module (CM) structure concepts
are developed for rapid finite element analyses, structural sizing and estimation of optimal structural mass. The effects of the
structural configuration and critical design parameters on the stress distribution are visualized, examined to arrive at an
efficient design. The CM structural components consisted of the outer heat shield, inner pressurized crew cabin, ring bulkhead
and spars. For this study only the internal cabin pressure load case is considered. Component stress, deflection, margins of
safety and mass are used as design goodness criteria. The design scenario is explored by changing the component thickness
parameters and materials until an acceptable design is achieved. Aluminum alloy, titanium alloy and an advanced composite
material properties are considered for the stress analysis and the results are compared as a part of lessons learned and to build
up a structural component sizing knowledge base for the future CEV technology support. This independent structural analysis
and the design scenario based optimization process may also facilitate better CM structural definition and rapid prototyping.
Author
Command Modules; Mathematical Models; Crew Exploration Vehicle; Optimization; Structural Analysis; Mechanical
Properties

Terrorism and its Impact on the Construction Industry
Kosnick, Scott; May 2005; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This paper focuses on the impact that the 9/11 terrorist attacks have had on the U.S. construction industry. The paper
breaks the construction project life cycle down into three phases -- Initiation, Design, and Procurement/Construction -- and
examines the impact the attacks have had on each one. In terms of the Initiation Phase of construction, the attacks have had
an impact on the kinds of projects that are being funded today. For example, the workloads of certain sectors of the
construction industry, such as force protection, have increased exponentially since 9/11. Another impact to this phase is how
contracts are now structured to protect the interests of certain contractual parties. With regard to the Design Phase, the author
reviews changes that are being incorporated into building design to help mitigate the effects of a terrorist attack. Features that
were once considered too costly to incorporate into a design are now being included. Many new projects are including design
modifications to increase the survivability of building residents. Both public and private organizations are feeling the need to
protect their workers. The Procurement/Construction Phase also has seen changes as a result of 9/11. In the Federal
Government there was immediate action to improve the security surrounding federal facilities. The fastest way to accomplish
this was to bypass the more traditional procurement approaches and to instead use procurement strategies that allowed projects
to be fast-tracked, such as design-build. A result of this was a sharp increase in secured construction, which brought about the
need for more contractors to have the capability to perform secured facility construction.
DTIC
Construction; Construction Industry; Design Analysis; Industries; Terrorism
42
GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to the Earth sciences, and the specific areas of petrology, mineralogy, and general geology. For
other specific topics in geosciences see categories 42 through 48.

Fossil Microorganisms in Archaean
Astafleva, Marina; Hoover, Richard; Rozanov, Alexei; Vrevskiy, A.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; SPIE Optics and Photonics
168
Symposium 2006: Instruments Methods and Missions for Astrobiology IX, 13-17 Aug. 2006, San Diego, CA, USA;
Ancient Archean and Proterozoic rocks are the model objects for investigation of rocks comprising astromaterials. The
first of Archean fossil microorganisms from Baltic shield have been reported at the last SPIE Conference in 2005. Since this
confeence biomorphic structures have been revealed in Archean rocks of Karelia. It was determined that there are 3 types of
such bion structures: 1. structures found in situ, in other words microorganisms even-aged with rock matrix, that is real
Archean fossils biomorphic structures, that is to say forms inhabited early formed rocks, and 3. younger than Archean-
Protherozoic minerali microorganisms, that is later contamination. We made attempt to differentiate these 3 types of findings
and tried to understand of burial of microorganisms. The structures belongs (from our point of view) to the first type, or real
Archean, forms were under examination. Practical investigation of ancient microorganisms from Green-Stone-Belt of
Northern Karelia turns to be very perspective. It shows that even in such ancient time as Archean ancient diverse world existed.
Moreover probably such relatively highly organized cyanobacteria and perhaps eukaryotic formes existed in Archean world.
Author
Fossils; Microorganisms; Precambrian Period; Rocks; Geology
43
EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
Includes remote sensing of earth features, phenomena and resources by aircraft, balloon, rocket, and spacecraft; analysis of remote
sensing data and imagery; development of remote sensing products; photogrammetry; and aerial photography. For related
instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography.
20060048736 Maryland Univ., Baltimore, MD USA

A Comparative Study for Orthogonal Subspace Projection and Constrained Energy Minimization
Du, Qian; Ren, Hsuan; Chang, Chein-I; Jun 2003; 6 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
In this letter, we conduct a comparative study and investigate the relationship between two well-known techniques in
hyperspectral image detection and classification: orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) and constrained energy minimization
(CEM). It is shown that they are closely related and essentially equivalent provided that the noise is white with large SNR.
Based on this relationship, the performance of OSP can be improved via data-whitening and noise-whitening processes.
DTIC
Image Processing; Imagery; Optimization
20060048741 North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill, NC USA

Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Porous Media
Miller, C T; Williams, G A; Jan 1998; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DACA39-95-K-0098; DAAL03-92-G-0111
Hardcopy
We extend our recent work on higher-order time integration of Richards equation to layered heterogeneous porous media,
using a differential-algebraic-equation-based method of lines (DAE/MOL) approach. We show that the DAE/MOL approach
is robust and efficient compared to standard low-order time integration methods for heterogeneous media. We also show the
advantage of using an integral representation of permeability compared to a standard arithmetic mean for the test problems
considered herein.
DTIC
Flow; Mathematical Models; Porosity

Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Northeastern Arizona--2004-05
Truini, Margot; Macy, J P; Feb 27, 2006; 52 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453626; OPEN-FILE-REPT-2006-1058; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona.
169
Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population,
and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year. The monitoring program in the Black Mesa area has been operating since
1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and
municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3)
spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, (5) ground-water chemistry, and (6) periodic testing of ground-water withdrawal
meters. In 2004, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,210 acre-feet, industrial withdrawals were 4,370 acre-feet, and
municipal withdrawals were 2,840 acre-feet. From 2003 to 2004, total withdrawals decreased by less than 1 percent, industrial
withdrawals decreased by 2 percent, and municipal withdrawals increased by 2 percent. From 2004 to 2005, annually
measured water levels declined in 6 of 13 wells in the unconfined areas of the aquifer, and the median change was -0.1 foot.
Water levels declined in 8 of 12 wells in the confined area of the aquifer, and the median change was -1.2 feet. From the
prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2005, the median water-level change for 33 wells was -9.0 feet. Median water-level changes
were -0.6 foot for 16 wells in the unconfined areas and -32.0 feet for 17 wells in the confined area.
DTIC
Aquifers; Arizona; Ground Water; Mesas; Surface Water; Water
20060048963 Chiba Univ., Chiba, Japan

The Polar Sea Ice Cover from Aqua/AMSR-E
Nishio, Fumihiko; Comiso, Josefino C; Jul 25, 2005; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Historical satellite data reveal that among the most remarkable manifestations of changes in the polar regions are the
relatively rapid decline of 9 % per decade in the Arctic perennial ice cover and the 7% per decade retreat in the
Bellingshaussen/Amundsen Seas ice cover in the Antarctic. The launch of the Advanced Multichannel Scanning Radiometer
(AMSR-E) on board the EOS-Aqua satellite in 2002 has enabled the study the polar ice cover in greater detail and the
evaluation of the accuracy and consistency of historical satellite data. The AMSR-E system has higher resolution and larger
spectral range thereby providing ability to better assess the spatial distribution of different ice types in the marginal ice zones,
the sizes and characteristics of sensible and latent heat polynyas, and the extent of ridging and divergence within the ice pack.
Comparative analysis reveals that the sea ice data derived from AMSR-E are coherent and consistent with Moderate
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data on board the same satellite, especially when the 5-km resolution 89
GHz data are used. During the periods of overlapping coverage, the AMSR-E data are also shown to provide basically the
same spatial and temporal variability as those from the Special Scanning Microwave Imager (SSM/I) which has been the key
source of sea ice data since 1987. Quantitative comparative studies using AMSR-E and SSM/I data also reveal a clear
indication of the advantage of the former in consistently identifying the 10-15% ice edge and in quantifying the regional and
global sea ice extents. This is reflected in the calculation for the trend in ice extent when AMSR-E data is used instead of
SSM/I data. However, the difference is within error and the estimate for the trend in ice area is in good agreement.
DTIC
Polar Regions; Radiometers; Sea Ice
20060048964 Extremadura Univ., Spain

Automated Selection of Results in Hierarchical Segmentations of Remotely Sensed Hyperspectral Images
Plaza, Antonio J; Tilton, James C; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The hierarchical image segmentation (HSEG) algorithm is a hybrid of hierarchical step-wise optimization and constrained
spectral clustering. Unlike most other segmentation approaches, HSEG produces a hierarchical set of image segmentations.
A single segmentation level can be selected out of the segmentation hierarchy by examining how the features or individual
regions change throughout the different levels of detail. Subsequently, the selection of a single segmentation result for each
region can effectively transform the segmentation hierarchy into a region-adaptive segmentation approach. The above task has
previously been accomplished using supervised and time-consuming procedures. This paper presents a first step towards the
automation of this process, where spatial, spectral and joint spectral/spatial features are used to investigate how regions change
from one hierarchical level to the next for region identification in remotely sensed hyperspectral data sets. Comparative results
are presented using Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data collected over the Salinas Valley in
California.
DTIC
Imagery; Remote Sensing
170
20060049076 Academia Sinica, Lanzhou, China
Encapsulation Application Research of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Environment
Feng, Min; Shang, Qingsheng; Guo, Jianwen; Ge, Yingchun; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English
The GIS and Digital Roadbed System of the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad is developed in the .Net environment and designed
to store and to manage the information along the Qinghai-Tibet railroad which is 1118km long and is constructed in the regions
more than 4000m high Spatial data Management plays a very important role in this GIS, and ArcSDE was selected to
implement the management of mass spatial data. How to connect ArcSDE and exchange vector and raster spatial data in this
system is a key technique. There are three approaches, which are recommended officially, can be used for client to connect
ArcSDE, but none of them can meet the needs of spatial information storage and management in the GIS and Digital Roadbed
System of the Qinghai-Tibet Railroad. This paper explained a solution of encapsulating the ArcSDE Client API for C
programmers into the form of Net managed code with C++ programming language The final program not only provides a
solution to resolve the problem of spatial data management_but also bring forward a flexible interface which followed the
principle of OOP.
DTIC
Data Base Management Systems; Data Management; Digital Systems; Encapsulating; Geographic Information Systems; Rail
Transportation

Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire
Flynn, Robert H; Jan 2006; 66 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454062; OPEN FILE REPORT 2006-1201; No Copyright; ONLINE:
This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Hampshire/Vermont Water Science Center for
scoping of flood-hazard mapping needs for Belknap County, New Hampshire, under Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) Inter-Agency agreement Number HSFE01-05X-0018. FEMA is embarking on a map modernization program
nationwide to: 1. Gather and develop updated data for all flood prone areas in support of flood plain management. 2. Provide
maps and data in a digital format for the improvement in the efficiency and precision of the mapping program. 3. Integrate
FEMA’s community and state partners into the mapping process. One of the priorities for FEMA, Region 1, is to develop
updated Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps (DFIRMs) and Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) for Belknap County, New
Hampshire. The information provided in this report will be used to develop the scope for the first phase of a multi year project
that will ultimately result in the production of new DFIRMs and FIS for the communities and flooding sources in Belknap
County. As of 2006, the average age of the FEMA flood plain maps in Belknap County, New Hampshire is 19.9 years. Most
of these studies were computed in the late 1970s to the late 1980s. However, in the ensuing 20 30 years, development has
occurred in many of the watersheds, and the rivers and streams and their flood plains have changed as a result. In addition,
as development has occurred, peak flooding has increased downstream of the development from increased flows across
impervious surfaces. Therefore, many of the older studies may not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in
terms of flood heights. Belknap County gained 5,222 residents between 2000 and 2005. This represents a growth of 9.3 percent
compared to 6.0 percent for the state as a whole. Belknap County ranks first (from highest to lowest) out of New Hampshire’s
10 counties in terms of rate of population increase.
DTIC
Flood Plains; Hazards; Mapping; New Hampshire; Risk; Rivers
20060049311 Zel Technologies, LLC, Hampton, VA USA

A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Ocean Microwave Radiometry
Raizer, Victor; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Passive microwave emissions from oceanic dispersed media are considered. The spray is modeled by the aggregates of
spherical water droplets, and the foam is represented by a macroscopic system of hollow spherical water shells. Dielectric
properties of foam and scattering-absorption characteristics of spray are incorporated through the boundary reflection
coefficient and the radiative transfer equation. The model provides spectral band-to-band dependencies of the emission in a
wide range of wavelengths from 0.3 to 8 cm for different foam-spray parameters. In particular, spray located over water or
foam surfaces may cause positive as well as negative brightness temperature contrasts (the so-called cooling effect ). At certain
171
conditions, such sign-variable signatures can be registered by a multi-channel microwave radiometer. The modeling is
intended for advanced remote sensing studies including monitoring of high wind situations, determination of air-sea fluxes and
evaporation, detection of two-phase patterns in the oceans, and also for retrieval purposes.
DTIC
Foams; Mathematical Models; Microwave Radiometers; Ocean Surface; Oceans; Sprayers

Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Coastal Inlet Navigation Channels
Whitmeyer, Shelley J; FitzGerald, Duncan; Aug 2006; 33 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454191; ERDC/CHL-CHETN-IV-89; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454191;
Large bed forms, such as dunes or sand waves, can pose a navigation hazard for inlet channels (Pope 2000).
Understanding the conditions causing their formation can be an aid in navigation channel management. This Coastal and
Hydraulics Engineer Technical Note (CHETN) is concerned with large bed forms that chronically or periodically encroach on
the authorized navigation depth. Smaller bed forms have been observed in many (perhaps most) other inlets, but because they
do not hinder navigation, they are not discussed in this CHETN. Navigation channels with reported sand waves include the
Columbia River, WA/OR; East Pass, Panama City, Fort Pierce, and St. Mary’s Entrance, FL; Merrimack River, MA, and
Kennebec River, ME. This technical note discusses the characteristics of the bed forms found in those areas and conditions
responsible for their development.
DTIC
Coasts; Dunes; Navigation; Sands
20060049637 Todd Shipyards Corp., Seattle, WA USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Distributive Systems Models.
Phase 1
Kenefick, John F; Chirillo, L D; Aug 1978; 169 pp.; In English
This project is a natural outgrowth of the Todd/MarAd sponsored project ‘Photogrammetry in Shipbuilding’ which was
very successfully concluded in 1976 with a report bearing the same title. In that earlier work it was demonstrated that
photogrammetry can produce very reliable dimensions of an object from photographs. Five shipyards subsequently contracted
for photogrammetric surveys of large structures, attesting to the productivity of the method. One of the demonstrations
conducted during the earlier project produced an accurate arrangement drawing of steam systems from photographs of a
portion of a machinery space model. Put, it was concluded that it would be more productive to produce dimensions from such
models in digital rather than graphical form. In digital form the dimensional data could be readily manipulated for direct input
to existing or developing computer-aided piping design programs. In substance, photogrammetry was seen as a logical link
between design modeling of distributive systems and computer-aided piping design programs.
DTIC
Marine Technology; Photogrammetry; Ships

Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and Transport During the Last Millennium
Lund, David C; Feb 2006; 254 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): OCE-0096469
Benthic and planktonic foraminiferal delta (exp 18) oxygen (delta(exp 18)Oxygen(sub c) from a suite of well-dated,
high-resolution cores spanning the depth and width of the Straits of Florida indicate Gulf Stream vertical current shear was
anomalously low during the Little Ice Age (LIA: 1200-1850 A.D.). Assuming a constant level of no motion, the foraminiferal
data imply transport was 2-3 Sv lower during the LIA than today. The timing of reduced flow is consistent with cold conditions
in Northern Hemisphere paleoclimate archives, implicating Gulf Stream heat transport in centennial-scale climate variability
of the last 1,000 years. The oxygen isotopic composition of Florida Current surface water ((delta(exp 18)Oxygen (sub w) near
Dry Tortugas increased 0.4%o during the course of the Little Ice Age (LIA: -1200-1850 A.D.), equivalent to a salinity increase
of 0.8-1.5 psu. On the Great Bahama Bank, where surface waters are influenced by the North Atlantic subtropical gyre,
delta(exp 18) oxygen(sub w) increased by 0.3%o during the last 200 years, a 0.4 to 1 psu increase in salinity. The simplest
172
explanation of the delta(exp 18) Oxygen(sub w) data is southward migration of the Atlantic Hadley circulation during the LIA.
Changes in atmospheric 14C paralleled shifts in Dry Tortugas delta(exp 18) Oxygen(sub w), suggesting that variable solar
irradiance paced centennial-scale Hadley cell migration and changes in Florida Current salinity.
DTIC
Gulf Stream; Paleoclimatology; Salinity

The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt
Composition Sensitivity to Variations in Source and Process
Standish, Jared J; Feb 2006; 283 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): OCE-99-07630; OCE-01-37325
Report No.(s): AD-A454912; MIT/WHOI-2006-02; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A13, Hardcopy
Between 9 deg - 25 deg E on the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge lie two sharply contrasting supersegments.
One 630 km long supersegment erupts N-MORB that is progressively enriched in incompatible element concentrations from
east to west. The second 400 km long supersegment contains three separate volcanic centers erupting E-MORB and connected
by long amagmatic accretionary segments, where mantle is emplaced directly to the seafloor with only scattered N-MORB and
E-MORB erupted. Rather than a major break in mantle composition at the discontinuity between the supersegments, this sharp
contrast in geometry, physiography, and chemistry reflects ‘source’ versus ‘process’ dominated generation of basalt. Robust
along-axis correlation of ridge characteristics (i.e. morphology, upwelling, rate, lithospheric thickness), basalt chemistry, and
crustal thickness (estimated from gravity) provides a unique opportunity to compare the influence of spreading geometry and
rate on MORB generation. What had not been well established until now is the importance of melting processes rather than
source at spreading rates \h 20 mm/yr. Along the orthogonally spreading supersegement (14 mm/yr) moderate degrees of
partial melting effectively sample the bulk mantle source, while on the obliquely spreading supersegment (7-14 mm/yr)
suppression of mantle melting to low degrees means that the bulk source is not uniformly sampled, and thus ‘process’ rather
than ‘source’ dominated melt chemistry.
DTIC
Basalt; Marine Chemistry; Ocean Bottom; Oceans; Sensitivity; Spreading
20060050036 NASA Stennis Space Center, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA
Verification and Validation of NASA-Supported Enhancements to the Near Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms
Observing System (HABSOS)
Hall, Calllie; McPherson, Terry; Spiering, Bruce; Brown, Richard; Estep, Lee; Lunde, Bruce; Guest, DeNeice; Navard, Andy;
Pagnutti, Mary; Ryan, Robert E.; Spruce, Joseph P.; June 2006; 50 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNS04AB54T
Report No.(s): SSTI-2220-0086; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050036; Avail.: CASI: A03,
Hardcopy
This report discusses verification and validation (V&V) assessment of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
(MODIS) ocean data products contributed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and Applied Coherent Technologies
(ACT) Corporation to National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration s (NOAA) Near Real Time (NRT) Harmful Algal
Blooms Observing System (HABSOS). HABSOS is a maturing decision support tool (DST) used by NOAA and its partners
involved with coastal and public health management.
Derived from text
Algae; Coasts; Remote Sensing; Image Analysis; Evaluation
44
ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
Includes specific energy conversion systems, e.g., fuel cells; and solar, geothermal, windpower, and waterwave conversion systems;
energy storage; and traditional power generators. For technologies related to nuclear energy production see 73 Nuclear Physics. For
related information see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power; and 28 Propellants and Fuels.
20060048174 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA

SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion During Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon
Ready, R. C.; Young, D.; Branz, H. M.; Wang, Q.; Nov. 2005; 9 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882819; NREL/CP-520-38974; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
173
Crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films deposited on low-cost substrates shows potential for
solar cell applications. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was used to study impurity incorporation, hydrogen
evolution, and dopant diffusion during the crystallization process.
NTIS
Amorphous Silicon; Crystallization; Diffusion; Solar Cells; Solid Phases

New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Recombination at Light-Induced Boron-Oxygen Complexes in Silicon
Du, M. H.; Branz, H. M.; Crandall, R. S.; Zhang, S. B.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NREL/CP-590-39021
First-principles study of BO2 complex in B-doped Czochralski silicon (Cz-Si) reveals a novel, self-trapping-enhanced
carrier recombination mechanism, in sharp contrasts to the standard fixed-level Shockley-Read-Hall theory for carrier
recombination. We found that an O2 dimer, distant from any B, would cause only weak carrier recombination under
illumination--only enough to drive its diffusion to find B and form the BO2 complexes. Surprisingly, BO2 and O2 produce
nearly identical defect gap states. Despite this, recombination at BO2 is substantially faster than that at O2, because the charge
state of the latter inhibits hole capture, the key step for such recombination.
NTIS
Boron; Oxygen; Radiative Recombination; Silicon; Solar Cells
20060048181 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.,
Berkeley, CA, USA
Economic, Energy, and Environmental Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in California. Report for May 2005 to
April 2006
Stoddard, L.; Abiecunas, J.; O’Connell, R.; Apr. 2006; 72 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881924; NREL/SR-550-39291; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
This study provides a summary assessment of concentrating solar power (CSP) and its potential economic return, energy
supply impact, and environmental benefits for the State of California. Emphasis was placed on in-state economic impact in
terms of direct and indirect employment created by the manufacture, installation, and operation of CSP plants. The
environmental impact of CSP relative to natural gas fueled counterparts was studied. The value of CSP as a hedge against
natural gas price increases and volatility was also analyzed. Black & Veatch chose a 100 MW parabolic trough plant with 6
hours of storage as the representative CSP plant to focus the results of the study. Cumulative deployment scenarios of 2,100
MW and 4,000 MW between 2008 and 2020 were assumed. Based on estimates provided by the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory (NREL), future CSP technology improvements were incorporated into the study by assuming that 150 MW and
200 MW plants would be constructed starting in 2011 and 2015, respectively. The NREL estimates include reduced installed
costs over time as a result of technology learning and increased construction efficiency. The levelized cost of electric
production was calculated for each CSP plant.
NTIS
Economics; Electric Power Plants; Solar Cells; Solar Energy Conversion

Fission Surface Power for the Exploration and Colonization of Mars
Houts, Mike; Porter, Ron; Gaddis, Steve; Van Dyke, Melissa; Martin, Jim; Godfroy, Tom; Bragg-Sitton, Shannon; Garber,
Anne; Pearson, Boise; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; The 9th Annual Internaitonal Mars Society Conference, 3-6 Aug. 2006,
Washington, DC, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The colonization of Mars will require abundant energy. One potential energy source is nuclear fission. Terrestrial fission
systems are highly developed and have the demonstrated ability to safely produce tremendous amounts of energy. In space,
fission systems not only have the potential to safely generate tremendous amounts of energy, but could also potentially be used
on missions where alternatives are not practical. Programmatic risks such as cost and schedule are potential concerns with
fission surface power (FSP) systems. To be mission enabling, FSP systems must be affordable and programmatic risk must
be kept acceptably low to avoid jeopardizing exploration efforts that may rely on FSP. Initial FSP systems on Mars could be
‘workhorse’ units sized to enable the establishment of a Mars base and the early growth of a colony. These systems could be
174
nearly identical to FSP systems used on the moon. The systems could be designed to be safe, reliable, and have low
development and recurring costs. Systems could also be designed to fit on relatively small landers. One potential option for
an early Mars FSP system would be a 100 kWt class, NaK cooled system analogous to space reactors developed and flown
under the U.S. ‘SNAP’ program or those developed and flown by the former Soviet Union (‘BUK’ reactor). The systems could
use highly developed fuel and materials. Water and Martian soil could be used to provide shielding. A modern, high-efficiency
power conversion subsystem could be used to reduce required reactor thermal power. This, in turn, would reduce fuel burnup
and radiation damage .effects by reducing ‘nuclear’ fuels and materials development costs. A realistic, non-nuclear heated and
fully integrated technology demonstration unit (TDU) could be used to reduce cost and programmatic uncertainties prior to
initiating a flight program.
Author
Mars Surface; Nuclear Fission; Aerospace Systems; Turbogenerators; Potential Energy; Colonies; Radiation Damage

High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells: A Laboratory Perspective
Ramanathan, K.; Bhattacharya, R.; Contreras, M.; Keane, J. C.; To, B.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882796; NREL/CP-520-38987; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
We present a summary of our work on the preparation of CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) absorbers that has led to fabricating
record-efficiency solar cells. The use of the three-stage process in conjunction with composition monitoring facilitates the
fabrication of solar cells with efficiencies between 18% and 19.5% for absorber bandgap in the range of 1.1-1.2 eV. We
describe our recent results in reducing absorber thickness and low-temperature deposition. Our preliminary results on
absorbers grown from low-purity source materials show promise of reducing the cost of fabricating the absorber.
NTIS
Solar Cells; Thin Films

Small PV Systems Performance Evaluation at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method
Adelstein, J.; Sekulic, W.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
The PV Systems Performance and Reliability R & D group currently has seven grid-tied 1-2 kilowatt PV systems
deployed at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility (OTF) and two 6 kilowatt systems mounted on the roof of NREL’s Solar Energy
Research Facility (SERF). The systems, which employ several PV module technologies including crystalline silicon (c-Si),
amorphous silicon (a-Si), cadmium telluride (CdTe), and copper indium diselenide (CIS), are being monitored to determine
the long-term performance and reliability of the modules and arrays under actual field conditions. The length of observation
ranges from 2 months for our newest system to 11 years for our oldest systems. The annual degradation and seasonal
fluctuation of the systems’ power output are calculated using the PV for Utility-Scale Applications (PVUSA) power rating
regression model.
NTIS
Evaluation; Performance Tests; Ratings; Renewable Energy; Test Facilities

Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsulant Formulations at NREL
Pern, F. J.; Jorgensen, G. J.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Self-primed ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and non-EVA (PMG) encapsulant formulations were developed that have
greater resistance to damp heat exposure at 85 degrees C and 85% relative humidity (RH) (in terms of adhesion strength to
glass substrates) than a commonly used commercial EVA product. The self-primed EVA formulations were developed on the
basis of high-performing glass priming formulations that have previously proven to significantly enhance the adhesion strength
of unprimed and primed EVA films on glass substrates during damp heat exposure. The PMG encapsulant formulations were
based on an ethylene-methylacrylate copolymer containing glycidyl methacrylate.
NTIS
Acetates; Encapsulating; Extravehicular Activity; Photovoltaic Cells; Renewable Energy; Thermal Resistance
175
Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Initiative
Mancini, T.; Mehos, M.; Wilkins, F.; Morse, F.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The 1000 MW CSP project was initiated in FY02 based on a Congressional request of the DOE to investigate the
‘feasibility of 1000MW of Concentrating Solar Power in the Southwest by 2006.’ The original charge has grown and involved
a number of activities including: outreach to the SW states, support of state-level activities in NM, CA, and CO, and analysis
in support of the Western Governors’ Association (WGA) 30 GW Clean Energy Initiative.
NTIS
Electric Power Plants; Solar Energy Conversion

Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial Barrier/Backsheet Failure
Pankow, J. W.; Glick, S. H.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Flexible polymer substrates coated with inorganic oxide moisture barriers are a potential replacement for glass backsheets
in thin film PV modules. Silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy) deposited by PECVD on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) represents
one potential new backsheet candidate. Barrier deposition runs at NREL have typically included a nitrogen-rich plasma
pretreatment prior to actual barrier deposition with the intention of cleaning the PET surface as well as enhancing adhesion
of the SiOxNy barrier film to PET; however, test coupons of PET/barrier/EVA/TPE failed after damp heat exposure. PET
substrates exposed to plasma conditions similar to those used in pre-treatment were examined by X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy (XPS) to reveal new low molecular weight PET fragments are created which are volatile upon heating and water
soluble. Failure analysis of the coupons determined that the moisture barrier is, in fact, transferred to the encapsulant side.
NTIS
Failure; Photovoltaic Cells; Plasmas (Physics)

New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple-Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High-Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Systems
Kurtz, S.; Wanlass, M.; Kramer, C.; Young, M.; Geisz, J.; January 2005; 9 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
GaInP/GaAs/GaInAs three-junction cells are grown in an inverted configuration on GaAs, allowing high quality growth
of the lattice matched GaInP and GaAs layers before a grade is used for the 1-eV GaInAs layer. Using this approach an
efficiency of 37.9% was demonstrated.
NTIS
Concentrators; Energy Gaps (Solid State); Gallium Arsenides; Solar Cells; Solar Collectors

III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multijunction Cell
Geisz, J.; Olson, J.; McMahon, W.; Friedman, D.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
A III-V on Si multijunction solar cell promises high efficiency at relatively low cost. The challenges to epitaxial growth
of high-quality III-Vs on Si, though, are extensive. Lattice-matched (LM) dilute-nitride GaNPAs solar cells have been grown
on Si, but their performance is limited by defects related to the nitrogen. Advances in the growth of lattice-mismatched (LMM)
materials make more traditional III-Vs, such as GaInP and GaAsP, very attractive for use in multijunction solar cells on silicon.
NTIS
Silicon; Solar Cells

GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Performance: the Amazing Physics of Grain-Boundaries and Killer-Defects in
Chalcopyrites
Zunger, A.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English
176
New theoretical studies reveal the way that grain boundaries lead to a reduction in electron-hole recombination in CIS,
and how Ga addition leads to cell deterioration largely because of grain-interior (not boundary) effects.
NTIS
Defects; Grain Boundaries; Solar Cells

Strategic Planning of Communications and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Energy Technologies Program
Pedigo, S.; Nahan, R.; Moon, S.; Gwinner, D.; Zuboy, J.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English
The goal of the Solar Communications Team is to get the right information to the right people at the right time in the right
form at the right cost, and to measure the effectiveness of projects and our strategic communications plan. Our
communications efforts in FY 2005 emphasized the following: (1) Reaching the Buildings and Consumer audiences (e.g.,
Solar Decathlon, International Builders’ Show). (2) Developing and distributing critical program documents to key
stakeholders (e.g., Solar Program Review Meeting Proceedings, Industry Roadmap, second Multi-Year Program Plan). (3)
Conducting a gap analysis of communications products and evaluating their effectiveness. (4) Working with our program
management to streamline business processes and improve communications of management expectations. (5) Developing and
maintaining content for all Solar Program Web sites that reflect research and program accomplishments. (6) Representing the
interests of the Solar Program at strategic events (technical conferences, meetings, workshops, community events).
NTIS
Energy Technology; Management Planning; Solar Energy
20060048216 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Performance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge
Movement
Frank, A. J.; Neale, N. R.; Kopidakis, N.; van de Lagemaat, J.; Graetzel, M.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
The objective of this research is to determine the operational characteristics key to efficient, low-cost, stable solar cells
based on dye-sensitized mesoporous films (in collaboration with DOE’s Office of Science Program). Toward this end, we have
investigated the mechanism by which the adsorbent chenodeoxycholate, cografted with a sensitizer onto TiO(sub 2)
nanocrystals, improves the open-circuit photovoltage (VOC) and short-circuit photocurrent density (JSC). We find that adding
chenodeoxycholate not only shifts the TiO(sub 2) conduction-band edge to negative potentials but also accelerates the rate of
recombination. The net effect of these opposing phenomena is to produce a higher photovoltage. It is also found that
chenodeoxycholate reduces the dye loading significantly but has only a modest effect on JSC. Implications of these results to
developing more efficient cells are discussed.
NTIS
Dyes; Shielding; Solar Cells; Titanium Oxides

Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Template Layers
Teplin, C. W.; Ginley, D. S.; van Hest, M. F.; Perkins, J. D.; Young, D. L.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
We have developed a new approach to growing photovoltaic-quality crystal silicon (c-Si) films on glass. Other approaches
to film c-Si focus on increasing grain size in order to reduce the deleterious effects of grain boundaries. Instead, we have
developed an approach to align the silicon grains biaxially (both in and out of plane) so that (1) grain boundaries are
‘low-angle’ and have less effect on the electronic properties of the material and (2) subsequent epitaxial thickening is
simplified. They key to our approach is the use of a foreign template layer that can be grown with biaxial texture directly on
glass.
NTIS
Crystals; Photovoltaic Cells; Routes; Solar Cells; Templates; Thin Films

Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Project
Canada, S.; Brosseau, D.; Kolb, G.; Moore, L.; Cable, R.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
177
Arizona Public Service (APS) is currently installing new power facilities to generate a portion of its electricity from solar
resources that will satisfy its obligation under the Arizona Environmental Portfolio Standard (EPS). During FY04, APS began
construction on a 1-MWe parabolic trough concentrating solar power plant. This plant represents the first parabolic trough
plant to begin construction since 1991. Site preparation and construction activities continued throughout much of FY05, and
startup activities are planned for Fall 2005 (with completion early in FY06). The plant will be the first commercial deployment
of the Solargenix parabolic trough collector technology developed under contract to the National Renewable Energy
Laboratory. The plant will use an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power plant, provided by Ormat. The ORC power plant is
much simpler than the conventional steam Rankine cycle plant and allows unattended operation of the facility.
NTIS
Parabolic Reflectors; Renewable Energy; Solar Collectors; Solar Thermal Electric Power Plants

Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Exciton Generation
Hanna, M. C.; Beard, M. C.; Johnson, J. C.; Murphy, J.; Ellingson, R. J.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
We have measured the quantum yield of the multiple exciton generation (MEG) process in quantum dots (QDs) of the
lead-salt semiconductor family (PbSe, PbTe, and PbS) using fs pump-probe transient absorption measurements. Very high
quantum yields (up to 300%) for charge carrier generation from MEG have been measured in all of the Pb-VI QDs. We have
calculated the potential maximum performance of various MEG QD solar cells in the detailed balance limit. We examined a
two-cell tandem PV device with singlet fission (SF), QD, and normal dye (N) absorbers in the nine possible series-connected
combinations to compare the tandem combinations and identify the combinations with the highest theoretical efficiency. We
also calculated the maximum efficiency of an idealized single-gap MEG QD solar cell with M multiplications and its
performance under solar concentration.
NTIS
Excitons; Quantum Dots; Solar Cells

Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degradation Studies
Albin, D. S.; McMahon, T. J.; Pankow, J. W.; Noufi, R.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Oxygen during vapor CdCl2 (VCC) treatments significantly reduced resistive shunts observed in CdS/CdTe
polycrystalline devices using thinner CdS layers during 100 degrees C, open-circuit, 1-sun accelerated stress testing. Cu
oxidation resulting from the reduction of various trace oxides present in as-grown and VCC treated films is the proposed
mechanism by which Cu diffusion, and subsequent shunts are controlled. Graphite paste layers between metallization and
CdTe behave like diffusion barriers and similarly benefit device stability. Ni-based contacts form a protective Ni2Te3
intermetallic layer that reduces metal diffusion but degrades performance through increased series resistance.
NTIS
Degradation; Polycrystals; Solar Cells; Thin Films

Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Semiconductors
Wei, S. H.; Dalpian, G. M.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
The stability of cation interstitials in II-VI semiconductors is studied using ab initio methods. We find that interstitials in
the neutral charge state are more stable in the tetrahedral interstitial site near the cation, whereas in the (2+) charge state, they
are more stable near the anion. The diffusion energy barrier changes when the defect charge state changes. Therefore, if
electrons/holes are taken from the defect level by light, changing its charge state, the interstitial atom will be able to diffuse
almost spontaneously due to a reduced diffusion barrier.
NTIS
Cations; Interstitials; Photovoltaic Cells; Semiconductors (Materials)
178
Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Devices Using Dendrimers
Kopidakis, N.; Mitchell, W. J.; Bozell, J. J.; Piris, J.; Ginley, D. S.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
A family of prototype pi-conjugated dendrimers has been synthesized and incorporated into solution-processable organic
photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Bulk heterojunction devices were fabricated by blending the dendrimers with a solubilized
fullerene. The best of these initial devices, which were not optimized for morphology, exhibited external quantum efficiencies
of 22% at peak wavelength. It was found that 3-arm dendrimers, when sufficiently soluble, yielded higher photocurrents than
their 4-arm counterparts. This was attributed to better planarity and intermolecular alignment of the 3-arm version. Device
efficiency was seen to increase with increasing arm length. A reduced-band gap dendrimer was synthesized by attaching
electron-withdrawing groups onto the core to yield an optical band gap of 1.82 eV.
NTIS
Dendrimers; Heterojunction Devices; Photovoltaic Cells

Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Transparent Conducting Oxide Materials
Ginley, D. S.; Yound, D.; van Hest, M. F.; Teplin, C. W.; Alleman, J. L.; Nov. 2005; 9 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The discovery and optimization of new materials and devices for photovoltaic applications is nominally a slow and
time-consuming process. The advent of high-speed automated analysis and data-handling tools has enabled the use of
combinatorial high-throughput approaches to photovoltaic materials. High-throughput combinatorial approaches have shown
applicability in a wide range of materials areas including catalysis, inorganic synthesis, new materials discovery, device
development, and organic synthesis. The advent of computer-automated deposition, analysis, and data-mining capabilities has
enabled the broad application of these approaches.
NTIS
Combinatorial Analysis; Oxides; Photovoltaic Cells; Transparence

Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Solar Cells
Noufi, R.; Wu, X.; Abu-Shama, J.; Ramanathan, K.; Dhere, R.; Nov. 2005; 9 pp.; In English
We present a digest of our research on the thin-film material components that comprise the top and bottom cells of three
different material systems and the tandem devices constructed from them.
NTIS
Polycrystals; Solar Cells; Thin Films

Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Analysis PV Research
Asher, S.; Pankow, J.; Perkins, C.; Reedy, R.; Teeter, G.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The Surface Analysis project provides measurement support and leadership for collaborative research activities involving
surface chemistry and physics in all areas of the PV program. Significant results from the past fiscal year include the following:
(1) in-situ XPS, UPS, and AES studies of chemical-bath exposure of CIGS surfaces demonstrated that Group-III elements are
preferentially removed from the surface, that type conversion of the surface occurs, and that the addition of a surfactant
improves CdS deposition and thus device performance; (2) XPS studies of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) candidate
backsheet materials have shown that plasma exposure prior to oxide-barrier deposition results in the formation of
low-molecular-weight fragments that result in the formation of a weak interfacial layer that fails during damp-heat exposure;
(3) an empirical relation was derived for the source geometry that leads to optimal film-thickness uniformity in
rotating-substrate physical-vapor deposition (PVD) systems; and (4) PVD flux-distribution calculations were performed to
develop a novel method for combinatorial thin-film synthesis.
NTIS
Photovoltaic Cells; Renewable Energy
179
Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Trough Development
Gee, R. C.; Hale, M. J.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
The Solargenix Advanced Trough Development Project was initiated in the Year 2000 with the support of the DOE CSP
Program and, more recently, with the added support of the Nevada Southwest Energy Partnership. Parabolic trough plants are
the most mature solar power technology, but no large-scale plants have been built in over a decade. Given this lengthy lull
in deployment, our first Project objective was development of improved trough technology for near-term deployment, closely
patterned after the best of the prior-generation troughs. The second objective is to develop further improvements in
next-generation trough technology that will lead to even larger reductions in the cost of the delivered energy. To date, this
Project has successfully developed an advanced trough, which is being deployed on a 1-MW plant in Arizona and will soon
be deployed in a 64-MW plant in Nevada. This advanced trough offers a 10% increase in performance and over an 20%
decrease in cost, relative to prior-generation troughs.
NTIS
Electric Power Plants; Parabolic Reflectors; Solar Collectors; Solar Energy Conversion

Development and Testing of a Power Trough System Using a Structurally-Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Reflector and Focal Point Rotation
May, E. K.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Industrial Solar Technology has assembled a team of experts to develop a large-aperture parabolic trough for the electric
power market that moves beyond cost and operating limitations of 1980’s designs based on sagged glass reflectors. IST’s
structurally efficient space frame design will require nearly 50% less material per square meter than a Solel LS-2 concentrator
and the new trough will rotate around the focal point. This feature eliminates flexhoses that increase pump power, installation
and maintenance costs. IST aims to deliver a concentrator module costing less than $100 per square meter that can produce
temperatures up to 400 C. The IST concentrator is ideally suited for application of front surface film reflectors and ensures
that US corporations will manufacture major components, except for the high temperature receivers.
NTIS
Apertures; Concentrators; Glass; Parabolic Reflectors; Reflectors; Rotation; Solar Collectors; Solar Reflectors; Solar
Thermal Electric Power Plants; Troughs

Recent Revisions to PVWATTS
Marion, B.; Anderberg, M.; Gray-Hann, P.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
PVWATTS is an Internet-accessible software program that allows the user to easily calculate the energy production and
cost savings for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems located throughout the USA. To ensure that PVWATTS continues
to meet its users’ needs, an online survey form was provided to users to identify areas for improvement. The results of the
survey were used to prioritize improvements to PVWATTS in FY2005. PVWATTS was revised by changing the PV system
specification input for system size from an AC power rating to a nameplate DC power rating; adding an input for an overall
DC to AC derate factor; updating the residential electric rates; adding monthly and yearly solar radiation values for the PV
array; and simplifying the user interface for Version 2.
NTIS
Photovoltaic Cells; Energy Sources

Impurity-Band Model for GaP1-xNx
Fluegel, B.; Zhang, Y.; Geisz, J. F.; Mascarenhas, A.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
Low-temperature absorption studies on free-standing GaP1-xNx films provide direct experimental evidence that the host
conduction-band minimum (CBM) near X1C does not plunge downward with increased nitrogen doping, contrary to what has
180
been suggested recently; rather, it remains stationary for x up to 0.1%. This fact, combined with the results of earlier studies
of the CBM at gamma and conduction-band edge near L, confirms that the giant bandgap lowering observed in GaP1-xNx
results from a CBM that evolves purely from nitrogen impurity bands.
NTIS
Impurities; Photovoltaic Conversion

Understanding the Potential and Limitations of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Cells
Kurtz, S.; Ptak, A.; Johnson, S.; Kramer, C.; Young, M.; Nov. 2005; 9 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
Dilute nitride alloys provide a powerful tool for engineering the band gap and lattice constant of III-V alloys. However,
nitrogen degrades the performance of GaAs solar cells. This project seeks to understand and demonstrate the limits of
performance of GaInNAs alloys by (a) correlating deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) data with device performance and
(b) using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to reduce background impurity concentrations.
NTIS
Nitrides; Solar Cells

Government Activities to Protect the Electric Grid
Abel, Amy; Feb 4, 2005; 7 pp.; In English
CASI: A02, Hardcopy
The electric utility system is vulnerable to outages caused by a range of activities, including system operator errors,
weather-related damage, and terrorist attacks. The main risk from a successful terrorist attack against the electric power
industry would be widespread power outages lasting for an extended period of time. While the electric utility industry has the
primary responsibility for protecting its assets, federal and state government agencies also have been addressing physical
security concerns. This report provides a description of initiatives within the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the
Departments of Energy, Homeland Security, and Defense to protect the physical transmission infrastructure. It will be updated
as events warrant.
DTIC
Electric Generators; Electric Power Plants; Policies; Protection; Security; Terrorism
20060049381 FuelCell Energy, Inc., Danbury, CT USA

Development of a Ship Service Fuel Cell
Abens, S; Ghezel-Ayagh, H; Steinfeld, G; Sanderson, R; Cervi, M; Oct 2000; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-C-0169
Hardcopy
Under a three-phase program sponsored by the Office of Naval Research (ONR), FuelCell Energy, Inc. is developing a
2.5 MW fuel cell power plant for ship service power generation aboard surface combatants. During the first phase, the
conceptual design of the ship service fuel cell (SSFC) module was developed and critical component tests were performed.
The second phase which was initiated in June 2000, will provide detailed design, construction, and performance testing of one
of four 625 kW power modules which constitute the 2.5 MW SSFC power plant. Following testing at FCE’s facilities in
Danbury, CT, the module will be delivered to the U.S. Navy in Philadelphia, PA for additional land-based testing. The power
module will then undergo at-sea testing during the third phase of the program scheduled for 2003-2004.
DTIC
Electric Propulsion; Fuel Cells; Marine Technology; Ships

PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic System and Component Certification, Test Facility Accreditation, and Solar
Photovoltaic Energy Systems International Standards
Basso, T. S.; Chalmers, S.; Barikmo, H. O.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
181
This paper discusses efforts led by two companies (PowerMark Corporation and Sunset Technologies Inc.) to support both
U.S. domestic and international photovoltaic (PV) system and component certification and test facility accreditation programs
and the operation of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) Technical Committee 82 (TC-82) Photovoltaic
Energy Systems. International and national PV certification/accreditation programs are successfully facilitating entry of only
the highest quality PV products into the marketplace. Standards also continue to be a cornerstone for assuring global PV
product conformity assessment, reducing non-tariff trade barriers, and ultimately improving PV products while lowering cost.
NTIS
Photovoltaic Cells; Photovoltaic Conversion; Solar Energy

Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test
Facility
McNutt, P.; Adelstein, J.; Sekulic, W.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English
As part of the work conducted in the PV Systems Reliability and Performance R&D Task, a 1.5-kWdc photovoltaic (PV)
array consisting of 36 Solarex MST-43MV dual-junction a-Si modules was installed and its performance monitored for almost
six years (September 1999 through May 2005) at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Outdoor Test Facility
(OTF). This paper describes the system and its performance based on the PV for Utility-Scale Applications (PVUSA) power
rating method.
NTIS
Evaluation; Performance Tests; Photovoltaic Conversion; Ratings; Solar Energy; Test Facilities

Rheological and Mechanical Considerations for Photovoltaic Encapsulants
Kempe, M. D.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Photovoltaic (pv) devices are encapsulated in polymeric materials not only for corrosion protection, but also for
mechanical support. Even though ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) suffers from having both glass and melting phase transitions
at temperatures experienced under environmental exposure, its low cost and good optical transmission made EVA the most
commonly used material for PV modules. These transitions, however, cause EVA to embrittle at low temperatures (approx.
-15 deg C) and to be very soft at high temperatures (\g40 deg C). From mechanical considerations, one would prefer a material
that was relatively unchanged under a wide temperature range. This would produce a more predictable and reliable package.
These concerns are likely to become more important as silicon based cells are made thinner.
NTIS
Acetates; Encapsulating; Extravehicular Activity; Photovoltaic Cells; Solar Cells; Solar Energy
20060050152 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Colorado Univ., Boulder, CO USA
Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems Analysis
Burch, J.; Salasovich, J.; Hillman, T.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The Solar Heating and Lighting Sub-program has set the key goal to reduce the cost of saved energy (Csav, defined as
(total cost, $)/(total discounted savings, kWh thermal)) for solar domestic water heaters (SDWH) by at least 50%. To
determine if this goal is attainable and prioritize R&D for cold-climate SDWH, life-cycle analyses were done with
hypothetical lower-cost components in glycol, drainback, and thermosiphon systems. Balance-of-system (BOS, everything but
the collector) measures included replacing metal components with polymeric versions and system simplification. With all BOS
measures in place, Csav could be reduced more than 50% with a low-cost, selectively-coated, glazed polymeric collector, and
slightly less than 50% with either a conventional selective metal-glass or a non-selective glazed polymer collector. The largest
percent reduction in Csav comes from replacing conventional pressurized solar storage tanks and metal heat exchangers with
un-pressurized polymer tanks with immersed polymer heat exchangers, which could be developed with relatively low-risk R
and D.
NTIS
Climate; Solar Heating; Systems Analysis; Water; Water Heating
182
20060050216 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Colorado Univ., Denver, CO, USA
Dislocation Generation by Thermal Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experiments
Sopori, B.; Sheldon, P.; Rupnowki, P.; Balzar, D.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
We developed a finite-element modeling program to predict the thermally generated dislocation distribution in a wafer.
This model uses measured parameters that are determined from generating dislocations under a known optical flux.
NTIS
Solar Cells; Thermal Stresses
20060050217 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO USA
Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydrogen Content on the Crystallization
Kinetics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Growth
Mahan, A. H.; Reedy, R. C.; Ginely, D. S.; Roy, B.; Readey, D. W.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
The ability to crystallize thin a-Si:H into large grain Si can lead to significant improvements in Si solar cells. We are
examining what factors play a role in determining crystallite grain size and/or defect density when a-Si:H films undergo RTA
to induce crystallization. Such factors include film H content, crystallization anneal temperature, higher temperature post
anneals to possibly reduce the film defect density, and how to rehydrogenate the grain boundaries. This work addresses these
first two factors.
NTIS
Annealing; Crystallization; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Morphology; Solar Cells; Thin Films; Vapor Deposition
20060050218 National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO USA, Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USA
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as the Emitter and Back Contact
Wang, T. H.; Page, M. R.; Iwaniczko, E.; Wang, Q.; Xu, T.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
Thin hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) layers deposited by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) are
used as both emitters and back contacts in silicon heterojunction solar cells. Low interface recombination velocity and high
open-circuit voltage are achieved by a low substrate temperature (\h150 degrees C) intrinsic a-Si:H deposition which ensures
immediate amorphous silicon deposition. This is followed by deposition of doped a-Si:H at a higher temperature (\g200
degrees C) which appears to improve dopant activation. With an i/n a-Si:H emitter, we obtain a confirmed efficiency of 17.1%
on textured p-type float-zone (FZ) silicon with a screen-printed aluminum back-surface-field (Al-BSF) contact. Employing
a-Si:H as both the front emitter and the back contact, we achieve a confirmed efficiency of 17.5%, the highest reported
efficiency for a p-type c-Si based heterojunction solar cell.
NTIS
Amorphous Silicon; Emitters; Heterojunction Devices; Heterojunctions; Hydrogenation; Solar Cells; Vapor Deposition

Exploratory Reliability and Performance R and D
Osterwald, C. R.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
This paper presents a brief overview of the status and accomplishments during fiscal year (FY) 2005 of the Photovoltaic
(PV) Exploratory Reliability and Performance R&D Subtask, which is part of the PV Module Reliability R&D Project (a joint
NREL-Sandia project).
NTIS
Photovoltaic Cells; Reliability; Renewable Energy
183
Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for PV Packaging
Glick, S. H.; del Cueto, J. A.; Terwilliger, K. M.; Jorgensen, G. J.; Pankow, J. W.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882607; NREL-CP-520-38959; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
Dielectric thin-film barrier and adhesion-promoting layers consisting of silicon oxynitride materials (SiOxNy, with
various stoichiometry) were investigated. For process development, films were applied to glass (TCO, conductive SnO2:F; or
soda-lime), polymer (PET, polyethylene terephthalate), aluminized soda-lime glass, or PV cell (a-Si, CIGS) substrates. Design
strategy employed de-minimus hazard criteria to facilitate industrial adoption and reduce implementation costs for PV
manufacturers or suppliers. A restricted process window was explored using dilute compressed gases (3% silane, 14% nitrous
oxide, 23% oxygen) in nitrogen (or former mixtures, and 11.45% oxygen mix in helium and/or 99.999% helium dilution) with
a worst-case flammable and non-corrosive hazard classification.
NTIS
Oxynitrides; Packaging; Photovoltaic Cells; Silicon Films; Thin Films

Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test System at the Outdoor Test Facility
del Cueto, J. A.; Trudell, D.; Sekulic, W.; Nov. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
(NTIS)
We illustrate the capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Test (HVST) which operates continuously in the array field east
of the Outdoor Test Facility at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Because we know that photovoltaic (PV) modules
generating electrical power in both residential and utility-scale array installations will develop high-voltage biases approaching
600 VDC and 1,000 VDC, respectively, we expect such high voltages will result in current leakage between cells and ground,
typically through the frames or mounts. We know that inevitably such leakage currents are capable of producing
electrochemical corrosion that adversely impacts long-term module performance. With the HVST, we stress or operate PV
modules under high-voltage bias, to characterize their leakage currents under all prevailing ambient conditions and assess
performance changes emanating from high-voltage stress. We perform this test both on single modules and an active array.
NTIS
High Voltages; Photovoltaic Cells; Stress Analysis; Test Facilities
45
ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
Includes atmospheric, water, soil, noise, and thermal pollution.
20060048222 Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
Economic Impact Analysis of the Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Risk Standard
Jul. 2006; 24 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-115524; EPA/452/R-06/005; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
As part of its regulatory support role for Clean Air Act (CAA) programs, the Air Benefits and Costs Group (ABCG) within
the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS) analyzes the small entity and economic impacts of sector-specific
and broad national emission reduction strategies. Such analyses are in accordance with statutory requirements (Section 317
of the Clean Air Act, and Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA)), and are also designed to provide
useful information on the impacts of this proposed standard on directly affected firms and on their consumers. This report
provides an economic impact analysis for the dry cleaning residual risk standard as applied to all of the sources affected by
this proposal: major source and area source dry cleaners. The area source dry cleaners include co-residential facilities, which
are of particular interest in this rulemaking given the proximity of apartment residents to these sources and the risk exposure
from perchloroethylene (PCE) emissions they experience.
NTIS
Cleaning; Drying; Economic Impact; Industries; Risk
184
20060048224 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USA
Summary: Annual Site Environmental Report Radiological Doses and Releases, 1998-2001
Dec. 2004; 186 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-115332; DOE/EH-0692; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites conducting significant environmental protection programs prepare Annual Site
Environmental Reports (ASERs). The purposes of ASERs are to present environmental data so as to characterize site
environmental management performance, confirm compliance with environmental standards and requirements, and highlight
significant programs and efforts (DOE 1990a). ASERs document the potential radiological and nonradiological impacts of
DOE operations on the public and environment near each site. This summary report provides an overview of radiological
releases, monitoring, and dose estimates described in ASERs for 36 DOE sites for the years 1998 through 2001.
NTIS
Dosage; Environment Protection; Radiology
20060048252 Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center, Annual Report for 2005
Report No.(s): PB2007-100124; EPA-453/R-06/005; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse (RBLC) annual report contains information on the 325 permits entered and the
285 permits modified in the Clearinghouse from January 2005 to December 2005 and provides an overview of data entry
activity over the last four years. It summarizes this activity in terms of EPA Regions, States, and industrial processes; discusses
trends over the past four years; and presents plans for additions and improvements to the clearinghouse.
NTIS
Air Pollution; Air Quality; Charts; Pollution Control
20060048490 College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA

High Resolution Spectroscopy to Support Atmospheric Measurements
Venkataraman, Malathy Devi; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC1-03010; WBS 23-622-67-65; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048490;
The major research activities performed during the cooperative agreement enhanced our spectroscopic knowledge of
molecules of atmospheric interest such as H2O (water vapor), O3 (ozone), HCN (hydrogen cyanide), CH4 (methane), NO2
(nitrogen dioxide) and CO (carbon monoxide). The data required for the analyses were obtained from two different Fourier
Transform Spectrometers (FTS); one of which is located at the National Solar Observatory (NSO) on Kitt Peak, Arizona and
the other instrument is located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL) at Richland, Washington. The data were
analyzed using a modified multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm developed by Dr. D. Chris Benner of the
College of William and Mary. The results from these studies made significant improvements in the line positons and intensities
for these molecules. The measurements of pressure broadening and pressure induced line shift coefficients and the temperature
dependence of pressure broadening and pressure induced shift coefficients for hundreds of infrared transitions of HCN, CO3
CH4 and H2O were also performed during this period. Results from these studies have been used for retrievals of stratospheric
gas concentration profiles from data collected by several Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite (UARS) infrared instruments
as well as in the analysis of high resolution atmospheric spectra such as those acquired by space-based, ground-based, and
various balloon- and aircraft-borne experiments. Our results made significant contributions in several updates of the HITRAN
(HIgh resolution TRANsmission) spectral line parameters database. This database enjoys worldwide recognition in research
involving diversified scientific fields. The research conducted during the period 2003-2006 has resulted in publications given
in this paper. In addition to Journal publications, several oral and poster presentations were given at various Scientific
conferences within the USA and abroad.
Author (revised)
High Resolution; Spectroscopy; Earth Atmosphere; Air Pollution

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Changes in Airborne Emission
Exposure Limits on Shipyard Workers
Null, Charles L; Bishop, John; Erdman, Joy; Bureau, Paul; Shoemaker, Kent; Lonie, Chris; Mar 1996; 112 pp.; In English
A06, Hardcopy
185
The Navy and the National Shipbuilding Research Program Welding Panel (SP-7) are concerned with the recent and
anticipated future reductions in Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and American Conference of
Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) worker exposure limits for airborne emissions. these changes involve nickel
(Ni), manpanese (Mn), and hexavalent chromium (Cr(Vl)) . The concerns are due to the potential impact these reductions may
have on operations in Navy facilities, public Shipyards, and private shipyards involved in the construction, maintenance, and
repair of ships. A Navy/Industry task Group lead by the Naval Sea Systems Command prepared this report of the technical
and economic impact of these new and anticipated reductions in worker exposure limits. this report: Identifies the
manufacturing and repair operations, materials, and processes that are expected to be impacted by the recent and anticipated
reductions in exposure limits. Presents data on current Worker exposure levels to Ni, Mn, total Cr, and Cr(Vl). Identifies the
technical and economic impact of the anticipated reductions in the Cr(VI) PEL on Navy facilities and public and private
shipyards. Identifies future actions that may be required to comply with the recent and anticipated reductions in exposure
limits. This study concludes that workers in Navy facilities and public and private shipyards who perform the following
operations have the potential for exposure to Ni, Mn, total Cr, and Cr(Vl) : Construction, Structural Fabrication and Repair
of Facilities; Metal Cleaning; Casting; Plating; Painting; Coating; Machining; Welding; thermal Spraying; thermal Cutting and
Grouping Woodworking (of pressure treated Wood); and Services (includes Transportation, motor vehicle, maintenance).
DTIC
Emission; Exposure; Hygiene; Industrial Safety; Marine Technology; Personnel; Safety; Ships; Shipyards

Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Production of Nuclear Weapons: Background and Issues for Congress
Bearden, David M; Andrews, Anthony; Jun 13, 2006; 7 pp.; In English
How to safely dispose of wastes from producing nuclear weapons has been an ongoing issue. The most radioactive portion
of these wastes is stored in underground tanks at Department of Energy (DOE) sites in Idaho, South Carolina, and Washington
State. There have been concerns about soil and groundwater contamination from some of the tanks that have leaked. DOE
proposed to remove the ‘pumpable’ liquid waste, classify the sludge-like remainder as ‘waste incidental to reprocessing,’ and
seal it in the tanks with a cement grout. DOE has argued that closing the tanks in this manner would be a cost-effective and
timely way to address environmental risks. Questions were raised as to how much waste would be left in the tanks and whether
the grout would contain the waste and prevent leaks. After considerable debate, the 108th Congress included provisions in the
Ronald W. Reagan National Defense Authorization Act for FY2005 (P.L. 108-375) authorizing DOE to grout some of the
waste in the tanks in Idaho and South Carolina. Congress did not provide such authority in Washington State. This report
provides background information on the disposal of radioactive tank waste, analyzes waste disposal authority in P.L. 108-375,
and examines potential implications for environmental cleanup. It will be updated as developments warrant.
DTIC
Congressional Reports; Defense Program; Law (Jurisprudence); Radioactive Wastes; Waste Disposal
20060048989 Streamline Consulting, LLC, Farmington, UT USA

Environmental Assessment (EA): Proposed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air Force Base, Utah
Klein, Randal; Winn, Kay; Jan 8, 2004; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453859; XC-75CEG/CEVOR; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The purpose of the proposed action is to accommodate current USA Air Force (USAF) missions by constructing a carriage
test facility to the east of Building 847 at Hill Air Force Base (AFB). The facility would be used to conduct testing and repair
of transfer carriages that are used to hold and transport Minuteman (MM) stage I motors. The facility would house a reaction
mass (a weight to be placed on each carriage for testing its ability to perform as intended) for a test stand to meet MM loads
for stage I motors, and an overhead crane. The proposed action is needed because it is required by weapons safety concerns.
A risk assessment code 3 (RAC 3) safety violation was identified at the current location, Oasis Building 30024 at the Utah
Test and Training Range (UTTR). The RAC 3 safety violation is related to lack of sufficient floor space. Additionally, the
presence of carriage test equipment is encroaching upon designated fire egress routes.
DTIC
Carriages; Test Facilities
186
20060049593 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario Canada
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Military Personnel
Abel, Sharon M; Apr 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Auditory Defects; Canada; Conservation; Ear Protectors; Hazards; Hearing; Military Personnel; Risk
20060050135 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA, USA

International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage
This International Symposium on Site Characterization for CO(sub 2) Geological Storage (CO2SC) addresses the
particular issue of site characterization and site selection related to the geologic storage of carbon dioxide. Presentations and
discussions cover the various aspects associated with characterization and selection of potential CO(sub 2) storage sites, with
emphasis on advances in process understanding, development of measurement methods, identification of key site features and
parameters, site characterization strategies, and case studies.
NTIS
Air Pollution; Carbon Dioxide; Characterization; Conferences; Geology; Pollution Control

Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Mode
Yeung, M. R.; Gupta, M. K.; Joshi, K. N.; Zachmann, G. J.; January 2006; 14 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-882700; WSRC-MS-2006-00225; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The objective of this analysis is to evaluate the steady state equilibrium hydrogen concentration in the 800 Series tanks
of the F-Area of Savannah River Site in their deactivation mode. These tanks (Tank 804, Tank 808 and Tank 809) are
underground tanks and each of them is housed in a cell. Currently, these tanks still contain sludge heels with plutonium and
other radionucludes that generate hydrogen by radiolysis. In the deactivation mode, the ventilation system will be completely
shut down. In order to vent the hydrogen to the surrounding, the manway hole at the top of the tank and the plug hole on the
top of the cell must be kept open. To prevent the introduction of foreign object into the cell, a filter panel will be used to cover
the plug hole. The present analysis uses a diffusion model to perform a series of parametric studies to evaluate the steady state
hydrogen concentration in the cell and the tank as a function of size and geometry of the filter panel.
NTIS
Deactivation; Hydrogen
20060050181 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA, USA

Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxidation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. Annual Report for July 1, 2004 to June
30, 2005
Kramlich, J. C.; Castiglone, L.; Apr. 2006; 30 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-FG26-03NT41808
Oxidized mercury formed in combustors (e.g., HgCl2) is much more easily captured in existing pollution control
equipment (e.g., wet scrubbers for SO2) than elemental mercury. This is principally due to the high solubility of the oxidized
form in water. Work over the last several years in our laboratory and elsewhere has identified the general outlines of the
homogeneous chemistry of oxidation. The goal of the work reported here is to make use of this knowledge of the oxidation
mechanism to devise simple and inexpensive ways to promote the oxidation. The hypothesis is that simple fuels such as
hydrogen or CO can promote oxidation via the free radicals they generate during their decomposition. These free radicals then
promote the formation of Cl from HCl via reactions such as OH+HCl yields H2O+Cl. The Cl (and Cl2 derived from Cl
recombination) are considered the principal oxidizing species. In our studies, mercury vapor is exposed to HCl under
isothermal conditions in a gas containing N2, O2, and H2O. The experiments systematically explore the influence of reaction
temperature, HCl concentration, and H2O concentration. These baseline conditions are then perturbed by the addition of
varying amounts of H2, CO, and H2/CO added jointly. The following report presents the results of a literature review
associated with the dissertation of the student supported by the program. This outlines the state-of-the-art in mercury behavior.
187
It then describes the experimental facilities and the results of tests involving the promotion of the oxidation reaction by H2,
CO, and H2/CO combinations.
NTIS
Air Pollution; Low Cost; Oxidation; Pollution Control; Mercury Vapor
46
GEOPHYSICS
Includes Earth structure and dynamics, aeronomy; upper and lower atmosphere studies; ionospheric and magnetospheric physics; and
geomagnetism. For related information see 47 Meteorology and Climatology; and 93 Space Radiation.
20060049071 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA

Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post-Annealing Shock in Ureilites
Rubin, Alan E.; Meteoritics and Planetary Science; 2006; Volume 41, No. 1, pp. 125-133; In English; Original contains black
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
The thermal and shock histories of ureilites can be divided into four periods: 1) formation, 2) initial shock, 3) post-shock
annealing, and 4) post-annealing shock. Period 1 occurred approx.4.55 Ga ago when ureilites formed by melting chondritic
material. Impact events during period 2 caused silicate darkening, undulose to mosaic extinction in olivines, and the formation
of diamond, lonsdaleite, and chaoite from indigenous carbonaceous material. Alkali-rich fine-grained silicates may have been
introduced by impact injection into ureilites during this period. About 57% of the ureilites were unchanged after period 2.
During period 3 events, impact-induced annealing caused previously mosaicized olivine grains to become aggregates of small
unstrained crystals. Some ureilites experienced reduction as FeO at the edges of olivine grains reacted with C from the matrix.
Annealing may also be responsible for coarsening of graphite in a few ureilites, forming euhedral-appearing, idioblastic
crystals. Orthopyroxene in Meteorite Hills (MET) 78008 may have formed from pigeonite by annealing during this period.
The Rb-Sr internal isochron age of approx.4.0 Ga for MET 78008 probably dates the annealing event. At this late date, impacts
are the only viable heat source. About 36% of ureilites experienced period 3 events, but remained unchanged afterwards.
During period 4, approx.7% of the ureilites were shocked again, as is evident in the polymict breccia, Elephant Moraine (EET)
83309. This rock contains annealed mosaicized olivine aggregates composed of small individual olivine crystals that exhibit
undulose extinction. Ureilites may have formed by impact-melting chondritic material on a primitive body with heterogeneous
O isotopes. Plagioclase was preferentially lost from the system due to its low impedance to shock compression. Brief melting
and rapid burial minimized the escape of planetary-type noble gases from the ureilitic melts. Incomplete separation of metal
from silicates during impact melting left ureilites with relatively high concentrations of trace siderophile elements.
Author
Thermal Shock; Annealing; Silicates; Trace Elements; Ureilites; Meteorites; Carbonaceous Materials; Impedance; Pyroxenes

A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Olivine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Semarkona that Experienced Limited
Remelting
Rubin, Alan E.; Meteoritics and Planetaty Science; 2006; Volume 41, No. 7, pp. 1027-1038; In English; Original contains
black and white illustrations
Chondrule D8n in LL3.0 Semarkona is a porphyritic olivine (PO) chondrule, 1300 x 1900 microns in size, with a
complicated thermal history. The oldest recognizable portion of D8n is a moderately high-FeO, PO chondrule that is modeled
as having become enmeshed in a dust ball containing a small, intact, low-FeO porphyritic chondrule and fine-grained material
consisting of forsterite, kamacite, troilite, and possibly reduced C. The final chondrule melting event may have been a heat
pulse that preferentially melted the low-FeO material and produced a low-FeO, opaque-rich, exterior region, 45-140 microns
in thickness, around the original chondrule. Ai one end of the exterior region, a kamacite- and troilite-rich lump 960 pm in
length formed. During the final melting event, the coarse, moderately ferroan olivine phenocrysts within the original chondrule
appear to have been partly resorbed (These relict phenocrysts have the highest concentrations of FeO, MnO, and Cr2O3-7.5,
0.20, and 0.61 wt%, respectively-in D8n.). Narrow olivine overgrowths crystallized around the phenocrysts following final
chondrule melting; their compositions seem to reflect mixing between melt derived from the exterior region and the resorbed
margins of the phenocrysts. During the melting event, FeO in the relict phenocrysts was reduced, producing numerous small
blebs of Ni-poor metallic Fe along preexisting curvilinear fractures. The reduced olivine flanking the trails of metal blebs has
188
lower FeO than the phenocrysts but virtually identical MnO and Cr2O3 contents. Subsequent parent-body aqueous alteration
in the exterior region of the chondrule formed pentlandite and abundant magnetite.
Author
Chondrule; Petrology; Meteoritic Composition; Iron Oxides; Kamacite; Magnetite; Forsterite

Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration
and Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides
Huber, Heinz; Rubin, Alan E.; Kallemeyn, Gregory W.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006;
Volume 70, pp. 4019-4037; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
CK chondrites constitute the most oxidized anhydrous carbonaceous chondrite group; most of the Fe occurs in magnetite
and in FeO-rich mafic silicates. The two observed CK falls (Karoonda and Kobe), along with thirteen relatively unweathered
CK finds, have unfractionated siderophile-element abundance patterns. In contrast, a sizable fraction of CK finds (9 of 24
investigated) shows fractionated siderophile abundance patterns including low abundances of Ni, Co, Se and Au; the most
extreme depletions are in Ni (0.24 of normal CK) and Au (0.14 of normal CK). This depletion pattern has not been found in
other chondrite groups. Out of the 74 CK chondrites listed in the Meteoritical Bulletin Database (2006; excluded considerably
paired specimens; see http://tin.er.usgs.gov/meteor/ metbull.php) we analyzed 24 and subclassified the CK chondrites in terms
of their chemical composition and sulfide mineralogy: sL (siderophiles low; six samples) for large depletions in Ni, Co, Se
and Au (\g50% of sulfides lost); sM (siderophiles medium; two CKs) for moderately low Ni and Co abundances (sulfides are
highly altered or partly lost); sH (siderophiles high; one specimen) for enrichments in Ni, Co, Se and Au; ‘normal’ for
unfractionated samples (13 samples). The sole sH sample may have obtained additional sulfide from impact redistribution in
the parent asteroid. We infer that these elements became incorporated into sulfides after asteroidal aqueous processes oxidized
nebular metal; thermal metamorphism probably also played a role in their mineral siting. The siderophile losses in the SL and
sM samples are mainly the result of oxidation of pentlandite, pyrite and violarite by terrestrial alteration followed by leaching
of the resulting phases. Some Antarctic CK chondrites have lost most of their sulfides but retained Ni, Co, Se and Au,
presumably as insoluble weathering products.
Author
Siderophile Elements; Anomalies; Carbonaceous Chondrites; Weathering; Sulfides; Chemical Composition; Metamorphism
(Geology); Mineralogy

A Weathering Index for CK and R Chondrites
Rubin, Alan E.; Huber, Heinz; Meteoritics and Planetary Science; May 31, 2006; Volume 40, No. 8, pp. 1123-1130; In
We present a new weathering index (wi) for the metallic-Fe-Ni-poor chondrite groups (CK and R) based mainly on
transmitted light observations of the modal abundance of crystalline material that is stained brown in thin sections: wi-0, \h5
vol%; wi-1, 5-25 vol%; wi-2,25-50 vol%; wi-3,50- 75 vol%; wi-4, 75-95 vol%; wi-5, \g95 vol%, wi-6, significant replacement
of mafic silicates by phyllosilicates. Brown staining reflects mobilization of oxidized iron derived mainly from terrestrial
weathering of Ni-bearing sulfide. With increasing degrees of terrestrial weathering of CK and R chondrites, the sulfide modal
abundance decreases, and S, Se, and Ni become increasingly depleted. In addition, bulk Cl increases in Antarctic CK
chondrites, probably due to contamination from airborne sea mist.
Author
Chondrites; Silicates; Mineralogy; Crystallinity; Sulfides; Iron; Depletion; Weathering

Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chondrites
Trigo-Rodriquez, Josep M.; Rubin, Alan E.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 70,
pp. 1271-1290; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Our examination of nine CM chondrites that span the aqueous alteration sequence leads us to conclude that compact dark
fine mantles surrounding chondrules and inclusions in CM chondrites are not discrete fine-grained rims acquired in the solar
189
nebula as modeled by Metzler et al. [Accretionary dust mantles in CM chondrites: evidence for solar nebula processes.
Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 56, 1992, 2873-28971. Nebular processes that lead to agglomeration produce materials with
porosities far higher than those in the dark mantles. We infer that the mantles were produced from porous nebular materials
on the CM parent asteroid by impact-compaction (a process that produces the lowest porosity adjacent to chondrules and
inclusions). Compaction was followed by aqueous alteration that formed tochilinite, serpentine, Ni-bearing sulfide, and other
secondary products in voids in the interchondrule regions. Metzler et al. reported a correlation between mantle thickness and
the radius of the enclosed object. In Yamato 791 198 we find no correlation when all sizes of central objects and dark lumps
are included but a significant correlation (r(sup 2) = 0.44) if we limit consideration to central objects with radii \g35 microns;
a moderate correlation is also found in QUE 97990. We suggest that impact-induced shear of a plum-pudding-like precursor
produced the observed ‘mantles"; these were shielded from comminution during impact events by the adjacent stronger
chondrules and inclusions. Some mantles in CM chondrites with low degrees of alteration show distinct layers that may largely
reflect differences in porosity. Typically, a gray, uniform inner layer is surrounded by an outer layer consisting of darker
silicates with BSE-bright speckles. The CM-chondrite objects characterized as ‘primary accretionary rocks’ by Metzler et al.
did not form in the nebula, but rather on the parent body. The absence of solar-flare particle tracks and solar-wind-implanted
rare gases in these clasts reflect their lithified nature and low surface/volume ratios during the period when they resided in the
regolith and were subject to irradiation by solar particles. The clasts are analogous to the light-colored metamorphosed clasts
in ordinary-chondrite regolith breccias (which also lack solar-flare particle tracks and solar-wind gas).
Author
Chondrites; Solar Nebula; Dust; Agglomeration; Metamorphism (Geology)

Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic
Composition, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Size
Rubin, Alan E.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 69, No. 20, pp. 4907-4918; In
The properties of ordinary chondrites (OC) reflect both nebular and asteroidal processes. OC are modeled here as having
acquired nebular water, probably contained within phyllosilicates, during agglomeration. This component had high Ai70 and
acted like an oxidizing agent during thermal metamorphism. The nebular origin of this component is consistent with negative
correlations in H, L, and LL chondrites between oxidation state (represented by olivine Fa) and bulk concentration ratios of
elements involved in the metal-silicate fractionation (e.g., NdSi, Ir/Si, Ir/Mn, Ir/Cr, Ir/Mg, Ni/Mg, As/Mg, Ga/Mg). LL
chondrites acquired the greatest abundance of phyllosilicates with high (delta)O-17 among OC (and thus became the most
oxidized group and the one with the heaviest O isotopes); H chondrites acquired the lowest abundance, becoming the most
reduced OC group with the lightest O isotopes. Chondrule precursors may have grown larger and more ferroan with time in
each OC agglomeration zone. Nebular turbulence may have controlled the sizes of chondrule precursors. H-chondrite
chondrules (which are the smallest among OC) formed from the smallest precursors. In each OC region, low-FeO chondrules
formed before high-FeO chondrules during repeated episodes of chondrule formation. During thermal metamorphism,
phyllosilicates were dehydrated; the liberated water oxidized metallic Fe-Ni. This caused correlated changes with petrologic
type including decreases in the modal abundance of metal, increases in olivine Fa and low-Ca pyroxene Fs, increases in the
olivine/pyroxene ratio, and increases in the kamacite Co and Ni contents. As water (with its heavy 0 isotopes) was lost during
metamorphism, inverse correlations between bulk (delta)O-18 and bulk (delta)O-17 with petrologic type were produced. The
H5 chondrites that were ejected from their parent body approx.7.5 Ma ago during a major impact event probably had been
within a few kilometers of each other since they accreted approx.4.5 Ga ago. There are significant differences in the olivine
compositional distributions among these rocks; these reflect stochastic nebular sampling of the oxidant (Le., phyllosilicates
with high (delta)O-17) on a 0.1-1 km scale during agglomeration.
Author
Oxidation; Chondrites; Metamorphism (Geology); Meteoritic Composition; Agglomeration; Pyroxenes; Iron Oxides

Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Shock and Thermal Histories of
Ordinary Chondrites
190
Chromite in ordinary chondrites (OC) can be used as a shock indicator. A survey of 76 equilibrated H, L and LL chondrites
shows that unshocked chromite grains occur in equant, subhedral and rounded morphologies surrounded by silicate or
intergrown with metallic Fe-Ni and/or troilite. Some unmelted chromite grains are fractured or crushed during whole-rock
brecciation. Others are transected by opaque veins; the veins form when impacts cause localized heating of metal-troilite
intergrowths above the Fe-FeS eutectic (988 C), mobilization of metal-troilite melts, and penetration of the melt into fractures
in chromite grains. Chromite-plagioclase assemblages occur in nearly every shock-stage S3-S6 OC; the assemblages range in
size from 20-300 microns and consist of 0.2-20-micron-size euhedral, subhedral, anhedral and rounded chromite grains
surrounded by plagioclase or glass of plagioclase composition. Plagioclase has a low impedance to shock compression. Heat
from shock-melted plagioclase caused adjacent chromite grains to melt; chromite grains crystallized from this melt. Those
chromite grains in the assemblages that are completely surrounded by plagioclase are generally richer in Al2O3, than
unmelted, matrix chromite grains in the same meteorite. Chromite veinlets (typically 0.5-2 microns thick and 10-300 microns
long) occur typically in the vicinity of chromite-plagioclase assemblages. The veinlets formed from chromite-plagioclase
melts that were injected into fractures in neighboring silicate grains; chromite crystallized in the fractures and the residual
plagioclase-rich melt continued to flow, eventually pooling to form plagioclase-rich melt pockets. Chromite-rich chondrules
(consisting mainly of olivine, plagioclase-normative mesostasis, and 5-15 vol.% chromite) occur in many shocked OC and OC
regolith breccias but they are absent from primitive type-3 OC. They may have formed by impact melting chromite,
plagioclase and adjacent mafic silicates during higher-energy shock events. The melt was jetted from the impact site and
formed droplets due to surface tension. Crystallization of these droplets may have commenced in flight, prior to landing on
the parent-body surface. Chromite-plagioclase assemblages and chromite veinlets occur in 25 out of 25 shock-stage S1 OC
of petrologic type 5 and 6 that I examined. Although these rocks contain unstrained olivine with sharp optical extinction, most
possess other shock indicators such as extensive silicate darkening, numerous occurrences of metallic Cu, polycrystalline
troilite, and opaque veins. It seems likely that these rocks were shocked to levels at least as high as shock-stage S3 and then
annealed by heat generated during the shock event. During annealing, the olivine crystal lattices healed but other shock
indicators survived. Published Ar-Ar age data for some SI OC indicate that many shock and annealing events occurred very
early in the history of the parent asteroids. The common occurrence of shocked and annealed OC is consistent with collisions
being a major mechanism responsible for metamorphosing OC.
Author
Chromites; Chondrites; Shock Loads; Interfacial Tension; Mineralogy; Thermal Shock; Plagioclase

Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Type II Chondrules and Limited Overgrowths on Phenocrysts Following the
Final Melting Event
Wasson, John T.; Rubin, Alan E.; Geochimica et Cosmochima Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 67, No. 1,
Type II porphyritic chondrules commonly contain several large (\g40 microns) olivine phenocrysts; furnace-based cooling
rates based on the assumption that these phenocrysts grew in a single-stage melting-cooling event yield chondrule cooling-rate
estimates of 0.01-1 K/s. Because other evidence indicates much higher cooling rates, we examined type 11 chondrules in the
CO3.0 chondrites that have experienced only minimal parent-body alteration. We discovered three kinds of evidence
indicating that only minor (4-10 microns) olivine growth occurred after the final melting event: (1) Nearly all (\g90%) type
II chondrules in CO3.0 chondrites contain low-FeO relict grains; overgrowths on these relicts are narrow, in the range of 2-12
microns. (2) Most type II chondrules contain some FeO-rich olivine grains with decurved surfaces and acute angles between
faces indicating that the grains are fragments from an earlier generation of chondrules; the limited overgrowth thicknesses
following the last melting event are too thin to disguise the shard-like nature of these grains. (3) Most type II chondrules
contain many small (\h20 microns) euhedral or subhedral phenocrysts with central compositions that are much more ferroan
than the centers of the large phenocrysts; their small sizes document the small amount of growth that occurred after the final
melting event. If overgrowth thicknesses were small (4-10 microns) after the final melting event, it follows that large fractions
of coarse (\g40 microns) high-FeO phenocrysts are relicts from earlier generations of chondrules, and that cooling rates after
the last melting event were much more rapid than indicated by models based on a single melting event. These observations
are thus inconsistent with the ‘classic’ igneous model of formation of type II porphyritic chondrules by near-total melting of
a precursor mix followed by olivine nucleation on a very limited number of nuclei (say, \h10) and by growth to produce the
large phenocrysts during a period of monotonic (and roughly linear) cooling. Our observations that recycled chondrule
191
materials constitute a large component of the phenocrysts of type II chondrules also imply that this kind of chondrule formed
relatively late during the chondrule-forming period.
Author
Iron Oxides; Meteoritic Composition; Petrology; Chondrites; Estimates; Chondrule
20060049208 Rice Univ., Houston, TX USA

Detecting Periodic Components in a White Gaussian Time Series
Chiu, Shean-Tsong; Sep 1986; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-85-K-0212; N00014-85-K-0100
Report No.(s): AD-A453917; TR-86-23; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453917; Avail.: CASI:
A03, Hardcopy
A family of tests for periodic components in a white Gaussian series is proposed. The test is based on a statistic which
is proportional to the ratio of the maximum periodogram to the trimmed mean of the periodograms. The asymptotic
distribution of the statistic is obtained. It is shown that the test proposed and Fisher’s test have the same asymptotic powers
at the alternative hypotheses that the series contains a single periodic component at a non-zero Fourier frequency. The tests
are applied to detect the eigenfrequencies of the Earth. The proposed test detects some peaks that Fisher’s test fails to detect.
DTIC
Asymptotic Series; Detection; Fourier Transformation; Periodic Variations; Time Series Analysis; Vibration

Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimization
Symes, William W; Carazzone, J J; Aug 1989; 34 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-85-K-0725; N00014-89-J-1115
Report No.(s): AD-A454934; TR-89-8; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
We introduce an approach to velocity and reflectivity estimation based on optimizing the coherence of multiple
shot-gathering inversions of reflection seismograms. The resulting algorithm appears to avoid severe convergence difficulties
reported for output (nonlinear) least- squares inversion. We describe in detail an algorithm appropriate for plane-layered
acoustic models, using the convolutional approximation to the plane-wave (p-tau) seismogram. We give theoretical and
numerical evidence that coherency optimization, as defined here, yields stable and reasonably accurate estimates of both
velocity trend and reflectivity, by exploiting reflection phase moveout and amplitudes in a computationally efficient way. We
demonstrate that the approach may be applied to field data by extracting velocity and reflectivity estimates from a Gulf of
Mexico marine data set. Finally we explain briefly how the approach may be modified to determine elastic models and source
parameters as well as to determine laterally heterogeneous models.
DTIC
Algorithms; Inversions; Reflectance
20060050061 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA, California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA, California Univ., Los
Angeles, CA, USA, California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA
Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous-chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Melt Asteroids
McKeegan, Kevin D.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 68, No. 13,
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-12898; NSF-EAR 01-13563; NSF-EAR-00-74076; Copyright; Avail.: Other
Sources
We report Mg-26 excesses correlated with Al/Mg ratios in five chondrules from the primitive CO3.0 chondrite Yamato
81020 that yield a mean initial Al-26/Al-27 ratio of only (3.8 +/- 0.7) x 10(exp -6) about half that of ordinary chondrite
(OC)chondrules. Even if asteroids formed immediately after chondrule formation, this ratio and the mean Al content of CO
chondrites is only capable of raising the temperature of a well-insulated CO asteroid to 940 K, which is more than 560 K too
low to produce differentiation. The same ratio combined with the higher Al content of CV chondrites results in a CV asteroid
temperature of 1100 K. We calculate that the mean initial Al-26/Al-27 ratio of about 7.4 x 10(exp -6) found in LL chondrules
is only able to produce small amounts of melting, too little to produce differentiation. These results cast serious doubt on the
viability of Al-26 as the heat source responsible for asteroid differentiation. Inclusion of raises temperatures about 160 K, but
192
this increment is not enough to cause differentiation, even of an LL-chondrite asteroid.
Author
Carbonaceous Chondrites; Heat Sources; Meteoritic Composition; Melting; Chondrule; Aluminum Isotopes; Magnesium
Isotopes
47
METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
Includes weather observation forecasting and modification.
20060048229 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Rockville, MD USA

NOAA’s Environmental Data Management: Integrating the Pieces
Mar. 2006; 86 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-110558; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have made improvements to the planning, acquisition,
archive, and dissemination of Earth environmental data, including data on the atmosphere, ocean, and land. NOAA adopted
a structure of four Mission Goals and a Support Mission Goal around which work is planned and organized. NOAA created
an enterprise-wide method for planning and evaluating observation and data requirements, and established the NOAA
Observing Systems Council (NOSC) to oversee observing systems, data, and information management and planning
enterprise-wide. The NOSC formed the Data Management Committee (DMC) to coordinate the development and
implementation of data management policy across NOAA. The DMC addresses issues and opportunities requiring
coordination among NOAA’s Goals and Line Offices, and sponsored this report.
NTIS
Data Integration; Data Management; Management Systems
20060048230 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA

KEO Mooring Engineering Analysis
Lawrence-Slavas, N.; Meinig, C.; Milburn, H.; Jun. 2006; 38 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-114273; NOAA/TM/OAR/PMEL-130; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Ser-
vice (NTIS)
As a contribution to the global network of Ocean SITES time series reference sites a Kuroshio Extension Observatory
(KEO) mooring was deployed by NOAA/PMEL in the recirculation gyre in June 2004. The low-cost KEO mooring includes
a suite of meteorological, chemical, subsurface, and engineering instrumentation reporting in real time. The mooring was
designed to withstand the strong and deep western boundary currents, and the harsh surface conditions found in the Kuroshio
Extension region. The observatory returned near 100% data return for 18 months, providing an important data set in an area
that is sparsely sampled and has the largest air-sea fluxes in the Pacific. On 6 November 2005, in relatively benign conditions,
the KEO buoy broke loose from its mooring and fortuitously was recovered 2 days later. Post failure inspection of the mooring
line revealed the mooring had parted in the middle of a continuous section of inch nylon, 300 m below the lower terminus
of the jacketed wire rope, approximately 1000 m below the surface. Additionally, analysis of the load cell data exposed
concerning patterns of shock loading throughout the deployment period. This report focuses on the KEO mooring design and
failure analysis. The wealth of environmental and engineering data available for this mooring gave PMEL engineers a rare
opportunity to compare model results with actual observations.
NTIS
Mooring; Oceanography

Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Meteorological Parameters STS-1 Through STS-107
Overbey, B. G.; Roberts, B. C.; September 2005; 520 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2005-214189; M-1151; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048254; Avail.:
CASI: A22, Hardcopy
During the 113 missions of the Space Transportation System (STS) to date, the Space Shuttle fleet has been exposed to
the elements on the launch pad for approx. 4,195 days. The Natural Environments Branch at Marshall Space Flight Center
archives atmospheric environments to which the Space Shuttle vehicles are exposed. This Technical Memorandum (TM)
provides a summary of the historical record of the meteorological conditions encountered by the Space Shuttle fleet during
193
the pad exposure period. Parameters included in this TM are temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, sea
level pressure, and precipitation. Extremes for each of these parameters for each mission are also summarized. Sources for the
data include meteorological towers and hourly surface observations. Data are provided from the first launch of the STS in 1981
through the launch of STS-107 in 2003.
Author
Space Transportation System; Space Shuttles; Humidity; Wind Velocity; Wind Direction; Sea Level; Meteorological
Parameters; Exposure
20060048665 Virginia Inst. of Marine Science, Gloucester Point, VA USA

Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four
Breakwater Systems
Hardaway ,Jr , C S; Milligan, D A\g; Wilcox, C A; Meneghini, L M; Thomas, G R; Comer, T R; Jul 2006; 67 pp.; In English;
Report No.(s): AD-A453291; ERDC/CHL-CR-06-1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453291;
The use of breakwaters for shore protection on the Chesapeake Bay has increased over the past 15 years. A multiyear
project evaluates post-construction data collected for 41 of these breakwaters and surrounding area including elevation
surveys, vegetation, surveys, hydrodynamic analysis and photographs. This information is being accumulated into a database
that will be available for evaluation and design reference and to aid in development of design guidance for short-fetch,
shallow-water environments of the Chesapeake Bay and similar estuaries. In Fiscal Year 2003, six sites around the bay were
chosen for detailed analysis. These surveys were conducted during the months of August and September. Shortly after these
surveys were completed, Category 2 Hurricane Isabel hit the area on September 19, 2003. Post-hurricane surveys were
immediately conducted at four of the six sites, and the data sets were included in the database. Analysis of these data sets
indicates the breakwaters provided significant protection to the land in the lee of the breakwaters and that the structures
experienced little or no damage. Additionally, the sand introduced into the sediment budget as a result of the storm cutting
into the banks of adjacent unprotected properties may have enhanced the breakwater systems by accelerating the equilibrium
beach-building process. This report presents the results of the pre- and post-hurricane breakwater evaluation.
DTIC
Breakwaters; Chesapeake Bay (US); Data Bases; Hurricanes
20060048746 Naval Research Lab., Monterey, CA USA

WindSat Applications for Weather Forecasters and Data Assimilation
Lee, Thomas; Goerss, James; Hawkins, Jeffrey; Turk, Joseph; Jelenak, Zorana; Chang, Paul; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English;
Hardcopy
This paper examines WindSat wind retrievals from two perspectives. The first is a statistical analysis, comparing both
WindSat and QuikSCAT to model output. The second is an analysis geared toward weather forecasters based on individual
case studies.
DTIC
Assimilation; Data Processing; Forecasting
20060048758 Desert Research Inst., Reno, NV USA

Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propagation and Global Modeling
Hallett, John; Bailey, Matt; Feb 21, 2006; 75 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Laser beam propagation through the earth’s atmosphere is influenced by absorption and scattering by ice crystals as occur
in cirrus clouds. New instruments (cloudscopes) and laboratory chambers (thermal diffusion, fall tower) have been designed
and built to characterize and simulate such crystals to measure absorption and scatter of laser beams. The cloudscope,
deployed for aircraft or laboratory use, collects and video-records to crystals to provide a measure of their size, habit,
concentration and also density by evaporating the particles after collection. This procedure also reveals their inner structure
194
and the presence of any impurity. These investigations provide protocols for aircraft sampling and analysis of cirrus particles
to be analyzed in real-time. This provides input for regional scale models of ice crystal evolution in terms of temperature,
supersaturation and fall velocity, resulting in prediction of habits following growth, melt and evaporation and their likely
optical properties.
DTIC
Characterization; Earth Atmosphere; Laser Beams; Lasers

Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor in the Tropical Transition Layer
Smith, Jamison A.; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Jensen, Eric J.; Toon, Owen B.; Geophysical Research Letters; March 23, 2006;
ISSN 0094-8276; Volume 33; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1375; NAG5-11474; NNG04GK37G
Report No.(s): Paper-2005GL024078; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
The transport of H2O and HDO within deep convection is investigated with 3-D large eddy simulations (LES) using bin
microphysics. The lofting and sublimation of HDO-rich ice invalidate the Rayleigh fractionation model of isotopologue
distribution within deep convection. Bootstrapping the correlation of the ratio of HDO to H2O (deltaD) to water vapor mixing
ratio (q(sub v)) through a sequence of convective events produced non-Rayleigh correlations resembling observations. These
results support two mechanisms for stratospheric entry. Deep convection can inject air with water vapor of stratospheric
character directly into the tropical transition layer (TTL). Alternatively, moister air detraining from convection may be
dehydrated via cirrus formation n the TTL to produce stratospheric water vapor. Significant production of subsaturated air in
the TTL via convective dehydration is not observed in these simulations, nor is it necessary to resolve the stratospheric isotope
paradox.
Author
Tropical Regions; Water Vapor; Convection Currents; Air Currents; Isotope Ratios

Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulonimbus Clouds
Jensen, E. J.; Ackerman, A. S.; Geophysical Research Letters; Apr. 20, 2006; ISSN 0094-8276; Volume 33; 5 pp.; In English;
Report No.(s): Paper-2005GL024928; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Numerical simulations of deep, intense continental tropical convection indicate that when the cloud tops extend more than
a few kilometers above the liquid water homogeneous freezing level, ice nucleation due to freezing of entrained aqueous
sulfate aerosols generates large concentrations of small crystals (diameters less than approx. equal to 20 micrometers). The
small crystals produced by aerosol freezing have the largest impact on cloud-top ice concentration for convective clouds with
strong updrafts but relatively low aerosol concentrations. An implication of this result is that cloud-top ice concentrations in
high anvil cirrus can be controlled primarily by updraft speeds in the tops of convective plumes and to a lesser extent by
aerosol concentrations in the uppermost troposphere. While larger crystals precipitate out and sublimate in subsaturated air
below, the population of small crystals can persist in the saturated uppermost troposphere for many hours, thereby prolonging
the lifetime of remnants from anvil cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer.
Author
Aerosols; Cumulonimbus Clouds; Freezing; High Altitude; Tropical Regions; Homogeneity
20060049077 Microwave Remote Sensing Consultants, Cocoa Beach, FL USA

Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer
Adams, Ian S; Hennon, Christopther C; Jones, W L; Ahmad, Khalil; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
WindSat is the world’s first microwave polarimetric radiometer, designed to measure ocean vector winds. In late 2004,
the first preliminary oceanic wind vector results were released, and this paper presents the first evaluation of this product for
several Atlantic hurricanes during the 2003 season. Both wind speed and wind direction comparisons will be made with
surface wind analysis (H*Wind) developed by the NOAA Hurricane Research Division (HRD) and provided by the NOAA
National Hurricane Center (NHC). Examples are presented where HRD aircraft flights were conducted within several hours
195
of the WindSat overpass. These H*Wind surface wind analyses provide the most complete independent surface winds
comparison data set available. Both WindSat retrieved wind speeds and wind directions are evaluated (against H*Wind) as
a function of storm quadrant. To complement the analysis, rain rates were derived using WindSat brightness temperatures with
a modified version of the TMI 2A12 heritage rain algorithm. Effects of rain on the derived wind speeds and directions are
discussed.
DTIC
Estimates; Hurricanes; Polarimetry; Radiometers; Satellite Imagery; Wind Direction; Wind Velocity
20060049272 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, San Diego, CA USA
Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern California Desert
Barrios, A E; Anderson, K D; Lindem, Ge E; Aug 1, 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454045; SPAWAR-TR-1945; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454045; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This report analyzes very high frequency signal strength data from two Naval Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
weather radio transmitters located in southern California and southwestern Arizona over a wide range of topography ranging
from relatively flat to mountainous terrain. Meteorological information was obtained from local radiosonde measurement
stations at Miramar (NKX) and Yuma Proving Ground (1Y7). These data are used as the basis for a validation study of the
Advanced Propagation Model (APM) to determine its applicability for low-altitude mobile radio communications applications
over terrain. The APM performs very well for low-altitude propagation over terrain and at least as well as the widely used
diffraction model, Terrain Integrated Rough Earth Model (TIREM), under standard conditions. The APM performs better when
variable refractivity data are available.
DTIC
Deserts; High Frequencies; Meteorological Parameters; Very High Frequencies

Assessment of Shore Protection Project Performance Following the 2004 Hurricane Season
Curtis, William R; Jan 2006; 4 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
During the 2004 hurricane season, four hurricanes made landfall within the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers’ (USACE)
South Atlantic Division. The season was extraordinary considering that these multiple storms were geographically clustered
over a 6-week time frame. Hurricane Charley made landfall on the southwest coast of Florida on August 13, 2004. Hurricane
Ivan made landfall near Gulf Shores, Alabama, on September 16, 2004. Hurricane Frances came ashore on the central east
coast of Florida on September 5, 2004 and was followed by Hurricane Jeanne on September 25, 2004 with a nearly identical
point of landfall. Cumulatively, these storms caused varying degrees of wind, wave, inundation and erosion damage in the
vicinity of numerous Federal and non-Federal shore protection projects. The Military Construction Appropriations and
Emergency Hurricane Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2005 (Public Law 108-324) was passed in response to these unusual
occurrences. It authorized an assessment of shore protection project performance and provided emergency supplemental funds
to both the Construction, General and Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies Program accounts for emergency repairs to
flood control and Federally authorized shore protection projects. The assessment of project performance, known as the Shore
Protection Project Performance Improvement Initiative (S3P2I), is an $11 million program to evaluate the full spectrum of
project performance including economic, environmental, physical response, and social effects. The program’s mandate is
evaluation of performance, not policy, although it supports companion USACE efforts to clearly define the Federal role in
coastal management, including shore protection, with a focus on improving frameworks for project formulation, design, and
decision support.
DTIC
Coasts; Damage; Hurricanes; Prevention; Protection
20060049314 California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA USA

Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Estimate Ocean Wind Fields
Vesecky, John F; Drake, Jessica; Laws, Kenneth; Ludwig, Frank L; Teague, Calvin C; Paduan, Jeffery D; Meadows, Lorelle;
Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
196
As indicated by growing deployments world wide, HF radar is an increasingly important tool for mapping coastal surface
currents. It has been used to determine wind direction. We report further on the ability of multifrequency HF radar to measure
the vector wind field and the impact that such measurements have on the measurement of wind fields over coastal land and
sea. In this study, we use a year-long 2000-2001 data set collected over Monterey Bay, California. Our Multifrequency Coastal
Radars (MCRs) operated at 4.8, 6.8, 13.4 and 21.8 MHz, measuring currents at effective depths of about 2.5, 1.8, 0.9 and 0.6
m respectively. For training and validation we use the M-1 buoy deployed by Francisco Chavez at the Monterey Bay Aquarium
Research Institute. Validation results over the year time span indicate standard errors of prediction of 1.7 m/s for wind speed
and 25 for direction with biases of 0.1 m/s and 0.3 respectively. We discuss limitations of this technique at low wind speeds.
Finally, we present a regional wind field assimilating HF radar estimates and demonstrate the beneficial impact of
multifrequency HF radar, wind field measurements, on estimation of the coastal wind field over both land and sea.
DTIC
Meteorological Radar; Oceans; Radar; Velocity Distribution; Wind (Meteorology); Wind Direction; Wind Velocity
20060049346 Geological Survey, Pembroke, NH USA

Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs for Coos County, New Hampshire
Flynn, Robert H; Jan 2006; 76 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454274; OPEN FILE REPORT 2006-1200; No Copyright; ONLINE:
This report was prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) New Hampshire/Vermont Water Science Center for
scoping of flood-hazard mapping needs for Coos County, New Hampshire, under Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) Inter-Agency agreement Number HSFE01-05X-0018. This section of the report explains the objective of the task and
the purpose of the reports. FEMA is embarking on a map modernization program nationwide to: 1. Gather and develop updated
data for all flood prone areas in support of flood plain management. 2. Provide maps and data in a digital format for the
improvement in the efficiency and precision of the mapping program. 3. Integrate FEMA’s community and state partners into
the mapping process. One of the priorities for FEMA, Region 1, is to develop updated Digital Flood Insurance Rate Maps
(DFIRMs) and Flood Insurance Studies (FIS) for Coos County, New Hampshire. The information provided in this report will
be used to develop the scope for the first phase of a multiyear project that will ultimately result in the production of new
DFIRMs and FIS for the communities and flooding sources in Coos County. The average age of the FEMA flood plain maps
in Coos County, New Hampshire is 20 years. Most of these studies were computed in the mid 1970s to the mid 1980s.
However, in the ensuing 20-30 years, development has occurred in many of the watersheds, and the rivers and streams and
their flood plains have changed with time. In addition, as development has occurred, the peak flooding has increased
downstream of the development due to increased flows from impervious surfaces. Therefore, many of the older studies may
not depict current conditions nor accurately estimate risk in terms of flood heights. Coos County gained 544 residents between
2000 and 2005. This represents a growth of 1.6 percent compared to 6.0 percent for the state as a whole.
DTIC
Disasters; Flood Plains; Hazards; Mapping; New Hampshire
20060049458 New Brunswick Univ., Fredericton, New Brunswick Canada

Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain during Manual Work in Cold Weather
Geurts, Carla L M; Cheung, Stephen S; May 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Cardiovascular System; Cold Weather; Thermal Stresses

Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frostbite during Exposure to Cold Winds
Ducharme, Michel B; Brajkovic, Dragan; May 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Cold Tolerance; Exposure; Frostbite; Risk; Wind Effects
197
Effect of the Forearm Tissue Temperature on the Cold Induced Vasodilation
Ducharme, M B; Sessler, D I; Doufas, A; Greif, R; May 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Cold Weather; Forearm; Vasodilation
20060049627 Washington Univ., Seattle, WA USA

Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts
Berrocal, Veronica J; Raftery, Adrian E; Gneiting, Tilmann; Feb 22, 2006; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Forecast ensembles typically show a spread-skill relationship, but they are also often underdispersive, and therefore
uncalibrated. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a statistical postprocessing method for forecast ensembles that generates
calibrated probabilistic forecast products for weather quantities at individual sites. This paper introduces the Spatial BMA
technique, which combines BMA and the geostatistical output perturbation (GOP) method, and extends BMA to generate
calibrated probabilistic forecasts of whole weather fields simultaneously, rather than just weather events at individual
locations. At any site individually, Spatial BMA reduces to the original BMA technique. The Spatial BMA method provides
statistical ensembles of weather field forecasts that take the spatial structure of observed fields into account and honor the
flow-dependent information contained in the dynamical ensemble. The members of the Spatial BMA ensemble are obtained
by dressing the weather field forecasts from the dynamical ensemble with simulated spatially correlated error fields, in
proportions that correspond to the BMA weights for the member models in the dynamical ensemble. Statistical ensembles of
any size can be generated at minimal computational costs. The Spatial BMA technique was applied to 48-h forecasts of surface
temperature over the North American Pacific Northwest in 2004, using the University of Washington mesoscale ensemble. The
Spatial BMA ensemble generally outperformed the BMA and GOP ensembles and showed much better verification results than
the raw ensemble, both at individual sites, for weather field forecasts, and for forecasts of composite quantities, such as
average temperature in National Weather Service forecast zones and minimum temperature along the Interstate 90 Mountains
to Sound Greenway.
DTIC
Forecasting; Probability Theory; Spatial Distribution; Statistical Weather Forecasting

Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Averaging
Sloughter, J M; Raftery, Adrian E; Gneiting, Tilmann; Feb 24, 2006; 24 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-10745
Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a statistical way of postprocessing forecast ensembles to create predictive probability
density functions (PDFs) for weather quantities. It represents the predictive PDF as a weighted average of PDFs centered on
the individual bias-corrected forecasts, where the weights are posterior probabilities of the models generating the forecasts and
reflect the forecasts relative contributions to predictive skill over a training period. It was developed initially for quantities
whose PDFs can be approximated by normal distributions, such as temperature and sea-level pressure. BMA does not apply
in its original form to precipitation, because the predictive PDF of precipitation is nonnormal in two major ways: it has a
positive probability of being equal to zero, and it is skewed. Here we extend BMA to probabilistic quantitative precipitation
forecasting. The predictive PDF corresponding to one ensemble member is a mixture of a discrete component at zero and a
gamma distribution. Unlike methods that predict the probability of exceeding a threshold, BMA gives a full probability
distribution for future precipitation. The method was applied to daily 48-h forecasts of 24-h accumulated precipitation in the
US Pacific Northwest in 2003 2004 using the University of Washington mesoscale ensemble. It yielded predictive distributions
that were calibrated and sharp. It also gave probability of precipitation (PoP) forecasts that were much better calibrated than
those based on consensus voting of the ensemble members.
DTIC
Bayes Theorem; Forecasting; Mathematical Models; Precipitation (Meteorology); Probability Density Functions
198
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-FACE: An Analysis of Convective
Transport and Entrainment using Observations and a Cloud-Resolving Model
Lopez, Jimena P.; Fridlind, Ann M.; Jost, Hans-Juerg; Loewenstein, Max; Ackerman, Andrew S.; Campos, Teresa L.;
Weinstock, Elliot M.; Sayres, David S.; Smith, Jessica B.; Pittman, Jasna V., et al.; Journal of Geophysical Research; May 6,
2006; ISSN 0148-0227; Volume 111; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1375; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Convective systems are an important mechanism in the transport of boundary layer air into the upper troposphere. The
Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) campaign,
in July 2002, was developed as a comprehensive atmospheric mission to improve knowledge of subtropical cirrus systems and
their roles in regional and global climate. In situ measurements of carbon monoxide (CO), water vapor (H2Ov), and total water
(H2Ot) aboard NASA’s WB-57F aircraft and CO aboard the U.S. Navy’s Twin Otter aircraft were obtained to study the role
of convective transport. Three flights sampled convective outflow on 11, 16 and 29 July found varying degrees of CO
enhancement relative to the free troposphere. A cloud-resolving model used the in situ observations and meteorological fields
to study these three systems. Several methods of filtering the observations were devised here using ice water content, relative
humidity with respect to ice, and particle number concentration as a means to statistically sample the model results to represent
the flight tracks. A weighted histogram based on ice water content observations was then used to sample the simulations for
the three flights. In addition, because the observations occurred in the convective outflow cirrus and not in the storm cores,
the model was used to estimate the maximum CO within the convective systems. In general, anvil-level air parcels contained
an estimated 20-40% boundary layer air in the analyzed storms.
Author
Carbon Monoxide; Convection; Anvil Clouds; Atmospheric Models; Clouds (Meteorology); Tropical Regions; Cirrus Clouds;
Climatology

Examination of the Armagh Observatory Annual Mean Temperature Record, 1844-2004
Wilson, Robert M.; Hathaway, David H.; July 2006; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): NASA/TP-2006-214434; M-1166; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050130; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The long-term annual mean temperature record (1844-2004) of the Armagh Observatory (Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK)
is examined for evidence of systematic variation, in particular, as related to solar/geomagnetic forcing and secular variation.
Indeed, both are apparent in the temperature record. Moving averages for 10 years of temperature are found to highly correlate
against both 10-year moving averages of the aa-geomagnetic index and sunspot number, having correlation coefficients of
approx. 0.7, inferring that nearly half the variance in the 10-year moving average of temperature can be explained by
solar/geomagnetic forcing. The residuals appear episodic in nature, with cooling seen in the 1880s and again near 1980. Seven
of the last 10 years of the temperature record has exceeded 10 C, unprecedented in the overall record. Variation of sunspot
cyclic averages and 2-cycle moving averages of temperature strongly associate with similar averages for the solar/geomagnetic
cycle, with the residuals displaying an apparent 9-cycle variation and a steep rise in temperature associated with cycle 23. Hale
cycle averages of temperature for even-odd pairs of sunspot cycles correlate against similar averages for the solar/geomagnetic
cycle and, especially, against the length of the Hale cycle. Indications are that annual mean temperature will likely exceed 10
C over the next decade.
Author
Observatories; Temperature; Climate Change; Geomagnetism; Earth Sciences
20060050134 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA

NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission Ground Validation Segment
Schwaller, Mathew R; Proceedings of the IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (25th) (IGARSS
2005); Jul 25, 2005; Volume 6, pp. 4120-4123; In English; IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
(25th) (IGARSS 2005, 25-29 July 2005, Seoul, Korea, Republic of; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453529; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453529; Avail.: Other Sources
NASA is designing a Ground Validation Segment (GVS) as one of its contributions to the Global Precipitation
Measurement (GPM) mission. The GPM GVS provides an independent means for evaluation, diagnosis, and ultimately
improvement of the GPM spaceborne measurements and precipitation products. NASA’s GPM GVS concept calls for a
combination of direct observations executed within a Multidimensional Observing Volume (MOV) and model-based analyses
199
executed by a Satellite Simulator Model (SSM). The MOV consists of ground-based instruments that measure local surface
and atmospheric properties required for GPM validation. The SSM utilizes MOV measurements in a forward numerical model.
The goal of the SSM forward modeling is calculation of the following properties: top-of-atmosphere microwave radiative
quantities to within sensor noise of those measured by the GPM Core Satellite, precipitation quantities identical to those
generated by the standard GPM precipitation retrieval algorithms, and quantitative/objective error estimates of both sets of
quantities. At present, the GVS is in the early design stage and various scenarios have been generated to assess how it will
be used in the GPM era. The GPM GVS will be operational in the year prior to the launch of the GPM core satellite, which
has a launch date scheduled for December 2010.
Author
Ground Truth; Measurement; Precipitation (Meteorology)
WRSM Operations Concept
Sniffin, Robert W.; [2005]; 5 pp.; In English; WRSM Working Group Ground System Architecture Workshop, 2 Mar. 2005,
Manhattan Beach, CA, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE:
http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39681; Avail.: Other Sources
The Weather-Related Service Management (WSRM) operations concept is presented. The topics include: 1) X & Ka-band
Link Comparison; 2) Justification for WRSM; 3) Operations Concept; and 4) External Interactions.
CASI
Weather Forecasting; Earth Atmosphere; Data Acquisition; Statistical Analysis
20060050240 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO USA

Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Ground Validation for TRMM and GPM
Gage, Kenneth S; Williams, Christopher R; Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Symposium Proceedings (25th) (IGARSS 2005); Jul. 25, 2005; Volume 6, pp. 4116-4119; In English; See also ADM001850,
2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (25th) (IGARSS 2005), 25-29 July 2005, Seoul, South
Korea; Original contains color illustrations
Realistic simulation of the hydrologic cycle in global climate models remains a difficult challenge since climate models
cannot resolve convective systems. Only satellites can provide global precipitation estimates needed to validate global climate
models. The algorithms used to relate precipitation estimates to satellite observables require ground-based observations for
development and validation purposes. In this paper we outline how profilers can be used in combination with other ground
based instruments to support the retrieval of precipitation estimates from satellites. The profilers provide quantitative
information on the vertical structure and temporal variability of reflectivity and precipitation parameters related to drop-size
distributions (DSD) that are essential for quantitative precipitation estimation. The profilers are most naturally calibrated by
reference to a collocated disdrometer and are in turn useful for providing calibration for scanning radars. The use of profilers
for ground validation is illustrated by examples drawn from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Ground
Validation field campaigns and the Global Precipitation (GPM) Front Range Pilot Project conducted in Colorado in 2004.
Author
Ground Truth; Models; Multisensor Applications; TRMM Satellite
48
OCEANOGRAPHY
Includes the physical, chemical and biological aspects of oceans and seas; ocean dynamics; and marine resources. For related
information see also 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing.
20060050239 National Environmental Satellite Service, Camp Springs, MD USA

In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Color and Aerosol Products
Wang, Menghua; Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium Proceedings (25th)
(IGARSS 2005); Jul 25, 2005; Volume 6, pp. 4146-4149; In English; See also ADM001850, 2005 IEEE International
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (25th) (IGARSS 2005), 25-29 July 2005, Seoul, South Korea, Korea, Republic
of; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNG04HZ22C; NNG04GE05A
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It is well known that, to accurately retrieve the spectrum of the water-leaving radiance and derive the ocean color products
from satellite sensors, a vicarious calibration procedure, which performs sensor in-orbit calibration for a whole system (the
sensor and algorithms) is necessary. Both Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) have employed in-orbit vicarious calibration procedure that uses the in situ
measurements with the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY) in the waters off Hawaii. Such method can also be applied to vicarious
inter-calibrate other sensors. In addition to the ocean color products, aerosol optical property data over ocean are routinely
retrieved from both SeaWiFS and MODIS measurements. The aerosol retrieval algorithm uses radiances measured at two
near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, at which the ocean appears black due to strong absorption by water, to estimate the aerosol
optical properties and extrapolate these into the visible. The spectral information from two band measurements is used to
retrieve the most appropriate aerosol models. With the derived aerosol models, the aerosol optical thickness can then be
estimated using the measured signal at 865 nm. In this paper, I outline the procedure for the in-orbit sensor vicarious
calibration for the ocean color and aerosol products. Simulations that demonstrate the effectiveness of the vicarious calibration
method on the derived ocean color and aerosol products are presented and discussed. Results of sensitivity studies that show
effects of the calibration error at 865 nm, appropriateness of aerosol models, and the solar-sensor viewing geometry on the
accuracy of the retrieved ocean color and aerosol optical properties are presented.
Author
Accuracy; Aerosols; Calibrating; Water Color
51
LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to plant and animal biology (non-human); ecology; microbiology; and also the origin,
development, structure, and maintenance of animals and plants in space and related environmental conditions. For specific topics in life
sciences see categories 52 through 55.

Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nanotubes: Ethical Implications and Human Risk Assessment
James, John T.; October 12, 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Nanotechnology Symposium, 11-12 Oct. 2006, Evanston, IL, USA;
Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048510; Avail.: CASI: A03,
Hardcopy
Presentation viewgraphs review the health considerations of working with and manufacturing Carbon Nanotubes. The
inherent toxicity of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNT) are reviewed, and how the preparation of the SWNTs are
reviewed. The experimental protocol that was used is reviewed, and the results in lungs of rodents are shown. The presentation
ends with posing the ethical questions in reference to the manufacture and use of carbon nanotubes.
CASI
Carbon Nanotubes; Health; Manufacturing; Risk; Toxicity; Lungs; Occupational Diseases; Toxic Hazards; Hazardous
Materials
20060048602 Howard Univ., Washington, DC USA

Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes
Day, Agnes A; Stubbs, John; Das, Rina; Jett, Marti; Oct 2005; 43 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-01-1-0268
Hardcopy
The DOD funded HBCU/MI Partnership Training award entitled ‘Breast Cancer in African American Women: Molecular
Analysis of Differences in Incidence and Outcomes’ continues to provide quality research experiences to faculty and students
and has developed into a highly rewarding collaboration that has expanded from the original 2 faculty at HUCC to include
6 experienced faculty and multiple students. At WRAIR, the original 2 has increased to include 3 new researchers and
numerous support staff and students. We have had a total of 9 animal handling workshops attended by students and faculty
interested in cancer research, several workshops on establishment of the various stages (virgin, pregnant and lactating) of
normal breast organ cultures, workshop on imaging of live animals using luminescent-tagged cells, as well as small group
collaborations/meetings on genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics. As a result of participating in our various workshops
sponsored by this training grant, especially the in vivo imaging of live animals, Dr. Paul Wang was successful in receiving
an HBCU-MI partnership grant from CDMRP-BCRP aimed at bringing this technology to Howard University. These
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workshops have been very popular with faculty and students performing both cancer and other basic science research.
Additionally, our previous reports have detailed the presentation of four workshops on Grantsmanship, Grant Writing and
Writing Successful Animal Protocols. We have amassed a multidisciplinary core of students, post-doctoral fellows and faculty
who are poised to perform several collaborative studies on breast, and other cancers, as a result of training received from this
program. We have jointly produced manuscripts yearly, made key presentations at conferences, published numerous abstracts
and continue to expand the original specific aims of the proposal.
DTIC
Africa; Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands
20060048603 Monash Univ., Clayton, Australia

Associations Between Responses to the Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen of Plasmodium falciparum and
Immunity to Malaria Infection
Topolska, Agnieszka E; Richie, Thomas L; Nhan, Doan H; Coppel, Ross L; Jun 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DK-32094
Hardcopy
Rhoptry proteins participate in the invasion of red blood cells by merozoites during the malaria parasite’s asexual-stage
cycle. Interference with the rhoptry protein function has been shown to prevent invasion, and three rhoptry proteins have been
suggested as potential components of a vaccine against malaria. Rhoptry associated membrane antigen (RAMA) is a 170-kDa
protein of Plasmodium falciparum which is processed to a 60-kDa mature form in the rhoptries. p60/RAMA is discharged from
rhoptries of free merozoites and binds to the red-cell membrane before being internalized to form part of the parasitophorous
vacuole of the newly developing ring. We examined the range of anti-RAMA responses in individuals living in an area of
endemicity for malaria and determined its association with clinical immunity. RAMA is immunogenic during infections, and
at least three epitopes within RAMA are recognized by hyperimmune sera in immunoblots. Sera from individuals living in a
region of Vietnam where malaria is endemic possessed strong antibody responses toward two C-terminal regions of RAMA.
Cytophilic antibody isotypes (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] and IgG3) predominated in humoral responses to both C-terminal
epitopes. Acute episodes of P. falciparum infection result in significant boosting of levels of antibody to an epitope at the
extreme C terminus of RAMA that harbors the red-cell-binding domain. Immunity to P. falciparum infection was linked to
elevated levels of IgG3 responses to this functional domain of RAMA, suggesting that the region may contain a protective
epitope useful for inclusion in a multiepitope vaccine against malaria.
DTIC
Antibodies; Antigens; Immune Systems; Infectious Diseases; Membranes; Parasitic Diseases

Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Uncertainty and Variability in Biological Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic
Model
Banks, H T; Potter, Laura K; Sep 13, 2002; 42 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Population variability and uncertainty are important features of biological systems that must be considered when
developing mathematical models for these systems. In this paper we present probability-based parameter estimation methods
that account for such variability and uncertainty. Theoretical results that establish well-posedness and stability for these
methods are discussed. A probabilistic parameter estimation technique is then applied to a toxicokinetic model for
trichloroethylene using several types of simulated data. Comparison with results obtained using a standard, deterministic
parameter estimation method suggests that the probabilistic methods are better able to capture population variability and
uncertainty in model parameters. Key words: Parameter estimation, biological modeling, population variability, model
uncertainty, toxicokinetics, trichloroethylene
DTIC
Bionics; Toxicology; Variability
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20060048610 Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD USA
Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccine Plasmids in Mixtures
Sedegah, M; Charoenvit, Y; Minh, L; Belmonte, M; Majam, V F; Abot, S; Ganeshan, H; Kumar, S; Bacon, D J; Stowers, A;
Narum, D L; Carucci, D J; Rogers, W O; Jan 2004; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1856
Hardcopy
We measured the ability of nine DNA vaccine plasmids encoding candidate malaria vaccine antigens to induce antibodies
and interferon-gamma responses when delivered alone or in a mixture containing all nine plasmids. We further examined the
possible immunosuppressive effect of individual plasmids, by assessing a series of mixtures in which each of the nine vaccine
plasmids was replaced with a control plasmid. Given alone, each of the vaccine plasmids induced significant antibody titers
and, in the four cases for which appropriate assays were available, IFN-g responses. Significant suppression or complete
abrogation of responses were seen when the plasmids were pooled in a nine-plasmid cocktail and injected in a single site.
Removal of single genes from the mixture frequently reduced the observed suppression. Boosting with recombinant poxvirus
increased the antibody response in animals primed with either a single gene or the mixture, but, even after boosting, responses
were higher in animals primed with single plasmids than in those primed with the nine-plasmid mixture. Boosting did not
overcome the suppressive effect of mixing for IFN-gamma responses. Interactions between components in a multiplasmid
DNA vaccine may limit the ability to use plasmid pools alone to induce responses against multiple targets simultaneously.
DTIC
Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Plasmids; Vaccines; Viruses

The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Primate Studies and Clinical Trials
Elster, Eric A; Hale, Douglas A; Mannon, Roslyn B; Cendales, Linda C; Swanson, S J; Kirk, Allan D; May 21, 2004; 14 pp.;
In English
Hardcopy
Organ transplantation has become a standard life-saving therapy for many causes of end stage organ failure. Although
valuable, it remains hampered by the requirement for, and complications of, immunosuppression to prevent immune rejection
of the transplanted organ. It is now clear that rejection can be avoided in some experimental systems without a requirement
of immunosuppressive medication, and these experimental concepts are now making their way into the clinic in the form of
early transplantation tolerance trials. This manuscript will discuss the most promising techniques for tolerance induction,
namely, costimulation blockade, lymphocyte depletion, and mixed chimerism. Seminal preclinical studies will be cited and the
results of initial clinical trials will be reviewed. The data to date indicate that while tolerance remains elusive,
immunosuppression minimization is a feasible near-term alternative.
DTIC
Failure; Immunity; Kidneys; Primates; Roads; Transplantation

Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Acid Administered in Drinking Water in
Rats and Mice
Mahle, D, A; Godrey, R J; Buttler, G W; Narayanan, L; Fisher, J W; Taylor, A; Feb 1999; 27 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
As by-products of water chlorination, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) are ubiquitous
contaminants of drinking water supplies. They are also major metabolites of several heavily used industrial solvents. DCA is
a complete hepatocarcinogen and a tumor promoter in B6C3Fl mice. TCA is a tumorigen in mice and affects cardiac
development in Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses. To describe the pharmacokinetics of orally ingested DCA and TCA, male Fischer
344 rats and B6C3Fl mice were given DCA in drinking water at 3 different dose levels (rat - 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 g/l; mice - 0.08,
0.8, and 2.0 g/l) for 3 or 14 days. Blood and liver samples were collected at selected time points up to 8 hr after removal from
treated drinking water. Cytosol was prepared from the remaining rat and mouse livers for investigation of metabolic
competency. At the end of 14 days of treatment the blood DCA concentrations for mice and rats were 18.5 and 73.3 ug/ml,
respectively, at the 2.0 g/l dose level. Liver concentrations at the same time point and dose level for mice and rats were 8.3
203
and 11.6 ug/ml, respectively. At the 0.08 and 0.8 g/l DCA dose level DCA was not measured in mouse blood or liver. Peak
blood concentrations of TCA were 4.3, 30.6 and 93.6 ug/ml in rats drinking 0.1, 0.5 and 2.0 g/l of TCA, respectively, and 10.3,
72.9 and 79.9 ug/ml in mice drinking 0.08, 0.8 and 2.0 g/l of TCA, respectively. A group of mice and rats that received DCA
treated drinking water were intravenously dosed with DCA after removal of the treated drinking water to determine inhibition
of DCA metabolism. Alteration of metabolic degradation of DCA was substantial at the 0.8 and 2.0 g/l drinking water dose
levels in both rats and mice.
DTIC
Acetic Acid; Metabolism; Mice; Pharmacology; Potable Water; Rats

‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for Assessing Military Vehicle Occupant Injuries
Wolfe, Gregory; Mar 2000; 18 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
A briefing on the different techniques that have been used to assess the possibility and types of injury to military vehicle
occupants. A description, as well as advantages and disadvantages, are given for each technique.
DTIC
Crash Injuries; Injuries; Passengers
20060048655 Diabetes Technology Society, Foster City, CA USA

Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting
Klonoff, David; May 2006; 36 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-06-1-0369
Hardcopy
The Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Technology Meeting was presented by the Diabetes Technology Society at the
Cambridge, Massachusetts Hyatt Regency Hotel in April 21-22, 2006. The first day covered Continuous Glucose Monitoring
and the second day covered Insulin Delivery Strategies. The attendees consisted of 405 clinicians and scientists. Ort April 21,
2006, which was the Continuous Glucose Monitoring day, the first presentation was made together by Lori Laffel, MD and
David Kionoff, MD on the topic, ‘Benefits and Limitations of Intermittent Blood Glucose, Alc, and Ketone Testing’. These
two clinicians emphasized the need for regular home blood glucose and Hemoglobin Alc monitoring of patients with diabetes,
as well as measurement of blood ketones in situations of suspected ketoacidosis. From a literature review, the frequency of
self-blood glucose monitoring was demonstrated to be inversely associated with improved glycemic control. For every
additional blood glucose measurement, the Hemoglobin Alc level tends to fall by approximately 0.3%. Parallels between
monitoring technologies relevant to patients with diabetes as well as to warfighters were mentioned. Barry Ginsberg, MD, PhD
discussed continuous glucose monitoring technologies. He emphasized that this technology can be used to predict abnormal
glucose levels based on patterns of glycemia. Lawrence Blonde, MD discussed ‘HbAlC, Glycemic Variability (Stability) and
Other Outcome Markers - What is the Most Page,% 5 of 6 Post-Meeting Report: Second Clinical Diabetes Technology
Meeting, 2006 initiating pramlintide therapy to minimize the risk of postprandial hypoglycemia. John Buse, MD, PhD
discussed another new drug. His presentation was entitled, ‘Exenatide (Byetta(Trademark)) and Other Incretin Mimetic
Therapies - A Look at Changing Treatment Paradigms.’
DTIC
Clinical Medicine; Metabolic Diseases

Control of Growth Within Drosophila Peripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Kinase A
Stern, Michael; Feb 2006; 11 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The long term goals of this research are to understand the mechanisms by which NF1 and its partners control growth using
the Drosophila peripheral nerve as our assay system. This system is advantageous because we can apply a number of powerful
molecular genetic methodologies that are not available in other systems. This project addresses four specific aspects of growth
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control, two of which were begun during the first twelve months of funding, and the third was begun during this funding year.
Our major findings continue to be generated from aim #4. This year we found that co-overexpression of PI3KCAAX and Akt
within peripheral glia conferred a striking increase in peripheral glial thickness compared with overexpression of each
transgene individually. We also found that overexpression of the transcription factor FOXO within peripheral glia strongly
suppressed the growth promoting effects of PI3KCAAX. This result suggests that PI3K activates peripheral glial growth by
inhibiting FOXO. Finally, we found that the increase in peripheral glial nuclei number conferred nonautonomously by RasV12
is mediated by both PI3K and Raf. This result suggests that peripheral glial cell growth can be genetically uncoupled from
peripheral glial cell number.
DTIC
Cells (Biology); Drosophila; Enzymes; Genetics; Nerves; Nervous System; Peripheral Nervous System; Phosphorus; Proteins
20060048663 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA

Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer
Knox, Susan J; Feb 2006; 13 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
A large body of data suggests that selenium supplementation may be used as a chemopreventive strategy to reduce the
risk of prostate cancer. In spite of this, little is known regarding the use of selenium as a cancer therapy. High doses of selenite
can deplete cells of the primary intracellular antioxidant, glutathione, and generate superoxide. The net effect of the
metabolism of selenite is a profound alteration in the cellular redox status and generation of potentially lethal reactive oxygen
species. We have characterized the tumor-selective killing properties of selenite in patient-matched pairs of normal and
malignant prostate cells and demonstrated the ability of selenite to sensitize prostate cancer cells to -irradiation. Currently, we
are examining the effects of selenite on androgen receptor signaling in vitro and in vivo. The primary goal of this proposal
was to generate preclinical data supporting the concept that selenite might be a novel chemotherapeutic agent for prostate
cancer.
DTIC
Cancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Prostate Gland; Selenium
20060048664 McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec Canada

Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Breast Cancer
Presley, John F; Oct 2005; 6 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
We are developing an automated technique for scanning lymph nodes for small numbers of breast cancer cells using a
mouse model. This technique involves the use of standard primary antibodies for tumor specific antigens and quantum-dot
conjugates in place of chemical fluorophores combined with exhaustive confocal z-sectioning and computer analysis. We have
verified that the quantum dot conjugates using antibodies to Brst and cytokeratin are functional in frozen sections from actual
tissue but will have to do additional work to reliably identify cancer cells in an automated way. The primary problems to still
be solved involve reducing antibody background. Once these have been solved, we expect to be able to test our automated
approach for sensitivity against standard histological methods for detecting breast cancer cells in lymph nodes.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Lymphatic System; Mammary Glands; Metastasis; Quantum Dots; Sentinel System
20060048668 New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY USA

Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Role in the Prevention and Therapy of
Prostate Cancer
Tang, Xiao-Han; Jan 2006; 24 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
In this study we investigated the effects of two dietary RXR agonists, phytanic acid, and docohexaenoic acid (DHA), on
205
the cell growth and retinoid metabolism of cultured normal human prostate epithelial cell (PrEC) and human prostate cancer
cell lines, PC-3 and LNCaP. Both phytanic acid and DHA inhibited the growth of PC-3 and LNCaP cells and decreased cyclin
D1 expression in PC-3 cells. Phytanic acid or DHA altered the metabolism of retinol and generated a novel retinyl ester peak.
Mass spectrometry analyses demonstrated the novel retinyl ester peak generated by phytanic acid or DHA was retinyl
phytanate or retinyl docosahexaenate, respectively. Real time RT-PCR results showed that both phytanic acid and DHA did
not dramatically change LRAT expression level in both cell lines. In addition, LRAT participates in the generation of retinyl
phytanate, while the generation of retinyl docosahexaenate by DHA is possibly through another different mechanism other
than lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) and acyl CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT). These results suggest that both
phytantic acid and DHA, natural dietary RXR ligands, may be useful agents for future dietary preventive and therapeutic
approaches to human prostate cancer.
DTIC
Acids; Cancer; Prevention; Prostate Gland; Therapy
20060048679 Duke Univ., Durham, NC USA

Regulation of p53 Activity by Reversible-Acetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppression
Kawaguchi, Yoshiharu; Jan 2006; 26 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The importance of p53 on prostate cancer is underlined by clinical observations that p53 alteration can be seen in most
metastatic prostate cancers. The finding that re-introduction of wild-type p53 can cause growth arrest of prostate cancer cells
further support the role of p53 in prostate tumor suppression. Therefore, to study on prostate tumor development and a
therapeutic strategy targeting p53, it is necessary to understand how p53 is activated. To study this, we focus the p53
acetylation, which has been found as a potential mechanism of p53 activation, and investigate how acetylation controls the
activity of p53. In this report, we provide the evidence that acetylation regulates p53 subcellular localization. Our study
identifies acetylation as a novel mechanism that regulates p53 nucleus-cytoplasm trafficking by neutralizing C-terminal lysine
residues, which in turn, controls the oligomerization dependent nuclear export machinery. Although further investigations are
needed to address the significance of acetylation-induced p53 trafficking in prostate cancer, our findings provide the basis for
a more powerful therapy for prostate tumor suppression.
DTIC
Acetylation; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Tumors
20060048690 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USA

Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Functions of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen
Rajasekaran, Ayyappan K; Apr 2006; 79 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Prostate specific membrane antigen is type II membrane protein predominantly expressed in prostate epithelial and
prostate cancer cells. This protein is expressed on the apical plasma membrane in prostate tissue and in cultured polarized
epithelial cells. Antibodies against PSMA are being used for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Understanding the
mechanism by which PSMA is targeted to the apical plasma membrane should give novel insights into improvements in using
anti-PSMA antibodies against prostate cancer. We have established a role for microtubules in the apical targeting of PSMA
in cultured epithelial cells and have designed approaches to increase the efficacy of anti-PSMA antibodies for the treatment
of prostate cancer. We have now generated data indicating that microtubule depolymerization disrupts the polarity of syntaxin
3 leading to non polarized expression of PMSA. Thus these new studies identified a potential mechanisms by which
microtubules redirect PSMA to the basolateral plasma membrane.
DTIC
Antigens; Cancer; Membranes; Microstructure; Prostate Gland
206
20060048691 East Tennessee State Univ., Johnson City, TN USA
Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer
Stone, William L; Krishnan, K; Campbell, Sharon; Sep 2005; 59 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
In this study we demonstrated that vitamin E isoforms, tocopherols and tocotrienols, have variable growth inhibitory
effects on both types of prostate cancer cell line models. The gamma isoforms are more effective than the alpha isoforms and
the tocotrienols are more effective than the tocopherols. This study further showed that the vitamin E-mediated inhibition of
cell proliferation is preferential for cancer cells at concentrations of about 40 M or lower. Delta-tocotrienol (DT3), in
particular, is infective against normal prostate epithelial cells but highly effective against LNCaP cancer cells. Collectively,
our data supports the view that tocotrienols, particularly DT3 may prove very useful as chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive
agents for treating prostate cancer. Our next will be to initiate experiments in animal models and then to initiate clinical studies
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland
20060048692 Northern California Inst. for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA USA
The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Prostatic Oncogenesis
Lau, Yun-Fai C; Feb 2006; 74 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The TSPY gene is the only functional gene within the critical region harboring the gonadoblastoma locus on the Y
chromosome (GBY). Expression studies demonstrated that it is aberrantly expressed in prostate cancer. This project is
designed to address the role of this putative oncogene on the Y chromosome in this male-specific cancer. The objectives are:
1) to identify the oncogenic or tumor promoting domain in TSPY, and 2)to correlate TSPY over-expression with prostatic
oncogenesis in transgenic mice. For the past year, we have examined the TSPY expression in additional 61 cases of prostate
cancer and demonstrated that its expression is proportional to the degrees of malignancy of these clinical samples. Similar
study of a tissue recombination model of prostate cancer demonstrated the same results, suggesting TSPY expression is
intimately associated with prostate cancer. Significantly, studies of a line of transgenic mice harboring 50 copies of the human
TSPY gene on their Y chromosome demonstrated that TSPY is expressed in hyperplasic regions of the prostates of old mice,
resembling those of latent cancer in old men. These findings are significant, supporting the role of TSPY in the initiation of
prostatic oncogenesis. For the next 12-month period, we plan to continue our characterization of our transgenic mice to
confirm TSPY as an oncogene.
DTIC
Cancer; Chromosomes; Genes; Prostate Gland; Tumors
20060048693 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USA

MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning for Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer
Chen, Lili; Feb 2006; 64 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This work is aimed at MRI-based treatment planning for radiation therapy. The tasks for the second year include (a)
Evaluate MRI-based prostate treatment planning dose calculation; (b) Develop practical methods for heterogeneity correction
for MR-based dose calculation and (c) Implement and validate a MRI-based Monte Carlo dose verification system for IMRT
QA. We have quantified the residual distortions and developed computer software to reduce them using point-by point
corrections for large patients (lateral dimension up to 42 cm). We have verified dosimetric accuracy and consistency for MR
based IMRT treatment planning for prostate cancer using the Monte Carlo method. Our results showed that for IMRT
treatments with coplanar beam arrangements, the mean dose values of the CTV for homogeneous geometry based on CT were
about 2% higher than those for heterogeneous geometry based on CT. The difference in the mean CTV dose between
homogenous MRI and heterogeneous CT geometries was about 3% and less. We have also studied heterogeneity corrections
for patients with hip replacements (prostheses).
DTIC
Cancer; Imaging Techniques; Magnetic Resonance; Monte Carlo Method; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy
207
20060048694 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on the Incidence and Severity of Prostate
Bubley, Glenn J; Feb 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) plays an important role in tumor progression and metastasis and is overexpressed
prostate cancer (CaP). Two polymorphisms (P582S C-\gT and A588T G-\gA) in the HIF-1 gene have been associated with
enhanced stability of the protein and may confer susceptibility to androgen independent CaP. We examined the association of
these two HIF-1 gene polymorphisms with CaP risk among 1,072 incident cases diagnosed during 18 years of follow-up and
1,322 age matched controls in the Physician’s Health Study We observed no association between the presence of these two
polymorphisms and risk of total CaP. However, the HIF-1 P582S T variant allele carrier (CT or TT vs. CC) was associated
with a nonsignificant increased risk of high-grade tumor (Gleason 7-10; OR, 95% CI =1.31, 0.97-1.75Among the T allele
carriers, but not the CC wildtype carriers, men with higher IGF-I levels (\g=median vs. \hmedian) had increased risk for total
(OR, 95% CI =1.55, 0.96-2.48), aggressive (stage C, D, Gleason 7-10, or fatal disease, OR, 95% CI = 2.15, 1.04-4.43), and
fatal CaP (OR, 95% CI = 4.91, 1.27-18.9). Higher IGFBP-3 levels (\g=median vs. \hmedian) were associated with lower risk
mainly among men with the homozygous CC genotype.
DTIC
Cancer; Polymorphism; Prostate Gland
20060048695 Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL USA

Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Mortality in Black and White Men in the Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties
Asal, Nabih R; Oct 2005; 13 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
We are implementing a case-controlstudy of prostate cancer screening and mortality in 5 Metro Atlanta & 23 North
Central Florida counties to determine if screening with the PSA/DRE reduces mortality from prostate cancer in black and
white men. 566 Prostate cancer deaths (221 Black and 345 Whites Men) occurring to residents of Metro Atlanta during
1998-2001 were identified, reviewed, and linked to the hospital(s) of prior treatment. IRB approval and access to medical
records have been requested from most of the institutions and IRBs. A total of 436 charts have been reviewed to date. Majority
of the charts were obtained from the 5 largest hospitals in Atlanta: Crawford Long, Dekalb Med Ctr., Emory Univ Hospt,
Grady, and Piedmont Hospital. Efforts are underway to obtain information from hospital-based controls in Atlanta. Three
locations in north central Florida: VA Medical Center, Shands at U of Florida and Shands Jacksonville will provide access to
prostate cancer patient records starting March 2006 to determine cases from the 23 participating counties. Post-Doctoral fellow
Dr.William MKanta (01/13/06 -) and Research Assistant (Spring 2006) have been hired to manage the project and collect data
in Florida. Activities for the current period include (1) identification of controls in Atlanta, (2) chart reviews for prostate cancer
deaths in Atlanta & Florida,& (3) preparation of preliminary data analysis from the charts of cases reviewed.
DTIC
Cancer; Human Beings; Males; Mortality; Prostate Gland
20060048697 Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT USA

Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction Tomography
Schabel, Matthias C; Roy, Dilip G; Khan, Altaf; Mar 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The potential for cost-effective tomographic imaging using ultrasound continues to be confronted with difficulties arising
from the computational complexity of fully three dimensional object reconstruction in the diffraction regime. Development of
fast and accurate forward and inverse models for ultrasound propagation in the biomedical frequency range of 1-10 MHz is
essential for diffraction tomography to be a practical imaging modality. We have implemented a flexible, object-oriented
simulation system in MATLAB for performing rapid two- and three-dimensional modeling of forward scattering using the
conjugate gradient FFT method in conjunction with a fast linear adjoint approximation to the Jacobian. Nonlinear conjugate
gradient inversion has been implemented and tested in both 2D and 3D, demonstrating the feasibility of the method for
208
diffraction tomography. We have also implemented and tested several regularization schemes including L2-norm and total
variation, and have used multigrid iteration in conjunction with anisotropic diffusion filtering to accelerate convergence of the
inversion algorithm. Inversions of strongly scattering objects have been successfully performed in 2D and 3D, and results
thereof are presented herein.
DTIC
Diffraction; Tomography; Ultrasonics
20060048701 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USA

Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral Structures for Treatment of Urinary Incontinence After Prostate Cancer
Spray
Fried, Nathaniel; Feb 2006; 57 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Urethral strictures and bladder neck contractures occur in 5-20% of prostate cancer surgeries, causing incontinence.
Conventional stricture treatments have widely variable success rates with sub-optimal results. Treatment failure is presumably
due to mechanical and/or thermal damage to the urethra during the procedure. The objective of this research project was to
test a novel Erbium:YAG laser for precise incision of the urethral stricture with minimal damage to adjacent healthy tissue.
We hypothesized that minimal side-effects caused during Erbium laser incision should translate into limited scarring and
improved procedural success rates. Year#1 of this project was devoted to optimization of the laser and optical fiber delivery
system for rapid and precise cutting of urethral tissue, ex vivo. We accomplished these tasks, and published our findings in
the form of four manuscripts and two abstracts. Year #2 was devoted to in vivo animal studies comparing the wound healing
after Erbium and Holmium laser incision of the urethra and bladder neck. Further improvement of the optical fiber delivery
system was also accomplished. We published our findings in the form of five manuscripts and two abstracts. Year #3 was
devoted to preparing for clinical studies and obtaining further funding for commercialization of the fiber optic delivery system.
One manuscript was published and one is in review.
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland; Sprayers; Urology; YAG Lasers

XIAP as a Molecular Target for Therapeutic Intervention in Prostate Cancer
Duckett, Colin S; Oct 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
We have made major progress towards the completion of the goals proposed in this award. In the first of the two Aims,
we proposed to generate cell lines in which we stably suppressed XIAP using lentiviral-based RNA interference, and
subsequently to constitute XIAP expression using mutants which are incapable of suppressing caspases. We have achieved this
goal in PC-3 cells, and are well underway to generating similar clones in the three other cell lines we originally proposed. The
first round of PC-3 derivatives have been injected into nude mice and we have exciting preliminary data supporting a role for
XIAP in oncogenesis, and validating our model system for dissecting the properties of XIAP. In the second Aim, we proposed
to examine XIAP expression in the TRAMP and Pten conditional transgenic murine models of prostate cancer. We have made
great progress in the TRAMP system, and generated breeding colonies of Xiap-deficient, TRAMP mice. Finally, our studies
to evaluate the effectiveness of a murine, XIAP-specific antisense oligonucleotide are now underway in TRAMP mice.
DTIC
Apoptosis; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Targets; Therapy
20060048703 South Carolina Univ., Columbia, SC USA

Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Cancer Among Women by Ethnicity
Adams, Swann A; Mar 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
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Health disparities are a source of concern for people at high risk of life-threatening diseases, and many public health
agencies, both public and private. Consequently, elimination of these disparities has become a top priority for the nation as
a whole. Over the last 30 years AA women have experienced a substantial increase in breast cancer deaths while EA women
have experienced a substantial decline in deaths. The research indicates that later screening and poorer access to care can only
partially explain these differences. Thus there is still much to be learned in this area. Recent research has shown a link between
adult onset diabetes and breast cancer, but no research has examined this relationship in the context of ethnic disparities. We
propose to utilize state Medicaid data to examine the association of diabetes and breast cancer among European American
(EA) and African American (AA) women. We will first determine the percentage of AA and EA women with breast cancer
among those diagnosed with and without diabetes. We will then determine the risk of developing breast cancer for EA and
AA women among those with and without diabetes. With AA women ultimately bearing a disproportionately higher disease
burden, it is imperative that we act quickly and thoughtfully to understand these ethnic differences with the ultimate goal being
formulation of ethnic-appropriate public health policy and messages aimed at successful prevention and control. This research
seeks to address an area of need that has been woefully neglected in the past.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Ethnic Factors; Females; Mammary Glands; Metabolic Diseases
20060048707 Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ USA

Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tumor Suppressor in Human Breast
Cancer
Hattrup, Christine L; Gendler, Sandra J; Hansson, Gunnar C; Mar 2006; 66 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Hardcopy
This project was designed to analyze the effect of MUC1 and APC on two important signaling pathways in breast cancer,
those mediated by Beta-catenin and the ErbB kinases. We present herein results indicating that loss of MUC1 corresponds to
decreased total Beta-catenin levels in breast cancer cells; as this is accompanied by a reduction in the amount of Beta-catenin
that lacks GSK3Beta-mediated phosphorylation, the destabilization of Beta-catenin after MUC1 loss occurs at least in part
through the APC/GSK3Beta destruction complex. We also show that another APC-dependent pathway involving p53 might
participate as well, since MUC1 loss correlates to increased p53 levels. Finally, we show that loss of MUC1 alters Beta-catenin
dependent transcription, as well as demonstrating a novel link between expression of MUC1 and transcription of members of
the ERK pathway downstream of the ErbB kinases. These transcriptional changes are correlated to alterations in oncogenic
events, further supporting the idea that MUC1 and APC are integral factors in regulation of signaling in breast cancer. These
findings add to the growing understanding of how the oncoprotein MUC1 alters breast cancer signaling, specifically in
relationship to the APC tumor suppressor.
DTIC
Antigens; Breast; Cancer; Escherichia; Mammary Glands; Metastasis; Suppressors; Tumors

Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt Pathway to Prevent the Development Hormone Resistant Prostate Cancer
Walker, Jonathan; Feb 2006; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH05-1-0187
Hardcopy
Recently the Pl3KIAkt pathway has been found to be a significant factor in the development and progression of prostate
cancer. It is our belief that the Pl3K/Akt pathway is the critical pathway that is maintaining survival by blocking apoptosis
in the absence of hormonal stimulation. We will use molecular targeting to inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt. Celecoxib is
a FDA approved COX-2 inhibitor however unique to celecoxib is its ability to inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt. This
effectively turns off the Pl3kIAkt pathway leading to apoptosis. Celecoxib has been shown to induce apoptosis in a number
of different malignancies. Unfortunately the 1050 of celecoxib is less than usually clinically obtainable. Therefore in an
attempt to improve upon the Akt activity and decrease the 1050 concentration to clinically obtainable levels Chin et al.
synthesized multiple 2nd and 3rd generation compounds. These newer compounds have significantly lower 1050 and thus
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therapeutic levels can be obtained clinically. We will use celecoxib and these newer compounds to evaluate the effects of
combined Pl3K/Akt inhibition and androgen ablation.
DTIC
Cancer; Hormones; Prostate Gland
20060048713 California Univ., San Francisco, CA USA

Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
Rosenberg, Jonathan; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This annual report for the Physician Research Training Award focuses progress and challenges in the analysis of
circulating hormone refractory prostate cancer micrometastases. Metastatic tissue for research is difficult to obtain in hormone
refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), as most metastatic sites are not conducive to biopsy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have
been found in high numbers in patients with metastatic HRPC and are easily accessible in the peripheral blood. Detecting
genetic alterations that occur during the development of chemotherapy resistance will give insight into the mechanisms behind
this resistance and determine potential therapeutic strategies to combat this resistance. Array CGH of CTCs will demonstrate
the genomic changes that accompany the hormone refractory state, in addition to shedding light on genetic changes that occur
with chemotherapy resistance. In addition to the genomic studies, CTC enumeration was used to determine the effect of CTC
number on survival in patients receiving chemotherapy for HRPC. Work performed under this grant in 41 patients with
metastatic HRPC has shown that patients with \g 1.8 CTC/mL have a worse prognosis than patients with d1.8 CTC/mL. The
median survival of patients with metastatic HRPC with \g 1.8 CEC s/mL was 13 months. Median survival for patients with
\h1.8 CTC s/mL has not been reached. CTC s from chemotherapy refractory and chemotherapy na ve patients are being
collected for genetic analysis.
DTIC
Cancer; Circulation; Gene Expression; Hormones; Prostate Gland; Refractories
20060048714 Burnham Inst., La Jolla, CA USA

Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes that Regulate Radiation Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells
Arora, Shilpi; Aug 2005; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453369; W81XWH-04-1-0029; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453369;
My work this year was in two parts. I completed a study started by others in the laboratory, on the DNA repair gene
GADD45, that is induced by the Egr1 transcription factor (TF), as well as other TFs. Egr1 transcription ally induced GADD45
expression as shown by an GADD45-promoter luciferase reporter construct combined with the use of mutated Egr1 binding
sites in the promoter. This work was submitted for publication and is now in review. The second project was to find the target
genes regulated by Egr1 in a high-throughput array manner by using our own, home-made promoter array, made in
collaboration with two other laboratories in a neighboring Institute. Prostate cells (normal and cancer-derived) were subjected
to stresses such as radiation and chemotherapy drugs. Egr1 is rapidly induced and this is turn binds to many promoters of genes
that respond to the stresses. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation I capture the activated promoters and identify them by
hybridization to the promoter array. The combined procedures has been called ChIP on a chip’. The genes discovered are
validated by several protocols. This work is on-going. We hope to identify genes that may be useful in disease risk assessment,
or by finding stage markers for diagnostic purposes.
DTIC
Cancer; Diseases; Genes; Genetics; Prostate Gland; Targets
20060048715 Children’s Hospital, Oakland, CA USA

Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Function in Prostate Cells
Ames, Bruce N; Apr 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Zinc deficiency is surprisingly common in the US. One organ expected to suffer during zinc deficiency is the prostate,
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since it is the greatest tissue accumulator of zinc in men. Zinc uptake in prostate epithelial cells is higher than most other cells
types in the body, but zinc levels in these cells rapidly decrease upon transformation to a cancerous phenotype. Zinc
homeostasis may play important regulatory roles in both normal growth and carcinogenesis within the prostate, however the
mechanism remains obscured. The cytoskeleton is a known target of zinc binding in the cell, especially in microtubules.
Crystallization studies have defined binding sites for zinc in microtubules, but cellular evidence is lacking. However, it has
been proposed that microtubule dynamics may be disrupted when cellular zinc levels drop. Current drugs approved for use
or in clinical trials to treat prostate cancer (paclitaxel, docetaxel, and 2-methoxyestradiol) target the microtubule network
resulting in cell death. It is unknown if zinc deficient individuals have alterations in the microtubule network such that the
activity of these chemotherapeutic agents is altered. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that inadequate amounts of zinc
disrupts microtubule function and decreases efficacy of microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutic agents in prostate cancer cells.
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland; Zinc
20060048717 New York Univ., New York, NY USA

Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Target for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast
Skinner, Kristin A; Aug 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS), the preinvasive form of infiltrating ductal breast cancer, accounts for 20-30% of breast
cancers and is treated surgically. In DCIS, the malignant cells are confined within the basement membrane, and so an ideal
candidate for local therapies. Because DNA methylation is a potentially reversible mechanism for tumor suppressor gene
inactivation, it is an intriguing target for molecular therapeutics. Hypothesis: DNA Methylation is altered in DCIS and is a
therapeutic target for intraductal therapy. Specific Aim 1: Document the methylation status of tumor suppressor genes in DCIS.
We have documented significant methylation in eight tumor suppressor genes in DCIS. Specific Aim 2: Document the
feasibility of an intraductal approach to DCIS. We have successfully performed ductal lavage in 5 patients undergoing surgery
for DCIS without any complications. Specific Aim 3: Identify the dose(s) of DAC with biologic activity and acceptable side
effects when delivered intraductally to patients with DCIS (Phase I trial). The ultimate goal of this proposal is to evaluate DNA
methylation as a target for intraductal therapy.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Mammary Glands; Methylation; Targets; Therapy
20060048723 Pennsylvania Univ., Philadelphia, PA USA

Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylglycerol in Prostate Cancer
Martinez, Jose O; Feb 2006; 14 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The small GTP-binding protein Rae controls essential functions, including actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell
proliferation, cell cycle progression, adhesion, migration and invasion. The relationship of Rae to prostate carcinogenesis has
not been extensively studied. However upstream activators of Rae have been described to be hyperactivated in prostate cancer,
and it is well known that growth factors are very important in the control of prostate cancer proliferation and progression, as
well as in the maintenance of growth during androgen independency. Chimaerins, through their Rae-GAP activity, accelerate
the hydrolysis of GTP from Rae, leading to its inactivation. To date four chimaerin isoforms have been isolated and reported:
alpha1, alpha2-, beta1- and beta2-Chimaerin. While 01- and beta1-chimaerin are restricted to brain and testis, respectively,
alpha2- and beta2-chimaerin are widely expressed. No experimental information has been reported about the possible role of
chimaerins in prostate cancer. Likewise, there are no information available about the expression of different chimaerin in
prostate cancer cell lines. Our work hypothesis is that by inhibiting Rae function in prostate cancer cells, chimaerins will
impair proliferation and reduce the invasive properties of prostate cancer cells.
DTIC
Cancer; Esters; Prostate Gland
212
B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Radiology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Search Efficiency
Krupinski, Elizabeth A; Jun 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The study compared observer performance and visual search efficiency of radiologists searching for pulmonary nodules
on 8-bit vs 11-bit display devices. Scope: Displays from three manufacturers were used at three sites. At each site, 6
radiologists viewed 100 chest images (half with, half without nodules) on both displays. Decisions were recorded as were
viewing times and use of window/level. At one site, eye-position was recorded on a sub-set of images to evaluate visual search.
Major findings: There was no significant difference in diagnostic performance as a function of display bit-depth. There was
a slight viewing time advantage with the 11-bit display and the visual search data indicated it was likely due to increased
efficiency in first fixating the nodules and shorter time to discriminate them from background. Time to dismiss obviously
normal areas was also shorter. There was no difference in use of window/level. Conclusions: There are no significant
advantages to using an 11-bit display for interpreting softcopy radiographic images.
DTIC
Computer Techniques; Display Devices; Lungs; Neoplasms; Nodules; Radiography; Radiology
20060048725 Armed Forces Research Inst. of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand

Research and Operational Support for the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal
Thai Government
Sangkharomaya, Suebpong; Nitayaphan, Sorachai; Jan 2006; 90 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Cooperative agreement # DAMD17-01-2-0005 was implemented January 1, 2001 to provide funding support for Royal
Thai Army at Armed Forces Research Institute of medical Sciences (AFRIMS) engaged in research activities in collaboration
with US Army. Adminisfrafive logistical and scientific personnel required to support the ongoing US Army AFRIMS research
efforts and utilities and maintenance required to support the US Army AFRIMS research effort.
DTIC
Combat; Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Thailand; Tropical Regions; United States; Vaccines
20060048726 Loma Linda Univ., CA USA

Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Prostate Cancer
Lilly, Michael; Oct 2005; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The contract supports studies to define the role of the PIM1 kinase in acquired resistance to chemotherapy by prostate
cancer cells. Data to date for specific aim #1 define a signaling pathway induced by docetaxel, involving sequential steps of
STAT3 activation, expression of PIM1, and activation of NFkB signaling. Blockade of this pathway by expression of dominant
negative PIM1proteins blocks drug-induced upregulation of NFkB activity, and sensitizes cells to docetaxel. Other studies
(specific aim #2) focus on identifying a mechanism through which PIM1 activates NFkB. We have unambiguously identified
S937 as the major PIM1 phosphorylation site on the NFKB1/p105 precursor protein, through use of LCM/MS/MS analysis.
Interestingly PIM2 is only a weak kinase for this site. Additional data (specific aim #3) have been generated to characterize
a small molecule inhibitor of PIM1.
DTIC
Cancer; Chemotherapy; Molecules; Prostate Gland; Targets; Therapy

Identification of Potential Therapeutic Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Cancer
Ross, Theodora S; May 2006; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
213
The first hypothesis we are testing is that HIP1 expression is necessary for breast tumorigenesis. We have successfully
generated a cohort of breast cancer prone mice (MMTV-Myc) that are deficient (n=20) or replete for HIP1 (n=20). The
ongoing experiments show that HIP1 deficiency inhibits the formation of breast tumors. This result is similar to our work that
demonstrated that HIP1 is necessary for prostate tumorigenesis (Bradley et al. 2005 Ca Res). These HIPI deficient/MMTV-
Myc experiments have taken an interesting turn this year. Essenfially we have analyzed the rare tumors that develop in the
MMTV-Myc/Hip1 knockout mice and found that cells derived from these tumors (but not the normal tissues from the same
mouse) express a ‘mutant’ form of HIP1. We think that this is a way for the cells to adapt to the original targeted loss of
function mutation in the Hip1 gene. These data indicate that the expression of HIP1 is completely necessary for the survival
of Myc-induced breast cancers. Our plan is to identify the sequence of the mutant forms in hopes of discovering areas of the
HIP1 sequence to target for small molecule inhibition. The second hypothesis we have been testing is that dysregulation of
endocytosis of EGFR by HIP1 is a mechanism by which HIP1 promotes breast cancer evolution. Indeed we have found that
HIP1 overexpression inhibits the degradation the EGFR (Hyun et al. 2004 J Biol Chem). Showing that HIP1 is necessary for
breast cancer progression and modulates key growth factor receptors involved in breast cancer fuels the idea that HIP1
inhibition has excellent therapeutic potential. We will continue to explore the activity of distinct regions of HIP1 to discover
inhibitors for use in the treatment of breast cancer.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Mutations; Proteins; Therapy
20060048730 Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL USA

Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Genes for Breast Cancer
Qi, Chao; Mar 2006; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Chromosomal deletions are very common events in breast cancer. However, no TSGs have been identified from most of
recurrent deletions and few identified TSGs do not account for the risk of majority of breast cancer. In additional to the
classical TSGs, there are haplo-insufficient TSGs which defy the identification through mutation analysis and may be quite
common. By using a new system to generate random chromosomal deletions, we identified a ~3Mbp deletion in mouse
chromosome 3, which was associated with tumorigenesis. The expression of Fat4 in the deleted region was inactivated due
to promoter methylation in the second allele of Fat4, and the re-expression of Fat4 suppressed the tumorigenecity, suggesting
Fat4 as a strong candidate for breast tumor suppressor genes. We also found that Fat4 expression was lost in a high proportion
of human breast cancers, some of which were attributed to Fat4 promoter methylation.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Genes; Mammary Glands; Suppressors; Tumor Suppressor Genes

Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpression of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Potential Strategy for Overcoming
Resistance to Herceptin
Xu, Liang; Jul 2005; 5 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The major goal of this Concept Award project is to investigate whether a small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-xL will be able
to overcome the resistance of Her-2/neu-(+) breast cancer cells to Herceptin. (-)-gossypol showed potent anti-tumor activity
to human breast cancer cell lines with high levels of Bcl-xL but has only minimal effect on human normal breast epithelial
cells with low Bcl-xL. (-)-gossypol potently enhanced growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by doxorubicin and docetaxel
the currently used chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer. However interaction of (-)-gossypol with Herceptin activity in
Her-2(+) breast cancer cells are still ongoing. Bcl-xL knockdown by siRNA abolished the tumorigenecity of Her-2(+) MCF-7
cells. The data support that Bcl-xL plays a critical role in breast cancer initiation progression and chemoresistance but its role
in Herceptin resistance remains to be further elucidated. The study provide us a solid foundation to develop (-)-gossypol as
a novel molecular targeted therapy for the treatment of breast cancer with Bcl-xL overexpression.
DTIC
Apoptosis; Breast; Cancer; Inhibitors; Mammary Glands
214
20060048732 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USA
Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for Radiosensitization of Prostate Cancer
Jung, Mira O; Apr 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Failure of conventional treatment of prostate cancer with radiotherapy may be due to intrinsic resistance of the tumor
cells. One of mechanisms underlying intrinsic radiation sensitivity is linked to the state of chromatin architecture. The
long-term goal of this proposal is to develop a novel therapeutic strategy by enhancing radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells
by testing the hypothesis that an increase of cellular radiation sensitivity may be achieved by exposure of cells to specific
HDAC inhibitors. During the second year of the research funding period, the major accomplishment and significance of the
research include:(1) siRNA HDAC isoform transfection and determination of efficacy of siRNA HDAC isoforms on cellular
radiation sensitivity. (2) Determination of gene expression profiling regulated by HDAC inhibitor, TSA, and by HDAC
isoforms.
DTIC
Cancer; Inhibitors; Prostate Gland; Radiation Tolerance
20060048733 University of Southern Illinois, Springfield, IL USA

Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Prostate Cancer Radioresistance
Nie, Daotai; Jan 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Radiotherapy is a prevalent modality for the treatment of prostate tumor. Although radiation is capable of eradicating
localized prostate tumors, nearly 30% of patients treated with potentially curative doses relapse at the sites of irradiation.
Therefore, there is an imperative need to improve the success rate of radiotherapy for PCa. This proposal is focused on a role
of 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) in modulating the radiation response of PCa cells. 12-LOX catalyzes the formation of
12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). Our studies suggest an involvement of 12-LOX in radioresistance of PCa cells.
It is our hypothesis that an increase in 12-LOX expression/activity may lead to an increased resistance in tumors to radiation
treatment. We also hypothesize that VEGF is an important intermediary for 12-LOX mediated radioresistance in PCa. We
intend to define the role of 12-LOX in radioresponse in PCa. 12-LOX will be overexpressed in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Then
we will study whether an increase in 12-LOX expression in LNCaP and DU145 cells can enhance their resistance to
radiotherapy. We also propose to study whether VEGF is required by 12-LOX to enhance PCa radioresistance through
blockade of VEGF activity with a neutralizing antibody. Finally, we will evaluate whether BHPP, a 12-LOX inhibitor, can be
used to sensitize prostate tumors to radiotherapy.
DTIC
Cancer; Inhibitors; Irradiation; Neoplasms; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy

Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Cancer Prevention and Control Coalition
Plowden, Keith O; Feb 2006; 6 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
African American men are disproportionately affected by prostate cancer. In order to positively impact this disease, early
interventions that encourage early detection and treatment are essential. The primary purpose of this study is to test an
investigator developed community-based intervention that explores the impact of peer-outreach workers on prostate cancer
knowledge, perceived benefit and barriers, and overall screening behavior. The target sample for this study will be Black men
over age 40 who have never participated in prostate cancer screening. Achievement of this objective will result in an increase
in prostate cancer knowledge, an increase in perceived benefit prostate cancer screening and treatment; a decrease in perceived
barrier to screening, and an increase in screening among men in the intervention group.
DTIC
Cancer; Health; Prevention; Prostate Gland
215
20060048739 Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN USA
Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabolism and Progression From High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia
(HGPIN) to Prostate Cancer
Fowke, Jay H; Feb 2006; 22 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The purpose of this case-control study is to investigate the association between genetic and encocrine markers of estrogen
metabolism and prostate cancer progression. Androgens (e.g., testosterone) may be critical in prostate cancercinogenesis, but
there is accumulating evidence that estrogens facilitate progress during the later stages of prostate cancer formation 1-4. To
explore the role of estrogens in human prostate carcinogenesis, we proposed to investigate the association between genetic and
endocrine markers of estrogen metabolism and the detection of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and
stage I/II/III prostate cancer. The first project year included protocol development and IRB approval, and the second year
focused on subject recruitment and data collection. The third year focused on recruitment, data collection, and analysis.
Specific accomplishments include recruitment of 717 subjects to the protocol (95% of eligibles). We have conducted several
analyses looking at the association between genetic variants or obesity and HGPIN or prostate cancer. We have exceeded
recruitment goals, and extended interpretation to current public health priority. Further details provided below are in parallel
with the statement of work.
DTIC
Cancer; Estrogens; Markers; Metabolism; Prostate Gland

Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpression and Function of Vanilloid and Endocannabinoid Receptors
Golech, Susanne A; McCarron, Richard M; Chen, Ye; Bembry, Joliet; Lenz, Frederick; Mechoulam, Raphael; Shohami,
Esther; Spatz, Maria; Jan 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The arachidonic acid derivative, 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), was initially isolated from gut and brain; it is also
produced and released from blood and vascular cells. Many of the 2-AG-induced cellular responses (i.e., neuromodulation,
cytoprotection and vasodilation) are mediated by cannabinoid receptors CB1 abd CB2. The findings presented here
demonstrate the expression of CB1, CB2 and TRPVl receptors on cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells (HBEC). The
expression of TRPVl, CB1 and CB2 receptor mRNA and proteins were demonstrated by RT-PCR and polyclonal antibodies,
respectively. The endocannabinoid 2-AG, and other related compounds [anandamide (ANA), methanandamide (m-ANa),
N-(hydroxyphenyl-arachidonyl-ethanolamide) (AM404) and capsaicin] dose-dependently stimulated Ca(exp 2+) influx in
HBEC. the selective TRPVl receptor antagonist (capsazepine), CBl receptor natagonist (SR141716A) and CB2 receptor
antagonist (SR144528) inhibited these responses. The effects of capsaicin, a specific agonist for TRPVl receptors, were
inhibited by capsazepine, but only weakly by CB1 or CB2 receptor antagonists. 2-AG also induced phosphorylation of
vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP); this response was mediated by VR1 receptors. These studies clearly indicate
that 2-AG and other related compounds may function as agonists on VR1 receptors, as well as CB1 and CB2 receptors, and
implicated these factors in various HBEC functions.
DTIC
Brain; Cardiovascular System; Endothelium; Mental Performance
20060048759 California Univ., Irvine, CA USA

A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1-Associated Learning Disabilities
Tang, Shao-Jun; Feb 2006; 12 pp.; In English
Learning disabilities severely deteriorate the life of many NFI patients. However, the pathogenic process for
NFI-associated learning disabilities has not been fully understood and an effective therapy is not available. This study was
proposed to identify genes that are dysregulated in the hippocampus of the Nfl+I- mouse model by DNA microarray analysis.
Characterization of these NFI-affected genes will dramatically improve our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis
underlying NFI- associated learning deficits. During the second year of the project, we have focused on comparing the
216
genomic expression between wild-type and NFI hippocampi to identified NFI-affected genes. We performed 5 independent
DNA microarray experiments with wild-type and NFI RNAs. Results from these microarray analyses indicated that many
hippocampal genes are dysregulated in NFI mice. We also performed bioinformatic analyses on the microarray data to
investigate the particular neuronal processes are affected by NFI. We found that many of the affected genes are related to
svnaotic functions.
DTIC
Disabilities; Functional Analysis; Genome; Learning

Development of a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthetics Halothane, Isoflurane, and
Desflurane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA)
Vinegar, Allen; Aug 1999; 27 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The pig has been commonly used in biomedical research studies because of similarities between humans and pigs in
various aspects of structure and function. Under consideration is its use for studying the effects of long-term low-level
exposure to organophosphates. In spite of the wide use of the pig as an experimental subject there has been no prior attempt
to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to allow linking of external exposure to internal
concentrations at sites of effects resulting from xenobiotic exposures. A model was developed with the potential of tracking
chemical concentrations in brain, kidney, liver, fat, arterial and venous blood, muscle/skin, and other generally well perfused
body organs. As an initial attempt at validating the model, the literature was explored for studies that contained data that were
in a form suitable for modeling. Such a study was one in which pigs had been exposed to the anesthetics halothane, isoflurane
and desflurane and exhaled concentrations of these chemicals were monitored. These data were used in the initial model
validation. The model did an adequate job of simulating the data. Further development and reining of the model will depend
on planning actual studies with defined endpoints of interest.
DTIC
Anesthetics; Organic Phosphorus Compounds; Pharmacology
20060048771 Macula (Anthony J.), Genesseo, NY USA

Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Free Codes
Macula, Anthony; Bishop, Morgan; May 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-05-C-0031; Proj-230T
Hardcopy
Synthetic DNA is proposed for use as an information storage media and three-dimensional structural material in
nanotechnology. The main requirement of these systems is large collections of oligonucleotides that will not crosshybridize.
The process of designing them has come to be known as DNA word, or DNA code, design. In this research, the DNA code
generating software, SysDCode was developed and refined to include pseudoknot secondary structure, simulate hybridization
assays, and applied to DNA hybridization algorithms. SynDCode has the ability to create new DNA codes with high binding
specificity, filter existing codes through verification, and extend codes where specific oligonucleotides are essential to overall
system construction. SynDCode’s robust yet efficient computational model allows for the exploration of unparalleled search
space spawning superior codes with higher binding specificity.
DTIC
Algorithms; Coding; Computer Programs; Data Mining; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Information Retrieval; Molecular Structure;
Oligomers

An Overview of the U.S. Public Health System in the Context of Emergency Preparedness
Lister, Sarah A; Mar 17, 2005; 63 pp.; In English
CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This report describes the U.S. public health infrastructure: the structure, organization, and legal basis of domestic public
217
health activities. In contrast with healthcare, public health practice is aimed at decreasing the burden of illness and injury in
populations, rather than individuals. Public health agencies use epidemiologic investigation, laboratory testing, information
technology, public and provider education, and other tools to support their mission, activities that in turn rely on an adequate
and well-trained public health workforce. Federal leadership for public health is based in the Department of Health and Human
Services (HHS) and in particular at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Most public health authority, such
as mandatory disease reporting, licensing of healthcare providers and facilities, and quarantine authority, is actually based with
states as an exercise of their police powers. Local and municipal health agencies vary in size, governance, and authority, but
they are the front line in responding to public health threats.
DTIC
Emergencies; Public Health
20060048911 North Carolina Univ., Chapel Hill, NC USA

Suppression of Prostate Cancer by PTEN and p18INK4c
Bai, Feng; Feb 2006; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The Rb pathway suppresses tumorigenesis by constraining G1 cell cycle progression. Functional inactivation or reduction
of this pathway is a common event found in many types of human tumors. To test how the Rb pathway interacts with other
cellular pathways in tumor suppression, we characterized mice with combined mutations in the CDK inhibitor p18 (exp Ink4c)
and the lipid phosphatase PTEN, which regulates cell growth and survival. The p18(exp -/-) ; PTEN (exp +/-) double mutant
mice develop prostate cancer in the anterior and dorsolateral lobes and thyroid C-cell tumors with nearly complete penetrance,
and pituitary tumors in both the anterior and intermediate lobes. AKT/PKB, an oncoprotein and downstream substrate of
PTEN, was activated and accumulated at the plasma membrane in PTEN (exp +/-) cells, and further activated and accumulated
in the nucleus in p18 (exp -/-) ; PTEN (exp +/-) tumor cells, suggesting a tissue- and genetic background-dependent
haploinsufficiency of Pten in tumor suppression. p18 deletion, CDK4 overexpression, or oncoviral inactivation of Rb family
proteins caused activation of Akt/PKB that was recessive to the reduction of PTEN activity. We suggest that p18 and Pten
cooperate in tumor suppression by constraining a positive regulatory loop between cell growth and cell cycle control pathways
DTIC
Cancer; Epithelium; Prostate Gland
20060048916 Naval Medical Research Inst. Detachment, Lima, Peru

Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Infections in Andean Northern Peru
Blair, Patrick J; Schoeler, George B; Moron, Cecilia; Anaya, Elizabeth; Caceda, Roxana; Cespedes, Manuel; Cruz,
Christopher; Felices, Vidal; Guevara, Carolina; Huaman, Alfredo; Jan 2004; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Between May and October 2002, a cluster of acute febrile illnesses occurred in the subtropical Andean foothills of Peru.
Serologic evidence in villages where disease had been documented showed that the prevalence of IgM antibody to Leptospira
ranged from 6% to 52%, that of IgM antibody to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia ranged from 10% to 19%, and that of
IgM antibody to Coxiella burnetii from 1% to 15%. Measurement of IgG antibodies for SFG rickettsiae suggested that this
disease was endemic. In contrast, IgG antibodies against C. burnetii were largely absent. In humans, microagglutination tests
identified pathogenic variants of Leptospira. The presence of an SFG rickettsial infection was confirmed in four febrile patients
following polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the conserved 17-kD common antigen gene (htrA). Collectively, these
analyses indicated that Rickettsia sp., C. burnetii, and Leptospira sp. were circulating in the region during the time of disease
outbreak and implicate the involvement of an as yet undetermined SFG rickettsia in northwestern Peru.
DTIC
Diseases; Infectious Diseases; Microorganisms; Peru
20060048925 Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA

New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Block Organophosphorylation
Rosenberry, Terrone L; Oct 2005; 32 pp.; In English
218
Examination of the enzyme structure for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reveals two sites of ligand interaction: The
peripheral site (P-site) located at the entrance of the gorge, and the acylation site (A-site) at the base of the gorge. Our goal
is to develop high affinity cyclic peptide ligands specific for the P-site that would block the access of organophosphate agents
while allowing the passage of acetylcholine to the A-site for use by personnel at risk for nerve gas exposure. Our immediate
strategy involves the covalent tethering of cyclic inhibitors via methanethiosulfonate (MTS) linkage to a cyteine on the AChE
mutant, H287C. The modified AChEs linked to candidate peptides that inhibit P-site access are selected by affinity
chromatography and tested for P-site and A-site affinity by measuring competitive inhibition constants K12 for propidium and
tacrine, inhibitors specific for the P- and A-sites, respectively. We are using a combinatorial approach to identify tethered
cyclic peptides with high affinity for the P-site. A cyclic octapeptide library with 3000 compounds was synthesized in 30
subsets. The initial subset of 100 compounds has been screened by covalent tethering, affinity chromatography selection, and
analysis of competitive inhibition by ligands that bind the site. Candidate cyclic peptides were released from modified AChEs
with substantial P-site blockade by reduction with dithiothreitol, and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques were used to
characterized the peptides. MALDI TOF MS revealed a mixture of peptides by detecting a series of predicted peptide masses.
Peptide sequences were obtained on an ESI ion trap mass spectrometer with MSn capabilities by following peptide fragments
through several stages of consecutive collisionally activated decomposition (CAD) mass spectra. Two peptide masses were
selected from this first screen, corresponding to sixteen individual peptides because of several D- and L-amino acid
combinations.
DTIC
Acetyl Compounds; Cholinesterase; Inhibitors; Organic Phosphorus Compounds; Peptides
20060048945 Army Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD USA
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Immune Functions of Alveolar Macrophages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis
Survival
Ribot, Wilson J; Panchal, Rekha G; Brittingham, Katherine C; Ruthel, Gordon; Kenny, Tara A; Lane, Douglas; Curry, Bob;
Hoover, Timothy A; Friedlander, Arthur M; Bavari, Sina; Jun 14, 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453733; RPP-06-004; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Alveolar macrophages (AM) are very important for pulmonary innate immune responses against invading inhaled
pathogens because they directly kill the organisms and initiate a cascade of innate and adaptive immune responses. Although
several factors contribute to inhalational anthrax, we hypothesized that unimpeded infection of Bacillus anthracis is directly
linked to disabling the innate immune functions contributed by AM. Here, we investigated the effects of lethal toxin (LT), one
of the binary complex virulence factors produced by B. anthracis, on freshly isolated nonhuman primate AM. Exposure of AM
to doses of LT that killed susceptible macrophages had no effect on the viability of AM, despite complete MEK1 cleavage.
Intoxicated AM remained fully capable of B. anthracis spore phagocytosis. However, pretreatment of AM with LT resulted
in a significant decrease in the clearance of both the Sterne strain and the fully virulent Ames strain of B. anthracis, which
may have been a result of impaired AM secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Our data imply that cytolysis does not
correlate with MEK1 cleavage, and this is the first report of LT-mediated impairment of nonhuman primate AM bactericidal
activity against B. anthracis.
DTIC
Bacillus; Immunity; Infectious Diseases; Macrophages; Survival; Toxins and Antitoxins
20060048955 Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Washington, DC USA

Report of Visit to the Public Health College and Training Center at Gondar, February 22-25, 1961
Henderson, L M; Feb 25, 1961; 4 pp.; In English
This report documents the activities of L. M. Henderson, member of the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for
National Defense (ICNND), National Institutes of Health, who visited the Public Health College and Training Center in
Gondar, Ethiopia, from 22-25 February, 1961. This was a follow-up visit regarding the Nutrition Survey made by the ICNND
team in 1958. The visit was made in the company of Ato Abraham Besrat, who was returning to Ethiopia. The possibility of
Ato Abraham’s services being made available to the school on a regular basis was well received and it was suggested that he
give approximately 15 hours of instruction in nutrition to the health officers during the first 2 weeks in July each year, with
emphasis on the use of readily available Ethiopian foods to meet the nutritional requirements of adults and children of various
ages. This proposed loan of Ato Abraham’s services by the college at Alemya was discussed with President Kindell and he
expressed a willingness to make such an arrangement if formally requested by the Ministry of Health. As a result of the visit
to Alemya it was concluded that a program in food analysis and tests of biological value of proteins can be instituted by Ato
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Abraham very soon after he arrives at Alemya. To operate most effectively, however, he needs to have a new laboratory
furnished with certain basic items of equipment. These items have been discussed with Dr. Kindell and efforts are being made
to obtain funds for their purchase from ICNND or NIH. To continue the report on the Gondar trip, the author visited the center
at Amba Giorghis, where the building is now completed to the square. A fine water supply is being developed that will provide
ample spring water delivered to storage barrels by gravity flow. The health centers at Dabat, Gorgora, and Kella Duba were
all visited briefly. This internship training appears to be a wonderful example of the effectiveness of ‘on the job training.’
DTIC
Clinical Medicine; Education; Ethiopia; Medical Services; Nutrition; Public Health; Schools; Universities

Organization of Response Areas in Ferret Primary Auditory Cortex
Shamma, S A; Fleshman, J W; Wiser, P R; Versnel, H; Jan 1992; 47 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSFD-CDR88-03012
We studied the topographic organization of the response areas obtained from single- and multi-unit recordings along the
isofrequency planes of the primary auditory cortex (AI) in the barbiturate- auesthetized ferret. Using a two-tone stimulus, the
excitatory and inhibitory portious of the response areas were determined and then parametrized in terms of an asymmetry
index. The index measures the balance of excitatory and inhibitory influences around the best frequency (BF). The sensitivity
of responses to the direction of a frequency-modulated (FM) tone was tested and found to correlate strongly with the
asymmetry index of the response areas. Specifically, cells with strong inhibition from frequencies above (below) the BF
preferred upward (downward) sweeps. Responses to spectrally shaped noise were also consistent with the asymmetry of the
response areas: cells that were strongly inhibited by frequencies higher than the BF responded best to stimuli that contained
least spectral energy above the BF. In a local region, most cells exhibited similar response area types and other response
features. The distribution of the asymmetry index values along the isofrequency planes revealed systematic changes in the
symmetry of the response areas. At the center response areas with narrow and symmetric initiatory sidebands predominated.
These gave way to asymmetric inhibition, with high frequency inhibition (relative to the BF) becoming more effective
caudally, and low frequency inhibition more effective rostrally. These response types tended to cluster along repeated hands
that paralleled the tonotopic axis. One functional implication of the response area organization is that cortical responses encode
the locally averaged gradient of the acoustic spectrum by their differential distribution along the isofrequency planes.
DTIC
Auditory Perception; Cerebral Cortex; Hearing; Mammals; Sound Waves
20060048972 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD USA

A Microplate Assay for the Determination of Hemoglobin Concentration
Frenchik, Michael D; McFaul, Steve J; Tsonev, Latchezar I; Jan 2004; 4 pp.; In English
The conversion of all hemoglobin species to cyanmethemoglobin (CNMetHb) by the addition of potassium ferricyanide
and potassium cyanide (Drabkin s reagent) and the subsequent absorbance measurement at 540 nm is used widely in clinical
and research laboratories as the standard method for hemoglobin quantitation. In 1984, however, Zander et al. [1] described
a spectrophotometric assay based upon the conversion of hemoglobin species to an alkaline hematin detergent complex
designated D-575 (AHD), which absorbs maximally at 575 nm and is very stable. The AHD reagent contains 2.5% Triton X-
100 in 0.1 mol/l sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and converts all hemoglobin species, including COHb, to AHD within 5 min.
Both protocols are carried out in cuvettes, and are, therefore, time intensive and difficult to manage when many samples are
quantified. This impedes acquisition of triplicate values for each sample necessary to improve accuracy and determine
statistical significance.
DTIC
Assaying; Hemoglobin
20060048985 Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense, Washington, DC USA

Report of Visits to Singapore and Djakarta
Follis, R H; Dec 1960; 3 pp.; In English
This report documents the activities of R. H. Follis, a consultant to the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for
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National Defense (ICNND), National Institutes of Health, who visited Singapore and Djakarta in December 1960. The 9th and
10th were spent visiting the University of Malaya Medical School in Singapore. On the first day he met with Dr. T. J. Danaraj,
the Dean of the medical school and a Professor of Medicine, who is very interested in nutrition. Dr. Danaraj has asked WHO
to help the school obtain a professor to fill a new chair in nutrition. The second day was spent with Dr. Ivan Polunin of the
Department of Social Medicine (Public Health). Dr. Polunin took the author on a trip throughout the country. The author
arrived in Djakarta on December 11, and the next two days were spent at the medical school there. He met with the Director
of the Institute of Nutrition, Dr. Dradjat. The Institute consists of three rooms in the Eijkman Institute building, which is
devoted to public health. The facilities of the Nutrition Institute are poor. There is a great deal of enthusiasm, however, with
particular emphasis on the training of nutritionists and dietitians. A most interesting day was spent visiting two schools outside
of Djakarta. The first is at Pasar Minggu, where graduates from high school are given a 3-year course in practical nutrition.
The second school at Bogor is for nutritionists and advanced dietitians. Graduates from these schools go to all parts of
Indonesia. Dr. Dradjat knows very little about ICNND operations, but he was most interested to hear of ICNND experiences
in Vietnam and Thailand. With a little stimulation, he may be interested in setting the wheels in motion for a nutrition survey
in Indonesia. The author also spoke with two physicians about xerophthalmia, which is caused by vitamin A deficiency. Many
Indonesians who live in rice-eating areas also suffer from a protein deficiency.
DTIC
Diets; Education; Indonesia; Nutrition; Schools; Singapore

Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Years
Smith, Scott M.; Lane, Helen W.; Kloeris, Vickie; Perchonok, Michele; Zwart, Sara; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; Copyright;
The space food system has improved over the last 45 years. With the advances for a Moon base, there is a potential that
foods in space will be more like home cooked foods. However, until that happens, there will continue to be dehydrated and
thermostablized foods providing the bulk of the astronauts food. In order for the astronauts to have adequate macronutrients,
a food system must be developed including raising plants and food preparation, both a major challenge given the limited water,
volume, and power. The lunar kitchens will be very different, but good food is essential to maintain good health.
Author
Dehydrated Food; Food Intake; Astronauts; Nutrition; Manned Space Flight; Food Production (In Space)

The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center: Issues for Congress
Shea, Dana A; Apr 25, 2005; 11 pp.; In English
The construction of the National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC), with an estimated
construction cost of $128 million, will be the first Department of Homeland Security laboratory specifically focused on
biodefense. Its programmatic contents and component organization are unclear, as conflicting information has been provided
during each of the past three budget cycles. Congressional oversight of programs, especially those performed in federal
facilities for homeland security purposes, is considered key to maintaining transparency in biodefense. Policy issues which
may interest Congress include funding for the construction of the NBACC facility, transparency of research activities
performed through the center, and the potential for duplication of effort between the Department of Homeland Security and
other federal agencies. This report will be updated as circumstances warrant.
DTIC
Countermeasures; Defense Program; Security

Nutrition Issues for Space Exploration
Smith, Scott; Zwart, Sara R.; [2006]; 14 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Optimal nutrition will be critical for crew members who embark on space exploration missions. Nutritional assessment
provides an opportunity to ensure that crew members begin their missions in optimal nutritional status, to document changes
in status during a mission, and to assess changes after landing to facilitate return of the crew to their normal status as soon
as possible after landing. Nutritional assessment provides the basis for intervention, if it is necessary, to maintain optimal
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status throughout the mission. We report here our nutritional assessment of the US astronauts who participated in the first
twelve International Space Station missions.
Author
Nutrition; International Space Station; Flight Crews; Astronauts
20060049136 HM Naval Base, Plymouth, UK

The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study
Benton, P J; Slavin, D E; Dinardi, S R; Burnside, D; Woolrich, R; Nov 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00024-05-R-A08B2B
Hardcopy
Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are recognized as being associated with an increase in respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity
and mortality. The submarine atmosphere is a closed environment in which it is known that potential sources of UFPs are
present, especially within the engineering spaces. Prior to this study no attempt had been made to determine whether UFPs
are also present in the submarine atmosphere. To determine whether UFPs are present in significant numbers within the
submarine atmosphere.
DTIC
Cardiovascular System; Closed Ecological Systems; Particle Size Distribution

Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs With Neurologic Decompression Sickness
Nyquist, Paul A; Dick, Jr, Edward J; Buttolph, Thomas B; Jan 2004; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-M0099
Hardcopy
In a porcine model of neurological decompression sickness (DCS), perivascular leukocyte activation was a consistent
finding in biopsies of associated cutaneous DCS. This prompted examination of other organs for similar changes; multifocal
leukocyte activation was found in the lungs (pneumonitis) and liver (hepatitis). Hypothesis: DCS in pigs induces leukocyte
aggregation and activation in the liver and lungs. Methods: Male Yorkshire swine, trained to run on a modified treadmill, were
compressed to 200 ft of seawater (fsw) in a dry, air-filled compression chamber. Decompression varied according to the profile
under study. Results: In 106 pigs, evidence for association of leukocyte aggregation and activation with the clinical diagnosis
of neurologic DCS was sought. The incidence of pneumonitis (20/68, 29% with DCS; 4/38, 10% without DCS) and hepatitis
(23/68, 33% with DCS; 4/38, 10% without DCS) were strongly correlated with the incidence of neurologic DCS via Pearson
Chi-squared analysis (p = 0.026 pneumonitis and p 0.008 hepatitis).
DTIC
Decompression Sickness; Detection; Leukocytes

Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Soluble Extracts Protect Against Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures From Rat
Forebrain
Godkar, Praful B; Gordon, Richard K; Ravindran, Arippa; Doctor, Bhupendra P; Jan 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Aqueous extracts of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seed have been reported to improve learning and memory in rats. In
addition, these extracts were shown to have antioxidant properties, augmented endogenous antioxidant enzymes, and
decreased lipid peroxidation in rat brain. However, water soluble extracts of CP seed (CP-WSE) have not been evaluated for
their neuroprotective effects. In the study reported here, we used enriched forebrain primary neuronal cell (FBNC) cultures
to study the neuroprotective effects of three CP-WSE extracts (a room temperature, WF; a hot water, HF; and an acid, AF)
on glutamate-induced toxicity. FBNC were pre-treated with the CP-WSE and then with glutamate to evaluate the protection
afforded against excitatory amino acid-induced toxicity. The criteria for neuroprotection were based on the effects of CP-WSE
on a mitochondrial function test following glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Pre-treatment of neuronal cells with CP-WSE
significantly attenuated glutamate-induced neuronal death. To understand the molecular mechanism of action of CP-WSE, we
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conducted electrophysiological studies using patch clamp techniques on N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-activated whole-cell
currents in FBNC. WSE significantly and reversibly inhibited whole-cell currents activated by NMDA. The results suggest
that CP-WSE protected neuronal cells against glutamate-induced toxicity by modulating glutamate receptor function.
DTIC
Amino Acids; Glutamates; Learning; Neurophysiology; Rats; Seeds; Solubility; Toxicity; Water
20060049200 Cleveland State Univ., Cleveland, OH USA

Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Merozoites
Sam-Yellowe, Tobili Y; Florens, Laurence; Wang, Tongmin; Raine, J D; Carucci, Daniel J; Sinden, Robert; Yates ,III, John
R; Jan 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-2-0003; AI36470
Hardcopy
The rhoptries of Plasmodium species participate in merozoite invasion and modification of the host erythrocyte. However,
only a few rhoptry proteins have been identified using conventional gene identification protocols. To investigate the protein
organization of this organelle and to identify new rhoptry proteins, merozoite rhoptries from three different Plasmodium rodent
species were enriched by sucrose density gradient fractionation, and subjected to proteome analysis using multidimensional
protein identification technology (MudPIT); 148 proteins were identified. To distinguish abundant cellular contaminants from
bona fide organellar proteins, a differential analysis comparing the proteins in the rhoptry-enriched fractions to proteins
identified from whole cell lysates of P. berghei mixed asexual blood stages was undertaken. In addition, the proteins detected
were analyzed for the presence of transmembrane domains, secretory signal peptide, cell adhesion motifs, and/or
rhoptry-specific tyrosinesorting motifs. Combining the differential analysis and bioinformatic approaches, a set of 36 proteins
was defined as being potentially located to the Plasmodium rhoptries. Among these potential rhoptry proteins were
homologues of known rhoptry proteins, proteases, and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Molecular characterization and
understanding of the supramolecular organization of these novel potential rhoptry proteins may assist in the identification of
new intervention targets for the asexual blood stages of malaria.
DTIC
Erythrocytes; Genes; Organelles; Proteome
20060049201 National Inst. of Neurological Diseases and Stroke, Bethesda, MD USA

Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity are Down-Regulated During Hibernation in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel
Cai, Decheng; McCarron, Richard M; Yu, Erik Z; Li, Yingyue; Hallenbeck, John; Jan 2004; 9 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Hibernation in mammals is a reversible state of suspended animation associated with tolerance to an otherwise lethal
reduction of core body temperature and metabolism. An integral aspect of hibernation is tolerance to a profound decrease of
cerebral perfusion. Identification of regulatory mechanisms that control hibernation in ground squirrels can guide efforts to
develop improved treatment for stroke and brain trauma. In this study, we show in multiple tissues that S473 phosphorylation
of Akt (Protein kinase B), a phosphatidylinositol-3 kinaseregulated serine/threonine kinase, was significantly reduced (
P\h0.001) as was its kinase activity ( P=0.023) in the 13-lined ground squirrel, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, during
hibernation. T308 phosphorylation of Akt was relatively preserved. Brain immunohistochemical staining confirmed these
results. In hibernating animals, reduction of immunoreactive phospho (S473)-Akt was noted throughout the brain. Akt is a key
molecule in the insulin/insulin-like growth factor signal transduction pathway, which plays a critical role in the balance
between survival and apoptosis. The data presented here raise the possibility that down-regulation of Akt phosphorylation
plays a regulatory role in hibernation. This would resemble dauer larva formation in Caenorhabditis elegans where Akt
inhibition is associated with energy conservation, fat storage, expression of antioxidant enzymes and growth arrest.
DTIC
Enzyme Activity; Enzymes; Ground Squirrels; Hibernation; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Squirrels
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20060049203 Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA USA
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Bacillus cereus Associated With An Illness Resembling Inhalation Anthrax
Hoffmaster, Alex R; Ravel, Jacques; Rasko, David A; Chapman, Gail D; Chute, Michael D; Marston, CHung K; De, Barun
K; Sacchi, Claudio T; Fitzgerald, Collette; Jan 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N01-AI15447
Bacillus anthracis is the etiologic agent of anthrax, an acute fatal disease among mammals. It was thought to differ from
Bacillus cereus, an opportunistic pathogen and cause of food poisoning, by the presence of plasmids pXO1 and pXO2, which
encode the lethal toxin complex and the poly- -D-glutamic acid capsule, respectively. This work describes a non-B. anthracis
isolate that possesses the anthrax toxin genes and is capable of causing a severe inhalation anthrax-like illness. Although initial
phenotypic and 16S rRNA analysis identified this isolate as B. cereus, the rapid generation and analysis of a high-coverage
draft genome sequence revealed the presence of a circular plasmid, named pBCXO1, with 99.6% similarity with the B.
anthracis toxin-encoding plasmid, pXO1. Although homologues of the pXO2 encoded capsule genes were not found, a
polysaccharide capsule cluster is encoded on a second, previously unidentified plasmid, pBC218. A J mice challenged with
B. cereus G9241 confirmed the virulence of this strain. These findings represent an example of how genomics could rapidly
assist public health experts responding not only to clearly identified select agents but also to novel agents with similar
pathogenic potentials. In this study, we combined a public health approach with genome analysis to provide insight into the
correlation of phenotypic characteristics and their genetic basis.
DTIC
Bacillus; Bacteria; Etiology; Genes; Infectious Diseases; Respiration; Sicknesses; Toxins and Antitoxins

Novel Antigen Identification Method for Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines
Encoding Exons from the Parasite Genome
Haddad, Diana; Bilcikova, Erika; Witney, Adam A; Carlton, Jane M; White, Charles E; Blair, Peter L; Chattopadhyay, Rana;
Russell, Joshua; Abot, Esteban; Charoenvit, Yupin; Mar 2004; 10 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
We describe a novel approach for identifying target antigens for preerythrocytic malaria vaccines. Our strategy is to
rapidly test hundreds of DNA vaccines encoding exons from the Plasmodium yoelii yoelii genomic sequence. In this antigen
identification method, we measure reduction in parasite burden in the liver after sporozoite challenge in mice. Orthologs of
protective P. y. yoelii genes can then be identified in the genomic databases of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax
and investigated as candidate antigens for a human vaccine. A pilot study to develop the antigen identification method
approach used 192 P. y. yoelii exons from genes expressed during the sporozoite stage of the life cycle. A total of 182 (94%)
exons were successfully cloned into a DNA immunization vector with the Gateway cloning technology. To assess
immunization strategies, mice were vaccinated with 19 of the new DNA plasmids in addition to the well-characterized
protective plasmid encoding P. y. yoelii circumsporozoite protein. Single plasmid immunization by gene gun identified a novel
vaccine target antigen which decreased liver parasite burden by 95% and which has orthologs in P. vivax and P. knowlesi but
not P. falciparum. Intramuscular injection of DNA plasmids produced a different pattern of protective responses from those
seen with gene gun immunization. Intramuscular immunization with plasmid pools could reduce liver parasite burden in mice
despite the fact that none of the plasmids was protective when given individually. We conclude that high-throughput cloning
of exons into DNA vaccines and their screening is feasible and can rapidly identify new malaria vaccine candidate antigens.
DTIC
Antigens; Coding; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Genome; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Vaccines
20060049207 Glaxosmithkline Biologicals SA, Rixensart, Belgium

Update on the Clinical Development of Candidate Malaria Vaccines
Ballou, W R; Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam; Carucci, Daniel; Richie, Thomas L; Corradin, Giampietro; Diggs, Carter; Druilhe,
Pierre; Giersing, Birgitte K; Saul, Allan; Heppner, D G; Jan 2004; 10 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The recent availability of significantly increased levels of funding for unmet medical needs in the developing world, made
available by newly created public-private partnerships, has proven to be a powerful driver for stimulating clinical development
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of candidate vaccines for malaria. This new way forward promises to greatly increase the likelihood of bringing a safe and
effective vaccine to licensure. The investigators bring together important published and unpublished information that
illuminates the status of malaria vaccine development. They focus their comments on those candidate vaccines that are
currently in or expected to enter clinical trials in the next 12 months.
DTIC
Parasitic Diseases; Vaccines

CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Activity for TH1 Immune Responses
Charoenvit, Yupin; Goel, Neena; Whelan, Michael; Rosenthal, Kenneth S; Zimmerman, Daniel H; Apr 8, 2004; 7 pp.; In
English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
CEL-1000 (derG, DGQEEKAGVVSTGLIGGG) is a small immunomodulatory peptide which delivers demonstrated
protective activity in two infectious disease challenge models (HSV and malaria) and an allogenic tumor vaccine model.
CEL-1000 and other activators (defensin-beta , CpG ODN, and imiquimod) of the innate immune system promote IFN-gamma
-associated protective responses. CEL-1000 is an improved form of peptide G (a peptide from human MHC II beta chain
second domain, aa 135 149) known to enhance immune responses of other immunogenic peptides. Since defensin-beta , CpG
ODN, and imiquimod have been shown to possess adjuvant activity, we investigated the adjuvant effect of peptide G and
CEL-1000 as conjugates with HIV and malaria peptides. Antibody titers and isotypes were evaluated on serum taken from
select days following immunization. Results for CEL-1000 and G peptide conjugates were compared with results for KLH
conjugates of the same HIV peptide from the p17 molecule (87 116) referred to as HGP-30. Studies demonstrated that
comparable titers were seen on day 28, 42, 63, and 77 with either G or KLH-HGP-30 peptide conjugates. In another study,
CEL-1000 conjugates (CEL-1000-HGP-30) demonstrated a 4 10-fold higher titer antibody response than seen with several
other peptide conjugates of the same HGP-30 peptide. Improved adjuvant activity of CEL-1000 in peptide conjugates was also
demonstrated by a shift in the antibody isotypes toward a Th1 response (IgG2a). The IgG2a/IgG1, ratio for G-HGP-30 HIV
or KLH-HGP-30 HIV conjugates were lower than for the CEL-1000-HGP-30 HIV conjugate.Asimilar favoring of the
IgG2a/IgG1 ratiowas seen for amalaria peptide conjugate (CEL-1000-SF/GF) compared to the un-conjugated peptide
(SF-GF). CEL-1000 also showed adjuvant activity in an allogenic tumor vaccine model. As expected for an adjuvant,
CEL-1000 or G does not induce detectable self-directed or cross reactive antibodies.
DTIC
Immunity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Peptides; Physiological Responses
20060049213 Uniformed Services Univ. of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD USA

Orally Administered IL-6 Induces Elevated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expression and Splenic CFU-GM
Rollwagen, F M; Davis, T A; Li, Y Y; Pacheco, N D; Zhu, X L; Mar 30, 2004; 7 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Orally administered interleukin (IL)-6 has been shown to be of benefit in eliminating Campylobacter infection and in
preventing sepsis following hemorrhage. In related experiments, it was seen that proliferating cells were found in the spleens
of untreated mice given IL-6 by oral gavage. Injection of the DNA label, BrdU, showed that significant proliferation began
at 4 h and peaked at 24 h in the splenic red pulp of animals given oral IL-6. Mice given saline showed no increase in splenic
BrdU uptake. Histological analysis suggested a hematopoietic lineage for these cells. Clonogenic assays performed on spleen
cells taken from mice given oral IL-6 revealed that increased granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (GM-CFU) were
present at 24 h post-IL-6 administration. No increase in GM colonies occurred in mice fed IL-3, granulocyte-colony
stimulating factor (G-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF. RT-PCR analysis of intestinal mRNA from treated mice
revealed that GM-CSF mRNA was elevated at 4 h after oral IL-6 administration, but not in mice fed other cytokines. It is
suggested that oral administration of IL-6 induces both proliferation and a brief elevation of GM-CFU in the hematopoietic
spleens of mice. This increase appears to be the result of increased GM-CSF mRNA production in the intestines of mice fed
IL-6.
DTIC
Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Gene Expression; Genes; Hematopoietic System; Infectious Diseases; Intestines
225
20060049214 Naval Medical Research Inst, Yokosuka, Japan
Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis With Retroperitoneal Involvement Developing in a Late Postpartum Woman:
Case Report
Okumura, Keiko; Schroff, Richard; Campbell, Rwanda; Nishioka, Lucas; Elster, Eric; Jan 2004; 4 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci cause a wide range of infectious diseases such as pharyngitis impetigo, rheumatic
fever, and even septic shock. Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis is uncommon today, but recent reports indicate a
reemergence of virulent strains can cause toxic-mediated shock and multiple organ failure. We present a case report of a 29
years old postpartum woman after cesarean section who presented group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis. Furthermore, we
discuss the GAS strain in the patient and its relation with close contact among family members. The group A streptococci
(GAS) were isolated from the patient’s retroperitoneal fluid and from her husband’s throat swab, respectively. Both isolates
were shown to be identical: M Type 1. It is well known that exotoxin shock syndrome (STSS). We conclude that in this patient,
close contacts of persons with GAS appear to be at risk for colonization with identical strains of STSS-causing GAS such as
M1 or M3 serotypes. Therefore, the appropriate antibiotic including antibiotic prophylaxis for close contact should be
considered.
DTIC
Microorganisms; Rheumatic Diseases; Signs and Symptoms; Streptococcus
20060049221 Internet2, Ann Arbor, MI USA

Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical Research
McGill, Michael; May 2006; 24 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
High-speed computer networks are vital to biomedical research yet the infrastructure supporting network connectivity
remains unevenly distributed. This workshop joined together biomedical researchers networking experts and computer
scientists (Appendices I and 2) to identify key challenges to improving network connectivity and utilization across a broad
spectrum of users including those with access to cutting-edge networks and those with little or no connectivity. A draft white
paper developed by NCRR TATRC and Internet2 staff with help from experts in relevant fields was circulated to participants
prior to the workshop to frame discussions at the executive session. The charge to the group at the executive session was to
identify key needs and priorities for cyberinfrastructure development during the next 3 to 5 years and to examine best practices
for implementing collaborative networks driven by research opportunities across the health research spectrum: 1) Basic
Biomedical and Behavioral Research; 2) Clinical and Translational Research; 3) Health Care Quality, Safety and Effectiveness
Research; 4) Health Disparities in Underserved Populations; 5) Public Health Monitoring, Biosurveillance, and Situational
Awareness; 6) Interdisciplinary Research Training and Education Health Information; 7) Dissemination to Community
Providers and Patients.
DTIC
Biomedical Data; Computer Networks; Medical Science

Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inhalation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biomarkers and Time Course of Lung
Inflammation
Burgess, Jefferey L; Apr 2006; 51 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The role of lung inflammatory mediators in the development of lung injury following smoke inhalation is unknown. To
evaluate the predictive value and role of inflammatory mediators in acute lung injury following smoke inhalation. Specific
aims: 1) Determine the predictive value of initial inflammatory markers in bronchial secretions of smoke inhalation victims
for subsequent lung injury. 2) Measure longitudinal changes in inflammatory mediators in smoke inhalation victims. Study
design: Bronchial secretions from 200-250 intubated patients with smoke inhalation injury will be evaluated for initial and
longitudinal changes concentrations of substance P, TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-8, and IL-10, as well as cell count and differential
every two hours to a maximum of 72 hours. Initial lung inflammation and changes in inflammatory markers will be compared
226
in patients without and without subsequent significant lung injury. Progress to date: We have enrolled 95 subjects to date and
analyzed 23-32 subjects with for TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-8, IL-10, sFASl, substance P, IL-1RA, alpha2M, MMP-9, and TIMP-1
concentrations. We have found temporal changes in IL-8 and IL-1beta, and a significant relation between low initial IL-8 and
risk of ALI. Further analysis of the concentrations of biomarkers predictive of the severity of subsequent lung injury await
completion of recruitment.
DTIC
Biomarkers; Injuries; Lungs; Predictions; Respiration; Smoke
20060049253 New Jersey Medical School, Piscataway, NJ USA

Activation and Protection of Dendritic Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environment
Guruli, Georgi; Jordon, Mark L; Feb 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
First annual report for this award. Experiments were conducted as was scheduled in the Statement of Work. So far studies
have demonstrated for the first time the presence of endothelin receptors on murine DC, and the fact of endothelin-1
production by murine DC upon stimulation with TNF+. Phenotyping of dendritic cells stimulated with TNF+ and treated with
endothelin receptor inhibitors demonstrated decreased expression of pro-inflammatory co-stimulatory molecules (CD4O,
VD8O, CD86, CD205, MHC class II) with the blockade of ETA receptors, and no change or mild increase in the expression
of co- stimulatory molecules with the blockade of ETB receptors. In vivo administration of endothelin A receptor inhibitor
abolished the effect of infectious stimulus to mobilize dendritic cells to draining lymph nodes. Functional studies are under
way to further characterize the role of endothelin receptors in the biology of dendritic cells, as well as to study the interaction
of dendritic cells and prostate cancer cells, and develop the means of active cell therapy for murine prostate cancer model.
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland; Protection
20060049255 Jackson (Henry M.) Foundation, Rockville, MD USA

Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppressor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Cancer
Srivastava, Meera; Mar 2005; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The purpose of this study is to determine the mechanism and the signaling pathway by which the ANX7 gene induces
death of prostate cancer cells. The ANX7 induced apoptotic pathway involves calcium and cytochrome c release and
morphological changes, nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Overexpression of ANX7 reduces the percentage
of cells that are capable of responding to the IP3-generating agonist acetylcholine with a reduction in the magnitude of the
response to acetylcholine. Using cDNA microarray and Western blot analysis, we have identified the downstream targets and
signaling pathway of ANX7 in apoptosis and suppression of prostate caner cell growth. We identified the apoptosis, metastatic
and cell cycle corrected genes which show equivalent relative expression in PREC normal prostate cells and transfected
metastatic DU145 cancer cells with ANX7J, wt-ANX7 or P53. Taken together, these data indicate that ANX7 suppresses
prostate cancer cell growth by apoptosis and calcium plays a role via IP3-Receptor. In addition, we have identified the
members of the members of the ANX7 signaling pathway. ANX7, Calcium, IP3 Receptor, Signal Transduction, cDNA
Microarray
DTIC
Apoptosis; Calcium; Cancer; Cytochromes; Genes; Morphology; Oxidase; Prostate Gland; Tumor Suppressor Genes
20060049256 Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USA

Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jewish Hereditary Prostate Cancer
Friedrichsen, Danielle; Jan 2006; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The fellowship aimed to confirm the 7q11-21 linkage result, to identify the founder haplotype and to clone the disease-
227
associated mutation. The final research accomplished has: 1) confirmed the 7q11-21 linkage result by analysis of additional
microsatellite markers in the 37.6 cM region and a combined genome-wide scan of 36 Jewish HPC families (empirical
P=O.006); 2) defined the minimal recombination region for the 18 PROGRESS Jewish families as a 5.7 cM interval with 21
RefSeq genes; 3) sequenced almost all of the exons in the MRR (1191134, 88%); 4) genotyped key individuals from the 18
Jewish families on the Affymetrix 1OOK SNP chips (163 total chips); 5) built the chromosome 7 haplotypes in each family
with the 7,069 SNPs from the SNP chips; 6) designed and wrote analysis scripts to identify haplotype patterns enriched in the
affecteds; 7) investigated 22 regions further by genotyping 113 potentially informative SNPs from the HapMap project; 8)
generated a large volume of chromosome 7 genetic information with a total of 73 microsatellites, 7,069 chip SN Ps, and 727
sequenced SNPs or amplicons with one or more exons.
DTIC
Cancer; Cloning (Biology); Genetics; Prostate Gland

Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegenerative Disorders With Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Bambrick, Linda L; Sep 2005; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This research program will determine whether accelerated neuron death due to increased oxidative stress resulting from
mitochondrial dysfunction can be compensated or corrected by neurotrophin stimulation. The experiments will be carried out
in two models of mitochondrial dysfunction. 1)hippocampal neurons from the trisomy 16 mouse, which undergo increased
apoptosis and have a mitochondrial defect, that has now been identified as a decrease in Complex I-mediated respiration and
2)neurons chronically treated with the neurotoxin rotenone to induce a defect in mitochondrial function. 0.1-0.5 nM rotenone
treatment has now been shown to leave hippocampal neurons vulnerable to a second oxidative stress. A unique aspect of this
approach is that the neuronal responsiveness to brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) will be enhanced by overexpressing
the BDNF receptor via an adenovirus vector, resulting in an increase in sensitivity to BDNF. Such neurons would be expected
to have an enhanced survival response to endogenous BDNF and may be more resistant to oxidative stress characteristic of
Parkinson’s disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.
DTIC
Cells (Biology); Diseases; Hippocampus; Mitochondria; Nervous System; Therapy
20060049259 Army Medical Research Inst. of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD USA
Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Against Monkeypox
Heraud, Jean-Michel; Edghill-Smith, Yvette; Ayala, Victor; Kalisz, Irene; Parrino, Janie; Kalyanaram, Vaniambadi S;
Manischewitz, Jody; King, Lisa R; Hryniewicz, Anna; Trindade, Christopher J; May 27, 2006; 14 pp.; In English
The smallpox vaccine Dryvax, a live vaccinia virus (VACV), protects against smallpox and monkeypox, but is
contraindicated in immunocompromised individuals. Because Abs to VACV mediate protection, a live virus vaccine could be
substituted by a safe subunit protein-based vaccine able to induce a protective Ab response. We immunized rhesus macaques
with plasmid DNA encoding the monkeypox orthologs of the VACV L1R, A27L, A33R, and B5R proteins by the intradermal
and i.m. routes, either alone or in combination with the equivalent recombinant proteins produced in Escherichia coli. Animals
that received only DNA failed to produce high titer Abs, developed innumerable skin lesions after challenge, and died in a
manner similar to placebo controls. By contrast, the animals vaccinated with proteins developed moderate to severe disease
(20-155 skin lesions) but survived. Importantly, those immunized with DNA and boosted with proteins had mild disease with
15 or fewer lesions that resolved within days. DNA/protein immunization elicited Th responses and binding Ab titers to all
four proteins that correlated negatively with the total lesion number. The sera of the immunized macaques recognized a limited
number of linear B cell epitopes that are highly conserved among orthopoxviruses. Their identification may guide future efforts
to develop simpler, safer, and more effective vaccines for monkeypox and smallpox.
DTIC
Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Monkeys; Vaccines; Viruses
228
20060049265 University of South Florida, Tampa, FL USA
Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene from Streptococcus mutans
Cote, Christopher K; Honeyman, Allen L; Apr 21, 2006; 12 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DEI-0890
Hardcopy
Backgrounds: An open reading frame encoding a putative antiterminator protein, LicT, was identified in the genomic
sequence of Streptococcus mutans. A potential ribonucleic antitermination (RAT) site to which the LicT protein would
potentially bind has been identified immediately adjacent to this open reading frame. The licT gene and RAT site are both
located 5’ to a beta-glucoside PTS regulon previously described in S. mutans that is responsible for esculin utilization in the
presence of glucose. It was hypothesized that antitermination is the regulatory mechanism that is responsible for the control
of the bglP gene expression, which encodes an esculin-specific PTS enzyme II. RESULTS: To localize the promoter activity
associated with the bglP locus, a series of transcriptional lacZ gene fusions was formed on a reporter shuttle vector using
various DNA fragments from the bglP promoter region. Subsequent beta-galactosidase assays in S. mutans localized the bglP
promoter region and identified putative -35 and -10 promoter elements. Primer extension analysis identified the bglP
transcriptional start site. In addition, a terminated bglP transcript formed by transcriptional termination was identified via
transcript mapping experiments. CONCLUSION: The physical location of these genetic elements, the RAT site and the
promoter regions, and the identification of a short terminated mRNA support the hypothesis that antitermination regulates the
bglP transcript.
DTIC
Ribonucleic Acids; Streptococcus
20060049268 Texas Univ., Houston, TX USA

Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecular Target in Breast Cancer
Tari, Ana; Mar 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
High levels of Wilms’ Tumor 1 (WT1) mRNA in breast tumors have been linked with poor prognosis for breast cancer
patients. However, the function of WT1 protein in breast cancer was not known. We reported the expression of WT1 protein
in 9 out of 10 human breast cancer cell lines. The levels of WT1 protein were increased by the HER2/neu oncogene and 17
-estradiol. We demonstrated that WT1 protein is vital to the proliferation of breast cancer cells since down regulation of WT1
protein expression led to breast cancer growth inhibition and apoptosis, which was correlated with decreased cyclin D1 and
Bcl-2 levels. WT1 has been shown to undergo two splicing events, which result in four different isoforms. Stable transfection
of the different WT1 isoforms was performed in MCF-7 cells. Our data indicate that the WT1 isoforms enhance the in vitro
proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells, but do not modulate the sensitivities of MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin, taxol, or
tamoxifen. WT1 protein enhances breast tumorigenesis induced by other oncogenes or growth factors, such as HER2/neu and
estradiol, but its over expression alone is not sufficient to induce breast tumorigenesis. 14. SUBJECT TERMS 15. NUMBER
of PAGES 9 Proliferation, apoptosis, chemoresistance, signal transduction 16.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Targets; Tumors
20060049270 Brown Univ., Providence, RI USA

Treatment of PTSD-Related Anger in Troops Returning From Hazardous Deployments
Shea, M T; Mar 2006; 215 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The long-term goal of the research is to provide an effective intervention for the prevention of secondary and escalating
effects of poor anger control associated with trauma-related anger problems. The specific objectives are to adapt an existing
evidenced-based cognitive-behavioral intervention (CBI) for the treatment of anger to specific needs of military personnel
returning from hazardous deployments, and to conduct a pilot study providing preliminary data on the adapted intervention.
Progress: The protocol received final Human Subjects approval from (DOD) on February 28, 2006. Work accomplished while
waiting for approval includes extensive adaptation and revision of the CBI manual, adaptation and revision of the control
229
condition manual (supportive intervention or SI), and training of the interviewer. Recruiting of subjects began following
Human Subject approval. One subject is in treatment and 3 referrals are being scheduled for assessment.
DTIC
Deployment; Military Personnel
20060049271 Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA

Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine and Surgical Simulation
Vesely, Ivan; Jul 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The objectives of this project were to develop computer based models of soft tissues that could eventually be integrated
into virtual reality-based surgical simulators. To that end, we have developed a number of computer algorithms that span the
scales from the microstructural to the phenomenological, and from 1-D to 3-D. For the 1-D case, we have developed a model
of fractional order viscoelasticity. For the 3-D case, we have developed an invariant-based formulation of dispersed isotropy
and implemented it in a model of blood vessel. Although the later employs as statistical measure of fiber dispersion, both a
essentially phenomenological models. To implement tissue microstructure, we developed a micromechanical model based on
the General Method of Cells. Through this model, we were able to model fiber-matrix interactions explicitly. These models
are currently being validated and implemented into larger organ simulations.
DTIC
Blood Vessels; Computer Programs; Computerized Simulation; Simulation; Surgery; Surgical Instruments; Telemedicine
20060049273 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USA

Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Hexaphosphate
Banerjee, Partha P; Feb 2006; 35 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Prostate cancer is the most common invasive malignancy and second leading cause of cancer death in men in the USA
and many other parts of the world. Up till now, hormone ablation therapy is the major way to treat prostate cancer. Such
therapy only causes a temporary regression and tumor growth resumes within 6-18 months. It is now well established that
aberrant expressions of mitogenic growth factors and their receptors are responsible for unregulated growth of the prostate
cancer. Once autocrine growth factor loops are operative, prostate cancer progresses to an androgen independent state. It is
uniformly fatal because no systemic therapy currently exists that inhibit growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Therefore better androgen blockade is not the answer for treating prostate cancer. Rather, research efforts should focus on the
therapeutic agents that will inhibit growth factor signaling pathways thereby inhibit growth. While many new classes of cancer
chemopreventive agents are being evaluated in clinical trials for other malignancies, little success has been achieved in terms
of prostate cancer prevention. During the past several years, a large number of studies have pointed out that inositol
hexaphosphate (IP6), the most abundant phosphorylated inositol present in beans, cereal grains, lentils and legumes, could
have beneficial effect on variety of cancers. The underlying hypothesis driving our work is that unregulated expression of
mitogenic growth factors are responsible for carcinogenesis of the prostate gland and IP6 can prevent such development by
inhibiting growth factor-induced signal transduction. Therefore, IP6 could be a potential agent for the prevention and treatment
of prostate cancer.
DTIC
Cancer; Death; Health; Hormones; Inositols; Prevention; Prostate Gland
20060049275 Jackson (Henry M.) Foundation, Rockville, MD USA

Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of Overweight and Obesity in African Americans and Caucasians
Deuster, Patricia A; Mar 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Obesity has reached epidemic levels and yet the incidence continues to rise. The current study is seeking to examine the
230
hypothesis that obesity may reflect dysfunctioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (H PA) axis in response to stressors.
African American persons are at greatest risk, but reasons for this difference are unknown. We will study 120 men and women
of Caucasian and African American ethnicity and examine their responses to physiologic stressors: exercise and ingestion of
a meal. Methods: The HPA axis will be studied in some detail by using two stressor paradigms and two steroid regimens. We
expect to be able to detect subtle differences in HPA axis reactivity in obese individuals that might contribute to morbidity and
perhaps even make individuals resistant to therapeutic interventions. Results: We have enrolled 96 participants, with 66
completed. Data collection and analyses are proceeding on schedule. Two abstracts were submitted and accepted for
presentation in Spring 2006. Conclusions: We are on schedule for all study milestones and look forward to being able to
answer the important questions regarding the potential role of the HPA axis in obesity.
DTIC
Africa; Endocrinology; Obesity; Physiology; Races (Anthropology)
USA
Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices
Pickard, Brian; Clarke, Steven; Bettin, William; Mar 2006; 23 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-31-002-0306
Report No.(s): AD-A454058; TIP-31-002-0306; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454058; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Soldiers deployed beyond traditional field drinking water supplies must have access to potable water. Using Individual
Water Purification Devices (IWPDs) is one way to provide potable water in these situations. Such IWPDs must protect the
Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of chlorine to kill or inactivate
disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering using this technology, from acute
health threats posed by these microorganisms. This information paper provides an in-depth review of chlorine as a disinfectant
in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of IWPDs using
chlorine to kill or inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoan cysts.
DTIC
Antiseptics; Chlorine; Potable Water; Protozoa; Supplying; Viruses; Water; Water Treatment
20060049281 Oregon Health Sciences Univ., Portland, OR USA

Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for Detecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies at Remote Military of Native American
Health Care Facilities
Sahn, David J; Mar 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Our partnership of investigators from Madigan Army Medical Center at Fort Lewis, Washington, and Oregon Health &
Science University in Portland, will test the hypothesis that trained primary care practitioners or nurses can, with telemedicine
supervision, perform cardiac ultrasound exams on neonates at risk for heart disease, and thereby impact time to diagnosis and
outcomes. This study is targeted at Military Medical Facilities within TRICARE West and Western Regional Medial
Command. It will also include two large Alaska Native Health Care Centers. Echocardiography has had major impact in the
management of neonates suspected of having congenital heart disease. The expensive, specialized equipment and significant
expertise to adequately perform and interpret these studies usually is present only in tertiary level medical centers with a
pediatric cardiologist on staff. Initial results of a National Multicenter Neonatal Telemedicine Echo Outcomes Study,
developed by the Principal Investigator, suggest that telemedicine-implemented diagnosis positively affects outcomes in
infants suspected of having congenital heart disease. As an added impact of our program, we will develop expertise within
caregivers who have previously not been able to perform these necessary exams, and will integrate the use of low-cost, yet
high-performance hand- held ultrasound scanners, so as to provide the participating centers with new diagnostic health care
capabilities.
DTIC
American Indians; Cardiovascular System; Children; Detection; Health; Heart Diseases; Telemedicine; Ultrasonics
231
Development of Novel Bifunctional Compounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells
Essigmann, John M; Feb 2006; 54 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
We have designed and synthesized a novel compound (I ip) that efficiently triggers apoptosis in prostate cancer cells such
as LNCaP. This bifunctional compound was designed to form DNA adducts that are camouflaged by the androgen receptor
making them less readily repaired in AR+ prostate cancer cells. The aims of our studies are to investigate the mechanisms by
which lip is able to trigger apoptosis in target cells. One approach we are taking is to prepare structural analogs of lip that have
increased or decreased abilities to cause apoptosis in LNCaP cells. Methods have been developed that will permit us to
determine the fates of lIP-DNA adducts in treated cells as well as in target and nontarget tissues in xenograft mouse models
of human prostate cancer. Another objective is to identify the signaling events that lead from DNA adducts to activation of
the apoptotic program. Finally we have obtained encouraging results from animal experiments that indicate that molecules
such as lip may have clinical potential for the treatment of human tumors.
DTIC
Apoptosis; Blood Cells; Cancer; Prostate Gland
20060049283 Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA

Internet-Based Cervical Cytology Screening Program
Wilbur, David C; Crothers, Barbara A; Eichhorn, John H; Ro, Min S; Gelfand, Jeffrey A; Apr 2006; 26 pp.; In English;
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-04-C-0083
Hardcopy
This project explores the combination of computerized automated primary screening of cervical cytology specimens in
remote sites with interpretation of device-selected images transmitted via the Internet. The project is in 3 phases: 1)
hardware/software and interface development and end user training with 200 case pilot trial; 2) a 500 case prospective pilot
study with hardware/software adjustment with the development of clinically applicable specimen triage and management
guidelines; and 3) a 5000 case prospective clinical trial of the completed system with report and development of a training
and operation manual. During this report period phase 1 data was analyzed and reported hardware/software/ interface issues
were resolved and training materials were developed for phase 2. Internal IRB approvals were obtained for phase 2
(MGH/WRAMC) however Army Office of Research Protections has not yet approved the phase 2 protocols (see full report)
hence phase 2 patient accrual has not been initiated. Phase 3 preactivities have therefore also ceased.
DTIC
Cancer; Cytology; Internets
20060049284 East Carolina Univ., Greenville, NC USA

Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-D Glucosamine Polymer Particles Down-Regulates Airway Allergic Responses
Shibata, Yoshimi; Mar 2006; 102 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This is an annual report of the 3rd grant year. PI and 2 Research Associates moved to the current Institute in 2003 from
East Carolina University. The project was re-started in December 2004 with approval of no-cost extension until 512312008.
We established that our chitin particle preparations induce phagocytic macrophages to produce cytokines (IL-12, IL-18 and
TNFo) that down-regulate allergic immune responses. We also found that administration of chitin particles resulted in less
likely induce the production of IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Both IL-10 and PGE2 enhance allergic responses. In this
grant year, we have completed the study defining the mechanisms underlying that chitin particles block IL-10 production and
PGE2 biosynthesis in macrophages.
DTIC
Acetic Acid; Allergic Diseases
232
20060049292 China Medical Univ., Shenyang, China
Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
Hertz, L; Chen, Y; Gibbs, M E; Zang, P; Peng, L; Jan 2004; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Considerable attention has recently been paid to astrocyte functions, which are briefly summarized. A large amount of data
is available about adrenoceptor expression and function in astrocytes, some of it dating back to the 1970’s and some of it very
recent. This material is reviewed in the present paper. The brain is innervated by noradrenergic fibers extending from locus
coeruleus in the brain stem, which in turn is connected to a network of adrenergic and noradrenergic nuclei in the medulla
and pons, contributing to the control of (nor)adrenergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic and cholinergic function, both in the
central nervous system (CNS) and in the periphery. In the CNS astrocytes constitute a major target for noradrenergic
innervation, which regulates morphological plasticity, energy metabolism, membrane transport, gap junction permeability and
immunological responses in these cells. Noradrenergic effects on astrocytes are essential during consolidation of episodal,
long-term memory, which is reinforced by -adrenergic activation. Glycogenolysis and synthesis of glutamate and glutamine
from glucose, both of which are metabolic processes restricted to astrocytes, occurs at several time-specific stages during the
consolidation. Astrocytic abnormalities are almost certainly important in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and in all
probability contribute essentially to inflammation and malfunction in Alzheimer’s disease and to mood disturbances in
affective disorders. Noradrenergic function in astrocytes is severely disturbed by chronic exposure to cocaine, which also
changes astrocyte morphology. Development of drugs modifying noradrenergic receptor activity and/or down-stream signaling
is advocated for treatment of several neurological/psychiatric disorders and for neuroprotection. Astrocytic preparations are
suggested for study of mechanism(s) of action of antidepressant drugs and pathophysiology of mood disorders.
DTIC
Central Nervous System; Diseases; Disorders; Drugs; Mental Health; Nervous System; Neurology; Targets
20060049299 Army Medical Bioengineering Research and Development Lab., Fort Detrick, MD USA
Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Functionally Active Form
Swietnicki, Wieslaw; Jun 2006; 7 pp.; In English
A02, Hardcopy
The successful expression and purification of proteins in an active form is essential for structural and biochemical studies.
With rapid advances in genome sequencing and high-throughput structural biology, an increasing number of proteins are being
identified as potential drug targets but are difficult to obtain in a form suitable for structural or biochemical studies. Although
prokaryotic recombinant expression systems are often used, proteins obtained in this way are typically found to be insoluble.
Several experimental approaches have therefore been developed to refold these aggregated proteins into a biologically active
form, often suitable for structural studies. The major refolding strategies adopt one of two approaches - chromatographic
methods or refolding in free solution - and both routes have been successfully used to refold a range of proteins. Future
advances are likely to involve the development of automated approaches for protein refolding and purification.
DTIC
Biochemistry; Chromatography; Folding; Proteins
20060049319 Fayetteville State Univ., NC USA

Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer
Twum, Maxwell; Mar 2006; 13 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The objectives of the project were a) to explore the prevailing attitudes toward screening for prostate cancer among Black
men in the Cape Fear region of North Carolina b) to determine the comparative effectiveness of a one-time presentation of
information advocating prostate cancer screening to that of repeated presentation of the message, and c) to determine the
characteristics and impact of the agent of information delivery on the attitudes and behaviors of Black men toward screening
for prostate cancer. The study involved the presentation of uniform messages advocating the benefits of prostate cancer
screening to a group of 120 Black men 40 years and older who had never screened for prostate cancer, nor participated in a
prostate cancer screening education program. Researchers, health professionals, and peer facilitators delivered educational
messages once to one group, and three times to a second group. The comparison of attitudes before exposure to the messages
233
to those after exposure was to help determine the impact of the program on attitudes in the groups. The number of men
screened following exposure to the messages was to determine the impact of the program on behavior change. Data continue
to be collected to help address the stated objectives of the study.
DTIC
Cancer; Human Beings; Males; Prostate Gland
20060049323 Tennessee Univ., Memphis, TN USA

Development of Hemostatic Agents
Moore ,II, Bob M; Aug 1, 2005; 5 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
To assess the efficacy of a series of novel hemostatic agents in normal and coagulopathic animals subjected to femoral
artery hemorrhage. The hemostatic agents comprise different carrier matrices for the delivery of the lead compound CP-305.
The objective set forth in this research was to identify candidate formulations that could ultimately prevent hypovolemia and
exsanguination resulting from traumatic battlefield injuries.
DTIC
Hemorrhages; Injuries; Shock (Physiology)

Identify the Impact of TGF-Beta Signaling on the Stroma in the Progression of Prostate Cancer
Bhowmick, Neil A; Mar 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
As a result of androgen ablation TGF- 1 expression levels transiently elevate and regression of benign prostate hyperplasia
as well as prostate cancer cells for the most part occur. Better understanding of prostate androgen responsiveness is critical
in understanding and ultimately combating androgen-nonresponsive prostate cancer. Studying the conditional TGF- type II
receptor fibroblast knockout mouse model we developed (F KO), we found that TGF- signaling in the prostate stromal
fibroblasts regulate both stromal and epithelial differentiation in the prostate. As proposed we attempted to develop mice that
are stromally knocked out for TGF- signaling and express the large Tantigen in the prostate epithelia, but was unsuccessful.
Thus we made tissue recombinants of prostatic epithelia with F KO stromal cells. This resulted in the development of poorly
differentiated adenocarcinoma compared to when the same epithelia was combined with control stromal cells. Moreover, we
found that the F KO associated epithelia was refractile to androgen ablation. The mechanism of these observations seems to
be due to stromally derived paracrine Wnt5a activating the epithelial frizzled receptor 2 that enabled prostate epithelial
survival in an androgen deficient environment. We hope to gain permission to progress with these experiments to further
address the mechanism of stromal TGF- signaling impact on prostate cancer androgen responsiveness and differentiation.
DTIC
Cancer; Prostate Gland
20060049328 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USA

The Role of the Neurofibromin-Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regulation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling and
Dendritic Spine Plasticity
Wu, Gang-Yi; Feb 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
NF1 is a common dominant genetic disorder characterized by multiple benign and malignant tumors of neural origin and,
often, cognitive deficits in children. How mutations in the NF1 gene lead to severe learning deficits is largely unknown. The
objective of this proposal is to test the hypothesis that the newly identified NF1-Syndecan2-CASK signaling complex plays
an essential role in the regulation of synaptic Ras-MAPK activity and dendritic spine maturation. Using several siRNAs and
dominant negative constructs for NF1 GAP activity to specifically knockdown or inhibit NF1, we have obtained compelling
evidence showing that NF1 deficiency indeed leads to abnormal development of dendritic spines and hyperactive Ras-MAPK
234
activity, and furthermore, these deficits can be rescued by overexpression of NF1 GRD I, a central domain of NF1 responsible
for its Ras GAP activity. We have also begun to determine whether NF1-deficient cells have an altered capacity to undergo
morphological plasticity after spaced depolarizing stimuli, and whether the deficits in morphology can be rescued by
manipulating the Ras-MAPK activity.
DTIC
Barrels (Containers); Crystal Structure; Dendritic Crystals; Diseases; Genetics; Mutations; Neoplasms; Plastic Properties;
Proteins; Spine
20060049331 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA

Selenium and Breast Cancer Growth
Sytkowski, Arthur; Jul 2005; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
It is our hypothesis that human selenium binding protein hSP56 plays important and yet unrecognized roles in the
regulation of cell proliferation, and/or apoptosis, or other processes in normal and malignant mammary cells in response to
environmental changes and selenium availability. The aim of our study is to determine if hSP56 can mediate selenium growth
inhibition of human breast cancer cells. This will broaden our understanding of the role of hSP56 in cancer development and
progression with regard to the potent anti-cancer action of selenium compounds. Identification of hSP56 as a mediator of
selenium growth-inhibitory action in human breast cancer cells will contribute to the elucidation of the mechanisms of
selenium chemopreventive action in general and could lead to the development of selenium-containing small molecules as
preventive or therapeutic drugs.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Selenium
20060049340 Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA USA

Call-Center Based Disease Management of Pediatric Asthmatics
Quinn, James M; Apr 2005; 11 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The purpose of this study is to examine a population-based intervention using preventive measures of a remote call-based
asthma disease management program utilizing proactive education and monitoring. This intervention will be compared to a
control population of pediatric asthma patients receiving printed education materials and usual care at three DoD military
treatment facilities in a similar geographic region. Comparison will be made to examine differences in patient and caregiver
quality of life (QOL), disease severity (as measured by reduced inhaled short acting beta agonist use), pulmonary function as
measured by peak flow and spirometry (FEVI), and Emergency Department visits and hospital admissions. To date the study
has obtained IRB approval, established and utilized the contracting organization to hire study staff and reimburse the selected
disease management (DM) firm. Needed supplies and equipment were purchased. A research database was created. Rollout
procedures visits to the sites and DM firm were completed as were subsequent quality assurance visits. The study population
was identified, recruited and enrollment was completed with 451 patients. 398 patients completed the study and final data
acquisition and analysis are underway.
DTIC
Asthma; Diseases; Medical Services; Pulmonary Functions

Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS)
and Mass Spectrometry
Wick, Charles H; Jabbour, Rabih E; McCubbin, Patrick E; Deshpande, Samir V; Mar 2006; 24 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454255; ECBC-TR-464; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454255; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This report explores the direct counting of ‘hair-like’ structures specific for gram-positive bacteria. Indications show that
these structures are intact after their removal from the cell and are sufficiently different from species to species of bacteria to
235
indicate bacteria type if not actual identification. Their detection would represent a new approach to bacteria detection and
identification. This report documents the detection of the bacterial structures using the physical nanometer counting
methodology in the Integrated Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry.
DTIC
Bacteria; Counting; Detection; Detectors; Mass Spectroscopy; Proteins; Systems Integration; Viruses
20060049348 Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, CA USA

Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Uptake Tests
Vickers, Jr, Ross R; Nov 14, 2003; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454282; NHRC-04-03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454282; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Cardiorespiratory fitness is important for health, work, and athletic performance. Laboratory tests of maximal oxygen
uptake (VO2max) are the gold standard for assessing this aspect of fitness. VO2max protocols with small measurement errors
will provide the best estimates of relationships between fitness and its antecedents and consequences. For example, tests with
smaller errors will provide better indications of how well running tests function as substitutes for laboratory tests. Published
studies of the reliability of VO2max tests provide an empirical basis for estimating VO2max test precision. This review
employed meta-analysis procedures to model VO2max test precision.
DTIC
Cardiology; Gas Exchange; Measurement; Oxygen; Oxygen Consumption
20060049353 Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI USA

Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT-077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preoperatively Treat Locally Advanced Breast
Cancer
Braun, Rodney D; Apr 2006; 13 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The major goal of this project is to determine if the rhodacyanine analog dye, MKT-077, can be used to inhibit breast
cancer cell oxygen metabolism and raise tumor oxygen levels, thereby radiosensitizing the tumor. In the first year, we have
performed in vitro experiments to determine drug uptake and subsequent MKT-077-induced metabolic inhibition in human
MDA-MB 231 cells, as outlined in Tasks 1 and 2. We originally proposed to do this work in our multicellular layer (MCL)
model of tumor parenchyma, but we had difficulty growing MCLs from this cell line consistently. Therefore, we have begun
determining MKT-077 drug uptake and metabolic inhibition using MDA-MB 231 monolayers and cell suspensions. This
approach has been successful, and we have been able to show that the cells rapidly take up the drug, which inhibits cellular
oxygen metabolism by 22% at a dose of 4 g/ml. We are currently completing the drug uptake studies and determining the
inhibition caused by other doses. In addition, we have begun the in vivo work in nude rats. We have determined that the rats
can tolerate a dose of 10 mg/kg MKT-077 infused at 1.25 mg/kg/min. Soon we will begin measuring MKT-077-induced
oxygen changes in orthotopic xenografts in vivo.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Dyes; Mammary Glands; Metabolism; Mitochondria; Oxygenation
20060049359 Roswell Park Memorial Inst., Buffalo, NY USA

High Throughput Screen to Identify Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Metastasis
Gelman, Irwin H; Oct 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
We have proposed to developed indicator cell lines that would allow for the high throughput screening (HTS) for
compounds that potentially inhibit prostate cancer (CaP) metastasis. The cell lines are based on stably expressing a construct
containing the promoter of SSeCKS/ gravin/AKAP12- a metastasis-suppressor gene downregulated in CaP progression- linked
to a green fluorescence protein (GFP), plus a control reporter, in metastatic CaP cells, and then screening for compounds that
induce GFP. We also proposed to characterize the pathways controlling SSeCKS expression in CaP progression. Our data
236
indicate that SSeCKS re-expression can be induced in CaP cell lines using inhibitors of histone deacetylation (TSA) but not
by inhibitors of methylation (5-aza-C). We have now produced stable indicator C4-2 and DU145 cells, the latter of which is
more inducible by TSA. We have also characterized the cis- and trans-acting elements of the human SSeCKS promoter
required for transcriptional suppression in CaP cells.
DTIC
Cancer; Drugs; Metastasis; Prostate Gland

Therapy Selection by Gene Profiling
Hayward, Simon W; Apr 2005; 11 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The long term goal of this work is to develop a new prognostic tool with which to determine the response of a patient
to a given therapy, with the view of providing the most appropriate treatments tailored to individual patients. The central
hypothesis of this proposal is that a subset of the genes expressed in a prostate tumor can be used to predict response to specific
therapeutic regimens. The purpose of this work is to generate predictive methods which will allow patients to be selected for
specific treatment protocols. In this year, per our proposed schedule, we have continued to focus on acquisition of tissue
samples and their grafting and treatment in SCID mouse hosts. We have now collected a total of 136 out of a required 150
human prostate cancer sample sets. We have tested and validated methods for amplifying RNA from human prostate tissues
grafted to SCID mouse hosts and have run a series of experiments to optimize the microarray technology for these samples.
This has included developmental in silico bioinformatics work to standardize the signal intensity between samples making
comparisons meaningful. RNA has been prepared for amplification and microarray analysis of the first 136 samples is
underway. The project is proceeding behind to its predicted timeline due to delays in collection of human tissues.
DTIC
Genes; Prostate Gland; Therapy

Trauma Symptomatology Among Female U.S. Navy Recruits
Merrill, Lex L; Apr 2000; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A sample of female U.S. Navy recruits (N = 1,051) was surveyed for histories of childhood abuse and current trauma
symptomatology. Victims of only childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and victims of both CSA and childhood physical abuse (CPA)
had significantly higher scores on all 10 Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI) clinical scales than did participants who did not
report a history of childhood abuse. Victims of only CPA had significantly higher scores on all TSI clinical scales, except the
Sexual Concerns scale, than participants who did not report a childhood history of CPA or CSA. Additionally, more victims
of childhood abuse positively endorsed TSI items related to suicidal behavior and ideation than did nonvictims. Overall, the
women who experienced CPA and/or CSA reported substantially higher levels of trauma symptomatology.
DTIC
Clinical Medicine; Females; Injuries; Military Personnel; Navy; Symptomology
20060049362 Alabama Univ., Birmingham, AL USA

An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Agents
Curiel, David T; Feb 2006; 70 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Our preliminary data establish a number of important key points. Foremost, these results show that adenovirus can be
genetically labeled with a fluorescent structural fusion protein through a complete replacement with IX-EGFP in a chimeric
context. At least for our pIX-EGFP strategy, the label was incorporated into virions conferring a fluorescent property that
allowed detection of individual particles. Ad-IX-EGFP binding and infection could both be detected via the fluorescent label.
This capsid-labeling system is applicable to CRAds because it slightly decreased progeny yield but did not affect the
237
cytopathic effect and spread of the virus. Notably, the level of pIX-EGFP fluorescence directly correlated with the amount of
progeny production due to its dependence on E1 activity for expression. The data with pIX-EGFP fulfills all the requirements
of the ideal monitoring system for CRAds except noninvasive detection which we propose to accomplish. Both our proposed
capsid-labeling approaches demonstrate great promise for detection of viral replication and spread and hence monitoring of
CRAds.
DTIC
Adenoviruses; Cancer; Imaging Techniques; Infectious Diseases; Prostate Gland
20060049364 Pittsburgh Univ., Pittsburgh, PA USA

Protein Transduction Based Therapies for Breast Cancer
Robbins, Paul D; Jul 2005; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
We have demonstrated that certain transduction peptides such as 12 lysines and 12 arginines can facilitate internalization
into breast tumor lines with higher efficiency than smaller polymers of cationic amino acids. In addition, we have demonstrated
that PTD-Sma34 worked in conjunction with Ad.TRAIL gene transfer to induce breast tumor apoptosis. We also have
demonstrated that membrane bound TRAIL worked more effectively than soluble (secreted) TRAIL to induce breast cancer
apoptosis. Moreover, we have demonstrated that co-administration of Ad.TRAIL with PTD-Smac34 resulted in not only
enhanced adenoviral transduction of the tumors, but resulted in a stronger apoptotic effect. Finally, we have initiated studies
to identify breast cancer specific tumor lines by screening a peptide phage display library both in cell culture as well as in nude
mice bearing xenografts. Initial results in prostate tumors has demonstrated the feasibility of this approach and suggests breast
tumor specific internalization peptides can be identified.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Genetics; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Therapy; Transferring
20060049366 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA

ATM Heterozygosity and the Development of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Urinary Morbidity
Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
Cesaretti, Jamie A; Feb 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The goal of this training grant project is to determine whether the prevalence of ATM carriers among prostate cancer
patients treated with radiotherapy that develop erectile dysfunction and urinary morbidity is greater than the prevalence of
ATM heterozygosity among patients that do not develop this complication. Regardless of the scientific outcome of the
proposal the PI will be left with a vast experience in translational research from which to form new hypotheses and research
strategies as he begins his career as an independent physician scientist. To assure a well-rounded experience, the school of
medicine will insure that the PI will participate for the first two years of the funded period in Mount Sinai’s rigorous clinical
research training program. The NIH sponsored program will give the PI formal instruction in Clinical Research and Policy
Evaluation, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Basic Science for the Clinical Investigator, Cultural, Illness, and Community
Health Outcomes, Behavioral Medicine, and Ethical Issues in Clinical Research. Also the PI, while at Mount Sinai, will make
significant progress in establishing collaborative relationships with well-established prostate cancer researchers and will
continue this approach in order to expand the scope of the outlined proposal throughout the funding period of this grant.
DTIC
Cancer; Genes; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy; Urology
20060049377 Health Research, Inc., Buffalo, NY USA

GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Chemoprevention of Prostate-Cancer
Dong, Yan; Feb 2006; 18 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
238
The present study investigated the functional significance of the zinc finger transcription factor gut-enriched kr ppel-like
factor (GKLF) in mediating selenium action in the androgen receptor (AR)-null PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. We found
that over-expression of GKLF enhances selenium inhibition of DNA synthesis and induction of apoptosis. Furthermore,
knocking down the expression of GKLF greatly attenuates the growth suppressive and apoptosis inducing activities of
selenium. Therefore, our data support an important role of GKLF induction in selenium action in the AR-null prostate cancer
cells. However, we found that, in cells expressing a functional AR, the disruption of AR signaling is most likely more
important than the induction of GKLF signaling for selenium action. Selenium treatment significantly decreases the expression
of AR and AR-regulated genes implicated in prostate carcinogenesis (PSA, KLK2, ABCC4, DHCR24, and GUCY1A3) in five
human prostate cancer cell lines irrespective of their AR genotype (wild-type vs. mutant) or sensitivity to androgen-stimulated
growth. Transfection of AR in the androgen-dependent LNCaP cells weakens significantly the inhibitory effect of selenium
on cell proliferation and AR target gene expression. Since the vast majority of prostate cancers, including those refractory to
hormone therapy, express a functional AR, the disruption of AR signaling is probably more important for selenium action and
more relevant to selenium chemoprevention of prostate cancer than the induction of GKLF.
DTIC
Cancer; Chemotherapy; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Prostate Gland; Selenium; Targets; Tumors
20060049399 New York Medical Coll., Valhalla, NY USA

Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Resveratrol
Wu, Joseph M; Mar 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Resveratrol, a grape-derived polyphenol, is a chemopreventive agent shown to suppress androgen-dependent and
-refractory prostate cancer (CaP) cell growth, and inhibit prostate specific gene expression. To further elucidate its anti-CaP
properties, we advance the hypothesis that resveratrol interacts with specific cellular target proteins, denoted RTPs. This
project aims to identify and purify RTPs. Our first approach was to test the ability of [3H]resveratrol to form stable complexes
with RTPs based on retention on nitrocellulose filters or chromatography on gel filtration columns. Feasibility of this approach
was tested using extracts prepared from LNCaP and PC-3 cells. This approach was unsuccessful possibly due to technical
limitations, such as: scarcity of RTPs, low specific activity of labeled resveratrol and difficulties in forming stable [resveratrol.
RTP] complexes. An alternative approach involved chemically immobilizing resveratrol on epoxyactivated agarose to generate
a biospecific affinity matrix for isolating and purifying RTPs from cell extracts. We have named this affinity chromatography
approach ligand-select proteomics (LSP) as it affords a panoramic display of proteins having different binding affinities to
resveratrol. By combining LSP with MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we have identified dihydronicotinamide
riboside:quinone reductase (NQO2) as a distinct RTP from LNCaP and PC3cells.
DTIC
Cancer; Chemotherapy; Chromatography; Diets; Phenols; Prostate Gland; Proteins; Targets
20060049412 Illinois Univ. at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL USA

Dynamics of Post-Translational Modifications on Human Histone H4 Through the Cell Cycle
Bullock, Courtney R; Aug 11, 2006; 68 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Detection and characterization of histone PTMs have been conducted by antibodies, Bottom Up MS, and Top Down MS.
As analytical techniques, however, they are not germane to quantitative biology unless they can provide consistently
reproducible data that can be used to extrapolate trends and make correlations in addition to answering questions regarding
modifications singly and in combination. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) is a 2D-LC fractionation
technique that produces an acetylation-methylation dependent elution profile of oxidized H4 thereby allowing for more
in-depth interrogation of the protein forms present in solution. The substrates for Top Down Mass Spectrometry (TDMS) are
whole proteins, facilitating analysis of posttranslational modifications singly and in combination. Here we show that the
combination of HILIC and TDMS enables reproducible quantitation of histone H4 PTMs as the cell cyles with the ability to
observe biological phenomena such as progressive methylation and to detect rare modified protein forms.
DTIC
Liquid Chromatography; Proteins
239
20060049413 Fund for Scientists of Molecular Cybernetics and Informatics, Kiev, Ukraine
Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibility of PTD-Mediated Translocation of Proteins Across Artificial Membranes
Kharkyanen, Valeriy N; May 1, 2006; 78 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): STCU-P211
Hardcopy
This report results from a contract tasking Fund for scientists of molecular cybernetics and informatics as follows: The
recent discovery of the ability of protein transduction domains (PTDs) and their synthetic analogues to transport
high-molecular weight compounds through biological or artificial membranes is very promising for many applications.
However, the mechanism of the phenomenon remains highly debatable and unclear even in its basic features. This project is
aimed at the theoretical investigation of the general principles and physical mechanisms of membrane translocation of
macromolecules. Modern methods of theoretical physics and computer simulation will be used for the construction and
analysis of plausible models. The primary model subject will be the well-characterized translocation domain of the HIV TAT
protein. Possible uptake/transduction mechanisms in different models (such as inverted micelle, stochastic membrane pore,
etc) will be substantiated or eliminated, with experimentally measured, quantitative evaluation of the translocation efficiency.
DTIC
Biochemistry; Cybernetics; Membranes; Proteins
20060049466 Air Force Research Lab., Brooks AFB, TX USA

A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Investigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Maintaining Alertness and
Performance in Sustained Military Ground Operations
Whitmore, Jeffrey; Hickey, Patrick; Doan, Brandon; Harrison, Richard; Kisner, James; Beltran, Thomas; McQuade, John;
Fischer, Joseph; Marks, Fredric; Aug 2006; 24 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
With the advent of the 24/7 warfighter, novel pharmaceutical agents have come to the forefront of interest for maintaining
sustained operations. The eugregoric, modafinil, was administered during an 88-hr sleep loss study to evaluate its performance
maintenance capability. A modafinil dosing schedule (100/100/200 mg), would maintain cognitive and psychomotor
performance at or near baseline levels throughout the experimental period. A repeated measures, double blind design was used
to examine 100 and 200 mg doses of modafinil administered every eight hours to twelve participants. Cognitive and
physiological tests were presented iteratively throughout the experimental sessions. The results of this study provide some
evidence that modafinil partially attenuates the performance decrement caused by sleep loss in field environments, thus
increasing the likelihood of successful mission accomplishment. As anticipated, modafinil had very little impact upon physical
performance, had no adverse physiologic effects, and produced few side effects. Modafinil may negatively impact sleep but
the effect appears minimal and should be investigated in a controlled manner. The universal acceptance of modafinil by our
participants, its observed mild performance advantages, and its low health risk, make it a candidate for field applications.
DTIC
Alertness; Cognition; Ground Operational Support System; Military Operations; Sleep Deprivation

Navy Lung Disease Assessment Program
Garland, Frank C; Gorham, Edward D; Kaiser, Kevin; Travis, William D; Centeno, Jose A; Abraham, Jerrold L; Hasibuan,
Franky; Feb 18, 2004; 198 pp.; In English
CASI: A09, Hardcopy
In response to Congressional concerns that occupational lung disease may have been misdiagnosed among Navy
Personnel exposed to dusts aboard ship, the Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery established the Navy Lung Disease
Assessment Program and designated the Naval Health Research Center (NHRC) as the Program Manager. NHRC established
an External Scientific Advisory Committee to help design a research project to address the question of lung disease
misdiagnosis. A public policy advisory Committee was also established to answer public concerns. With concurrence of these
2 committees, research objectives were defined and two primary approaches were developed to examine the potential for lung
disease misdiagnosis.
DTIC
Diseases; Lungs; Medical Services; Military Operations; Navy
240
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expression System for Proteomic Analysis
Ding, Xuan Z; Paulsen, Ian T; Bhattacharjee, Apurba K; Nikolich, Mikeljon P; Myers, Gary; Hoover, David L; Mar 19, 2006;
10 pp.; In English
The recent description of the complete genomes of the two most pathogenic species of Brucella opens the way for
genome-based analysis of the antigenicity of their proteins. In the present report, we describe a bench-level high-efficiency
cloning and expression system (HECES) that allow expression of large numbers of Brucella proteins based on genomic
sequence information. Purified proteins are produced with high efficiency in a microarray format conducive to analysis of their
sero-reactivity against serum from immunized animals. This method is applicable at either small or large scale of protein
processing. while it does not require robotics, the format is amenable to robotic implementation for all aspects of the process
and subsequent analysis of protein characteristics. This method will allow selection of new reagents for diagnosis of
brucellosis and development of vaccine against Brucella, an important zoonotic disease and biothreat agent.
DTIC
Antigens; Bacteria; Cloning (Biology); Genome; Infectious Diseases; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Proteome; Systems
Analysis

The Human Volunteer in Military Biomedical Research (Military Medical Ethics. Volume 2, Chapter 19)
Amoroso, Paul J; Wenger, Lynn L; Oct 2002; 99 pp.; In English
There are extensive regulations and guidelines that govern what can, after appropriate review, be done in biomedicai and
behavioral research involving human subjects. These policies, though they may prescribe what scientists should or should not
do, cannot adequately cover everv situation researchers might currently encounter nor can they anticipate every potential
situation that will arise in the future. When disregard for basic human rights in experimentation has occurred even in relatively
recent times, it brings to the forefront the need to continually examine the practices of previous scientists to endeavor never
to make the same mistakes again. Understanding the history of others’ mistakes is a first step in learning to do what is right.
Understanding change is part of that. What used to be acceptable practices may seem entirely inappropriate from a more
current viewpoint, and there will continue to be phenomenal change. For example, in recent years the human genome has been
completely deciphered, mammals have been cloned, and patient records wvill soon be largely electronic. Technology allows
personal and medical information to be kept track of in ways unimagined even a decade ago. What new ethical challenges will
these developments bring to research on human health and disease?
DTIC
Ethics; Medical Science; Military Technology; Research and Development
20060049614 Society for Medical Simulation, Santa Fe, NM USA

International Meeting on Medical Simulation (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held in San Diego, California on
January 14-17, 2006
Sinz, Elizabeth H; Jul 2006; 286 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Partial contents: Medical Education, Nursing and Allied Health Education, Simulation in Military and Hazardous
Environments, Serious Games/3-Dimensional Interactive Environments, Virtual patients, Simulation Center Readiness
;Medical Specialties, Starting a Simulation Center: A Tale of Two Centers, Oral Abstract Presentations and Posterside
Professor Rounds, Pro-Con Debate, Pediatrics, TATRC, Engineering Issues in Simulation, GSIX Training Devices and Screen
Based Simulation, Surgery and Surgical Specialties.
DTIC
Education; Medical Services; Simulation
241
20060049634 Ljubljana Univ., Macedonia
Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treatment of Freezing Cold Injury
Mekjavic, Igor B; Gorjanc, Jurij; Mekjavic, Polana J; Bajrovic, Fajko; Milcinski, Metka; May 1, 2005; 5 pp.; In English;
Freezing; Frostbite; High Pressure; Injuries; Medical Services; Oxygen; Skin Grafts
20060049635 Oulu Univ., Finland

Prediction and Prevention of Frostbite
Hassi, Juhani; Maekinen, Tiina M; Rintamaeki, Hannu; May 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Frostbite; Health; Injuries; Low Temperature; Prevention

Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Prevent Local Cold Injuries
Castellani, John W; O’Brien, Catherine; May 1, 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Blood Circulation; Injuries; Vasodilation
20060049642 Yale Univ., New Haven, CT USA

Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in Recombination
Raynard, Steven; Aug 2005; 9 pp.; In English
Mutations in the BRCA2 gene are linked to familial and sporadic breast cancer, yet the molecular function of BRCA2
protein remains largely obscure. BRCA2 protein physically interacts with the Rad51 recombinase, a member of the RAD52
epistasis group of proteins that mediate homologous recombination (HR), a major mechanism that repairs chromosomes
damaged by ionizing radiation and genotoxic agents. Accordingly, BRCA2-deficient cell lines exhibit impaired HR and
sensitivity to genotoxic agents. To help define the molecular function of human BRCA2, the authors have expressed and
purified a polypeptide that harbors the BRC3 and BRC4 repeat and also the DNA binding domain of this tumor suppressor.
The BRC3/4-DBD polypeptide interacts with hRad51 and binds DNA with a distinct preference for ssDNA. Importantly, they
have demonstrated by biochemical means that BRC3/4-DBD nucleates hRad51 onto ssDNA and enhances the homologous
DNA pairing activity of hRad51. In isolation neither the BRC3-BRC4 repeats nor the DNA binding domain of BRCA2
performs these mediator functions. The biochemical system described in this study should be valuable for systematically
dissecting the HR functions of BRCA2 in the context of the Rad51-mediated homologous DNA pairing reaction.
Comprehending the manner in which BRCA2 modulates Rad51 activity and the functional integrity of the homologous
recombination machinery could very well pave the way for devising new strategies in breast cancer diagnosis, prevention, and
treatment.
DTIC
Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Maintenance; Molecular Biology; Proteins; Suppressors
20060049653 Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX USA

Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Metastatic Bone Cancers
Vail, Neal; Feb 2006; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W81XWH-05-C-0004
Multiple myeloma is the second most common adult hematologic malignancy accounting for 1-2% of cancer-related
deaths with 80% of these patients suffering devastating and progressive bone destruction. New treatment strategies are of
urgent and vital importance. Several proteasome inhibitors are effective against both human and murine myeloma cells in
culture and some have been shown to affect osteoblast differentiation and bone formation in rodents. However, as with any
242
proteasome inhibitor, there are serious concerns over their potential systemic effects and toxicity. There is need to
preferentially deliver these and other drugs to the bone microenvironment. The scope of this project is to determine, in
preclinical studies, the potential of skeletally targeted PIs as an efficacious and selective treatment for myeloma. The program
hypothesis is that bone-targeting nanocarriers can preferentially accumulate in the skeleton and locally release PIs to impair
the capacity of myeloma cells to survive and grow in vivo, thereby reducing the formation and growth of tumor-induced lytic
bone lesions. Proteasome inhibitors are not selective to bone and their therapeutic-toxic window may be narrow when
administered systemically. Targeted bone delivery has potential to reduce systemic exposure, increase efficacy in the bone
environment, and the opportunity to reverse catastrophic disease processes.
DTIC
Bones; Cancer; Inhibitors; Metastasis; Nanoparticles; Polymers; Therapy
20060049662 Veterans Administration Hospital, Palo Alto, CA USA

Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Potential Novel Biomarker for Selected Application of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for
the Treatment of Breast Cancer Patients
Liu, Jingwen; Oct 2005; 11 pp.; In English
Anti-microtubule drugs that cause mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis of cancer cells are frequently used to treat
breast cancer patients with advanced or metastatic diseases. However, patient response rates to this class of chemotherapeutic
agents vary significantly. Identification of cellular and genetic factors that are associated with the sensitivity to anti-
microtubule drug treatment would be of great clinic implications. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the neuronal
protein synuclein-gamma (SNOG), previously named BOSGI, plays oncogenic roles in breast carcinogenesis and is
abnormally expressed at high levels in advanced and metastatic breast carcinomas but not expressed in normal or benign breast
tissues. In this study, we show that responses of 12 breast cancer cell lines to paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest and cytotoxicity
are highly correlated with SNOG expression status. SNOG-positive cells exhibit a significant higher resistance to
paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest than SNOG-negative cells (p\h0.01). Moreover, we demonstrate that down regulation of
SNOG expression directly increased the effectiveness of anti-microtubule drug-induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells
without altering cell responses to doxorubicin. These new findings suggest that SNOG expression in breast carcinomas is
likely one causal factor contributing to the poor patient response to paclitaxel treatment.
DTIC
Biomarkers; Breast; Cancer; Diseases; Drugs; Genetics; Mammary Glands; Oncogenes; Patients
20060049682 Institute for Clinical Research, Inc., Washington, DC USA

Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth and Response to Chemotherapy
Tsan, Min-Fu; Gao, Baochong; Oct 2005; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Tumor-associated macrophages may comprise up to 50% of the tumor mass in breast cancer and are capable of producing
estrogen and angiogenic cytokines that regulate the growth and angiogenesis of breast cancer. The purpose of this study is to
determine whether intratumoral injecUon of liposome-encapsulated dichlornmethyene diphosphonate (clodronate). a potent
macrophage-depleting agent. can deplete tumor-associated macrophages in a murine breast cancer model. and whether
depletion of tumor-associated macrophages has any effect on the tumor growth. The breast cancer model was established in
BALB/c mice by subcutaneous injection of estrogen receptor-positive murine mammary tumor cells (4T1). Two weeks after
injection of 4T1 cells, tumor-bearing mice were divided into 3 groups. The first group served as control with no further
injection. The second group was injected intratumorally with liposomes containing clodronate. The third group was injected
with liposomes containing phosphate-buffered saline. The tumor size was measured every 2-3 days using a caliper. At 1,3,5.7
and 9 days after liposome injection, tumors were harvested, fixed. and immuno-stained with antibodies to macrophage-specific
markers (F4/8O and Mac-1) to quantify the number of macrophages. The infiltrating macrophages were quantified using
Chalkley Counting method with a 25-point array reticle. Results showed that the intratumoral injection of 10, 30 or 60
micronliter liposome-encapsulated clodronate had no effect on the tumor growth and tumor-associated macrophages in this
murine 4T1 breast cancer model. Whether liposome-encapsulated clodronate at a higher dosage has any effect needs further
investigation.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Depletion; Estrogens; Macrophages; Mammary Glands; Tumors
243
20060049703 Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH USA
Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm in Young Permanent Teeth
Gasparovich, Stephen R; Jan 2006; 36 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Dental caries is the most common infectious disease in childhood. Only a small percentage of children will go through
adolescence and not develop caries, and the disease typically is concentrated in children from poor socioeconomic
backgrounds with limited access to routine dental care. 16S DNA based bacterial sequencing technology is beginning to make
it possible to more accurately identify the pathogens responsible. Most of the previous research has only focused on
cultivatable bacteria. This has created a bias in the reported diversity of the bacterial communities in the oral cavity. The
purpose of this study is to define the bacterial plaque diversity on permanent teeth in school age children by replacing the
traditional culture techniques with new non-culture open-ended methods for identification. Nine caries-free subjects and 9
subjects with caries (8 to 16 years of age) were selected for identification of bacteria by cloning and sequencing 16S ribosomal
DNA. A total of 43 plaque samples (34 samples collected from caries subjects and 9 samples from caries-free subjects) were
analyzed. A total of 2,151 clones were identified, and 112 species were detected. There was a large representation of known
cariogenic taxa present. Streptococcus spp., Veillonella spp. Lactobacillus spp., and Selenomonas spp. were the most
predominant genera found in samples. The bacterial flora on the tooth surfaces is quite heterogenous with a small number of
taxa represented in the caries biofllm. The findings show that S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp are the prominent bacteria in
caries of young permanent teeth. While S. mutans is higher in white spot lesions, Lactobacillus spp clearly out number S.
mutans in the advanced lesions past the initial demineralization of tooth structure.
DTIC
Bacteria; Biofilms; Cavities; Genome; Microorganisms; Pathogens; Tooth Diseases

Bayesian Model Averaging: Development of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Selection and Classification Tool for
Microarray Data
Yeung, Ka Y; Bumgarner, Roger E; Raftery, Adrian E; Oct 8, 2004; 23 pp.; In English
Accurate classification of samples using gene expression profiles is critically dependent on the method used to select
relevant genes. We present the Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method for gene selection and classification of microarray
data. Typical gene selection and classification procedures ignore model uncertainty and use a single set of relevant genes
(model) to predict the class. BMA accounts for the uncertainty about the best set to choose by averaging over multiple models
(sets of potentially overlapping relevant genes). We showed that BMA selects smaller numbers of relevant genes (compared
to other methods) and achieves high prediction accuracy on three microarray datasets. Our BMA algorithm is applicable to
microarray datasets with any number of classes, and outputs posterior probabilities for the selected genes and models. Our
selected models typically consist of only a few genes. The combination of high accuracy, small numbers of genes and posterior
probabilities for the predictions, should make BMA a powerful tool for developing diagnostics from expression data.
DTIC
Bayes Theorem; Classifications; Genes; Multivariate Statistical Analysis
20060049733 Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC USA

Motivational Interventions to Reduce Alcohol Use in a Military Population
Brown, Janice M; Mar 2006; 68 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The overriding objective of this research is to reduce hazardous drinking in a military sample by implementing two
motivational interventions and comparing them with a treatment-as-usual condition. Individuals who are referred to the Air
Force Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention and Treatment (ADAPT) program as the result of an alcohol incident or who are
self-referred are randomly assigned to one of three interventions: (1) a group motivational intervention, (2) an individual
motivational intervention, or (3) a treatment-as-usual group. All participants provide data regarding drinking and related
problems at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months following the intervention. Analyses focused on the following: (1) determining
the effectiveness of the interventions in reducing alcohol use and alcohol-related problems, (2) testing factors that may mediate
or moderate responses to the interventions, and (3) determining the costs and cost-effectiveness of treatment. The research
included a large sample (N = 750) and an extended follow-up (1 year) on intervention effects, components that most previous
244
intervention studies have lacked. From a practical perspective, the ability to classify which individuals will benefit from a
motivational intervention has important military readiness and alcohol policy implications.
DTIC
Alcohols; Armed Forces (United States); Drugs; Military Personnel; Motivation; Populations; Therapy

The Clinical Development of Thalildomide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Logothetis, Christopher J; Oct 2005; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Significant progress has been made in the understanding of key factors that regulate the cell-cell interaction in the context
of the microenvironment of prostate cancer. This includes technical advances in getting information from small amounts of
tissue to forward understanding of the molecular determinants of progression. We have developed tissue micro arrays (TMAs),
and stained them for candidate factors implicated in stromal epithelial interaction and have demonstrated that they are
expressed in the context of Thalidomide treated patients. This information will be used to compare these results to the
expression patterns in similar prostate cancers not exposed to Thalidomide. We are requesting a no-cost extension of 6 months
to allow completion of the planned studies. A formal letter will be sent separately.
DTIC
Cancer; Clinical Medicine; Inhibitors; Prostate Gland; Therapy; Toxicity
20060049745 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN USA

Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Cancer by Cathepsin B
Sinha, Akhouri A; Mar 1, 2006; 55 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
I received approval of the DOD-HSRRB (Log No. A-12517) around 20th April, 2005 and began the study without further
delay. We conducted portions of task 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 studies on radical prostatectomy (RP) and biopsy tissue samples and
collected clinical data from the same white and African American men. The Elisa assay, part of task 4, laser capture
microdisection (LCM) in this task is in progress. Prostate cancer (PC), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as control
samples, were collected at the VA Medical Center and Virginia Urology Center. Our study has resulted in two manuscripts,
1. Prognostic Value of the Cathepsin B to Stefin A Ratio in Prostate Needle Biopsies and 2. Characterization of Prostate Cancer
in African American Men by Cathepsin B and Stefin A. Since all co-authors have not reviewed the manuscripts, we are
enclosing drafts prior to their submission to peer-reviewed journals. Study 1. Our objective was to define characteristics of
cancer cells in low volume (about 10% in 1 or 2 biopsy cores) and high volume (about 50% in 1 or 2 cores) Gleason score
6 tumor biopsies using cathepsin B (CB) and stefin A (SA), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative image analysis. We
evaluated biopsies with the Gleason score 6 tumors in 65 patients and post-RP specimens. Cancer had relapsed in three
patients, as indicated by rising serum total prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in less than five years even though the
post-RP pathology report did not detect cancer cell invasion to prostate margin/capsule, seminal vesicle, and/or pelvic lymph
node. Ratios of CB to SA were significantly higher in cancer than in BPH. Study 2. In the Gleason score 6 and 7 tumors, the
ratios of CB to SA were not significantly different in biopsies from those in prostectomies, indicating the reliability of
immunostaining in small tissue sections.
DTIC
Africa; Antigens; Cancer; Lymphatic System; Pelvis; Prostate Gland; Sampling
20060049747 Texas Univ., Arlington, TX USA

Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biodegradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor
Popa, Dan; Liu, Hanli; Tang, Liping; Feb 2006; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Chemotherapeutic Drugs delivered by systematic administration exhibit great toxicity; patients have to endure suffering
from frequent injection or low dose IV treatment. Thus controlled release of these drugs will be a treatment modality.
Moreover, realtime monitoring of the effects of the drug by sensing the dynamic response of the tumor to a particular drug
can significantly enhance the therapeutic outcome. The Hypotheses are (1): A near-infrared (NIR) imager can non-invasively
245
monitor the dynamic and chronic distribution of the chemotherapeutic drug, vascular oxygenation, and blood volumes in
prostate tumors. (2): The dynamic response of prostate tumor oxygenation to the chronic drug delivery can serve as indicator
for treatment prognosis. The Specific Aims are: (1): To design and implement a NIR spectroscopic imaging system (2): To
develop 2D tomographic imaging of drug concentration and tumor oxygenation. (3): to control the delivery of drug and (4):
to study the relationship between drug release rate, tumor oxygen levels and therapeutic outcome.
DTIC
Biodegradability; Biodegradation; Cancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Prostate Gland; Therapy; Tumors

Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors for Gene Therapy of Prostate Cancer
Krasnykh, Victor; Feb 2006; 12 pp.; In English
In Year 2 of the project we have completed Task 2 (as per approved Statement of Work) by characterizing the binding
specificity of the Ad fiber proteins designed to bind IL-11Ralpha. In Task 3 of the project we identified the most promising
fiber ligand constructs and designed Ad genomes that incorporate the genes for these proteins in addition to the reporter
expressing gene cassettes.
DTIC
Adenoviruses; Angiogenesis; Cancer; Endothelium; Gene Therapy; Genes; Genetic Engineering; Prostate Gland
20060049751 Indiana Univ., Indianapolis, IN USA

PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chimeric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Gene Therapy
Kao, Chinghai; Feb 2006; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Recently we generated a chemic prostate specific promoter, called PSES, by combining the enhancer elements from the
PSA and PSMA genes. Based on PSES, we develop a prostate restricted replicative adenovirus (PRRA), called
AdE4PSESE1a. AdE4PSESE1a only replicated in PSA/PSMA positive prostate cancer cells or cells expressing adenoviral E1
and E4 proteins. Then, we armed AdE4PSESE1a with TRAIL to make AD-IU-2. Ad-IU-2 retains prostate specificity of
AdE4PSESE1a and expresses TRAIL only in PSA/PSMA positive cells. Ad-IU-2 demonstrated a better in vitro cell killing
activity and tumor killing activity in vivo than AdE4PSESE1a against PSA/PSMA positive prostate cancers. The tumors cell
killing activity of soluble TRAIL could be further enhanced by an apoptosis inducer, BH3 domain and ADP (encoded in the
E3 region of adenovirus). We are testing whether we can fuse a cell-permeable peptide to BH3 and ADP, so that we can further
improve Ad-IU-2s cell killing activity. We are also on the process of arming AdE4PSESE1a with a soluble TRAIL and creating
a hybrid tumor model containing both PSA/PSMA-positive and negative prostate cancer cells to test the therapeutic advantage
of TRAIL-armed PRRA.
DTIC
Adenoviruses; Cancer; Gene Therapy; Prostate Gland

Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Advanced Prostate Cancer
Wu, Lily; Feb 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hormone refractory and metastatic prostate cancer are not well understood. Better animal models, diagnostic and
treatment modalities are sorely needed for these advanced stages of disease. We have coupled non-invasive optical imaging
to develop metastatic prostate cancer animal models, and vector-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. A highly potent
and prostate-specific transcriptional regulatory system (TSTA) has been utilized to restrict the expression of our adenoviral
vector specifically to prostate or prostate cancer cells. In the diagnostic approach, this TSTA system will be applied to express
imaging reporter gene. Alternatively, the TSTA system will be applied to regulate the expression of viral replication proteins
in the therapeutic approach. In doing so, the viral amplification and cell lysis will be directed in a prostate-specific manner.
To date, the progress of this project is according to the proposed plan as the feasibility and the functionality of the
prostate-targeted oncolytic system was demonstrated. Interestingly, during our investigation, we have developed several
246
metastatic human prostate tumor models. The cancer dissemination process in these models can be easily monitored by non-
invasive imaging. These metastatic animal models will be the bases for us to investigate the efficacy of our diagnostic and
oncolytic therapeutic viral vectors.
DTIC
Cancer; Gene Therapy; Imaging Techniques; Metastasis; Prostate Gland
20060049754 Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH USA

Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ultrasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and Emergency Therapeutics
Thomas, James D; Sep 2005; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
To improve battlefield assessment of injured personnel we are exploiting several convergent trends in medicine and
technology, including ultrasound miniaturization and wireless connectivity. Specific aims include (1) validation of portable
ultrasound to diagnose cardiac tamponade, pneumothorax, intraabdominal hemorrhage, etc.; (2) extension of digital
echocardiography and local telemedicine to assist remote centers in transesophageal echocardiography; (3) Development of
wireless telemedicine systems to relay ultrasonic images and loops to a remote review station; (4) Development of a precision
guide for percutaneous drainage procedures using ultrasound guidance; (5) Combining this guide with wireless telemetry for
remotely guided drainage; and (6) Extending this work to real-time three-dimensional ultrasonography. The technical and
clinical challenges of such a proposal are complex but we have made significant progress on all aims, with wireless telemetry
of continuous ultrasound data already a reality. If these goals can be accomplished, the ability of the Department of Defense
to reduce mortality from battlefield trauma will be greatly enhanced. While this project has been developed specifically for
battlefield telemedicine, the tools and techniques developed herein will have enormous application in the civilian sector,
including delivery of diagnostic services to remote towns with little or no hardwire access to the internet.
DTIC
Diagnosis; Emergencies; Radiotelephones; Telemedicine; Ultrasonics
20060049763 Roswell Park Memorial Inst., Buffalo, NY USA

CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Generation of Molecular Probes Capable of Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-
2/neu Peptide Complex
Ko, Eric C; Mar 2006; 12 pp.; In English
The overall goal of this project is to probe the CTL - tumor cell interaction by generating scFv probes that are able to
recognize the HLA- A*0201-HER-2/neu369-377 peptide complex. In the 12 month period covered by this report I aimed to
improve the affinity of HLA-A*0201- HER-2/neu369-377 peptide complex-specific scFv 2.3.5 which was isolated during the
first 12 month period of this project. Utilizing three rounds of site-directed mutagenesis in the VL CDR3 and VL CDR1 of
scFv 2.3.5, I have generated and isolated a scFv clone named 2.3.5- 58-53 which exhibited markedly higher affinity for the
HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu369-377 peptide complex than the parental scFv 2.3.5. I will utilize scFv 2.3.5-58-53 to analyze the
levels of HLA-A*0201 :HER-2/neu369-377 complexes expressed by breast carcinoma cell lines and breast carcinoma lesions
in order to determine if there are correlations between the levels of antigen processing machinery components HLA class I
antigens Beta2-microglobulin and/or HER-2/neu on the levels of HLA-A*0201 :HER-2/neu369-377 complex on breast
carcinoma cells.
DTIC
Antigens; Breast; Cancer; Cells (Biology); Mammary Glands; Peptides; Tumors
20060049769 Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN USA

Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Mutations in Prostate Cancer
Liu, Wanguo; Feb 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The DNA damage-signaling pathway has been implicated in the development of prostate cancer since germline mutations
in several genes (BRCA1, BRCA2, and CHEK2) whose products are involved in this pathway have been associated with
increased risk for this cancer. We previously isolated a novel p73 up-regulated gene (p73R1) and identified p73R1 mutations
247
in prostate cancer. In this report, we screened 856 unselected prostate cancer specimens and detected a frequency of 2.6%
(221856) truncation mutations in prostate cancers in contrast to 0.6% (21327) in 327 population-based controls (Fishers exact
test, P = 0.036), with an odds ratio of 4.3 (95% confidence interval 1.2 - 21.2). In addition, we also demonstrated that mutant
p73R1 was unable to induce apoptosis and suppress cell growth in HeLa and Cos7 cells. The loss of function mutation in
p73R1 is due to the inability of the mutant to induce cytochrome c release from mitochondria. These results suggest that loss
of function mutations in p73R1 predispose men to prostate cancer and further support the concept that the genetic defects in
the DNA damage-response genes play an important role in the development of prostate cancer.
DTIC
Apoptosis; Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Functional Analysis; Mutations; Prostate Gland
20060049776 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Rijswijk, Netherlands

Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical Warfare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Survey 1990-2005
Noort, D; Jan 2006; 73 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454882; TNO-DV2-2005-A217; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This report is an update of TNO report PML 2003-A63. In this report an overview is presented of the methods currently
available for detection of exposure to a number of chemical warfare agents (CWA), i.e., sulfur mustard, lewisite and nerve
agents. Such methods can be applied for various purposes, e.g., diagnosis and dosimetry of exposure of casualties,
confirmation of non-exposure, verification of non-adherence to the Chemical Weapons Convention, health surveillance, and
forensic purposes. The methods are either based on mass spectrometric analysis of urine or plasma metabolites that result from
hydrolysis and/or glutathione conjugation (Part 1), or on mass spectrometric or immunochemical analysis of CWA adducts
with DNA or proteins (Part 2). Several of the methods have been successfully applied to actual cases.
DTIC
Biomedical Data; Chemical Warfare; Detection; Diagnosis; Exposure; Literature; Medical Science; Surveys

Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer
Neuhausen, Susan L; Mar 2006; 7 pp.; In English
Prostate cancer results from complex interactions among genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. Understanding
genetic risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of prostate cancer is crucial to design both preventative and therapeutic
strategies and to identify at-risk individuals. This knowledge could reduce the incidence of and death from this disease. The
primary objective of this grant is to investigate changes in genes that directly and indirectly regulate levels of male hormones,
which in turn, affect prostate cell growth, and may ultimately cause cancer. In this past 8 months, we have genotyped the DNA
samples for eight haplotype-tagging SNPs in IGF1, an additional ten SNPs in IGF1R,one additional SNP in IRS1 and three
additional SNPs in IGFBP3, as well as performed genotyping of the SRD5A2 V89L and CYP3A4 B1 polymorphisms from
the original proposal. We have performed statistical analysis of the 18 IGF1R SNPs and the PI3KCB and SHC1 SNPs. Two
of the IGF1R SNPs were significantly associated with Gleason score. More analyses are in progress.
DTIC
Cancer; Epidemiology; Genetics; Prostate Gland

A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors of Outcome
Dischinger, Patricia; Apr 2006; 20 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The purpose of this study is to identify a cohort of patients with mild Traumatic Brain Injury and follow them for 1 year
post injury to determine injury outcomes and identify factors that best predict long-term sequelae. The third year has been
dedicated to continued subject recruitment and follow-up. Human subjects approval was obtained from both the University
and Army review boards. Data entry and validation are an ongoing process which also includes data back-up and migration.
Laboratory protocols continue for the collection, storage, and processing of blood samples for the S-100b tests. We have
preliminary data on 108 samples. Preliminary data analysis has been initiated, as 43 of 80 one-year follow-up evaluations have
been completed. As of March 31, 2006, 147 subjects have been recruited. Since current recruitment to date has fallen short
248
of the original target of 300 subjects, a request for a no-cost extension through March 31, 2007, was filed on January 31, 2006,
and approved February 8, 2006, which would allow continued recruitment of subjects through September 30, 2006. Adjusted
target enrollment of 190-200 subjects with follow-up evaluations will continue through December 31, 2006.
DTIC
Brain; Brain Damage; Injuries; Predictions

Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vascular Endothelium
Lu, Bo; Feb 2005; 45 pp.; In English
We have proposed that Akt/mTOR signaling mediates cell survival and contributes to radioresistance. We intend to
investigate the cellular and molecular mechanism by which inhibition of Akt/mTOR or overexpression of PTEN in both
prostate cancer and its vasculature results in radiosensitization. In addition, we propose to determine possible association
between level or activity of these molecules and clinical response to radiotherapy. We have found that irradiation activates
Akt/mTOR signaling and combination of radiation and mTOR inhibitors enhances anti-angiogenic effects of irradiation via
upregulation of apoptosis. We will investigate the interaction of Akt, Pten and mTOR and its relevance in the targeted
therapeutics of prostate cancer.
DTIC
Cancer; Cardiovascular System; Endothelium; Prostate Gland; Radiation Therapy; Radiation Tolerance; Survival
20060049790 Antigen Express, Inc., Worcester, MA USA

Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine Inducer
Humphreys, Robert E; Feb 2006; 56 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
A large amount of effort has been focused on the optimization of human Ii-RNAi constructs during the past year. We have
optimized the use of a combination of human Ii-RNAi constructs, which target different sites of Ii mRNA, to obtain optimal
Ii suppression. More importantly, we have defined the influence of the promoter on the activity of Ii-RNAi. Our results indicate
that two elements are important for the activity of an Ii-RNAi construct: a) selection of the correct Ii-RNAi sequence that
targets a specific location on Ii mRNA; and, b) selection of the best promoter that is active in that cell line. We have defined
three active Ii-RNAi constructs and tested their activity of three different promoters, U6, CMV, and EF-1a. Each is active in
different types of cells. Lastly, we have tested the activity of our Ii-RNAi constructs in fresh tumor cells. Concurrently, the
task of optimization of the doses of IL-2 and IFN-~ is being addressed and optimized with our collaborator, Dr. Hillman.
Substantial progress has been made in the optimization of Ii-RNAi constructs. We will continue our effort to pick the most
active human Ii- RNAi constructs for prostate cancer clinical trial.
DTIC
Cancer; Dosage; Immunity; Physiological Responses; Prostate Gland; Ribonucleic Acids; Vaccines
20060049791 Oregon Health Sciences Univ., Portland, OR USA

Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Shannon, Jackilen; Mar 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
One in seven men over the age of 60 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Elucidation of early cellular changes that
may predict progression to prostate cancer and the identification of factors that may inhibit or reverse these cellular changes
would be of great clinical significance. Alteration of the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway is an early cellular change that has
recently come under investigation. Overexpression of the lipogenic enzyme FAS has been noted in several tumor and
pre-cancerous tissue types, including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer and has been suggested as
an independent predictor of disease stage. Additionally, inhibition of FAS has been demonstrated to induce apoptosis and
reduce cell proliferation in cancer cells. Fatty acid synthase expression in cancer and normal cells is regulated by the
transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1). The up-regulation of SREBP-1 in tumor cells
results in increased FAS expression and fatty acid synthesis. Research in normal cells has demonstrated that dietary
249
supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-3 fatty acids, inhibits SREBP-1 activation,
resulting in a decreased transcription of FAS.
DTIC
Cancer; Fatty Acids; Fishes; Hydrocarbons; Lipid Metabolism; Oils; Prostate Gland
20060049792 New Mexico Univ., Albuquerque, NM USA

Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role in Gulf War Illness
Lewis, Johnnye L; Bench, Graham; Hahn, Fletcher F; Oct 2005; 46 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This study investigates the potential for inhaled uranium oxide (UO) aerosols to penetrate the nose-brain barrier, directly
enter the central nervous system (CNS), distribute within the CNS, and result in slowly developing neurotoxicity. Inhalation
exposures to depleted uranium (DU) may have occurred during the GW in several scenarios of varying duration and airborne
uranium concentration. Nasal inflammation could alter sensitivity to uranium uptake. Nephrotoxic and pulmonary effects are
evaluated to determine whether CNS effects can occur at lower thresholds than nephrotoxic effects. In year 4, we focused on
analysis of tissues following long-term (30 days), moderate dose (1 mg/m3) uranium inhalation, with or without induced nasal
inflammation. Brain uptake was only seen in a subset of rats (2 of 12) and only in the olfactory bulb. Similarly, rats re-exposed
to long-term, low dose uranium in combination with induced nasal damage also showed a limited uranium uptake (3 of 24
rats). Histological evaluation of olfactory bulbs revealed an increased astrogliosis and an upregulation of tyrosine hydroxylase
(a marker for dopaminergic neurons) 180 days after uranium inhalation. No loss of large spinal motor neurons was seen at
the same timepoint. Uranium-associated kidney pathology was not notable at this exposure regimen, but alveolar macrophage
hyperplasia and particle inclusion were uniform and persistent, apparent even at 180 days post 30 day exposure.
DTIC
Aerosols; Brain; Central Nervous System; Deposition; Gulfs; Oxides; Paranasal Sinuses; Respiration; Sicknesses; Spent
Fuels; Uranium; Uranium Compounds; Uranium Oxides; Warfare
20060049793 Saint Luke’s Hospital Center, New York, NY USA

Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects on Prostate Cancer
Rosner, William; Feb 2006; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a plasma protein that binds androgens. It also is a transducer of androgen
signaling at the plasma membrane of prostate cancer cells. We have found that the human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP,
in addition to having a receptor for SHBG (RSHBG), produces its own SHBG. We hypothesize that local regulation
DTIC
Cancer; Hormones; Males; Prostate Gland; Sex
20060049794 Miami Univ., FL USA

cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Cooperate With Estrogen to Promote Estrogen Receptor Phosphorylation,
Ubiquitination and Proteolysis in ER Negative Breast Cancers
Chu, Isabel; Mar 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Estrogen regulates the proliferation and development of tissues expressing estrogen receptors and is implicated as a risk
factor for the development of breast cancer. One third of new breast cancers do not express estrogen receptor (ER) protein and
these have a worse prognosis than ER positive breast cancers. Here we investigated how mechanisms underlying the reduced
ER protein in ER negative cancers may be linked to their aggressive behavior. Estrogen binding to the ER rapidly stimulates
ubiquitin-dependent ER proteolysis which in turn regulates ER activity. Our data suggest that Src activates ER proteolysis.
Src can phosphorylated ER in vitro. Src transfection accelerated ER proteolysis in MCF-7 cells. The Src inhibitor, PP1,
impaired estrogen stimulated ER ubiquitylation and proteolysis in vivo and in vitro. The weakly ER positive, MDA-MB361
and ER negative, BT-20 breast cancer lines both have highly activated Src and decreased ER half-life. Thus, these data provide
250
a direct link between Src activation and ER proteasomal degradation and supports a model whereby Src many phosphorylate
ER, resulting in increased ubiquitination and proteolysis.
DTIC
Breast; Cancer; Estrogens; In Vitro Methods and Tests; In Vivo Methods and Tests; Phosphorylation; Tyrosine
20060049812 Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, IA USA

Development of Methods for the Real-Time and Rapid Identification and Detection of TSE in Living Animals Using
Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Eye
Petrich, Jacob W; Jul 2005; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) are thought to be caused by the accumulation of abnormal
protease-resistant proteins called prions, which are found in aging central nervous system tissue and in the eyes. Other
protease-resistant compounds, collectively called lipofuscins, also accumulate in CNS. Lipofuscins accumulate in the eye,
especially in the diseased eye. An increase in lipofuscin accumulation is known to occur in human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
victims and in other cases of experimental TSEs. Lipofuscins are fluorescent compounds with characteristic optical spectra.
Some individual lipofuscin compounds (especially from the eye) have been studied in detail with regard to optical and
chemical properties. The spinal cord and brain also have been observed to be fluorescent under certain wavelengths of light.
This is due in part to lipofuscin accumulation in this tissue. The literature indicates that abnormal TSE prions also display
characteristic optical spectra. The Principal Investigator s (PI s) preliminary data indicate that the fluorescent spectra of
scrapie-infected sheep brain differ substantially from that of the noninfected sheep brain. The purpose of this study is to test
the hypothesis that this spectral difference is the result of altered lipofuscin and/or prion spectral properties. Lipofuscins and
prions may serve as useful fluorescent markers, which are correlated with the occurrence of TSEs and can be detected by
spectroscopy.
DTIC
Animals; Detection; Diseases; Eye (Anatomy); Fluorescence; Real Time Operation; Spectroscopy

Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer
McBride, William H; Jan 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This proposal is to determine if radiation affects presentation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) through endogenous and
exogenous pathways by dendritic cells (DOs) and to devise strategies to enhance the manner in which radiation-induced cell
death is translated into the generation of tumor-specific immunity so as to achieve the best therapeutic outcome from radiation
therapy. From the conventional point of view radiotherapy is usually related to cell killing. However our hypothesis is that
radiation is more than just depleting cells. It also influences functional antigen presentation by DOs without killing them. We
chose PSA as antigen for this study but because of the high risk nature of the experiments and the high PSA expression levels
in prostate cancer patients we have also explored the possibility of monitoring the immune responses to the antigen surviving
in prostate cancer. Our approach to translate radiation-induced immunosuppression into beneficial tumor immunogenicity
focuses on IL-3 and/or GM-OSF treatment. Our studies on combined treatment of radiotherapy and IL-3 and on the effects
of radiation on PSA presentation by DOs are underway and are presented in this Progress Report along with other milestone
that have been attained.
DTIC
Antigens; Cancer; Modulation; Prostate Gland; Radiation Effects

A Theory of Object Recognition: Computations and Circuits in the Feedforward Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate
Visual Cortex
Serre, T; Kouh, M; Cadieu, C; Knoblich, U; Kreiman, G; Poggio, T; Dec 2005; 132 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454972; AI MEMO-2005-036; CBCL MEMO-259; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A07, Hardcopy
251
We describe a quantitative theory to account for the computations performed by the feedforward path of the ventral stream
of visual cortex and the local circuits implementing them. We show that a model instantiating the theory is capable of
performing recognition on datasets of complex images at the level of human observers in rapid categorization tasks. We also
show that the theory is consistent with (and in some case has predicted) several properties of neurons in V1, V4, IT and PFC.
The theory seems sufficiently comprehensive, detailed and satisfactory to represent an interesting challenge for physiologists
and modelers: either disprove its basic features or propose alternative theories of equivalent scope. The theory suggests a
number of open questions for visual physiology and psychophysics.
DTIC
Cerebral Cortex; Circuits; Feedforward Control; Primates; Visual Stimuli

Shape Representation in V4: Investigating Position-Specific Tuning for Boundary Confirmation with the Standard
Model of Object Recognition
Cadieu, Charles; Kouh, Minjoon; Riesenhuber, Maximilian; Poggio, Tomaso; Nov 2004; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0907; N00014-02-1-0915
The computational processes in the intermediate stages of the ventral pathway responsible for visual object recognition
are not well understood. A recent physiological study by A. Pasupathy and C. Connor in intermediate area V4 using contour
stimuli, proposes that a population of V4 neurons display object-centered, position-specific curvature tuning. The standard
model of object recognition, a recently developed model to account for recognition properties of IT cells (extending classical
suggestions by Hubel, Wiesel and others), is used here to model the response of the V4 cells described in Pasupathy and
Connor. Our results show that a feedforward, network level mechanism can exhibit selectivity and invariance properties that
correspond to the responses of the V4 cells. These results suggest how object-centered, position-specific curvature tuning of
V4 cells may arise from combinations of complex V1 cell responses. Furthermore, the model makes predictions about the
responses of the same V4 cells studied by Pasupathy and Connor to novel gray level patterns, such as gratings and natural
images. These predictions suggest specific experiments to further explore shape representation in V4.
DTIC
Boundaries; Pattern Recognition; Proving; Shapes; Tuning

General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tuning of Cortical Neurons
Kouh, Minjoon; Poggio, Tomaso; Dec 2004; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-04-1-0037; N00014-02-1-0915
Tuning to an optimal stimulus is a widespread property of neurons in cortex. We propose that such tuning is a consequence
of normalization or gain control circuits. We also present a biologically plausible neural circuitry of tuning.
DTIC
Circuits; Neurons; Neurophysiology; Synapses; Tuning

Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Spikes
Hung, Chou; Kreiman, Gabriel; Poggio, Tomaso; DiCarlo, James J; Jul 2005; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Understanding the complex brain computations leading to object recognition requires quantitatively characterizing the
information represented in inferior temporal cortex (IT), the highest stage of the primate visual stream. A read-out technique
based on a trainable classifier is used to characterize the neural coding of selectivity and invariance at the population level.
The activity of very small populations of independently recorded IT neurons (~100 randomly selected cells) over very short
time intervals (as small as 12.5 ms) contains surprisingly accurate and robust information about both object ‘identity’ and
‘category’, which is furthermore highly invariant to object position and scale. Significantly, selectivity and invariance are
present even for novel objects, indicating that these properties arise from the intrinsic circuitry and do not require
252
object-specific learning. Within the limits of the technique, there is no detectable difference in the latency or temporal
resolution of the IT information supporting so-called categorization (a.k. basic level) and identification (a.k. subordinate level)
tasks. Furthermore, where information, in particular information about stimulus location and scale, can also be readout from
the same small population of IT neurons. These results show how it is possible to decode invariant object information rapidly,
accurately and robustly from a small population in IT and provide insights into the nature of the neural code for different kinds
of object-related information.
DTIC
Pattern Recognition
20060049854 Alabama Univ., Birmingham, AL USA

A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy
Curiel, David T; Siegal, Gene; Wang, Minghui; Nov 2005; 80 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Gene therapy is a novel treatment modality which offers great potential for the control of carcinoma of the ovary. The
efficacy of such approaches, however, is currently limited due to the inability of available gene delivery vehicles (vectors) to
achieve efficient and selective gene transfer to target tumor cells. Proposed herein is a strategy to modify one candidate vector,
recombinant adenovirus, such that it embodies the requisite properties of efficacy and specificity required for ovarian cancer
gene therapy. This approach is based on targeting the delivered anti-cancer gene to tumor via two complimentary approaches.
This approach is based upon restricting the expression of the anti-cancer gene exclusively to ovarian cancer tumor cells
(‘transcriptional targeting’) plus directing the binding of the viral vector particle exclusively to tumor cells (‘transductional
targeting’). This ‘double targeting’ approach is highly novel. We hypothesize that the vector improvements we propose herein
will allow an improvement in the therapeutic index achievable by ovarian cancer gent therapy. Further, these strategies, if
shown to be efficient efficacious here, have the potential to be rapidly translated into the clinical context. In this regard, our
group has gained NIH regulatory approval and support for the employment of targeted vectors for ovarian cancer. We are thus
familiar with the upscaling and regulatory aspects of clinical translation of novel gene therapy approaches. The double
targeting approach we propose will allow us to illustrate key ‘proof-of-principle’ in a stringent animal model of cancer of the
ovary. This data will provide the rationale to endeavor a human clinical trial on this basis. In this event, our experience and
infrastructure can function to foster the most rapid possible transitioning of this strategy to the context of Phase 1 human
clinical trials for carcinoma of the ovary.
DTIC
Cancer; Diseases; Gene Therapy; Genes; Ovaries; Toxins and Antitoxins
USA
Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics from April 1, 2003, through March 31,
2004
Helfer, Thomas M; Jordan, Nikki N; Lee, Robyn B; Dec 2005; 9 pp.; In English
U.S. Army soldiers face unique noise exposures in the current deployed setting. The effects of these deployment-related
exposures have not previously been documented. In an attempt to initiate this process, medical evaluations performed at
military audiology clinics from April 2003 through March 2004 were reviewed to compare noise-induced hearing loss injury
(NIHLI) outcomes among soldiers whose diagnoses were classified as postdeployment-related versus non-postdeployment-
related. Sentinel NIHLI outcomes of interest included acoustic trauma, permanent threshold shift, eardrum perforation,
tinnitus, and military-specific H-3 and H-4 hearing loss profiles. The results show that significantly higher rates of NIHLI and
associated outcomes were observed among soldiers whose diagnoses were postdeployment-related. Based on the findings from
this evaluation, recommendations are provided for enhancing the force health protection posture for prevention of hearing loss
in future deployments. Key Words: noise-induced hearing loss injury, surveillance, postdeployment, evidence-based practice
DTIC
Armed Forces (United States); Audiology; Auditory Defects; Clinical Medicine; Combat; Deployment; Medical Services;
Military Personnel; Physiological Effects
253
20060050025 Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC USA
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Brucella suis Outer Membrane Proteins
Ding, Xuan Z; Bhattacharjee,, Apurba; Nikolich,, Mikeljon P; Paulsen,, Ian T; Myers,, Gary; Seshadri,, Rekha; Hoover, David
L; Jan 2005; 9 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Brucella, an aerobic, nonsporeforming, nonmotile Gram-negative coccobacillus, is a NIH/CDC category B bioterror
threat agent that causes incapacitating human illness. Medical defense against the bioterror threat posed by Brucella would be
strengthened by development of a human vaccine and improved diagnostic tests. Central to advancement of these goals is
discovery of bacterial constituents that are immunogenic or antigenic for humans. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are
particularly attractive for this purpose. In this study, we cloned, expressed, and purified seven predicted OMPs of Brucella suis.
The recombinant proteins were fused with 6-His and V5 epitope tags at their C termini to facilitate detection and purification.
The B. suis surface genes were PCR synthesized based on their ORF sequences and directly cloned into an entry vector. The
recombinant entry constructs were propagated in TOP 10 cells, recombined into a destination vector, pET-DEST42, then
transformed into E. coli BL21 cells for IPTG-induced protein expression. The expressed recombinant proteins were confirmed
with Western blot analysis using anti-6-His antibody conjugated with alkaline phosphatase. These B. suis OMPs were captured
and purified using a HisGrab plate. The purified recombinant proteins were examined for their binding activity with antiserum.
Serum derived from a rabbit immunized intramuscularly with dialyzed cell lysate of Brucella rough mutant WRR51. The
OMPs were screened using the rabbit antiserum and purified IgG. The results suggested that recombinant B. suis OMPs were
successfully cloned, expressed and purified. Some of the expressed OMPs showed high binding activity with immunized rabbit
antiserum.
DTIC
Bacteria; Cloning (Biology); Diseases; Membranes; Proteins; Purification; Vaccines

Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Cells, Tissues, and Medical Devices
Loftus, David J., Inventor; July 04, 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 26 Jul. 2003; US-Patent-7,070,923; US-Patent-Appl-SN-608884; NASA-Case-ARC-15088-1; No
System and method for enclosing cells and/or tissue, for purposes of growth, cell differentiation, suppression of cell
differentiation, biological processing and/or transplantation of cells and tissues (biological inserts), and for secretion, sensing
and monitoring of selected chemical substances and activation of gene expression of biological inserts implanted into a human
body. Selected cells and/or tissue are enveloped in a ‘cage’ that is primarily carbon nanotube Bucky paper, with a selected
thickness and porosity. Optionally, selected functional groups, proteins and/or peptides are attached to the carbon nanotube
cage, or included within the cage, to enhance the growth and/or differentiation of the cells and/or tissue, to select for certain
cellular sub-populations, to optimize certain functions of the cells and/or tissue and/or to optimize the passage of chemicals
across the cage surface(s). A cage system is also used as an immuns shield and to control operation of a nano-device or
macroscopic device, located within the cage, to provide or transform a selected chemical and/or a selected signal.
Carbon Nanotubes; Medical Equipment; Proteins; Gene Expression; Cells (Biology); Bioprocessing; Control Equipment;
Detection

Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Immunizations Administered in a Stressful Environment on Immunologic
Function
Russell, Kevin L; Ryan, Margaret A K; Mar 2006; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MIPR4CSNCM4036
Hardcopy
It is hypothesized that multiple vaccinations administered simultaneously in a stressful environment may induce an
exaggerated The immune response and adverse health effects. Epidemiological surveys have preliminarily confirmed adverse
health effects but not Th2 immune responses in multiply immunized war veterans. We propose a prospective clinical trial in
a military recruit population ( ~ 6 5 0t)o test the hypothesis that multiple, simultaneous vaccinations in a stressful environment
induce an exaggerated Th2 immune response in addition to adverse Th2- associated symptoms. This study aims to compare
254
the immune responses and health effects in recruits undergoing a multiple, simultaneous vaccination schedule with the s a l
e variables in those immunized with a staggered schedule. A Marine recruit population with routine high levels of stress will
be split into (I) multiple, simultaneous and (2) staggered vaccination groups. Cytokine and lymphocyte levels in addition to
lymphocyte stimulation studies will be performed on blood samples to compare immune responses. Questionnaires, sick call
databases, and comprehensive electronic military health databases will be used to compare health outcomes. Immunity to
infectious pathogens is critical for maintaining military readiness, but the potential effects of multiple, simultaneous
vaccinations are not well known. This study will contribute to existing research on the possible impact of multiple vaccinations
administered under stressful conditions.
DTIC
Immunology; Stress (Physiology)
52
AEROSPACE MEDICINE
Includes the biological and physiological effects of atmospheric and space flight (weightlessness, space radiation, acceleration, and
altitude stress) on the human being; and the prevention of adverse effects on those environments. For psychological and behavioral
effects of aerospace environments, see 53 Behavioral Sciences. For the effects of space on animals and plants see 51 Life Sciences.

Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Associated with Spaceflight
Zwart, S. R.; Watts, S. M.; Sams, C. F.; Whitson, P. A.; Smith, S. M.; [2006]; 9 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: CASI:
A02, Hardcopy
In several studies we tested the concepts that diet can alter acid-base balance and that reducing the dietary acid load has
a positive effect on maintenance of bone. In study 1, (n = 11, 60-90 d bed rest), the renal acid load of the diet was estimated
from its chemical composition, and was positively correlated with urinary markers of bone resorption (P less than 0.05); that
is, the greater the acid load, the greater the excretion of bone resorption markers. In study 2, in males (n = 8, 30 d bed rest),
an estimate of the ratio of nonvolatile acid precursors to base precursors in the diet was positively correlated (P less than 0.05)
with markers of bone resorption. In study 3, for 28 d subjects received either a placebo (n = 6) or an essential amino acid
supplement (n = 7) that included methionine, a known acid precursor. During bed rest (28 d), urinary calcium was greater than
baseline levels in the supplemented group but not the control group (P less than 0.05), and in the supplemented group, urinary
pH decreased (P less than 0.05). In study 4, less bone resorption occurred in space crew members who received potassium
citrate (n = 6) during spaceflight of 4-6 months than in crew members who received placebo or were not in the study (n = 8)
(P less than 0.05). Reducing acid load has the potential to mitigate increased bone resorption during spaceflight, and may serve
as a bone loss countermeasure.
Author
Bone Demineralization; Diets; Manned Space Flight; Bed Rest; Acid Base Equilibrium

Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Last 45 Years
Lane, Helen W.; Kloeris, Vickie; Perchonok, M. H.; Zwart, S. R.; Smith, Scott M.; [2006]; 11 pp.; In English; Copyright;
The prospect of a lunar outpost to conduct science and learn how to live and work off the Earth is exciting. The nutritional
sciences will focus on the issues of over all health, with emphasis on skeletal muscle health and prevention of radiation
damage. There is a great deal of research needed to determine the nutritional and food component potential for preventing the
changes that occur in space flight. Further research is also needed on the interactions of systems and countermeasures, such
as protein-amino acid needs for enhancement of muscle protein synthesis while not being detrimental for bone health. The
interrelationship between radiation exposure, nutrition, and food components has just begun.
Derived from text
Nutrition; Manned Space Flight; International Space Station; Extraterrestrial Radiation
255
20060048688 Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, MD USA
Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With 40% Oxygen/60% Helium
Smith, D J; Flynn, E T; Jun 1999; 29 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453323; NMRC-99-05; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453323; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
U.S. Navy Special Warfare divers frequently perform long-duration, multilevel dives while breathing air, 100% oxygen,
or nitrogen-oxygen mixtures in varying combinations. Dive depths range from 0-100 feet seawater (fsw) and dive durations
may extend up to 6 h or more. Present decompression procedures mandate lengthy decompressions that in many cases impede
mission accomplishment. This study explored the potential use of a hyperoxic helium-oxygen breathing mixture to reduce or
eliminate in-water decompression time on these profiles. The protocol simulated operational diving conditions with respect to
water temperature and exercise level. A total of 67 ‘no-decompression’ dives were completed successfully using 40% O2/60%
He as the breathing mixture: 55 dives were 6 h in duration at depths ranging from 50 to 60 fsw, 6 dives were 8 h in duration
at a depth of 60 fsw and 6 dives were 6.5 h in duration on a multi-level profile with depths ranging from 0-100 fsw. All dives
used standard USN descent and ascent rates without decompression stops. One case of possible neurological (Type II)
decompression sickness occurred during the series.
DTIC
Breathing Apparatus; Diving (Underwater); Gas Mixtures; Helium; Oxygen; Pressure Reduction
20060048971 Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, MD USA

Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Emulsion
Dromsky, David M; Spiess, Bruce D; Fahlman, Andres; Apr 2004; 6 pp.; In English
We examined an adjunctive treatment for severe decompression sickness (DCS) to be used when hyperbaric treatment is
delayed or unavailable. Hypothesis: It has been hypothesized that intravenous perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsion combined with
100% inspired O2 would improve the outcome in severe DCS. Methods: Swine (n = 45) were compressed to 4.9 ATA on air
for 22 h and brought directly to 1 ATA at 0.9 ATA min 1. The animals were then randomized to three groups. The first group
breathed ambient air, the second group breathed 100% O2, and a third group received 6 ml kg 1 of perflubron emulsion
(Oxygent ) intravenously and breathed 100% O2. Outcomes of neurological and cardiopulmonary DCS and death were
recorded. Results: Animals that received PFC emulsion sustained less DCS (p 0.01) than the other groups (53% vs. 93%). No
animals in the PFC group sustained neurological DCS, which was present in 69% of the subjects in the other two groups.
Conclusion: O2 breathing postdive did not significantly reduce morbidity or mortality in this model. Postdive treatment with
PFC emulsion and 100% O2 decreased the incidence of DCS after nonstop decompression from saturation.
DTIC
Decompression Sickness; Emulsions; Intravenous Procedures; Swine

Operator Functional State Assessment (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle de i’operateur humain)
Carter, R; Cheuvront, S N; Sawka, M N; Feb 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MISC-03-02
Climate; Hydration; Physical Fitness; Temperature Control; Water

A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using Modelling and Simulation
Cain, Brad; May 2006; 84 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454398; DRDC-TR-2005-255; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454398;
This assessment of intermittent work in hot environments was conducted to demonstrate the usefulness of modelling and
simulation to the Canadian Forces. Analytical predictions of work and rest durations were made using a thermal physiology
model and a human performance modelling tool, IPME The results indicate that current guidelines could be extended to cover
256
work in more extreme climatic conditions, including WBGT(C) values into the mid 40s, and that the published CF work and
rest durations may be too conservative in some conditions. The available time for this study did not permit validation of the
predictions by empirical studies, but an approach is presented for a more comprehensive investigation that would lead to a
validated update to the current guidelines for commanders.
DTIC
Military Personnel; Simulation; Stress-Strain Relationships
20060049453 Ljubljana Univ., Macedonia

Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Duty
Mekjavic, Igor B; Kocjan, Nina; Vrhovec, Miro; Golja, Petra; House, Carol; Eiken, Ola; May 1, 2005; 5 pp.; In English;
Hardcopy
Blood Circulation; Blood Flow; Low Temperature; Vasodilation; Winter

Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cognitive Performance During Sleep
Deprivation
Williams, Diane; Englund, Carl E; Sucec, Anthony A; Overson, Mark D; Feb 1998; 32 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454599; NHRC-95-8; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The cognitive performance effects of some stressors experienced in military training and combat were determined in a
field experiment. The effects of wearing chemical protective clothing (CPC) at Mission-Oriented Protective Posture Level IV,
walking 18 to 24 miles (29-39 km) while carrying a heavy backpack, and taking 50-mg oral doses every 6 hr. of
diphenhydramine (an antihistamine) were investigated on 72 Marines during a 36-hr. sleep deprivation double-blind,
placebo-controlled experiment. We administered tests that measured reaction time, spatial ability, memory, and logical
reasoning. The results suggest that wearing CPC for an 11-hr period or prolonged engagement in moderate exercise produces
general cognitive impairment in sleep-deprived participants. However, after repeated dosing, taking diphenhydramine has little
cognitive effect. These results suggest that, if a job is near the limit of a person’s cognitive abilities, performance may suffer
if the person is sleep deprived and required to wear CPC or engage in prolonged, moderate exercise.
DTIC
Antihistaminics; Cognition; Field Tests; Mental Performance; Physical Exercise; Protective Clothing; Sleep Deprivation
20060049697 State Univ. of New York, Stony Brook, NY USA

Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduction Systems for Family Maltreatment, Suicidality, and Substance Problems in
the USAF
Smith Slep, Amy M; Heyman, Richard E; Mar 2006; 11 pp.; In English
This project aims to enhance the capacity of the Air Force (AF) to reduce death injury and degraded force readiness via
reduction of the prevalence and impact of family maltreatment suicidality and alcohol/drug problems. Managing risk and
increasing resilience in military human resources (i.e. ‘Force Health Protection’) is a top priority for DoD and Armed Forces
leadership. The objective of this study is to enhance the AF’s current prevention delivery (known as the Integrated Delivery
System; IDS) infrastructure through (a) development and validation of an information system needed to direct prevention
efforts more effectively and efficiently; (b) adoption of a prevention-science- based approach; and (c) evaluation of its
effectiveness. When funded the proposed project was broken into two phases. This first phase is a demonstration project on
which to build a randomized trial. This project includes: (a) pilot testing the development of an innovative surveillance system
and validating its accuracy (at 3 AF bases) for family maltreatment suicidality and problematic alcohol and drug use and (b)
pilot testing the creation of an enhanced IDS by training community leaders in prevention-science-based intervention
methodology and testing the impact on factors that are prerequisites for effective community prevention initiatives and on
targeted outcomes.
DTIC
Armed Forces (United States); Drugs; Military Personnel; Risk; Surveillance; Violence
257
20060049704 National Inst. of Industrial Health, Kawasaki, Japan
Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of Individuals by using Conventional and Unconventional Methods Based on
Observation of CIVD Reactivity
Sawada, Shin-ichi; May 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Cold Tolerance; Reaction Kinetics; Reactivity; Vasodilation
20060049723 Portsmouth Univ., Portsmouth, UK

The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Non-Freezing Cold Injury
Eglin, Clare; Golden, Frank; Tipton, Michael; May 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Freezing; Injuries; Low Temperature; Physical Exercise; Sensitivity
20060049827 Jozef Stefan Inst., Ljubljana, Slovenia

Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Passive Heat and Moisture Exchanger
Mekjavic, Igor B; Eiken, Ola; May 1, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Frostbite; Heat Exchangers; Injuries; Masks; Moisture; Prevention
53
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew training and evaluation; and psychiatric research.

The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Scale
Smith, Scott M.; Dyer, C. B.; Pavlik, V. N.; Kelly, P. A.; Lee, J.; Doody, R. S.; Regev, C.; Pickens, C.; Burnett, J.; [2006];
13 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NIH-P20RR20626; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Research in elder self-neglect has lagged behind that of other forms of mistreatment, despite the fact that self-neglect is
the most common allegation reported to Adult Protective Service agencies throughout the US. The lack of a gold-standard to
measure self-neglect has hampered efforts to study this phenomenon. Researchers designed the Self-neglect Severity Scale
(SSS) based on interviews with Adult Protective Service workers and a national expert panel. The SSS is based on observation
and interview and is administered in the home to include an environmental assessment. It was piloted, extensively field tested
and then revised. The CREST SSS was developed using survey data and consultation with experts in the field. This instrument
utilizes observer ratings, interview responses, and assesses subjects physical and environmental domains. It also assesses
functional status as it relates to health and safety issues. After field and pilot testing the SSS was finalized and is currently
undergoing reliability and validity testing. The CREST SSS was developed as a state scale to provide a common language for
describing cases of self-neglect. It is the first self-neglect severity scale available to researchers. If found to be both reliable
and valid it can be used in future intervention studies.
Author
Human Behavior; Sociology; Psychology; Surveys; Scale (Ratio)
54
MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT
Includes human factors engineering, bionics, man-machine systems, life support, space suits and protective clothing. For related
information see also 16 Space Transportation and Safety and 52 Aerospace Medicine.

NASA Utilization of the International Space Station and the Vision for Space Exploration
Robinson, Julie A.; Thumm, Tracy L.; Thomas, Donald A.; [2006]; 10 pp.; In English; International Astronautical Congress,
258
2-6 Oct. 2006, Valencia, Spain; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE:
In response to the U.S. President s Vision for Space Exploration (January 14, 2004), NASA has revised its utilization plans
for ISS to focus on (1) research on astronaut health and the development of countermeasures that will protect our crews from
the space environment during long duration voyages, (2) ISS as a test bed for research and technology developments that will
insure vehicle systems and operational practices are ready for future exploration missions, (3) developing and validating
operational practices and procedures for long-duration space missions. In addition, NASA will continue a small amount of
fundamental research in life and microgravity sciences. There have been significant research accomplishments that are
important for achieving the Exploration Vision. Some of these have been formal research payloads, while others have come
from research based on the operation of International Space Station (ISS). We will review a selection of these experiments
and results, as well as outline some of ongoing and upcoming research. The ISS represents the only microgravity opportunity
to perform on-orbit long-duration studies of human health and performance and technologies relevant for future long-duration
missions planned during the next 25 years. Even as NASA focuses on developing the Orion spacecraft and return to the moon
(2015-2020), research on and operation of the ISS is fundamental to the success of NASA s Exploration Vision.
Author
Aerospace Environments; International Space Station; Microgravity; Spacecrews; Countermeasures; Bioastronautics;
Spacecraft Environments; Long Duration Space Flight; Biological Effects; Life Sciences

Supporting Situation Assessment through Attention Guidance: A Cost-Benefit and Depth of Processing Analysis
Horrey, William J; Wickens, Christopher D; Jan 2001; 6 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL0196-2-0003
Hardcopy
Automated support systems may be useful tools for aiding situation assessment in complex environments such as the
military battlefield. These environments are marked by large amounts of information that often must be weighted and
integrated into a meaningful judgment or assessment. The present research examines the effects of attention cueing on
information integration tasks in static battlefield situations. Sixteen participants completed a resource allocation task for 56
battlefield scenarios (based on perceived threats). For half the trials, an automated system guided their attention to high-threat
units. On two trials a memory probe was administered to assess the depth of processing of information, and on the final trial
an automation failure was presented. Results demonstrated an overall allocation performance advantage for automation but
poorer recall for automation-enhanced units. Half of the participants failed to attend to the system failure. Those participants
who detected the failure were inferred to have processed the cues more deeply on the memory trials. The costs and benefits
of automated cueing are discussed.
DTIC
Cost Effectiveness; Cues; Digital Data; Maps; Situational Awareness; Threat Evaluation

Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Biomagnetic Interfacing Concepts
Reich, D H; Chen, C S; Chien, C L; Meyer, G J; Leong, K; Searson, P C; Xiao, G; Jul 14, 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original
Hardcopy
A technique of increasing importance in biotechnology is the manipulation of cells and biomolecules with small magnetic
particles. In this research program, we developed a new type of carrier particle, multifunctional magnetic nanowires, which
possess tunable magnetic and chemical properties. These nanowires can carry out multiple tasks e.g. binding multiple types
of molecules, probing chemical activity in specific regions of a cell, and responding to light as well as to magnetic fields.
Among the DoD relevant applications envisioned for the nanowires are new techniques for biosensing, novel approaches to
tissue engineering, and a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches including rapid drug delivery, gene therapy and
high-efficiency cell sorting. This program carried out the development steps necessary to demonstrate the feasibility of these
applications.
DTIC
Biomagnetism; Biotechnology; Magnetic Properties; Nanowires; Tuning
259
Group Technology/Flow Applications Research (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Haumschilt, Lynwood P; Oakes, William S; Sep 1985; 17 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
The general subjects of GT (group technology), production cells, and shop flow have been in the technical press for some
time now. And the relationship to CIM (Computer Integrated Manufacturing) is also being introduced. All of these concepts
have much to offer the shipbuilder, but we need to relate these modern concepts to shipbuilding. In this talk, we will describe
these related subjects and the opportunities that shipbuilders have, a new look at CIM and GT from a shipyard perspective,
and several proposed practical projects involving a machine shop and a sheet metal shop. As we see it, ‘departments’ many
shipyard shops are set up in , grouping similar machines based on the commonality of the machines. Another way is to group
machines and processes based on the commonality of the groups of products being processed. This different viewpoint may
have a lot to offer us as shipbuilders in reduced costs and faster thruput.
DTIC
Computer Aided Manufacturing; Layouts; Marine Technology; Production Engineering; Ships; Technology Utilization

Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: 9/11 Commission Recommendations and Related Issues
Morgan, Daniel; Krouse, William; Feb 7, 2005; 7 pp.; In English
In its final report, the 9/11 Commission concluded that funding and completing a ‘biometric entry-exit screening system’
for travelers to and from the USA is essential to U.S. national security. The commission noted that the USA has built the first
phase of a biometric screening system known as US-VISIT, and recommended that the ‘patchwork’ of other border screening
systems be consolidated with US-VISIT to serve as the basis for a single system to streamline border inspections. This report
provides an overview of biometric technologies and the major U.S. biometric border screening systems, including US-VISIT,
and discusses issues such as cost, performance, and user acceptance. Based in part upon the commission’s recommendations,
Congress included biometric provisions related to entry/exit control in the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act
of 2004 (P.L. 108-458). This topic will probably continue to be of interest to the 109th Congress. This report will be updated
as needed.
DTIC
Biometrics; Security; United States

Tactile Land Navigation in Night Operations
Duistermaat, M; Dec 20, 2005; 47 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454334; TNO-DV3-2005-M065; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454334;
Soldiers who need to navigate using a visual display do not have their eyes and hands available for other tasks. This can
be prevented by presenting navigation information on a tactile waist belt, which proved to be effective in a previous study.
In the current study, soldiers’ performance on navigation and target detection in night operations was compared for three
different systems: the tactile navigation system (called the Personal Tactile Navigator or PTN), the Land Warrior System
(LWS), and a visual GPS system (PLGR). Twenty-four enlisted U.S. infantry soldiers evaluated a tactile land navigation
system in densely forested terrain. Each soldier also navigated equivalent 1500-meter routes with a Land Warrior System and
the visual Army GPS system. Evaluation data reveal that the tactile system was rated positively by the soldiers. In all cases,
the PTN system was rated higher than the visual GPS system, and, in most cases, the PTN system was rated as high as, or
higher than, the LWS system. Soldiers particularly appreciated the tactile system for its ease of use and enabling of eyes-free
and hands-free navigation. However, the questionnaire data as well as soldier comments reveal that the PTN system is not
appropriate for obtaining global situational awareness. These results support the proven effectiveness of PTN for land
navigation and also in adverse (visual) circumstances with a target detection task added. A potential stronger application could
lie in combining the tactile and visual information, especially to provide improved global situational awareness. The potential
advantages of a combined system, in which the soldier relies upon tactile information for navigation and occasionally checks
a visual display to obtain global situational awareness, will be tested in a follow-up study.
DTIC
Detection; Navigation; Navigation Aids; Night; Personnel; Reconnaissance; Target Acquisition; Touch; Vibration
260
20060049611 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Eindhoven, Netherlands
Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines
Heus, Ronald; Schols, Ed; Kistemaker, Lyda; May 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Frostbite; Skis

Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision
Correction Insert Stability Evaluation
Garrett, Lamar; Harper, William H; Ortega, Samson V; White, Timothy L; Sep 2006; 76 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Soldiers, first responders, and search-and-rescue personnel are among those whose job requirements include exposure to
hazardous and toxic elements. The Joint Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM), XM50/XM51 is being developed as the
next generation of respirators for all ground personnel of the U.S. Armed Forces. The JSGPM, together with personal
protective equipment, allows the operators the flexibility to tailor their protection, based on mission threat, thereby minimizing
weight, bulk, and heat stress. This study looked at JSGPM from a systems development perspective and evaluated comfort,
stability, donning and doffing procedures in comparison to the M40 series mask. Four configurations (M40 series mask with
Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology [JSLIST, jacket only], XM50 with hood, XM50 with JSLIST [jacket
only], and the XM50 with JSLIST [jacket only] and modified mask beard) were tested. The analysis showed that there were
no significant differences among any of the characteristics rated for the responses to the comfort and vision correction inserts
questionnaire. The results of the comparative questionnaires showed that 94% of the Soldiers rated the XM50 mask as better
than the M40 series mask.
DTIC
Comfort; Inserts; Masks; Protectors; Respirators; Stability; Systems Integration
20060050065 Research and Technology Organization, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France

Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach
October 2005; In English; RTO Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM) Symposium, 3-5 Oct. 2005, Prague, Czech
Republic; See also 20060050066 - 20060050107
Report No.(s): RTO-MP-HFM-124; AC/323(HFM-124)TP/63; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: C01, CD-ROM
Some topics covered include: The USA Army Future Force Warrior - An Integrated Human Centric System; Systems
Engineering, Acquisition and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Achieving the Promise of Human Systems Integration;
Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare
Capabilities; Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance; The Effect of Various Display
Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance; The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons Learned; Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing;
Prevention of Low Back Complaints; Stress and Psychological Support; U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness; and
Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective.
Derived from text
Combat; Human Performance; Systems Engineering; Mental Health; Prevention; Personnel
20060050066 Ministry of Defence, Utrecht, Netherlands

Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effective or is Refractive Surgery a Better
Option?
Rouwen, A. J. P.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
October 2005, pp. 38-1 - 38-11; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color and black and white illustrations;
Some categories of military personnel are not able and not allowed to use spectacles during active duty. The
Ophthalmology Department of the Central Military Hospital in the Netherlands has a 5 years experience with the use of a
second generation extended wear soft contact lens (Silicone Hydrogels) in Marines of the Royal Dutch Navy. During
operations, personnel should be able to wear the lenses day and night for at least 10 consecutive days, without removal or
261
cleaning of the lenses. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question if these special contact lenses are safe, effective
and useful in all individuals during prolonged deployments. Recently, military personnel are treated with refractive surgery
in order to cure their ametropia and after a military medical re-examination are being declared fit for all duties. This procedure
is discussed as an alternative.
Author
Contact Lenses; Deployment; Military Operations; Military Personnel; Ophthalmology
20060050067 Defence Science Technology Lab., Farnborough, UK

Exploration of the Area of Multinational Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Update of HFM-120/RTG
Activities
Verall, Neil G.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
October 2005, pp. R2-1 - R2-7; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy; Available
from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
HFM-120/RTG Exploration of the Area of Multinational Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors first began life as
Exploratory Team-036 (ET-036) in February 2003. The recommendation and formation of such an ET was the direct result
of recognising the emerging importance of cultural factors within modern military operations. The shift from traditional
warfighting capabilities to a more complex level of coalition interoperability has become more pronounced since the
operations in the Balkans during the early 1990s. The issues and lessons which arose from the high profile involvements in
Bosnia, Kosovo Afghanistan, and currently in Iraq, have illustrated the need to explore and consider the impact of cultural
factors on multinational operations. HFM-120/RTG is currently involved in exploring the key cultural factors that contribute
to effective multinational operations. This paper discusses the activities and progress to date, some emerging findings of
interest, and suggests some early direction for future work in this area.
Author
Military Operations; Recognition; Interoperability
20060050068 Institute of Aviation Medicine, Prague, Czechoslovakia

Long-Distance Government Flights - A Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Sorties?
Bartos, Dusan; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
October 2005, pp. 39-1 - 39-3; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available
The Czech Air Force Government Flying Service (CAFGFS) provides various forms of transport flights for senior
governmental representatives. There is a lack of objective knowledge on actual workload of flight crews, mainly during
long-haul flights. In some important characteristics these flights are essentially different from common long-haul flights,
performed by civilian carriers, whereas in others they are drawing on toward field sorties.5 demanding missions with crossing
from five to eleven time zones were monitored by medical observers. The duty and flight time periods, flight time on partial
legs, as well as the rest periods duration are devoted entirely to the mission agenda and sometimes are over the edge of the
principles of safety. Exceptionally demanding is the solving of unexpected circumstances of flight operations, as are the
changes of operational flight plan or the handling of in-flight emergencies. Key words: Long-distance government flights;
peaceful missions; psychological stress; medical check.
Author
Workloads (Psychophysiology); Stress (Psychology); Flight Operations; Flight Crews; Combat; Flight Time
20060050069 Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health, Oulu, Finland

Physical Activity during a 12 Days Military Field Training in Winter and the Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespi-
ratory Fitness
Rintamaki, Hannu; Oksa, Juha; Rissanen, Sirkka; Makinen, Tero; Kyrolainen, Heikki; Keskinen, Ossi; Kauranen, Kari; Peitso,
Ari; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005,
pp. 18-1 - 18-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on
CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of physical activity during a 12 days military winter training and
to investigate whether the operation affects soldiers’ muscular and cardiorespiratory fitness. The studied 12 days training was
consisted of 6 days combat training followed by 6 days combat shooting training. Altogether 23 male jaegers served as test
subjects. Each subject participated three times in a maximal oxygen consumption test (maxVO2) on a bicycle ergometer and
262
in six muscle performance tests: maximal voluntary isometric knee extension (KE), static jump (SJ), counter movement jump
(CMJ) and drop-jump (DJ) (40 cm bench) were performed on a contact mat, and for the measurements of mean anaerobic
power (AP) subjects performed five consecutive CMJs; maximal isometric rotation of the wrist (WR) was also measured. The
tests were carried out three days before the field operation (T1), at the 5th day of the operation (T2) and at the end of the
operation (12th day, T3). Four of the subjects were also equipped with GPS recorders, which measured route, speed, distance,
altitude and heart rate. The average daily temperature during training ranged from 0.5 C to -11.8 C. During combat phase the
average speed of soldiers was 1.00 - 1.85 km/h. Duration of these operations ranged from 1:33 to 3:14 h, and they were 2.85
- 4.48 km long. During shooting training the values were 1.30 - 1.40 km/h, 1:45 - 2:21 h, and 2.55 - 3.21 km, respectively.
During other activities on foot the average daily speed was 0.59 - 1.28 km/h. Resting period during night was on average 4:54
h. SJ increased and only WR declined on T2 and T3 in comparison to T1. Force production time during KE became
significantly slower during T2 and T3 compared to T1. In cardiorespiratory fitness there was in relation to the first test a
significant difference only in maximal heart rate. A slightly decreasing tendency was observed in other parameters. In
conclusion, the studied winter operation had only minor effect on soldiers’ maximal muscle performance, and no effects on
maximal oxygen consumption, ventilation or ergometer work load. However, the significantly lower heart rate both in T2 and
T3 in relation to T1 may reflect increased efficiency of cardiac function or increased plasma volume possibly due to the
training. It seems that the studied training did not produce long term fatigue.
Author
Combat; Heart Function; Heart Rate; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Respiration; Oxygen Consumption; Muscular Function
20060050070 Air Force Research Lab., Brooks AFB, TX, USA

Application of Shift Work Scheduling Principles and Tools for Optimizing Console Based Operations
Dart, Todd S.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October
2005, pp. 26-1 - 26-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI:
Modern command and control has created the novel paradox whereby units ‘deployed’ at their home base are tasked to
conduct wartime operations and face wartime stresses while simultaneously juggling peacetime administrative duties,
manpower intensive base support duties and social stresses not typically faced by deployed personnel. This often results in
units trying to cope by using rapidly shifting, haphazard work schedules that overstress their personnel and result in chronic
unit fatigue, decreased morale and social problems. Applying nine principle-based shift work scheduling techniques along with
the human performance modeling capability such as the Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) gives personnel of
console based units the tools needed to mitigate chronic fatigue, reduce mishap risk and increase mission effectiveness.
Author
Command and Control; Human Performance; Scheduling; Performance Prediction; Manpower; Deployment; Consoles
20060050071 QinetiQ Ltd., Farnborough, UK

Strategies to Improve Alertness during Extended Deployments
Stone, Barbara M.; Robertson, Karen A.; Turner, Claire; Spencer, Michael B.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during
Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 24-1 - 24-10; In English; See also 20060050065;
During extended deployments there are a number of strategies available to increase alertness. The initial approach is to
optimize work rest patterns and the tool being developed at QinetiQ will make this process simpler for commanders. The
judicious use of naps is the second approach recommended. The choice of nap duration should take into account the problem
of sleep inertia and allow sufficient time for recovery. Should these two approaches be insufficient then the use of drugs may
be considered. Depending on the time available for sleep, hypnotics such as temazepam (for sleep periods of 6h or more) or
zaleplon (for shorter sleep periods) have been shown to be effective, although particular care should be taken in the choice
of hypnotic for females. As far as stimulants are concerned, none are currently approved for use in the UK military. Caffeine
is effective and it may also lessen sleep inertia. Modafinil has a slower onset of activity and is long acting, although it may
impair subsequent sleep. A handbook for commanders or medical officers on the use of these strategies could be a significant
aid in the management of alertness during extended deployments.
Author
Stimulants; Alertness; Deployment; Drugs; Caffeine
263
20060050072 Air Force Research Lab., Brooks AFB, TX, USA
Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment
Caldwell, John A.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
Fatigue has been identified as an important operational problem in both military and civilian aviation. Requirements for
extended duty periods, inconsistent work/rest schedules, multiple-time-zone operations, and night flights combine to
potentially degrade performance and alertness in the cockpit. Duty-time limitations traditionally have been relied upon to
manage aircrew fatigue; but problems persist as evidenced by the fact that significant fatigue-related mishaps continue to
occur. Because of this, it is worthwhile to consider the limited use of alternative strategies such as stimulants. The data from
five placebo-controlled studies (four with dextroamphetamine and one with modafinil) were combined to examine the overall
efficacy of stimulants for preserving flight performance, physiological alertness, and subjective vigilance in sleep-deprived
pilots. Statistically-significant (p\h.05) drug main effects and drug-by-time interactions revealed that both compounds
maintained flight performance across six maneuvers, attenuated deprivation-related increases in slow-wave
electroencephalogram (EEG) activity, and preserved subjective ratings of psychological vigor throughout 34-39 hours of
continuous wakefulness, whereas substantial difficulties were observed under placebo. Dextroamphetamine and modafinil are
effective for sustaining aviator alertness and performance (although, some potentially dose-related adverse effects were
observed with modafinil). While it may be illadvised to rely upon the long-term use of these or other pharmacological
strategies as the sole remedy for fatigue in aviation, stimulants can be counted upon to temporarily mitigate the deleterious
effects of fatigue during operations in which no other countermeasures are feasible.
Author
Stimulants; Wakefulness; Aircraft Pilots; Alertness; Deprivation; Flight Crews; Physiology
20060050073 Chief of Naval Operations, Washington, DC, USA

Systems Engineering, Acquisition and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Achieving the Promise of Human Systems
Integration
Dolan, Nancy; McGovern, Jennifer; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 1-1 - 1-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations;
Emphasis on mission systems performance has focused on the development and implementation of technology. The
success of these systems hinges on the successful performance of the humans interacting with these systems to meet the
desired operational capabilities. The Systems Engineering, Acquisition, and Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT) program
identified and documented the processes and tool sets that allow successful implementation of mission systems that work and
are scalable across organizational structures and working within the current structure while it transforms.
Author
Systems Engineering; Systems Integration
20060050074 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA

Methodological Issues when Assessing Dismounted Soldier Mobility Performance
Bassan, David M.; Boynton, Angela C.; Ortega, Samson V.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 3-1 - 3-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains
parent document
A challenge in fielding new soldier equipment lies in assessing how to trade off the increased combat effectiveness
provided by the equipment with the decreased mobility associated with increasing the load carried by the soldier. In order to
help address this challenge, this paper examined the relationship between characteristics of the load carried and time to
complete an obstacle course. The objective was to derive a prediction equation for time to complete an obstacle course while
carrying weapon systems of various length and weight. Data from 13 studies conducted at the Aberdeen Proving Ground,
Maryland obstacle course from 1973 to the present were analyzed using regression analysis. We found a positive linear
relationship between obstacle course completion time and total load carried (r2 = 0.59, p\h0.000), with a slope of 3.58. That
is, each additional pound carried increased completion time by 3.58 seconds. Several issues related to the methodology for
evaluating and predicting mobility performance during load carriage were identified. Correct addressing these issues should
264
increase the r2 of the prediction equation. Recommendations and plans for future load carriage studies are also discussed.
Author
Mobility; Combat; Regression Analysis; Performance Prediction
20060050075 Army Research Lab., Fort Sill, OK, USA

Enabling Cultural Adaptability
Sutton, Janet L.; Gundling, Ernest; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 12-1 - 12-9; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations;
Military staff performing command and control functions require a unique set of skills when working in a multinational
environment that are not typically taught in national or NATO training venues. It is vital to be able to navigate the challenges
of culture during information exchange regarding team tasks, goals and mission, response sequencing, time and position
coordination, load balancing, matching resources to task requirements, adjusting activities in response to errors and omissions,
and general activity monitoring. Lack of skill in multicultural teamwork has been found to be an unnecessary weakness in
military staffs, specifically at the Joint Task Force level. This paper presents a technology solution: a web-based tool named
‘GLOBESMART(Registered TradeMark) COMMANDER’ currently under development by the U.S. Army Research
Laboratory Human Research and Engineering Directorate and MeridianEaton Global, an international consulting company.
Author
Human Factors Engineering; Education; Coordination; Command and Control; Adaptation
20060050076 National Defense Research Organization TNO, Rijswijk, Netherlands

HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assessment of Toxic Hazards in Operational Environments
Nieuwenhuizen, M. S.; Langenberg, J. P.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. R3-1 - R3-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01,
A general overview is given on the activities of HFM057 TG009 which include research and development in the area of
biotechnology applied for the assessment of toxic hazards in operational environments. These environments are increasingly
dangerous from a toxic hazards point of view whereas today s acceptance levels are increasing becoming lower.
Author
Biotechnology; General Overviews; Toxic Hazards
20060050077 Wright Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA

Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Uninhabited Military Vehicles: Human Factor Issues in Augmenting the Force
Reising, John M.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
HFM-078/RTG-17 will complete its term at the end of 2005. Its objective is to look at human operator issues involved
with uninhabited military vehicles. After some initial meetings, a crucial symposium in Leiden, Netherlands was held to frame
the issues to be addressed by the TG. The results of the symposium led to the following five key issues which form basis of
discussion in the final technical report: 1-Theoretical Frameworks, 2-System of Systems, 3-Cooperative Automation and
Computational Intelligence, 4-Controls and Displays, and 5-Human-Automation Integration. The capstone symposium will be
held in Biarritz, France in 2006.
Author
Human Factors Engineering; Intelligence; Display Devices
20060050078 Army Research Lab., Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA

The Effect of Various Display Modalities on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Performance
Schribner, David; Wiley, Patrick; Harper, William; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments:
A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 4-1 - 4-10; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color
document
The study examined the effects of auditory and visual displays, with and without an auditory alert cue (AAC), on a friend
or foe shooting task and secondary task performance. Visual display conditions were: a forearm-mounted display (FMD), 2)
265
a helmet-mounted display (HMD), 3) an FMD with an AAC, and 4) an HMD with an AAC. Results indicated that shooting
performance was hindered by the use of an HMD. Shooting errors while performing a dual task were minimized with the use
of an AAC for the secondary task. Additionally, of all display conditions, shooting errors were highest with the HMD, and
lowest with the FMD with an AAC.
Author
Display Devices; Helmet Mounted Displays; Errors; Human Performance; Task Complexity
20060050079 NATO Research and Technology Organization, Paris, France

Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Psychosocial Perspective
Meijer, Marten; deVries, Rodney; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems
Approach; October 2005, pp. 10-1 - 10-8; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations;
The maintenance of combat readiness of an Armed Forces combat unit is determined by many factors, such as material
readiness, training level, personnel readiness and combat exposure. From a study in the Royal Netherlands Navy among 8
seagoing units it appeared that personnel readiness is predicted by the quality and quantity of the personnel aboard and the
time that they are aboard of the combat unit. Especially training and personnel readiness are the human factors in the
maintenance of combat readiness. In 2004 an expert panel on the combat readiness of combat units in Iraq in showed that
prevention of moral injuries by unit cohesion and leadership contributes to this combat readiness. From a systematic and
systemic analysis of a deployment of Royal Netherlands Marine Corps battalions in United Nations Missions in Africa and
Iraq it appears that psychosocial factors contribute to the maintenance of combat readiness as well, such as the assistance of
military social workers before, during and after the deployment of the combat unit, including systemic interventions to the
home front of the deployed personnel. From the analysis of the satisfaction with early interventions after deployments for these
units and for a Landing Platform Dock, which deployed to Liberia in 2004, it appears that these interventions contribute to
the maintenance of combat readiness as well. We conclude that human factors and systematic, systemic psychosocial
interventions contribute the maintenance of combat readiness. Several recommendations are made to use these factors and
interventions to maintain combat readiness.
Author
Human Factors Engineering; Leadership; Education; Injuries; Exposure; Deployment; Combat; Design Analysis

Cognitive Performance in Operational Environments
Russo, Michael; McGhee, James; Friedler, Edna; Thomas, Maria; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 14-1 - 14-15; In English; See also 20060050065; Original
Optimal cognition during complex and sustained operations is a critical component for success in current and future
military operations. ‘Cognitive Performance, Judgment, and Decision-making’ (CPJD) is a newly organized U.S. Army
Medical Research and Materiel Command research program focused on sustaining operational effectiveness of Future Force
Warriors by developing paradigms through which militarily-relevant, higher-order cognitive performance, judgment, and
decision-making can be assessed and sustained in individuals, small teams, and leaders of network-centric fighting units. CPJD
evaluates the impact of stressors intrinsic to military operational environments (e.g., sleep deprivation, workload, fatigue,
temperature extremes, altitude, environmental/physiological disruption) on military performance, evaluates noninvasive
automated methods for monitoring and predicting cognitive performance, and investigates pharmaceutical strategies (e.g.,
stimulant countermeasures, hypnotics) to mitigate performance decrements. This manuscript describes the CPJD program,
discusses the metrics utilized to relate militarily applied research findings to academic research, and discusses how the
simulated combat capabilities of a synthetic battle laboratory may facilitate future cognitive performance research.
Author
Cognition; Mental Performance; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Military Operations; Medical Science; Automatic Control;
System Effectiveness; Sleep Deprivation
266
20060050081 Base Aerea de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
Influence of Physical Exercise in the Perception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Pilots
Herencia, Julio Antonio Carbayo; deMiguel, Laura Jimenez Prada; Garcia, Ramon Peyro; Rodriguez, Cesar Alonso; Diaz,
Carlos Velasco; deBarbara, Alberto Hernandez Abadia; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
Back pain is one of the most frequent problems in fighter pilots. A good physical fitness is necessary in order to improve
the tolerance to the high-G + environment where fighter pilots are so often involved. Physical training is absolutely essential
as a part of the daily activities of these pilots. However this habit is not completely consolidated among the pilot population.
Among the many benefits of physical training, the increment in the pain threshold in people practicing regular exercise has
been considered by different authors. So we can expect that pilots who practice regular exercise will perceive back pain with
a lower intensity. This study has a double aim: a) to assess the prevalence of fighter pilots performing physical training in
Albacete A.F.B. b) to assess if physical training has any influence on the intensity of back pain perceived by the pilots
Author
Physical Exercise; Physical Fitness; Pilots; Back Injuries; Education
20060050082 Army Aeromedical Research Lab., Fort Rucker, AL, USA

Visual Perception, Flight Performance, and Reaction Time Impairments in Military Pilots during 26 Hours of
Continuous Wake: Implications for Automated Workload Control Systems as Fatigue Management Tools
Russo, Michael; Sing, Helen; Kendall, Athena; Johnson, Dagny; Santiago, Saul; Escolas, Sandra; Holland, Dwight; Thorne,
David; Hall, Stanley; Redmond, Daniel; Thomas, Maria; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM
INTRODUCTION: Performance data from a visual perception task, complex motor flight task, and psychomotor
vigilance task were evaluated in U.S. Air Force Pilots navigating a high-fidelity fixed-wing jet simulator over 26.5 hours of
continuous wakefulness. METHODS: Eight military pilots on flight status performed the primary task of flying a simulated
12.5-hour overnight mission in an Air Refueling Part Task Trainer (ARPTT). Response omission to presentation of single- and
double-light stimuli displayed in random sequence across the cockpit instrument panel was the metric used to assess Choice
Visual PerceptionTask (CVPT) performance. Deviation from an established azimuth heading in the ARPTT during the CVPT
was the flight metric used to assess complex motor performance. Speed, lapse, false start, and anticipation were the metrics
used to assess Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) performance during crew rest periods. RESULTS: Significant visual
perceptual, complex motor, and psychomotor vigilance (speed and lapse) impairments occurred at 19 hours awake in the
8-subject group. CVPT response omissions significantly correlated with ARPTT azimuth deviations at r = 0.97, and with PVT
speed at r = -0.92 and lapses at r = 0.90. ARPTT azimuth deviations significantly correlated with PVT speed at r = -0.92 and
lapses at r = 0.91. CONCLUSIONS: Acute sleep deprivation degrades visual perceptual, complex motor, and simple motor
performance. Complex motor impairments in this task environment strongly correlate with visual perceptual impairments.
This research provides support for the use of visual perceptual measures as surrogates of complex motor performance in
operational situations where the primary cognitive inputs are through the visual system. This research supports the general
notion that assessing visual system processes might be a component of cognitive monitoring systems that could potentially
be applied to automated workload reduction systems.
Author
Visual Perception; Reaction Time; Flight Characteristics; Psychomotor Performance; Flight Crews; Human Performance;
Wakefulness; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Alertness
20060050083 Army Natick Soldier Center, Natick, MA, USA

The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Integrated Human Centric System
Brandler, Philip; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
October 2005, pp. KN1 - KN-12; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright;
The primary objective of Defense Acquisition in the USA is to acquire quality products that satisfy user needs with
measurable improvements to mission capability and operational support, in a timely manner, and at a fair and reasonable
price.1 In the interest of achieving this goal, Materiel Developers are directed to apply the principles of Human Systems
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Integration (HSI) to optimize total system performance (hardware, software and human), operational effectiveness (the overall
degree of mission accomplishment of a system), and operational suitability (the degree to which a system can be placed
satisfactorily in field use), survivability, safety and affordability.2 In short, Materiel Developers must ensure that systems are
built to accommodate the characteristics of the user population that will operate, maintain, and support the system. This is
achieved by ensuring the human is fully and continuously considered as part of the total system. Human performance is a key
factor in total system performance and enhancements to human performance correlate directly to enhanced total system
performance and reduce life cycle costs. The Department of the Army developed and established a program entitled
MANPRINT, which stands for Manpower and Personnel Integration, that addressed and implemented the DoD Directive
regarding Human Systems Integration.3 In fact, the importance and success achieved by the Army’s early MANPRINT
program led the Office of the Secretary of Defense to adopt the concept for the entire Department of Defense.4 The terms
Human Systems Integration (HSI) and MANPRINT are synonymous. The difference between them is simply that the term
‘HSI’ is a term used by all the Services, whereas MANPRINT is typically only used by the US Army. MANPRINT is a
comprehensive management and technical program designed to improve total system (Soldier and equipment) performance
by ensuring that the human is fully and continuously considered as part of the total system in the development and/or
acquisition of systems. Similar to HSI, MANPRINT is an umbrella term that refers to seven disciplines that are critical to
optimizing the man-machine, total-system approach. They are Manpower, Personnel, Training, Human Factors Engineering,
System Safety, Health Hazards, and Soldier Survivability.
Derived from text
Human Factors Engineering; Support Systems; Systems Engineering; Man Machine Systems; Human Performance; Life
Cycle Costs
20060050084 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, San Diego, CA, USA
Integration and Application of Human Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: Assessment of Network Centric Warfare
Capabilities
Quashnock, Dee; Smillie, Robert J.; Kelly, Richard T.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
parent document
Naval warfare in the 21st century will become increasingly information intensive, requiring warfighters to process and
respond to large amounts of data in a reduced time frame. Reliable, network-centric information technology systems are
indispensable for ensuring well coordinated command and control (C2) and mission planning and execution. The US Navy
s network centric warfare construct, FORCEnet, has underscored the importance of creating network-based information
technology systems that can be used easily, efficiently, and effectively. Human Systems Integration (HSI) addresses the
relationship between human users and FORCEnet technologies in order to promote effective and efficient mission
performance. HSI assesses how human users affect a system and how a system affects the humans who interact with it. Trident
Warrior 2004 (TW04) was a fleet experiment, conducted in September 2004, that provided an opportunity to collect
performance data in a realistic field setting during simulated combat operations. In TW04, HSI addressed the relationship
between human users and FORCEnet technologies in order to promote effective and efficient mission performance. HSI
focused on determining the impact of improved user interfaces to FORCEnet systems.
Author
Information Systems; Systems Integration; Warfare; Combat; Command and Control
20060050085 Research Inst. of Military Medicine, Helsinki, Finland

Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
Training Operation
Mantysaari, M.; Kyrolainen, H.; Hamalainen, H.; Karinkanta, J.; Santtila, M.; Koski, H.; Strategies to Maintain Combat
Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 17-1 - 17-4; In English; See also
20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire
parent document
Maintaining soldiers physical and mental capacities throughout an operation is essential for the success. Monitoring of
these capacities is needed to avoid exhaustion and incapacitation that can compromise the success of the operation. Monitoring
of physiological parameters is one way to follow-up the effects of physical and mental loading. The goal of this kind of
monitoring should be to enable us to predict the remaining capacity in an individual soldier during the different phases of an
operation. In the present study we evaluated the usefulness of heart rate variability (HRV) for monitoring the soldiers
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physiological status during a 19-day ranger training operation. The electrocardiographic recordings were done by the soldiers
themselves each morning immediately after wake-up. The HRV analysis was done after the operation. We did not observe any
significant changes in the time and frequency domain parameters during the 19-day training. The quality of the ECG was so
poor in about half of the recordings that the HRV analysis was not possible. Our conclusion is that in field conditions HRV
analysis is suitable for physiological monitoring only if the data collection is done by professional personnel guaranteeing the
quality of the data. Self performed data collection for HRV analysis can give acceptable data in tasks in which the soldier is
sitting most of the time.
Author
Heart Rate; Physiological Effects; Exhaustion; Electrocardiography; Data Acquisition; Physiology
20060050086 Institut de Medicine Aerospatiale Armee, Bretigny sur Orge, France

(Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Combination for Maintaining Alertness and Performance in a Context of
Continuous Operations)
Beaumont, Maurice; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
Introduction. Continuous operations demanding 24-hour round-the-clock capability need a high level of performances
overnight and a good quality of sleep during short rest periods before being on duty. Sleep loss impairs cognitive performance
and alertness, resulting in an increased risk of accidents and of failure to achieve missions objectives. Rationale. When
relieving personnel is impossible, it can be proposed a pharmacological help to promote a sleep of good quality during rest
periods between missions and to maintain cognitive performance throughout long and continuous work periods. Methods. This
study was designed to assess the interest of 300-mg slow release caffeine (SRC) and 200- mg modafinil administered for
enhancing nighttime alertness, given with and without 10-mg zolpidem for inducing prophylactic sleep. 8 healthy male
volunteers completed a 42h work/rest schedule including a 6h sleep period (21:00-03:00) followed by a 6h work period
(03:00-09:00), a second 6h (prophylactic) sleep period (09:00-15:00), a long (18h) work period (15:00-09:00) and finally a
6h recovery sleep period (09:00-15:00). Subjects performed six conditions: placebo-placebo, zolpidem-placebo, placebo-
modafinil, zolpidem-modafinil, placebo-SRC and zolpidem-SRC. Zolpidem and placebo were administered at the beginning
of the prophylactic sleep period, and modafinil, SRC and placebo at midnight, midway through the 18h work period. Sleep
was analyzed from continuous polysomnographic recordings. Performance level was assessed with a reaction time test, a
memory search test, a dual task, an attention test and a computerized Stroop test. Central fatigue was evaluated by the Critical
Flicker Frequency test. Wakefulness level was evaluated subjectively using analogical visual scale and questionnaires. Ten
measures were performed during each work period. Results. Regarding performance and alertness, slow release caffeine and
modafinil maintained performance and wakefulness throughout the 18-hour period of work. Zolpidem-induced sleep did not
improve later performance more than natural sleep, but no impairment in performance was observed immediately after
awakening. In any combination, zolpidem slightly enhanced the efficiency of each psychostimulant on performance.
Regarding sleep quality, zolpidem improved prophylactic sleep quality and as a result, a less amount of deep sleep was needed
during the recovery period following the long 18h) work period compared with the placebo condition. In addition, subjects
under zolpidem had no difficulty in awakening. Despite some alerting effects of psychostimulants on recovery sleep (less
amount of deep sleep under modafinil and SRC, less efficiency of sleep in modafinil condition only) even enhanced by
zolpidem (due to a less need of recovery sleep), no subject reported decrements in efficiency, mood and health after the study.
Conclusion. Modafinil and slow-release caffeine may be of value in maintaining performance and wakefulness during a long
period of work scheduled in shiftwork or military settings. Zolpidem also may be useful for promoting a quasi physiological
prophylactic sleep, particularly in the field where environmental conditions often are unfavorable for sleep. Therefore, a
zolpidem / slow-release caffeine or modafinil combination appears to be useful in a context of long work schedule in case of
increase in workload especially in field conditions.
Author
Mental Performance; Workloads (Psychophysiology); Wakefulness; Physiology; Health; Alertness
20060050087 Bundeswehr Institute of Medical Occupational and Environmental Safety, Berlin, Germany
Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply with Special Provision for Experiences in ISAF 2003
Zimmer, Jeannot; Zijp, Jaap; Winter, M.; Franke, E.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments:
document
269
In a multinational environment in NATO-missions it is necessary to create an interdisciplinary approach for a management
on the emergency treatment in theatre. Especially for the triage management not only the practical work on patients has to be
coordinated but as well the support for these treatments. One of the issues in the second line is the provision of blood products.
As a matter of fact the right product has to be made available at right place and time. To fulfill this demand the tight
cooperation between theatre hospitals including their blood banks is absolutely necessary. In disaster scenarios the
combination of blood products like normal red packed cells, deep frozen red cells and fresh produced whole blood donations
is essential to back up the treatment of severely injured soldiers. Necessities to achieve this objective is the multinational work
at field hospitals with an active blood bank management. With that cooperation it is possible to handle attacks like the one
on German soldiers at the bus bombing in July 2003 and to support successfully lifesaving treatments. Through optimization
of limited resources even soldiers with rare blood group typings will get a chance to survive.
Author
Blood; Blood Groups; Blood Volume; Emergencies; Erythrocytes; Disasters
20060050088 Finnish Defence Forces, Finland

A Research Program on Health, Performance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Long-Term Combat during Winter
Peitso, Ari; Rintamaeki, Hannu; Anttonen, Hannu; Latvala, Jari; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 22-1 - 22-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright;
The information of the effects of cold environment on health and performance of soldiers comes mainly from short-term
measurements, which have lasted only for a few hours or maximally a few days. However, it could be expected, that during
long-term strenuous combat exercise in winter conditions several factors e.g., physical and mental fatigue, decrease of thermal
insulation of clothing due to moisture and dirt, and dehydration may decrease performance. The aim of this research program
is to improve military performance in extended military operations in cold conditions. The research is performed in
co-operation with Finnish Defence Forces and the Oulu Regional Institute of Occupational Health during years 2003 2007 in
Northern Finland. The measurements are carried out in ca. two weeks winter combat exercise and in additional laboratory and
field measurements. In a two weeks winter maneuver in December 2004 the study was carried out in four levels: 1) Soldiers
from two companies (n = 319) answered to detailed questionnaires before the exercise, in the middle of the exercise before
starting the shooting training, and at the end of the entire exercise. In the first questionnaire the background and expectations
were asked. In the later questionnaires the experiences were recorded by the same structure as in the first questionnaire. 2)
One platoon (28 subjects) from these companies was selected for detailed physical and health examinations, which were
carried out before, in the middle and after training. Moreover, their experiences, physical and mental strain, nutrition and
evaluations of clothing were recorded every day by several questionnaires. 3) The thermal balance of 10 subjects was
measured continuously during the exercise by recording skin and clothing temperatures, heat flow from the skin and moisture
inside the clothing. Also heart rate was measured and the movements of four subjects were recorded by satellite navigation
system (GPS). 4) The activities of the studied groups were recorded by military personnel, and they also evaluated the military
performance of the companies. The data was recorded successfully and in spite of many studied parameters, the collaboration
between researchers, military personnel, and studied units and individuals worked well. Before starting the study, only a few
subjects refused to participate in the measurements, which were based on voluntary participation. The troops and individuals
were usually able to perform their tasks. Preliminary results suggest e.g., that there was no marked decrease in physical
performance during the field exercise and the expectations and experiences were strongly associated with each other.
Author
Combat; Winter; Thermal Insulation; Stress (Psychology); Military Personnel; Environmental Tests; Dehydration; Heart
Rate; Temperature Measurement
20060050089 Centro de Instruccion de Medicina Aeroespatial, Madrid, Spain

Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Environments
Puente-Espada, B.; Lopez-Lopez, J.; Esteban-Benavides, B.; Vallejo-Desviat, P.; Azofra-Garcia, J.; Velasco-Diaz, C.;
DelValle-Garrido, J.; Rios-Tejada, F.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 23-1 - 23-10; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02,
Cold stress can overwhelm physiological response to very cold exposures. Temperature is regulated by changes in
cutaneous vascular network. Other factors to be considered are: shivering thermogenesis, carbohydrate oxidation, body
composition, age, gender, exercise, endurance and tolerance. Aircrew can be exposed to such environment in various critique
periods, mostly during the ground preflight operations. While the cockpit is protected from wind and not as cold as the outside,
270
pilots engage in very limited physical activity and cannot wear high-bulk clothing. Time is critical until engine start is
performed. The problem is not only to prevent frostbite or hypothermia, but also to ensure optimal handling of the aircraft and
adequate capacity to cope with emergencies. The Eurofighter Instrumented Production Aircraft (IPA) 4, operated by EADS
CASA at Getafe near Madrid, was deployed to Vidsel in the very north of Sweden, near the Arctic Polar Circle, to start with
the implementation of special ‘Extreme Cold Weather Trials’. There, the aircraft and the test team faced temperatures between
-25 and -31 Celsius in that time of the season. The deployment that tested the aircraft, its systems and performance in such
environment, consisted of more than 60 people, including pilots, mechanics, technicians, engineers, doctors and other
supporting personnel. All staff members participating in this exercise received a specific arctic training and were provided with
special protective garment. The test team came from EADS Military Aircraft Spain or the Eurofighter Consortium (EADS
CASA, EADS Germany, BAEs Systems and Alenia), from the Spanish engine manufacturer ITP, partner of the Eurojet
consortium, from INTA, the Institute for Aeronautical Research, from CIMA the Aeromedical Center in Madrid and from the
Spanish Air Force, everything ran under the supervision of the Defence Ministry in Madrid. To monitor and store the test data
acquired, among other equipment a mobile MIDS (Multifunction Information Distribution System) station was deployed to
Vidsel.
Derived from text
Aerospace Medicine; Hypothermia; Frostbite; Flight Crews; Ground Operational Support System; Deployment; Cold
Weather; Exposure; Physiological Responses
20060050090 Defence University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic

Selected Environmental Factors of Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Deployment in Afghanistan and Health
Status Markers after their Homecoming
Chaloupka, Jiri; Pavel, Josef; Naplava, Pavel; Bednarcik, Peter; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
In the frame of ISAF operation, the Field Hospitals of the Czech Armed Forces were deployed in Afghanistan near Kabul.
Their operation period was since May 2002 till February 2003. Physically and psychically demanding work in adverse and
variable climatic conditions and bacteriologically contaminated dusty environment required enhanced medical surveillance to
maintain soldiers good health status during their activities. 1448 samples of clinical material, food products, water and
environmental materials were examined in a mobile laboratory. The highest morbidity ratio was observed in guard duty
members, it was three-times higher than morbidity of other soldiers. 262 staff members of the Field Hospitals were medically
examined after their homecoming. Physical examinations were in physiological range almost in all soldiers. Less significant
signs of leukocytosis, the slight increase of liver transaminases, and the moderate increase of erythrocyte sedimentation,
moderate haematuria and proteinuria were most common laboratory disturbances. In some soldiers, increased levels of
antibodies against Rickettsias, M. Dengue and Chlamydias were detected. Parasitological findings in faeces were
inconsiderable. Still after quarantine period no signs of serious disease were observed and most of labor findings were
normalized.
Author
Antibodies; Deployment; Contamination; Infectious Diseases; Hazards; Physiology; Erythrocytes
20060050091 National Defence Headquarters, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness
Jaenen, Suzanne; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
With the conclusion of the RSGs 4, 8, and 17, as well as the Workshop on Optimizing the Performance of Women in the
Armed Forces of NATO, there remained open questions concerning mission-related testing and training. The Research and
Technical Organization (RTO) recognizes the need to address these issues in light of the wide range of missions (coordinating
humanitarian relief, coordinating emergency and relief operations in the event of a disaster, both nature and man-made, civil
emergency measures, addressing instability caused by regional and ethnic conflicts, defence again terrorism and countering
other threats to modern society) and increased deployment of NATO personnel on operations since 1997 (NATO in the 21st
Century \@ http:www.nato.int/docu/21-cent/html). The revised spectrum of NATO missions requires a new approach to
operational physical fitness. Specifically, a new necessity to define, assess, evaluate and optimize physical capability by setting
appropriate criteria and methodology was identified by an exploratory team that met in Spain in 2002. As a result of the
271
exploratory meeting, Task Group 019 on Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness was established to determine the
requirement for physical fitness for military personnel in order to prepare military personnel for physical task requirements,
to prevent physical overburdening, and to reduce injuries. The efforts of RTG-019 Optimizing Operational Physical Fitness
will represent the international agreement for evidence based findings which may provide the basis for policy decision. The
efforts of RTG-019 continue, and as such, the information contained in this report represents the efforts of the group to date.
Author
Physical Fitness; Optimization; Deployment; Military Personnel; Injuries; Education
20060050092 Walter Reed Army Inst. of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Performance in the Operational Environment
Balkin, Thomas J.; McBride, Sharon; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
Among the challenges inherent in integrating the human into a system of systems is the fact that human capabilities and
performance vary across time. In continuous operations, this variance is to a large extent a function of sleep loss and circadian
desynchrony. To minimize the risks associated with sleep loss and to optimize performance during continuous operations, we
are developing a comprehensive system to manage operator sleep and alertness. This system will support human performance
by facilitating informed decisions regarding the administration of pharmacological fatigue countermeasures (choice of drug,
timing, and dose), the scheduling of recovery sleep opportunities (e.g., duration and timing), and other behavioral
countermeasures (e.g., application of environmental stimuli such as light) in the operational environment. The main
components of this system include (a) wrist actigraphy for objective determination of the operators recent sleep/wake history;
(b) fatigue countermeasures; and most importantly (c) a mathematical model in which the relationship between sleep, the
circadian rhythm of alertness, and various aspects of performance have been quantified. The latter serves as the lynchpin of
the sleep management system, and is a necessary component of strategies to achieve human system integration during
continuous operations. This model provides the performance capability predictions necessary for making appropriate demands
upon personnel resources over time. Of the three main components of the sleep and alertness management system, wrist
actigraphy is the most advanced, having been shown in several previous studies to be a valid and reliable means of
distinguishing sleep from wakefulness. Next in terms of maturity is the effort to evaluate the efficacy of different fatigue
countermeasures. However, our recent studies [in which the effects and efficacy of modafinil, damphetamine, and caffeine
were compared in a head-to-head manner] show that each restores a unique subset of cognitive abilities, and none restores all
of those aspects of cognitive performance that are decremented by sleep loss. This suggests the need for further research on
the use of alternative and/or supplemental agents during continuous operations (e.g., new stimulants and/or cognitive
enhancers). The least developed component, and the primary focus of our current research program, is the sleep
performance/prediction model. The current version of this model predicts average performance on a psychomotor vigilance
task during total sleep loss. However, its utility in the operational environment will ultimately depend on its ability to predict
(a) the effects of sleep loss on individuals; (b) the effects of fatigue countermeasures; (c) the effects of sleep restriction versus
total sleep deprivation; and (d) the amount of sleep needed to recover from a period of sleep loss (i.e., to specify optimal
recycle rates).
Author
Alertness; Human Performance; Mental Performance; Psychomotor Performance; Sleep Deprivation; Stimulants; Circadian
Rhythms; Management Systems; Wakefulness
20060050093 Ministry of Defence, The Hague, Netherlands

The Risk Assessment of Occupational and Environmental Hazards
IJzerman, C.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October
2005, pp. 34-1 - 34-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI
In this presentation the importance of risk assessment of occupational and environmental health hazards is illustrated by
the results of a Dutch study on the health effects of a deployment in Bosnia-Herzegovina. In 1996 a group of military personnel
that had been deployed on a compound near Lucavac reported health problems which they related to their deployment more
than a year earlier. Their compound had been located on a former cokes factory and people thought their complaints were
related to chemicals that had been present in the environment. A study was ordered and the people that had been in Lucavac,
together with a control group that had been deployed elsewhere in Bosnia were given questionnaires. The available data on
the occupational and environmental situation of the compound were extensively reviewed for the possibility of health risks
272
from chemical or other origin. In the Lucavac group substantially more health problems were found than in the control group.
The overall conclusion of the study was that there had been no substantial exposure to toxic factors that could account for the
differences between the two groups. Perceived health threats that had not been addressed adequately in an early stage, may
have been an important causal factor. Since then much attention is paid to a thorough investigation of the areas before and
during deployments. Three examples are given on different situations in which it has been important to assess possible hazards
and to advise and communicate about them. It is important to conduct a thorough assessment of environmental and
occupational hazards before and during deployment, not only for the possible direct effects on health during the mission, but
especially for the effects of the perceived health threats afterwards. Perceived health threats during a mission can play an
important role in the development of complaints after deployment and it is of the utmost importance to have a clear view on
the reality of the risks and the communication about them to the personnel.
Author
Hazards; Deployment; Exposure; Military Personnel; Risk; Toxicity
20060050094 Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Fort Detrick, MD, USA
U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and Readiness
Romano, James A., Jr.; Lukey, Brian J.; Stetz, Melba C.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
parent document
Today s warfighter like all his predecessors is exposed to an inordinate amount of stressors on the battlefield. A few
examples include, sleep deprivation because of the high operational tempo, information overload due to the complex
network-centric environment of modern warfare, emotional strain brought about by surrounding violent acts, and anxiety for
the welfare of their family members left behind. The Military Operational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP), nested in
the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, is a multi-laboratory program that studies the warfighter as a
biomedical system in an effort to maintain his/her health and combat readiness. This paper presents MOMRP s research efforts
that focus upon a few of the tools developed to assess mental health and cognitive functioning and the employment of those
tools to evaluate our troops. One of the tools is the ‘Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics’ which consists of
a library of computerized tests to measure cognitive processing efficiency to include attention, memory, problem solving,
process efficiency, and performance consistency. Several research groups have successfully employed this tool in a variety of
studies to include the effects of concussion from sport injuries and military operations. The tool is being validated and
developed for commercial production. The ‘Actigraph’ is a wristwatch-like device that measures movement which enables
determination of an individual s sleep/wake cycle, and consequently can estimate mental fatigue resulting from sleep loss.
Sleep is being recognized as a commodity requiring replenishment for proper mental function and the actigraph can serve as
a meter of sleep deprivation. The flight simulator at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory has been used to study
the effects of sleep loss. Using the simulator, the investigators found that pilots flying over-night missions had significant
visual perceptual impairment and complex motor performance impairment, beginning 19 hours after continuous wakefulness.
Author
Aerospace Medicine; Mental Health; Combat; Warfare; Wakefulness; Psychology; Mental Performance; Medical Science

Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness during Sustained Operations
Kloepping, W.; Jonkman, A.; Valk, P.; Simons, M.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments:
document
Introduction: During sustained operations, a combined use of a hypnotic to induce sleep under difficult circumstances and
a psycho-stimulant to improve performance and alertness during night-shift work or after sleep deprivation may be necessary.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of modafinil and caffeine as countermeasures to hypnotic induced sleepiness.
Methods: 18 healthy subjects (moderate coffee consumers) participated in a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind
crossover study. Sleepiness was induced by limited sleep deprivation combined with the administration of 20 mg temazepam
(rapidly absorbed formulation). 200 mg modafinil or 400 mg caffeine or placebo were administrated in a cross-over design,
one hour after administration of temazepam. Subjects completed performance and alertness tests before administration of
temazepam (baseline), once after administration of temazepam and at regular intervals during the night until eight hours after
administration of modafinil, caffeine or placebo. Vigilance, alertness, complex information processing and subjective
273
sleepiness were assessed. Results: After temazepam intake, performance and alertness were significantly impaired. Compared
with placebo, both caffeine and modafinil significantly counteracted the performance and alertness impairment caused by
temazepam. The greatest impact of the psycho-stimulants was seen in performance on the vigilance task. The onset of
beneficial action was shortest with caffeine (1 hr), modafinil showed a significant counteraction to temazepam starting 4 hours
after administration. Both stimulants showed a beneficial effect in the vigilance task as long as eight hours after administration.
No significant adverse effects were observed. Conclusion: Both caffeine and modafinil are useful to counteract the sedative
effects of temazepam. The onset of caffeine is earlier than the onset of modafinil. Therefore, in this study the mean
performance enhancing effects of 400 mg caffeine were better in counteracting the hypnotic induced sleepiness of temazepam
than the effects of 200 mg modafinil.
Author
Sleep Deprivation; Human Performance; Alertness; Countermeasures; Stimulants; Caffeine
20060050096 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Physical and Cognitive Function during Continuous Operations
McLellan, Tom M.; Kamimori, Gary H.; Bell, Doug G.; Voss, David M; Cole, Karl G.; Johnson, Dagny E.; Strategies to
Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 33-1 - 33-16;
In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy;
Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire parent document
Background. If operational requirements prevent or restrict sleep then other intervention strategies may be necessary to
prolong the period before cognitive and physical impairments affect the success of the mission. The focus of this research was
to examine the effects of caffeine on vigilance, marksmanship and physical performance during field trials with conventional
and Special Forces personnel. Study 1 Methods. Thirty soldiers (23.6 +/- 4.5 y, 81.8 +/- 10.3 kg) were divided into a placebo
(PLAC) and CAF group. After a period of restricted sleep of 3 hours during the first night, a period of sustained wakefulness
began that ended at 1100 hours of the third day. PLAC or CAF doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, 100 mg and 200 mg were
administered at 2145, 2345, 0145, and 0345 hours, respectively. At 2200 hours of day 2, subjects began 2 cycles of
marksmanship, urban operations vigilance and psychomotor vigilance (PVT) testing which ended at 0600 hours of day 3.
Results. CAF maintained marksmanship vigilance at 85% throughout the second night as compared to PLAC who significantly
declined to 61.4 +/- 28.2% overnight. Marksmanship accuracy also decreased significantly in PLAC from 95.1 +/- 8.3% to
83.3 +/- 19.2% but no change was observed in CAF. Urban operations vigilance decreased for both groups over the night but
the decrease was less for CAF (81.2 +/- 14.4% to 63.4 +/- 24.1%) compared with PLAC (77.6 +/- 19.2% to 44.0 +/- 30.2%).
Reaction time and the number of major and minor lapses with the PVT significantly increased in PLAC but were unaffected
in CAF. Study 2 Methods. Thirty-one Special Forces soldiers (29.8 +/- 5.4y, 86.4 +/- 8.6 kg) were divided into a placebo
(PLAC, n = 15) and CAF (n = 16) group. A 6.3 km control run was completed on the morning of Day 1. In the evening of
Day 2, soldiers performed a control observation and reconnaissance vigilance task (ORVT) in the field. This 90-min task was
repeated twice more between 02:00 and 06:00 on Day 3 during an overnight period of sleep deprivation. Marksmanship was
assessed before and after the ORVT. PLAC or 200 mg of CAF gum was administered at 02:00, 04:00, and 06:00 h on Day
3. A final 6.3 km run commenced within 30 minutes of receiving the final dose. Results. ORVT was maintained in CAF at
control levels of 77 13% during the overnight testing. However, values decreased significantly for PLAC from 77 +/- 15% to
54 29% and 51 31% during the first and second overnight testing periods, respectively. CAF had no effect on marksmanship
but improved 6.3 km run times by 1.2 +/- 1.8 min. Run times slowed for PLAC by 0.9 +/- 0.8 min from approximately 35
min during the control run; the changes in performance were significant between groups. Conclusion. It was concluded that
CAF was an effective strategy to maintain vigilance, marksmanship and physical performance during military operations
involving sleep deprivation.
Author
Caffeine; Human Performance; Military Operations; Psychomotor Performance; Sleep Deprivation; Wakefulness; Alertness
20060050097 Hospital Central de la Defensa, Madrid, Spain

Medical Personnel Motivation in One International Mission
AbadiadeBarbara, Hernandez; MaimirJane, F.; RoblesSanchez, J.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 15-1 - 15-9; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright;
Introduction: The aim of this study was to check the different status that the military medical personnel had to deal with
along the ISAF mission, from the beginning until six month later. This people spent at zone periods from sixty to one hundred
and eighty days. The collaboration among different nationalities involved in the same mission and into the same medical
274
treatment facility also, is a situation that has to be considered because is going to be very usual, and the analysis of this one
must be useful to improve the operational capability between Medical Personnel of different countries (NATO or PfP).
Methods: We controlled different factors related to these people inside the mission. Some of these factors were: Age, number
of international missions, season, familiar factors, living conditions, hobbies, workload, languages, physical status, area of
deployment communications and tasks. All the people included in the study filled voluntary one specific questionnaire with
the items. Objectives: To know which conditions and factors related to the military medical personnel assigned to International
Military NATO Missions can be better focused to improve the operational capabilities. Results: We got the data from the
statistical analysis after all the test have been checked. In our statistical study we worked with the descriptive parameters and
also with the correlations among the different variables applying the Pearson Correlation Test. We used the Kruskal-Wallis test
for studying the comparisons by Functions, Ranks and Nations. Conclusions: The main conclusion of this study could be that
the Medical Personnel from different nations who is going to be enrolled in one Multinational Medical Treatment Facility
should receive (all together) one brief training period before arriving to the Area Of Responsibility.
Author
Medical Personnel; Motivation; Deployment; Military Operations; Statistical Analysis; Workloads (Psychophysiology)

Exercise Following Simulated Parachuting from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Reduced and is the Probability of Post
Descent Decompression Sickness Increased?
Lupa, Henry; DOyly, Tim; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems
Approach; October 2005, pp. 16-1 - 16-6; In English; See also 20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy;
Developments in parachutes and life support systems now allow the insertion of military parachutists from very high
altitudes. This study was designed to examine, and to attempt to quantify, the effect of High Altitude High Opening (HAHO)
parachute deployment on the risk of DCS and exercise tolerance both during and after descent, in the most realistic manner.
Ten experienced military parachutist subjects were exposed to two altitude chamber profiles in balanced order in a hypobaric
chamber on separate occasions: a control exposure to 17,500ft and a test exposure to 35,000ft followed by a slow descent to
ground level. This was followed immediately by 45 minutes of strenuous exercise with subjects carrying a heavy Bergen. The
parachutists were monitored throughout for venous gas emboli (VGE), symptoms of decompression sickness (DCS) and
subjective and objective measures of exercise performance. No VGE or symptoms of DCS were observed in any subject at
any stage of either exposure. Subjective and objective measures of exercise performance remained unchanged after exposure
to 35,000ft when compared to 17,500ft.
Author
Parachute Descent; Physical Exercise; Decompression Sickness; Exposure; Life Support Systems; Risk
20060050099 Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Wearing New Biological and Chemical Protective Combat Uniforms in
MOPP 1
McLellan, Tom M.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach;
Background The core temperature of the soldier in a MOPP 1 configuration has a substantial impact on how long they
can continue to work once they transition to MOPP 4. The higher their temperature at the start of this transition the shorter
will be their work time in MOPP 4. New hot weather biological and chemical (BC) protective ensembles have been designed
as stand-alone combat uniforms that are intended to replace the concept of an overgarment that is donned only as the threat
level increases above MOPP 1. Given that soldiers are also expected to wear fragmentation and assault vests, the heat strain
in MOPP 1 can be considerable during work in hot environments. The present study has examined whether vents in the leg
and the arm of the BC uniform assist in reducing the heat strain of the soldier under varied wind conditions. Methods Eight
males (33.6 +/- 7.7 y, 86.8 +/- 10.8 kg, 48.9 +/- 5.3 ml/kg/min VO2max) completed up to 3 hours of treadmill walking at 4
km/h in 40 C and 30% RH conditions while wearing a new hot weather BC stand-alone uniform, fragmentation and assault
vests, and helmet, and carrying an artificial C7 rifle. The total additional weight of the clothing and equipment was 20 kg.
Zippered vents on the lateral aspect of the upper and lower leg and the medial aspect of the upper arm were either opened
or closed in low (1 m/s) or high (3.5 m/s) wind conditions. Rectal and skin temperatures, heart rate, ratings of perceived
exertion and thermal comfort, metabolic rate, and vapour pressures measured at the skin surface and in the clothing layers were
determined throughout the heat stress exposures. Results All subjects completed the 3 hours of exercise when the vents were
275
opened regardless of the wind condition. However, when the vents were closed 3 of the subjects were unable to complete the
exercise challenge in low wind and 1 in the high wind condition. The change in delta rectal temperature was elevated when
the vents were closed (1.8 +/- 0.6 C) compared with open (1.5 +/- 0.5 C) and was lower in high (1.2 +/- 0.3 C) compared with
low (2.0 +/- 0.5 C) wind. The vapour pressure within the clothing was significantly reduced when the vents were opened (4.7
+/- 0.7 kPa) compared with closed (5.0 +/- 0.7 kPa) with the greatest contributor to these differences being found on the leg
(4.0 +/- 0.6 and 4.3 +/- 0.6 kPa for the open and closed condition, respectively) rather than on the torso which was covered
by the fragmentation and tactical assault vests (5.6 +/- 0.9 and 5.7 +/- 0.9 kPa for the open and closed condition, respectively).
Conclusion It was concluded that zippered vents on the leg and arm of the CB uniform could significantly reduce the heat
strain of the soldier in MOPP 1 while working in hot environments.
Author
Body Temperature; Protective Clothing; Thermal Comfort; Physical Exercise; Heart Rate; Heat Tolerance; Metabolism;
Physical Work
20060050100 Deutsche Forschungs- und Versuchsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Cologne, Germany
Support of Mission and Work Scheduling by a Biomedical Fatigue Model
Gundel, Alexander; Marsalek, Karel; ten Thoren, Corinna; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended
Introduction: It is a strategic advantage to be able to maintain high alertness and performance of soldiers during a mission.
Factors that impair alertness and lead to fatigue are typically psychically and physically stressing, or monotonous and boring
tasks. Rest periods are often too short and soldiers have to cope with sleep deprivation, short rest cycles and insufficient breaks.
In worldwide missions jetlag may impair performance additionally. Rationale: In the armed forces, a wide variety of different
work schedules are used which are more often historically founded than based on knowledge about biological rhythms.
Biomedical models that predict periods of impaired performance may provide decision aids, and they are one of the best
available solutions to help soldiers to perform more effectively and with increased safety. Methods: The German Aerospace
Center DLR has developed a computer tool for the prediction of fatigue that is based on a biomedical model of fatigue
combining four components. The circadian component describes the course of fatigue during the day with the maximum of
alertness during the day and high fatigue during the night. The sleep-related component describes the effect of sleep timing,
duration and quality. In general, fatigue increases with the time awake. The third component, sleep inertia, describes fatigue
occurring after awakening even from a good sleep. These three components are task invariant. The fourth component, the
time-on-task component, describes the fatiguing effect of a specific task. Breaks during a task or the change to a different task
reduce the time-on-task effect. Results from the fatigue management tool about the analysis of schedules and soldier alertness
are shown for the application areas navy, army or air force. Conclusion: The computer program for the prediction of fatigue
is a valuable tool for assessment and prediction of fatigue in crews as well as for comparison and optimization of different
work schedules.
Author
Sleep Deprivation; Scheduling; Rhythm (Biology); Circadian Rhythms; Alertness; Performance Prediction; Decision Support
Systems

Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Time Structure during Long Duration Flights in Man
Coste, Olivier; Beaumont, Maurice; Batejat, Denise; Van Beers, Pascal; Touitou, Yvan; Strategies to Maintain Combat
Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 25-1 - 25-14; In English; See also
20060050065; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire
parent document
French Air Force is concerned by the frequent fatigue complaint reported after long duration flights in pressurized
aircrafts. It may be partly explained by the hypoxic exposure resulting of the characteristics of the pressurization, through
potential effects on circadian time structure even when no time zones are crossed. Indeed, cabin altitudes can reach 8000 ft
(approx.2400 m) in civil aviation and 12,000 ft (approx.3600 m) in military Air carrying. The aim of the study was to evaluate
the effects of a diurnal exposure (08:00-16:30 h) to prolonged mild hypobaric hypoxia on the human circadian time structure
and on the recovery sleep, at 8000 and 12,000-ft altitudes simulated in a hypobaric chamber. This controlled cross-over study,
performed in 20 male young healthy volunteers (20-40 yr) showed significant alterations in the expression of the circadian
markers (core body temperature, plasma melatonin and cortisol) in response to hypoxia. These circadian alterations were more
276
important at 12,000 ft in association with an absence of sleep rebound after a significant physiologically penalizing proof. Part
of these circadian alterations depended on the variations of the central autonomic balance in response to hypoxic exposure.
The effects of mild hypoxia on circadian time structure may explain at least in part the fatigue complaint after a long duration
flight, even when no time zones are crossed.
Author
Hypoxia; Hypobaric Atmospheres; Physiological Responses; Diurnal Variations; Circadian Rhythms; Body Temperature;
Autonomic Nervous System
20060050102 Ministry of Defence, The Hague, Netherlands

Prevention of Low Back Complaints
Ros, H. P.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October
2005, pp. 7-1 - 7-4; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI:
The MERGO project (Man and ERGOnomics) is part of the Physical Load Covenant and is aimed at giving ergonomics
a more prominent place in the Royal Netherlands Army (RNLA) operating processes. The physical load of military personnel
in general may be reduced by taking into account ergonomic aspects in the materiel selection process. The provision of
information is also an essential instrument in drawing more attention to the prevention of back complaints. The nature of the
message is that pre-employment medical assessments are not valid in this respect. Also, training of the back muscles is not
the manner to prevent low back injuries. It is important to give this message to doctors, physical therapists and commanders.
The mindset has to be changed. Long and extended operations are only possible if the physical strain is reduced. Three
examples are given of specific projects that could reduce the physical exertion and change the rules and mindset of military
medical personnel and commanders.
Derived from text
Human Factors Engineering; Back Injuries; Military Personnel; Loads (Forces); Prevention; Muscles
20060050103 Kwartier Koningin Astrid, Belgium

Stress and Psychological Support
Cuvelier, Yves; vandenBerg, Coen; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
NATO HFM-081/RTG-020 studies Stress and Psychological Support in Modern Military Operations. Stress management
and psychological support of military units and personnel are recognized as important tools for unit effectiveness and
sustainability. Even support of military personnel after deployments has been recognized to have an effect on combat readiness
since participation of military personnel in operational deployments is a common and recurrent practice. Furthermore, the
Armed Forces recognize the need for good employership for their personnel. In HFM-081 the state-of-the-art within NATO
and PfP members on this topic has been collected and both ‘best practices’ as well as directions for future developments are
pointed out. This study contains therefore the results of collecting methods and evaluations on stress and psychological support
within the participating member states. The main topics that were covered are assessment of risks for psychological stress,
psychological preparation of military personnel, readiness assessment of personnel before deployment, psychological support
of military personnel during and after deployment, psychological support of families before, during and after deployment,
organization of psychological support in terms of structures, and finally, procedures and the role of professionals.Intense
discussions and comparison of various approaches have led to an intermediate report which will lay the ground for a NATO
report on stress and psychological support. The contents of this intermediate report will be presented. At this moment
HFM-081 is preparing a study among military commanders in order to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of new
approaches.
Author
Stress (Psychology); Military Operations; Military Personnel; Deployment; Combat
Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Afghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research Land Combat Study
Hoge, Charles W.; Castro, Carl A.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
277
Background. A recent study has shown that over 12% of U.S. Soldiers and Marines who returned from combat duty in
Iraq met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder, a rate significantly higher than before deployment, and that Soldiers
reported significant stigma and barriers to receiving needed mental health care (Hoge, Castro, et. al. N Engl J Med 2004). The
study has continued to examine the effects of combat duty on U.S. Soldiers in near real time as the war has progressed, and
this paper will present the latest findings from this landmark study. Methods. Over 25,000 surveys have been obtained from
U.S. Soldiers and Marines before deployment, during deployment, and up to one year post-deployment. Outcomes include
major depression, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol misuse, health risk behaviors, and
family functioning. Results. Soldiers deployed to Iraq have experienced sustained high levels of combat exposure. The rate
of screening positive for a mental disorder at 3 months post-deployment was significantly higher after duty in Iraq (15-17%)
compared with Afghanistan (11%) or before deployment (9%), with the largest difference due to PTSD. Less than 40% of
screen positives sought mental health care, and there was a high rate of concern about stigma / other barriers to care.
Conclusions. Combat duty in Iraq is associated with a significant risk of mental health problems and there is an important
unmet need for mental health services and barriers to care. New data will be presented on the prevalence rates and risk factors
for mental health problems up to one-year post-deployment.
Author
Mental Health; Warfare; Combat; Risk; Exposure; Deployment
Building Psychological Resiliency and Mitigating the Risks of Combat and Deployment Stressors Faced by Soldiers
Castro, Carl Andrew; Hoge, Charles W.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
Combat is arguably the most mentally, physically and emotionally demanding enterprise that a Soldier engages in.
Combat is sudden, intense, and life-threatening. A Soldier in combat encounters numerous traumatic events to include, among
others, killing an enemy combatant, knowing someone seriously injured or killed or handling or uncovering human remains.
All of these events can have deleterious effects on the mental health and emotional well-being of the Soldier. Yet, there are
things that Soldiers, leaders and the Army can do to mediate or attenuate the impact that the stressors of combat and
deployment produce. In this presentation we will provide an overview of our three intervention strategies involving (1) the
development and testing of the Psychological Readiness in a Deployed Environment (PRIDE) training modules that provides
both information about how combat impacts on the mental health of the Soldier and the specific behaviors that Soldiers and
leaders can engage in to mitigate the stressors of combat and deployment, (2) the development and validation of the Unit
Needs Assessment, created to determine trends in the mental health and well-being of Soldiers to guide the delivery of mental
health care support to meet the unique needs of the unit, and (3) the improvement and validation of the psychological screening
instrument to identify Soldiers experiencing psychological distress as early as possible and to ensure they receive the help they
need. We believe that this multi-level strategy will maximize Soldier resiliency and mitigate the risks of stressors faced by
Soldiers during combat.
Author
Mental Health; Risk; Deployment; Combat; Encounters
20060050106 Performance Enhancements Research Div. (311th), Brooks AFB, TX, USA
The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Human Systems Integration Lessons
Learned
Tvaryanas, Anthony P.; Thompson, William T.; Constable, Stefan H.; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during
Extended Deployments: A Human Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 5-1 - 5-24; In English; See also 20060050065;
Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI
Background: This study was a 10-year cross sectional analysis of human factors in U.S. military UAV mishaps. Methods:
Class A-C UAV mishap reports were reviewed and human factors coded using the Human Factors Analysis and Classification
System (HFACS). HFACS codes were linked to human systems integration (HSI) domains. Binary logistic regression was
used to create models predicting operator error. Results: 133/221 (60.2%) UAV mishaps involved human factors. Predictors
of operator error were technological environment and cognitive factors in the Air Force (P \h 0.010), organizational process,
psycho-behavioral factors, and crew resource management in the Army (P \h 0.001), and organizational process, inadequate
supervision, planned inappropriate operations, physical and technological environments, and cognitive and psycho-behavioral
factors in the Navy (P \h 0.025). The frequency of specific types of unsafe acts differed between the services with skill-based
278
errors more common in the Air Force (P = 0.001) and violations in the Army (P = 0.016). HSI failures associated with operator
error involved the human factors (functional and cognitive interfaces) and personnel domains in the Air Force (P \h 0.001),
the human factors (cooperational, cognitive, and physical interfaces) and training domains in the Army (P \h 0.001), and the
human factors (environmental, cooperational, organizational, and cognitive interfaces) and training domains in the Navy (P
\h 0.001). Conclusion: Recurring latent failures at the organizational, supervisory, and preconditions levels contributed to more
than half of UAV mishaps. The patterns of latent failures and unsafe acts differed between the services. HSI issues pertaining
to the human factors domain were common to all services.
Author
Human Factors Engineering; Personnel Management; Resources Management; Systems Integration; Physical Factors;
Classifications; Frequencies; Pilotless Aircraft
20060050107 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA

Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Sizing
Harrison, Catherine; Robinette, Kathleen; Strategies to Maintain Combat Readiness during Extended Deployments: A Human
Systems Approach; October 2005, pp. 6-1 - 6-16; In English; See also 20060050065; Original contains black and white
document
The present research sought to apply underlying principles that determine helmet fit to develop a scientific design method
for determining the minimum number of helmet sizes to accommodate the full anthropometric variability of the population.
The method was tested on a prototype helmet concept using a stratified sample of males and females drawn to represent the
Joint Strike Fighter population. Asian- and African-American subjects were specifically included in order to examine the
effects of racial anthropometric variability on fit. While the range of accommodation for the initial design was broad, it
encompassed only a portion of subjects who fell within the 99% probability ellipse for the target population, while
accommodating a broad range of subjects falling outside the 99% probability ellipse, best meeting the fitting needs of a very
small subset of the population. Applying a fit mapping method determined that two helmet two sizes, sized and shaped
differently than those initially proposed and with a modified fitting concept, would accommodate 99% of both males and
females. The fit mapping process also provided specific, quantified feedback to the designers on size and shape modifications
needed to make the helmet to provide better fit for the full range of the population. Determining the parameters that link
anthropometric principles to fit of a specific piece of equipment permit design modifications to equipment to be made early
in the design process using only a single size prototype, resulting in fewer sizes while ensuring accommodation of the desired
population.
Author
Fitting; Helmets; Probability Theory; Variability; Anthropometry; Feedback

Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays
Boton, Matthew L.; Bass, Ellen J.; Comstock, James R., Jr.; [2006]; 6 pp.; In English; 2006 IEEE International Conference
on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 8-11 Oct. 2006, Taipei, Taiwan, Province of China; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): UVA-03-01; WBS 759-07-18; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
The evaluation of human-centered systems can be performed using a variety of different methodologies. This paper
describes a human-centered systems evaluation methodology where participants watch 5-second non-interactive videos of a
system in operation before supplying judgments and subjective measures based on the information conveyed in the videos.
This methodology was used to evaluate the ability of different textures and fields of view to convey spatial awareness in
synthetic vision systems (SVS) displays. It produced significant results for both judgment based and subjective measures. This
method is compared to other methods commonly used to evaluate SVS displays based on cost, the amount of experimental
time required, experimental flexibility, and the type of data provided.
Author
Display Devices; Enhanced Vision; Simulation; Video Communication; Situational Awareness; Spatial Distribution
20060050247 Research and Technology Organization, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France

The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies
August 2006; 156 pp.; In English; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): RTO-TR- HFM-073; AC/323(HFM-073)TP/65; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: C01, CD-ROM: A08, Hardcopy
279
Human effects considerations and data are important to nearly every aspect of Non-Lethal Weapon (NLW) development,
effectiveness assessment, and deployment, as well as to assuring human health and safety during NLW evaluation, testing,
training, use, and maintenance. In response to NATO RTO tasking, based on the recommendations of the 2000 Defence
Capabilities Initiative, to support preparations for a NATO NLW capability, the Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM)
formed HFM-073 ‘The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Technologies (NLT);’ this Technical Report addresses the conclusions
and recommendations of HFM-073. HFM-073 addressed the human effects of NLTs from the perspective of both the target
(effectiveness and non-lethality) and the operator/bystander (fratricide, injury, long-term health effects). A summary of NLT
technologies and a Glossary of terms important to the human effects of NLT are included in the Report. The complicated issue
of policy approval for new NLWs is addressed and the implications of NLWs on training and field medicine are reviewed.
Special attention is directed to the issues involved in obtaining target response data of the type, quality, and quantity that would
satisfy the methodology and models being developed by another NATO RTO Panel, SAS-035 ‘Non-Lethal Weapons
Effectiveness Assessment.’ Human Effects information, in all its dimensions, is critical for the success of NATO’s
implementation of a NLW capability. The HFM Panel is the only RTO organization able to support NATO in this area.
Author
Human Factors Engineering; Maintenance Training; Education; Health; Lethality
59
MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general topics and overviews related to mathematics and computer science. For specific topics in these areas see categories
60 through 67.
20060048179 Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, USA

Towards a Unified Approach to Information Integration A Review Paper on Data/Information Fusion
Whitney, P. D.; Posse, C.; Lei, X. C.; Oct. 2005; 28 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881949; PNNL-15428; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Information or data fusion of data from different sources are ubiquitous in many applications, from epidemiology,
medical, biological, political, and intelligence to military applications. Data fusion involves integration of spectral, imaging,
text, and many other sensor data. For example, in epidemiology, information is often obtained based on many studies
conducted by different researchers at different regions with different protocols. In the medical field, the diagnosis of a disease
is often based on imaging (MRI, X-Ray, CT), clinical examination, and lab results. In the biological field, information is
obtained based on studies conducted on many different species. In military field, information is obtained based on data from
radar sensors, text messages, chemical biological sensor, acoustic sensor, optical warning and many other sources. Many
methodologies are used in the data integration process, from classical, Bayesian, to evidence based expert systems. The
implementation of the data integration ranges from pure software design to a mixture of software and hardware. In this review
we summarize the methodologies and implementations of data fusion process, and illustrate in more detail the methodologies
involved in three examples. We propose a unified multi-stage and multi-path mapping approach to the data fusion process, and
point out future prospects and challenges.
NTIS
Diseases; Epidemiology; Expert Systems
20060048206 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Vertical Fragmentation
de Vries, A. P.; Mamoulis, N.; Nes, N. J.; Kersten, M. L.; Oct. 31, 2001; 20 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-115761; INS-R0109; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
In content-based retrieval systems, the goal of similarity search is to identify the k most similar images to a given
example. Images are represented and queried by high-dimensional feature vectors encoding dominant characteristics like color
and texture. We propose an efficient similarity search method that is robust to dimensionality and has optimal space
complexity. Our approach fragments the feature vectors vertically, and computes the similarity of all images dimension by
dimension. The innovation lies in gradually removing images that cannot participate in the response set. We show how to apply
this scheme for two common similarity metrics, namely histogram intersection and euclidean distance. The implementation
of our algorithm in Monet illustrates that core database technology supports image retrieval well, without special extensions.
280
Finally, we report the effectiveness of our approach on real and synthetic data sets, and show significant improvements in
response time yielded.
NTIS
Analogies; Data Retrieval; Fragmentation
20060048207 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA USA, California Univ., Santa Barbara, Goleta, CA, USA,
Los Alamos National Lab., NM USA
Sensitivity Analysis of Differential-Algebraic Equations and Partial Differential Equations
Petzold, L.; Cao, Y.; Li, S.; Serban, R.; Aug. 10, 2005; 12 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881892; UCRL-PROC-214507; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
Sensitivity analysis generates essential information for model development, design optimization, parameter estimation,
optimal control, model reduction and experimental design. In this paper we describe the forward and adjoint methods for
sensitivity analysis, and outline some of our recent work on theory, algorithms and software for sensitivity analysis of
differential-algebraic equation (DAE) and time-dependent partial differential equation (PDE) systems.
NTIS
Differential Equations; Partial Differential Equations; Sensitivity Analysis
20060048253 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Search
Windhouwer, M. A.; Schmidt, A. R.; von Zwol, R.; Petkovic, M.; Blok, H. E.; Dec. 31, 2001; 34 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2006-115763; INS-R0111; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In this report the development of a specialised search engine for a digital library is described. The proposed system
architecture consists of three levels: the conceptual, the logical and the physical level. The conceptual level schema enables
by its exposure of a domain specific schema semantically rich conceptual search. The logical level provides a description
language to achieve a high degree of flexibility for multimedia retrieval. The physical level takes care of scalable and efficient
persistent data storage. The role, played by each level, changes during the various stages of a search engine’s lifecycle: (1)
modeling the index, (2) populating and maintaining the index and (3) querying the index. The integration of all this
functionality allows the combination of both conceptual and content-based querying in the query stage. A search engine for
the Australian Open tennis tournament website is used as a running example, which shows the power of the complete
architecture and its various components.
NTIS
Information Management; Information Retrieval; Libraries
20060048346 Tokyo Univ., Japan

Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Switching/Optical Access Network
Yongmei, Sun; Hashiguchi, Tomohiro; VuQuang, Minh; Xi, Wang; Imaizumi, Hideaki; Morikawa, Hiroyuki; Aoyama,
Tomonori; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006,
Optical burst switching is considered an attractive switching technology for building the next-generation optical Internet.
To investigate its feasibility, evaluate its performance and explore its future direction, we designed and implemented an
overlay-mode optical burst-switched network testbed. In this report, we present the node architecture, control algorithm, and
performance evaluation of the testbed. A flexible ‘transceiver + forwarding’ node architecture is proposed to perform both
electronic burst assembly/disassembly and optical burst forwarding. It is designed to provide class of service and wavelength
selection for locally generated bursts, and transparency to cut-through bursts. A scheduling mechanism, which efficiently
combines two different contention resolutions in space and wavelength domains, is discussed in detail. Performances of the
burst-switched network testbed, including end-to-end delay, burst blocking probability and TCP throughput, are evaluated; and
online video services are demonstrated. Furthermore, key determinants of the network performance and future directions are
also discussed.
Author
Optical Switching; Internets; Switching Theory; Probability Theory; Performance Tests
20060049157 National Forum on Education Statistics, Washington, DC, USA

Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators
Report No.(s): PB2007-100240; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
281
The Decision Support System Literacy Task Force of the National Forum on Education Statistics (Forum) is pleased to
introduce the Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators. This document was developed by
educators for educators to remedy the lack of reliable, objective information available to the education community about
decision support systems. The authors hope it will help readers better understand what decision support systems are, how they
are configured, how they operate, and how they might be implemented in an education institution. Like other Forum guides,
this document was prepared by Forum members-representatives of local and state education agencies, federal agencies, and
national organizations involved in education data collection and use. This work was supported by the National Center for
Education Statistics of the U.S. Department of Education. The National Forum on Education Statistics provides an arena for
local, state, and national leaders in the education data community to discuss issues, address problems, develop resources, and
consider new approaches to improving data collection and utility. The Decision Support System Literacy Task Force hopes
you find the Forum Guide to Decision Support Systems: A Resource for Educators useful, and that it helps improve data-driven
decisionmaking in schools, school districts, and state education agencies across the nation.
NTIS
Decision Support Systems; Decision Making; Information Systems; Education; Data Acquisition
20060049158 National Center for Education Statistics, Washington, DC, USA, Education Statistics Services Inst.,
Washington, DC, USA
Computer and Internet Use by Students in 2003. Statistical Analysis Report
DeBell, M.; Chapman, C.; Sep. 2006; 72 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2007-100237; NCES-2006-065; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This report uses data from the Current Population Survey, October 2003 School Enrollment and Computer Use
Supplement to examine the use of computers and the Internet by American children enrolled in nursery school and students
in kindergarten through grade 12, age 3 and older. The report examines the overall rate of use (that is, the percentage of
individuals in the population who are users), the ways in which students use the technologies, where the use occurs (home,
school, and other locations), and the relationships of these aspects of computer and Internet use to demographic and
socioeconomic characteristics such as students’ age and race/ethnicity and their parents’ education and family income. All
statistical comparisons in this report were tested for significance at the 95 percent confidence level (p\h.05), and all reported
differences are statistically significant and are five percentage points or larger, unless otherwise noted. This report confirms
that patterns of computer and Internet use seen in previous research (DeBell and Chapman 2003) are observed in more recent
data representing a different population than has been described previously.
NTIS
Internets; Statistical Analysis; Students
20060049159 Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, DC, USA

Depository Services: Comptroller’s Handbook, September 2006
Report No.(s): PB2007-100233; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
This booklet provides background information and optional expanded examination procedures for the following consumer
protection regulations: -Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions; -Electronic Fund Transfers; -Interest on Deposits;
-Expedited Funds Availability; and -Truth in Savings. This booklet provides a synopsis of each regulation. Because the
synopses are not comprehensive, users of this booklet should refer to each regulation for more detailed guidance and specific
requirements.
NTIS
Consumers; Handbooks
20060049161 Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA

Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Ester Compounds in Aqueous
Systems from Molecular Structure by SPARC
Hilal, S. H.; Sep. 2006; 113 pp.; In English
SPARC (SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry) chemical reactivity models were extended to calculate
hydrolysis rate constants for carboxylic acid ester and phosphate ester compounds in aqueous non- aqueous and systems
strictly from molecular structure. The energy differences between the initial state and the transition state for a molecule of
282
interest are factored into internal and external mechanistic perturbation components. The internal perturbations quantify the
interactions of the appended perturber (P) with the reaction center (C). These internal perturbations are factored into SPARC’s
mechanistic components of electrostatic and resonance effects. External perturbations quantify the solute-solvent interactions
(solvation energy) and are factored into H-bonding, field stabilization and steric effects. These models have been tested using
1471 reliable measured base, acid and general base-catalyzed carboxylic acid ester hydrolysis rate constants in water and in
mixed solvent systems at different temperatures.
NTIS
Carboxylic Acids; Computer Programs; Constants; Esters; Hydrolysis; Molecular Structure; Phosphates; Reaction Kinetics

Two Methods for Calibration Without A Through Connection On A Three-Sampler Vector Analyzer
Kostevc, Drago; Mlakar, Joze; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 59-63; In Slovene; See also
For purely physical reasons it is often difficult or even impossible to directly interconnect ports of some vector analyzers.
In such cases, methods not involving a through connection are convenient. Two new methods for calibration without a through
connection on a three-sampler vector analyzer are presented. The methods, which are based on calibration methods for
four-sampler vector analyzers, take into account the fact that the standard twelve-parameter error model, when applied to
three-sampler vector analyzers, comprises only eleven independent parameters. In the first method, an analyzer is calibrated
as a reflectometer at both ports and then a line with unknown transmission parameters, but with at least approximately known
length, is measured during the calibration process. In the second method, two known reflection standards and two lines are
measured during the calibration process. Each method is described by a system of non-linear equations and a solution
procedure for the equation systems is given.
Author
Error Analysis; Calibrating; Reflectometers; Nonlinearity
20060049176 Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA

User Manual for EXPRESS, the ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, 2006
Burns, L. A.; Sep. 2006; 42 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): PB2007-100140; EPA/600/R-06/095; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Environmental Fate and Effects Division (EFED) has developed a tiered approach
to determine the appropriate level of modeling needed to perform a risk assessment for a pesticide. This tiered approach is
designed to minimize the amount of analysis required to evaluate any given chemical. Each of the tiers is designed to screen
out pesticides by requiring higher, more complex levels of investigation only for those compounds that have not passed the
previous tier. Each tier screens out a percentage of pesticides from having to undergo a more rigorous review prior to
registration or reregistration. ‘Passing’ a given assessment tier indicates that there is a low possibility of risk to the aquatic
environment. ‘Failing’ an assessment tier does not, however, necessarily mean the chemical is likely to cause environmental
problems, merely that the assessment should continue on to the next higher assessment tier. The intent of this tiered modeling
system is to produce only as thorough an analysis as is necessary for each pesticide, and thereby focus greatest resources and
efforts toward areas of greatest potential ecological threat.
NTIS
Computer Programs; Exposure; Graphical User Interface; Manuals; Simulation; User Manuals (Computer Programs)
20060049177 Cincinnati Univ., OH, USA

Integration of an Economy Under Imperfect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Ecological Model
Whitmore, H. W.; Pawlowski, C. W.; Cabezas, H.; Mayer, A. L.; Hoagland, N. T.; Jul. 2006; 99 pp.; In English
This report documents the scientific research work done to date on developing a generalized mathematical model
depicting a combined economic-ecological-social system with the goal of making it available to the scientific community. The
model is preliminary and has not been tested or fully explored. The model system described here is intended to represent the
first steps in combining (in simple fashion) the basic dynamic elements of an ecosystem functioning with a human society and
an economy in a closed system with a non-limiting supply of energy (the model is based on flows of mass between system
compartments while the total mass is conserved).
NTIS
Competition; Economics; Ecosystems; Mathematical Models
283
20060049980 IPSI Marbella, Marbella, Spain
International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006
MARBELLA)
January 2006; In English; IPSI-2006 Marbella, 10-12 Feb. 2006, Marbella, Spain; See also 20060049981 - 20060049996;
Copyright; Avail.: CASI: C01, CD-ROM
The following topics were discussed: Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
According to Bologna Process; eReadiness of Business Processes; How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for
Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camtasia(TradeMark); Quality Education and ‘Quality
Papers"; Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches; From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A
programme Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning - Examples from V-learn.ie; Who’s to Blame? Consumers
Responses to Service Failure; University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University
of Technology and Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/; A Dynamic
Radiographic Robotic Imaging System; RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation; MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical
Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture; Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers?;
Building SMART Leadership; The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing; Evaluation of the Quality of an
Information Security Management System; and Creating Agile Business through Service-Oriented Architecture.
Derived from text
Supercomputers; Parallel Processing (Computers); Information Management; Information Systems; Imaging Techniques;
Electrical Engineering; Internets
20060049981 Zagreb Univ., Zagreb, Croatia

Creating Agile Business through Service-Oriented Architecture
Panian, Zeljko; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research
(IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 5 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01,
To better understand Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) and how they can be effectively employed and managed, it
helps to understand the principles on which they are designed and the way they can be implemented. It also helps to become
acquainted with tools that are helping enable application developers and integrators to quickly and cost-effectively make SOAs
a reality within their specific organizations. But, while many understand the notion SOA by now, very few have any idea how
to get there. In SOA, data and business logic are encapsulated in modular business components with documented interfaces.
This clarifies design and facilitates incremental development and future extensions. An SOA application can also be integrated
with heterogeneous, external legacy and purchased applications more easily than a monolithic, non-SOA application can. The
paper presents a stepwise approach to SOA implementation, including 12 steps we find necessary for the implementation to
be successful. We believe these twelve steps represent a plan of attack that provides implementers a sure-fire way to better
manage and make SOA a success.
Author
Organizations; Architecture (Computers); Integrators; Commerce

Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engineers?
Tomazic, Saso; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research
Quality of life (QoL) is becoming one of major research field in recent years, however engineering community seems to
be left behind. Only two papers on QoL can be find in all periodicals of IEEE since 1951. However, there are many areas,
where, with their knowledge and experience, engineers and technical scientist could make some difference. As an example,
two topics where using knowledge and experiences from technical fields could contribute to QoL, are presented. The first is
the problem of measuring QoL. A new method of combining different aspects of QoL to overall QoL is proposed. The second
topic describes QoL as a system and it is shown, that some knowledge of system control and adaptive systems could be useful,
when trying to improve QoL. The main purpose of the paper is to make engineers and technical scientist aware of QoL and
to make improving QoL at least a part of their challenge.
Author
Engineers; Adaptation; Periodicals; Engineering; Quality
284
20060049983 University Coll., Dublin, Ireland
From Distance Learning to Blended Learning: A Program Incorporating Multiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning -
Examples from V-learn.ie
Phelan, Jim; Mulhall, Lily; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary
Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color
document
Higher education today operates in a new era, an era that is much more conscious of the market place. The product it sells
is knowledge. The principles that underpinned the Ivory Tower have weakened. Excellence, efficiency, customer base,
international linkages, unit costs, interdisciplinary research, fulltime teacher equivalents (FTE s) and quality are the new
drivers as universities position themselves in the increasingly competitive business of education. Like any business
universities are not immune to the impact of technological developments and it is in this area that the most profound changes
may yet occur. The ‘Virtual Classroom’ is now a reality and universities are gearing themselves for this new challenge. The
purpose of this paper therefore is to outline the changing nature of university education and in particular to detail the current
situation regarding e-learning. It will draw on experiences gained over a ten-year period and describe a model of ‘Blended
Learning’ which can challenge traditional curricula in terms of its pedagogy, its educational outcomes and particularly its
accessibility.
Derived from text
Education; Commerce; Instructors; Costs
20060049984 Tun Abdul Razak Univ., Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Online Learning Style and e-Learning Approaches
KhairuddinHashim, Hanan Ettaher Dagez; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and
Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 6 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright;
Although there are many learning style models, theories, and methodology that been used for a long time in education,
none of them have adequately covered all learning aspects such as personality, emotional issues, scale differences, and
preferences. Many researchers have derived and used some elements from these models in an e-learning system but these seem
insufficient to overcome some e-learning difficulties. In e-learning when the learning style of the student is not compatible with
the teaching style of the teacher; difficulties in academic achievement can result. Therefore, knowing what is the preferred
learning style and favorite study environment supporting emotional intelligence and guaranteeing the success of learning and
teaching process, is critical. This paper attempts to outline learning styles suitable for e-learning. It also presents a model
developed for e-learning and the results of a survey conducted to verify the model.
Author
Education; Intelligence; Personality; Emotional Factors
20060049985 Blackburn Coll., UK

The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Parallel Computing
Holmes, Violeta; McDonough, Terence; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and
Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original
In this paper we present our experience in designing and implementing a High Performance Computing Cluster for
teaching parallel computing theory and development of parallel applications. The development of the ELIHE cluster provides
us with an opportunity to take a hands-on approach in teaching programming environments, tools, and libraries for
development of parallel applications, parallel computation, architectures and message passing paradigms using Message
Passing Interface (MPI) at both undergraduate and graduate level. In less than a decade, clusters of shelf-ready PCs have
become the most cost efficient computing platforms for computing a wide range of high performance applications from
molecular biology simulations to search and indexing on the Internet. The ELIHE High Performance Cluster in our School
of Science and Technology consists of 9 computational nodes and a head node. All the nodes in the cluster are commodity
systems - PCs, running commodity software - Linux, and CLIC Mandrake. We shall focus on the capabilities for messaging
provided by the public domain version of MPI for computer clusters (MPICH) that is installed on the ELIHE cluster. We will
consider MPI language bindings for C and FORTRAN - traditional High Performance Computing languages and JAVA
programming systems. Our objective is to evaluate how these programming environments compare by considering the
285
advantages/disadvantages of each for scientific and engineering computation and in particular for parallel computing.
Author
Computer Programming; Programming Environments; Unix (Operating System); FORTRAN; Java (Programming
Language); Parallel Processing (Computers); Education
20060049986 Budapest Univ. of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary

University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Establishment Scheme of the Budapest University of Technology and
Economics, Information Technology Innovation and Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/
Risztics, Peter Karoly; Bacsa, Laszlo; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and
Economic development is determined not solely by investments but also by technological development. Information
technology and its applications are the base infrastructure for the information society. The extent of knowledge of society and
the economy and the present standard of the knowledge industry are determined by the level of democratic access to the base
infrastructure and contents accessible via this infrastructure. The knowledge industry is the ‘new economy’ in which
knowledge plays a dominant role. This dominant role arises from the fact that products and services with added intellectual
value result in a higher standard of the efficiency and quality and have a higher profit-generating ability while the hitherto
dominant elements in industry, matter and energy, may be pushed into the background. Knowledge is practically the only
unlimited natural resource. The knowledge content is manifested in the economic utilisation of the results of research and
development. The strategic objective of the (IT)2 regional knowledge centre is clear: while keeping the traditions of the
University, increase the competitiveness of the region, and in a broader context, of the Hungarian economy, to increase the
knowledge content of products and services, to create knowledge-intensive jobs, to increase the number and profitability of
technology-intensive small and medium-sized enterprises in the field of information technology and its applications.
Information technology, as one of today s the fastest-growing fields, has a major role in forming the efficiency of society and
economy. The exponentially increasing storage and computing capacities and bandwidth make the performing of such tasks
that previously deemed impossible due to technological limits. However, it is clear, that the current state of information
technology could yield more, than what is currently utilized in the large, complex systems of society and economy (such as
e-government, financial systems, transportation and logistics systems, meteorological simulation and visualisation systems,
process, organizational and decision control systems, etc.)
Derived from text
Economic Development; Systems Simulation; Information Systems; Complex Systems; Logistics
20060049987 Fribourg Univ., Switzerland

RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Implementation
Fuhrer, Patrik; Guinard, Dominique; Liechti, Olivier; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing,
Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980;
Technologies of identification by radio frequencies (RFID) and their standardization with the Electronic Product Code
(EPC) architecture experience a fast development. After briefly introducing the common terminology of the RFID field and
a short presentation of its current standards, this paper presents one possible application domain: the tracking of objects. In
this context, the distributed software architecture of a J2EE based assets tracking application, called RFIDLocator, is further
described. RFIDLocator allows to trace electronically labeled objects within a predefined area (e.g. a building, a campus, a
site, ...). Indeed, when tagged objects are moved, the monitoring information system is automatically informed thanks to
readers deployed in their environment. As the number of assets can increase dramatically, this kind of application has high
requirements for scalability and reliability which are supported through the use of solid object oriented software systems
(Enterprise Java Beans technology along with an implementation of the Event Manager standard). Some critical remarks about
this emerging technology, the important questions it raises and the barriers it has to overcome to be fully accepted conclude
this paper.
Author
Radio Frequencies; Software Engineering; Information Systems; Reliability; Standardization; Deployment
286
20060049988 Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL, USA
A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imaging System
Bermudez, Manuel E.; Banks, Scott A.; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and
contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM
We describe a research, development, and commercialization project being carried out at the University of Florida. The
goal is to design, build, and commercialize a new platform for obtaining X-ray image sequences (an X-ray video) of human
joints while in motion, as well as 3-dimensional computed X-ray tomography of stationary targets. The system involves a
motion capture subsystem which tracks active markers positioned in close proximity to the target, and two robotic arms which,
guided by tracking information from the motion capture subsystem, follow the target as it moves. One robotic arm carries an
X-ray source, and the other robotic arm carries an X-ray receiver panel. In real time, the two robotic arms move in a
coordinated fashion, maintaining the target in their line of sight, enabling the image sequence to show the human joint in
motion from a fixed angle. In the computed tomography mode, the robotic arms will circle around a stationary target,
producing a 3-dimensional view from continuously changing angles. This combination of technologies promises to
revolutionize the diagnostic and orthopaedic treatment of injured or diseased human joints. We also describe the equally
innovative development model of this new platform: a collaboration between several interdisciplinary teams, including experts
and students in marketing research and business startups, a research team of Mechanical Engineering faculty and graduate
students, and a team of undergraduate Computer Science students developing the end-user graphical interfaces and overall
control system.
Author
Research and Development; Commercialization; X Ray Sources; Robotics; Robot Arms; Real Time Operation; Imaging
Techniques; Graphical User Interface
20060049989 Siemens A.G., Munich, Germany

eReadiness of Business Processes
Mitko, Martin; Thonabauer, Claudia; Sametinger, Johannes; Weber, Norbert; International Conference on Advances in the
Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 5 pp.; In English; See
also 20060049980; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy;
eReadiness is the degree of eCommerce-based execution of a business process. The eReadiness depends on the efficient
use of eSolutions. Because of the huge number of available eSolutions and the fact that individual requirements of every single
business process activity have to be considered, the assignment of eSolutions to business processes is difficult. This article
describes a tool (called eBModeller) which automatically detects eSolutions that are suitable to execute a specific business
process and which is also able to identify the eReadiness of a business process partially. Recommendations for investments
can be deducted from the results of the assignment of eSolutions to business processes and the identification of the eReadiness.
Author
Commerce; Data Bases; Management Systems; Information Systems; World Wide Web
20060049990 Toronto Univ., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada

How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful Animations for Teaching and Research Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) &
Camtasia(TradeMark)
O’Day, Danton H.; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research
(IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 13 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Original contains color and black and
white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM only as part of the entire
parent document
There is accumulating evidence that students learn more from animations than static graphics. While animations are useful
in communicating complex, dynamic events, most animation packages are costly and involve a steep learning curve precluding
their general use by educators and scientists. I will show how pedagogically meaningful and visually appealing animations can
be easily made using PowerPoint(TradeMark) and a collaborative add-on program, Camtasia(TradeMark) Studio. After
outlining the methodology and showing animations from my Advanced Cell Biology course, I will provide data and student
opinions from a class evaluation that support the use of animations in teaching with some interesting caveats.
Author
Education; Animation; Learning Curves; Students; Computer Programs
287
20060049992 Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Cartago, Costa Rica
MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Efficient Native Supercomputing for Microsoft Windows Architecture
Corrales, Santiago Nunez; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary
Research (IPSI-2006 MARBELLA); January 2006; 7 pp.; In English; See also 20060049980; Copyright; Avail.: CASI:
The variety of applications that require considerable amounts of processing power is increasing constantly. Current sets
of tools that try to solve these needs tend to be difficult to install and manage for the end user. In addition, it would be of great
use to have included parallel processing as a native feature of the operating system for increasing the range in application
development within all fields, especially with the presence of Grid computing and embedded software as a global growing
tendency. The present work is a first approach to describe the problems, possibilities and challenges of integrating
high-performance computing (HPC) into the Microsoft Windows Architecture and .NET development Framework. The
principal motivation comes from the present absence of a transparent and high efficiency-oriented base that interacts with
high-level applications as a native function in Microsoft Windows OS, and forces the use of third party libraries that create
a burden in the software development process. The solution proposed is to include native support directly at the kernel level
implemented for different hardware platforms and to include class-based support in MS Visual Studio .NET Framework,
according to the requirements of the problems to solve. Benefits are ranged from parallel control for real-time critical
applications to economic simulation and scientific supercomputing, without sacrificing the efficiency of low level operating
system control and the verifiability from the software process perspective.
Author
Supercomputers; Parallel Processing (Computers); Grid Computing (Computer Networks); Software Engineering; Computer
Programming; Real Time Operation
20060049994 Duke Univ., Durham, NC, USA

Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses to Service Failure
Britton, Julie Edell; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and Interdisciplinary Research
How do we respond when a service that we have purchased fails to meet our expectations? Consumers frequently
experience cancelled airline flights, damaged luggage, delayed shipping, ruined clothing from the dry cleaner, an unbecoming
hair style and countless other less than desirable services. Do we automatically blame the company providing the service or
the agent delivering the bad news? What are the conditions under which the consumer feels that she or he contributed to the
negative outcome? Drawing on prior research in the fields of regret, service quality, marketing and psychology, several factors
are explored in this research. Consumers may not react in the same way when the service provider whom they chose is not
their regular service provider. A strong relationship between a customer and the service provider has been shown to insulate
the firm from as great of a negative impact if an occasional substandard interaction occurs. Additionally, research has shown
that people will blame themselves more when something goes awry, if they actively considered the chosen option rather than
just coming across it. Thus, the effects of these two factors, relationship strength and active consideration, are examined in
this research. Consumers emotional responses to the service failure were studied by measuring emotions directed at the
outcome (disappointment and delight with the outcome), emotions directed at the provider (anger and happiness with the
provider) and emotions directed at the consumer himself or herself (regret and satisfaction with their decision to use that
particular provider). In addition, measures were taken to assess the likelihood that the consumer would continue to use this
provider and to recommend them to a friend. Participants were also asked what the service provider should do to correct the
problem and how they would respond if the firm did so. The results of the study are quite insightful. Consumers blame
themselves if they used a new provider and actively considered that provider before making the decision to do business there.
Consumers using their regular provider were significantly more satisfied with their decision than were consumers using a new
provider, even though the failure was identical. Consumers using their regular provider were happier with the provider than
were consumers using a new provider. The mediating role of these emotional responses on the continuation of the service
relationship was also examined. We found evidence that the two ‘self’ focused emotions (regret and satisfaction with one s
decision) and anger directed at the provider mediated the effect of the relationship manipulation on the continuation measures.
Author
Commerce; Consumers; Psychology; Marketing; Emotional Factors
288
20060049995 Technische Univ., Darmstadt, Germany
Evaluation of the Quality of an Information Security Management System
Boehmer, Wolfgang; Petzel, Erhard; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and
If critical business processes are impaired by infrastructural IT faults (incidents), long downtimes with considerable costs
are often the result, which can lead to the ruin of the company concerned. Yet in spite of this, according to a current study,
the IT security organization is considered as the stepchild within companies. The awareness of IT risks is underdeveloped and,
in case of prevention, they are considered only inadequately in the calculation [Kk02]. At the same time, with the trend to
distributed IT systems, the appraisal of the security situation is becoming increasingly difficult. Against this background IT
governance is becoming ever more important. According to the IT Governance Institute (ITGI), IT governance includes
management organizational structures and processes, which should ensure that IT supports the company strategy and its
objectives. An Information Security Management System (ISMS) is thus a core system of IT governance. he usefulness
(effectiveness) and the efficiency (economic viability) of this system is therefore of exceptional importance to the company
and its information-related security. However, a check of previous processes and models for IT security indicates that these
reference variables have been neglected and thus no top-down management or bottom-up adaptation is effectively supported.
Also, the permanent trend towards outsourcing in IT and the necessity to establish and maintain a coordinated,
company-comprehensive security level, has been reflected only inadequately in the models up to now. In this contribution, an
approach for the evaluation of the quality of an ISMS is proposed, which allows the evaluation of the usefulness, i.e. the
effectiveness and the efficiency, thus the economic viability, of an Information Security Management System.
Author
Information Management; Warning Systems; Security; Economics; Costs; Commerce
20060049996 Belgrade Univ., Serbia

Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science According to Bologna Process
Protic, Jelica; Kovacevic, Branko; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and
University of Belgrade is the oldest institution of higher education in Serbia, founded 101 years ago as a successor of
Great School of Belgrade. University consists of 31 schools covering wide range of disciplines, from humanities to medicine
and technical sciences. Electrical Engineering became separate school in 1948, and since then built the reputation of one of
the most respectful units of the University, with more then 15,000 graduated engineers at the BSc level, more then 1800 MSc
fellows and about 600 PhD fellows. Approximately one third of them were employed in developed countries of Western
Europe and North America. Before the changes invoked by Bologna process in Europe, undergraduate studies at the School
of Electrical Engineering had traditional structure with 9 semesters of courses and one semester reserved for a final (‘diploma’)
project. Masters studies lasted 2 years, with 6 courses and the masters project. The PhD program was research oriented, with
PhD thesis only, without courses, exams and predetermined duration. The title of ‘diploma engineer’ obtained after the 5-year
program was usually translated as BSc, although it was evaluated as MSc in some particular cases, because of duration and
complexity of the studies. The program was difficult and theory-oriented, with high drop-out rate and the average real duration
between 7 and 8 years, so the changes and restructuring of the studies became inevitable. Because of the permanent changes
in technology and industry, the content of many courses also became outdated, so that major curriculum changes had to be
considered. The new Law on Higher Education in Serbia was approved in September 2005, after almost three years of
discussions and different draft versions that were negotiated between the authorities and academic community. According to
the Law, the first cycle of academic studies for bachelor degree can last 3 to 4 years (180-240 ECTS points) and the second
cycle for master degree can last 1 to 2 years, so that the total number of ECTS points for masters degree is 300 (5 years).
Doctoral studies should last at least 3 years and include both courses and PhD thesis. Each year of study is worth 60 ECTS
points. The decision made by the School of Electrical Engineering was to go for 4+1+3 scheme. According to the Law, student
must collect all 60 credits in order to be financed by the Ministry; otherwise, he can proceed to the next year with 37 credits
if he self-finances his studies. For each course, student has to gain 30-70% of his final grade during the school year, shifting
the importance of final exam, which was almost exclusive before, to the continuous work during the semester.
Derived from text
Electrical Engineering; Schools; Students; Education; Engineers
289
Multiple-Event Location Using the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Technique
Myers, S. C.; Johannesson, G.; Hanley, W.; Jul. 14, 2005; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881641; UCRL-PROC-213595; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
The goal of next-generation seismic location is to ascertain a consistent set of event locations and travel-time corrections
through simultaneous analysis of all relevant data. Towards that end, we are developing a new multipleevent location
algorithm that utilizes the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for solving large, non-linear inverse problems. Unlike
most inverse methods, the MCMC approach produces a suite of solutions, each of which is consistent with seismic and other
observations, as well as prior estimates of data and model uncertainties. In the MCMC multiple-event locator (MCMCloc),
the model uncertainties consist of prior estimates on the accuracy of each input event location, travel-time prediction
uncertainties, phase measurement uncertainties, and assessments of phase identification. The prior uncertainty estimates
include correlations between travel-time predictions, correlations between measurement errors, and the probability of
misidentifying one phase for another (or bogus picks). The implementation of prior constraints on location accuracy allows
the direct utilization of ground-truth events in the location algorithm. This is a significant improvement over most other
multiple-event locators (GMEL is an exception), for which location accuracy is achieved through post-processing comparisons
with ground-truth information. Like the double-difference algorithm, the implementation of a correlation structure for
travel-time predictions allows MCMCloc to operate over arbitrarily large geographic areas. MCMCloc can accommodate non-
Gaussian and multi-modal pick distributions, which can enhance application to poorly recorded events. Further, MCMCloc
allows for ambiguous determination of phase assignments, and the solution includes the probability that phases are properly
assigned. The probabilities that phase assignments are correct are propagated to the estimates of all other model parameters.
Posteriori estimates of event locations, path corrections, pick errors, and phase identifications are made through analysis of
the posteriori suite of acceptable solutions.
NTIS
Algorithms; Ground Truth; Markov Chains; Monte Carlo Method; Position (Location)

Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discretization of the Diffusion Equation for Arbitrary Polyhedral Grids
Bailey, T. S.; Adams, M. L.; Yang, B.; Zika, M. R.; Jul. 18, 2005; 20 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881630; UCRL-PROC-213665; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
We develop a piecewise linear (PWL) Galerkin finite element spatial discretization for the multidimensional radiation
diffusion equation. It uses piecewise linear weight and basis functions in the finite element approximation, and it can be
applied on arbitrary polygonal (2D) or polyhedral (3D) grids. We show that this new PWL method gives solutions comparable
to those from Palmers finite-volume method. However, since the PWL method produces a symmetric positive definite
coefficient matrix, it should be substantially more computationally efficient than Palmers method, which produces an
asymmetric matrix. We conclude that the Galerkin PWL method is an attractive option for solving diffusion equations on
unstructured grids.
NTIS
Diffusion; Finite Element Method
20060050136 Lawrence Livermore National Lab., Livermore, CA, USA

Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Orders of Magnitude
Stockinger, K.; Rotem, D.; Shoshani, A.; Wu, K.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English
FastBit is an efficient, compressed bitmap indexing technology that was developed in our group. In this report we evaluate
the performance of MySQL and FastBit for analyzing the email traffic of the Enron dataset. The first finding shows that
materializing the join results of several tables significantly improves the query performance. The second finding shows that
FastBit outperforms MySQL by several orders of magnitude.
NTIS
Data Base Management Systems; Algorithms; Data Processing
290
20060050176 Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
Learning User Preferences for Sets of Objects
desJardins, Marie; Eaton, Eric; Wagstaff, Kiri L.; [2006]; 8 pp.; In English; 23rd International Conference on Machine
Learning, 25-29 Jun. 2006, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF 03-25329; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39687; Avail.: Other Sources
Most work on preference learning has focused on pairwise preferences or rankings over individual items. In this paper,
we present a method for learning preferences over sets of items. Our learning method takes as input a collection of positive
examples--that is, one or more sets that have been identified by a user as desirable. Kernel density estimation is used to
estimate the value function for individual items, and the desired set diversity is estimated from the average set diversity
observed in the collection. Since this is a new learning problem, we introduce a new evaluation methodology and evaluate the
learning method on two data collections: synthetic blocks-world data and a new real-world music data collection that we have
gathered.
Author
Kernel Functions; Data Acquisition; Estimating; Ranking
20060050177 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, USA

Evolution of the Configuration Database Design
Salnikov, A.; Sep. 2005; 8 pp.; In English
The BABAR experiment at SLAC successfully collects physics data since 1999. One of the major parts of its on-line
system is the conguration database which provides other parts of the system with the conguration data necessary for data
taking. Originally the conguration database was implemented in the Objectivity/DB ODBMS. Recently BABAR performed
a successful migration of its event store from Objectivity/DB to ROOT and this prompted a complete phase-out of the
Objectivity/DB in all other BABAR databases. It required the complete redesign of the conguration database to hide any
implementation details and to support multiple storage technologies. In this paper we describe the process of the migration
of the conguration database, its new design, implementation strategy and details.
NTIS
Data Base Management Systems; Data Bases; Software Engineering; Data Management
60
COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE
Includes hardware for computer graphics, firmware and data processing. For components see 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering.
For computer vision see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics.

OCDM Transmission Experiments on JGNB Test bed Optical Link
Kamio, Yukiyoshi; Wada, Naoya; Kubota, Fumito; Kutsuzawa, Satoko; Minato, Naoki; Sasaki, Kensuke; Kobayashi, Shuko;
Nishiki, Ahihiko; Ushikubo, Takashi; Kamijoh, Takeshi; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications
Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 65-72; In English; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Optical code division multiplexing (OCDM) is a promising technology for photonic packet switching and the optical
metro- and local-area-networks (MAN/LAN) system applications, due to its all-optical signal processing, flexible capacity,
and highly secured transmission. We have proposed and developed, time-spread/wavelength-hopping systems utilizing
fiber-Bragg-grating (FBG) filters. We report field trial of 200 km transmission on time-spread/wavelength-hopping OCDM
was achieved using FBG en/decoders with 10Gbps x 2-ch signals on the JGNII network.
Author
Optical Data Processing; Local Area Networks; Packet Switching; Code Division Multiplexing; Decoders
20060048352 Nippon Electric Co. Ltd., Japan

Research and Development of High-Capacity Optical Link Technologies
Fukuchi, Kiyoshi; Hatakeyama, Ichiro; Ito, Toshiharu; Kurata, Kazuhiko; Review of the National Institute of Information and
Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No. 2; June 2006, pp. 35-41; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright;
In order to accommodate the explosively increasing Internet traffic into trunk optical fiber network, there are several issues
291
to be solved, such as effective extension of transmission distance with high capacity data stream, and small-sized/low-power
LSI interface for high capacity traffic routing chip. In this paper we demonstrate our developed ultra-dense WDM technology
and transmission fiber design to enable 10 Tbps and/or thousand-wavelength WDM long-haul transmission system. Result of
switch LSI module development with very small optical interface is also summarized that will enable very high capacity
optical interconnection.
Author
Large Scale Integration; Optical Fibers; Internets; Data Flow Analysis

Modeling of Block-Based DSP Systems
Ko, Dong-Ik; Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S; Aug 2003; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-00-1-0023
Hardcopy
Modeling semantics based on dataflow graphs are used widely in design tools for digital signal processing (DSP). This
paper develops efficient techniques for representing and manipulating block-based operations in dataflow-based DSP design
tools. In this context, a block refers to a finite-length sequence of data items, such as a sequence of speech samples, an image,
or a group of video frames, as part of an enclosing data stream. We develop in this paper a meta-modeling technique called
blocked dataflow (BLDF) for augmenting DSP design tools with more effective blocked data support in an efficient and
general manner. We compare BLDF against alternative modeling approaches through a detained case study of an MPEG 2
video encoder system.
DTIC
Digital Systems; Signal Processing
20060048667 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lexington, MA USA

Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements on the MIT Raw Microprocessor
Haney, R J; Lebak, J M; Alexander, M A; Chan, H; Jackson, P A; Wong, E L; Jun 14, 2006; 102 pp.; In English; Original
Report No.(s): AD-A453293; PCA-KERNEL-3; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453293; Avail.:
CASI: A06, Hardcopy
The DARPA Polymorphous Computing Architecture (PCA) program is a research initiative aimed at developing new
computer architectures with a high degree of flexibility. Unlike current computer architectures that are rigid in nature, PCAs
will have the capability to adapt (‘morph’) to match the problem being solved. This flexibility will allow higher overall system
performance in a broad range of applications. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has defined a set of kernel benchmarks for the PCA
program. The kernel-level benchmarks have been chosen to stress both computation and communication aspects of the
architecture. The particular benchmarks chosen are based on the frequency of their use in current and future applications. They
are drawn from the areas of signal and image processing, communication, and information and knowledge processing. Each
of these areas imposes different processing requirements on the architecture in terms of operations performed and memory
bandwidth required. This document describes a set of measurements of the PCA kernel benchmarks on a prototype PCA chip.
DTIC
Architecture (Computers); Kernel Functions; Measurement; Microprocessors; Polymorphism

Architectural Support for Extensibility and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Object Systems
Grimshaw, Andrew S; Lewis, Michael J; Ferrari, Adam J; Karpovich, John F; Jun 3, 1998; 58 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-96-C-8527; DE-FD02-96ER25290
Report No.(s): AD-A453359; CS-98-12; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453359; Avail.: CASI:
A04, Hardcopy
The Legion system defines a software architecture designed to support metacomputing, the use of large collections of
heterogeneous computing resources distributed across local- and wide-area networks as a single, seamless virtual machine.
Metasystems software must be extensible because no single system can meet all of the diverse, often conflicting, requirements
of the entire present and future user community, nor can a system constructed today take best advantage of unanticipated future
292
hardware advances. Metasystems software must also support complete site autonomy, as resource owners will not turn control
of their resources (hosts, databases, devices, etc.) over to a dictatorial system. Legion is a metasystem designed to meet the
challenges of managing and exploiting wide-area systems. The Legion virtual machine provides secure shared object and
shared name spaces, application adjustable fault-tolerance, improved response time, and greater throughput. Legion tackles
problems not solved by existing workstation-based parallel processing tools, such as fault-tolerance, wide-area parallel
processing, interoperability, heterogeneity, security, efficient scheduling, and comprehensive resource management. This paper
describes the Legion run-time architecture, focussing in particular on the critical issues of extensibility and site autonomy.
DTIC
Architecture (Computers); Autonomy; Networks
20060048938 Raytheon Missile Systems Co., Tucson, AZ USA

Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation for Distributed Sensor Networks and
Missile Seeker Systems
Schmidt, Harry; Aug 31, 2006; 40 pp.; In English
The primary goal of this effort is to bring to maturity a select set of basic algorithms, hardware, and approaches developed
under the Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Phase I program, implement them on representative hardware, and
demonstrate their performance in a realistic field environment. We have identified a few promising research thrusts
investigated in ISP Phase I where field demonstrations are cost prohibitive but collected data sets are available. Here, we will
conduct a thorough performance evaluation.
DTIC
Computer Networks; Detection; Detectors; Homing Devices; Missile Systems; Systems Integration

Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Architectures: Reliable Computing with Unreliable Devices
Roelke, IV, George R; Aug 31, 2006; 421 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454496; AFIT/DS/ENG/06-07; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454496;
This research addresses design of a reliable computer from unreliable device technologies. A system architecture is
developed for a ‘fault and defect tolerant’ (FDT) computer. Trade-offs between different techniques are studied and yield and
hardware cost models are developed. Fault and defect tolerant designs are created for the processor and the cache memory.
Simulation results for the content-addressable memory (CAM)-based cache show 90% yield with device failure probabilities
of 3 x 10(-6), three orders of magnitude better than non fault tolerant caches of the same size. The entire processor achieves
70% yield with device failure probabilities exceeding 10(-6). The required hardware redundancy is approximately 15 times
that of a non-fault tolerant design. While larger than current FT designs, this architecture allows the use of devices much more
likely to fail than silicon CMOS. As part of model development, an improved model is derived for NAND Multiplexing. The
model is the first accurate model for small and medium amounts of redundancy. Previous models are extended to account for
dependence between the inputs and produce more accurate results.
DTIC
Architecture (Computers); Defects; Fault Tolerance

Scalability, Accountability and Instant Information Access for Network-Centric Warfare
Amir, Yair; Jun 2006; 55 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-04-2-0232; DARPA ORDER-S468; Proj-S468
This project focused on one main problem: How to scale intrusion tolerant replication to wide area networks while
considerably improving performance. During the last few years, there has been considerable progress in the design of
intrusion-tolerant (Byzantine) replication systems. The state of the art before this project performed well on small scale
systems that were usually confined to local area networks. The project developed the first hierarchical Byzantine replication
architecture tailored to systems that span multiple wide area sites, each consisting of several replicas. The new architecture
dramatically improves system performance (latency and throughput), availability, and manageability, for the price of extra
293
hardware. Steward, a complete implementation of our architecture met and exceeded all performance goals and was able to
withstand a white-box red team attack without being compromised even once. A side goal for the project was to look at the
problem of malicious insider clients. Instead of compromising a system, malicious clients can just inject bad (but valid and
authenticated) updates that corrupt information and propagate through the replicated system. By constructing an
Accountability Graph between causally related updates, we demonstrate how enforcing accountability for client updates
enables backtracking and state regeneration once corrupted data is discovered.
DTIC
Warfare; Wide Area Networks
61
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE
Includes software engineering, computer programs, routines, algorithms, and specific applications, e.g., CAD/CAM. For computer
software applied to specific applications, see also the associated category.

Neural Networks for Tactile Perception
Pati, Y C; Friedman, D; Krishnaprasad, P S; Yao, C T; Peckerar, M C; Yang, R; Marrian, C R; Jan 1987; 20 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF-OIR-85-00108
Report No.(s): AD-A453206; SRC-TR-87-123-R1; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453206;
Integrated tactile sensors appear to be essential for dextrous control of multifingered robotic hands. Such sensors would
feature (1) compliant contact surfaces, (2) high resolution surface stress transduction, (3) local signal conditioning, and (4)
local computation to recover contact surface stress. The last-mentioned item pertains to the basic inverse problem of tactile
perception and the real time solution of this inverse problem is our primary concern. We think that good solutions to this
problem (i.e. algorithms + implementations ) will be needed for realizing dextrous hand control via tactile servoing. In this
paper we describe a processor chip designed to solve the mathematical inversion problem utilizing neural network principles.
An energy function for the network is derived and we show that the equilibrium states are just regularized solutions to the
inversion problem. Simulations indicate that this chip can function in the presence of large amounts of electrical noise. In
addition the effect of processing induced variability in sensor response can also be minimized using the maximum entropy
estimate method described below.
DTIC
Computer Networks; Detectors; Neural Nets

Neural Networks for Low Level Processing of Tactile Sensory Data
Pati, Yagyensh C; Jan 1988; 106 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453222; SRC-MS-89-2; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453222; Avail.:
CASI: A06, Hardcopy
As the field of robotics continues to strive forward, the need for artificial tactile sensing becomes increasingly evident.
Real-time, local processing of tactile sensory data also becomes a crucial issue in most applications of tactile sensing. In this
thesis it is shown that analog neural networks provide an elegant solution to some of the problems of low level tactile data
processing. We consider the particular problem of ′deblurring’ strain data from an array of tactile sensors. It is shown that the
inverse problem of deblurring strain measurements to recover the surface stress over a region of contact is ill-posed in the
sense defined by Hadamard. This problem is further complicated by the corruption of sensor data by noise. We show that the
techniques of ′regularization’ may be used to introduce prior knowledge of the solution space into the solutions in order to
transform the problem to one which is well-posed and less sensitive to noise. The particular regularizer chosen for the recovery
of normal stress distributions is of the functional form of Shannon entropy. Formulation of the inverse problem so as to
regularize the solutions results in a variational principle which must be solved in order to recover the surface stress. An analog
neural network which provides the desired solutions to the variational principle as a course of natural time evolution of the
circuit dynamics is proposed as a solution to the requirements for fast, local processing in tactile sensing. We discuss
performance of the network in the presence of noise based upon computer simulations. We also demonstrate, by means bf a
breadboard prototype of the network, the speed of computation achievable by such a network. An integrated circuit
294
implementation of the proposed network has been completed and the requirements of such implementations is discussed.
DTIC
Computer Networks; Distributed Processing; Neural Nets

.NET Security: Lessons Learned and Missed from Java
Evans, Nathanael P; Jan 2004; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): CCR-0092945; ITR-EIA-0205327
Hardcopy
Many systems execute untrusted programs in virtual machines (VMs) to limit their access to system resources. Sun
introduced the Java VM in 1995, primarily intended as a lightweight platform for execution of untrusted code inside web
pages. More recently, Microsoft developed the .NET platform with similar goals. Both platforms share many design and
implementation properties, but there are key differences between Java and .NET that have an impact on their security. This
paper examines how .NET’s design avoids vulnerabilities and limitations discovered in Java and discusses lessons learned
(and missed) from Java’s experience with security.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Java (Programming Language)
20060048644 California Univ., Davis, CA USA

A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Taxonomies
Bishop, Matt; Bailey, David; Sep 1996; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA904-95-C-2107
Report No.(s): AD-A453251; CSE-96-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453251; Avail.: CASI:
A03, Hardcopy
Computer vulnerabilities seem to be omnipresent. In every system fielded programming errors configuration errors and
operation errors have allowed unauthorized users to enter systems or authorized users to take unauthorized actions. Efforts to
eliminate the flaws have failed miserably; indeed sometimes attempts to patch a vulnerability have increased the danger.
Further designers and implementers rarely learn from the mistakes of others in part because these security holes are so rarely
documented in the open literature.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Taxonomy; Vulnerability

Efficiently Distributing Component-Based Applications Across Wide-Area Environments
Llambiri, Deni; Totok, Alexander; Karamcheti, Vijay; Jan 2002; 17 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453253; TR2002-832; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453253; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Distribution and replication of network-accessible applications has been shown to be an effective approach for delivering
improved Quality of Service (QoS) to end users. An orthogonal trend seen in current-day network services is the use of
component-based frameworks. Even though such component-based applications are natural candidates for distributed
deployment, it is unclear if the design patterns underlying component frameworks also enable efficient service distribution in
wide-area environments. In this paper, we investigate application design rules and their accompanying system-level support
essential to a beneficial and efficient service distribution process. Our study targets the widely used Java 2 Enterprise Edition
(J2EE) component platform and two sample component-based applications: Java Pet Store and RUBiS. Our results present
strong experimental evidence that component-based applications can be efficiently distributed in wide-area environments,
significantly improving QoS delivered to end users as compared to a centralized solution. Although current design patterns
underlying component frameworks are not always suitable, we identify a small set of design rules for orchestrating interactions
and managing component state that together enable efficient distribution. Futhermore, we show how enforcement of the
identified design rules and automation of pattern implementation can be supported by container frameworks.
DTIC
Distributed Processing; Wide Area Networks
295
A Language for Semantic Analysis
Cai, Jiazhen; May 1993; 23 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-91-0308; NSF-CCR90-02428
Report No.(s): AD-A453254; TR-635; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453254; Avail.: CASI:
A03, Hardcopy
Semantic analysis is important for compilers. In the APTS program transformation system, semantics is specified by rules
in the language RSL. The semantic rules are interpreted by APTS to generate the semantic information of the program, which
is then used by the rewriting engine for program translation. This approach has proved to be convenient and powerful in our
construction of a SETL-to-C compiler. In this paper, we discuss the features, applications, implementation strategy, and
performance of RSL.
DTIC
High Level Languages; Semantics

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Evaluation of Shipbuilding CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I)
Moore, Richard C; Oct 14, 1996; 207 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453312; UMTRI-96-35; NSRP-0476; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453312;
This report is the Phase I final report of the National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP) project (Project Number
4-94-1) to evaluate world-class shipbuilders’ existing CAD/CAM/CIM system implementations. Five U.S. shipyards
participated in this study along with personnel from University of Michigan, Proteus Engineering, and Cybo Robots. Project
participants have backgrounds in design, computer-aided design (CAD), manufacturing processes, computer-aided
manufacturing (CAM), production planning, and computer-integrated manufacturing/management (CIM). The results of this
evaluation provided the basis for the CAD/CAM/CIM Workshop presented in conjunction with the 1996 Ship Production
Symposium, and will be used as background in Phase II of the project to develop requirements for future shipbuilding
CAD/CAM/CIM systems.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Marine Technology; Ships

Results of SEI Independent Research and Development Projects and Report on Emerging Technologies and
Technology Trends
Bergey, John; Dietrich, Sven; Firesmith, Donald; Forrester, Eileen; Jordan, Angel; Kazman, Rick; Lewis, Grace; Lipson,
Howard; Mead, Nancy; Morris, Ed; Oct 2004; 106 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453372; CMU/SEI-2004-TR-018; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453372;
Each year, the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) undertakes several Independent Research and Development (IR&D)
projects. These projects serve to (1) support feasibility studies investigating whether further work by the SEI would be of
potential benefit, and (2) support further exploratory work to determine whether there is sufficient value in eventually funding
the feasibility study work as an SEI initiative. Projects are chosen based on their potential to mature and/or transition software
engineering practices, develop information that will help in deciding whether further work is worth funding, and set new
directions for SEI work. This report describes the IR&D projects that were conducted during fiscal year 2004 (October 2003
through September 2004). In addition, this report provides information on what the SEI has learned in its role as a technology
scout for developments over the past year in the field of software engineering.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Research; Software Engineering; Technology Assessment; Universities

ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture for Feedback Control of Software Performance
Zhang, Ronghua; Lu, Chenyang; Abdelzaher, Tarek F; Jan 2002; 11 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-01-C-1905; N00014-01-1-0576
Hardcopy
296
Attainment of software performance assurances in open, largely unpredictable environments has recently become an
important focus for real-time research. Unlike closed embedded systems, many contemporary distributed real-time
applications operate in environments where offered load and available resources suffer considerable random fluctuations,
thereby complicating the performance assurance problem. Feedback control theory has recently been identified as a
promising analytic foundation for controlling performance of such unpredictable, poorly modeled software systems, the same
way other engineering disciplines have used this theory for physical process control. In this paper, we describe the design and
implementation of ControlWare, a middleware QoS-control architecture based on control theory, motivated by the needs of
performance-assured Internet services. It offers a new type of guarantees we call convergence guarantees that lie between hard
and probabilistic guarantees. The efficacy of the architecture in achieving its QoS goals under realistic load conditions is
demonstrated in the context of web server and proxy QoS management.
DTIC
Applications Programs (Computers); Architecture (Computers); Computer Programming; Feedback Control; Software
Engineering

CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: What We Learned
Chrissis, Mary Beth; Konrad, Mike; Shrum, Sandy; Smith, Kenneth; Wemyss, Gian; Oct 2004; 62 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453376; CMU/SEI-2004-SR-008; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453376;
This report summarizes the results of the Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) Interpretive Guidance Project.
It summarizes and analyzes the 7500 comments received regarding CMMI adoption that were reported by CMMI users and
potential users. It also describes the actions being taken by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) to address the issues
identified by Interpretive Guidance Project participants. Although the initial goal of the project was to develop interpretive
guidance, after data gathering and analysis the team realized that most respondents’ issues did not require interpretive
guidance. Based on a relatively small number of comments, interpretive guidance was planned, including papers, frequently
asked questions (FAQs), and new CMMI courses. However, participant comments clearly showed CMMI interpretive
guidance to be less of an adoption issue than suspected. Some comments covered issues already being addressed as part of
SEI activities, including the development of Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPISM) Class
B and C methods, the collection of cost and benefit information, and the creation and improvement of CMMI training courses.
The majority (approximately 80%) of the actionable comments received were best handled as change requests to help guide
the ongoing improvement of the CMMI Product Suite.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Software Engineering

Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) and Final Design Review (FDR) Criteria
Lapham, Mary A; Jun 2006; 41 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453489; CMU/SEI-2006-TN-023; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453489;
Many Department of Defense (DoD) development programs, such as aircraft development programs, are typically
complex and long-lived. Often, these programs are structured to demonstrate significant capability in the form of prototypes,
which may be additionally intended to provide lingering operational capability. As such, technology development activities
frequently include design reviews known as the Initial Design Review (IDR) and the Final Design Review (FDR) that are not
present in most other systems acquisitions. IDR and FDR content is not explicitly defined in regulations or policies; rather,
it is defined by the program office. However, since IDR and FDR are the Technology Development phase’s equivalent to
Preliminary Design Review and Critical Design Review, this technical note proposes that they should have similar criteria,
scaled for Technology Development work. This technical note presents definitions of IDR and FDR, their context in the
acquisition life cycle, a comparison of engineering emphasis during IDR and FDR, IDR and FDR pre- and postconditions, and
IDR and FDR criteria and how to apply them. The audiences for this technical note are managers and developers of medium
to large DoD systems that employ technology that is not mature enough to transition directly to systems development.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Design Analysis; Procurement; Project Management; Prototypes; Software Engineering
297
Control System Design for a Flexible Arm
Wang, Li-Sheng; Jan 1987; 91 pp.; In English
CASI: A05, Hardcopy
In this thesis, the author studies the problem of real-time control of a flexible arm. He has investigated techniques for
compensating the effects of friction and ripple torque. New software was written to use a Metrabyte Data Acquisition and
Control board for the real-time implementation. A controller-observer scheme was used together with integral feedback. In the
design of feedback gains, a newly developed package called CONSOLE was used. After translating the continuous-time
design to the discrete-system and before implementation, a package called SIMNON was used to do the simulation of the
whole system and to explore the effect of different sampling rates. The experiments done so far imply that the schemes used
here are sound for real-time control of flexible structures.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Control; Control Systems Design; Real Time Operation; Robots

Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Capacity in Binary Neural Networks
Dayhoff, Judith E; Palmadesso, Peter J; Dec 21, 1994; 61 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-90-K-2010; NSF-CDR-88-03012
Report No.(s): AD-A453495; ISR-TR-95-82; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453495; Avail.:
CASI: A04, Hardcopy
The wide repertoire of attractors and basins of attraction that appear in dynamic neural networks not only serve as models
of brain activity patterns, but they also create possibilities for new computational paradigms that use attractors and their basins.
To develop such computational paradigms, it is first critical to assess neural network capacity for attractors and for differing
basins of attraction, depending on the number of neurons and the weights. In this paper, the authors analyze the attractors and
basins of attraction for recurrent, fully-connected single layer binary networks. They utilize the network transition graph -- a
graph that shows all transitions from one state to another for a given neural network -- to show all oscillations and fixed-point
attractors, along with the basins of attraction. Conditions are shown whereby pairs of transitions are possible from the same
neural network. They derive a lower bound for the number of transition graphs possible, 2(exp n2-n), for an n-neuron network.
Simulation results show a wide variety of transition graphs and basins of attraction; sometimes networks have more attractors
than neurons. The authors count thousands of basin classes -- networks with differing basins of attraction -- in networks with
as few as five neurons. Dynamic networks show promise for overcoming the limitations of static neural networks by use of
dynamic attractors and their basins. The results show that dynamic networks have a high capacity for basin classes, can have
more attractors than neurons, and have more stable basin boundaries than in the Hopfield associative memory.
DTIC
Binary Data; Central Processing Units; Computer Networks; Computerized Simulation; Neural Nets

Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organizations: A Preliminary Report
Dodson, Kathryn M; Hofmann, Hubert F; Ramani, Gowri S; Yedlin, Deborah K; Fisher, Matthew J; Kost, Keith; Jun 2006;
413 pp.; In English
CMMI (Capability Maturity Model Integration) is a collection of best practices that helps organizations improve their
processes. It was initially developed by a product team from Industry, U.S. government and the Software Engineering Institute
for application to process improvement in the development of products and services covering the entire product life cycle from
conceptualization through maintenance and disposal. Following the success of CMMI models for development organizations,
the need was identified for a CMMI model addressing the acquisition environment. This need was reinforced and gained
further attention due to similar needs expressed by General Motors (GM), which acquires information technology (IT)
solutions. Aligned with GM’s strategy, GM projects or programs develop requirements and design constraints and oversee
multiple suppliers that develop IT solutions and then deploy the resulting products and services into one or more of GM’s
business units. This approach parallels the acquisition processes used in many government organizations. General Motors, in
collaboration with the SEI and with approval of the CMMI Sponsors and Steering Group, sponsored the development of an
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initial draft CMMI for Acquisition (CMMI-ACQ) constellation, which will lead to a CMMI-based acquisition model formally
accepted by both government and industry after piloting of the initial draft CMMI-ACQ has been completed. This draft is
based on the CMMI Version 1.2 architecture and framework which incorporates the concept of constellations, which are
groupings of components to support a specific model application such as Development (DEV) or Acquisition (ACQ).
DTIC
Acquisition; Commerce

Web-based Open Tool Integration Framework
Karsai, G; May 2006; 48 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-02-2-0202; Proj-MOBI
Hardcopy
The OTIF project described in this report addressed the problem of building integrated design tool chains for embedded
system development. The project has developed, implemented, and applied an open tool integration framework that provides
a software infrastructure for building specific tool integration solutions. The framework is based on reusable components and
industry-standard protocols, and uses metamodeling and model transformation technology to facilitate the tool integration
task. The report summarizes the technological contributions of the project, and the actual prototype tool chains constructed.
DTIC
Architecture (Computers); Internets; Software Development Tools
20060048779 Intelligent Electronics, Arlington, VA USA

Expressive Threat Detection Validation Framework
Schrag, Robert; Goldfedder, Brandon; Jun 2006; 49 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-05-C-0092; Proj-EAGL
Hardcopy
Under this project IET has developed a performance evaluation laboratory that consists of a synthetic dataset generator,
a postprocessor to load generated data into relational databases, and a hypothesis scorer. The objective of this effort was to
generate synthetic data sets for the counter terrorism domain to support objective performance of existing threat detection
tools/technology. The generator can generate a file with 100,000 individuals and 1,000,000 observable transactions in about
12 minutes. The generator has over 100 different parameters that may be varied to make the link discovery problem easier or
harder in specific ways. This massively parameterized problem space supports flexible experimentation that can address the
following kinds of questions: What problem characteristics most influence a given technology’s performance? What is the
observed capabilities envelope of a given technology across the parameterized problem space? What performance can we
predict for a given technology on a dataset with given characteristics?
DTIC
Data Processing Equipment; Detection; Software Development Tools

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. AP: Design Through
Manufacture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Manufacture of Submarine Hulls
West, Harry; Gallo, Mike; Sep 1989; 14 pp.; In English
A computer graphics based advisory system has been developed to aid in the design and manufacture of submarine hulls.
The design and manufacture advisor incorporates models of the materials (steel) and processes (bump forming roll bending.
welding and fixturing) used for the manufacture of the hulls and allows the user to explore the effect of different material
qualities (described in terms of variances of thickness and yield strength) and different manufacturing parameters (punch
penetration punch spacing and number of fixtures for example) on the resulting quality (circuliuity) of the hull section. By
Designing through Manufacture in this way the resulting design of the submarine hull section is not just a geometric
representation of the desired shape of the hull but incorporates explicit information about the materials and processes used to
299
create the shape and of the quality that results from the designer!5 choice of materials and processes.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Computer Techniques; Conferences; Hulls (Structures); Marine
Technology; Ships

Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architectures and Motion Control
Manikonda, Vikram; Krishnaprasad, P S; Hendler, James; Jan 1997; 30 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-92-G0121; N00014-J-91-1451
In this paper, the authors put forth a framework that integrates features of reactive planning models with modern
control-theory-based approaches to motion control of robots. They introduce a motion description language, MDLe, that
provides a formal basis for robot programming using behaviors, and at the same time permits incorporation of kinematic and
dynamic models of robots given in the form of differential equations. In particular, behaviors for robots are formalized in terms
of kinetic state machines, a motion description language, and the interaction of the kinetic state machine with real-time
information from (limited range) sensors. This formalization allows them to create a mathematical basis for the study of such
systems, including techniques for integrating sets of behaviors. In addition, they suggest optimality criteria for comparing both
atomic and compound behaviors in various environments. They demonstrate the use of MDLe in the area of motion planning
for nonholonomic robots. Such models impose limitations on stabilization via smooth feedback. Piecing together open loop
and closed loop trajectories becomes essential in these circumstances, and MDLe enables one to describe such piecing together
in a systematic manner. A reactive planner using the formalism of the paper is described. The authors also demonstrate obstacle
avoidance with limited range sensors as a test of this planner.
DTIC
Collision Avoidance; Control; Languages; Motion; Programming Languages; Robots

Software Architecture of PSET: A Page Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit
Mao, Song; Kanungo, Tapas; Sep 2000; 20 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA-9049-6C-1250; 9802167270
Report No.(s): AD-A453815; LAMP-TR-058; CAR-TR-955; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Architecture (Computers); Segments

Solving Integer Programs With Enumeration Cutting Planes
Boyd, E A; Mar 1992; 23 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF-DDM91-01578
A cutting plane technique with applicability to the solution of general integer programs is presented and the computational
value of this technique is demonstrated by applying it to a collection of seven difficult integer programs arising from real-world
applications. Four of the seven problems are solved to optimality without the aid of branch and bound, and six of the seven
problems have the gap between the value of the integer program and its linear programming relaxation closed by over 98%.
DTIC
Cutting; Enumeration; Integers; Linear Programming

On the Formulation and Theory of the Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlinear Programming
El-Bakry, A S; Tapia, Richard A; Zhang, Y; Tsuchiya, T; Apr 1995; 40 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0363; DAAL03-90-G-0093
In this work we first study in detail the formulation of the primal-dual interior- point method for linear programming. We
show that, contrary to popular belief, it cannot be viewed as the damped Newton method applied to the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker
conditions for the logarithmic barrier function problem. Next we extend the formulation to general nonlinear programming,
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and then validate this extension by demonstrating that this algorithm can be implemented so that it is locally and
Q-quadratically convergent under only the standard Newton’s method assumptions. We also establish a global convergence
theory for this algorithm and include promising numerical experimentation.
DTIC
Linear Programming; Newton Methods; Nonlinear Programming

Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Performance: Predicting Shooting Performance with Advanced Distributed
Learning Assessments
Chung, Gregory K; Cruz, Girlie C De La; Vries, Linda F de; Kim, Jin-Ok; Bewley, William L; Souza e Silva, Adriana A de;
Sylvester, Roxanne M; Baker, Eva L; Mar 2004; 293 pp.; In English
The UCLA National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST) conducted research
on assessment models and tools designed to support Naval distance learning (DL), with application to USMC marksmanship
training. CRESST examined the role of cognitive and non-cognitive variables in the prediction of rifle marksmanship
performance in a series of studies. The evidence suggests a knowledge component to shooting performance, and differences
in knowledge of rifle marksmanship between participants’ pre-classroom training and post-classroom training, between more
experienced participants and less experienced participants, between high performers and low performers, and between higher
aptitude and lower aptitude participants. Knowledge measures can predict record-fire scores moderately in less experienced
samples, and when combined with other variables within the stages-of-skill-processing framework, can predict record-fire
scores as well as scores from a rifle simulator.
DTIC
Performance Prediction; Rifles

Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in Engineering Drawing Analysis
Henderson, Thomas C; Oct 10, 2003; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453887; UUCS-03-018; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Domain knowledge permeates all aspects of the engineering drawing analysis process, including understanding the
physical processes operating on the medium (i.e., paper), the image analysis techniques, and the interpretation semantics of
the structural layout and contents of the drawing. Additionally, an understanding of the broader reverse engineering context,
within which the drawing analysis takes place, should be exploited. Thus as part of a wider project on the reverse engineering
of legacy systems, we have developed an agent-based engineering analysis system called NDAS (nonDeterministic Agent
System).
DTIC
Engineering Drawings; Expert Systems; Information Management; Knowledge Representation
20060049008 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command, San Diego, CA USA
Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Enhanced Signal Processing
Brown, Alison; May, Marvin; Tanju, Barry; Jan 2000; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
In this paper the architecture of a software GPS receiver is described and an analysis is included of the performance of
a software GPS receiver when tracking the GPS signals in challenging environments. Results are included which demonstrate
the advantage of the software GPS receiver in tracking the GPS signals in low signal-to-noise or jamming scenarios. Various
current and previous applications of the software GPS receiver are also described.
DTIC
Computer Programs; Global Positioning System; Receivers; Signal Processing
20060049009 George Washington Univ., Washington, DC USA

An Integrated Approach to Motion and Sound
Hahn, James K; Geigel, Joe; Lee, Jong W; Gritz, Larry; Takala, Tapio; Mishra, Suneil; Jan 1995; 29 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-94-K-2009
301
Until recently, sound has been given little attention in computer graphics and related domains of computer animation and
virtual environments, although sounds which are properly synchronized to motion provide a great deal of information about
events in the environment. Sounds are often not properly synchronized because the sounds and the phenomena that caused the
sounds are not considered in an integrated way. In this paper, we present an integrated approach to motion and sound as it
applies to computer animation and virtual environments. The key to this approach is synchronization by mapping the motion
parameters to sound parameters so that the sound changes as a result of changes in the motion. This is done by representing
sounds using a technique for functional composition analogous to the ‘shade trees’ which we call timbre trees. These timbre
trees are used as a part of a sound description language that is analogous to scene description languages like RenderMan.
Using this methodology, we have produced convincing sound effects for a wide variety of animated scenes including the
automatic generation of background music.
DTIC
Acoustics; Computer Graphics; Motion

CRESST Human Performance Knowledge Mapping System
Chung, Gregory K; Michiuye, Joanne K; Brill, David G; Sinha, Ravi; Saadat, Farzad; de Vries, Linda F; Delacruz, Girlie C;
Bewley, William L; Baker, Eva L; Dec 2002; 95 pp.; In English
The UCLA National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST) designed and
developed a knowledge mapping tool intended to measure content understanding. This report presents a review of knowledge
mapping scoring methods and current online mapping systems, and the overall design, functionality, scoring, usability testing,
and authoring capabilities of the CRESST system. While several tools exist that are available to construct knowledge maps,
CRESST’s knowledge mapping tool is one of the only systems designed specifically for assessment purposes, the only system
that can support multiple assessment formats, and the only system with an empirical research base. Limitations of the system
and possible next steps are discussed.
DTIC
Human Performance

An Integrated Virtual Environment System
Hahn, James K; Gritz, Larry; Darken, Rudolph; Geigel, Joseph; Lee, Jong W; Jan 1993; 17 pp.; In English
Virtual environment research involves a number of related problems from a variety of domains. A joint research at the
George Washington University and the Naval Research Laboratory is bringing together issues from these domains to study
the factors that contribute to an integrated virtual environment. The research can be divided into three general categories:
human factors, motion control, and sound synchronization. Human factors issues involve the development of new paradigms
for movement and navigation, essential for performance of general tasks in virtual spaces. Novel approaches to motion control
are being explored to help users of virtual environments interact and control virtual objects. This involves both interactive
control as well as automation through evolutionary approaches. The sounds being generated as a result of these motions are
modeled with compositional techniques to parameterize and synchronize them to the events in the environment. The research
is being approached from both a fundamental point of view typical of an academic environment as well as from an application
oriented point of view of interest to the Navy. The cooperative relationship has benefited both the George Washington
University and the Naval Research Laboratory.
DTIC
Acoustics; Motion; Systems Integration; Virtual Reality

Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provisions of the REAL ID Act of 2005
Garcia, Michael J; Lee, Margaret M; Talelman, Todd; May 25, 2005; 49 pp.; In English
During the 108th Congress, a number of proposals related to immigration and identification-document security were
302
introduced, some of which were considered in the context of implementing recommendations made by the National
Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the USA (also known as the 9/11 Commission) and enacted pursuant to the Intelligence
Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 (P.L. 108-458). At the time that the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism
Prevention Act was adopted, some congressional leaders reportedly agreed to revisit certain immigration and document-
security issues in the 109th Congress that had been dropped from the final version of the act.
DTIC
Identifying; Security

Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Realizations
Beloglavec, Simon; Hericko, Marjan; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 71-76; In Slovene; See also
Using design patterns in the process of developing object-oriented software has become mandatory for experienced
engineers. The proven knowledge that is contained in design patterns is mapped into a software design through pattern
realization. Pattern realization updates the design with changes in the object’s structure and inter-object communication. All
design patterns allow a variety of acceptable realizations. In a specific solution domain, some realizations prove to be more
suitable than others. The level of suitability can be determined with the help of software design metrics. The metric scores
reveal the quality attributes of the updated design. Through the gathering and comparison of the metric scores the appropriate
realizations can be determined. The number of possible realizations for the design pattern can be significantly high and the
execution of such tasks is not always feasible for projects with tight schedules. The selection of effective realizations depends
on the experiences of a software engineer. Continuous support during the selection process can help less experienced engineers
build better software designs. This support should provide a comparison for selecting pattern realizations in an acceptable
amount of time. The presented approach makes use of concurrency and networking mechanisms in the Java software-platform,
which enables evaluation of design pattern realizations in reasonable time. Acceptable pattern realization should be specified
for each design pattern. For this purpose we present the formal specification for design patterns with the TLA+ specification
language. This specification clearly specifies allowable changes of internal pattern elements. With this additional pattern
information, possible pattern realization can be generated and evaluated by a support tool. The concurrent evaluation that is
performed on multiple network nodes ensures acceptable response times. We present a prototype for the support tool
developed during the research.
Author
Object-Oriented Programming; Software Development Tools; Software Engineering; Computer Programs; Java
(Programming Language)

Object-Oriented Design and Implementation of Computer Chess
Boskovic, Borko; Brest, Janez; Zumer, Viljem; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 31-37; In Slovene; See
also 20060049162; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
The paper presents an object-oriented design and implementation of a chess program written in Java. It enables adding
and testing additional representations of the game and search algorithms. This includes representation of chess game in the
computer and search algorithms used in the developed chess program. The program which was tested with test positions and
human chess players, solves many test positions and achieves positive scores with amateur chess players. Key words: chess
program, object-oriented design end implementation, representation of the chess game, search algorithm, testing chess
program
Author
Algorithms; Object-Oriented Programming; Java (Programming Language); Games; Computer Programs

Investigating the Applicability of Architecture Description in Configuration Management and Software Deployment
Hoek, Andre van der; Heimbigner, Dennis; Wolf, Alexander L; Sep 1998; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253; F30602-98-2-0163
Report No.(s): AD-A453899; CU-CS-862-98; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453899; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The discipline of software architecture has traditionally been concerned with high-level design. In particular, a variety of
303
architecture description languages have been developed that are used to precisely capture a design. Additionally, analysis tools
have been constructed that are used to verify particular properties of a design. However, today’s trend towards the
development of component-based software seems to suggest a new use of software architecture. Because an architecture
captures components and the connections among them, it could potentially be used as an organizing abstraction for many of
the activities in the software life cycle. In this paper we present an initial investigation into the feasibility of such use. In
particular, we closely examine the role system modeling plays in the fields of configuration management and software
deployment, and relate this role to the system modeling capabilities of architecture description languages. The outcome of this
investigation is twofold. First, we conclude that, for the specific cases of configuration management and software deployment,
the use of software architecture brings opportunities to significantly extend the provided functionality. Second, we present
requirements for a number of extensions to typical architecture description languages that are needed to make our approach
viable.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Computer Systems Programs; Configuration Management; Deployment; Software Engineering
20060049264 Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Jersey City, NJ USA
Ship Production Symposium Held in Seattle, Washington on August 24-26, 1988 (The National Shipbuilding Research
Program)
Aug 1988; 245 pp.; In English
Conferences; Marine Technology; Ships
20060049278 Naval Sea Systems Command, Washington, DC USA

Harnessing Simulation of Naval Shipyards
White, Cynthia V; Sep 1989; 12 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
Computer Aided Design; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards; Simulation

User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Software (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Shields, III, R V; Aug 1987; 13 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
Great emphasis has been attached to the achievement of productivity and producibility benefits through the application
of Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies. To ensure the achievement of
these benefits its. it is important that the end user have appropriate software and is able to use it to his advantage. The proper
procurement, customization, installation, training and implementation of software can play a significant role in the
effectiveness of CAD/CAM.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Computer Aided Manufacturing; Computer Programs; Marine Technology; Ships

Applications of Digital Transfer of Computer Aided Design Data for Production Usage (The National Shipbuilding
Research Program)
Streiff, M A; Cada, D G; Aug 1987; 14 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
This paper addresses efforts to provide the capability to transfer data between Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems
currently in use on the CG 47 contract. The paper will discuss experience with the use of Initial Graphic Exchange
Specification (IGES) and direct translators. The pros and cons of both approaches will be addressed. The issue of transferring
304
data between the two different hull design and lofting systems in use in shipbuilding is explored.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Digital Computers; Marine Technology; Ships
20060049318 Belgian Defense, Belgium

Improving Military Recruit Quality Through Smart Classification Technology
Lescreve, Francois; Oct 2002; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The purpose of this research effort was to demonstrate the benefits of using sophisticated batch classification methods to
improve the quality of enlisted Military personnel. In order to reach the objective, this project used the Belgian Psychometric
Model as a technology demonstrator. The aim was to use this system with actual selection data from different countries to show
that it can improve the quality of the enlisted persons through smart classification. In this report we review three datasets
originating from respectively Portugal, Spain and the USA. The table below illustrates the core of what is meant by the title
of this research project. The two compared classification methods deal with the same applicants for the same vacancies. Both
methods fill the vacancies. Yet, the available indicators of the Military recruit quality (in this example, the relevant composite
scores) are significantly better when the classification is done by a snrart classification system such as the Psychometric Model.
DTIC
Batch Processing; Classifications; Psychometrics
20060049329 Aquatic Nuisance Species Program, Vicksburg, MS USA

Utility of Niche Models in Developing Site Assessments Technologies Associated With Aquatic Nuisance Species
Invasions at Corps Facilities
Shearer, Judy F; Jul 2006; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The rate of invasive species introductions into the USA has steadily increased over the past 20 years. Coupled with
ever-increasing human activity has been a steady increase in movement of invasive species resulting in many introductions
of species into new landscapes (National Invasive Species Council (NISC) 2001). These introductions can pose serious threats
to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) installations and projects and their impact is only expected to worsen. This article
summarizes some new and novel approaches to invasion biology that can be used to predict species movements across broad
geographic regions and local landscapes.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Marine Biology

Composable Simulations
Kasputis, Stephen; Ng, Henry C; Jan 2000; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
While there has been much attention paid to the applications of Modeling and Simutlation (M&S) by DoD lately little
has been done to address those broad technology areas that enable application-oriented simulations to be more easily
constructed, run and analyzed. Model Composabilty is the ability to compose models/modules across a variety of application
domains levels of resolution and time scales. A composability framework for simuations offers a quantum leap in capability
and provides the sought after ease of use. However, composability is still a frontier subject in Modeling and Simulation and
current capability is limited. While mdel reuse is close to the Holy Grail of M&S the goal is not within sight. We are
discovering that unless models are designed to work together they don’t (at least not easily and cost effectively). Without a
robust, theoretically grounded framework for design we are consigned to repeat this problem for the foreseeable future. This
position paper outlines the challenges and basic researches that are needed for composable simulation developments.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Simulation
305
Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Commercial GPS Receiver Through Software Approach (Preprint)
Lin, David M; Tsui, James B; Liou, Lee; Schamus, John; Jan 2004; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This paper reports sensitivity improvement of a stationary GPS receiver using software GPS approach. The experiments
were conducted using both simulated and real GPS signals. The sensitivity improvement can be as much as 10 dB. This paper
discusses the software algorithms developed to perform the code acquisition and tracking that enabled the sensitivity
improvement. The commercial GPS receiver has an unusual sampling frequency of 5.455657x106 Hz. The paper will discuss
techniques used to handle such odd sampling rate in the software algorithms, also, the determination of the time skew (fine
time) between clock phase and initial phase of C/A code when working with this odd sampling rate. The techniques discussed
in this paper is not only limited to work with the specific commercial receiver. They can be applied to software receiver with
any sampling frequency. Experimental set up and procedures used to evaluate the sensitivity improvements are also discussed.
DTIC
Coding; Computer Programs; Global Positioning System; Low Cost; Receivers; Sensitivity
20060049351 Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR USA

Machine Learning for the Knowledge Plane
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-03-2-0191; Proj-Q274
Hardcopy
In 2003, Dave Clark (MIT) proposed a new abstract internet layer called the Knowledge Plane (KP) whose purpose is
to support network applications such as general fault management, self configuration, and performance management that
require distributed, self-aware cognitive processing. The heart of this idea is to combine techniques from machine learning
with new architectural concepts in networking to make the internet self-aware and self-managing. This will require
revolutionary advances in both statistical learning methods and network protocol design and implementation. We performed
pilot work on the machine learning portion of the Knowledge Plane. This consisted of three components: (a) we wrote a
document formulating the various learning tasks that will arise within the Knowledge Plane and within KP applications, (b)
we worked with networking researchers to design several KP scenarios for purposes of developing a new DARPA-funded KP
program, and (c) we participated in DARPA working meetings and planning workshops to help finalize the proposed KP
program.
DTIC
Cognition; Knowledge Based Systems; Learning; Machine Learning
20060049367 MDC Ltd., UK

The Use of Computers in Advancing Group Technology (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Stewart, Eric W; Aug 1988; 13 pp.; In English
When introducing product oriented work breakdown techniques as a means of defining work within a shipyard, it is
worthwhile considering the use of computers, and how they may be utilized, to improve the success of the task. This document
addresses experiences gained and reflects on the systems in place in some of the shipyards within the UK.
DTIC
Computer Aided Manufacturing; Computers; Marine Technology; Ships

The Information Flow Requirements of the Design and Procurement Processes of Shipbuilding Programs
Jun 1989; 87 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTMA91-84-C-41043
Hardcopy
306
The principle purpose of the work was to develop the tools that are necessary for integrating the schedules by which
drawings are developed and equipment is procured in shipyards which use modern modular construction practices in their
shipbuilding, repair or overhaul projects.
DTIC
Computer Aided Manufacturing; Industrial Management; Information Flow; Marine Technology; Procurement; Ships
20060049394 Henry (J. J.) Co., Inc., Portsmouth, VA USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized
Angle Measurement for Inclining Experiments
Chen, Victor Y; Weinrich, Peter K; Aug 1990; 11 pp.; In English
This paper examines the application of the latest in precision electronic angle measurement instrumentation, combined
with portable computer technology, to the measurement of the angles of inclination during inclining experiments. The
Computerized Angle Measurement System (CAMS), developed by ITS Inc., will be described as to its configuration and
function including the methods used in data acquisition to enhance both its ease of use and accuracy of the results. The
software for data acquisition will also be discussed. The CAMS will be compared to traditional pendulums and mechanical
tangent inclinometers in the areas of accuracy, cost, and ease of use. CAMS will be shown to be a very accurate, cost effective,
and easy to use tool for angle measurement during inclining experiments.
DTIC
Angles (Geometry); Computer Techniques; Conferences; Marine Technology; Measurement; Ships

CMMI for Development, Version 1.2
CMMI for Development (CMMI-DEV) Version 1.2 is an upgrade of CMMI-SE/SW/IPPD/SS Version 1.1. The focus of
the CMMI Version 1.2 effort is on improving the quality of CMMI products and the consistency of how they are applied. This
report represents the model portion of the CMMI Product Suite. Other portions of the CMMI Product Suite include the
SCAMPI A appraisal method and the Introduction to CMMI training course. CMMI now includes the concept of CMMI
constellations. A constellation is a set of CMMI components designed to meet the needs of a specific area of interest. A
constellation can produce one or more related CMMI models and related appraisal and training materials. CMMI for
Development is the first of these constellations. This report contains the two models that comprise the CMMI for Development
constellation: the CMMI for Development and CMMI for Development +IPPD models. The report consists of three parts. Part
one is the overview which describes CMMI concepts model components and guidance on using the CMMI Product Suite. Part
two contains the generic goals and practices and process areas which are used by organizations to improve their development
processes. Part three contains references acronyms project participants and a glossary.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Computer Programs; Life (Durability); Software Engineering

Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Strategy by Profiling Software Risks
Ward, Mary C; Elm, Joseph P; Kushner, Susan; Aug 2006; 136 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The goal of acquisition planning is to create a roadmap that a program can follow to maximize its chances of successfully
fielding a system that meets users needs within cost and on schedule Developing an acquisition strategy is a key component
of acquisition planning that provides a means of addressing risks through the program structure Programs need structured ways
to reason about software risks formulate acquisition strategies to mitigate software risk and evaluate their current acquisition
strategy in an ongoing systematic manner This report introduces a taxonomy of strategy drivers and strategy elements and
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provides a method for performing a comparative analysis of the strategy drivers and the resulting strategic choices for the
elements The primary audience for this technical report and the accompanying Excel-based tool is program managers of
government acquisition programs The main prerequisite for successfully using this information is working knowledge of
government acquisition practices.
DTIC
Acquisition; Computer Programs; Risk; Security
20060049437 Imperial Coll. of Science and Technology, London, UK

Distributed Compression in Camera Sensor Networks
Dragotti, Pier L; Feb 13, 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This report results from a contract tasking Imperial College London as follows: This effort will address a distributed
compression problem using information theoretic methods originating in the work of Slepian and Wolf for lossless
compression and extended by Wyner and Ziv to the case of lossy compression of continuous-valued sources. The theories
developed in these papers are non-constructive and rely on asymptotic random coding arguments. Constructive designs of
encoders for the distributed compression problem based on channel codes have been subsequently proposed with applicability
to sensor networks. However, in a realistic context the statistics of the source are not known a-priori and channels codes such
as turbo or trellis codes might be too complicated in this context. This effort will make use of the correlation structure of the
data given by the plenoptic function in the case of multi-camera systems. In many cases the structure of the plenoptic function
can be estimated without requiring inter-sensor communications, but by using some a-priori global geometrical information.
Once the structure of the plenoptic function has been predicted, it is possible to develop specific distributed compression
algorithms that do not require the use of complicated channel codes. This effort will develop techniques to predict the structure
of the plenoptic function and develop very simple and efficient distributed compression algorithms derived from a design of
a new fully distributed image compression scheme for multi-view images. The algorithm will be implemented in Matlab or
C and will operate on some sets of pre-selected multi-view images. Commented MatLab psuedo-code and or C code will be
provided with any executables demonstrating the algorithms.
DTIC
Cameras; Coding; Data Compression; Image Processing

Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Supercomputers
McBryan, Oliver A; Dec 1992; 15 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0422; ASC92-17394
Report No.(s): AD-A454596; CU-CS-634-92; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
We describe the implementation of a fluid dynamical benchmark on two Thinking Machines Corporation parallel
computers - the 65,536 processor CM-200 computer and the 1024-node CM-5 computer. The benchmark, the Shallow Water
Equations, is frequently used as a model for both oceanographic and atmospheric circulation. We describe the steps involved
in implementing the algorithm on the computers and we provide details of resulting performance. We have measured 5.2
Gflops (64-bit arithmetic) and 8.1 Gflops (32-bit) on the CM-200 while the CM-5 delivers 22.1 Gflops (64-bit) and 24 Gflops
(32-bit). For comparison, performance of 1.53 Gflops was measured for the same algorithm on the CRAY Y-MP/8, 1.28 Gflops
on the 256-node SUPRENUM-1 and 0.54 Gflops was measured on the 128-node Intel iPSC/860.
DTIC
Flow Equations; Fluid Dynamics; Shallow Water; Supercomputers

Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring System (TAO ITS)
Stottler, Richard H; Vinkavich, Michael; Jan 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The U.S. Navy’s Surface Warfare Officers School (SWOS) in Rhode Island is pioneering the use of a low-cost,
simulation-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS) as part of its Tactical Action Officer (TAO) training program to train Navy
officers in high-level tactical skills. This software was designed and built for SWOS for use on standard PCs, and the Navy
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has a royalty-free license to use it. A key objective of the software is to increase the active training that officers receive to
improve their ability to apply their conceptual knowledge of tactics. Early results from its use with two classes are encouraging
and indicate that the software will succeed in this goal by enabling as much as a 10-fold increase in hands-on training. The
software has three parts. First, there is a scenario generator, with which instructors -- with limited assistance from a
programmer -- can create any number of simulated scenarios. These can be set in any part of the world, and populated with
different surface and air platforms. Each individual platform is implemented as an ‘intelligent agent’ and can be given its own
performance characteristics and behaviors. Second, there is the ITS, which presents selected scenarios to the student to
practice different tactical concepts. The third part of the software is an instructor interface tool for instructors to review the
students’ work with the tutoring system in detail. This paper describes what the TAO ITS can do and the benefits it can
provide. It also includes an explanation of why the case-based reasoning technique was used in the software to reduce three
problems commonly associated with intelligent tutoring systems: effective incorporation of subject expert knowledge in the
software, cost, and development time. It also reviews SWOS’s experience with the software since its introduction, students’
opinions of the software, and ways in which future simulation-based ITSs might be improved based on SWOS’s experience.
DTIC
Artificial Intelligence; Computer Programs; Computerized Simulation; Education; Military Personnel; Personnel; Warfare

Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Without Programmers
Davis, Alexander; Houlette, Ryan; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAB07-02-C-H801
We have designed and prototyped a new software tool that will permit military planners to rapidly create wargaming
systems customized for specific SASO missions without the assistance of a programmer. This tool (KAGES) possesses two
major components: the authoring tool and the knowledge representation engine. The authoring component provides an
intelligent, intuitive graphical user interface that can guide the user through the knowledge acquisition (KA) and simulation
authoring process. By manipulating a palette of objects on a mission canvas, the user specifies the entities and domain
knowledge necessary to fully describe a mission. KAGES is not simply a visual authoring tool, however. It collaborates with
the user during authoring, drawing upon its built-in knowledge engineering expertise to extract the relevant information from
the user and encode it. To help the user leverage the experience of past planners, KAGES also maintains a database of
previously encoded domain knowledge from which it can dynamically retrieve and adapt elements to fit the current situational
context. Of course, the system also allows advanced users to deactivate the intelligent assistance features and directly author
missions in the underlying representation for maximum flexibility. In order to handle the complex data produced by the user
interface, KAGES has at its core a knowledge representation engine designed for the codification of SASO domain knowledge.
It is capable of managing all of the rules, facts, constraints, entities, and other elements that are pertinent to a particular
mission, starting with METT-TP (Mission, Enemy, Troops, Terrain, Time, and Politics) and ranging all the way to social and
cultural factors. The engine includes a compiler that can automatically generate wargaming scenarios from its internal
knowledge structures, so that once a mission has been specified in KAGES, it can immediately be run as a simulation.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Knowledge Based Systems; Programmers; Simulation; Stability; War Games; Warfare

Appraisal Requirements for CMMI, Version 1.2 (ARC, V1.2)
Report No.(s): AD-A454612; CMU/SEI-2006-TR-011; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
The Appraisal Requirements for CMMI (ARC) V1.2 defines the requirements considered essential to appraisal methods
intended for use with Capability Maturity Model (tradmark) Integration (CMMI) (tradmark) models. In addition, a set of
appraisal classes is defined, based on typical applications of appraisal methods. These classes are intended primarily for
developers of appraisal methods to use with CMMI capability models in the context of the CMMI Product Suite. Appraisal
methods, as used in this document, may be applied for different purposes, including assessments for internal process
improvement and capability evaluations for supplier selection and process monitoring. This document defines the
requirements for such methods, but not necessarily the conditions or constraints under which they might be applied. The
approach employed to provide guidance to appraisal method developers is to define a class of typical applications of appraisal
methods (which are based on years of experience in the process improvement community) called appraisal method classes.
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Requirements are then allocated to each class as appropriate based on the attributes associated with that class. Thus, a
particular appraisal method may be declared to be an ARC Class A, B, or C appraisal method. This designation implies the
sets of ARC requirements that the method developer has addressed when designing the method.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Software Engineering; Systems Engineering

Incorporating Active and Multi-Database-State Services into an OSA-Compliant Interoperability Toolkit
Boucelma, O; Dalrymple, J; Doherty, M; Franchitti, J -C; Hull, R; King, R; Zhou, G; Jan 1995; 28 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253; NSF-IRI91-07055
This paper describes how Amalgame, a CORBA-compliant toolkit that supports software and database integration, is
extended to include two complementary services. These are (1) ‘Activeness’: In broad terms this is the ability to specify rule
bases and execution models for them, possibly using a local persistent store; and (2) Multi-state Management: This provides
the ability to easily manipulate and access multiple, simultaneous states of a database (or part of a database) and the deltas
between them. A database programming language called Heraclitus[OO] (abbreviated H2O) is currently being implemented
to support these services. Two example applications of these services are described: mediators for data integration, and
enhancements to Amalgame to support sophisticated reasoning when combining and re-using interoperating software
components.
DTIC
Data Bases; Elastic Properties; Interoperability; Software Development Tools

A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Distributed Configuration Management
Hoek, Andre van der; Heimbigner, Dennis; Wolf, Alexander L; Sep 1995; 16 pp.; In English
Distributed configuration management is intended to support the activities of projects that span multiple sites. NUCM is
a testbed that we are developing to help us explore the issues of distributed configuration management. NUCM separates
configuration management repositories (i.e., the stores for versions of artifacts) from configuration management policies (i.e.,
the procedures by which the versions are manipulated) by providing a generic model of a distributed repository and an
associated programmatic interface. This paper describes the model and the interface, presents an initial repository distribution
mechanism, and sketches how NUCM can be used to implement two, rather different, configuration management policies,
namely check-in/check-out and change sets.
DTIC
Computer Storage Devices; Configuration Management; Data Storage

A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Activities with Diverse Stakeholders
Gonzales, Regina M; Wolf, Alexander L; Sep 1995; 15 pp.; In English
This paper presents a method that can be used for the elicitation and specification of requirements and high-level design.
It supports stakeholder-based modeling, rapid feasibility feedback to marketing, and the interpersonal dynamics that are
necessary to develop a product. The method centers on the role of the facilitator, an independent agent whose purpose is to
build the Integrated System Model (ISM). The ISM is the product of merging the independent system views from all
stakeholders at any given abstraction level. Formulation of this method was based on the real-world experience of developing
a complex, high-technology medical product with critical time-to-market pressures. It has proven to be a practical approach
to the evolution of requirements definition and provides a necessary link to the marketing aspect of a product.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Marketing; Upstream
310
Designers and Their Tools: Computer Support for Domain Construction
Sumner, Tamara R; Jan 1995; 217 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
In today’s high-technology workforce, many designers work in dynamic and innovative domains such as user interface
and software design. This thesis considers the problem of providing these designers with computational design support tools.
It differs from other efforts in that the emphasis is on understanding and supporting the evolutionary patterns of change
inherent in dynamic domains. The motivating problem investigated is flexibility, specifically: How can systems provide
domain-specific support for short-term design activities yet still be flexible enough to accommodate long-term evolutionary
patterns of change in the domain? Three empirical studies show how design communities gradually construct their domain by
defining important domain objects, creating and evolving representations for viewing these objects, and establishing
relationships between objects and representations. The observed design process is termed domain construction. Analyses of
these studies are used to characterize the observed domain construction processes of use, elaboration, and modification. Design
environments based on two computational models are analyzed in terms of these domain construction processes. The two
computational models occupy seemingly different ends of the spectrum from support to flexibility. The Toolbelt model where
practitioners assemble and evolve collections of generic software applications, seemingly offers more flexibility. The
Domain-Oriented Design Environment model, where customized domain-oriented tools are created for a specific community,
seemingly provides better support but is less flexible. These intuitions are investigated to better understand which aspects of
a computational model (i.e., underlying data models, domain models, architectures, and integration services) help or hinder
an environment’s overall flexibility. The results are used to develop recommendations for the next generation of design support
environments.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Computers; Construction; Software Development Tools
20060049608 IMTEC Group Ltd., Atlanta, GA USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized
Measuring Systems for Increased Accuracy and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Repair
Holmes, Michael D; Jan 1995; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454628; NSRP-0439; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Conventional measurement and alignment methods for shipbuilding and repair are no longer compatible with today’s
technology. Measurements made with plumb bobs, taught wires, transits, optical- mechanical theodolites, levels and wooden
templates, while adequate in many applications, are labor intensive and leave some redundancy with regard to accuracy. With
the increased popularity and use of the personal computer during the 1980’s, several laser, electronic theodolite and
photogrammetry based measurement technologies emerged. These methods require highly skilled workers, and although they
increased the reliability of measurements, they are costly and again are labor intensive (Horsmon, 1991). This report describes
two computer based measurement systems. Each system requires only a single operator to generate three dimensional
coordinates rapidly and accurately. Each system measures in the spherical coordinate system of the instrument. The supporting
software programs allow for the transformation of the measured data to the blue print values or object coordinate system. Data
can be imported from CAD or lofting software for measuring or locating specific points of interest, or can be exported for
comparison of as-built coordinates with design values.
DTIC
Accuracy; Computer Programs; Computer Techniques; Conferences; Marine Technology; Measurement; Productivity; Ships

Comparison of Numerical and Experimental Near-Field Plasma Properties of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster
(Preprint)
Reed, Garrett D; Hargus, William A; VanGilder, Douglas B; Jul 2006; 25 pp.; In English
Near-field ion velocity distributions of a BusekBHT-200-X3 xenon Hall thruster obtained through numerical simulation
are compared with laser-induced fluorescence measurements taken for one nominal operating condition. The numerical code
Hybrid-PIC Hall, a 2D hybrid particle-in-cell model, is used to simulate an axisymmetric cross section of the plasma
acceleration zone. A set of nine HP Hall simulations are run using three different cathode positions and Bohm electron mobility
311
coefficients to study the effects of these parameters on ion acceleration. Six additional cases were run in an attempt to better
match the simulation results to the experimental data. For model validation, agreement between the numerical and
experimental results is examined. The results show that it is difficult to match both the global operational parameters (i.e,
thrust, discharge current, and beam current) and the ion velocity distributions. The shape of the axial velocity distributions can
be closely matched by using high Bohm electron mobility values. However, this correlation comes at the expense of peak ion
velocity and discharge current agreement. Radial velocity distributions are more closely matched by the simulations, but the
simulations uniformly predict lower than measured inward and higher than measured outward radial velocity components
(relative to the centerline) from the annular acceleration channel.
DTIC
Electron Mobility; Hall Thrusters; Models; Near Fields; Plasmas (Physics); Radial Velocity; Simulation

Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Domains
Anderson, William; Brown, Mary M; Flowe, Rob; Jun 2006; 25 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454691; CMU/SEI-2006-TN-029; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Recognizing the need to succeed in a new multilateral asymmetric threat environment the US Department of Defense has
initiated a radical transformation in operations to promote agility and enhance responsiveness. The transformation process as
well as the resulting new order of operations relies heavily on system-of-systems solutions to bridge existing gaps in
operations. To date a pervasive and possibly detrimental assumption has dominated the program management arena:
management tools and methods that work for single systems apply equally well to the acquisition of system-of-systems
solutions. This technical note questions the general assumption that single-system methods are effective in a system-of-
systems arena. Taking the position that the field as a whole lacks an adequate understanding of the unique challenges that
influence system-of-systems initiatives this report presents a case for the investigation and adaptation of structural and
dynamic modeling techniques to the engineering of systems of systems. The report also includes results from a survey of
subject matter experts providing evidence that resource expenditures in areas important to a system-of-systems environment
are becoming high priorities.
DTIC
Crossings; Domains; Systems Engineering

A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Configuration Management Policy Programming
Hoek, Andre van der; Carzaniga, Antonio; Heimbigner, Dennis; Wolf, Alexander L; Sep 1998; 32 pp.; In English; Original
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253; F30602-98-2-0163
See report.
DTIC
Configuration Management; Distributed Processing; Policies

Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4
Sauerborn, Geoffrey C; Sep 2006; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454876; ARL-TN-0261; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
This document describes a translator that converts a comma-separated value format file into a Z-data ASCII (American
standard code for information exchange) format. Called Csv_to_Zdata, the translator is software tailored to work within the
Casualty Reduction (CASRED) model tool set. CASRED is a U.S. Army item-level lethality and survivability performance
model that calculates the probability of personnel incapacitation, given a hit. This document describes Csv_to_Zdata, its
options, and input but does not address CASRED.
DTIC
Casualties; Computer Programs; Software Development Tools
312
Web-Based Graphics for Battlespace Terrain Ownership
Neiderer, Andrew M; Aug 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-P622783Y10
Report No.(s): AD-A454888; ARL-MR-648; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
An approach for the display of battlespace terrain ownership data on a semantic Web is presented. Scaleable vector
graphics (SVG), a two-dimensional Web graphic based on the extensible markup language (XML), is used. The SVG
document accesses and modifies XML data using interpreter language ECMAScript variables and functions, as well as
globally-defined objects of the document object model for the Batik SVG browser, from its \hscript\g element. ECMAScript
functions were written for dynamic updating on the client machine. Interactive visualization of the scene-graph using
extensible three-dimensional graphics, which is also XML-based, is being added for user inputs and external events.
DTIC
Computer Graphics; Terrain

Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Xpatch
Evans, Roger; Bennett, John G; Jones, Jack; Jan 1999; 20 pp.; In English
Mechanical Desktop, a solid modeling program from AutoDesk, offers engineers a powerful environment for designing
ground combat vehicles. To predict the radar signatures of concept vehicles created in Mechanical Desktop, the geometry and
material properties of the vehicles must be fed into Xpatch. Mechanical Desktop, however, lacks an output file format that is
directly useable by Xpatch. In this paper, we discuss the problems associated with converting Mechanical Desktop files into
a suitable facet format, and we present a procedure for carrying out the conversion. Moreover, we describe new software
required to perform a key step in this conversion. The conversion of an example of Mechanical Desktop solid models
illustrates the procedure and the new software.
DTIC
Combat; Computer Programs; Flat Surfaces

Eros-based Confined Capability Client
Shapiro, Jonathan S; Jun 2006; 28 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-01-C-1972; Proj-ARPS
Objective of EROS-Based Confined Capability Client Project is to demonstrate that systems constructed using
capability-based protection can be organized in a way that makes it defensible from hostile internet content. This was
accomplished by constructing of a single exemplar application, a web browser using capability-based structuring techniques,
and determining whether this application can defend itself against hostile content. The specific test employed demonstrated
that the browser always renders the URL being displayed accurately, and that this rendering cannot be altered by any means
available to the page author. Means of attack available to the page author include exploiting flaws in the browser
implementation, such as buffer overrun vulnerabilities. The work performed produced four specific results: a secure network
protocol stack, a trusted window system, a browser prototype, and an assessment of the cost and complexity of porting existing
applications to capability-based foundations as currently implemented. One important conclusion is that it is possible to build
high-performance, defensible systems using capability-based protection and confinement to provide defense in depth that is
difficult for either hostile content or well-intentioned misconfiguration to compromise.
DTIC
Computer Information Security; Confinement; Internets

VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Tool for Real-Time Systems
Stankovic, John A; Zhu, Ruiqing; Poornalingam, Ram; Lu, Chenyang; Yu, Zhendong; Humphrey, Marty; Ellis, Brian; Jan
2003; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
313
Building distributed embedded systems from scratch is not cost-effective. Instead, designing and building these systems
by using domain specific components has promise. However, in using components, the most difficult issues are ensuring that
hidden dependencies won’t cause failures and that non-functional properties such as real-time performance are being met. We
have built the VEST toolkit whose aim is to provide a rich set of dependency checks based on the concept of aspects to support
distributed embedded system development via components. We describe the toolkit and its novelty. We also use VEST on two
case studies of a CORBA-based middleware for avionics. Data collected shows that VEST can significantly reduce the time
it takes to build a distributed real-time embedded system by over 50%. Key lessons learned from our experience with using
VEST on these case studies are also highlighted.
DTIC
Kits; Real Time Operation
20060050017 National Defense Univ., Washington, DC USA

Senturion: A Predictive Political Simulation Model
Abdollahian, Mark; Baranick, Michael; Efird, Brian; Kugler, Jacek; Jul 2006; 27 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Hardcopy
The expanding complexity of sub-national and cross-national threats to national security strains the analytical capabilities
of the Department of Defense (DoD) and the intelligence community, highlighting the need for methods and tools that can
make this emergent complexity manageable. With an ever-increasing spectrum of threats, more objective analytic capabilities
that draw on all-source intelligence and advances in computational methods are needed to help provide insight and aid in the
understanding of individual and group behavior. This paper summarizes work utilizing the Senturion predictive analysis
software at the National Defense University (NDU). The Center for Technology and National Security Policy (CTNSP) at
NDU has been testing the Senturion capability since 2002, and has begun to support the application of this new technology
in DoD. Senturion is a simulation capability that analyzes the political dynamics within local, domestic, and international
contexts and predicts how the policy positions of competing interests will evolve over time. The authors begin by describing
the methodology underlying the software, and then provide an overview of three case studies that used the software: a
predictive analysis of the stabilization and reconstruction phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF), the run-up to the Iraqi
elections in January 2005, and the leadership transition in Palestine following the death of Yasser Arafat. Each of these projects
tested the application of the software’s modeling technology to unfolding events. Each analysis was performed and briefed
to senior government decision makers well in advance of events; the forecasts from each project tracked well with reality, often
providing counterintuitive results. The approach provides policy makers and analysts with a tool for anticipating the outcome
of complex political events that can also provide a detailed explanation of why events may not unfold as expected with
traditional means of analysis.
DTIC
Expert Systems; Leadership; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Predictions; Simulation
20060050019 NATO Undersea Research Centre, La Spezia, Italy

Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Simulator for Tracker Performance Assessment
Grimmett, Doug; Coraluppi, Stefano; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454741; NURC-PR-2006-008; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Acoustics; Evaluation; Simulators; Sonar; System Effectiveness; Tracking (Position)

A Comparison of Change Detection Statistics in POLSAR Images
Kersten, P R; Lee, J S; Ainsworth, T L; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Change detection in polarimetric SAR (POLSAR) images is an important topic. Three statistics are compared on both
simulated and real data for their efficacy in change detection. The three statistics are the contrast ratio, the ellipticity and the
314
Bartlett test. The relative performance for these three test statistics on the two simulations is dramatically different. The results
are illustrated and explained.
DTIC
Change Detection; Radar Imagery; Synthetic Aperture Radar
Failure Assessment
Lutz, Robyn; Nikora, Allen; [2005]; 12 pp.; In English; 1st International Forum on Integrated System Health Engineering and
Management in Aerospace, 7 Nov. 2005, Napa, CA, USA; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39682; Avail.:
Other Sources
Three questions to which software developers want accurate, precise answers are ‘How can the software system fail?’,
‘mat bad things will happen if the software fails?t’, and ‘How many failures will the software experience?’. Numerous
techniques have been devised to answer these questions; three of the best known are: 1) Software Fault Tree Analysis (SFTA)
2) Software Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis (SFMECA 3) Software Fault/Failure Modeling. SFTA and
SFMECA have been successfully used to analyze the flight software for a number of robotic planetary exploration missions,
including Galileo, Cassini, and Deep Space 1. Given the increasing interest in reusing software components from mission to
mission, one of us has developed techniques for reusing the corresponding portions of the SFTA and SFMECA, reducing the
effort required to conduct these analyses. SFTA has also been shown to be effective in analyzing the security aspects of
software systems; intrusion mechanisms and effects can easily be modeled using these techniques. The Bi- Directional Safety
Analysis (BDSA) method combines a forward search (similar to SFMECA) from potential failure modes to their effects, with
a backward search (similar to SFTA) from feasible hazards to the contributing causes of each hazard. BDSA offers an efficient
way to identify latent failures. Recent work has extended BDSA to product-line applications such as flight-instrumentation
displays and developed tool support for the reuse of the failure-analysis artifacts within a product line. BDSA has also been
streamlined to support those projects having tight cost and/or schedule constraints for their failure analysis efforts. We discuss
lessons learned from practice, describe available tools, and identi\@ some future directions for the topic. A substantial amount
of research has been devoted to estimating the number of failures that a software system will experience during test and
operations, as well as the number of faults that have been inserted into that system during its development. One of us has found
that the amount of structural change to a system during its development is strongly related to the number of faults inserted
into it. Using techniques requiring no additional effort on the part of the development organization, the required measurements
of structural evolution can be easily obtained from a development effort’s configuration management system and readily
transformed into an estimate of fault content. So far, structure-fault relationships have been identified for source code; current
work seeks to examine artifacts available earlier in the lifecycle to determine if similar relationships between structure and
fault content can be found. In particular, relationships between requirements change requests and the number of faults inserted
into the implemented system would provide a significant improvement in our ability to control software quality during the
early development phases.
Author
Failure Analysis; Software Engineering; Computer Systems Performance; Applications Programs (Computers); Fault Trees;
Failure Modes; System Failures

Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) A, Version 1.2: Method Definition
Document
Report No.(s): AD-A454685; CMU/SEI-2006-HB-002; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A11, Hardcopy
The Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) is designed to provide benchmark
quality ratings relative to Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) models. It is applicable to a wide range of appraisal
usage modes including both internal process improvement and external capability determinations. SCAMPI satisfies all of the
Appraisal Requirements for CMMI (ARC) requirements for a Class A appraisal method. The SCAMPI Method Definition
Document describes the requirements activities and practices associated with each of the processes that compose the SCAMPI
method. It is intended to be one of the elements of the infrastructure within which SCAMPI Lead Appraisers conduct a
SCAMPI appraisal. Precise listings of required practices parameters and variation limits as well as optional practices and
315
guidance for enacting the method are covered An overview of the methods context concepts and architecture is also provided.
DTIC
Systems Engineering; Systems Analysis; Methodology

Performance Results of CMMI-Based Process Improvement
Gibson, Diane L; Goldenson, Dennis R; Kost, Keith; Aug 2006; 124 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8721-05-C-0003; F19628-00-C-0003
There is a widespread demand for factual information about the impact and benefits of process improvement based on
Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) models. Much has been learned since the Software Engineering Institute (SEI)
published a special report on this topic over two years ago. There now is evidence that process improvement using the CMMI
Product Suite can result in improvements in schedule and cost performance, product quality, return on investment and other
measures of performance outcome. This technical report summarizes much of the publicly available empirical evidence about
the performance results that can occur as a consequence of CMMI-based process improvement. In addition the report contains
a series of brief case descriptions that were created with collaboration from representatives from 10 organizations that have
achieved notable quantitative performance results through their CMMI-based improvement efforts. The report is meant for
members of engineering process groups, middle and first-line management and other potential process improvement
participants who wish to learn more about how CMMI can contribute to measurable improvements. It also may be useful for
executives and senior managers who are faced with decisions about the allocation of scarce resources for improvement efforts.
DTIC
Systems Engineering; Performance Tests

Model Problems in Technologies for Interoperability: Web Services
Lewis, Grace A; Wrage, Lutz; Jun 2006; 37 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Web service technologies (or Web services) are experiencing a growing popularity in U.S. Department of Defense,
industry, and non-defense government organizations due to their potential to enable interoperability between applications
implemented on different platforms. This potential stems from Web services being based on standards that have been widely
accepted and implemented, such as the Simple Object Access Protocol and the Web Services Description Language. The large
number of products and tools created to facilitate the development of Web services has also contributed to their popularity.
This technical note presents the results of applying the model problem approach in an initial investigation of the potential of
Web services to enable interoperability.
DTIC
Interoperability; World Wide Web; Models; Technologies
Contingency Software in Autonomous Systems: Technical Level Briefing
Lutz, Robyn R.; Patterson-Hines, Ann; [2006]; 26 pp.; In English; NASA OSMA Software Assurance Symposium,
Morgantown, West Virginia, July 18-20, 2006, 18-20 Jul. 2006, Morgantown, WV, USA; Original contains color illustrations;
Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39685; Avail.: Other Sources
Contingency management is essential to the robust operation of complex systems such as spacecraft and Unpiloted Aerial
Vehicles (UAVs). Automatic contingency handling allows a faster response to unsafe scenarios with reduced human
intervention on low-cost and extended missions. Results, applied to the Autonomous Rotorcraft Project and Mars Science Lab,
pave the way to more resilient autonomous systems.
Derived from text
Autonomy; Software Engineering; Contingency; Complex Systems
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62
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
Includes computer networks and distributed processing systems. For information systems see 82 Documentation and Information
Science. For computer systems applied to specific applications, see the associated category.

Multidisciplinary Environments: A History of Engineering Framework Development
Padula, Sharon L.; Gillian, Ronnie E.; [2006]; 11 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and
Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations
A03, Hardcopy
This paper traces the history of engineering frameworks and their use by Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO)
practitioners. The approach is to reference papers that have been presented at one of the ten previous Multidisciplinary
Analysis and Optimization (MA&O) conferences. By limiting the search to MA&O papers, the authors can (1) identify the
key ideas that led to general purpose MDO frameworks and (2) uncover roadblocks that delayed the development of these
ideas. The authors make no attempt to assign credit for revolutionary ideas or to assign blame for missed opportunities. Rather,
the goal is to trace the various threads of computer architecture and software framework research and to observe how these
threads contributed to the commercial framework products available today.
Author
Product Development; Multidisciplinary Design Optimization; Systems Engineering; Computer Programs; Architecture
(Computers); Engineering

Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Distributed Computing
Tachibana, Takuji; Xu, Sugang; Review of the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Vol. 52, No.
2; June 2006, pp. 97-102; In Japanese; See also 20060048338; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Currently, it is expected that distributed computing environment is developed in wide-area networks by using wavelength
division multiplexing (WDM) and lightpath switching. In this paper, in order to develop the distributed computing
environment over lightpath switching networks, we study two new lightpath establishment approaches. These two approaches
enable lightpaths to be effectively established in wide-area WDM networks and enable optical ring to be dynamically
developed for the data transmission in multiple points.
Author
Wavelength Division Multiplexing; Data Transmission; Wide Area Networks
20060048631 Laboratory for Analysis and Architecture of Systems, Toulouse, France

Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Networked Systems
Deswarte, Yves; Powell, David; Apr 20, 2004; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Computer Networks; Intrusion; Security
20060048633 Forschungsinstitut fuer Hochfrequenzphysik, Werthhoven, Germany

Components for Cooperative Intrusion Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environments
Jahnke, Marko; Bussman, Michael; Henkel, Sven; Toelle, Jens; Apr 20, 2004; 36 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Hardcopy
Detection; Warning Systems
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Source Authentication for Multicast in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Ramachandran, Prabha; Jan 2003; 107 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Recent emergence and popularity of mobile ad hoc networks in a host of current-day applications has instigated a suite
of research challenges, primarily in routing and security issues for such networks. The ease and low cost of deployment make
this networking paradigm very convenient for group-oriented applications like battlefield missions, business conference,
virtual classroom, etc. Such networks are characterized by wireless ‘links’, lack of any fixed network infrastructure, rapidly
changing topology and mobile hosts. Security for these dynamic ad hoc networks presents many challenges in the area of
multicasting for group-oriented tactical missions, operating in a hostile environment. Key-management and secure-routing
have been the primary research focus in this area. Source authentication for multicast is also a fundamental problem that needs
to be addressed. In this work, we study some of the proposed source authentication schemes for multicast group
communication and evaluate one such scheme for a tactical ad hoc set-up. We propose solutions that exploit the hierarchical
nature of tactical networks to achieve time synchronization pre-requisites that the proposed schemes have. We define metrics
to evaluate the authentication scheme and present simulation results for the authentication scheme evaluated with two different
time synchronization techniques. We find that our selected authentication scheme is well suited for a mobile ad hoc network.
We show that our solution for time synchronization performs much better than conventional methods suggested for the
authentication scheme. We also discuss applications of our overlay architecture for bootstrapping the authentication scheme
with reduced communication overhead.
DTIC
Computer Information Security; Wireless Communication

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Scenario
Alberts, Christopher; Dorofee, Audrey; Stevens, James; Woody, Carol; Jan 2005; 211 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453286; CMU/SEI-2003-HB-003; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453286;
The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE ) approach defines a risk-based
strategic assessment and planning technique for security. OCTAVE is a self-directed approach, meaning that people from an
organization assume responsibility for setting the organization’s security strategy. OCTAVE-S is a variation of the approach
tailored to the limited means and unique constraints typically found in small organizations (less than 100 people). OCTAVE-S
is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization’s personnel who gather and analyze
information, producing a protection strategy and mitigation plans based on the organization’s unique operational security risks.
To conduct OCTAVE-S effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes,
so it will be able to conduct all activities by itself.
DTIC
Octaves; Risk; Security

Sustaining Software-Intensive Systems
Lapham, Mary Ann; Woody, Carol; May 2006; 53 pp.; In English
As today’s systems become increasingly reliant on software, the issues surrounding sustainment become increasingly
complex. The risks of ignoring these issues can potentially undermine the stability, enhancement, and longevity of fielded
systems. Questions about sustaining new and legacy systems include 1. What does it mean to perform sustainment from a
software perspective? 2. What types of development and acquisition activities are required to sustain software-intensive
systems? 3. Although the Department of Defense (DoD) has a technical definition of sustainment, does the DoD typically
consider sustainment as maintenance? 4. How does the increased use of commercial-off-the-shelf software complicate
sustainment? This technical note discusses these questions and presents definitions, related issues, future considerations, and
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recommendations for sustaining software-intensive systems. Sustainment done well leads to well-supported software-intensive
systems and reduced total ownership costs and should help organizations meet current and new mission area and capabilities
requirements. The information contained in this technical note is based on information that the Software Engineering Institute
gathered during work with Air Force software-intensive systems. While the information is pertinent and can be applied to
systems in the commercial sector, keep in mind minimal effort was made to convert DoDspeak into commercial sector
language.
DTIC
Security; Software Development Tools; Software Engineering; Systems Management

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy and Plan Worksheets
The Operationally Critical Threat, Asset, and Vulnerability EvaluationSM (OCTAVE) approach defines a risk-based
DTIC

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Asset Worksheets for People
DTIC

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Asset Worksheets for Applications
319
is led by a small, interdisciplinary team (three to five people) of an organization . personnel who gather and analyze
DTIC

OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Worksheets for Systems
DTIC

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Asset Worksheets for Information
DTIC

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organizational Worksheets
320
DTIC

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Preparation Guidance
DTIC

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Guidelines
DTIC

OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduction to OCTAVE-S
321
To conduct OCTAVES effectively, the team must have broad knowledge of the organization’s business and security processes,
DTIC

Denial of Service in Sensor Networks
Wood, Anthony D; Stankovic, John A; Jan 2002; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-01-C-1905; N00014-01-1-0576
Sensor networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale, real-time data processing in complex environments. Their
foreseeable applications will help protect and monitor military, environmental, safety-critical, or domestic infrastructures and
resources. In these and other vital or security-sensitive deployments, keeping the network available for its intended use is
essential. The stakes are high: Denial-of-service (DoS) attacks against such networks may permit real-world damage to the
health and safety of people. Without proper security mechanisms, networks will be confined to limited, controlled
environments, negating much of the promise they hold. The limited ability of individual sensor nodes to thwart failure or
attack makes ensuring network availability more difficult. To identify DoS vulnerabilities, we analyze two effective sensor
network protocols that did not initially consider security. These examples demonstrate that consideration of security at design
time is the best way to ensure successful network deployment.
DTIC
Detectors; Networks

Defining Incident Management Processes for CSIRTs: A Work in Progress
Alberts, Chris; Dorofee, Audrey; Killcrece, Georgia; Ruefle, Robin; Zajicek, Mark; Oct 2004; 248 pp.; In English
This report presents a prototype best practice model for performing incident management processes and functions. It
defines the model through five high-level incident management processes: Prepare/Sustain/Improve, Protect Infrastructure,
Detect Events, Triage Events, and Respond. Workflow diagrams and descriptions are provided for each of these processes. One
advantage of the model is that it enables examination of incident management processes that cross organizational boundaries,
both internally and externally. This can help computer security incident response teams (CSIRTs) improve their ability to
collaborate with other business units and other organizations when responding to incidents. Future reports will extend this
work and provide additional guidance to enable both newly forming and existing incident management capabilities to use the
model to determine where gaps exist in their current processes and to develop plans for creating, improving, or restructuring
their incident management capabilities and processes. Although the processes defined in this document were originally
developed for internal CSIRTs, the models and information presented here are applicable to other types of CSIRTs and other
types of incident management and security management capabilities.
DTIC
Computer Information Security; Security
20060048735 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA USA
SSC San Diego Brief 2002
Jan 2002; 48 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, known as SSC San Diego, is uniquely qualified to provide the
expertise and tools to achieve information dominance. We are at the cutting edge of the processes of transforming data into
information, information into knowledge, and knowledge into understanding. We have defined and articulated an integrated,
futuristic vision: To be the nation’s pre-eminent provider of integrated C4ISR solutions for warrior information dominance.
We intend to continue and expand SSC San Diego’s leadership in defining, developing, integrating, installing, and sustaining
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C4ISR (command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance) systems. This Brief
summarizes our broad range of programs, capabilities, and accomplishments--a summary of our work toward achieving our
vision.
DTIC
Command and Control; Data Processing; Information Systems

Experiences with a Survey Tool for Discovering Network Time Protocol Servers
Guyton, James D; Schwartz, Michael F; Jan 1994; 13 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DABT63-93-C-0052; NCR91-05372
Report No.(s): AD-A453548; CU-CS-704-94; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453548; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is widely used to synchronize computer clocks throughout the Internet. Existing NTP
clients and servers form a very large distributed system, and yet the tools available to observe and manage this system are
fairly primitive. This paper describes our experiences with a prototype tool that attempts to discover relevant information about
every NTP site on the Internet. The data produced by this tool can be used for a variety of purposes, including locating nearby
accurate time servers and computing aggregate and long-term evaluations of the size and health of the NTP system.
Importantly, our tool provides a means by which new NTP server administrators can make informed choices among the
possible servers with which to synchronize, balancing the need for accurate time with the need to distribute server load. This
is an important step towards improving global NTP system scalability, since at present our measurements indicate that the
high-stratum servers are heavily overloaded.
DTIC
Exploration; Protocol (Computers); Surveys; Topology

Application of the Strategic Alignment Model and Information Technology Governance Concepts to Support Network
Centric Warfare
Valentine, Jennifer R; Mar 2006; 116 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453565; AFIT/GIR/ENG/06-01; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453565;
This thesis analyzes the fields of E-Business and Network Centric Warfare (NCW) in order to identify gaps and overlaps
within the two bodies of knowledge. Successful implementation of E-business is more than simply applying a technology to
an existing business model. It is about evolving business processes and structures in order for the organization to accommodate
for this new dynamic environment. This thesis proposes that while the two areas? success fundamentally resides in the
implementation and exploitation of technology, it is only through sound IT Governance policies and strategic alignment
practices that success can be measured. Technology has the ability to bring increased capabilities to the warfigther. This work
suggests the Air Force must analyze the implications of technology to its current structure, policies and processes prior to
implementation on the enterprise. This thesis presents how the Strategic Alignment Model, as developed by Henderson and
Venkatraman, can be applied to Air Force operations in order to better align its IT and mission objectives. Finally, this thesis
proposes a model of the components necessary to execute an E-Business model wihtin an organization and suggests the same
components are necessary to execute NCW initiatives.
DTIC
Alignment; Information Systems; Warfare
20060048931 EURECOM, Sophia-Antipolis, France

Attack Processes Found on the Internet
Dacier, Marc; Pouget, Fabien; Debar, Herve; Apr 20, 2004; 57 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Computer Viruses; Internets; Threat Evaluation
323
Agent-Based Engineering Drawing Analysis
Henderson, Thomas C; Swaminathan, Lavanya; Feb 4, 2002; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-1-0013; NSF-EIA89-20219
Report No.(s): AD-A453890; UUCS-02-0008; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Interpretation of paper drawings has received a good deal of attention over the last decade. Related areas such as direct
interpretation of human drawings (HCI), search and indexing of graphics databases, and knowledge representation in the
domain of graphics and drawings understanding have also seen advances. One of the most interesting applications in this
domain is the analysis of semantics in engineering drawings.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Engineering Drawings

Development of a Malicious Insider Composite Vulnerability Assessment Methodology
King, William H; Jun 2006; 105 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453929; AFIT/GIA/ENG/06-06; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Trusted employees pose a major threat to information systems. Despite advances in prevention, detection, and response
techniques, the number of malicious insider incidents and their associated costs have yet to decline. There are very few
vulnerability and impact models capable of providing information owners with the ability to comprehensively assess the
effectiveness an organization’s malicious insider mitigation strategies. This research uses a multi-dimensional approach:
content analysis, attack tree framework, and an intent driven taxonomy model are used to develop a malicious insider Decision
Support System (DSS) tool. The DSS tool’s utility and applicability is demonstrated using a notional example. This research
gives information owners data to more appropriately allocate scarce security resources.
DTIC
Computer Networks; Threat Evaluation; Vulnerability
20060049138 Electronics and Telecommunications Research Inst., Daejon, Korea, Republic of

A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Services Toward Ubiquitous Environments
Lee, Eunkyu; Joo, Inhak; Kim, Mijeong; Kim, Minsoo; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Abstract This paper takes care of an evolution of web architecture for Telematics services on ubiquitous environments.
Telematics has become one of upcoming convergence fields where many kinds of services are now be operated or planned
to be launched. However, most of Telematics services are currently operated in a closed architecture: they require hardware
and software configurations exclusively. In order to achieve ubiquitous capabilities in Telematics model, this paper proposes
a web service platform for Telematics based on web service architecture. With the proposed Telematics service broker, service
providers can register their services, and service consumers can find what services are available and how to use them. Adopting
open architecture, the platform will contribute to efficient provision of Telematics services in upcoming ubiquitous
environments.
DTIC
Wide Area Networks; Computer Programs; Convergence

Development of a Methodology for Customizing Insider Threat Auditing on a Microsoft Windows XP Operating
System
Levoy, Terry E; May 2006; 143 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453930; AFIT/GIA/ENG/06-07; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453930;
Most organizations are aware that threats from trusted insiders pose a great risk to their organization and are very difficult
to protect against. Auditing is recognized as an effective technique to detect malicious insider activities. However, current
auditing methods are typically applied with a one-size-fits-all approach and may not be an appropriate mitigation strategy,
especially towards insider threats. This research develops a 4-step methodology for designing a customized auditing template
for a Microsoft Windows XP operating system. Two tailoring methods are presented which evaluate both by category and by
324
configuration. Also developed are various metrics and weighting factors as a mechanism to evaluate auditing effectiveness for
the purpose of optimizing the template according to organizational security requirements. Various industry standard auditing
templates are evaluated against a custom designed template. Results indicate that a customized auditing template tailored for
an insider threat scenario is more effective at detecting insider malicious activities.
DTIC
Functional Design Specifications; Threat Evaluation

Information Technology Governance and the Air Force
Trechter, Joseph M; Jun 2006; 32 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Increased reliance on technology while budgets are tightening makes our investments in information technology (IT) all
the more critical. How do we know whether our expenditures on IT are providing commensurate value to our mission to ‘fly
and fight [and win] in Air, Space and Cyberspace"? This paper employs an assessment technique used in industry and
applies the technique to the various echelons of command within the Air Force, namely the Headquarters, Major Command,
and Operating Base levels to determine what IT governance structures exist within the Air Force. This case study on IT
governance in the Air Force was conducted based on personal interviews with knowledgeable personnel at each echelon of
command.
DTIC
Information Systems; Technology Assessment

Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits
Christiansen, Bradley D; Mar 2006; 158 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454021; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-15; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454021;
Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) based on Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) are vulnerable to tampering
attacks such as readback and cloning attacks. Such attacks enable the reverse engineering of the design programmed into an
FPGA. To counter such attacks, measures that protect the design with low performance penalties should be employed. This
research proposes a method which employs the addition of active decoy circuits to protect SRAM FPGAs from reverse
engineering. The effects of the protection method on security, execution time, power consumption, and FPGA resource usage
are quantified. The method significantly increases the security of the design with only minor increases in execution time,
power consumption, and resource usage. For the circuits used to characterize the method, security increased to more than one
million times the original values, while execution time increased to at most 1.2 times, dynamic power consumption increased
to at most two times, and look-up table usage increased to at most seven times the original values. These are reasonable
penalties given the size and security of the modified circuits. The proposed design protection method also extends to FPGAs
based on other technologies and to Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). In addition to the design methodology
proposed, a new classification of tampering attacks and countermeasures is presented.
DTIC
Circuits; Computer Information Security; Crime; Decoys; Electronic Countermeasures; Field-Programmable Gate Arrays;
Security
20060049374 Wilkins Enterprise, Inc., Riva, MD USA

Results From Use of an Integrated Schedule for Drawing Development and Equipment Procurement (The National
Wilkins, Jr, James R; Sep 1989; 23 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
As part of an SP-4 project, a computer program was developed to produce integrated schedules for drawing development
of drawings and equipment procurement. The program also can used either to develop a schedule for the fabrication and
assembly stages of the construction process or to receive data from an existing construction schedule. In either case, the
construction data is used to ensure that drawings are produced and equipment is purchased in time to support production
325
planning. The program uses a commonly available database program, is suitable for use on a minicomputer and will allow a
network of terminals to be used to enter data and obtain reports. This paper reports on the results of applying scheduling
program to a simulate shipbuilding program and highlights a number of significant results. The principal result was to clearly
demonstrate that planning for the purchase of equipment must take into account the needs of the ship design process for data
about the equipment being procured.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Management Planning; Marine Technology; Procurement; Schedules; Scheduling; Ships
20060049441 Academy of Sciences (Russia), Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation

Development of Mathematical Models of Immune Networks Intended for Information Security Assurance
Tarakanov, Alexander O; Feb 2006; 34 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454473; ISTC-2200P; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454473; Avail.:
The natural immune system is considered by many specialists as a ‘second brain of vertebrates’. In fact, the immune
system possesses all the main features of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems: (1) memory, (2) learning capability, (3) capability
to recognize self and non-self, and (4) decision-making capability, that is, the immune system must decide how to treat all
macromolecules it encounters even if such molecules are foreign and have never existed before. Of special interest to
computer science is the theory of immune networks which describes interactions between immune system specific proteins
(antibodies) and foreign macromolecules (antigens). The existence of such immune networks has been established
experimentally by molecular immunology which has detected and described the antibody-antigen interaction. Based on the
biological principles of the immune system, the field of Artificial Immune Systems (AISs) has been established. It hopes to
offer powerful and robust information processing capabilities for solving complex problems. For example, AISs may provide
improved techniques to detect and mitigate modern computer network vulnerabilities to intrusions from computer viruses,
unauthorized access or other forms of data corruption. Like other modern computer science techniques such as Artificial
Neural Networks (ANNs) or Intelligent Agents, AISs can learn new information, recall previously learned information, and
perform pattern recognition in a highly decentralized fashion. However, AISs based on natural immune networks differ
remarkably from ANNs, intelligent agents, genetic algorithms, and cellular automata in their ability to recognize self and
non-self and their highly specific activity. AISs have already been applied to several specific problems including information
security, fault detection, robotic control, and others.
DTIC
Artificial Intelligence; Computer Networks; Immunity; Mathematical Models; Models; Security

Active Relations for Specifying and Implementing Software Object Management
Heimbigner, Dennis; Osterweil, Leon J; Sutton, Jr, Stanley; Jul 5, 1988; 28 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): CCR-8705162
Object management in software environments can be enhanced by providing programmable object management systems.
Key requirements for object managers include typing, persistence, constraints, event monitoring sharing, activity, derived data,
support for foreign tools, query, and programmable implementations. We define a model - Aspen - which uses the notion of
programmable relations as a unifying mechanism for meeting many of these requirements. We describe a language - APPL/A
- which is a particular realization of Aspen. APPL/A provides a vehicle for experimentation with programmable object
management systems. APPL/A bas been used to support the development of a requirements specification system. Our
experiences from the use of APPL/A are being applied to adapt the language refine the model and in general enhance our
understanding of the basic requirements for software object management.
DTIC
Computer Programs; Object-Oriented Programming

Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal Nets
Krishnamurthy, Sridhar; JaJa, J; Jan 1988; 27 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA904-85-H-0015; DCR-86-00378
326
We consider the channel ronting problem of a set of multi-terminal nets in the knock-knee model. We develop a new
approach to route all the nets within d+ alpha tracks, where d is the channel density, and 0 \h alpha \h d, such that the
corresponding layout can be realized with three layers. Both the routing and the layer assignment algorithms have linear time
sequential implementations. In addition both can be implemented on the CREW-PRAM model in 0(n/p + logn) time, with p
processors, 1 \h p \h n, and n is the size of the input.
DTIC
Algorithms; Nets; Network Analysis

Analysis and Adaptive Control of a Discrete-Time Single-Server Network with Random Routing
Makowski, Armand M; Shwartz, Adam; Jan 1989; 39 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSF-ECS83-51836
This paper considers a discret time system composed of k infinite capacity queues that compete for the use of a single
server. Customers arrive in i.i.d batches and are served according to a server allocation policy. Upon completing service,
customers either leave the system or are routed instantaneously to another queue according to some random mechnism. As an
alternative to simply randomized strategies, a policy based on a Stochastic Approximation aigonthm is proposed to drive a
long-run average cost to a given value. The motivation can be traced to implementation issues associated with constrained
optimal strategies. A version of the ODE method as given by Metivier and Priouret is developed for proving a.s. convergence
of this algorithm. This is done by exploiting the recurrence structure of the system under non-idling policies. A probabilistic
representation the solutions to an associated Poisson equation is found most useful for proving their requisite Lipschitz
continuity. The conditions which guarantee convergence are given directly in terms of the model data. The approach is of
independent interest, as it is not limited to this particular queueing application and suggests a way of attacking other similar
problems. Keywords: Stochastic Approximations, stochastic adaptive control, queueing network.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Queueing Theory
20060049718 Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI USA

Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI on PKI
Wang, Hao; Jha, Somesh; Reps, Thomas; Schwoon, Stefan; Jan 2006; 18 pp.; In English
Trust-management systems address the authorization problem in distributed systems. They offer several advantages over
other approaches, such as support for delegation and making authorization decisions in a decentralized manner. Nonetheless,
trust-management systems such as KeyNote and SPKI/SDSI have seen limited deployment in the real world. One reason for
this is that both systems require a public-key infrastructure (PKI) for authentication, and PKI has proven difficult to deploy,
because each user is required to manage his/her own private/public key pair. The key insight of our work is that issuance of
certificates in trust-management systems, a task that usually requires public-key cryptography, can be achieved using
secret-key cryptography as well. We demonstrate this concept by showing how SPKI/SDSI can be modified to use Kerberos,
a secret-key based authentication system, to issue SPKI/SDSI certificates. The resulting trust-management system retains all
the capabilities of SPKI/SDSI, but is much easier to use because a public key is only required for each SPKI/SDSI server, but
no longer for every user. Moreover, because Kerberos is already well established, our approach makes SPKI/SDSI-based
trust-management systems easier to deploy in the real world.
DTIC
Access Control; Numerical Control

Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the Development Process
Humphrey, Watts; Aug 2006; 68 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Some systems have some but not all properties of a system of systems (SoS). We refer to these as SoS-like systems. This
report reviews the fundamental process and project-management problems of large-scale SoS-like programs and outlines steps
327
to address these problems. The report has eight sections Section 1 summarizes current thinking on the nature of future complex
systems and Section 2 discusses the systems-design problems of the future particularly the partitioning of massive systems into
system-of-systems structures. Section 3 points out how large-scale systems development efforts have typically failed because
of project-management and not technical problems and that the solutions to these problems are known and highly effective
but not widely practiced. It explains why if the project-management problems of the past are not promptly and effectively
addressed large-scale systems development programs will likely be unmanageable. Section 4 discusses the requirements for
a scalable process and Section 5 both reviews and explains the quality-management principles upon which any scalable
process must rest. Section 6 reviews the nature of the project-management problems currently faced by large-scale
software-intensive system development efforts and explains why attempts to scale up current methods to very large-scale
systems work will almost certainly fail. Section 7 describes process strategies for supporting development of a network-like
system of systems and it outlines the process and project-management topics needing further research and development.
Finally Section 8 reviews the process considerations for supporting the very large-scale integrated development programs of
the future. The report concludes that unless steps like those outlined in this report are taken in conjunction with continuing
technical research and development the large-scale systems development efforts of the future will almost certainly fail and
often catastrophically.
DTIC
Systems Engineering; Complex Systems

How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Networks
Robson, Christopher L; Aug 18, 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454366; NRL/MR/5590-06-8979; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454366;
Although ATM is widely deployed by the DoD and the Intelligence Community (IC), there are many IP-based networks
being deployed and many ATM networks are being converted to IP converged topologies. These networks will be based on
a Multi-Protocol Label Switched infrastructure. Further, the protection of these converged networks is still a formidable task
without a clearly defined solution. By using appropriate configuration and taking full advantage of new IP technologies and
successful network encryption FASTLANE devices, interconnecting individual agency networks into a common backbone
infrastructure can take place successfully. Further, through the use of existing and new IETF standards, these networks can
provide Quality of Service (QoS) to traffic flows between protected enclaves. This report details a hybrid architecture
consisting of IPv4 and IPv6 network devices interconnected over a common IP backbone supporting protected information and
IP QoS in a new IPv4/IPv6 Interim Transistional Hybrid Network (IPITHN) architecture.
DTIC
Wide Area Networks; Internets; Protocol (Computers)

Client/Server Model for Distributed Computing: An Implementation
Sela, Amir; Jan 1989; 18 pp.; In English
At the Intelligent Servosysterns Laboratory work has been proceeding for some time on the development of a distribnted
processing environment to allow for the implementation of complex dynamics simulations.t Initially, these simulations were
written on a Silicon Graphics IRIS 3130 workstation with integrated numerical and graphics display code. While this approach
is satisfactory for computationally non-intensive applications, it became evident that more computing power would become
necessary in order to achieve simulation in real time. The logical step was to use more powerful computers for the number
crunching, and to retain the IRIS workstation, which is optimized for various graphics tasks, such as rotating, filling, clipping,
etc. for display purposes. This necessitated the development of code to allow for interprocess communication among various
machines. Our computing environment consists of Sun and IRIS workstations, connected via an Ethernet.
DTIC
Client Server Systems; Models; Distributed Processing
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IRIS: Integrate, Relate. Infer. Share
Cheyer, Adam; Park, Jack; Giuli, Richard; Jan 2005; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHD030010
In this paper we introduce a new semantic desktop system called IRIS, an application framework for enabling users to
create a personal map across their office-related information objects. Built as part of the CALO Cognitive Assistant project,
IRIS represents a step in our quest to construct the kinds of tools that will significantly augment the user’s ability to perform
knowledge work. This paper explains our design decisions, progress, and shortcomings. The IRIS project has grown from the
past work of others and offers opportunities to augment and otherwise collaborate with other current and future semantic
desktop projects. This paper marks our entry into the ongoing conversation about semantic desktops, intelligent knowledge
management, and systems for augmenting the performance of human teams.
DTIC
Semantics; Information Management
63
CYBERNETICS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS
Includes feedback and control theory, information theory, machine learning, and expert systems. For related information see also 54
Man/System Technology and Life Support.
20060048184 Gray Research, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA

Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion to Robotic and Human Missions in Near-Earth Space
Woodcock, Gordon; [2006]; 3 pp.; In English; AIAA Joint Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA;
Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
Solar-electric propulsion (SEP) is becoming of interest for application to a wide range of missions. The benefits of SEP
are strongly influenced by system element performance, especially that for the power system. Solar array performance is
increasing rapidly and promises to continue to do so for another 10 to 20 years (Fig. 1). At the same time, cost per watt is
decreasing. Radiation hardness is increasing. New concepts for how to design a SEP are emerging. These improvements lead
to changes in the best ways to apply SEP technology to missions, and broadening of the practical uses of SEP technology
compared to competing technologies. This paper addresses the evolving characteristics of SEP technology from the point of
view of mission design, and how mission profile characteristics can be designed to best take advantage of evolving SEP
characteristics. Mission concepts include robotic lunar landers and orbiters; scientific planetary spacecraft; delivery of
spacecraft to geosynchronous orbit from inclined and low-inclination launch orbits; and lunar cargo delivery from Earth orbit
to lunar orbit. Expendable and re-usable SEP profiles are considered. Flight control considerations are abstracted from recent
papers by the author to describe how these influence SEP design and operations.
Derived from text
Robotics; Solar Electric Propulsion; Manned Space Flight; Low Earth Orbits; Mission Planning
20060048756 Oxytechnik Systems Engineering, Taunus, Germany

Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Feasibility Study (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Tomzig, Michael; Sep 1985; 9 pp.; In English
A02, Hardcopy
In 1974 OXYTECHNIK designed a web fabrication system comprising equipment for mechanized handling and welding
stiffeners to plates and a conveying system. This first concept was the basis for a feasibility study to investigate the possibilities
of highly mechanized respectively automatic fabrication of webs for building ships. This paper will discuss this feasibility
study: the history, requirements, result, description, special features, and conclusion.
DTIC
Computer Aided Manufacturing; Fabrication; Feasibility; Marine Technology; Robots; Ships
329
20060048760 Xerox Corp., Palo Alto, CA USA
Story Link Detection and New Event Detection are Asymmetric
Chen, Francine; Farahat, Ayman; Brants, Thorsten; Jan 2003; 4 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Story link detection has been regarded as a core technology for other Topic Detection and Tracking tasks such as new
event detection. In this paper we analyze story link detection and new event detection in a retrieval framework and examine
the effect of a number of techniques, including part of speech tagging, new similarity measures, and an expanded stop list,
on the performance of the two detection tasks. We present experimental results that show that the utility of the techniques on
the two tasks differs, as is consistent with our analysis.
DTIC
Asymmetry; Linguistics; Natural Language Processing

Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based Navigation
Porter, III, Maynard J; Mar 2006; 185 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The ability of moths to locate a member of the opposite sex, by tracking a wind-borne plume of odor molecules, is an
amazing reality. Numerous scenarios exist where having this capability embedded into ground-based or aerial vehicles would
be invaluable. The main crux of this thesis investigation is the development of a navigation algorithm which gives a UAV the
ability to track a chemical plume to its source. Inspiration from the male moth’s, in particular Manduca sexta, ability to
successfully track a female’s pheromone plume was used in the design of both 2-D and 3-D navigation algorithms. The
algorithms were developed to guide autonomous vehicles to the source of a chemical plume. The algorithms were
implemented using a variety of fuzzy controllers and ad hoc engineering approaches. The fuzzy controller was developed to
estimate the location of a vehicle relative to the plume: coming into the plume, in the plume, exiting the plume, or out of the
plume. The 2-D algorithm had a 60% to 90% success rate in reaching the source while certain versions of 3-D algorithm had
success rates from 50% to 100%.
DTIC
Biomimetics; Navigation; Odors
20060049197 New York Univ., NY USA

Confidence Bands for ROC Curves
Macskassy, Sofus A; Provost, Foster J; Littman, Michael L; Jan 2003; 10 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
We address the problem of comparing the performance of classifiers. In this paper we study techniques for generating and
evaluating confidence bands on ROC curves. Historically this has been done using one-dimensional confidence intervals by
freezing one variable-the false-positive rate, or threshold on the classification scoring function. We adapt two prior methods
and introduce a new radial sweep method to generate confidence bands. We show, through empirical studies, that the bands
are too tight and introduce a general optimization methodology for creating bands that better fit the data, as well as methods
for evaluating confidence bands. We show empirically that the optimized confidence bands fit much better and that, using our
new evaluation method, it is possible to gauge the relative fit of different confidence bands.
DTIC
Algorithms; Artificial Intelligence; Classifications; Classifiers; Confidence Limits; Receivers; Statistical Distributions
20060049274 Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR USA

KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learning Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data-Poor Domains
Dietterich, Thomas G; Restificar, Angelo; Tadepalli, Prasad; D’Ambrosio, Bruce; Herlocker, Jon; Fern, Alan; Altendorf, Eric;
Natarajan, Sriraam; Shen, Jianqiang; Bao, Xinlong; Aug 31, 2006; 49 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-04-1-0005
Hardcopy
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Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KRR) has developed a wide range of methods for representing knowledge and
reasoning from it to produce expert-level performance. Despite these accomplishments, there is one major problem preventing
the wide-spread application of KRR technology: the inability to support learning. This makes KRR systems brittle and difficult
to maintain. On the other hand, Machine Learning (ML) has developed a wide range of methods for learning from examples.
However, there are two major problems preventing the wide-spread application of machine learning technology: the need for
large amounts of training data and the high cost of manually designing the hypothesis space of the learning system. Our goal
in this research effort was to develop a new methodology, called KI-LEARN (Knowledge Intensive LEARNing), that
combines domain knowledge and sparse training data to construct high-performance systems. This report provides an
overview of the major results we obtained on specific tasks as outlined in our proposal. More specifically, to address issues
in knowledge representation and efficient learning we designed a language called First-Order Conditional Influence (FOCI)
Language for expressing attributes relevant to learning. Our language extends probabilistic relational models (PRMs) which
are themselves probabilistic representations most similar to first-order representation languages employed in KRR systems. A
distinct feature of our language is its support for explicit expression of qualitative constraints such as monotonicity, saturation,
and synergies. More importantly, we have demonstrated via mathematical proofs and experimental results how these
qualitative constraints can be used and exploited when learning with sparse training data. We specifically show how qualitative
constraints can be incorporated into learning algorithms. In addition, this report describes the models we constructed for our
testbed domains.
DTIC
Domains; Information Management; Knowledge Representation; Learning

Robot Localization Using Visual Image Mapping
Crews, Carrie D; Mar 2006; 116 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454313; AFIT/GCS/ENG/06-03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454313;
One critical step in providing the Air Force the capability to explore unknown environments is for an autonomous agent
to be able to determine its location. The calculation of the robot’s pose is an optimization problem making use of the robot’s
internal navigation sensors and data fusion of range sensor readings to find the most likely pose. This data fusion process
requires the simultaneous generation of a map which the autonomous vehicle can then use to avoid obstacles, communicate
with other agents in the same environment, and locate targets. Our solution entails mounting a Class 1 laser to an ERS-7 AIBO.
The laser projects a horizontal line on obstacles in the AIBO camera’s field of view. Range readings are determined by
capturing and processing multiple image frames, resolving the laser line to the horizon, and extract distance information to
each obstacle. This range data is then used in conjunction with mapping a localization software to accurately navigate the
AIBO.
DTIC
Artificial Intelligence; Image Processing; Mapping; Position (Location); Robots

Military Speech Communications over Vocoders in Tandem
Ericson, Mark A; Simpson, Brian D; McKinley, Richard L; Apr 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Coders; Radio Transmission; Telecommunication; Vocoders; Voice Communication

Objective Measurement of the Speech Transmission Quality of Vocoders by Means of the Speech Transmission Index
van Gils, Bastiaan J; van Wijngaarden, Sander J; Apr 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Coders; Narrowband; Vocoders
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Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to an Existing Training Simulation
Stottler, Richard H; Jensen, Randy; Pike, Bill; Bingham, Rick; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Hardcopy
Battle Command 2010 (BC2010) is a tactical decision game used by Command Prep Course students at the Command
General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth to play battalion level tactical scenarios in a dynamic, 3-D environment. The use
of this simulation, however, still required the effort of an instructor to observe the student’s actions and provide an after action
review (AAR). It was determined that the addition of an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) to BC2010 would off-load the
instructor from these duties and allow the students to execute scenarios without requiring an instructor for the AAR. This paper
presents the lessons learned from that experience.
DTIC
Computerized Simulation; Education; Expert Systems; Simulation; War Games

Object Recognition with Features Inspired by Visual Cortex
Serre, Thomas; Wolf, Lior; Poggio, Tomaso; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
We introduce a novel set of features for robust object recognition. Each element of this set is a complex feature obtained
by combining position- and scale-tolerant edge-detectors over neighboring positions and multiple orientations. Our system’s
architecture is motivated by a quantitative model of visual cortex. We show that our approach exhibits excellent recognition
performance and outperforms several state-of-the-art systems on a variety of image datasets including many different object
categories. We also demonstrate that our system is able to learn from very few examples. The performance of the approach
constitutes a suggestive plausibility proof for a class of feedforward models of object recognition in cortex.
DTIC
Cerebral Cortex; Computer Vision; Pattern Recognition; Visual Stimuli
20060049615 Cybo Robots, Inc., Indianapolis, IN USA

Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Reeve, Jr, Ronald C; Rongo, Robert; Jan 1995; 20 pp.; In English
Economics; Marine Technology; Robotics; Ships
20060049616 Army Tank-Automotive Research and Development Command, Warren, MI USA

Computer Exxtimated Probability of Detection: Can You Hide from a Computer?
Wong, Ivan; Meitzler, Thomas; Sohn, Euijung; Lane, Kimberly; Aug 14, 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454643; TARDEC-16285; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A02, Hardcopy
Several clutter metrics were evaluated and compared against the probability of detection of ground combat vehicle targets
in test scenes created in a natural field environment. This paper presents methods of testing subjects and methods of computing
the metrics. Finally, limited results of the initial testing and the comparison of this against the metrics are given, thereby
showing the effectiveness of these metrics on this set of targets and on all targets in general. One of the underlying goals of
discovering metrics is to reliably compute information about images (such as probability of detection (Pd) of an object) and
effectively assist the soldier in his assessment of his own Pd. If a computer could accurately predict Pd, it would be able to
expedite the process of concealing ground vehicles within enemy territory and supporting tactical planning. This also helps
cut down development time on new camouflage treatments and concealment methods. All of this is critical to the survivability
of the soldier and ground vehicles. The metrics in this paper, called Target Structure Similarity Metrics (TSSM), are derived
from the popular Structural Similarity Metric. These metrics take into account certain hypothesized characteristics of the
human vision system (HVS), such as sensitivity to edges and sensitivity to areas of high contrast. TSSM use these qualities
to measure image quality by comparing a non-distorted reference image against a distorted image. The metric is then a
measurement of how closely specific qualities of the distorted image resemble those of the reference image. The TSSM clutter
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metric is based on the signal processing features of human vision aided by computer comparison of the images.
DTIC
Clutter; Combat; Detection; Image Processing; Probability Theory; Target Acquisition; Visual Perception
20060049628 Czech Technical Univ., Prague, Czechoslovakia

Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Environment
Pechoucek, Michal; Rehak, Martin; Sislak, David; Benda, Petr; Foltyn, Lukas; Tozicka, Jan; Jisl, Pavel; Volf, Premysl; Nov
30, 2005; 135 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The suggested research effort aims at continuation of the research in the field of social knowledge, social behavior and
meta-reasoning in multi-agent systems. The main and fundamental theme of this research project is extending meta-reasoning
and social knowledge manipulation to the problem of intent modeling in the non-trivial domains of non-cooperative,
competitive, i.e. adversarial behavior. The main ambition is to extend meta-reasoning for the problem of intent modeling in
the non-cooperative, cooperative, i.e. primarily adversarial domain. This effort retains the focus on environments with partial
communication inaccessibility. This extension of the metareasoning to adversarial agent behavior is a natural step in
applicability of this technology to Information Operations. Dr. Pechoucek has a long and successful history with AFRL
working under grants to Czech Tech University with Dr. Vladimir Marik. Deliverable 1: (month 6) Interim report defining the
concept of non-collaboratively and hostility in multi-agent systems. with design of a scenario for investigating agents social
behaviour in non-collaborative and adversarial environment. Deliverable 2: (month 12) Interim report describing potential role
of agent’s acquaintance model, social knowledge and meta-reasoning in non-collaborative environment with partial
communication accessibility. Deliverable 3: (month 18) Comprehensive final report providing technical description of the
entire research effort including formal definition of measures and quantities of agents collective behaviour, adapted social
knowledge model, meta-reasoning model and coalition formation algorithms for non-collaborative and adversarial
environments and proof-of-concept experimental verification.
DTIC
Conditions; Hazards

Experiments in Expression Recognition
Skelley, James P; Aug 16, 2005; 42 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Despite the significant effort devoted to methods for expression recognition, suitable training and test databases designed
explicitly for expression research have been largely neglected. Additionally, possible techniques for expression recognition
within an Man-Machine-Interface (MMI) domain are numerous, but it remains unclear what methods are most effective for
expression recognition. In response, this thesis describes the means by which an appropriate expression database has been
generated and then enumerates the results of five different recognition methods as applied to that database. An analysis of the
results of these experiments is given, and conclusions for future research based upon these results is put forth.
DTIC
Data Bases; Image Processing; Pattern Recognition

Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in Reinforcement Learning
Shelton, Christian R; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English
For many problems which would be natural for reinforcement learning, the reward signal is not a single scalar value but
has multiple scalar components. Examples of such problems include agents with multiple goals and agents with multiple users.
Creating a single reward value by combining the multiple components can throw away vital information and can lead to
incorrect solutions. We describe the multiple reward source problem and discuss the problems with applying traditional
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reinforcement learning. We then present an new algorithm for finding a solution and results on simulated environments.
DTIC
Artificial Intelligence; Balancing; Machine Learning
20060049663 Baker (Wilfred) Engineering, Inc., San Antonio, TX USA

A New Biologically Motivated Framework for Robust Object Recognition
Serre, Thomas; Wolf, Lior; Poggio, Tomaso; Nov 2004; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454724; CBCL-MEMO-243; AL MEMO-2004-026; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In this paper,we introduce a novel set of features for robust object recognition, which exhibits outstanding performances
on a variety of object categories while being capable of learning from only a few training examples. Each element of this set
is a complex feature obtained by combining position- and scale-tolerant edge-detectors over neighboring positions and
multiple orientations. Our system motivated by a quantitative model of visual cortex outperforms state-of-the-art systems on
a variety of object image datasets from different groups. We also show that our system is able to learn from very few examples
with no prior category knowledge. The success of the approach is also a suggestive plausibility proof for a class of
feed-forward models of object recognition in cortex. Finally, we conjecture the existence of a universal overcomplete
dictionary of features that could handle the recognition of all object categories.
DTIC
Cerebral Cortex; Computer Vision; Pattern Recognition; Vector Analysis; Visual Stimuli

Distributed Detection from Multiple Sensors with Correlated Observations
Chau, Y A; Geraniotis, E; Jan 1989; 47 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-89-J-1375; CDR-8803012
We address two problems of memoryless distributed detection with dependent observations across time and sensors. In
the first problem, the observation sequence of each sensor consists of a common weak signal in additive dependent noise with
stationary univariate and second-order joint densities; here the objective of the sensors is to cooperatively detect the presence
of a weak signal. In the second problem, the observation sequence of each sensor is characterized by its stationary univariate
and second-order joint densities; here the objective of the sensors is to cooperatively disrciminate between two arbitrary such
sequences of observations. For both problems, the analysis and design are based on a common large sarnple size. The
dependence across time and sensors is modeled by rn-dependent, %-mixing, or p-mixing processes. The perfonnance of the
two-sensor configuration for each problem is measured by an average cost, Which couples the decisions of the sensors. The
design criteria for the test satistics of the sensors, which constist of sums of memoryless norlinearities, are established by using
two-dimensional Chemoff bounds on the associated error probabilities involved in the average cost. The optimal nonlinearities
are obtain as the solutions of linear coupled or uncoupled integral equations. Numerical results for specific cases of practical
interest show that the performance of the proposed scheme is superior to the one which ignores the dependence across time
and/or sensors for each of the two problems.
DTIC
Data Acquisition; Detection; Parallel Processing (Computers)

Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection of Weak Signals in Dependent Noise
Two problems of memoryless quantization and data fusion for the detection of a weak signal in stationary dependent noise
are addressed: (i) fusion from sensors with mutually independent observations across sensors but dependent across time and
(ii) fusion from sensors with correlated observations across time and sensors. For each problem, we consider four distinct
schemes (a) fusing the test statistics formed by the sensors without previous quantization, (b) quantizing suhoptimally each
observation and then fusing, (c) quantizing optimally each observation and then fusing, and (d) quantizing optimally each test
statistic of the sensors and then fusing The observation sequence of each sensor consists of a common weak signal disturbed
by an additive stationary m-dependent, phi-mixing or rho-mixing noise process. To guarantee high-quality performance, a
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common large sample size is employed by each sensor. Design criteria are developed from the Neyman-Pearson test in the
fusion center for the optimal memoryless sensor test statistics and the sensor quantizer pararneters (quantization levels and
breakpoints); these design criteria are shown to involve an extension of the asymptotic relative efficiency used in single-sensor
detection and quantization. Numerical results in support of the analysis are given for the case of dependent rho-mixing Cauchy
noise.
DTIC
Data Acquisition; Multisensor Applications; Multisensor Fusion; Signal Detection

Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multiplexing for High-Capacity Optical
Networks
Ghaffari, B; Geraniotis, E; Jan 1989; 28 pp.; In English
In this paper provides an accurate analysis of the performance of a random-carrier (RC) code-division multiple-access
(CDMA) scheme recenily introduced for use in high-capacity optical networks. According to this scheme coherent optical
techniques are employed to exploit the huge bandwidth of single-mode optical fibers and are coupled with spread spectrum
direct-sequence modulation in order to mitigate the interference from other signals due to the frcquency overlap caused by the
instability of the carrier frequency of the laser, or to the mistakes in the frequency coordination and assignment. The average
bit error pmbability of this multiplexing scheme is evaluated by using the characteristic function of the other-user interference
at the output of the matched optical filter. Both phase noise and thermal noise (AWGN) are taken into account in the
computation. Both synchronous and asynchronous Systems are analyzed in this context. The analysis is valid for any spreading
gain and any number of interfering users and makes very limited use of approximations. The performance evaluation of RC
CDMA establishes the potential advantage in employing hybrids of WDMA (wavelength-division multiple-access) and
CDMA multiplexing to combat inter-carrier interference in dense WDMA systems.
DTIC
Carrier Waves; Code Division Multiple Access; Coherent Radiation; Multiplexing; Optical Communication

StreetScenes: Towards Scene Understanding in Still Images
Bileschi, Stanley M; May 2006; 183 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This thesis describes an effort to construct a scene understanding system that is able to analyze the content of real images.
While constructing the system we had to provide solutions to many of the fundamental questions that every student of object
recognition deals with daily. These include the choice of data set, the choice of success measurement, the representation of
the image content, the selection of inference engine, and the representation of the relations between objects. The main test-bed
for our system is the CBCL StreetScenes data base. It is a carefully labeled set of images, much larger than any similar data
set available at the time it was collected. Each image in this data set was labeled for 9 common classes such as cars,
pedestrians, roads and trees. Our system represents each image using a set of features that are based on a model of the human
visual system constructed in our lab. We demonstrate that this biologically motivated image representation, along with its
extensions, constitutes an effective representation for object detection, facilitating unprecedented levels of detection accuracy.
Similarly to biological vision systems, our system uses hierarchical representations. We therefore explore the possible ways
of combining information across the hierarchy into the final perception. Our system is trained using standard machine learning
machinery, which was first applied to computer vision in earlier work of Prof. Poggio and others. We demonstrate how the
same standard methods can be used to model relations between objects in images as well, capturing context information. The
resulting system detects and localizes, using a unified set of tools and image representations, compact objects such as cars,
amorphous objects such as trees and roads, and the relations between objects within the scene. The same representation also
excels in identifying objects in clutter without scanning the image.
DTIC
Artificial Intelligence; Image Processing; Pattern Recognition
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20060049720 Natural Interaction Systems, LLC, Portland, OR USA
Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimodal System, for a No-Wait Temporal Threshold on Information Fusion,
Combined with an Under-Specified Display
Kaiser, Edward C; Barthelmess, Paulo; Jan 2006; 5 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Predicting the end of user input turns in a multimodal system can be complex. User interactions vary across a spectrum
from single, unimodal inputs to multimodal combinations delivered either simultaneously or sequentially. Early multimodal
systems used a fixed duration temporal threshold to determine how long to wait for the next input before processing and
integration. Several recent studies have proposed using dynamic or adaptive temporal thresholds to predict turn segmentation
and thus achieve faster system response times. We introduce an approach that requires no temporal threshold. First we contrast
current multimodal command interfaces to a new class of cumulative-observant multimodal systems that we introduce. Within
that new system class we show how our technique of edge-splitting combined with our strategy for under-specified, no-wait,
visual feedback resolves parsing problems that underlie turn segmentation errors. Test results show a 46.2% significant
reduction in multimodal recognition errors, compared to not using these techniques.
DTIC
Parsing Algorithms; Speech
20060049721 Rochester Univ., NY USA

Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Parser to Improve Deep Parsing
Swift, Mary; Allen, James; Gildea, Daniel; Aug 2004; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCH-D-03-0010; NSF-IIS-0328810
We describe a simple approach for integrating shallow and deep parsing. We use phrase structure bracketing obtained
from the Collins parser as filters to guide deep parsing. Our experiments demonstrate that our technique yields substantial
gains in speed along with modest improvements in accuracy.
DTIC
Musculoskeletal System; Parsing Algorithms

Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Communications
Ketseoglou, Thomas; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1989; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; NSF-CDR-8803012
Exact expressions for the probabilities P (l,m -l|k) of l correct packet receptions and m-l erroneous ones, out of total k
packets contending in a slot, are presented for the case of frequency-hopped spread-spectrum random-access slotted networks
employing random frequency hopping patterns. These expressions are difficult to evaluate numerically for values of m \g3.
However, our numerical analysis indicates that under light traffic conditions these probability values are very close to the ones
provided by the independent receiver operation assumption, under which, the distribution of multireception obeys the binomial
law.
DTIC
Error Correcting Codes; Probability Theory; Signal Processing

Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning With a Multi-Level Architecture
Spector, Lee; Hendler, James; Nov 26, 1990; 38 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-88-K-0560; NSF-IRI-89-07890
This report demonstrates the use of ‘multi-level’ or ‘layered’ knowledge representation in Artificial Intelligence planning
systems. Although multi-level representation schemes have been in use since the earliest days of AI, certain principles and
advantages of knowledge stratification have never been made fully explicit. This paper examines issues of multi-level
knowledge representation in the context of ‘reactive planning systems"; that is, in systems which extend the applicability
of AI planning systems to complex, dynamic domains. The complexity and real-time requirements of reactive planning have
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lead several researchers to propose multi-level approaches. Our aim is to improve upon the state of the art in reactive planning
by bringing to bear an analysis of the principles of multi-level event and action representation. Our work has lead to the
implementation of a prototype architecture (called APE, for Abstraction-Partitioned Evaluator) and, within this architecture,
a reactive planner (HomeBot) which operates in a household task domain.
DTIC
Architecture (Computers); Artificial Intelligence; Information Management; Reactivity

Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimination of Radar Targets
Haimerl, Joseph A; Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1991; 24 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-85-G-0213; NSF-CDR-88-03012
In this paper, perceptron neural networks are applied to the problem of discriminating between two classes of radar
returns. The perceptron neural networks are used as nonlinearities in two threshold sequential discriminators which act upon
samples of the radar return. The test statistic compared to the thresholds is of the form T sub n(Z) = sum over j=1 to n-K+1
of [gamma(Zj,Zj+1,... ,Zj+K-1)] where Z sub i, i = 1,2,3,... are the radar samples and gamma() is the nonlinearity formed by
the neural network. Numerical results are presented and compared to existing discrimination schemes.
DTIC
Neural Nets; Radar Targets; Target Recognition

Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vision Systems
Wolf, Lior; Bileschi, Stan; Meyers, Ethan; Jan 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Flat appearance-based systems, which combine clever image representations with standard classifiers, might be the most
effective way to recognize objects using current technologies. In the future, however, it seems probable that hierarchical
representations might have better performance. In such systems, the image representation consists of a sequence of sets of
features, where each subsequent set is computed based on the previous sets. The main contributions of this paper are to: (1)
pose the question what is the best way to employ discriminative methods for hierarchical image representations? ; (2)
enumerate some of the alternative hierarchies while drawing connections to recent work by brain researchers; (3) study
experimentally the different alternatives. As we will show, the strategy used can make a substantial difference.
DTIC
Classifications; Computer Vision; Discriminant Analysis (Statistics); Pattern Recognition
20060049798 Danish Defence Research Establishment, Copenhagen, Denmark

Virtual Reality in Denmark
Rasmussen, Lisbeth M; Dec 1, 2005; 41 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Denmark; Geographic Information Systems; Simulators; Virtual Reality

Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Project - Canada
Magee, Lochlan; Dec 1, 2005; 71 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Augmentation; Canada; Military Technology; Surveys; Virtual Reality

Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and Enhancements
Spector, Lee; Andersen, Bill; Hendler, James; Kettler, Brian; Schwartzman, Eugene; Woods, Cynthia; Evett, Matthew; Jan 28,
1992; 23 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-J-1451; IRI-8907890
337
Our research group has designed and implemented a symbolic knowledge representation system called PARKA which
runs on the Connection Machine, a massively parallel SfMD computer. The semantics of this system are discussed. The details
of the Connection Machine implementation and discussions of performance considerations can he found. In the past year the
PARKA project has made significant advances along several fronts of both theoretical and practical significance. This paper
summarizes some of this work and outlines directions for further research.
DTIC
Augmentation; Knowledge Based Systems; Knowledge Representation; Symbolic Programming

Identification of Infinite Dimensional Systems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Networks
Zhuang, Y; Baras, J S; Jan 1993; 24 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-01054; CDR-8803012
We consider identification of distributed systems via adaptive wavelet neural networks (AWNNs). We take advantage of
the multiresolution property of wavelet systems and the computational structure of neural networks to approximate the
unknown plant successively. A systematic approach is developed in this paper to find the optimal discrete orthonormal wavelet
basis with compact support for spanning the subspaces employed for system identification. We then apply backpropagation
algorithm to train the network with supervision to emulate the unknown system. This work is applicable to signal
representation and compression under the optimal orthonormal wavelet basis in addition to autoregressive system
identification and modeling. We anticipate that this work be intuitive for practical applications in the areas of controls and
signal processing.
DTIC
Neural Nets; Wavelet Analysis

On the Role of Object-Specific Features for Real World Object Recognition in Biological Vision
Serre, Thomas; Riesenhuber, Maximilian; Louie, Jennifer; Poggio, Tomaso; Jan 2006; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0907; IIS-0085836
Models of object recognition in cortex have so far been mostly applied to tasks involving the recognition of isolated
objects presented on blank backgrounds. However, ultimately models of the visual system have to prove themselves in real
world object recognition tasks. Here we took a first step in this direction: We investigated the performance of the HMAX
model of object recognition in cortex recently presented by Riesenhuber & Poggio on the task of face detection using natural
images. We found that the standard version of HMAX performs rather poorly on this task, due to the low specificity of the
hardwired feature set of C2 units in the model (corresponding to neurons in intermediate visual area V4) that do not show any
particular tuning for faces vs. background. We show how visual features of intermediate complexity can be learned in HMAX
using a simple learning rule. Using this rule, HMAX outperforms a classical machine vision face detection system presented
in the literature. This suggests an important role for the set of features in intermediate visual areas in object recognition.
DTIC
Computer Vision; Pattern Recognition

Regularization Through Feature Knock Out
Wolf, Lior; Martin, Ian; Nov 2004; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454942; AI-MEMO-2004-025; CBCL-MEMO-242; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In this paper, we present and analyze a novel regularization technique based on enhancing our dataset with corrupted
copies of the original data. The motivation is that since the learning algorithm lacks information about which parts of the data
are reliable, it has to produce more robust classification functions. We then demonstrate how this regularization leads to
redundancy in the resulting classifiers, which is somewhat in contrast to the common interpretations of the Occam’s razor
principle. Using this framework, we propose a simple addition to the gentle boosting algorithm which enables it to work with
338
only a few examples. We test this new algorithm on a variety of datasets and show convincing results.
DTIC
Algorithms; Classifications; Computer Vision; Redundancy

On the Effects of the Initial Condition in State Estimation for Discrete-Time Linear Systems
Sowers, Richard B; Makowski, Armand M; Jan 1992; 63 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-J-1526; ECS-83-51836
We consider the one step prediction problem for discrete time linear systems in correlated Gaussian white plant and
observation noises, and non-Gaussian initial conditions. Explicit representations are obtained for the MMSE and LLSE (or
Kalman) estimates of the state given past observations, as well as for the expected square of their difference. These formulae
are obtained with the help of the Girsanov transformation for Gaussian white noise sequences, and explicitly display the effects
of the distribution of the initial condition. With the help of these formulae, we investigate the large time asymptotics of epsilon
sub t, the expected squared difference between the MMSE and LLSE estimates at time t. We characterize the limit of the error
sequence {epsilon sub t, t = 1,2,... } and obtain some related rates of convergence. A complete large time analysis is provided
for the scalar case.
DTIC
Kalman Filters; Linear Systems; State Estimation; White Noise

Robust Learning and Segmentation for Scene Understanding
Martin, Ian S; May 2005; 92 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This thesis demonstrates methods useful in learning to understand images from only a few examples, but they are by no
means limited to this application. Boosting techniques are popular because they learn effective classification functions and
identify the most relevant features at the same time. However, in general, they overfit and perform poorly on data sets that
contain many features, but few examples. A novel stochastic regularization technique is presented, based on enhancing data
sets with corrupted copies of the examples to produce a more robust classifier. This regularization technique enables the gentle
boosting algorithm to work well with only a few examples. It is tested on a variety of data sets from various domains, including
object recognition and bioinformatics, with convincing results. In the second part of this work, a novel technique for extracting
texture edges is introduced, based on the combination of a patch-based approach, and non-parametric tests of distributions.
This technique can reliably detect texture edges using only local information, making it a useful preprocessing step prior to
segmentation. Combined with a parametric deformable model, this technique provides smooth boundaries and globally salient
structures.
DTIC
Pattern Recognition; Segments

Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Controls
McDowell, Mark, Inventor; September 12, 2006; 36 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 4 Feb. 2005; US-Patent- 7,106,502; US-Patent-Appl-SN-053758; NASA-Case-LEW-17484-2;
Hardcopy
A Microscope Imaging System (CMIS) with intelligent controls is disclosed that provides techniques for scanning,
identifying, detecting and tracking microscopic changes in selected characteristics or features of various surfaces including,
but not limited to, cells, spheres, and manufactured products subject to difficult-to-see imperfections. The practice of the
present invention provides applications that include colloidal hard spheres experiments, biological cell detection for patch
clamping, cell movement and tracking, as well as defect identification in products, such as semiconductor devices, where
surface damage can be significant, but difficult to detect. The CMIS system is a machine vision system, which combines
intelligent image processing with remote control capabilities and provides the ability to autofocus on a microscope sample,
339
automatically scan an image, and perform machine vision analysis on multiple samples simultaneously.
Image Processing; Microscopy; Colloids; Spheres; Identifying; Detection; Cells (Biology); Robotics; Remote Control

Optimization of Training Sets For Neural-Net Processing of Characteristic Patterns From Vibrating Solids
Decker, Arthur J., Inventor; July 04, 2006; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 1 Apr. 2003; US-Patent-7,072,874; US-Patent-Appl-SN-404725; NASA-CASE-LEW-17,238-1;
Hardcopy
An artificial neural network is disclosed that processes holography generated characteristic pattern of vibrating structures
along with finite-element models. The present invention provides for a folding operation for conditioning training sets for
optimally training forward-neural networks to process characteristic fringe pattern. The folding pattern increases the sensitivity
of the feed-forward network for detecting changes in the characteristic pattern The folding routine manipulates input pixels
so as to be scaled according to the location in an intensity range rather than the position in the characteristic pattern.
Neural Nets; Solids; Vibration; Optimization
20060050168 Stanford Research Inst., CA USA

Robot Research at Stanford Research Institute
Raphael, Bertram; Feb 1972; 26 pp.; In English
Robots; Systems Integration

Identification of Connectivity in Neural Networks
Yang, Xiaowei; Shamma, Shihab A; Jan 1989; 41 pp.; In English
Analytical and experimental methods are provided for estimating synaptic connectivities from simultaneous recordings
of multiple neurons. The results are based on detailed, yet flexible neuron models in which spike trains are modeled as general
doubly stochastic point processes. The expressions derived can be used with non-stationary or stationary records, and can be
readily extended from pair-wise to multi-neuron estimates. Furthermore, we show analytically how the estimates are improved
as more neurons are sampled, and derive the appropriate normalizations to eliminate stimulus-related correlations. Finally, we
illustrate the use and interpretation of the analytical expressions on simulated spike trains and neural networks, and give
explicit confidence measures on the estimates.
DTIC
Neural Nets; Applications of Mathematics
20060050223 California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USA

Attentional Selection for Object Recognition - A Gentle Way
Walther, Dirk; Itti, Laurent; Riesenhuber, Maximilian; Poggio, Tomaso; Koch, Christof; Nov 2002; 9 pp.; In English; Original
Attentional selection of an object for recognition is often modeled using all-or-nothing switching of neuronal connection
pathways from the attended region of the retinal input to the recognition units. However, there is little physiological evidence
for such all-or-none modulation in early areas. We present a combined model for spatial attention and object recognition in
which the recognition system monitors the entire visual field, but attentional modulation by as little as 20% at a high level is
sufficient to recognize multiple objects. To determine the size and shape of the region to be modulated, a rough segmentation
is performed, based on pre-attentive features already computed to guide attention. Testing with synthetic and natural stimuli
340
demonstrates that our new approach to attentional selection for recognition yields encouraging results in addition to being
biologically plausible.
DTIC
Pattern Recognition; Neurophysiology; Visual Fields

Incremental Parsing with Reference Interaction
Stoness, Scott C; Tetreault, Joel; Allen, James; Jul 2004; 9 pp.; In English
We present a general architecture for incremental interaction between modules in a speech-to-intention continuous
understanding dialogue system. This architecture is then instantiated in the form of an incremental parser which receives
suitability feedback on NP constituents from a reference resolution module. Oracle results indicate that perfect NP suitability
judgments can provide a labelled-bracket error reduction of as much as 42% and an efficiency improvement of 30%.
Preliminary experiments in which the parser incorporates feedback judgments based on the set of referents found in the
discourse context achieve a maximum error reduction of 9.3% and efficiency gain of 4.6%. The parser is also able to
incrementally instantiate the semantics of underspecified pronouns based on matches from the discourse context. These results
suggest that the architecture holds promise as a platform for incremental parsing supporting continuous understanding.
DTIC
Parsing Algorithms; Speech Recognition
64
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS
Includes iteration, differential and difference equations, and numerical approximation.

Discrimination Against Partially Overlapping Interference -Its Effect on Throughput in Frequency-Hopped Multiple
Access Channels
Wieselthier, Jeffrey E; Ephremides, Anthony; Feb 1986; 10 pp.; In English
A02, Hardcopy
In this paper we derive the probability of correct packet recep(ion and the resulting channel throughput achievable in an
asynchronous slow-frequency-hopped multiple user channel. Reed-Solomon coding is used to correct errors caused by
other-user interference in an otherwise noiseless channel. We analy,e and evaluate an M-ary FSK signaling scheme, which
permits the discrimination against interfering signals that are present for a sufficiently small fraction of the hop duration, and
results in substantial increases in channel throughput over previous models.
DTIC
Code Division Multiple Access; Frequencies; Frequency Division Multiple Access; Multiple Access; Target Recognition

A Continuous-Time Distributed Version of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Problem
LaVigna, Anthony; Makowski, Armand M; Baras, John S; Jan 1985; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; N00014-83-K-0731
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This paper discusses a distributed version of Wald’s sequential hypothesis testing problem in the continuous time
framework.
DTIC
Decision Making; Discrete Functions; Hypotheses; Probability Distribution Functions
341
Robust Control of Bifurcating Nonlinear Systems With Applications
Lee, Hsien-Chiarn; Jan 1991; 200 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453213; SRC-91-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453213; Avail.: CASI:
A09, Hardcopy
This dissertation addresses issues in the robust control of nonlinear dynamic systems near points of bifurcation, with
application to the feedback control of aircraft high angle-of-attack flight dynamics. Specifically, we consider nonlinear control
systems for which a nominal equilibrium point loses stability with slight variation of a distinguished system parameter (the
‘bifurcation parameter’). At such a loss of stability, various static and dynamic bifurcations may occur. These bifurcations
often entail the emergence from the nominal equilibrium of new equilibrium points or of periodic solutions. The control laws
sought in this work are intended to achieve certain goals related to the stability and/or amplitude of the bifurcated solutions.
DTIC
Control; Nonlinear Systems

Discrete Representation of Signals from Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with Application to Noise Suppression and
Compression
Teolis, Anthony; Jan 1993; 217 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-J-1003; NSFD-CDR-88-03012
Report No.(s): AD-A453215; ISR-PHD-93-5; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453215; Avail.:
CASI: A10, Hardcopy
Addressed in this thesis is the issue of representing signals from infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces in a discrete form.
The discrete representations which are studied come from the irregular samples of a signal dependent transform called the
group representation transform, e.g., the wavelet and Gabor transforms. The main issues dealt with are (i) the recoverability
of a signal from its discrete representation, (ii) the suppression of noise in a corrupted signal, and (iii) compression through
efficient discrete representation.
DTIC
Discrete Functions; Hilbert Space; Noise Reduction; Probability Distribution Functions

Motion Control and Planning for Nonholonomic Kinematic Chains
Tsakiris, Dimitrios P; Jan 1995; 205 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-92-G-0121; AFOSR-90-0105
CASI: A10, Hardcopy
In this dissertation we examine a class of systems where nonholonomic kinematic constraints are combined with periodic
shape variations, giving rise to a snake-like undulating motion of the system. Within this class, we distinguish two subclasses,
one where the system possesses enough kinematic constraints to allow the control of its motion to be based entirely on
kinematics and another which does not; in the latter case, the dynamics plays a crucial role in complementing the kinematics
and in making motion control possible. An instance of these systems are the Nonholonomic Variable Geometry Truss (NVGT)
assemblies, where shape changes are implemented by parallel manipulator modules, while the nonholonomic constraints are
imposed by idler wheels attached to the assembly. We assume that the wheels roll without slipping on the ground, thus
constraining the instantaneous motion of the assembly. These assemblies can be considered as land locomotion alternatives
to systems based on legs or actuated wheels. Their propulsion combines features of both biological systems like skating
humans and snakes and of man-made systems like orbiting satellites with manipulator arms. The NVGT assemblies can be
modeled in terms of the Special Euclidean group of rigid motions on the plane. Generalization to nonholonomic kinematic
chains on other Lie groups (U) gives rise to the notion of U-Snakes.
DTIC
Chains; Kinematics; Motion; Shapes; Trajectory Control
342
Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System Instability With Application to Axial Flow Compressors
Kim, Taihyun; Jan 1997; 127 pp.; In English
CASI: A07, Hardcopy
This dissertation addresses monitoring of nonlinear systems for detection and prediction of incipient instabilities. The
analysis and design presented here rely on the in uence of noise on system behavior near the onset of instability. The work
is of relevance to high performance engineering systems, which are often operated with a low stability margin in order to
maximize performance. In such a stressed operating mode, a small or moderate disturbance can result in loss of stability of
the nominal operating condition. This can be followed by operation in a new lower performance mode, oscillatory behavior,
or even system collapse. All of these conditions can be viewed as bifurcations in the underlying dynamical models. Prediction
of the precise onset points of these instabilities is made di cult by the lack of accurate models for complex engineering systems.
Thus, in this thesis monitoring systems are proposed that can signal an approaching instability before it occurs, without
requiring a precise system model.
DTIC
Nonlinear Systems; Stability; Turbocompressors

Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Analytical Solutions and Approximations
Guen, Levent; Jan 1986; 160 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSFD-CDR-85-00108
CASI: A08, Hardcopy
Consider a production system composed of many processing stages (servers) through which the material (jobs) must pass
in some prespecifled order. The performance of such a system is impaired by variations in servers behavior due either to
failures or to fluctuations in service times. The effects of these variations can be mitigated by using intermediate storage spaces
(buffers) between the servers. However, because of physical limitations on buffer spaces and variations in the service times,
the flow of jobs through the system may get blocked. Queueing systems with blocking have a wider applicability in that they
can also be used to model computer systems, telecommunication networks and distributed systems, to name a few
applications.
DTIC
Blocking; Computer Storage Devices; Data Storage; Discrete Functions; Probability Distribution Functions; Queueing
Theory

New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear Filtering
Sowers, Richard B; Jan 1988; 27 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
We consider a discrete-time linear system with correlated Gaussian plant and observation noises and non-Gaussian initial
condition independent of the plant and observation noises. We firstly find a solution for the filtering problem; we find a
representation for the conditional distribution of the state at time t given the observations up to time t - 1. This representation
is in terms of a finite collection of easily-computable statistics. With this solution to the filtering problem, we then find
representations for the MMSE and LLSE estimates of the state given the previous observations, and the mean-square error
between the two. (Of course the MMSE estimate will in general be a nonlinear function of the observations, whereas the LLSE
estimate is by definition linear and is given by the KJman filtering equations.) We then consider the asymptotic behavior of
the mean-square error between the MMSE and LLSE estimates as time tends to infinity. We find conditions on the system
dynamics under which the effects of the initial condition die out; under these conditions the non-Gaussian nature of the initial
condition becomes unimportant as t becomes large. The practical value of this result is dear-under these conditions, the LLSE
estimate, which is usually less costly to generate than the MMSE estimate, is asymptotically as good as the MMSE estimate
(i.e., asymptotically optimal) in the mean-square sense.
DTIC
Discrete Functions; Nonlinear Filters; Probability Distribution Functions
343
An Investigation of Control Strategies for Friction Compensation
Ehrich, Naomi E; Jan 1991; 162 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFSOR-90-0105; NSFD-CDR88-03012
CASI: A08, Hardcopy
Control strategies are investigated for friction compensation in servomechanisms. As part of the investigation, several
different models of friction are reviewed and analyzed for their relevancy to the control problem. Models of friction at zero
and near-zero velocities are of particular concern since in this regime friction can introduce oscillations. These different
models are considered in friction-compensating adaptive control design. Three friction-compensating adaptive controllers are
designed based on strategies proposed in the literature. Adaptive controllers are well-suited to the friction compensation
problem since they are nonlinear and have the additional advantage of providing system identification and tracking of
slowly-varying parameters such as friction parameters. Stability analyses are performed for the controllers and yield
asymptotic stability results for the system error. An original stability proof employing passivity theory is provided for one of
the controllers. To test the effectiveness of the adaptive controllers, an experimental program is designed and implemented on
a direct drive dc motor. Comparative position trajectory tracking experiments are performed with the three adaptive
controllers, a controller with dither (a commonly-used heuristic friction-compensating controller), and a traditional linear
controller used as a benchmark. The results show that the adaptive controllers outperform the more traditional heuristic and
linear controllers. Additionally, the experiments yield insight into the appropriateness of the different friction models under
the tested operating conditions. In particular, the less popular Dahl model is observed to provide a reliable representation of
friction behavior near zero velocity.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Friction

Smart Structures and Wavelet Based System Identification
Rezaiifar, Ramin; Jan 1993; 125 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-82-G-01201; NSF-ECS90-96121
CASI: A06, Hardcopy
In this thesis we study the problem of modeling and control of vibrations of a flexible structure. Different approaches have
been considered for fitting a finite dimensional model to the infinite dimensional system. In particular we used a discretization
method to model the cantilever beam and using this model and taking into account the saturation of input signal, we have
designed and analyzed a nonlinear controller. An observer based version of the controller has also been implemented and
shown to be stable. A simulation program is written for solving the governing partial differential equation for a cantilever beam
and the effect of passive damping due to viscous and internal damping has been considered to get a more realistic simulation.
Finally a general algorithm for nonparametric system identification is developed and implemented and is used to obtain an
approximation to the transfer function matrix of a smart structure. The results are compared with conventional methods.
DTIC
Cantilever Beams; Damping; Smart Structures; System Identification; Vibration; Wavelet Analysis

Impact and Force Control of Flexible Manipulators
Salmatjidis, Ioanis; Jan 1991; 120 pp.; In English
CASI: A06, Hardcopy
We consider the force control problem of a one degree-of-freedom flexible robot manipulator. We approximate the
distributed parameter flexible structure by a finite number of rigid elements connected by means of torsional springs. We
assume that the arm tip interacts with the environment under rigid, frictionless, point contact conditions. The kinematic
(holonomic) constraints which hold when contact is established, are derived using tbe geometry of the problem. The free and
constrained motion of the arm are predicted numerically using the Newmark integration method. Numerical results are
compared to the empirical system response. The conventional energy principle method for predicting the maximum reaction
force is demonstrated, along with a much more efficient method based on the evaluation of instantaneous’ velocity increments
344
just after impact. The latter assumes that velocities vary linearly between the time instants of initial contact and maximum
force occurrence. Finally, a hybrid impact-force real-time controller for diminishing the impact effect is implemented and
various design considerations are presented.
DTIC
Manipulators; Robots
20060048657 Advanced Information Engineering Services, Inc., Dayton, OH USA

Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Signals Based on Wavelet Decompositions
Cheng, Zhiqing; Pellettiere, Joseph A; Pilkey, Walter D; May 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8650-04-D-6472; Proj-7184
Hardcopy
Impact signals are decomposed on orthogonal wavelet bases or wavelet packet bases. Based on these orthogonal
decompositions, the energy distribution of an impact signal can be defined in two ways: (1) with respect to natural order of
nodes or frequency index, representing the energy distribution at each node or frequency index; (2) with respect to time
position and frequency index, providing an energy map over the time-frequency plane. Thus defined, energy distributions of
impact responses can be used for the validation of finite element automobile crashworthiness modeling by comparing energy
distributions between the signals from tests and simulations.
DTIC
Decomposition; Wavelet Analysis

A Global Convergence Theory for the Celis-Dennis-Tapia Trust Region Algorithm for Constrained Optimization
El-Alem, Mahmoud; May 1989; 52 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-85-0243; DE-FG05-85ER25017
A04, Hardcopy
A global convergence theory for a class of trust-region algorithms for solving the equality constrained optimization
problem is presented. This theory is suffidently general that it holds for any algorithm that generates steps that give at least
a fraction of Cauchy decrease in the quadratic model of the constraints and uses the augmented Lagrangian as a merit
function. This theory is used to establish global convergence of the 1g84 Celis-Dennis-Tapia algorithm with a different scheme
for updating the penalty parameter. The behavior of the penalty parameter is also discussed.
DTIC
Algorithms; Convergence
20060048742 California Univ., Davis, CA USA

Distributed Tracing of Intruders
Staniford-Chen, Stuart G; Jan 1995; 85 pp.; In English
Unwelcome intrusions into computer systems are being perpetrated by strangers, and the number of such incidents is
rising steadily. One of the things that facilitates this malfeasance is that computer networks provide the ability for a user to
log into multiple computer systems in sequence, changing identity with each step. This makes it very difficult to trace actions
on a network of computers all the way back to their actual origins. We refer to this as the tracing problem. This thesis attempts
to address this problem by the development of a technology called thumbprinting. Thumbprinting involves forming a signature
of the data in a network connection. This signature is a small quantity which does not allow complete reconstruction of the
data, but does allow comparison with signatures of other connections to determine with reasonable confidence whether the
data were the same or not. This is a potential basis for a tracing system. The specific technology developed to perform this
task is local thumbprinting. This involves forming linear combinations of the frequencies with which different characters occur
in the network data sampled. The optimal linear combinations are chosen using a statistical methodology called principal
component analysis. The difficulties which this process must overcome are outlined, and an algorithm for comparing the
thumbprints which adaptively handles these difficulties is presented. A number of experiments with a trial implementation of
this method are described. The method is shown to work successfully when given at least a minute and a half of reasonably
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active network connection. This requires presently about 20 bytes per minute per connection of storage for the thumbprints.
In addition, the existing (very limited) literature on the tracing problem is reviewed.
DTIC
Computer Information Security; Computer Networks; Computers; Intrusion

On the Poisson Equation for Countable Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Parameter Dependence by
Probabilistic Methods
Makowski, Armand M; Shwartz, Adam; Jan 1994; 40 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSF-ECS-83-51836
Report No.(s): AD-A453497; ISR-TR-94-87; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453497; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This paper considers the Poisson equation associated with time-homogeneous Markov chains on a countable state space.
The discussion emphasizes probabilistic arguments and focuses on three separate issues, namely (i) the existence and
uniqueness of solutions to the Poisson equation, (ii) growth estimates and bounds on these solutions, and (iii) their parametric
dependence. Answers to these questions are obtained under a variety of recurrence conditions. Motivating applications can be
found in the theory of Markov decision processes in both its adaptive and non-adaptive formulations, and in the theory of
Stochastic Approximations. The results complement available results from Potential Theory for Markov chains, and are
therefore of independent interest.
DTIC
Approximation; Dynamic Programming; Independent Variables; Markov Chains; Poisson Equation; Probability Theory;
Stochastic Processes

Polar Phase Screens: A Comparison with Other Methods of Random Phase Screen Generation
Eckert, Rebecca J; Mar 2006; 77 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This research provides the first organized comparison of random phase screen generation methods, including logarithmic
polar Fourier series, using structure functions. Random phase screens are essential elements of simulating light propagation
through turbulent media. In order to be effective, they must accurately reflect theory and be practical to implement. This
research explains and evaluates three methods of generating random phase screens: using a Fourier series upon a polar
frequency grid with logarithmic spacing; using the fast Fourier transform, with its Cartesian frequency grid; and using Zernike
polynomials. It provides a comparison of the Polar Fourier Series technique with the two more common techniques (Fast
Fourier Transform and Zernike), with the end result of giving the users enough information to choose which method best fits
their needs. The evaluation criteria used are generation time (usability) and phase structure function (accuracy).
DTIC
Fourier Series; Polarity
20060048912 Colorado Univ., Denver, CO USA

An Iterative Substructuring Method for Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Problems
Mandel, Jan; Nov 13, 2000; 15 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-95-1-0663; NSF-ECS97-25504
A fast parallel iterative method is proposed for the solution of linear systems arizing from Finite Element discretization
of the time harmonic acoustics of coupled uid-solid systems in uid pressure and solid displacement formulation. The method
generalizes the FETI-H method for the Helmholtz equation to elastic scattering. The uid and the solid domains are decomposed
into non-overlapping subdomains. Continuity of the solution enforced by Lagrange multipliers. The system is augmented by
duplicating the degrees of freedom on the wet interface. The original degrees of freedom are then eliminated and the resulting
system is solved by the GCR method preconditioned by a subspace correction. In each iteration, the method requires the
solution of one independent acoustic problem per subdomain, and the solution of a coarse problem with several degrees of
freedom per subdomain. Computational results show that the method is scalable with the problem size, frequency, and the
number of subdomains. The number of iterations was mostly about same as the number of iterations of the FETI-H method
346
for the related Helmholtz problem with Neumann boundary condition instead of elastic scatterer. Convergence is explained
from the spectrum of the iteration operator.
DTIC
Acoustics; Elastic Scattering

A Global Convergence Theory for General Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Equality Constrained Optimization
Dennis, John E; El-Alem, Mahmoud; Maciel, Maria C; Aug 1995; 34 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-93-1-0212; DE-FG005-86ER25017
This work presents a global convergence theory for a broad class of trust-region algorithms for the smooth nonlinear
programming problem with equality constraints. The main result generalizes Powell’s 1975 result for unconstrained
trust-region algorithmic. The trial step is characterized by very mild conditions on its normal tangential components. The
normal Component need not be computed accurately. The theory requires a quasi-normal component to satisfy a fraction of
Cauchy decrease condition on the quadratic model of the linearized constraints. The tangential component then must satisfy
a fraction of Cauchy decrease condition of a quadratic model of the Lagrasigian function in the translated tangent space of
the constraints determined by the quasi-normal component.
DTIC
Algorithms; Convergence; Optimization

Approximation Methods for Inverse Problems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic Systems
Banks, H T; Mussante, C J; Raye, J K; Dec 17, 1999; 33 pp.; In English
We present a rigorous theoretical framework for approximation of nonlinear parabolic systems with delays in the context
of inverse least squares problems. Convergence of approximate optimal parameters and that of forward solution in the context
of semidiscrete Galerkin schemes are given. Sample numerical results demonstrating the convergence are given for a model
of dioxin uptake and elimination in a distributed liver model that is a special case of the general theoretical framework.
DTIC
Approximation; Nonlinear Systems

Optimization on Microcomputers: The Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm
Dennis, Jr, J E; Woods, Daniel J; Dec 1985; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-83-K-0035; AFOSR-85-0243
In this paper we describe the Nelder-Mead simplex method for obtaining the minimizer of a function. The Nelder-Mead
algorithm has several properties that make it a natural choice for implementation and utilization on microcomputers. Stopping
criteria for the method are presented as well as a brief discussion of the convergence properties of the method. An algorithmic
statement of the method is included as an appendix.
DTIC
Algorithms; Microcomputers; Simplex Method

The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite-Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations
Dennis, Jr, J E; Li, Guangye; Nov 1986; 24 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AS05-82ER1-13016; AFOSR-85-0243
This paper presents an algorithm the combined Schubert/secant/finite difference algorithm, for solving sparse nonlinear
systems of equations. This algorithm is based on dividing the columns of the Jacobian into two parts, and using different
algorithms on each part. This algorithm incorporates advantages of both algorithms by exploiting some special structure of
347
the Jacobian to obtain a good approximation to the Jacobian by using as little effort as possible. Kantorovich-type analysis and
a locally q-superlinear convergence result for this algorithm are given.
DTIC
Algorithms; Differential Equations; Finite Difference Theory; Nonlinear Equations; Nonlinear Systems

Successive Column Correction Algorithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Systems of Equations
Li, Guangye; May 1986; 23 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AS05-82ER1-13016; AFOSR-85-0243
This paper presents two algorithms for solving sparse nonlinear systems of equations: the CM-successive column
correction algorithm and the modified CM-successive column correction algorithm. A q-superlinear convergence theorem and
an r-convergence order estimate are given or both algorithms. The numerical results indicate that these two algorithms,
especially the modified algorithm are probably more efficient than some currently used algorithms.
DTIC
Algorithms; Matrices (Mathematics); Nonlinear Systems

A Variable-Metric Variant of the Karmarkar Algorithm for Linear Programming
Dennis, Jr, J E; Morshedi, A M; Turner, Kathryn; Jan 1987; 33 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AS05-82ER13016; DAAG29-83-K-0035
The most time-consuming part of the Karmarkar algorithm for linear programming is the projection of a vector onto the
nullspace of a matrix that changes at each iteration. We present a variant of the Karmarkar algorithm that uses standard
variable-metric techniques in an innovative way to approximate this projection. In limited tests, this modification greatly
reduces the number of matrix factorizations needed for the solution of linear programming problems.
DTIC
Algorithms; Linear Programming

Remarks on Uncertainty Assessment and Management in Modeling and Computation
Banks, H T; Jan 1998; 14 pp.; In English
We discuss questions related to uncertainty in scientific computations for mathematical models. A computationally
tractable probabilistic framework to treat uncertainty in the estimation of parameters or inverse problems is given. The theory
is illustrated by a simple computational example for the estimation of constant parameters in differential equations by treating
the parameters as random variable.
DTIC
Computation; Mathematical Models

Gaussian Filters for Nonlinear Filtering Problems
Ito, Kazufumi; Xiong, Kaiqi; May 25, 1999; 32 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-1-0265; F49620-95-1-0447
In this paper we develop and analyze real-time and accurate filters for nonlinear filtering problems based on the Gaussian
distributions. We present the systematic formulation of Gaussian filters and develop efficient and accurate numerical
integration of the optimal filter. We also discuss the mixed Gaussian filters in which the conditional probability density is
approximated by the sum of Gaussian distributions. A new update rule of weights for Gaussian sum filters is proposed. Our
348
numerical testings demonstrate that new filters significantly improve the extended Kalman filter with no additional cost and
the new Gaussian sum filter has a nearly optimal performance.
DTIC
Nonlinear Filters

Effective Bezout Identities in Q[z1,...,Zn]
Berenstein, Carlos A; Yger, Alain; Jan 1987; 72 pp.; In English
If p(sub 1)..... , P(sub m)are n-variate polynomials with integral coefficients and no common zeros in C(exp n),
Brownawell has shown in 1986 that there exist q(sub 1 )%...., q(sub m) polynomials with integral coefficients and nu is an
element of Z(+) such that p(sub 1) q(sub 1) + ... + p(sub m) q(sub m) = nu, and max deg q(sub j) \h/= [max deg p(sub j) (exp
n))]. On the other hand if h = logarithm of the largest coefficient of all the p(sub j), and h(sub 1) is the corresponding quantity
for the q(sub j), then there is no sharp estimate of h(sub 1) in terms of h and max deg p(sub j). In this paper we show that
when the variety of common zeros at infinity of the p(sub j) is discrete then (essentially) we have: h(sub 1) \h/= D(exp cn)h
for an absolute constant c. If there were an algorithm to compute the q(sub j) in D(exp cn) time one would obtain exactly the
above estimate. Current algorithms require about D(exp n squared) operations.
DTIC
Identities; Integrals; Polynomials

On the Convergence of the Mizuno-Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center of the Solution Set
Gonzaga, Clovis C; Tapia, Richard A; Sep 1994; 32 pp.; In English
In this work we demonstrate that the Miznno-Todd-Ye predictor- corrector primal-dual interior-point method for linear
programming generates iteration sequences that converge to the analytic center of the sollition set.
DTIC
Algorithms; Analysis (Mathematics); Convergence; Linear Programming; Numerical Analysis

Robust Stochastic Adaptive Control
Valavani, Lena; Athans, Michael; Jan 28, 1988; 16 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453881; LIDS-FR-1744; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In this final report we summarize the activities of the MYF/LIDS research group for the time period 1 September 1982
to 31 December 1987. The research, funded by ONR contract N00014-82-K-0582, deals with fundamental issues in robust
adaptive control systems, and the potential application of advanced control system design methodologies to the multivariable
control of submarines. The research conducted was highly successful, and had significant (and controversial) impact upon the
theory of adaptive control. The research of Rohrs, Valavani, Athans and Stein pointed out potential instabilities of then existing
adaptive control algorithms caused by the presence of unmeasurable output disturbances and high frequency unmodeled
dynamics. The publications of Rohrs et al were instrumental for defining new research directions in the adaptive control field,
and the topic of Robust Adaptive Control became a new area for worldwide research. The research of Krause et al provided
the first direction for the use of what is now called Averaging Theory for the analysis of adaptive control algorithms in the
presence of disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. The research of Orlicki et al provided the first set of adaptive algorithms
that actively employ real-time signal processing to compute frequency domain parameters which can be used to safeguard the
stability of Model Reference Adaptive schemes that employ Intermittent Adaptation. The research of LaMaire et al deals with
novel formulation of Hybrid Robust Identification algorithms which identify in real-time both time-domain models of the
unknown plant and modeling error bounds in the frequency domain. The research of Milich et al develops theory and
methodologies for designing robust compensators, with guaranteed performance in the presence of large structured and
unstructured plant uncertainties. This complements the research conducted which helped streamline the LQG/LTR design
methodology for non-adaptive feedback systems.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Signal Processing; Stochastic Processes
349
Identification and Control of Haptic Systems: A Computational Theory
Karason, Steingrimur P; Annaswamy, Anurudha M; Srinivasan, Mandayam A; Jan 1998; 167 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-92-J-1814
Report No.(s): AD-A453884; RLE-TR-621; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A08, Hardcopy
This thesis provides a theoretical framework for haptics, the study of exploration and manipulation using hands. Be it
human or robotic research, an understanding of the nature of contact, grasp, exploration, and manipulation is of singular
importance. In human haptics the objective is to understand the mechanics of hand actions, sensory information processing,
and motor control. While robots have lagged behind their human counterparts in dexterity, recent developments in tactile
sensing technology have made it possible to build sensor arrays that in some way mimic human performance. We believe that
a computational theory of haptics, that investigates what kind of sensory information is necessary and how it has to be
processed is beneficial to both human and robotic research. Human and robot tactile sensing can be accomplished by arrays
of mechanosensors embedded in a deformable medium. When an object comes in contact with the surface of the medium,
information about the shape of the surface of the medium and the force distribution on the surface is encoded in the sensor
signals. The problem for the central processor is to reliably and efficiently infer the object properties and the contact state from
these signals. In the first part of the thesis w e discuss the surface signal identification problem: the processing of sensor signals
resulting in algorithms and guidelines for sensor design that give optimal estimates of the loading and displacement
distributions on the surface of the fingerpad. In the second part of the thesis we focus on how the information obtained from
such optimal sensing can be used for exploration of objects. We argue that an accurate reconstruction of object properties can
occur using two basic building blocks of Exploration Strategy and Finger Control.
DTIC
Data Processing; Fingers; Robotics; Touch

On the Convergence of the Tapia Indicators in the Absence of Strict Complementarity
El-Bakry, A S; Tapia, R A; Zhang, Y; Sep 1993; 16 pp.; In English
The convergence and the convergence rate of the Tapia indicators were established in El- Bakry [1] and EL-Bakry, Tapia,
and Zhang [2] in the context of primal-dual interior-point method under the assumption of strict complementarity In the
current work we use a recent result of Monteiro and Wright [10] to extend this theory to the case when strict complementarity
does not hold.
DTIC
Convergence; Linear Programming; Problem Solving

Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Mapping Estimator for Frequency Estimation
Li, Ta-Hsin; Kedem, Benjamin; Yakowitz, Sid; Sep 1991; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0049; N00014-89-J-1051
This paper investigates the asymptotic distribution of the recently-proposed contraction mapping (CM) method for
frequency estimation. Given a finite sample composed of a sinusoidal signal in additive noise, the CM method applies to the
data a parametric filter that matches its parameter with the first-order autocorrelation of the filtered noise. The CM estimator
is defined as the fixed-point of the parametrized first-order sample autocorrelation of the filtered data. In this paper, it is proved
that under appropriate conditions, the CM estimator is asymptotically normal with a variance inversely related to the
signal-to-noise ratio. A useful example of the AR(2) filter is discussed in detail to illustrate the performance of the CM method.
DTIC
Asymptotic Methods; Autocorrelation; Contraction; Frequencies; Normality; Spectrum Analysis

Toward Direct Sparse Updates of Cholesky Factors
Dennis, Jr , J E; Vu, Phuong, A; Apr 1983; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG79-C-0124; DE-AS05-82ER13016
350
A very important problem in numerical optimization is to find a way to update a sparse Hessian approximation so that
it will be positive-definite under reasonable circumstances. This problem has motivated research -- which is yet to show much
progress -- toward a ‘sparse BFGS method.’ In this paper, the authors suggest a different approach to the problem based on
using a sparse Broyden, or Schubert, update directly on the Cholesky factor of the current Hessian approximation to define
the next Hessian approximation implicitly in terms of its Cholesky factorization. This approach has the added advantage of
being able to cheaply find the Newton step, since no factorization step is required. The difficulty with the approach is in finding
a satisfactory secant or quasi-Newton condition to use in the update.
DTIC
Algebra; Cholesky Factorization; Factor Analysis; Least Squares Method; Newton Methods; Nonlinear Equations;
Optimization

A New Nonlinear Equations Test Problem
Dennis, Jr , J E; Gay, David M; Vu, Phuong A; Jan 31, 1986; 12 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-83-K-0035; DE-AS05-82ER13016
Report No.(s): AD-A453914; TR-83-1X; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This report presents a set of test problems for nonlinear equations and nonlinear least-squares algorithms. These problems,
sent to the authors by C. V. Nelson of the Maine Medical Center, come from a dipole model of the heart. They are 6x6 or 8x8,
easy to code, cheap to evaluate, but not easy to solve. In support of the latter contention, they present test results from
MINPACK and NL2SOL.
DTIC
Algebra; Algorithms; Dipole Moments; Heart; Least Squares Method; Nonlinear Equations; Problem Solving

The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Hessian in Constrained Optimization
Fontecilla, Rodrigo; Oct 1983; 36 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AS05-82ERI-3016; DAAG29-83-K-0035
The use of the DFP or the BFGS secant updates requires the Hessian at the solution to be positive-definite. The second
order sufficiency conditions insure the positive definiteness only in a sub-space of R(exp n). Conditions are given so the author
can safely update with either update. The author proposes a new class of algorithms that generate a sequence converging 2-step
q-superlinearly. He also proposes two specific algorithms. The first one converges q-superlinearly if the Hessian is
positive-definite in R(exp n), and it converges 2-step q-superlinearly if the Hessian is positive-definite only in a subspace. The
second one generates a sequence converging 1-step q-superlinearly. While the former costs one extra gradient evaluation, the
latter costs one extra gradient evaluation and one extra function evaluation on the constraints.
DTIC
Algorithms; Convergence; Iteration; Nonlinear Programming; Optimization

On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization
Stoer, J; Tapia, R A; Oct 1986; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG03-86-K-0113; DE-FG05-86ER25017
In this note, the authors present what they consider to be a short, direct, and self-contained derivation of the
Boggs-Tolle-Wang characterization of q-superlinear convergence for quasi-Newton methods for constrained optimization.
While they have stated that the three previous derivations (Boggs, Tolle, and Wang; Fontecilla, Steihaug, and Tapia; and
Nocedal and Overton) leave something to be desired, they quickly add that the present work was strongly influenced by these
three papers. Indeed, the basic idea that led to the present derivation was to attempt to parallel the Nocedal-Overton derivation
using a formulation of the quasi-Newton method that possessed the attribute that all necessary differentiations could be
obtained in a straightforward manner. As they have seen, one of the formulations suggested by Tapia possesses this property.
DTIC
Algorithms; Characterization; Convergence; Iteration; Newton Methods; Nonlinear Programming; Optimization; Quadratic
Programming
351
Verification of a Decision Level Fusion Algorithm Using a Proven ATR System and Measured SAR Data
Thompson, James D; Mar 2006; 80 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453926; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-60; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Decision level fusion (DLF) algorithms combine outputs of multiple single sensors to make one confident declaration of
a target. This research compares performance results of a DLF algorithm using measured data and a proven ATR system with
results from simulated data and a modeled ATR system. This comparison indicates that DLF offers significant performance
improvements over single sensor looks. However, results based on simulated data and a modeled ATR are slightly optimistic
and overestimate results from measured data and a proven ATR system by nearly 10% over all targets tested.
DTIC
Algorithms; Target Recognition

Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and Water/NaOH Solutions
Lazzarini, A K; Krauss, R H; Chelliah, H K; Linteris, G T; Aug 2000; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): HH0095
Hardcopy
Interactions of fine droplets of water and water/NaOH solutions with a steady, laminar counterflow methane/air
non-premixed flame are investigated experimentally and numerically. A water atomizer generating a polydisperse distribution
of droplet sizes with a median diameter of 20 micrometers is used in experiments with steady feed rate. Comparisons of the
measured flame extinction condition as a function of droplet mass fraction in the air stream indicate a trend similar to that
predicted previously using 20 micrometers monodisperse water droplets. The hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian numerical model
previously developed is generalized to include polydisperse distribution of drop sizes; however, the differences seen between
experiments and the numerical predictions at high water mass fractions could not be attributed to variation in size distribution
alone. Present experiments support the conclusions of an earlier modeling work that on a mass basis, fine water mist can be
as effective as the now-banned gaseous fire suppressant halon 1301. Inclusion of NaOH in water (up to 17.5% by mass) is
shown to significantly enhance the fire suppression ability of water by complementing its thermal effects with chemical
catalytic radical recombination effects of NaOH.
DTIC
Drops (Liquids); Extinction; Flames; Premixed Flames; Water

Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models for Groundwater Flow and Transport
Kelley, C T; Fowler, K R; Kees, C E; Jan 2003; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-02-1-0391; DAAD19-02-1-0111
Hardcopy
Non-Lipschitz continuous nonlinearities arise frequently in models for groundwater flow and species transport. The van
Genuchten and Mualem PSK relations for unsaturated flow and the Freundlich equilibrium expressions in reactive transport
are examples. Numerical methods such as nonlinear solvers based on Newton’s method, error estimators for differential
equations, and stepsize and order control methods for temporal integration, are designed for differentiable problems and may
fail when applied to nonsmooth nonlinear problems. In this paper we consider two approaches to this problem: (1) adding new
equations to smooth the nonlinearity and (2) approximating the nonlinearity with a smoother function, such as a spline. In both
cases, we replace the non-Lipschitz continuous functions with Lipschitz continuous, but sometimes non-differentiable,
nonlinearities. The mathematical properties of Lipschitz continuous nonlinear equations enable standard solvers to work well.
We will describe some recent theoretical advances that explain this success and use those results to justify a stepsize and error
control strategy for temporal integration. We illustrate the results with two computational examples.
DTIC
Ground Water; Simulation; Water Flow
352
A Finite Difference Approximation for a Coupled System of Nonlinear Size-Structured Populations
Ackleh, A S; Banks, H T; Deng, K; Jan 2000; 28 pp.; In English
We study a quasilinear nonlocal hyperbolic initial-boundary value problem that models the evolution of N size-structured
subpopulations competing for common resources. We develop an implicit finite difference scheme to approximate the solution
of this model. The convergence of this approximation to a unique bounded variation weak solution is obtained. The numerical
results for a special case of this model suggest that when subpopulations are closed under reproduction, one subpopulation
survives and the others go to extinction. Moreover, in the case of open reproduction, survival of more than one population is
possible.
DTIC
Approximation; Boundary Value Problems; Finite Difference Theory; Mathematical Models; Nonlinear Systems;
Nonlinearity; Populations
20060049258 Sandia National Labs., Livermore, CA USA

Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Premixed Flames
Im, Hong G; Chen, Jacqueline H; Aug 4, 2000; 9 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The effects of unsteady strain rate on the burning velocity of hydrogen/air premixed flames have been studied in an
opposed nozzle configuration. The numerical method employs adaptive time integration of a system of differential algebraic
equations. Detailed hydrogen/air kinetic mechanism and transport properties are considered. The equivalence ratio is varied
from lean to rich premixtures in order to change the effective Lewis number. Steady Markstein numbers for small strain rate
are computed and compared with experiment. Different definitions of flame burning velocity are examined under steady and
unsteady flow conditions. It is found that, as the unsteady frequency increases, large deviations between different flame speeds
are noted depending on the location of the flame speed evaluation. Unsteady flame response is investigated in terms of the
Markstein transfer function, which depends on the frequency of oscillation. In most cases, the flame speed variation attenuates
at higher frequencies, as the unsteady frequency becomes comparable to the inverse of the characteristic flame time.
Furthermore, unique resonance-like behavior is observed for a range of rich mixture conditions, consistent with previous
studies with linearized theory.
DTIC
Combustion; Hydrogen; Numerical Analysis; Premixed Flames; Turbulent Flow

Houston-Galveston Navigation Channels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Sedimentation Study, Phase 1
Tate, J N; Berger, R C; Aug 2006; 136 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The U.S. Army Engineer District, Galveston, has recently enlarged the Houston Ship Channel from a 40-ft (12.2-m) depth
by 400-ft (122-m) width to a 45-ft (13.7-m) depth by 530-ft (162-m) width. Previously, a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical
model study was implemented at the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center’s Coastal and Hydraulics
Laboratory to evaluate the salinity and circulation impact of this enlargement. The enlarged channel is nearly complete.
Preliminary evaluations indicate a higher than anticipated rate of deposition in the channel reach near Atkinson Island. The
purpose of this investigation was to determine if this new shoaling rate was a permanent feature of this new channel or a single
anomalous event. If this considerably larger deposition is a permanent condition then the planned disposal locations must be
expanded. The project will determine the possible effects on sedimentation in the channel based on dredging records, field
data, vessel effects, and hydrodynamic changes due to the channel’s enlargement.
DTIC
Houston (TX); Navigation; Sediments
353
Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima in Watershed Model Calibration
Skahill, Brian E; Doherty, John; Feb 2, 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The Gauss-Marquardt-Levenberg (GML) method of computer-based parameter estimation, in common with other
gradient-based approaches, suffers from the drawback that it may become trapped in local objective function minima, and thus
report ‘optimized’ parameter values that are not optimized at all. This can seriously degrade its utility in the calibration of
watershed models where local optima abound. Nevertheless, the method also has advantages, chief among these being its
model-run efficiency, and its ability to report useful information on parameter sensitivities and covariances as a by-product of
its use. It also is easily adapted to maintain this efficiency in the face of potential numerical problems caused by parameter
insensitivity and/or parameter correlation. The present paper presents two algorithmic enhancements to the GML method that
retain its strengths, but which overcome its weaknesses in the face of local optima. Using the first of these methods, an
‘intelligent search’ for better parameter sets is conducted in parameter subspaces of decreasing dimensionality when progress
of the parameter estimation process is slowed either by numerical instability incurred through problem ill-posedness, or when
a local objective function minimum is encountered. The second methodology minimizes the chance of successive GML
parameter estimation runs, finding the same objective function minimum by starting successive runs at points that are
maximally removed from previous parameter trajectories. As well as enhancing the ability of a GML-based method to find
the global objective function minimum, the latter technique also can be used to find the locations of many non-global optima
(should they exist) in parameter space. This can provide a useful means of inquiring into the well-posedness of a parameter
estimation problem, and for detecting the presence of bimodal parameter and predictive probability distributions.
DTIC
Algorithms; Calibrating; Computerized Simulation; Estimates; Hydrology Models; Independent Variables; Minima;
Parameter Identification; Watersheds

Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Riccati Equations
Chou, Kenneth C; Willsky, Alan S; Nikoukhah, Ramine; Jan 2006; 48 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-91-J-1004; MIP-9013281
Report No.(s): AD-A454279; LIDS-P-2152; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454279; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In [1] we introduced a class of multiscale dynamic models described in terms of scale-recursive state space equations on
a dyadic tree. An algorithm analogous to the Rauch-Tung-Striebel algorithm consisting of a fine-to-coarse Kalman-filter-like
sweep followed by a coarse-to-fine smoothing step was developed. In this paper we present a detailed system-theoretic
analysis of this filter and of the new scale-recursive Riccati equation associated with it. While this analysis is similar in spirit
to that for standard Kalman filters, the structure of the dyadic tree leads to several significant differences. In particular, the
structure of the Kalman filter error dynamics leads to the formulation of an ML version of the filtering equation and to a
corresponding smoothing algorithm based on triangularizing the Hamiltonian for the smoothing problem. In addition, the
notion of stability for dynamics requires some care, as do the concepts of reachability and observability. Using these
system-theoretic constructs we are then able to analyze the stability and steady-state behavior of the fine-to-coarse Kalman
filter and its Riccati equation.
DTIC
Algorithms; Kalman Filters; Riccati Equation

Conceptual Processes for Linking Eutrophication and Network Models
Tillman, Dorothy H; Cerco, Carl F; Noel, Mark R; Aug 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454401; ERDC-TN-SWWRP-06-9; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454401;
This three-year study investigates the coupling of eutrophication and network models, applies the results to a specific
problem, and recommends a general procedure for future endeavors in this area.
DTIC
Eutrophication; Partial Differential Equations
354
Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Infinite Domain
Lai, Ming-Chih; Li, Zhilin; Lin, Xiaobiao; Jan 2002; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): ARO-39676-MA; ARO-43751-MA
Hardcopy
In this paper, numerical methods are proposed for Poisson equations defined in a finite or in the infinite domain in three
dimensions. In the domain, there can exists an interface across which the flux and the solution are discontinuous. To deal with
the discontinuity in the source terms and in the flux, the original problem is transformed to a new one with a smooth solution.
Such a transformation can he carried out easily through an extension of the jumps along the normal direction if the interface
is expressed as the zero level set of a three dimensional function. An auxiliary sphere is used to separate the infinite region
into an interior and exterior domain. The Kelvin’s inversion is used to map the exterior domain into an interior domain. The
two Poisson equations defined in the interior and the exterior written in spherical coordinates are solved simultaneously. By
choosing the niesh size carefully and exploiting the fast Fourier transform, the resulting finite difference equations can he
solved efficiently. The approach in dealing with the interface has also been used with the artificial boundary condition
technique which truncates the infinite domain. Numerical results demonstrate second order accuracy of our algorithms.
DTIC
Finite Difference Theory; Poisson Equation

Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Compensators: A State-Dependent Riccati Equation Approach
Banks, H T; Lewis, B M; Tran, H T; Jan 2003; 43 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
See report.
DTIC
Controllers; Equations of State; Nonlinear Feedback; Riccati Equation

Addressing the Requirements for RF Photonics
Brost, George A; Aug 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-LINK
Report No.(s): AD-A454464; AFRL-SN-RS-TP-2006-11; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454464;
This paper addresses the relationship between system requirements and device specifications and figures of merit for RF
Photonic applications. This paper has focused on the optical modulator, as it is the key component in achieving the required
RF performance within the constraints of space-based platforms. The modulator transfer function can be used to express the
key parameters of the modulator, which are then used characterize the photonic link performance; G, NF, and IP3. Modulation
efficiency S is preferred over Vpi because it accounts for the insertion loss. The input IP3 can also be calculated directly from
the transfer function.
DTIC
Figure of Merit; Photonics; Radio Frequencies; Transfer Functions

Performance of the Shallow Water Equations on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Supercomputer
McBryan, Oliver A; Jan 1992; 14 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0422
We describe the implementation of a fluid dynamical benchmark on the 256 node SUPRENUM-1 parallel computer. The
benchmark, the Shallow Water Equations, is frequently used as a model for both oceanographic and atmospheric circulation.
We describe the steps involved in implementing the algorithm on the SUPRENUM-1 and we provide details of performance.
We have measured 4.95 Mflops (64-bit arithmetic) for single node performance, and 1200 Miflops aggregate performance with
355
256 nodes, at efficiencies up to 96%. This compares well with vector and MIMD supercomputers. Performance of 1530 Mflops
was measured for the same algorithm on the CRAY YMP/8, and 543 Mflops was measured on the 128-node Intel iPSC/860.
The SIMD Thinking Machines CM-200 delivers 5.25 Gflops (64-bit) and 8.09 Gflops (32-bit) for ii%e benchmark.
DTIC
Equations; Flow Equations; Fluid Dynamics; Shallow Water; Supercomputers

TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems
Using Tensor Methods
Bouaricha, Ali; Schnabel, Robert B; Oct 1994; 36 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): W-31-109-ENG-38; AFOSR-90-0109
This paper describes a modular software package for solving systems of nonlinear equations and nonlinear least squares
problems, using a new class of methods called tensor methods. It is intended for small to medium-sized problems, say with
up to 100 equations and unknowns in cases where it is reasonable to calculate the Jacobian matrix or approximate it by finite
differences at each iteration. The software allows the user to select between a tensor method and a standard method based upon
a linear model. The tensor method models F(x) by a quadratic model where the second-order term is chosen so that the model
is hardly more expensive to form, store, or solve than the standard linear model. Moreover, the software provides two different
global strategies, a line search and a two-dimensional trust region approach. Test results indicate that, in general, tensor
methods are significantly more efficient and robust than standard methods on small and medium-sized problems in iterations
and function evaluations.
DTIC
Applications Programs (Computers); Least Squares Method; Nonlinear Equations; Nonlinearity; Tensor Analysis; Tensors

Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Optimization Algorithm
Smith, Sharon L; Schnabel, Robert B; Nov 1992; 38 pp.; In English
This paper explores the use of dynamic scheduling strategies for irregular parallel algorithms in distributed memory
computational environments. The target application we consider is an adaptive asynchronous parallel algorithm with irregular
structure that is used to solve the global optimization problem. In this algorithm the number of tasks and their sizes may
change dynamically, so that dynamic scheduling is needed to insure that the workload is evenly distributed across the
processors. We consider three dynamic scheduling strategies for implementing this algorithm: centralized scheduling, which
uses a master-slave approach; distributed scheduling, which uses local information about processor workload to determine
when tasks should be requested from or sent to other processors; and a new hybrid approach that we refer to as centralized
mediation, that uses aspects of both centralized and distributed scheduling. The implementation of the global optimization
algorithm using the scheduling strategies is discussed, and their performance is thoroughly assessed through a combination
of analytic modeling, simulation, and distributed implementation. In these performance studies, the centralized mediation
strategy often exhibits the best performance for both different numbers of processors and different loading conditions.
DTIC
Algorithms; Scheduling; Synchronism

A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Method and Its Application to Lennard-Jones Problems
Byrd, Richard H; Eshow, Elizabeth; Schnabel, Robert B; Nov 1992; 20 pp.; In English
We describe a new stochastic global optimization algorithm that is oriented towards solving large scale problems, and
present the results of applying it to a class of problems in molecular chemistry. Our new algorithm incorporates some
full-dimensional random sampling and local minimizations as in existing stochastic methods, but the keys to its success are
two new phases that concentrate on selected small dimensional subproblems of the overall problem. These phases constitute
a major portion of the computational effort of the new method, and represent a significant departure from existing stochastic
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methods. Computational results on Lennard-Jones problems show that the new method is considerably more successful than
any other method that has tried to solve these problems without using prior knowledge of the solution structure in its
algorithm, and that our method finds the presumptive global minimizer in all cases with up to 90 variables as well as in some
larger cases. On the other hand, on most problems with over 100 variables, our method does not find as good a solution as
has been found by the best special purpose methods for Lennard-Jones problems. This illustrates the inherent difficulty of large
scale global optimization.
DTIC
Algorithms; Lennard-Jones Potential; Optimization; Stochastic Processes

O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Probabilities in DSMC
Ozawa, Takashi; Levin, D A; Jun 28, 2006; 7 pp.; In English
A chemical reaction model, suitable for use in the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, is developed to
simulate hypervelocity collisions of an important reaction in atmospheric-jet interactions ? O(3P)+HCI(1Σ+) →
OH(2Π)+C1(2P). The model utilizes the Quasi-Classical Trajectory (QCT) method with two potential energy surfaces (PES),
new benchmark triple A″ and A' surfaces [1] and London-Eyring-Polanyi-Sato (LEPS) PES.[2] The sensitivity of the flow to
the fidelity of the chemical model is investigated for the new QCT-derived model and the widely used Total Collision Energy
(TCE) model of Bird.[3] The adequacy of the total collision cross section is also considered, and to obtain accurate collision
cross sections, the Dynamic Molecular Collision model of Tokumasu and Matsumoto[4] is assumed and the collision cross
section is obtained by using the MD/QCT method with the aforementioned potential energy surfaces. The magnitude of the
inelastic cross section is small compared to the total cross section for both PESs. Therefore, MD/QCT VHS-equivalent
collision cross sections are obtained and along with the MD/QCT reaction cross sections are utilized in the full DSMC
calculation of the flow field. It is found that chemical reaction models do not affect the general flowfield, however, the OH
production rate is dependent on the chemical reaction model.
DTIC
Chemical Reactions; Computerized Simulation; Mathematical Models; Monte Carlo Method; Probability Theory

Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme for a Partially Observed Controlled Markov Chain
Fernandez-Gaucherand, Emmanuel; Arapostathis, Aristotle; Marcus, Steven I; Dec 1991; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-91-0033; NSF-CDR-8803012
The authors consider an adaptive finite state-controlled Markov chain with partial state information, motivated by a class
of replacement problems. They present parameter estimation techniques based on the information available after actions that
reset the state to a known value are taken. They prove that the parameter estimates converge w.p.1 to the true (unknown)
parameter, under the feedback structure induced by a certainty equivalent adaptive policy. They also show that the adaptive
policy is self-optimizing, in a long-run average sense, for any (measurable) sequence of parameter estimates converging w.p.1
to the true parameter.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Dynamic Programming; Estimates; Independent Variables; Markov Chains; Parameter Identification;
Stochastic Processes
20060049717 Advanced Fuel Research, Inc., East Hartford, CT USA

Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis
Markham, James; Bush, Patrick; Bonzani, Jr , Peter; Scire, Jr, James; Dec 2005; 236 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F40600-02-C-0018; Proj-OAFT
The Applied Technology Department at the Arnold Engineering Development Center (AEDC) of Arnold Air Force Base
developed a ‘technology vision’ for a rapid, continuous-sweep emissions measurement system that would provide cost-savings
benefits and added-value benefits to large-nozzle military engines under development. The project described in this report
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resulted in a critical component of a system that was demonstrated to accomplish the multiple-species emissions survey of a
full nozzle exit within the spatial resolution required by the regulatory agencies within a ten-minute time scale. At the pace
emission measurement requirements were accomplished, there was no impact to other engine test objectives. The impact to
this and future development engine test programs in terms of avoiding the cost of additional test time is significant. The critical
component now available as a result of this project is an advanced prototype Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) gas analyzer.
Successful advanced development of the instrumentation hardware and software improved the measurement capabilities for
advanced turbine engine programs, and for other applications in the Air Force and private sector. On-site demonstration trials
are reported at the AEDC Aeropropulsion Systems Test Facility, at the AEDC Tunnel 9, and at facilities in the private sector.
DTIC
Fourier Transformation; Gas Analysis; Gas Turbines; Infrared Spectra; Infrared Spectroscopy; Turbine Engines

A Concise Physical Interpretation of Several Analytical Grueneisen Formulations
Segletes, Steven B; Aug 2006; 28 pp.; In English
A novel method is presented for deriving the Grueneisen formulations of three classical Grueneisen models. Unlike past
studies which have attempted to differentiate between these Grueneisen models on the basis of Poisson ration arguments, the
current approach employs elementary vibration analysis to reach its conclusions. The current approach provides a physical
insight into how the models’ underlying assumptions are responsible for the analytical distinctions between the models.
DTIC
Differential Equations; Thermodynamic Properties

The Continuous Ranked Probability Score for Circular Variables and its Application to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble
Verification
Grimit, Eric P; Gneiting, Tilmann; Berrocal, Veronica; Johnson, Nicholas A; Jan 2006; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0745; NSF-0134264
An analogue of the linear continuous ranked probability score is introduced that applies to probabilistic forecasts of
circular quantities. This scoring rule is proper and thereby discourages hedging. The circular continuous ranked probability
score reduces to angular distance when the forecast is deterministic, just as the linear continuous ranked probability score
generalizes the absolute error. Furthermore, the continuous ranked probability score provides a direct way of comparing
deterministic forecasts, discrete forecast ensembles, and post-processed forecast ensembles that can take the form of
probability density functions. The circular continuous ranked probability score is used in this study to assess predictions of
10 m wind direction for 361 cases of mesoscale, short-range ensemble forecasts over the North American Paci c Northwest.
Reference probability forecasts based on the ensemble mean and its forecast error history over the period outperform
probability forecasts constructed directly from the ensemble sample statistics. These results suggest that short-term forecast
uncertainty is not yet well predicted at mesoscale resolutions near the surface, despite the inclusion of multi-scheme physics
diversity and surface boundary parameter perturbations in the mesoscale ensemble design.
DTIC
Forecasting; Mesometeorology; Mesoscale Phenomena; Probability Density Functions; Probability Theory; Proving;
Weather Forecasting

Frames Generated by Subspace Addition
Pati, Y C; Jan 1991; 12 pp.; In English
Given two subspaces M and N of a Hilbert space, and frames associated with each of the subspaces, the question
addressed in this report is that of determining when the union of the two frames is a frame for the direct sum space M circle
plus N. The author provides sufficient conditions for the union of the two frames to be a frame for M circle plus N and also
estimates for the frame bounds. The results discussed here are given in terms of the relative geometry of subspaces. Some
358
simple examples in which the frame bounds can be explicitly computed are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the frame
bound estimates.
DTIC
Geometry; Hilbert Space

Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Optimal Movement
Krishnaprasad, P S; Yang, R; Jan 1991; 7 pp.; In English
In the search for useful strategies for movement of robotic systems (e.g., manipulators, platforms) in constrained
environments (e.g., in space, underwater), there appear to be new principles emerging from a deeper geometric understanding
of optimal movements of nonholonomically constrained systems. In this work, the authors have exploited some new formulas
for geometric phase shifts to derive effective control strategies. The theory of connections in principal bundles provides the
proper framework for questions of the type addressed in this paper. They outline the essentials of this theory. A related optimal
control problem and its localizations are also considered.
DTIC
Control; Geometry; Motion; Optimization; Phase Shift; Robotics

On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with Outliers and Missing Observations
Sadler, Brian M; Casey, Stephen D; Jan 23, 1996; 32 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-94-1-0196; AMSRL-IS-TA
Analysis of periodic pulse trains based on time of arrival is considered, with perhaps very many missing observations and
contaminated data. A period estimator is developed based on a modified Euclidean algorithm. This algorithm is a
computationally simple, robust method for estimating the greatest common divisor of a noisy contaminated data set. The
resulting estimate, while not maximum likelihood, is used as initialization in a three-step algorithm that achieves the
Cramer-Rao bound for moderate noise levels, as shown by comparing Monte Carlo results with the Cramer-Rao bounds. An
extension using multiple independent data records is also developed that overcomes high levels of contamination.
DTIC
Algorithms; Pulse Modulation; Spacing

Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Chaos in Dynamical Systems
Abed, Eyad H; Wang, Hua O; Jan 1993; 24 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0015; F49620-93-1-0186
Feedback control of bifurcation and chaos in nonlinear dynamical system is discussed. Open problems in bifurcation
control are noted. The past two decades have witnessed a steadily increasing appreciation of nonlinear dynamics across a broad
range of disciplines. Applications of bifurcation and chaos have appeared in many areas of science, engineering, and the social
sciences. The main purpose of this article is to discuss the role which nonlinear dynamics has played in the cross-disciplinary
field of automatic control. The article also discusses in some detail the analysis and control of period-doubling bifurcations,
and application to control of the associated route to chaos. Thoughts on some open problems are given, emphasizing the
needed interplay between nonlinear dynamics and control theory.
DTIC
Chaos; Control; Control Theory; Dynamical Systems; Feedback; Feedback Control; Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinearity

A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Constrained Optimization
Celis, M R; Dennis, Jr , J E; Tapia, R A; Sep 1984; 14 pp.; In English
359
Many current algorithms for - nonlinear constrained optimization problems determine a direction by solving a quadratic
programming subproblem. The global convergence properties are addressed by using a line search technique and a merit
function to modify the length of the step obtained from the quadratic program. In unconstrained optimization trust regions
strategies have been very successful. In this paper we present a new approach for equality constrained optimization problems
based on a trust region strategy. The direction selected is not necessarily the solution of the standard quadratic programming
subproblem.
DTIC
Algorithms; Quadratic Programming

A Memoryless Augmented Gauss-Newton Method for Nonlinear Least-Squares Problems
Dennis, Jr , J E; Songbai, Sheng; Vu, Phuong A; Feb 1985; 26 pp.; In English
In this paper, we develop, analyze, and test a new algorithm for nonlinear least-squares problems. The algorithm uses a
BFGS update of the Gauss-Newton Hessian when some hueristics indicate that the Gauss-Newton method may not make a
good step. Some important elements are that the secant or quasi-Newton equations considered are not the obvious ones, and
the method does not build up a Hessian approximation over several steps. The algorithm can be implemented easily as a
modification of any Gauss-Newton code, and it seems to be useful for large residual problems.
DTIC
Algorithms; Least Squares Method; Newton Methods; Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinearity

Modeling of Impact on a Flexible Beam
Wei, Q F; Krishnaprasad, P S; Dayawansa, W P; Jan 1993; 18 pp.; In English
High-precision control of robotic manipulators has been becoming increasingly important in a variety of applications
(e.g., laser beam technology, semiconductor wafer manufacturing, etc.). This requires paying extra attention to the usual
dynamical effects as well as taking into consideration otherwise ignored features such as dynamical effects due to impact. The
authors consider the problem of modeling the dynamical effects of impact of an elastic body on a flexible beam. They derive
a nonlinear integral equation by using Hertz’s law of impact in conjunction with the beam equation. This equation does not
admit a closed-form solution. They demonstrate the existence of solutions, derive a reliable numerical method for computing
solutions, and compare the numerical results with those obtained by others. For the sake of simplicity, they only consider an
elastic beam subject to impact forces occurring from contact with an elastic body. Here they restrict attention to the problem
of modeling, existence of solutions to the model, and the computational aspects. Issues such as how to control the manipulators
to minimize the spurious effects due to impact will be addressed in the future.
DTIC
Differential Equations; Elastic Bodies; Elastic Properties; Impact Loads; Robotics

Optimal Control and Poisson Reduction
Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1993; 18 pp.; In English
In this paper, the author has worked out explicitly the Poisson reduction of certain G-invariant optimal control problems
on Lie groups. The approach presented yields an algorithm for constructing regular extremals.
DTIC
Algorithms; Control; Hamiltonian Functions; Lie Groups; Nonlinear Systems; Optimal Control; Optimization; Poisson
Equation
360
Fast Video Stabilization Algorithms
Alharbi, Mohammed A; Jun 2006; 139 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
A fast and robust electronic video stabilization algorithm is presented in this thesis. It is based on a two-dimensional
feature-based motion estimation technique. The method tracks a small set of features and estimates the movement of the
camera between consecutive frames. It is used to characterize the motions accurately including camera rotations between two
imaging instants. An affine motion model is utilized to determine the parameters of translation and rotation between images.
The determined affine transformation is then exploited to compensate for the abrupt temporal discontinuities of input image
sequences. Also, a frequency domain approach is developed to estimate translations between two consecutive frames in a
video sequence. Finally, a jitter detection technique to isolate vibration affected subsequence of an image sequence is
presented. The experimental results of using both simulated and real images have revealed the applicability of the proposed
techniques. In particular, the emphasis has been to develop real time implementable algorithms, suitable for unmanned
vehicles with severe payload constraints.
DTIC
Algorithms; Video Communication
65
STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY
Includes data sampling and smoothing; Monte Carlo method; time series analysis; and stochastic processes.

On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimination
Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Chau, Yawgene A; Jan 1987; 45 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; NSF-CDR88-03012
Hardcopy
Target discrimination problems are modeled as the testing of binary hypotheses characterized by continuous-time
observations which (i) consist of distinct signals in additive white Gaussian noise, or (ii) are the output of stochastic dynamical
systems driven by white Gaussian noise, and in both cases have paflially known statistics. In particular, the signals in the first
model, the parameters of the dynamical systems in the second model, and the autocorrelation functions of the noise in both
models belong to one of the following distinct uncertainty classes: classes determined by 2-alternating capacities and classes
with minimum or maximum elements. Robust discrimination tests with a fixed observation interval and sequential tests are
derived whose likelihood ratios depend on the least-favorable palrs of parameters in the aforementioned uncertainty classes
and are shown to have an acceptable level of performance despite the uncertainty. For tests with a fixed observation interval
the performance measures considered are the actual error probabilities and the chernoff upper bounds on them; the latter are
shown to preserve their desirable asymptotic properties in the presence of the unceflainties. For sequential tests the
performance measures are the error probabilities and the average required length of the observation interval under each
hypothesis.
DTIC
Random Noise; Target Recognition; Time Discrimination

Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block and Sequential Detection in Uncertain Environments
Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1987; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; NSF-CDR-85-00108
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Two detectors making independent observations must decide which one of two hypotheses is true. Both fixed-sample.size
(block) detection and sequential detection are considered. The decisions are coupled through a common cost function which
for tests with fixed sample size consists of the sum of the error probabilities while for sequential tests it comprises the sum
of the error probabilities and the expected sample sizes. The probability measures which govern the statistics of the i.i.d.
361
observations belong to uncertainty classes determined by 2-alternating capacities.
DTIC
Discrete Functions; Probability Distribution Functions; Sequential Analysis

Pattern Search Methods in the Presence of Degeneracy
Abramson, Mark A; Brezhneva, Olga A; Dennis, Jr, J E; Jan 2003; 23 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This paper deals with generalized pattern search (GPS) algorithms for linearly constrained optimization. At each iteration,
the GPS algorithm generates a set of directions that conforms to the geometry of any nearby linear constraints. This set is then
used to construct trial points to be evaluated during the iteration. In previous work, Lewis and Torczon developed a scheme
for computing the conforming directions, but it assumed no degeneracy near the current iterate. The contribution of this paper
is to provide a detailed algorithm for constructing the set of directions whether or not the constraints are degenerate. One
difficulty in the degenerate case is in classifying constraints as redundant and nonredundant. We give a short survey of the main
definitions and methods for treating redundancy and propose an approach to identify nonredundant ’-active constraints, which
may be useful for other active set algorithms. We also introduce a new approach for handling nonredundant linearly dependent
constraints, which maintains GPS convergence properties without significantly increasing computational cost. Some simple
numerical tests illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. We conclude by briefly considering the extension of our ideas to
nonlinear constraints with linearly dependent constraint gradients.
DTIC
Algorithms; Global Positioning System; Numerical Analysis

Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering and Associated Random Variables
Bacelli, Francois; Makowski, Armand M; Jan 1987; 21 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSF-ECS-83-51836
A03, Hardcopy
This paper presents several relationships between the notion of associated random variables and notions of stochastic
ordering that have appeared in the literature over the years. More concretely, the discussion centers around the following
question: Under which conditions does the association of the IR-valued RV’s {X(sub 1),...,X(sub n)} imply a possible ordering
in some stochastic sense between the IR(exp n)-valued RV X := (X(sub 1),...,X(sub n)) and its independent version X bar:=
(X bar(sub 1),...,X bar(sub n))? Some of the results in that direction are as follows: (i) These IR(exp n)-valued RV’s are
comparable in either one of the orderings \h=st, \h=ci and \h=cv iff they are identical in law, and (ii) If the RV’s {X(sub
1),...,X(sub n)} are associated, certain comparison properties hold for the stochastic orderings \h=D, \h=K and \h=L defined
in D. Stoyan (1983). Strengthening of result (i) leads to the following results on the stochastic ordering properties of IR(exp
n)-valued RV’s X and Y with identical mean: (j) The RV’s X and Y are comparable for \h=st iff they are identical in law, and
(jj) If X \h=D Y (resp. X \h=K Y), then X and Y are comparable for \h=ci (resp. \h=cv) iff they are identical in law. These
and related results are given direct applications to queueing theory and to the asymptotics of associated random variables. In
the process of answering this question, several results were obtained that indicate how multi-dimensional probability
distributions are determined by conditions on their one-dimensional marginal distributions in the event of stochastic
comparisons. Several interesting consequences of Theorems 1-4 are presented. The first application is given in the context of
Fork-Join (FJ) queue models that arise in many application areas, including flexible manufacturing and parallel processing.
Other applications involve bounds on the tail behavior of the maximum of associated RV’s and monotone functions.
DTIC
Parallel Processing (Computers); Queueing Theory; Random Variables; Stochastic Processes

Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly-Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Process
Gubner, John; Narayan, Prakash; Jan 1985; 16 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N0001485-G-0102
A03, Hardcopy
362
The authors consider the problem of estimating the rate of a doubly-stochastic, time-space Poisson process when the
observations are restricted to a region D reflex subset contained in R(exp 2). In the general case, they obtain a representation
of the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) estimate in terms of the conditional characteristic function of an underlying state
process. In the case D = R(exp 2), they extend a known result to compute the MMSE estimate explicitly. For a special form
of the rate process, a well-defined integral equation is presented which defines the linear MMSE estimate of the rate.
DTIC
Errors; Estimates; Laser Beams; Linear Filters; Mean Square Values; Nonlinear Filters; Optical Communication;
Photometers; Poisson Density Functions; Receivers; Stochastic Processes
20060048768 BAE Systems, Burlington, MA USA

DARPA Integrated Sensing and Processing (ISP) Program. Approximation Methods for Markov Decision Problems in
Sensor Management
Schneider, Michael K; Nedich, Angelina; Castanon, David; Washburn, Bob; Jun 2006; 115 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-02-C-1197; Proj-ARPS
Report No.(s): AD-A453568; BAE SYSTEMS-TR-1620; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453568;
This work addresses problems of sensor resource management (SRM) in which one or more sensors obtain measurements
of the state of one or more targets. For example, an airborne radar may be attempting to track several ground targets, which
are sometimes stationary (requiring a synthetic aperture radar mode) and sometimes moving (requiring a ground moving target
indication radar mode). The challenge is to schedule the radar modes as the scenario evolves. Such problems can generally
be formulated as partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), which can express essential characteristics of the
SRM problem such as uncertainty and dynamics. This work emphasizes a farsighted approach; the highest long-term payoff
may not be generated by the action providing the highest immediate payoff. Accomplishments of this effort include the
establishment of a boundary on optimal SRM performance, analysis of farsighted SRM strategies for controlling a multimode
sensor, and the derivation of a novel set of sufficient conditions for optimality in Markov decision processes.
DTIC
Algorithms; Approximation; Detection

LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Telescope’s Adaptive Optics System
Paris, Neil D; Mar 2006; 252 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453704; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-45; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A12, Hardcopy
The Air Force Research Laboratory has sponsored research on the tracking control loop portion of the adaptive optics
system in the Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter telescope at Kirtland Air Force Base. The control loop includes two steering
mirrors (Coarse Steering Mirror and Fine Steering Mirror) used to remove wavefront tilt and tip phase distortion from light
entering the telescope. The objective of this research is to design a single Linear Quadratic Gaussian controller to control both
steering mirrors in order to eliminate wavefront tilt and tip distortions induced by the earth’s atmosphere, and to evaluate the
stability robustness and performance of the controller through simulation and Monte Carlo analysis. Controller design
elements and simulation parameters are varied to examine and compare resulting performance and robustness characteristics.
The controller design is limited to the use of linear models even though components within the control loop have some
nonlinear characteristics; however, consideration has been given to the nonlinear aspects of the system via the simulation
environment in order to observe the linear controller in a near-real-world environment.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Adaptive Optics; Attitude (Inclination); Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control; Telescopes

Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clutter Statistics
Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Sep 29, 2005; 6 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453721; AFRL-SN-HS-JA-2004-0284; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
The author addresses the impact of diverse polarisations on clutter statistics in the context of waveform diversity for
multifunctional operation from a specific platform as well as for multiple sensing from multiple platforms. A key issue in this
363
context is that of clutter mitigation via the use of diverse waveforms. Classical space time adaptive processing (STAP)
methods for radar target detection can be viewed in the context of a whiten and match filter. To this end, efficient waveforms
that lend themselves for such processing are sought. The author specifically considers a statistical analysis of experimental data
collected at low grazing angles to validate the fact that vertical transmit vertical receive (VV) polarised data conform to
Rayleigh scatter, whereas horizontal transmit horizontal receive data do not. Consequently, VV data are suitable for whiten
and match processing adopted in conventional radar STAP.
DTIC
Clutter; Radar; Statistical Analysis

Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabilities of STAP Detectors - the AMF
Srinivasan, Rajan; Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Sep 2005; 11 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453722; AFRL-SN-HS-JA-2005-0182; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center
(DTIC)
This paper is an initial attempt to harness the power of adaptive importance sampling techniques for estimating false alarm
probabilities of space-time adaptive radar detectors. Fast simulation using importance sampling has been notably successful
in the study of conventional constant false alarm rate radar detectors, and in several other applications. The principal task here
is to examine the viability of using importance sampling methods for STAP detection. Though a modest beginning, the
adaptive matched filter detection algorithm is analyzed successfully using fast simulation. Two biasing methods are proposed
in this paper. One of them known as the g-method is shown to yield excellent results. The important problem of detector
threshold determination is also addressed, with matching outcome. The work reported here serves to pave the way to
development of more advanced estimation techniques that can facilitate design of powerful and robust detection algorithms
designed to counter hostile and heterogenous clutter environments.
DTIC
Detectors; False Alarms; Probability Theory; Radar; Space-Time Adaptive Processing

Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body Systems
Austin, Mark; Krishnaprasad, P S; Wang, L -S; Jan 1991; 38 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; AFOSR-90-0105
Report No.(s): AD-A453799; SRC-TR-91-45R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In this paper we discuss the numerical integration of Lie-Poisson Systems using the mid- point rule. Since such systems
result from the reduction of hamiltonian systems with symmetry by Lie group actions, we also present examples of
reconstruction rules for the full dynamics. A primary motivation is to preserve in the integration process, various conserved
quantities of the original dynamics. A main result of this paper is an O(h(exp 3)) error estimate for the Lie-Poisson structure
where h is the integration step-size. We note that Lie-Poisson systems appear naturally in many areas of physical science and
engineering, including theoretical mechanics of fluids and plasmas, satellite dynamics, and polarization dynamics. In the
present paper we consider a series of progressively complicated examples related to rigid body systems. We also consider a
dissipative example associated to a Lie- Poisson system. The behavior of the mid-point rule and an associated reconstruction
rule is numerically explored.
DTIC
Mathematical Models; Numerical Integration; Poisson Density Functions; Rigid Structures

Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Dimensional Domains Using Squid Based NDE System
Banks, H T; Kojima, F; Jan 2002; 32 pp.; In English
Problems on the identification of two-dimensional spatial domains arising in the detection and characterization of material
damage are considered. For electromagnetic nondestructive evaluation systems, observations of the magnetic flux from the
front surface are used in a output least-square approach. Parameter estimation techniques based on the method of mappings
are discussed and approximation schemes are developed applying a finite-element Galerkin approach. Theoretical convergence
364
results for computational techniques are given and results are applied to numerical experiments to demonstrate the efficacy
of the proposed schemes.
DTIC
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics; Damage; Domains; Nondestructive Tests; SQUID (Detectors)

Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densities
Husemann, Joyce A; Apr 1986; 110 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG29-85-K-0212; N00014-85-K-0100
One-dimensional fixed-interval histogram estimators of univariate probability density functions are less efficient than the
analogous variable-interval estimators which are constructed from intervals whose lengths are determined by the criterion of
integrated mean squared error (lMSE) minimization. Similarly, two-dimensional fixed-cell-size histogram estimators of
bivariate probability density functions are less efficient than variable cell size estimators whose cell sizes are determined from
IMSE minimization. Only estimators whose cell sides are parallel to the coordinate axes are examined. The estimators are
classified according to the functional dependence of their cell dimensions upon x and y : each cell dimension of the Minimally
Restricted Mesh depends upon both x and y ; one cell dimension of the Semi-fixed-dimension Mesh is fixed, and the other
depends upon either x alone or y alone; one cell dimension of the Variable-dimension Mesh I depends upon x and the other
upon y; one cell dimension of the Variable-dimension Mesh II depends upon x alone or y alone and the other depends upon
both x and y. The Minimally Restricted Mesh results in the smallest IMSE of the four types, but is not implementable. The
other meshes are implementable and are listed above in order of decreasing IMSE. Random vectors from Dirichlet, mixed
bivariate and elliptical bivariate normal distributions were generated and used to construct optimal histograms. The
Variable-dimension Mesh II produced histograms having IMSEs from 20 to 9O percent smaller than those from histograms
based upon optimal fixed-dimension meshes. The most substantial improvements were observed for mixed bivariate normal
densities having strongly unequal variances. Modest improvements (20%) were observed for skewed densities and slightly
elliptical densities, but no improvements were observed in cases of highly elliptical densities whose axes were rotated 45%
from the coordinate axes.
DTIC
Bivariate Analysis; Histograms; Probability Density Functions
20060048994 Tulane Univ., New Orleans, LA USA

A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Prediction
Barbu, Costin; Valent, Philip; Richardson, Michael; Abelev, Andrei; Plant, Nathaniel; Jan 2004; 9 pp.; In English; Original
Predicting the degree of burial of mines in soft sediments is one of the main concerns of Naval Mine CounterMeasures
(MCM) operations This is a difficult problem to solve due to uncertainties and variability of the sediment parameters(i.e.
density and shear strength) and of the mine state at contact with the seafloor (i.e. vertical and horizontal velocity, angular
rotation rate and pitch angle at the mudline). A stochastic approach is proposed in this paper to better incoporate the dynamic
nature of free-falling cylindrical mines in the modeling of impact burial. The orientation, trajectory and velocity of cylindrical
mines, after about 4 meters free-fall in the water column, are very strongly influenced by boundary layer effects causing quite
chaotic behavior. The model’s convolution of the uncertainty through its nonlinearity is addressed by employing Monte Carlo
simulations. Finally, a risk analysis based on the probability of encountering an undetectable mine is performed.
DTIC
Countermeasures; Models; Monte Carlo Method; Probability Density Functions
20060048999 Naval Research Lab., Stennis Space Center, MS USA

Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Predictions
Abelev, Andrei V; Valent, Philip J; Feb 11, 2004; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The paper presents results of 21 deployments of an instrumented, mine-like cylinder over soft cohesive sediment seafloor
at two sites. The focus of this work is the sediment penetration phase. The paper gives a statistical description of the sediment
penetration dynamics and compares the observed behavior with predictions from an impact burial software package. It is
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shown that, due to simplifications and assumptions adopted in the package, the predictions are only marginally acceptable in
describing the experimentally observed motions, orientations and amount of burial. It is further shown that extending the
currently two-dimensional formulation of the predictive software may not result in significant improvements of the overall
predictions of impact burial. It is argued that such improvements may only be achieved through a more accurate constitutive
model of the deforming sediment.
DTIC
Computer Programs; Models; Sediments; Statistical Analysis

The Determination of Remaining Satellite Propellant Using Measured Moments of Inertia
Geitgey, Jason W; Jun 2006; 163 pp.; In English
This research is designed to demonstrate that a change in satellite propellant can be determined using measured moments
of inertia (MOI) from a satellite. Because satellites are currently incapable of being refueled in orbit it is important to have
multiple methods to determine the remaining fuel onboard. This research can also support satellite operator selection of
control-system gains to improve performance or recover the spacecraft. To meet the research objectives, new mathematical
models of the Air Force Institute of Technology’s Simulated Satellite (SimSat) were developed. These models were created
using dynamic response analysis techniques on the reaction wheel and SimSat systems. The models were than validated
against the existing SimSat hardware. Using a least-squares parameter estimation technique, the model and hardware data were
compared to determine the resulting change in measured MOI. Then, using a calibrated baseline model, telemetry data was
compared to the model to determine the MOI of the unknown system. The research found it is possible to determine the change
in satellite fuel from measured MOI. The research also found there are limits to this detection technique based on the accuracy
of the mathematical model and the angle of the detection maneuver being performed.
DTIC
Least Squares Method; Moments of Inertia; Orbits; Propellants

Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogeneity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interference Backgrounds
Rangaswamy, Muralidhar; Jun 2005; 12 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
We derive the nonhomogeneity detector (NHD) for non-Gaussian interference scenarios and present a statistical analysis
of the method. The non-Gaussian interference scenario is assumed to be modeled by a spherically invariant random process
(SIRP). We present a method for selecting representative (homogeneous) training data based on our statistical analysis of the
NHD for finite sample support used in covariance estimation. In particular, an exact theoretical expression for the NHD test
statistic probability density function (PDF) is derived. Performance analysis of the NHD is presented using both simulated data
and measured data from the multichannel airborne radar measurement (MCARM) program. A performance comparison with
existing NHD approaches is also included.
DTIC
Detectors; Inhomogeneity; Statistical Analysis

A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Standards (The National Shipbuilding Research
Program)
Bunch, Howard M; Sep 1989; 13 pp.; In English
A03, Hardcopy
This paper is a presentation of the results of a study conducted at a U.S. Navy shipyard during 1987 concerning the
relationship between engineering standards and the variances that were occurring in production budget and charged manhours.
The 10 engineering standards having the greatest manhour variances were examined. These standards, as a group, accounted
for ahout 62 percent of the manhour variance that was reported during the first nine months of 1987. The study indicated that,
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with one exception, all of the standards were ‘generic’ in their application, i.e., they can be applied over a wide range of job
orders. The study also concluded that engineered standards are only partially responsible for the production variance.
DTIC
Analysis of Variance; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards

Steering Policies for Markov Decision Processes Under a Recurrence Condition
Ma, Dye-Jyu; Makowski, Armand M; Jan 1988; 28 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSF-ECS83-51836
This paper presents a class of adaptive policies in the context of Markov decision processes (MDP’s) with long-run
average performance measures. Under a recurrence condition, the proposed policy alternates between two stationary policies
so as to adaptively track a sample average cost to a desired value. Direct sample path arguments are presented for investigating
the convergence of sample average costs and the performance of the adaptive policy is discussed. The obtained results are
particularly useful in discussing constrained MDP’s with a single constraint. Applications include a wide class of constrained
MDP’s with finite state space (Beutler and Ross 1985), an optimal flow control problem (Ma and Makowski 1987) and an
optimal resource allocation problem (Nain and Ross 1986).
DTIC
Markov Processes; Policies; Steering
20060049668 New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY USA

On Minimax Robust Data Fusion
Geraniotis, E; Chau, Y A; Jan 1988; 22 pp.; In English
In this paper, minimax robust data fusion schemes based on discrete-time observations with statistical uncertainty aie
considered. The observations are assumed to be i.i.d and the decisions of all sensors independent when conditioned on the
either of two hypotheses. The statistics of the observations are only known to belong to uncertainty classes deternined by
2-alternating Choquet capacities. Both cases of fixed-sample-size (block) data fusion and sequential data fusion are examined.
For specific performance measures, three robust fusion rules: suboptimal, optimal and asymptotically optimal --as the number
of sensors increases--are derived for the block data fusion case, and an asymptotically robust fusion rule is derived for the
sequential data fusion case; these fusion rules are optimal in the class of rules employing likelihood ratio tests. In all situations
the robust ftsion rule makes use of likelihood ratios and thresholds which depend on the least-favorable probability
distributions in the uncertainty class. In the limit of a large ruimber of sensors, it is shown that the same threshold can be used
by all sensors, which in turn simplifies the overall computation.
DTIC
Minimax Technique; Multisensor Fusion

Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Systems in Correlated Noise with Non-Gaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic
Behavior of the Difference Between the MMSE and LMSE Estimates
Sowers, Richard B; Makowski, Armand M; Jan 1989; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSF-CDR88-03012; NSF-ECS83-51836
We consider the one-step prediction problem for discrete-time linear systems in correlated plant and observation noises,
and non-Gaussian initial conditions. We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the expected square Et of the difference
between the MMSE and LMMSE (or Kalman) estimates of the state given past observations. We characterize the hrnit of the
error seqnence {Et, t = 0,1,...) and obtain some related rates of convergence, with complete analysis being provided for the
scalar case. The discussion is based on the explicit representations which were obtained by the authors in [ , ] for the MMSE
and LMMSE estimates, and which explicitly display the dependence of these quantities on the initial distribution.
DTIC
Asymptotic Properties; Estimates; Kalman Filters; Linear Systems
367
Monitoring Employment Conditions of Military Spouses
Lim, Nelson; Golinelli, Daniela; Jan 2006; 50 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0004
Decisions to enlist and especially to remain in the military are often not made alone. Most of the 1.4 million active-duty
members are married, and they must consider the interests of their spouses when deciding whether or not to remain in the
military. Spouses, in turn, will be influenced by their own civilian opportunities as circumscribed by the members’ military
life. Most spouses of active-duty personnel are active in the labor market (i.e., employed or seeking work). This status means
civilian employment opportunities will affect how members view military life and how willing they are to continue committing
their families to military life. The issues of military spouses in the labor market are therefore critical ones for retention of
military members. Military spouses, however, confront substantial obstacles to finding work and developing their own careers.
Their unemployment rates are higher than those for civilian counterparts, and most military spouses perceive that being a
military spouse adversely affects their work opportunities. As part of the continuing research on the quality of life of military
families, the RAND Corporation was asked to explore how to optimally use current data sources to monitor employment
conditions of military spouses, and to determine if additional data sources are necessary. This document presents RAND’s
research on developing employment statistics for military spouses. Developing these statistics would require determining the
following: (1) valid measures of labor market conditions for military spouses, and (2) a sample of sufficient size to allow
generalization to the population of military spouses.
DTIC
Data Acquisition; Employment; Military Personnel; Statistics

Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mixture Estimation and Model-Based Clustering
Fraley, Chris; Raftery, Adrian E; Aug 4, 2005; 57 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-10745; NIH-8-R01-EB002137-02
Normal mixture models are widely used for statistical modeling of data, including cluster analysis. However maximum
likelihood estimation (MLE) for normal mixtures using the EM algorithm may fail as the result of singularities or
degeneracies. To avoid this, we propose replacing the MLE by a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator, also found by the
EM algorithm. For choosing the number of components and the model parameterization, we propose a modified version of
BIC, where the likelihood is evaluated at the MAP instead of the MLE. We use a highly dispersed proper conjugate prior,
containing a small fraction of one observation’s worth of information. The resulting method avoids degeneracies and
singularities, but when these are not present it gives similar results to the standard method using MLE, EM and BIC.
DTIC
Bayes Theorem; Mathematical Models; Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Sharpness
Gneiting, Tilmann; Balabdaoui, Fadoua; Raftery, Adrian E; May 2005; 32 pp.; In English
Probabilistic forecasts of a continuous variable take the form of predictive densities or predictive cumulative distribution
functions. We propose a diagnostic approach to the evaluation of predictive performance that is based on the paradigm of
maximizing the sharpness of the predictive distributions subject to calibration. Calibration refers to the statistical consistency
between the distributional forecasts and the observations and is a joint property of the predictions and the events that
materialize. Sharpness refers to the concentration of the predictive distributions and is a property of the forecasts only. A
simple game-theoretic framework allows us to distinguish probabilistic calibration, exceedance calibration and marginal
calibration. We propose and study tools for checking calibration and sharpness, among them the probability integral transform
(PIT) histogram, marginal calibration plots, the sharpness diagram and proper scoring rules. The diagnostic approach is
illustrated by an assessment and ranking of probabilistic forecasts of wind speed at the Stateline wind energy center in the US
Pacific Northwest. In combination with cross-validation or in the time series context, our proposal provides very general,
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nonparametric alternatives to the use of information criteria for model diagnostics and model selection.
DTIC
Calibrating; Forecasting; Probability Theory

Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases
Fu, Jyun-Horng; Abed, Eyad H; Feb 1990; 33 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSFD-CDR-8803012
Liapunov functions are constructed for nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations whose linearized system at an
equilibrium point possesses either a simple zero eigenvalue or a complex conjugate pair of simple, pure imaginary
eigenvalues. The construction is explicit, and yields parametrized families of Liapunov functions for such systems. In the case
of a zero eigenvalue, the Liapunov functions contain quadratic and cubic terms in the state. Quartic terms appear as well for
the case of a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. Predictions of local asymptotic stability using these Liapunov functions are
shown to coincide with those of pertinent bifurcation-theoretic calculations. The development of this paper is carried out using
elementary properties of multilinear functions. The Liapunov function families thus obtained are amenable to symbolic
computer coding.
DTIC
Liapunov Functions; Nonlinear Systems; Symbolic Programming

Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Processes With Average Cost Criterion: A Survey
Arapostathis, Aristotle; Borkar, Vivek S; Fernandez-Gaucherand, Emmanuel; Ghosh, Mrinal K; Marcus, Steven I; Mar 31,
1992; 71 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-91-0033; F49620-92-J-0045
This work is a survey of the average cost control problem for discrete time Markov processes. We have attempted to put
together a comprehensive account of the considerable research on this problem over the past three decades. Our exposition
ranges from finite to Borel state and action spaces and includes a variety of methodologies to find and characterize optimal
policies. We have included a brief historical perspective of the research efforts in this area and have compiled a substantial
yet not exhaustive bibliography. We have also identified several important questions which are still left open to investigation.
DTIC
Cost Analysis; Costs; Markov Processes; Surveys

Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Model-Based Segmentation of Microarray Images
Li, Qunhua; Fraley, Chris; Bumgarner, Roger E; Yeung, Ka Y; Raftery, Adrian E; Jan 2005; 20 pp.; In English; Original
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0745; 8R01-EB002137-02
Report No.(s): AD-A454864; TR-473; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Inner holes, artifacts and blank spots are common in microarray images, but current image analysis methods do not pay
them enough attention. We propose a new robust model-based method for processing microarray images so as to estimate
foreground and background intensities. The method starts with a very simple but effective automatic gridding method, and
then proceeds in two steps. The first step applies model-based clustering to the distribution of pixel intensities, using the
Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) to choose the number of groups up to a maximum of three. The second step is spatial,
finding the large spatially connected components in each cluster of pixels. The method thus combines the strengths of
histogram-based and spatial approaches. It deals effectively with inner holes in spots and artifacts. It also provides a formal
inferential basis for deciding when the spot is blank, namely when the BIC favors one group over two or three. In experiments,
our method had better stability across replicates than a fixed-circle segmentation method or the seeded region growing method
in the SPOT software, without introducing noticeable bias when estimating the intensities of differentially expressed genes.
An R software package called spotSegmentation implementing the method is being made available through the BioConductor
project.
DTIC
Image Processing; Models; Segments
369
Strong Consistency of the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Estimation
Li, Ta-hsin; Kedem, Benjamin; Jun 1991; 37 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0049; N00014-89-J-1051
Consider the stationary process y sub t =beta cos(omega sub 0 t + phi) + epsilon sub t, and a parametric filter L sub alpha,
and let rho(alpha) be the first-order antocorrdation of the filtered process {L sub alpha (y) sub t}. Under a certain assnmption
on the filtered noise spectrum, rho(alpha) is contractive at cos omega sub 0. It is shown that the sample estimate of rho(alpha),
denoted by rho-dot(alpha) and obtained from a finite sampte of length n, has with probability one a fixed point alpha-dot sub
n in a neighborhood of cos omegas sub 0, and that the sequence of fixed points {&n} converges with probability one to cosw0.
The proof is based on a general result regarding the uniform consistency of the sample autocorrelation. The developed theory
is illustrated by two nnmerical examples pertaining to two different parametric time invariant filters.
DTIC
Autocorrelation; Consistency; Contraction; Frequencies

On the Contraction Mapping Method for Frequency Detection
Kedem, Benjamin; Yakowitz, Sidney; Jun 1991; 32 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0049; CDR-88-03012
The contraction mapping method for frequency estimation in the presence of noise, identifies the cosine of the frequency
to be detected as a fixed point of a certain correlation mapping. At its heart, the method provides a plan for automatic self
tuning of parametric filters. A variant of the method, called the HK algorithm, produces recursive zero-crossing rates
(normalized HOC sequences) that converge to the frequency of interest. A statistical explanation for the contraction mapping
method as epitomized by the HK algorithm is provided when the HOC sequences are produced by bandpass filters. The
outright consistency of the zero-crossing rate is not required. Examples show that the method performs quite remarkably.
DTIC
Contraction; Detection; Frequency Measurement

Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Parametric Filtering
Li, Ta-Hsin; Kedem, Benjamin; Jan 1992; 49 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-89-0049; N00014-89-1051
The problem of estimating the frequencies of multiple sinusoids from noisy observations is addressed in this paper. A
parametric filtering approach, called the PF method, is proposed that leads to a consistent estimator of the AR representation
of the sinusoidal signal, given the number of sinusoids. It is accomplished by using an iterative procedure to find a fixed point
of the parametrized least squares estimator (from the filtered data) that comprises a contraction mapping in the vicinity of the
true AR parameter. Employing appropriate filters, this method is able to achieve the accuracy of the nonlinear least squares
estimator, with much less computational complexity and initialization requirement. It can also be implemented adaptively
(recursively) in order to track time varying frequencies. In this way, the PF method provides a flexible and efficient procedure
of frequency estimation. An example of the AR filter is investigated in detail to illustrate the performance of the PF method.
DTIC
Least Squares Method; Sine Waves
20060049841 ENSCO, Inc., Springfield, VA USA

Investigation of Factors Affecting the Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ratio Discriminant
Baumgardt, Douglas; Der, Zoltan; Freeman, Angelina; Keohane, Meghan; Mar 2006; 62 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTRA-01-00-C-0043; Proj-CO
The research under this program has investigated problems associated with transporting regional-phase amplitude ratios,
such as Pn/Sn or Pn/Lg ratios. The first study investigated the effect of sensor site effects on the variance of P/S ratios. Using
370
multiple array recordings of groups of events in the same source region, we characterized the factors that contribute bias or
the scatter of P/S ratio measurements, after correction for propagation path effects. The variance in the P/S ratio around
regional arrays reveals the extent to which site affects cause variations in P/S ratios. The partitioning of the variance between
source, path, and receivier effects was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In the second study, we performed a
statistical analysis of the transportability of P/S ratio discriminates using separability measures and optimum transformations
in order to reduce dimensionality of multiple frequency P/S ratios. These transformations consist of calculating the intra-class,
and inter-class scatter matrices for P/S ratio discrirminants and using the eigenvectors, corresponding to the largest eigenvalues
of,the inter-class matrix to compute optimum transformation of discriminants that provide the best separation. We applied this
analysis to distance-corrected,discriminants in different regions (e.g., China,’Eurasia, North A,merica) in order to compare
discriminant effectiveness for different regions and to evaluate the transportability of optimum discriminant decision surfaces.
DTIC
Amplitudes; Analysis of Variance

Some Properties of Empirical Risk Minimization Over Donsker Classes
Caponnetto, Andrea; Rakhlin, Alexander; May 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454986; AI-MEMO-2005-018; CBCL-MEMO-250; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Infor-
We study properties of algorithms which minimize (or almost-minimise) empirical error over a Donsker class of
functions. we show that the L2-diameter of the set of almost-minimizers is converging to zero in probability. Therefore, as
the number of samples grows, it is becoming unlikely that adding a point (or a number of points) to the training set will result
in a large jump (in L2 distance) to a new hypothesis. We also show that under some conditions the expected errors of the
almost-minimizers are becoming close with a rate faster than pi(exp -1/2).
DTIC
Optimization; Risk; Statistical Tests

Fast Rates for Regularized Least-Squares Algorithm
Caponnetto, Andrea; De Vito, Ernesto; Apr 2005; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
We develop a theoretical analysis of generalization performances of regularized least-squares on reproducing kernel
Hilbert spaces for supervised learning. we show that the concept of effective dimension of an integral operator plays a central
role in the definition of a criterion for the choice of the regularization parameter as a function of the number of samples. In
fact a minimax analysis is performed which shows asymptotic optimality of the above mentioned criterion.
DTIC
Algorithms; Kernel Functions; Least Squares Method

Combining Variable Selection with Dimensionality Reduction
Wolf, Lior; Bileschi, Stanley; Mar 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This paper bridges the gap between variable selection methods (e.g.. Pearson coefficients. KS test) and dimensionality
reduction algorithms (e.g.. PCA. LDA). Variable selection algorithms encounter difficulties dealing with highly correlated
data. since many features are similar in quality. Dimensionality reduction algorithms tend to combine all variables and cannot
select a subset of significant variables. Our approach combines both methodologies by applying variable selection followed
by dimensionality reduction. This combination makes sense only when using the same utility function in both stages. which
371
we do. The resulting algorithm benefits from complex features as variable selection algorithms do. and at the same time enjoys
the benefits of dimensionality reduction.
DTIC
Algorithms; Combinatorial Analysis; Measurement

A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Unknown Number of Targets Based on Sensor Performance
Bryan, Karna; Carthel, Craig; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454747; NURC-PR-2006-005; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Bayes Theorem; Predictions; Targets

Robust Sequential Tests for Memoryless Discrimination From Dependent Observations
Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Jan 1991; 45 pp.; In English
The problem of robust sequential discrimination from two dependent observation sequences with uncertain Statistics is
addressed. As in Part 1 of this study, which treated asymptotically optimal sequential discrimination for stationary observations
characterized by m-dependent or mixing type of dependence, sequential tests based on memoryless nonlinearities are
employed. In particular, the sequential tests robustified in this paper employ linear test statistics of the form S sub n =
A(bar)[sum over i=1 to n]g(X sub i) + B(bar)n, where (X sub i) n over i = 1 is the observation sequence, the coefficients A(bar)
and B(bar) are selected so that the normalized drifts of S sub n are antipodal under the two hypotheses, and the nonlinearity
g solves a linear integral equation. As shown in Part I, the performance of these tests is very close to that of the asymptotically
optimal memoryless sequential tests when the statistics of the observations are known. The above tests are robustified in terms
of the error probabilities and the expected sample numbers under the two hypotheses, for statistical uncertainty determined
by 2-alternating capacity classes for the marginal (univariate) PDFs and upper bounds on the correlation coefficients of
time-shifts of the observations sequence for the bivariate PDFs. Finally, the robustification of sequential tests based on a test
statistic similar to S sub n defined above is carried out for detecting a weak-signal in stationary m-dependent or mixing noise
with uncertainty in the univariate and bivariate PDFs.
DTIC
Statistical Tests; Robustness (Mathematics)
66
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Includes mathematical modeling of systems; network analysis; mathematical programming; decision theory; and game theory.

Linear Control Theory as Applied to Smart Structures
Kantor, George A; Jan 1995; 130 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-92-G-01201; NSF-ECE-90-96121
CASI: A07, Hardcopy
This thesis investigates linear control theory as applied to smart structures. Specifically, the problem of active vibration
damping in a flexible cantilever beam using piezo-electric ceramic crystals (PZT) as sensors and actuators is addressed. The
problem of controlling linear time invariant systems subject to hard input constraints is considered. Some existing methods
are reviewed and some new methods are presented. The subject of rapid prototyping and automatic system identification is
addressed. Automatic system identification techniques are developed and combined with a commercially available rapid
prototyping system to create a test bed which can be used to rapidly model and control existing plants. Closed loop control
laws designed to actively damp vibrations in a flexible cantilever beam were tested in various laboratory experiments. The
experiments are described, the design of the control laws is discussed, and the results of the experiments are presented. Finally,
impact between a flexible robotic arm and a fixed sphere is addressed. A model for the impact forces is developed and
372
compared with experimentally determined impact data. An open loop control law using a neural network is implemented to
control the magnitude of the impact force.
DTIC
Control Theory; Smart Structures

Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Database Systems in the Framework of Discrete Event Systems
Ghosh, Anunoy; Jan 1994; 96 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-92-J-0045; NSFD-CDR-88-03012
CASI: A05, Hardcopy
Real-time systems are an active area of research currently, motivated by the potential of widespread applicability in areas
like stock trading, network management, air traffic control, robotics and factory automation. Since these systems deal with
large quantities of information, real-time systems are being coupled with database systems to aid in the efficient storage,
processing and retrieval of data. Such database systems are called Real-Time Database Systems (RTDBS). The problem of
concurrency control and scheduling of transactions in real time database systems is studied in the framework of discrete event
dynamical systems (DEDS) modeled by deterministic finite automata (DFAs). Concurrency control and scheduling are
separated into two different modules (a logical DEDS model for the CC module and a heuristic implementation of a scheduler)
to allow modular analysis of various combinations of concurrency control and scheduling algorithms. The model is developed
analytically using the theory of discrete event dynamical systems. Subsequently the design of a simulation software is reported
that uses this model to simulate transaction execution for a (concurrency controller, scheduler) pair. Finally, we show that our
approach can also be viewed as a special case of a supervisory control theory (SCT) synthesis technique. The goal of this thesis
is to demonstrate the applicability of DEDS theory as a powerful tool in modeling and analyzing transaction models in real
time database systems and to show potential applications of modern SCT techniques in this area.
DTIC
Control Theory; Data Bases; Real Time Operation

A Systems Engineering Approach to Design a Smart Tool Post Structure
Ko, Wing F; Jan 1995; 143 pp.; In English
CASI: A07, Hardcopy
Precision machining has received more and more industry-wide attention as dimensional accuracy becomes a significant
measure of quality in a product. The key in achieving today’s quality requirement is, therefore, precision of a machine tool.
Since the invention of the first computerized numerical control (CNC) machine tool in the 1960’s, machine tool research has
entered an almost stagnant stage. There are numerous reasons for the slow progress, and the lack of system-wide studies of
the machine tool performance is one of them. The research presented in this thesis focuses on improving machining accuracy
using a systems engineering approach. A conventional lathe during machining is taken under consideration as a machining
system. The tool post is identified as a critical component in the machining system to achieve the defined machining accuracy.
Smart material made actuators are used to design a new tool post structure that is capable of carrying out an active vibration
control during machining. In this thesis research, the fabrication of the designed tool post is completed. Results obtained from
the initial tests strongly demonstrate its capability to attenuate tool vibration during machining in an active and intelligent way.
Thus, the smart tool post system fill fills the design objective of achieving microscopic level machining precision on a low
cost conventional machine tool platform. Suggestion on the actuator specifications are made for further improvement on
vibration compensation.
DTIC
Damping; Machining; Smart Structures; Systems Engineering; Vibration

Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuilding (National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Gatlin, O H; Starkenburg, C J; Smith, D; Starkenburg, C; Grimsley, G B; O’Callahan, J J; Blanchard, Jr, E E; Logue, F; Taylor,
J; Weidman, W; Doussan, T; Nierenberg, A; Niolet, D; Seibert, W; Caronna, S; Calvin, W; Mouney, D; Busch, J; Pourciau,
B; Decedue, D; Feb 1986; 176 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DTMA-91-82-C-20022; DMTA-91-84-C-41045
373
Report No.(s): AD-A453465; UMTRI-85-54; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453465; Avail.:
As part of the government/industry-supported National Shipbuilding Research Program (NSRP), a technical evaluation
of the operation of Avondale Shipyards, Incorporated (ASI), was performed by consultants from Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy
Industries Company, Limited (IHI), in 1980. ASI subsequently implemented four major IHI systems recommended in that
evaluation: Accuracy Control Production Planning Design Engineering for Zone Outfitting Process Lanes The implementation
of these systems has decreased production time and increased productivity, thus materially reducing costs. ASIS experience
with these improvements was shared with the shipbuilding community via four seminars at the shipyard held from 1982 to
1984. The voluminous material which constituted the lecture notes of those seminars is condensed in this report. Essential
material from all of the seminar lectures is included, but detailed discussions and examples of complex schedules and
documents used at the shipyard have been left out. The complete work is included in the NSRP Microfiche Library (See
Reference [3]).
DTIC
Design Analysis; Manufacturing; Marine Technology; Production Management; Quality Control; Ships

A Notional Battlespace for Simulating and Testing Dynamic Wireless Networks
Stookey, David E; Jun 2006; 87 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453676; AFIT/IC4/ENG/06-06; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Communications are critical to many operations and functions. The US military relies on a complex mesh of
communication circuits, comprised of wired and wireless links. While mobile communication is necessarily wireless, currently
mobile communication occurs in a rigid structure of centrally managed, dedicated links. Future military communication will
require dynamic wireless networks where more data is routed and transported in an opportunistic method in the battlespace.
Researchers are exploring various topics related to Dynamic Wireless Networks, including Topology Control, Dynamic
Mobile Routing, and Hybrid Communication Links. Testing the military application of these research areas requires an
understanding of the battlespace and the assets and data flow requirements within the battlespace. This paper provides a
scenario and data pertaining to a notional battlespace for use in testing, simulating and further research efforts into the
implementation and use of dynamic wireless network application for the US military. First defining a battlespace, then
describing assets that might be found in a generic battlespace. The paper concludes with tables, representing realistic data flow
requirements and assets for a specific notional scenario for use in building a simulation to further test aspects of dynamic
wireless networking in the battlespace.
DTIC
Command and Control; Computerized Simulation; Simulation

Generalized Conjugate Directions
Dennis, Jr, J E; Turner, Kathryn; May 1986; 25 pp.; In English
This paper presents a simple unifying framework for a wide class of conjugate directions algorithms whose iterates
minimize some quadratic functional over a subspace. Our approach is motivated by its advantages for nonlinear minimization,
but the purpose of this paper is to present the greatly simplified convergence analysis that results for the linear case.
DTIC
Conjugates; Linear Systems; Quadratic Programming

NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate Mission and Trade Study Analysis
Ricks, Wendell; Guynn, Mark; Hahn, Andrew; Lepsch, Roger; Mazanek, Dan; Dollyhigh, Sam; [2006]; 14 pp.; In English;
11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original
contains color and black and white illustrations
A03, Hardcopy
Mission analysis, as practiced by the NASA Langley Research Center’s Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate
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(SACD), consists of activities used to define, assess, and evaluate a wide spectrum of aerospace systems for given
requirements. The missions for these systems encompass a broad range from aviation to space exploration. The customer, who
is usually another NASA organization or another government agency, often predefines the mission. Once a mission is defined,
the goals and objectives that the system will need to meet are delineated and quantified. A number of alternative systems are
then typically developed and assessed relative to these goals and objectives. This is done in order to determine the most
favorable design approaches for further refinement. Trade studies are performed in order to understand the impact of a
requirement on each system and to select among competing design options. Items varied in trade studies typically include:
design variables or design constraints; technology and subsystem options; and operational approaches. The results of trade
studies are often used to refine the mission and system requirements. SACD studies have been integral to the decision
processes of many organizations for decades. Many recent examples of SACD mission and trade study analyses illustrate their
excellence and influence. The SACD-led, Agency-wide effort to analyze a broad range of future human lunar exploration
scenarios for NASA s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and the Mars airplane design study in support of the
Aerial Regional-scale Environment Survey of Mars (ARES) mission are two such examples. This paper describes SACD’s
mission and trade study analysis activities in general and presents the lunar exploration and Mars airplane studies as examples
of type of work performed by the SACD.
Author
Systems Analysis; NASA Programs; Mission Planning; Aircraft Design; Mars Missions

Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Analysis Capabilities
Cavanaugh, Stephen; Kumar, Ajay; Brewer, Laura; Kimmel, Bill; Korte, John; Moul, Tom; January 2006; 9 pp.; In English;
11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sept. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 584772.07.05
A02, Hardcopy
The Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) has been in the systems analysis business line supporting
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) aeronautics, exploration, space operations and science since the 1960
s. Our current organization structure is shown in Figure 1. SACD mission can be summed up in the following statements: 1.
We conduct advanced concepts for Agency decision makers and programs. 2. We provide aerospace systems analysis products
such as mission architectures, advanced system concepts, system and technology trades, life cycle cost and risk analysis,
system integration and pre-decisional sensitive information. 3. Our work enables informed technical, programmatic and
budgetary decisions. SACD has a complement of 114 government employees and approximately 50 on-site contractors which
is equally split between supporting aeronautics and exploration. SACD strives for technical excellence and creditability of the
systems analysis products delivered to its customers. The Directorate office is continuously building market intelligence and
working with other NASA centers and external partners to expand our business base. The Branches strive for technical
excellence and credibility of our systems analysis products by seeking out existing and new partnerships that are critical for
successful systems analysis. The Directorates long term goal is to grow the amount of science systems analysis business base.
Derived from text
Aerospace Systems; Systems Analysis; Systems Integration; NASA Programs; Cost Analysis; Mission Planning; Life Cycle
Costs

NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Technology Assessment/Portfolio Analysis
Cavanaugh, Stephen; Chytka, Trina; Arcara, Phil; Jones, Sharon; Stanley, Doug; Wilhite, Alan W.; January 2006; 12 pp.; In
English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sept. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA;
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 584772.07.05
Systems analysis develops and documents candidate mission and architectures, associated system concepts, enabling
capabilities and investment strategies to achieve NASA s strategic objectives. The technology assessment process connects the
mission and architectures to the investment strategies. In order to successfully implement a technology assessment, there is
a need to collect, manipulate, analyze, document, and disseminate technology-related information. Information must be
collected and organized on the wide variety of potentially applicable technologies, including: previous research results, key
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technical parameters and characteristics, technology readiness levels, relationships to other technologies, costs, and potential
barriers and risks. This information must be manipulated to facilitate planning and documentation. An assessment is included
of the programmatic and technical risks associated with each technology task as well as potential risk mitigation plans. Risks
are assessed and tracked in terms of likelihood of the risk occurring and consequences of the risk if it does occur. The risk
assessments take into account cost, schedule, and technical risk dimensions. Assessment data must be simplified for
presentation to decision makers. The Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) at NASA Langley Research Center
has a wealth of experience in performing Technology Assessment and Portfolio Analysis as this has been a business line since
1978.
Author
Systems Analysis; Technology Assessment; Commerce; Schedules; Costs; Prototypes
20060049167 Jozef Stefan Inst., Ljubljana, Slovenia

Detection of Sensor Faults in a Wastewater Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Principal Component Analysis
Zele, Mina; Vrecko, Darko; Juricic, Dani; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 47-52; In Slovene; See also
Reliable measurements are a prerequisite for optimal wastewater plant operation and control. The paper presents design
and validation of a system for sensor faults detection in a pilot plant of the Domzale-Kamnik Wastewater Treatment Plant
(WWTP). WWTP operation is depended on daily, weekly and seasonal variations of the influent load and wastewater
temperature. Constructing the first principle model to accurately predict the WWTP behaviour is a demanding task. For this
purpose, statistical process monitoring (SPM) based on a principal component analysis (PCA) is applied. False alarms due to
WWTP non-stationary processes are avoided by using adaptive PCA. It enables adaptation of a PCA model by updating
scaling parameters of variables (mean and variance) and the covariance matrix recursively at each sampling time. In such a
way the PCA model adapts to slow process changes while still being able to detect much faster sensor faults. The recursive
PCA was applied to a nonlinear model of a pilot plant. The following measurements were used to calculate the principal
components: influent ammonia concentration, dissolved oxygen concentration in the first aerobic reactor tank, dissolved
oxygen concentration and ammonia concentration in the second aerobic reactor. The process dynamics was taken into account
by extending the data matrix to include delayed signals. Faults were emulated by adding values to the measurement of the
ammonia concentration in the second aerobic reactor. Results of the classical PCA and recursive PCA show that false alarms
can be avoided by using recursive updating with an appropriate forgetting factor.
Author
Waste Water; Fault Detection; Principal Components Analysis; Pilot Plants; Dissolved Gases; Sampling; Variance (Statistics)
20060049287 Standards International, Inc., Chicago, IL USA

Basic Principles of Industrial Engineering (The National Shipbuilding Research Program)
Oct 1987; 191 pp.; In English
A09, Hardcopy
Marine Technology; Ships
20060049288 Robinson-Page-McDonough and Associates, Inc., Greenland, NH USA

Developing Scheduling Standards Using Regression Analysis: An Application Guide
Graves, Robert J; McGinnis, Leon F; Jun 30, 1987; 50 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
This Application Guide presents a step-by-step introduction to the development of scheduling standards using regression
analysis. The presentation employs an example taken from a shipyard sheet metal shop and discusses the issues and procedures
in constructing scheduling standards from work order-level data on actual fabrication times. The methods described in this
Application Guide have been applied in three different shipyard shops, and in each case have produced scheduling standards
with a prediction accuracy of at least 10%, when applied to a set of work orders representing roughly a manweek of work.
The cost to establish scheduling standards using these methods compares very favorably to the cost for other techniques,
376
especially if engineered labor standards or measured labor standards must be available for those other methods.
DTIC
Regression Analysis; Scheduling

Pipeline Optimization Program (PLOP)
Wilson, Derek; Aug 2006; 29 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454127; ERDC-TN-DOER-T5; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454127;
This technical note describes the Pipeline Optimization Program (PLOP), a computer program that optimizes pipeline
transport of slurry based on slurry pump performance, material characteristics, pipeline characteristics, and industrial
standards. PLOP uses a rules-based programming language, C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS). Rules-based
languages are advantageous in addressing decision-making problems inherent to slurry pump and pipeline transport and are
also consistent with the framework of the Dredging Operations Decision Support System (DODSS, https://
dodss.wes.army.mil/wiki/0). PLOP compiles industry standards and governing physical principles into a single executable file
that makes decisions and processes output based solely on the initial input parameters.
DTIC
C (Programming Language); Computer Programs; Decision Support Systems; Pipelines; Programming Languages

Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Transformation
Smith, Jane M; Gravens, Mark B; Jan 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The nearshore wave transformation model STWAVE is used to transform hindcast wave time histories to the shore to
estimate longshore sediment transport rates. These transport rates are used to evaluate engineering design of beach fills and
coastal shore protection structures. The boundary conditions used to force STWAVE are typically derived from the Wave
Information Studies (WIS) wind-wave hindcast database. In the past, only bulk wave parameters (height, period, and direction)
were available from the database, and these parameters were used to generate parametric spectra to drive the transformation
model. Thus, the detailed spectral information from the hindcast was lost in the transition to the nearshore. The updated WIS
hindcast is archiving wave spectra, as well as parameters, for intermediate-depth sites along the coast. The purpose of this
paper is to evaluate the feasibility of driving a nearshore model with hindcast spectra versus parameters for a two-year period
at Duck, North Carolina. Comparisons are made with nearshore gauge measurements. The relative impacts of the incident
boundary input on sediment transport estimates for the two-year period are evaluated.
DTIC
Boundary Conditions; Coasts; Hindcasting; Ocean Surface; Sediment Transport; Water Waves

Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activities
Sarma, Anita; Hoek, Andre Van Der; Jan 2003; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454383; UCI-ISR-02-8; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454383; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Palantir is a configuration management workplace awareness tool that continuously informs developers of the changes
that are made in parallel by other developers in other workspaces. In order to achieve its goal of reducing the number of merge
conflicts when developers commit their artifacts, Palantir deliberately breaks traditional workspace isolation in order to
promote better coordination of parallel activities. In this paper we examine four different visualizations that developers can
use for visualizing the activities in other workspaces. We discuss their strengths and weaknesses, role within Palantir and
opportunities for future improvements.
DTIC
Configuration Management; Layouts
377
Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Systems
Curtain, R F; Demetriou, M A; Ito, K; Jun 3, 1998; 22 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The aim of this investigation is to construct an adaptive observer and an adaptive compensator for a class of infinite
dimensional plants having a known exogenous input and a structured perturbation with an unknown constant parameter such
as the case of static output feedback with an unknown gain. The adaptive observer uses the nominal dynamics of the
unperturbed plant and an adaptation law based on the Lyapunov redesign method. We obtain conditions on the system to
ensure uniform boundedness of the estimator dynamics and the parameter estimates and convergence of the estimator error.
For the case of a known periodic exogenous input we design an adaptive compensator which forces the system to converge
to a unique periodic solution. We illustrate our approach with a delay example and a diffusion example for which we obtain
convincing numerical results.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Compensators

Modeling and Control of Physical Processes Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Ly, Hung V; Tran, Hien T; Feb 12, 1999; 17 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) technique (or the Karhunan Loeve procedure) has been used to obtain low
dimensional dynamical models of many applications in engineering and science. In principle, the idea is to start with an
ensemble of data, called snapshots, collected from an experiment or a numerical procedure of a physical system. The POD
technique is then used to produce a set of basis functions which spans the snapshot collection. When these basis functions are
used in a Galerkin procedure, they yield a finite dimensional dynamical system with the smallest possible degrees of freedom.
In this context, it is assumed that the physical system has a mathematical model, which may not be available for many physical
and/or industrial applications. In this paper, we consider the steady state Rayleigh-Benard convection whose mathematical
model is assumed to be unknown, but numerical data are available. The aim of the paper is to show that, using the obtained
ensemble of data, POD can be used to model accurately the natural convection. Furthermore, this approach is very efficient
in the sense that it uses the smallest possible number of parameters and this is suited for process control. Particularly, we
consider two boundary control problems: (a) tracking problem and (b) avoiding hot spot in a certain region of the domain.
DTIC
Control Theory; Decomposition

An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery Problem with Time Windows with
a Theater Distribution Application
Burks, Jr, Robert E; Aug 2006; 240 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454491; AFIT/DS/ENS/06-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454491;
The time constrained pickup and delivery problem (PDPTW) is a problem of finding a set of routes for a fleet of vehicles
in order to satisfy a set of transportation requests. Each request represents a user-specified pickup and delivery location. The
PDPTW may be used to model many problems in logistics and public transportation. The location routing problem (LRP) is
an extension of the vehicle routing problem where the solution identifies the optimal location of the depots and provides the
vehicle schedules and distribution routes. This dissertation seeks to blend the PDPTW and LRP areas of research and formulate
a location scheduling pickup and delivery problem with time windows (LPDPTW) in order to model the theater distribution
problem and find excellent solutions. This research utilizes advanced tabu search techniques, including reactive tabu search
and group theory applications, to develop a heuristic procedure for solving the LPDPTW. Tabu search is a metaheuristic that
performs an intelligent search of the solution space. Group theory provides the structural foundation that supports the efficient
search of the neighborhoods and movement through the solution space.
DTIC
Heuristic Methods; Position (Location); Scheduling
378
20060049575 Bath Iron Works Corp., ME USA
Computer-Assisted Methodology for the Determination of the Optimal Number and Location of Tool Sheds (The
National Shipbuilding Research Program)
This project was performed to provide computer assistance for choosinq optimal locations for toolrooms in shipyards. The
tool used to accomplish this task is a computer proqram entitled Computer Assisted Toolroom Design (CATD) . The CATD
program is executable on the IBM-AT and the IBM-PC with an 8087 co-processor chip. Tts operation and maintenance is
outlined in the user and technical manual enclosed in the report. The CATD program provides the user with the ability to
analyze a shipyard with respect to the utilization of its resources in reqards to toolroom locations. By determining optimal
toolroom locations, the user gains an insiqht of the system and the systems possible improvements by varying the locations.
Puthermore, proposed toolrooms can be tested in the proqram to determine their economic feasibility for expansion. An
application of the program was performed at Inqall’s Shipyard.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Computer Techniques; Marine Technology; Position (Location); Ships; Site Selection

Implementation of Advanced Technology in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Workshop Report
Jessup, John G; Bunch, Howard M; Apr 1987; 119 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): POM-84097
Report No.(s): AD-A454583; UMTRI-87-24; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
This report outlines the development of a pilot workshop on the dynamics of organizational response to advanced
technology implementation for the U.S. Shipbuilding industry, the tools that were utilized in executing the workshop design,
and the lessons learned. The purpose of the workshop was to provide the process for management to gain a better
understanding of the consequences of implementing advanced shipbuilding methods into the shipyard. The process for
implementing advanced technology was based on industrial engineering and management science relevant to organizational
change. Lecture topics included: ‘Organizations are Systems: Traditional Management vs. Open Systems Management;’ ‘The
Socio-Technical Systems Model,’ and ‘Implementing Change and Managing Resistance to Change.’ In addition to the tutorial
lectures, a series of working sessions is outlined. Recommendations are made for future workshops.
DTIC
Industries; Marine Technology; Productivity; Ships

Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow Simulator
Briggs, Michael J; Aug 2006; 19 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454654; ERDC/CHL CHETN-I-72; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note (CHETN) summarizes several empirical ship squat predictions
based on (Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (PIANC), U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and
Japanese guidance. A Fortran program was written and its use is described along with some comparisons for a typical bulk
carrier and three different channel configurations.
DTIC
Hydrodynamics; Ships; Simulators
20060049646 New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM USA

Event-Based Detection of Concurrency
Cook, Jonathan E; Wolf, Alexander L; Apr 1998; 19 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-94-C-0253; CCR-93-02739
Report No.(s): AD-A454689; NMSU-CSTR-9808; CU-CS-860-98; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Computer Programming; Software Engineering; Systems Analysis
379
Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Scheduling
Nain, Philippe; Tsoucas, Pantelis; Walrand, Jean; Nov 28, 1988; 15 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-84-K-0614; NSFD-CDR88-03012
Interchange arguments are applied to establish the optimality of priority list policies in three problems. First, we prove
that in a multi-class tandem of two ‘/M/1 queues it is always optimal in the second node to serve according to the ‘c mu’ rule,
The result holds more generally if the first node is replaced by a muIti-class network consisting of ‘/M/1 queues with Bernoulli
routing. Next, for scheduling a single server in a multi-class node with feedback, a simplified proof of Klimov’s result is given.
From it follows the optimality of the index rule among idling policies for general service time distributions, and among
pre-emptive policies when the service time distributions are exponential. Lastly, we consider the problem of minimizing the
blocking in a communication link with lossy channels and exponential holding times.
DTIC
Communication Networks; Queueing Theory; Scheduling; Stochastic Processes

Optimal Scheduling with Strict Deadlines
Bhattacharya, Partha P; Ephremides, Anthony; Jan 1989; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-85-G-0207; N00014-88-K-0712
Report No.(s): AD-A454731; SRC-TR-89-1-10; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
We consider the problem of dynamic scheduling of customers (messages) in time-critical environments. First, we consider
a single station (communication node) and assume that each customer (message) must begin service (transmission) by an
individually varying ‘extinction’ time or, else, it is lost. We are interested in minimizing, in the sense of stochastic order, the
number of messages lost over any time interval. We prove a variety of results that establish the optimality of the STE
(Shortest-Time-to Extinction) policy under rather general conditions. Similar results are also shown when messages have
constralnts on their complete transmission times. If the scheduler is allowed to take decisions based only on the distribution
of the deadlines (rather than their exact values), similar but somewhat stronger results are proven. Finally, we consider a
network of M stations in tandem under the hypothesis that a message is never lost and is scheduled irrespective of whether
its extinction time (also called due date in this case) has expired or not. Agaln,under falrly general assumptions on the arrivals,
deadlines and services, we show that the EDD (Earliest Due Date) policy minimizes a form of average tardiness incurred over
a finite operating horizon among all nonidling, nonpremptive policies. We formulate these problems in the context of
stochastic dominance, and use simple interchange arguments to establish all our results.
DTIC
Real Time Operation; Scheduling

Automated Discovery of Mimicry Attacks
Giffin, Jonathon T; Jha, Somesh; Miller, Barton P; Jan 2006; 21 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-0708; CCR-0133629
Model-based anomaly detection systems restrict program execution by a predefined model of allowed system call
sequences. These systems are useful only if they detect actual attacks. Previous research developed manually-constructed
mimicry and evasion attacks that avoided detection by hiding a malicious series of system calls within a valid sequence
allowed by the model. Our work helps to automate the discovery of such attacks. We start with two models: a program model
of the application’s system call behavior and a model of security-critical operating system state. Given unsafe OS state
configurations that describe the goals of an attack, we then find system call sequences allowed as valid execution by the
program model that produce the unsafe configurations. Our experiments show that we can automatically find attack sequences
in models of programs such as wu-ftpd and passwd that previously have only been discovered manually. When undetected
attacks are present, we frequently find the sequences with less than 2 seconds of computation.
DTIC
Anomalies; Computer Information Security; Models; Program Verification (Computers); Software Reliability
380
A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Information Extraction
Downey, Doug; Etzioni, Oren; Soderland, Stephen; Jan 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-02-1-0324; NBCHD030010
Unsupervised Information Extraction (UIE) is the task of extracting knowledge from text without using hand-tagged
training examples. A fundamental problem for both UIE and supervised IE is assessing the probability that extracted
information is correct. In massive corpora such as the Web, the same extraction is found repeatedly in different documents.
How does this redundancy impact the probability of correctness? This paper introduces a combinatorial balls-andurns model
that computes the impact of sample size, redundancy, and corroboration from multiple distinct extraction rules on the
probability that an extraction is correct. We describe methods for estimating the model’s parameters in practice and
demonstrate experimentally that for UIE the model’s log likelihoods are 15 times better, on average, than those obtained by
Pointwise Mutual Information (PMI) and the noisy-or model used in previous work. For supervised IE, the model’s
performance is comparable to that of Support Vector Machines, and Logistic Regression.
DTIC
Extraction; Models; Redundancy

Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference Resolution
Tetreault, Joel; Allen, James; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-01-1-1015; NSF-0328810
Most pronoun resolution research has focused on written corpora while using syntactical and surface cues. Though big
gains have been made in this domain with those methods, it is difficult to do better than the 80% coverage in these domains
without some world or semantic knowledge. We investigate this issue by incorporating rich semantic information into a proven
reference resolution model over a very difficult domain of human-human task-oriented dialogues. Our results show that
semantic information greatly improves performance and can even be viewed as a substitution for the usual syntactic filters.
DTIC
Heuristic Methods; Semantics

Developing and Understanding Methods for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimization
Byrd, Richard H; Schnabel, Robert B; Jul 24, 2006; 5 pp.; In English
During the course of this grant, we have made further progress on our optimization approach for protein structure
prediction. This includes development of a preconditioned limited-memory quasi-Newton method, which should have broader
applicability. We have also developed and analyzed a method for constrained optimization that uses a linear programming
subproblem as an active set predictor. In our work on tensor methods we have developed a tensor method for large-scale
nonlinear systems of equations using a Krylov iteration to compute the step.
DTIC
Nonlinear Systems; Nonlinearity; Optimization
20060049722 Kestrel Technology, LLC, Los Altos, CA USA

Temporal Planning with Preferences and Probabilities
Morris, Robert; Morris, Paul; Khatib, Lina; Yorke-Smith, Neil; Jun 2005; 7 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHD-03-0010
In an uncertain world, a rational planning agent must simultaneously reason with uncertainty about expected outcomes
of actions and preferences for those outcomes. This work focuses on systematically exploring the interactions between
preferences for the durations of events, and uncertainty, expressed as probability distributions about when certain events will
occur. We expand previous work by introducing a means for representing events and durations that are not under the control
of the planner, as well as quantitative beliefs about when those events are likely to occur. Two reasoning problems are
381
introduced and methods for solving them proposed. First, given a desired overall preference level, compute the likelihood that
a plan exists that meets or exceeds the specified degree of preference. Second, given an initial set of beliefs about durations
of events, and preferences for times, infer a revised set of preferences that reflect those beliefs.
DTIC
Decision Support Systems; Planning; Probability Theory

Structural Optimization in a Distributed Computing Environment
Voon, B K; Austin, M A; Jan 1991; 107 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-90-0105; NSF-BCS-89-07722
This report presents the formulation and testing of a Feasible Sequential Quadratic Programming (FSQP-DIS)
optimization algorithm customized to a Distributed Numerical Computing environment (DNC). DNC utilizes networking
technology and an ensemble of loosely coupled processors to compute structural analyses concurrently. Each iterate of the
FSQP-DIS is partitioned for concurrent computations in the direction calculation, and the steplength calculation. The
prototype environment is tested on three applications a mathematical programming problem, the design of a two-story planar
steel frame, and finally, the optimal design of a two-story three-dimensional steel frame.
DTIC
Quadratic Programming; Structural Engineering

PRA: Massively Parallel Heuristic Search
Evett, Matthew; Hendler, James; Mahanti, Ambuj; Nau, Dana; Jan 1991; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-88-K-0560; NSFD-CDR-88-03012
This paper describes a variant of A* search designed to run on the massively parallel SIMD Connection Machine. The
algorithm is designed to run in a limited memory by use of a retraction technique which allows nodes with poor heuristic
values to be removed from the open list until such time as they may need reexpansion more promising paths having failed.
Our algorithm, called PRA* (for Parallel Retraction A*), is designed to maximize use of the Connection Machine’s memory
and processors. In addition, the algorithm is guaranteed to return an optimal path when an admissable heuristic is used. Results
comparing PRA* to Korf’s IDA* for the fifteen-puzzle show significantly fewer node expansions for PRA*. In addition,
empirical results show significant parallel speedups, indicative of the algorithm’s design for high processor utilization.
DTIC
Heuristic Methods; Massively Parallel Processors; Parallel Processing (Computers)
20060049748 Texas Univ., Austin, TX USA

Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions With Application to Flexible Manufacturing Systems
Ghosh, Mrinal K; Arapostathis, Aristotle; Marcus, Steven I; Oct 18, 1991; 26 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-89-C-0044; AFOSR-91-0033
A controlled switching diffusion model is developed to study the hierarchical control of flexible manufacturing systems.
The existence of a homogeneous Markov non-randomized optimal policy is established by a convex analytic method. Using
the existence of such a policy the existence of a unique solution in a certain class to the associated Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman
equations is established and the optimal policy is characterized as a minimizing selector of an appropriate Hamiltonian.
DTIC
Control Theory; Manufacturing; Optimal Control; Switching

Predicates and Predicate Transformers for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems
Kumar, Ratnesh; Garg, Vijay; Marcus, Steven I; Jul 21, 1992; 33 pp.; In English
Most discrete event system models are based on defining the alphabet set or the set of events as a fundamental concept.
382
This paper takes an alternative view of treating the state space as the fundamental concept. We approach the problem of
controlling discrete event systems by using predicates and predicate transformers. Predicates have the advantage that they can
concisely characterize an infinite state space. The notion of controllability of a predicate is defined, and the supervisory
predicate control problem introduced in this paper is solved. A closed form expression for the weakest controllable predicate
is obtained. The problem of controlling discrete event systems under incomplete state observation is also considered arid
observability of predicates is defined. Techniques for finding external solutions of boolean equations is used to derive
minimally restrictive supervisors.
DTIC
Control Theory; Discrete Functions; Dynamical Systems; Probability Distribution Functions; Transformers

Language Stability and Stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems
Kumar, Ratnesh; Garg, Vijay; Marcus, Steven I; Jul 21, 1992; 35 pp.; In English
This paper studies the stability and stabilizability of Discrete Event Dynamical Systems (DEDS’s) modeled by state
machines. We define stability and stabilizability in terms of the behavior of the DEDS’s, i.e. the language generated by the
state machines (SM’s). This generalizes earlier work where they were defined in terms of legal and illegal states rather than
strings. The notion of reversal of languages is used to obtain algorithms for determining the stability and stabilizability of a
given system. The notion of stability is then generalized to define the stability of infinite or sequential behavior of a DEDS
modeled by a Buechi automaton. The relationship between the stability of finite and stability of infinite behavior is obtained
and a test for stability of infinite behavior is obtained in terms of the test for stability of finite behavior. We present an
algorithm of linear complexity for computing the regions of attraction, which is used for determining the stability and
stabilizability of a given system defined in terms of legal states. This algorithm is then used to obtain efficient tests for
checking sufficient conditions for language stability and stabilizability.
DTIC
Automata Theory; Control Theory; Dynamical Systems; Stability

Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor Discrimination from Dependent Observations
Schemes for quantization and fusion in multi-sensor systems used for discriminating between two sequences of dependent
observations are introduced and analyzed. The observation sequences of each sensor under the two hypotheses are arbitrary
stationary dependent sequences that can not be modeled as signal in additive noise; the objective of the fusion center is to
discriminate between the two hypotheses. These observation models are well motivated by practical multi-sensor target
discrimination problems. Two cases are considered: in the first, the observation sequences of the sensors are individually
dependent but jointly mutually independent; in the second case, the observation sequences are dependent across both time and
sensors. The dependence in the observations across time and/or sensors is modeled by m-dependent, phi mixing, or rho-mixing
processes. The following four quantization/fusion schemes are considered: (a) forming test statistics at the sensors by passing
the observations through memoryless non-linearities, summing them up, and fusing these test statistics without previous
quantization; (b) quantizing uniformally (with equidistant breakpoints) each sensor observation and then fusing; (c) quantizing
optimally each sensor observation and then fusing; and (d) using the sensor test statistic of (a) to make binary decisions and
then fusing the binary decisions. To guarantee high-quality performance, a common large sample size is employed by each
sensor and an asymptotic analysis is pursued. Design criteria are developed from the Bayesian cost of the fusion center for
deriving the optimal memoryless nonlinearities of the sensor test statistics and the sensor quantizer parameters (quantization
levels and breakpoints). These design criteria are shown to involve an extension of the generalized signal-to-noise ratio used
in single-sensor detection and quantization.
DTIC
Multisensor Applications; Multisensor Fusion; Target Recognition
383
20060049771 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center, San Diego, CA USA
Spiral System Implementation Methodology: Application of the Knowledge Web and Network-Centric Best Practices
Waters, Jeff; Stelmach, Michael; Ceruti, Marion; Dec 2005; 8 pp.; In English
This paper reports progress and practical experience in security-requirements engineering using the security center
Knowledge Web (KWeb) as a case study. It describes the project, architecture, and the approach of the Spiral System
Implementation Methodology (SSIM) in all three phases of development. The network-centric best practices, which are some
of the principles on which the method is based, are also described. This engineering approach is an example of rapid
prototyping in which the requirements of the users in the security center are reviewed periodically and frequently with
considerable user input. This method, which captures and implement changes in user requirements, strongly supports the
development of a relevant and useful system with up-to-date technology that will be responsive to the users’ rapidly changing
needs.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Computer Techniques; Procedures; Software Engineering; User Requirements

AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptivity and Trust Management
Balzer, Robert; Shrobe, Howard; Goldman, Neil; Wile, David; Jun 2006; 78 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-04-2-0240; DARPA ORDER-S473; Proj-S473
This document is the final report for AWDRAT, an effort in the DARPA funded Self-Regenerative System (SRS) program
conducted by MIT and Teknolwedge. AWDRAT stands for Architectural Differencing, Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery,
Adaptivity, and Trust Management. AWDRAT is a framework that provides survivability services to legacy (or new)
applications, It does so by modeling the intended behavior of the application, using wrappers to instrument the application
system and using the information derived from the wrappers to detect deviations from the expected behavior. When the
application failed to behave as expected, AWDRAT invokes diagnostic services to determine what resources might have been
compromised and then updates its trust model to reflect the probabilities of compromised resources. Recovery efforts are
guided by the trust model, steering the system away from possibly comprised resources. AWDRAT was shown in both
Red-Team and internal experiments to detect and correct failures at a level exceeding the goals of the SRS program.
DTIC
Adaptation; Decision Support Systems; Diagnosis; Finite Difference Theory
20060049813 Yale Univ., New Haven, CT USA

Decentralized Control and Decentralized Adaptive Control
Narenda, Kumpati S; Jun 2006; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): FA8750-04-1-0096; DARPA ORDER-S007 J058; Proj-S007
As systems become complex with many interconnected subsystems, decentralized control becomes essential. When
certain parameters of the system are unknown, and/or when subsystems are not aware of the signals from other subsystems
that affect their behavior, we need decentralized adaptive control. The report deals with questions that arise while analyzing
the stability and performance of decentralized adaptive control systems. The project produced three specific results: 1.
Interconnected dynamical systems can be stable even when there is no communication between subsystems, provided all
subsystems have common knowledge of the goals of the other subsystems. 2. Even though stability can be achieved without
communication, the latter is necessary to satisfy performance requirements. To keep communication costs to a minimum,
partial communication has to be used. This gives rise to stability problems which were resolved. 3. The problem as to when
a subsystem in an interconnected-system communicates with another is an important one and needs to be investigated further.
Simulation results have clearly shown that significant improvement in the performance of the overall system can be achieved
by subsystems communicating only over critical intervals of time.
DTIC
Adaptive Control; Control Theory; Critical Path Method; Decision Making; Telecommunication
384
Scalable Detection and Optimization of N-ARY Linkages
Moore, Andrew; Schneider, Jeff; Kubica, Jeremy; Goldenberg, Anna; Dubrawski, Artur; Ostlund, John; Choi, Patrick;
Komarek, Jeanie; Goode, Adam; Sarkar, Purna; Jun 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-01-2-0569; Proj-EELD
Link detection and analysis has long been important in the social sciences where a single link can be the key evidence
that leads an intelligence analyst to additional clues to a threat event. A significant effort is focused on the structural and
functional analysis of ‘known’ networks. Similarly, the detection of individual links is important but is usually done with
techniques that result in ‘known’ links. More recently, the internet and other sources have led to a flood of circumstantial data
that provide probabilistic evidence of links. Co-occurrence in news articles and simultaneous travels to the same location are
two examples. We propose a probabilistic model of link generation based on membership in groups. The model considers both
observed link evidence and demographic information about the entities. The parameters of the model are learned via a
maximum likelihood search. In this paper, we describe the model and then show several heuristics that make the search
tractable. We test our model and optimization methods on synthetic data sets with a known ground truth and a database of news
articles.
DTIC
Algorithms; Group Dynamics; Linkages; Mathematical Models; Networks; Optimization

Evaluating Product Machinability for Concurrent Engineering
Nau, Dana S; Zhang, Guangming; Gupta, Satyandra K; Karinthi, Raghu R; Jan 1992; 21 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA972-88-C-0017; CDR-88-03012
Decisions made during the design of a machined part can significantly affect the product’s cost, quality, and lead time.
Thus, in order to address the goals of concurrent engineering, it is important to evaluate the machinability of the proposed
design, so that the designer can change the design to improve its machinability. To determine the machinability of the part,
all of the possible alternative ways to machine the part should be generated, and their machinability evaluated. This chapter
describes the techniques we have developed to do this automatically. The information provided by these techniques will prove
useful in two ways: (1) to provide information to the manufacturing engineer about alternative ways in which the part might
be machined, and (2) to provide feedback to the designer identifying problems that may arise with the machining.
DTIC
Concurrent Engineering; Experiment Design

Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical Systems
Wang, Hua O; Abed, Eyad H; Jun 6, 1992; 34 pp.; In English
A nonlinear system which exhibits bifurcations, transient chaos, and fully developed chaos is considered, with the goal
of illustrating the role of two ideas in the control of chaotic dynamical systems. The first of these ideas is the need for robust
control, in the sense that, even with an uncertain dynamic model of the system, the design ensures stabilization without at the
same time changing the underlying equilibrium structure of the system. Secondly, the paper shows how focusing on the control
of primary bifurcations in the model can result in the taming of chaos. The latter is an example of the ′bifurcation control’
approach. When employed along with a dynamic feedback approach to the equilibrium structure preservation issue noted
above, this results in a family of robust feedback controllers by which one can achieve various types of ′stability’ for the
system.
DTIC
Control Theory; Dynamical Systems

Wave Climate and Wave Response, Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, Hawaii
Thompson, Edward F; Demirbilek, Zeki; Briggs, Michael J; Aug 2006; 107 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454655; ERDC/CHL-TR-06-6; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A06, Hardcopy
385
Present and projected commercial activities in Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Hawaii, HI, indicate that a deeper
basin and entrance channel and better protected berthing areas will be needed. The U.S. Army Engineer District, Honolulu,
in coordination with the Harbors Division, Department of Transportation, State of Hawaii, requested numerical (computer)
model studies in support of harbor planning. Wave climate incident to Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor was developed from
National Data Buoy Center directional buoy data. Numerical model STWAVE was used to modify the buoy data to account
for significant differences in exposure between Kawaihae and the buoy locations. Numerical model CGWAVE, validated with
field measurements for short waves (wind waves and swell), was used to: 1) evaluate the impact of deepening the existing
harbor, which was found to be minimal; 2) determine optimum length for a proposed stub extending seaward parallel to the
existing entrance channel from the tip of the existing breakwater; and 3) evaluate the technical feasibility of six alternative
modifications to the harbor. Model results were compared to experience in the existing harbor and to general criteria for
operational acceptability.
DTIC
Climate; Harbors; Water Waves

A New Conceptual Framework for Net-Centric, Enterprise-Wide, System-of-Systems Engineering
Kaplan, Jeremy M; Jun 2006; 67 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
In large endeavors in business and war, competitive advantage often requires capabilities that result from the
interoperability of many systems and the integration of many processes. To succeed in these endeavors, enterprises seek to
create and maintain their best capabilities (considering performance, cost, risk, and agility) under rapidly evolving
circumstances. While achieving the best capabilities within budget and schedule constraints may be straightforward for
individual systems with documented performance requirements, it is more difficult to achieve for functions that are enabled
by multiple systems (i.e., systems-of-systems) and even more difficult to achieve across large, multi-functional enterprises.
DOD is faced by these challenges at multiple scales within and across many interacting functional areas and across its
enterprise. To facilitate progress, it effectively (and sometimes explicitly) designates specific SOSs and associated controlling
authorities at the OSD, military service, and functional levels. It also introduces integrating concepts (such as architectures),
processes (such as functional capability boards), and SOS-related concepts (such as portfolio management). This paper
presents a theoretical framework for thinking about SOSs on a large scale, a net-centric approach to SOS engineering, and a
way ahead for DOD.
DTIC
Communication Networks; Computer Networks; Interoperability; Systems Engineering
20060050015 Iowa Univ., Iowa City, IA USA

Numerical Simulations of the Fish Passage Facilities at Lower Granite Dam
Blank, Jeffery C; Weber, Larry J; Nov 2000; 85 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454156; IIHR-TR-412; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454156; Avail.:
CASI: A05, Hardcopy
The purpose of these numerical simulations is to investigate possible modifications to the fish diversion facilities currently
installed at Lower Granite Dam. These modifications are intended to refine the flow field just upstream of the powerhouse
thereby improving the juvenile salmonid attraction potential. A pressure-based finite volume, computational fluid dynamics
code was utilized to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The computational grids, comprising between
350,000 and 1,000,000 nodes, simulated a region encompassing the entire dam geometry as well as 5000 feet upstream. This
report describes the numerical model, model boundary conditions, numerical grid and general flow field dynamics obtained
from the study as well as providing recommendations for future work pertaining to numerical studies of surface collection
facilities.
DTIC
Computational Fluid Dynamics; Dams; Fishes; Granite; Mathematical Models
386
Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Tracking Capability
Gerard, Odile; Coraluppi, Stefano; Carthel,, Craig; Grimmett, Doug; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Acoustics; Multisensor Fusion; Tracking (Position)

Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Systems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Decision Making
Grasso, Raffaele; Giannecchini, Simone; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Decision Making; Decision Support Systems; Fuzzy Systems

At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Technique and First Results
Hollett, R D; Kessel, R T; Pinto, M; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Diving (Underwater); Sound Detecting and Ranging; Targets

An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Analysis
Chytka, T. M.; Brown, R. W.; Shih, A. T.; Reeves, J. D.; Dempsey, J. A.; [2006]; 15 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO
Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color
illustrations
A03, Hardcopy
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is the evaluation of the impacts that design decisions have on a system and provides a
framework for identifying and evaluating design benefits and burdens associated with the life cycles of space transportation
systems from a ‘cradle-to-grave’ approach. Sometimes called life cycle assessment, life cycle approach, or ‘cradle to grave
analysis’, it represents a rapidly emerging family of tools and techniques designed to be a decision support methodology and
aid in the development of sustainable systems. The implementation of a Life Cycle Analysis can vary and may take many
forms; from global system-level uncertainty-centered analysis to the assessment of individualized discriminatory metrics. This
paper will focus on a proven LCA methodology developed by the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD) at
NASA Langley Research Center to quantify and assess key LCA discriminatory metrics, in particular affordability, reliability,
maintainability, and operability. This paper will address issues inherent in Life Cycle Analysis including direct impacts, such
as system development cost and crew safety, as well as indirect impacts, which often take the form of coupled metrics (i.e.,
the cost of system unreliability). Since LCA deals with the analysis of space vehicle system conceptual designs, it is imperative
to stress that the goal of LCA is not to arrive at the answer but, rather, to provide important inputs to a broader strategic
planning process, allowing the managers to make risk-informed decisions, and increase the likelihood of meeting mission
success criteria.
Author
Life (Durability); Systems Integration; Space Transportation System; Systems Engineering; Decision Support Systems

Decision Support Methods and Tools
Green, Lawrence L.; Alexandrov, Natalia M.; Brown, Sherilyn A.; Cerro, Jeffrey A.; Gumbert, Clyde r.; Sorokach, Michael
R.; Burg, Cecile M.; [2006]; 38 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference,
6-8 Sep. 2006, Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations
387
This paper is one of a set of papers, developed simultaneously and presented within a single conference session, that are
intended to highlight systems analysis and design capabilities within the Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate (SACD)
of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center (LaRC). This paper focuses on the
specific capabilities of uncertainty/risk analysis, quantification, propagation, decomposition, and management, robust/
reliability design methods, and extensions of these capabilities into decision analysis methods within SACD. These disciplines
are discussed together herein under the name of Decision Support Methods and Tools. Several examples are discussed which
highlight the application of these methods within current or recent aerospace research at the NASA LaRC. Where applicable,
commercially available, or government developed software tools are also discussed
Author
Decision Theory; Systems Analysis; NASA Programs; Reliability; Decomposition

Generalized Physical Networks for Automated Model Building
Easley, Matthew; Bradley, Elizabeth; Jan 1999; 9 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-1-0720; CCR-9357740
We present a new knowledge representation and reasoning framework for modeling nonlinear dynamical systems. The
goals of this framework are to smoothly incorporate varying levels of domain knowledge and to tailor the reasoning methods
and hence the search space accordingly. Our solution exploits generalized physical networks (GPN), a meta-level
representation of idealized two-terminal elements, together with a hierardiy of qualitative and quantitative analysis tools, to
produce a dynamic modeling domain whose complexity naturally adapts to the amount of available information about the
target system.
DTIC
Mathematical Models; Automatic Control
67
THEORETICAL MATHEMATICS
Includes algebra, functional analysis, geometry, topology, set theory, group theory and number theory.

A Convergence Theory for a Class of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Optimization
Fontecilla, Rodrigo; Steihaug, Trond; Tapia, Richard A; Feb 1986; 28 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): ASO5-82-ER13016; DAAG29-83-K-0035
A03, Hardcopy
In this paper we develop a general convergence theory for a class of quasi-Newton methods for equality constrained
optimization. The theory is set in the framework of the diagonalized multiplier method defined by Tapia and is an extension
of the theory developed by Glad. We believe that this framework is flexible and amenable to convergence analysis and
generalizations. A key ingredient of a method in this class is a multiplier update. Our theory is tested by showing that a
straightforward application gives the best known convergence results for several known multiplier updates. Also a
characterization of q.superlinear convergence is presented. It is shown that in the special case when the diagonalized multiplier
method is equivalent to the successive quadratic programming approach, our general characterization result gives the Boggs,
Tolle and Wang characterization.
DTIC
Convergence; Newton Methods

A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance With Non-Holonomic Robots
Manikonda, Vikram; Jan 1994; 85 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453249; IRS-MS-94-8; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453249; Avail.:
CASI: A05, Hardcopy
The primary focus is on providing a formal basis for behavior-based robotics using techniques that have been successful
388
in control-based approaches for steering and stabilizing robots that are subject to nonholonomic constraints. In particular,
behaviors for robots are formalized in terms of kinetic state machines, a motion description language and the interaction of
the kinetic state machine with information coming in from (limited range) sensors. This allows us to create a mathematical
basis for discussing these systems, including techniques for integrating sets of behaviors. In addition we suggest optimality
criteria for comparing both atomic and compound behaviors in various environments. A hybrid architecture for the
implementation of path planners that use the motion description language is presented. The design and implementation of a
planner for path planning and examples of obstacle avoidance with nonholonomic robots are discussed.
DTIC
Control; Obstacle Avoidance; Robots; Trajectory Planning

Second Order Behavior of Pattern Search
Abramson, Mark A; Jan 2004; 17 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Abstract. Previous analyses of pattern search algorithms for unconstrained and linearly constrained minimization have
focused on proving convergence of a subsequence of iterates to a limit point satisfying either directional or first-order
necessary conditions for optimality, depending on the smoothness of the objective function in a neighborhood of the limit
point. Even though pattern search methods require no derivative information, we are able to prove some limited directional
second-order results. Although not as strong as classical second-order necessary conditions, these results are stronger than the
first order conditions that many gradient-based methods satisfy. Under fairly mild conditions, we can eliminate from
consideration all strict local maximizers and an entire class of saddle points.
DTIC
Algorithms; Theorems

Gradient Flow Based Matrix Joint Diagonalization for Independent Component Analysis
Afsari, Bijan; Jan 2004; 117 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
In this thesis, employing the theory of matrix Lie groups, we develop gradient based flows for the problem of
Simultaneous or Joint Diagonalization (JD) of a set of symmetric matrices. This problem has applications in many fields
especially in the field of Independent Component Analysis (ICA). We consider both orthogonal and non-orthogonal JD. We
view the JD problem as minimization of a common quadric cost function on a matrix group. We derive gradient based flows
together with suitable discretizations for minimization of this cost function on the Riemannian manifolds of O(n) and GL(n).
We use the developed JD methods to introduce a new class of ICA algorithms that sphere the data, however do not restrict
the subsequent search for the un-mixing matrix to orthogonal matrices. These methods provide robust ICA algorithms in
Gaussian noise by making effective use of both second and higher order statistics.
DTIC
Algorithms; Gradients

An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Rotational Symmetry
Seidman, Thomas I; Dec 1986; 42 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
We consider convergence of an approximation method for the recovery of a rotationally symmetric potential psi from the
sequence of eigenvalues. In order to permit the consideration of ′rough’ potentials psi (having essentially H (-1) (0,1)
regularity). we first indicate the appropriate interpretation of -A+psi (with boundary conditions) as a self-adjoint densely
defined operator on Hamiltonian : = L (2) and then show a suitable continuous dependence on psi for the relevant eigenvalues.
The approach to the inverse problem is by the method of ′generalized interpolation and, assuming uniqueness, it is shown that
389
one has convergence to the correct potential psi (strongly. for an appropriate norm) for a sequence of computationally
implementable approximations
DTIC
Eigenvalues; Inversions; Symmetry

Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Approach
Zheng, Yefeng; Doermann, David; Dec 2004; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453579; UMIACS-TR-2004-75; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453579;
Shape matching, or image registration, which is often formulated as a point matching problem, is frequently encountered
in image analysis, computer vision, and pattern recognition. Although the problem of registering rigid shapes was widely
studied, non-rigid shape matching has recently received more and more attention. For non-rigid shapes, most neighboring
points cannot move independently under deformation due to physical constraints. Therefore, though the absolute distance
between two points may change significantly, the neighborhood of a point is well preserved in general. Based on this
observation, we formulate point matching as a graph matching problem. Each point is a node in the graph, and two nodes are
connected by an edge if their Euclidean distance is less than a threshold. The optimal match between two graphs is the one
that maximizes the number of matched edges. The shape context distance is used to initialize the graph matching, and
relaxation labeling (after enforcing one-to-one matching) is used to refine the matching results. Non-rigid deformation is
overcome by bringing one shape closer to the other in each iteration using deformation parameters estimated from the current
point correspondence. Experiments on real and synthesized data demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach: it outperforms
shape context and TPS-RPM algorithms under non-rigid deformation and noise on a public data set.
DTIC
Image Processing; Pattern Registration; Shapes

Development and Validation of Reentry Simulation Using MATLAB
Jameson, Jr, Robert E; Mar 2006; 146 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453604; AFIT/GSS/ENY/06-M08; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453604;
This research effort develops a program using MATLAB to solve the equations of motion for atmospheric reentry and
analyzes the validity of the program for use as a tool to expeditiously predict reentry profiles. The reentry vehicle is modeled
as a point mass with constant aerodynamic properties as defined by the user. The equations of motion for reentry are based
on the two-body problem. The atmosphere is modeled as a single layer exponentially decreasing in density. The MATLAB
program has the ability to derive the initial trajectory conditions from the position and velocity relative to the rotating surface
of the Earth, the Earth-centered inertial position and velocity, or the classic orbital elements. The program is compared to
previously established programs in order to validate its accuracy and numerical stability when predicting various reentry
profiles to include sub-orbital, super-circular and hyperbolic trajectories as well as wide ranges of aerodynamic properties.
DTIC
Equations of Motion; Reentry Vehicles; Simulation; Trajectories

Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measurements on a Truncated Cylinder
Hansen, Thorkild B; Feb 2006; 13 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453720; AFRL-SN-HS-JA-2004-1195; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
A probe-corrected theory is presented for computing the acoustic far fields of transducers and scatterers from
measurements of near fields on a cylindrical surface. The near-field data is truncated at the top, bottom, and angular edges of
the scan cylinder. These truncation edges can cause inaccuracies in the computer far fields. Correction techniques are
developed for the top and bottom truncation edges. The cylindrical wave expansions automatically apply an angular taper to
the near-field data that reduces the effect of the angular truncation edges. The taper function depends on the probe and the
390
angular sample spacing. The theory is validated through numerical example involving a point source and a baffled piston
transducer probe.
DTIC
Acoustics; Cylindrical Bodies; Measurement; Near Fields

Including Nearshore Processes in Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Models
Johnson, Bradley D; Aug 2006; 47 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The large spatial and time scales of the numerical modeling projects of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
requires the use of computationally efficient phase-averaged hydrodynamic models derived by averaging the equations of
motion over a representative short wave period. Guidance in modeling nearshore regions with phase-averaged hydrodynamic
models is provided herein. Physical processes unique to the surf zone are described along with methods of incorporating these
effects to improve hydrodynamic predictions. Comparisons to detailed measurements from a laboratory basin experiment are
used to demonstrate the significance of including processes unique to nearshore regions. To provide guidance that is applicable
to varied phase-averaged models, details of the implementation are not provided herein, and the focus is on conceptual models
DTIC
Beaches; Hydrodynamics; Shear Stress

A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlinear Parabolic PDE
Witelski, Thomas P; Schaeffer, David G; Shearer, Michael; Feb 23, 2001; 41 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0128; NSF-DMS98-03305
Hardcopy
We study a finite-difference discretization of an ill posed nonlinear parabolic partial differential equation. The PDE is the
one dimensional version of a simplified two dimensional model for the formation of shear bands via anti-plane shear of a
granular medium. For the discretized initial value problem, we derive analytically, and observed numerically, a two-stage
evolution leading to a steady-state: (i) an initial growth of grid-scale instabilities, and (ii) coarsening dynamics. Elaborating
the second phase, at any fixed time the solution has a piecewise linear profile with a finite number of shear bands. In this
coarsening phase, one shear band after another collapses until a steady state with just one jump discontinuity is achieved. The
amplitude of this steady state shear band is derived analytically, but due to the ill posedness of the underlying problem, its
position exhibits sensitive dependence. Analyzing data from the simulations, we observe that the number of shear bands at
time t decays like 1/t-cubed. From this scaling law we show that the time-scale of the coarsening phase in the evolution of
this media critically depends on the discreteness of the model. Our analysis also has implications to related ill posed nonlinear
PDEs for the one- dimensional Perona-Malik equation in image processing and to models for clustering instabilities in
granular materials.
DTIC
Mathematical Models; Nonlinearity; Partial Differential Equations

Representations of Quasi-Newton Matrices and Their Use in Limited Memory Methods
Byrd, Richard H; Nocedal, Jorge; Schnabel, Robert B; Oct 6, 1992; 34 pp.; In English
We derive compact representations of BFGS and symmetric rank-one matrices for optimization. These representations
allow us to efficiently implement limited memory methods for large constrained optimization problems. In particular, we
discuss how to compute projections of limited memory matrices onto subspaces. We also present a compact representation of
the matrices generated by Broyden’s update for solving systems of nonlinear equations.
DTIC
Algebra; Nonlinear Equations
391
Guardian Maps and the Generalized Stability of Parametrized Families of Matrices and Polynomials
Saydy, Lahcen; Tits, Andre; Abed, Eyad H; Mar 1989; 40 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-87-0073; NSF-CDR88-03012
The generalized stability of families of real matrices and polynomials is considered. (Generalized stability is meant in the
usual sense of confinement of matrix eigenvalues or polynomial zeros to a prespecified domain in the complex plane, and
includes Hurwitz and Schur stability as special cases.) ‘Guardian maps’ and ‘semiguardian maps’ are introduced as a unifying
tool for the study of this problem. Basically these are scalar maps which vanish when their matrix or polynomial argument
loses stability. Such maps are exhibited for a wide variety of cases of interest corresponding to generalized stability with
respect to domains of the complex plane. In the case of one- and two-parameter families of matrices or polynomials, concise
necessary and sufficient conditions for generalized stability are derived. For the general multiparameter case, the problem is
transformed into one of checking that a given map is nonzero for the allowed parameter values.
DTIC
Matrix Theory; Polynomials; Stability

On Stabilization with a Prescribed Region of Asymptotic Stability
Saydy, Lahcen; Abed, Eyad H; Tits, Andre L; Jan 1988; 10 pp.; In English
An important unsolved problem in nonlinear control is that of stabilization with a prescribed region of stability. In this
paper, sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of a linear feedback stabilizing an equilibrium point of a given
nonlinear system with the resulting region of asymptotic stability (RAS) containing a ball of given radius. Conditions for
global stabilization are also given. Feedback stabilization is achieved while satisfying a certain robustness property. The
technique is applied to planar systems, resulting in a complete design methodology for this case. Examples and simulations
illustrating the method are presented.
DTIC
Asymptotic Methods; Asymptotic Properties; Control Theory; Normality

On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar Linkages
Yang, Rui; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1989; 25 pp.; In English
The hamiltonian structure of floating, planar four-bar linkages is discussed. The geometry of configuration space is related
to the classical theory of mechanisms due to Grashof. For generic value of kinematic parameters, the techniques of symplectic
(and Poisson) reduction apply.
DTIC
Floating; Hamiltonian Functions; Linkages

Application of Center Manifold Reduction to System Stabilization
Liaw, Der-Cherng; Abed, Eyad H; Feb 1991; 21 pp.; In English
The Center Manifold Theorem is applied to the local feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems in critical cases. The
paper addresses two particular critical cases for which the system linearization at the equilibrium point of interest is assumed
to possess either a simple zero eigenvalue or a complex conjugate pair of simple, pure imaginary eigenvalues. In either case,
the noncritical eigenvalues are taken to be stable. The results on stabilizability and stabilization are given explicitly in terms
of the nonlinear model of interest in its original form (i.e., before reduction to the center manifold). Moreover, the formulation
392
given in this paper uncovers connections between results obtained using the center manifold reduction and those of an
alternative approach.
DTIC
Control; Eigenvalues; Feedback; Nonlinear Systems

Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, and Estimation
Gneiting, Tilmann; Raftery, Adrian E; Nov 2005; 39 pp.; In English
Scoring rules assess the quality of probabilistic forecasts, by assigning a numerical score based on the forecast and on the
event or value that materializes. This paper reviews and develops the theory of proper scoring rules on general probability
spaces, and proposes and discusses examples thereof. Proper scoring rules derive from convex functions and relate to
information measures, entropy functions and Bregman divergences. In the case of categorical variables, we prove a rigorous
version of the Savage representation. The continuous ranked probability score applies to probabilistic forecasts that take the
form of predictive cumulative distribution functions. It generalizes the absolute error and forms a special case of a new and
very general type of score, the energy score. The energy score admits a representation in terms of negative definite functions,
with links to inequalities of Hoe ding type, in both univariate and multivariate settings. Proper scoring rules for quantile and
interval forecasts are also discussed. We relate proper scoring rules to Bayes factors and to cross-validation, and propose a
novel form of cross-validation, random-fold cross-validated likelihood.
DTIC
Prediction Analysis Techniques; Scoring

Well-Posedness and Convergence of Some Regularization Methods for Nonlinear Ill-Posed Problems
Seidman, Thomas I; Vogel, Curtis R; Jan 1987; 16 pp.; In English
This paper analyzes two regularization methods for nonlinear ill-posed problems. The first is a penalty method called
Tikhonov regularization, in which one solves an unconstrained optimization problem while the second is based on a
constrained optimization problem. For each method we examine the well-posedness of the respective optimization problem.
We then show strong convergence of the regularized ′solutions’ to the true solution. (Note that this is well known for the
application of these methods to linear problems.) This analysis considers such factors as the convergence of perturbed data
to the true data, inexact solution of the respective optimization problems, and the choice of the regularization parameters.
DTIC
Convergence; Nonlinearity

Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Transform in Real Hyperbolic Spaces
Berenstein, Carlos A; Tarabusi, Enrico C; Jan 1991; 20 pp.; In English
Characterizations of the range of the totally geodesic k-dimensional Radon transform on the n-dimensional hyperbolic
space are given both in terms of moment conditions and as the kernel of a differential operator.
DTIC
Geodesic Lines; Integral Transformations; Radon

Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlinear Systems with an Uncontrollable Critical Mode
Fu, Jyun-Horng; Abed, Eyad H; Nov 17, 1992; 22 pp.; In English
Linear feedback stabilization of nonlinear systems is studied for systems whose linearization at an equilibrium point
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possesses a simple critical mode that is uncontrollable. The results complement previous work on the synthesis of nonlinear
stabilizing control laws. The present work addresses continuous-time systems for which the linearization has either a simple
zero eigenvalue or a pair of simple pure imaginary eigenvalues. Both the stability analysis and stabilizing control design
employ results on stability of bifurcations of parametrized systems.
DTIC
Control; Eigenvalues; Feedback; Nonlinear Systems
20060049778 Connecticut Univ., Storrs, CT USA

Computational Modeling of Multicomponent Diffusion Using Fortran
Pasquariello, Mi hael V; Jul 2006; 58 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAA17-03-C-0016
Report No.(s): AD-A454884; ARL-CR-575; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
The objective of this thesis was to develop a Fortran software package, using three modules, in order to extract diffusion
data from concentration profiles and to predict future concentration profiles. The first module will be a finite difference code
that uses the multicomponent form of Fick’s First Law, and the time evolution of concentration will be calculated using the
implicit Crank-Nicholson method. The second module will take into account movements of boundaries between regions in the
interdiffusion zone, via equations that assume local equilibrium, and take into account that mass must be conserved. The first
and second module will be used to predict how measured concentration profiles will change with time. The purpose of the third
module will be to extract diffusivity data from measured concentration profiles. This module will use a matrix inversion
method to calculate the diffusivities. In conclusion, the original objective of this project was not met to its full completion.
Several factors contributed to this shortcoming, but the primary obstacle was the correlation between the software and the
input data. While the software ran successfully with many different known solutions, it did not perform well using actual
concentration profile data from the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. Most likely, this is due to the limited amount of species
data, the accuracy of the data itself, and the spacing between each data point. All efforts should be taken to obtain more
accurate, smoother input data which will allow the software to run with fewer obstacles and, in turn, produce cleaner output
data. Once the input data is appropriate, the programmer should return to fine tune the individual software programs to allow
them to work with the new data. This may require using a filtering subroutine in order to accept only worthy data from the
input stream.
DTIC
Computer Programs; Diffusion; Finite Difference Theory; FORTRAN

Families of Liapunov Functions for Nonlinear Systems in Critical Cases
Fu, Jyun-Horng; Abed, Eyad H; Oct 1991; 36 pp.; In English
Liapunov functions are constructed for nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations whose linearized system at an
equilibrium point possesses either a simple zero eigenvalue or a complex conjugate pair of simple, pure imaginary
eigenvalues. The construction is explicit, and yields parametrized families of Liapunov functions for such systems. In the case
of a zero eigenvalue, the Liapunov functions contain quadratic and cubic terms in the state. Quartic terms appear as well for
the case of a pair of pure imaginary eigenvalues. Predictions of local asymptotic stability using these Liapunov functions are
shown to coincide with those of pertinent bifurcation-theoretic calculations. The development of the paper is carried out using
elementary properties of multilinear functions. The Liapunov function families thus obtained are amenable to symbolic
computer coding.
DTIC
Asymptotic Properties; Control; Eigenvalues; Feedback; Liapunov Functions; Nonlinear Systems

High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Control of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
Leonard, Naomi E; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1993; 30 pp.; In English
In this paper, the authors extend their earlier results on the use of periodic forcing and averaging to solve the constructive
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controllability problem for drift-free left-invariant systems on Lie groups with fewer controls than state variables. In particular,
they prove a third-order averaging theorem applicable to systems evolving on general matrix Lie groups and show how to use
the resulting approximations to construct open-loop controls for complete controllability of systems that require up to
depth-two Lie brackets to satisfy the Lie algebra controllability rank condition. The motion control problem for an autonomous
underwater vehicle is modelled as a drift-free, left-invariant system on the matrix Lie group SE(3). In the general case, when
only one translational and two angular control inputs are available, this system satisfies the controllability rank condition using
depth-two Lie brackets. They use the third-order averaging result and its geometric interpretation to construct open loop
controls to arbitrarily translate and orient an autonomous underwater vehicle.
DTIC
Autonomy; Control; Controllability; Lie Groups; Motion; Nonlinear Systems; Robotics; Underwater Vehicles

Stability Results in Learning Theory
Rakhlin, Alexander; Mukherjee, Sayan; Poggio, Tomaso; Aug 22, 2005; 22 pp.; In English
The problem of proving generalization bounds for the performance of learning algorithms can be formulated as a problem
of bounding the bias and variance of estimators of the expected error. We show how various stability assumptions can be
employed for this purpose. We provide a necessary and sufficient stability condition for bounding the bias and variance for
the Empirical Risk Minimization algorithm, and various sufficient conditions for bounding bias and variance of estimators for
general algorithms. We discuss settings in which it is possible to obtain exponential bounds, and we prove an extension of the
bounded-difference inequality for ‘almost always’ stable algorithms.
DTIC
Algorithms; Learning; Learning Theory; Stability; Statistical Analysis

Model Averaging and Dimension Selection for the Singular Value Decomposition
Hoff, Peter D; Jan 10, 2006; 25 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-02-1-1011; NSF-SES-0417559
Many multivariate data analysis techniques for an m x n matrix Y are related to the model Y = M+E, where Y is an m
x n matrix of full rank and M is an unobserved mean matrix of rank K \h (m^n). Typically the rank of M is estimated in a
heuristic way and then the least-squares estimate of M is obtained via the singular value decomposition of Y, yielding an
estimate that can have a very high variance. In this paper we suggest a model-based alternative to the above approach by
providing prior distributions and posterior estimation for the rank of M and the components of its singular value
decomposition.
DTIC
Decomposition; Mathematical Models; Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Least-Squares
Lippert, Ross; Rifkin, Ryan; Oct 2005; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-MDA972-04-1-0037; Proj-00014-02-1-0915
Report No.(s): AD-A454981; AI-MEMO-2005-030; CBCL-MEMO-257; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
We consider regularized least-squares (RLS) with a Gaussian kernel. We prove that if we let the Gaussian bandwidth
sigma -\ginfinity while letting the regularization parameter lambda -\g0, the RLS solution tends to a polynomial whose order
is controlled by the relative rates of decay of 1/sigma(exp2) and lambda : if lambda = sigma (exp- (2k+1)), then, as sigma
-\ginfinity the RLS solution tends to the kth order polynomial with minimal empirical error. We illustrate the result with an
example.
DTIC
Least Squares Method; Numerical Analysis; Quadratures
395
Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in H2(II+)
Pati, Y C; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1992; 29 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-88-0204; AFOSR-90-0105
This paper investigates fram decompositions of H2 (Pi+) as a method of constructing rational approximations to
nonrational transfer functions in Li2 (Pi+). The frames of interest are generated from a single analyzing wavelet. We consider
the case in which the analyzing waveiet is rational and show that by appropriate grouping of terms in a wavelet expansion,
H2 (Pi+) can be decomposed as an infinite sum of rational transfer functions which are related to one another by dilation and
translation. Criteria for selecting a finite number of terms from such an infinite expansion are developed using time frequency
localization properties of wavelets.
DTIC
Wavelet Analysis; Approximation; Decomposition
70
PHYSICS (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to mechanics, kinetics, magnetism, and electrodynamics. For specific areas of physics see
categories 71 through 77. For related instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photography; for geophysics, astrophysics, or solar
physics see 46 Geophysics, 90 Astrophysics, or 92 Solar Physics.
20060048160 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY USA, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany, Soltan
Inst. for Nuclear Studies, Swierk, Poland, State Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
Superconducting Photocathodes
Smedley, J.; Rao, T.; Warren, J.; Sekutowicz, J.; Langner, J.; Apr. 2006; 18 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881993; BNL-75737; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
We present the results of our investigation of lead and niobium as suitable photocathode materials for superconducting
RF injectors. Quantum efficiencies (QE) have been measured for a range of incident photon energies and a variety of cathode
preparation methods, including various lead plating techniques on a niobium substrate. The effects of operating at ambient and
cryogenic temperatures and different vacuum levels on the cathode QE have also been studied.
NTIS
Electron Beams; Niobium; Photocathodes; Superconductivity
20060048161 Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY USA

Diamond Secondary Emitter
Ben-Zvi, I.; Rao, T.; Burrill, A.; Chang, X.; Grimes, J.; Apr. 2006; 24 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881992; BNL-75734; No Copyright; Avail.: Department of Energy Information Bridge
We present the design and experimental progress on the diamond secondary emitter as an electron source for high average
power injectors. The design criteria for average currents up to 1 A and charge up to 20 nC are established. Secondary Electron
Yield (SEY) exceeding 200 in transmission mode and 50 in emission mode have been measured. Preliminary results on the
design and fabrication of the self contained capsule with primary electron source and secondary electron emitter will also be
presented.
NTIS
Brightness; Diamonds; Electron Sources; Emitters
20060048163 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Stanford Univ., CA, USA
HOM Effects in Vacuum System with Short Bunches
Novokhatski, A.; May 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881964; SLAC-PUB-11199; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
High luminosity in electron-positron factories requires high currents of very short bunches. SLAC PEP-II and KEKB
B-factories are progressively increasing currents gaining more and more luminosity. Simultaneously the interaction of high
currents and vacuum chamber elements becomes more important for operation of the rings. High Order Modes excited by
short intense bunches are propagating along the vacuum chamber, penetrating and dissipating inside vital vacuum elements,
like shielded bellows, vacuum valves and vacuum pump. As a result, these elements get large temperature rise or temperature
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oscillations. Often HOM heating has a resonance character. HOM heating of vacuum pumps leads to increasing of the vacuum
pressure. High frequency modes check the quality of vacuum chamber: they detect small gaps, weak RF screens or
feed-through. Smooth tapers and collimators become the source of HOM production. We will discuss the physical nature of
these exciting HOM effects.
NTIS
Heating; High Current; Industrial Plants; Particle Accelerators; Vacuum Systems
20060048170 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Stanford Univ., CA, USA
Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Vauum Decay
Green, D.; Silverstein, E.; Starr, D.; May 2006; 30 pp.; In English
We present a mechanism for catalyzed vacuum bubble production obtained by combining moduli stabilization with a
generalized attractor phenomenon in which moduli are sourced by compact objects. This leads straightforwardly to a class of
examples in which the Hawking decay process for black holes unveils a bubble of a different vacuum from the ambient one,
generalizing the new endpoint for Hawking evaporation discovered recently by Horowitz. Catalyzed vacuum bubble
production can occur for both charged and uncharged bodies, including Schwarzschild black holes for which massive particles
produced in the Hawking process can trigger vacuum decay. We briefly discuss applications of this process to the population
and stability of metastable vacua.
NTIS
Black Holes (Astronomy); Bubbles; Catalysis; Explosions; Vacuum
20060048171 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Stanford Univ., CA, USA, Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL,
USA, Columbia Univ., New York, NY, USA
Observational Signatures and Non-Gaussianities of General Single Field Inflation
Chen, X.; Huang, M. X.; Kachru, S.; Shiu, G.; January 2005; 54 pp.; In English
We perform a general study of primordial scalar non-Gaussianities in single field inflationary models. We consider models
where the inflation Lagrangian is an arbitrary function of the scalar field and its first derivative, and the sound speed is
arbitrary. We find that under reasonable assumptions, the non-Gaussianity is completely determined by 5 parameters. In special
limits of the parameter space, one finds distinctive shapes of the non-Gaussianity. In models with a small sound speed, several
of these shapes would become potentially observable in the near future. Different limits of our formulae recover various
previously known results.
NTIS
Scalars; Signatures
20060048172 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley,
CA, USA
Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime to eta prime K*
Abuert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; Apr. 2006; 14 pp.; In English
The authors describe searches for decays of B mesons to the charmless final states (eta)’(eta)’K. The data consist of 228
million B(bar B) pairs produced in e(sup +)e(sup -) annihilation, collected with the BABAR detector at the Stanford Linear
Accelerator Center. The 90% confidence level upper limits for the branching fractions are (Beta)(B(sup 0) (yields)
(eta)’(eta)’K(sup 0)) \h 31 x 10(sup -6) and (Beta)(B(sup +) (yields) (eta)’(eta)’K(sup +)) \h 25 x 10(sup -6).
NTIS
Mesons; Particle Decay
20060048175 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA

Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+yields K+K+K-
Dvoretskii, A.; January 2005; 130 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): DE2006-881954; SLAC-R-822; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The authors perform an analysis of the three-body charmless decay B(sup (+-)) (yields) K(sup (+-))K(sup (+-))K(sup (-+))
using a sample of 226.0 (+-) 2.5 million B(bar B) pairs collected by the BABAR detector and measure the total branching
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fraction and Cp asymmetry to be (beta) = (35.2 (+-) 0.9 (+-) 1.6) x 10(sup -6) and A(sub CP) = (-1.7 (+-) 2.6 (+-) 1.5)%. They
fit the Dalitz plot distribution using an isobar model and report the measured values of magnitudes and phases of the
production coefficients. The decay dynamics is dominated by the K(sup +)K(sup -) S-wave, for which we perform a
partial-wave analysis in the region m(K(sup +)K(sup -)) \h 2 GeV/c(sup 2). They find no evidence of CP violation for
individual components of the isobar model.
NTIS
Particle Decay; Charm (Particle Physics)

Measurement of CP-Violating Parameters in Fully Reconstructed B to D(*)+-pi-+ and B to D+-rho-+ Decays
Jul. 2005; 22 pp.; In English
The authors present a preliminary measurement of the CP-violating parameters in fully reconstructed B(sup 0) (yields)
D(sup (*)(+-))(pi)(sup (-+)) and B(sup 0) (yields) D(sup (+-))(rho)(sup (-+)) decays in approximately 232 million
(Upsilon)(4S) (yields) B(bar B) decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at
SLAC.
NTIS
Invariance; Mesons

Practical Twistor Spinoffs: On Shell Tree and Loop Recursion Relations
Dixon, L. J.; Jul. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
The author briefly reviews how on-shell recursion relations, whose development was stimulated by recent twistor-space
approaches, have been applied to compute tree and one-loop amplitudes in quantum chromodynamics (QCD).
NTIS
Quantum Chromodynamics; Linearity

Science and Technology Review: Spheromak Plasma Heats Up
This month’s issue has the following articles: (1) The Pursuit of Fusion Energy--Commentary by William H. Goldstein;
(2) A Dynamo of a Plasma--The self-organizing magnetized plasmas in a Livermore fusion energy experiment are akin to solar
flares and galactic jets; (3) How One Equation Changed the World--A three-page paper by Albert Einstein revolutionized
physics by linking mass and energy; (4) Recycled Equations Help Verify Livermore Codes--New analytic solutions for
imploding spherical shells give scientists additional tools for verifying codes; and (5) Dust That’s Worth Keeping--Scientists
have solved the mystery of an astronomical spectral feature in interplanetary dust particles.
NTIS
Plasmas (Physics); Research and Development; Spheromaks; Technologies

Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Polarization Hysteresis Model
Smith, Ralph C; Hatch, Andrew; Jan 2004; 10 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0107; CMS-0099764
Hardcopy
This paper focuses on the development of parameter estimation techniques for models quantifying hysteresis and
constitutive nonlinearities in ferroelectric materials. These models are formulated as integral equations with known kernels and
unknown densities to be identified through least squares fit to data. Due to the compactness of the integral operators, the
resulting discretized models inherit ill-posedness which often must be accommodated through regularization. The accuracy of
398
regularized finite-dimensional models is illustrated through comparison with experimental data.
DTIC
Estimating; Hysteresis; Models; Parameter Identification
20060048689 Congressional Budget Office, Washington, DC USA

CBO Testimony: Aging Military Equipment
Pierrot, Lane; Feb 24, 1999; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO’s) analysis suggests that stocks of many kinds of military equipment are already
at a higher average age than they have been in the past. Even if the Department of Defense (DoD) increases purchases as its
current plans project, that trend will continue. Those added purchases are scheduled to occur in the years beyond 2000, when
the Administration projects large real increases in aggregate defense spending, including higher funding for procurement. The
Administration’s budget plan, however, depends on savings in other areas of the federal budget that may be difficult to realize.
Most of the added funding is premised on the assumption that Social Security reform will free up significant budgetary
resources. But the Administration and Congress have yet to agree to changes in the Social Security system, much less to
reforms that would generate large savings. The remainder of the spending increase for defense comes from revisions to the
Balanced Budget Act that have not yet been negotiated. DoD took a procurement holiday in the 1990s and is finding it difficult
to recover. In the aftermath of the Cold War, DoD cut its procurement funding more deeply than it cut its forces. Average
purchases over the past decade sank well below the quantities needed to sustain the forces; in some cases, procurement
dropped to zero. To equip all its forces, with deliveries modest, at best, the military services had to extend planned service
lives further than in the past. Because of imbalances between the budget and the program, DoD’s fleets will grow considerably
older. Neither the Administration nor Congress appears to support further reductions in the forces DoD can field. But to halt
fleet aging, DoD must either add funding to its procurement accounts to increase purchases, or cut its forces further. This
testimony will focus on the ages of DoD’s current and future fleets and on past, planned, and steady-state purchases and
procurement funding.
DTIC
Military Technology; Procurement
20060048924 Technispan, LLC, Pikesville, MD USA

Physical Methods For Inactivating Spores: A Critical Assessment
Spangler, Glenn E; Setlow, Peter; Setlow, Barbara; Nov 19, 2003; 8 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
A significant literature has developed around the application of physical techniques to the inactivation of spores. These
include pulsed high electric fields, plasma sterilization, and supercritical fluid extraction, in addition to the more traditional
autoclaving technique. Pulsed high electric fields electroporate protective membranes, plasma sterilizers generate very reactive
species, and supercritical fluids extract biologically significant compounds. Not all these techniques work as described,
however. The cortex interferes with electroporation by showing properties similar to an ion channel, plasma sterilizers are
sensitive to the composition of the working gas, and supercritical fluids are acidic in the presence of water. The use of an
optimized combination of techniques provides a more efficient kill ratio.
DTIC
Deactivation; Electric Fields; Spores

Design and Performance of GMR Sensors for the Detection of Magnetic Microbeads in Biosensors
Rife, J C; Miller, M M; Sheehan, P E; Tamanaha, C R; Tondra, M; Whitman, L J; Mar 19, 2003; 35 pp.; In English
We are developing a biosensor system, the Bead ARray Counter (BARC), based on the capture and detection of
micron-sized, paramagnetic beads on a chip containing an array of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors. Here we describe
the design and performance of our current chip with 64 sensor zones, compare its performance with the previous chip design,
and discuss a simple analytical model of the sensor micromagnetics. With assay-ready Dynal M-280 microbeads (2.8 m
diameter), our threshold for detection is approximately 10 beads per 200 m-diameter sensor. Single beads made of solid
Ni30Fe70 can easily be detected, but they must be made biocompatible. The relatively large size of our sensors helps to
399
improve their practical sensitivity compared with other microsensor-based magnetic particle detectors.
DTIC
Bioinstrumentation; Magnetoresistivity; Paramagnetism

Investigation of Frequency-Domain and Time-Domain Free-Space Material Measurements
Cassell, Kirt J; Mar 2006; 76 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453927; AFIT/GE/ENG/06-12; No Copyright; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
Electromagnetic material characterization is the process of determining the complex permittivity and permeability of a
test sample. The primary goal of this thesis is to develop a new two-transmission material measurement method to decrease
the error associated with using a reflection measurement. The transmission method uses a sample transmission measurement
and an acrylic-backed sample transmission measurement. This technique is first demonstrated in a rectangular waveguide
system then extended to frequency-domain and time-domain focus arch free-space systems. The frequency-domain free-space
calibration process decreases accuracy at the band edges. The use of a digital oscilloscope with a time-domain reflectometer
(TDR) module should increase accuracy by removing the windowing and transforming operations and is a secondary goal of
this thesis. The two transmission method is compared to the NRW method to validate the two transmission method in all three
measuring devices.
DTIC
Frequencies; Magnetic Materials; Measurement

Smart Structures: Model Development and Control Applications
Smith, Ralph C; Jan 2001; 49 pp.; In English
This paper addresses aspects of model development and control design for smart structure which utilize piezoelectric,
electrostrictive, magnetostrictive or shape memory alloys. The advent of these materials as sensors and actuators provides the
opportunity for designing systems with improved performance while reducing weight, hardware and power requirements. At
high drive levels, however, all of these materials exhibit nonlinear constitutive relations and varying degrees of hysteresis
which must be accommodated to realize their full potential in smart structures. We outline a variety of modeling techniques
and illustrate their use in feedback, feedforward and adaptive control designs.
DTIC
Shape Memory Alloys; Smart Structures

The Immersed Interface Method for Elasticity Problems with Interfaces
Xingzhou, Yang; Bo, Li; Zhilin, Li; Jan 2002; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DMS-0072958; 39676-MA
An immersed interface method for solving linear elasticity problems with two phases separated by an interface has been
developed in this paper. For the problem of interest, the underlying elasticity modulus is a constant in each phase but vary from
phase to phase. The basic goal here is to design an efficient numerical method using a fixed Cartesian grid. The application
of such a method to problems with moving interface driving by stresses has a great advantage: no re-meshing is needed. A
local optimization strategy is employed to determine the finite difference equations at grid points near or on the interface. The
bi-conjugate gradient method and the GMRES with preconditioning are both implemented to solve the resulting linear systems
of equations and compared. Numerical results are presented to show that the method is second-order accurate.
DTIC
Elastic Properties; Interfaces

Measurements of the Angle Alpha(Phi(2)) at BaBar
Emergy, S.; May 2006; 8 pp.; In English
CP Violation; Mesons
400
Search for the Decay of Neutral B Mesons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detector
Foulkes, S. D.; January 2005; 206 pp.; In English
B Stars; Kaons; Mesons

Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavities
Stupakov, G.; Bane, K.; May 2006; 18 pp.; In English
We study conditions under which a perturbation in boundary conditions of a cavity causes two modes with close
frequencies to coalesce into elliptically polarized eigenmodes. We find that a surface impedance that is complex and varies
with position along the cavity wall can give rise to elliptically polarized modes. For a simple two dimensional model our
analytical perturbation results agree well with numerical simulations. We further demonstrate that a small variation in cavity
shape can suppress mode ellipticity. Finally, we discuss the excitation of elliptical modes by bunch trains passing through the
linac cavities in the ILC.
NTIS
Cavities; Perturbation Theory; Radio Frequencies

Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in BaBar
Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Courdec, F.; January 2005; 13 pp.; In English
Baryons; Charm (Particle Physics)
20060049187 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, California Univ., Berkeley, CA, USA, Tokyo Univ., Japan
Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors
Battaglia, M.; Barklow, T.; Peskin, M. E.; Okada, Y.; Yamashita, S.; Mar. 2006; 12 pp.; In English
This note presents a list of physics processes for benchmarking the performance of proposed ILC detectors. This list gives
broad coverage of the required physics capabilities of the ILC experiments and suggests target accuracies to be achieved. A
reduced list of reactions, which capture within a very economical set the main challenges put by the ILC physics program,
is suggested for the early stage of benchmarking of the detector concepts.
NTIS
Detectors; Physics
20060049191 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Ames, IA USA
Hadronic B Decays at BABAR
Yi, J.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English
The author presents preliminary results on hadronic decays of B mesons, based on data recorded on the (Upsilon)(4S)
resonance with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC).
NTIS
Hadrons; Mesons; Particle Decay
20060049195 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA
Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Parameters
Conley, J. A.; Hewett, J. L.; Le, M. P.; Mar. 2006; 8 pp.; In English
The effects of the extended gauge sector present in the Littlest Higgs model in the reactions e(sup +)e(sup -) (yields) f(bar
f) and e(sup +)e(sup -) (yields) Zh are examined. We find that the search reach at the 500 GeV ILC essentially covers the entire
401
region where this model is relevant to the hierarchy proble and extends the reach of the LHC. In addition, we show that the
ILC allows for an accurate determination of the model parameters, to the precision of a few percent, provided that the LHC
measures the mass of the new heavy neutral gauge field.
NTIS
Accuracy; Higgs Bosons; Physics
USA
Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Individual Water Purification Devices
These IWPDs must protect the Soldier from acute microbial health threats. Understanding the disinfection capabilities of
ultraviolet (UV) light to inactivate disease-causing microorganisms is important in protecting Soldiers, who are considering
review of UV light for use as a disinfection technology in potable water supplies. This paper is intended to assist the reader
in evaluating the disinfection capabilities of UV light-using IWPDs to inactivate disease-causing bacteria, viruses, and cysts.
DTIC
Antiseptics; Bacterial Diseases; Deactivation; Electromagnetic Spectra; Microorganisms; Potable Water; Ultraviolet
Radiation; Water Treatment
20060049309 Technical Univ. of Crete, Athens, Greece

Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wireless Multicast Networks
Sidiropoulos, Nikos; Aug 2006; 171 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454158; 12; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454158; Avail.: Defense Tech-
nical Information Center (DTIC)
Tactical wireless networks often comprise clusters of nodes, which are fed information from a head node. Transmit
antenna arrays mounted on the head node (e.g., unmanned aerial vehicle) offer an attractive means of boosting capacity and
assuring quality of service through transmit beamforming. The central goal of our research was to investigate efficient
multiuser transmit beamforming strategies, and develop high-throughput low-complexity algorithms that will meet the needs
of future tactical wireless networks. Sum capacity, quality of service, and fair service objectives were considered, under
unicast and multicast scenarios. A key innovation of our work is the concept of physical layer multicasting, which affords
significant capacity gains. A number of effective and efficient algorithms were developed, drawing upon and contributing to
semidefinite relaxation (SDR) tools. Closely-related added-value topics of our research program included: i) computationally
efficient quasi-optimal multiple input multiple output detection (using lattice search, data association, and SDR tools); ii)
accurate and scalable node localization from pairwise distance estimates; and iii) tracking of time-varying carrier signals
(using and developing associated particle filtering tools). Our work on these topics has been reported in seven (IEEE, SIAM)
journal papers and seven IEEE conference papers. Variants of some of our published algorithms are currently considered for
adoption by industry.
DTIC
Antenna Arrays; Beamforming; Communication Networks; Convexity
20060049352 Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Fracture
Nowacki, Wojciech K; Gadaj, Stefan P; Luckner, Jerzy; Nowak, Zdzislaw; Perzyna, Piotr; Pecherski, Ryszard B; Jan 2006;
75 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
This report results from a contract tasking Institute for Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of
402
Sciences as follows: The effect of strain rate on ductile fracture is one of the least understood phenomena in modern fracture
mechanics. At the same time, information on ductile fracture under dynamic loading is very important for reliable prediction
of fracture and fragmentation of high consequence structures. High-consequence structures are understood here as components
of turbofan engines for fixed-wing aircraft and/or rotorcraft dynamic components. A comprehensive theoretical, experimental,
and numerical research project will be undertaken to resolve some of the fundamental issues and construct a dynamic fracture
locus suitable for engineering applications and implementation into the FE codes. It is envisioned that the project will be
broken into three interrelated tasks: Hopkinson bar tensile fracture tests on small, flat specimens using a unique apparatus
developed at IPPT; Drop tower fracture tests on specially designed specimens subjected to a combined shear/compression and
shear/tension loading; Finite element simulation of dynamic experiments and construction of the dynamic fracture envelope
for a few typical materials. The second and third task will be a joint endeavour between IPPT and MIT where the funding for
the work at MIT will come from GE Global Research Center and the funding for the IPPT will come from this grant. No
government furnished equipment or data will be used by the researchers at IPPT.
DTIC
Ductility; Fracturing; Strain Rate

Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Electromagnetic Waves
Tsynkov, S V; Jan 2003; 40 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-01-1-0187; NSF-DMS01-07146
See report.
DTIC
Boundary Conditions; Electromagnetic Radiation; Electromagnetic Wave Transmission
20060049433 Assistant Secretary of Defense (Networks and Information Integration), Arlington, VA USA
Department of Defense Net-Centric Spectrum Management Strategy
Grimes, John G; Aug 3, 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
The purpose of this document is to better manage the Department’s Radio Frequency Spectrum, a finite resource, which
is essential in accomplishing the Department’s warfighting mission. Pursuant to the President’s Management Initiative and the
Department of Defense’s Transformation, the Spectrum Management (SM) Strategy will improve the management of this vital
resource now and in the future. The Department is taking an integrated approach to developing the transformation to
net-centricity. This approach incorporates network and communications enhancements to provide sufficient bandwidth and
electromagnetic spectrum for the warfighter and the Department’s operations. The net-centric environment is the framework
of spectrum users’ technical connectivity and interoperability for Department users and mission partners. Spectrum-dependent
systems, such as radios, radars, satellites, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the Global Positioning System (GPS), and
electronic warfare (EW), are required for all aspects of net-centric warfare. One of the goals of net-centric spectrum
transformation-empowering users through access to trusted information shared in a trusted environment-has driven the
development of this SM strategy.
DTIC
Defense Program; Management Planning; Radio Frequencies; Resources Management; Spectra

Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Control of Transverse Beam Vibrations: Experimental Implementation
Del Rosario, R C; Tran, H T; Banks, H T; Jan 1999; 22 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
LQG compensator control of transverse vibrations was implemented on an aluminum cantilevered beam in a ‘smart
structure’ paradigm. The beam was mounted with two self-sensing, self-actuating piezoceramic patches. The Euler-Bernoulli
beam equation was discretized via a Galerkin type approximation (referred to as the full order model). To reduce the size of
403
the resulting finite dimensional approximating system, the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) was employed as a
reduced basis method. A reduction of dimension from 34 to 2 was obtained through the model reduction technique. Feedback
control based on the reduced order system was implemented in real time using a dSpace DS1103 control system. Experimental
results indicate that POD based control achieves comparable control attenuation with full order model based control.
DTIC
Cantilever Beams; Decomposition; Vibration

Multiple-Access Capability of Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Exact Analysis of the Effect of
Unequal Power Levels
Geranlotis, E; Jan 1988; 49 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-86-K-0013; CDR-8803012
In this paper we present a new method for the evaluation of the probability of error of uncoded frequency-hopped
spread-spectrum multiple-access (FH/SSMA) communications. For systems with binary FSK modulation the method provides
an accurate approximation and a tight upper bound to the bit error probability; for systems with M-ary FSK modulation it
provides tight upper bounds to the symbol error probability. This method relies on the integration of the product of the
characteristic function of the envelope of the branch of the BFSK demodulator, which carries the desired signal, and of the
derivative of the characteristic function of the envelope of the other branch; it can achieve any desirable accuracy and the
computational effort required for its evaluation grows linearly with the number of interfering users. In the M-ary case tight
upper bounds based on the union bound and the results of the binary case are derived.
DTIC
Frequency Distribution; Frequency Hopping; Multiple Access; Spread Spectrum Transmission

Throughput and Packet Error Probability of Cellular Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Radio Networks
Gluck, J W; Geranlotis, E; Jan 1988; 36 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-85-G-0207; NSF-CDR88-03012
We characterize multiple-access interference for cellular mobile networks, in which users are assumed to be
Poisson-distributed in the plane and to employ frequency-hopped spread-spectrum signaling with a transmitter-oriented
assignment of frequency-hopping patterns. Exact expressions for the bit error probabilities are derived for binary coherently
demodulated systems without coding. Approximations for the packet error probability are derived for coherent and
noncoherent systems and these approximations are applied when forward-error-control coding is employed. In all cases, the
effects of varying interference -power are accurately taken into account according to some propagation law. Numerical results
are given in terms of bit error probability for the exact case and throughput for the approximate analyses. Comparisons are
made with previously derived bounds and it is shown that these tend to be very pessimistic.
DTIC
Error Analysis; Frequency Distribution; Frequency Hopping; Spread Spectrum Transmission

Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster (Preprint)
Hargus, Jr , William A; Nakles, Michael R; Jul 2006; 12 pp.; In English
This work presents an analysis of near plume velocity distributions of the Busek BHT-200-X3 200 W laboratory Hall
thruster derived from laser-induced fluorescence measurements of the 5d[4]7/2-6p[3]5/2 xenon ion excited state transition.
The evolution of the axial and radial velocity distributions is presented from the exit plane to approximately 0.7 exit diameters
downstream. It is shown that the distributions evolve significantly between the exit channel center and the inner portion of the
channel where there are high frac-tions of low velocity ions. It is believed that this may be due to the slight inward focus of
the xenon ion propellant colliding on the surface, recombining, and subsequently being re-ionized. Low axial velocity ions
appear downstream of the thruster exit plane. While their origin is not entirely certain, the most likely explanation appears to
be cross annular flow. Strong evidence of charge exchange is also evident producing high velocity wings on the primary ion
404
velocity peak reminiscent of ion energy analyzer studies of other thrusters. A survey of the axial and radial velocity
distributions along the exposed exterior boron nitride nose cone covering the central magnetic pole is performed to determine
the behavior of the ions impacting this critical surface. The VDF is ideal for comparison with numerical simulations since it
allows for direct comparison of the fundamental ion acceleration. External VDF data can even provide limited insight as to
the internal ion formation and acceleration processes.
DTIC
Charge Transfer; Distribution Functions; Hall Thrusters; Ion Distribution; Laser Induced Fluorescence; Near Fields;
Velocity Distribution

Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence and Hybrid Spread Spectrum
Geraniotis, Evaggelos; Ghaffari, Behzad; Jan 1989; 31 pp.; In English
Two forms of spread spectruim signaling: direct sequence and hybrid (direct sequence/frequency hopped) are shown to
provide high broadcast capability especially when used in conjunction with forward error control coding schemes. The
broadcast capability is defined as the maximum number of simultaneous distinct inessages that can be tranmitted to distant
receivers from a single transmitter at a given bit error rate. This quantity provides a useful measure of the capacity of hub to
mobile or satellite to earth station links of communication networks. When bursty data or voice traffic is dominant in such
networks, the above forms of spread spectrum code division mutliple access (CDMA) provide a viable alternative to frequency
division (FDMA) or time division (TDMA) multiple access. Different ways of multiplexing the direct sequence and hybrid
signals are presented which employ distinct carriers, distinct pairs of orthogonal carriers, and only two orthogonal carriers to
broadcast the different messages. Systems with chip synchronous signals and systems where random delays are introduced
between the signals are considered. The average error probability of all systems is evaluated using the characteristic function
and Gaussian approximation techniques. Besides the uncoded systems, systems using Reed-Solomon and convolutional codes
are analyzed. A comparison of the broadcast capability of the different schemes is presented.
DTIC
Broadcasting; Communication Networks; Frequency Division Multiplexing; Spread Spectrum Transmission

Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Joint
Wang, Li-Shang; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1989; 25 pp.; In English
For simple mechanical systems with symmetry, a variational principle on configuration space determines relative
equilibria. Here, this principle of symmetric criticality is applied to a problem of coupled rigid bodies. Numerical optimization
by CONSOLE (a package intended originally for optimization based control system design) is shown to be an effective
technique to search for some of the relative equilibria.
DTIC
Balls; Joints (Junctions); Rigid Structures

Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non-Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifiers
Lin, Jyhfong; Edwards, Thomas; Shamma, Shihab; Jan 1992; 18 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NSFD-CD88-03012
Switched capacitor sum-gain amplifiers (SGAs) are widely used in parallel fIlter systems. The capacitance spread of such
circuits is proportional to the coefficient spread, thus making conventional SGAs un-suitable for high gain applications.
SGANs with different input phases and a SGA with the same input phase are discussed, and a new area-efficient SGA, which
can reduce the capacitance spread to the square root of coefficient spread ratio, is proposed. Furthermore, the non-ideal effects
of op-amp like fInite DC gain and offset voltage are compensated by using the offset storing capacitor. All the circuits designed
here only use the bi-phase clocking scheme.
DTIC
Capacitors; Electric Networks; Network Analysis; Switching; Switching Circuits
405
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Very Large Time-Constant Circuits
Lin, Jyhfong; Edwards, Thomas; Shamma, Shihab; Jan 1992; 31 pp.; In English
The detailed theoretical analysis of very large time-constant (VLT) integrators which use either charge elimination (T-cell
and Huang’s integrators) or charge cancellation (Nagaraj′s and charge differencing integrators) are described. Using a new area
efficient design, the charge differencing (CD) integrator, the capacitance spread ratio can be easily reduced to less than the
reciprocal of the square root of the product of the pole frequency and the sampling period. nonideal effects of op-amp like finite
DC gain and offset voltage can also be compensated by employing offset storing capacitor operating only with the bi-phase
clocking scheme.
DTIC
Capacitors; Circuits; Electric Networks; Electromagnetic Wave Filters; Network Analysis; Switching; Time Constant

Dissipation Induced Instabilities
Bloch, Anthony; Krishnaprasad, P S; Marsden, Jerrold E; Ratiu, Tudor S; Mar 9, 1993; 55 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DE-FG03-92ER-25129; F49620-93-1-0037
The main goal of this paper is to prove that if the energy-momentum (or energy-Casimir) method predicts formal
instability of a relative equilibrium in a Hamiltonian system with symmetry, then with the addition of dissipation, the relative
equilibrium becomes spectrally and hence linearly and nonlinearly unstable. The energy momentum method assumes that one
is in the context of a mechanical system with a given symmetry group. Our result assumes that the dissipation chosen does
not destroy the conservation law associated with the given symmetry group - thus, we consider internal dissipation. This also
includes the special case of systems with no symmetry and ordinary equilibria. The theorem is proved by combining the
techniques of Chetaev, who proved instability theorems using a special Chetaev-Lyapunov function, with those of Hahn,
which enable one to strengthen the Chetaev results from Lyapunov instability to spectral instability. The main achievement
is to strengthen Chetaev’s methods to the context of the block diagonalization version of the energy momentum method given
by Lewis, Marsden, Posbergh, and Simo. However, we also give the eigenvalue movement formulae of Krein, Machay and
others both in general and adapted to the context of the normal form of the linearized equations given by the block diagonal
form, as provided by the energy-momentum method. A number of specific examples, such as the rigid body with internal
rotors, are provided to illustrate the results.
DTIC
Hamiltonian Functions; Stability
20060050120 Oregon Univ., Eugene, OR, USA, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA
First Results with Prototype Detectors of the Si/W ECAL
Strom, D.; Frey, R.; Breidenbach, M.; Deng, J.; Freytag, D.; Jul. 2005; 10 pp.; In English
Measurements on the prototype silicon sensors for use with an electromagnetic calorimeter with tungsten absorber are
reported. The prototype sensors are based on a hexagonal geometry that optimally utilizes the space available on 6 inch silicon
wafers. The sensors are segmented into approximately 750 5mm hexagonal pixels, which are connected to a bump-bonding
array located at the center of the sensors. We report on those properties of the sensors that are important for linear collider
applications including depletion voltage, stray capacitance and series resistance.
NTIS
Calorimeters; Prototypes
20060050137 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA, California Univ., Berkeley, CA
USA, Princeton Univ., NJ USA
Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Ion Beam Charge Neutralization
Efthimion, P. C.; Gilson, E. P.; Grisham, L.; Davidson, R. C.; Yu, S.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English
Plasmas are employed as a source of unbound electrons for charge neutralizing heavy ion beams to allow them to focus
to a small spot size. Calculations suggest that plasma at a density of 1-100 times the ion beam density and at a length approx.
406
0.1-1 m would be suitable. To produce one-meter plasma, large-volume plasma sources based upon ferroelectric ceramics are
being developed. These sources have the advantage of being able to increase the length of the plasma and operate at low
neutral pressures. The source utilizes the ferroelectric ceramic BaTiO(sub 3) to form metal plasma. The drift tube inner surface
of the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment (NDCX) will be covered with ceramic, and high voltage (approx. 1-5 kV)
applied between the drift tube and the front surface of the ceramic by placing a wire grid on the front surface. A prototype
ferroelectric source 20 cm long has produced plasma densities of 5x10(sup 11) cm(sup -3). The source was integrated into the
previous Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX), and successfully charge neutralized the K(sup +) ion beam. Presently, the
one-meter source is being fabricated.
NTIS
Beam Neutralization; Ion Beams; Plasmas (Physics)

Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Polarimeter Target Scans
Report No.(s): DE2006-881579; ANL-HEP-TR-05-33; No Copyright; Avail.: National Technical Information Service
(NTIS)
Polarimeters; Proton Beams; Scanners; Targets
20060050148 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA, University of
Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler
Johnson, D. K.; Clayton, C. E.; Huang, C.; Joshi, C.; Lu, W.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English
In the E-167 plasma wakefield accelerator (PWFA) experiments in the Final Focus Test Beam (FFTB) at the Stanford
Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), an ultra-short, 28.5 GeV electron beam field ionizes a neutral column of Lithium vapor.
In the underdense regime, all plasma electrons are expelled creating an ion column. The beam electrons undergo multiple
betatron oscillations leading to a large flux of broadband synchrotron radiation. With a plasma density of 3 x 10(sup 17)cm(sup
-3), the effective focusing gradient is near 9 MT/m with critical photon energies exceeding 50 MeV for on-axis radiation. A
positron source is the initial application being explored for these X-rays, as photo-production of positrons eliminates many of
the thermal stress and shock wave issues associated with traditional Bremsstrahlung sources.
NTIS
Betatrons; Emittance; Oscillations; Plasmas (Physics); Positrons; Wiggler Magnets; X Rays

Digital Radiography
The practice employs a nondestructive examination technique using a radioactive source generating either X or gamma
rays to map the subjects features and density changes to a reusable phosphorus coated plate.
NTIS
Digital Systems; Radiography; X Rays
71
ACOUSTICS
Includes sound generation, transmission, and attenuation. For noise pollution see 45 Environment Pollution. For aircraft noise see also
02 Aerodynamics and 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power.

An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroacoustic Experimental and Predictive Capabilities for Installed Cooling Fans,
Part 1, Aerodynamic Performance
VanZante, Dale E.; Koch, L. Danielle; Wernet, Mark P.; Podboy, Gary G.; August 2006; 16 pp.; In English; 35th International
Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering (INTER-NOISE 2006), 3-6 Dec. 2006, Honolulu, HI, USA; Original
Contract(s)/Grant(s): WBS 581-02-08-03-03-01
407
Driven by the need for low production costs, electronics cooling fans have evolved differently than the bladed components
of gas turbine engines which incorporate multiple technologies to enhance performance and durability while reducing noise
emissions. Drawing upon NASA Glenn’s experience in the measurement and prediction of gas turbine engine aeroacoustic
performance, tests have been conducted to determine if these tools and techniques can be extended for application to the
aerodynamics and acoustics of electronics cooling fans. An automated fan plenum installed in NASA Glenn’s Acoustical
Testing Laboratory was used to map the overall aerodynamic and acoustic performance of a spaceflight qualified 80 mm
diameter axial cooling fan. In order to more accurately identify noise sources, diagnose performance limiting aerodynamic
deficiencies, and validate noise prediction codes, additional aerodynamic measurements were recorded for two operating
points: free delivery and a mild stall condition. Non-uniformities in the fan s inlet and exhaust regions captured by Particle
Image Velocimetry measurements, and rotor blade wakes characterized by hot wire anemometry measurements provide some
assessment of the fan aerodynamic performance. The data can be used to identify fan installation/design changes which could
enlarge the stable operating region for the fan and improve its aerodynamic performance and reduce noise emissions.
Author
Aeroacoustics; Aerodynamic Characteristics; Aerodynamic Noise; Performance Prediction; Performance Tests; Ventilation
Fans; Fan Blades

Sound Transmission to Long Ranges in the Ocean
Urick, R J; Sep 6, 1950; 29 pp.; In English
Recent use of half-second pulses at 7.4 kc for sound transmission measurements at ranges between 5 and 28 miles in the
deep ocean has shown that sound can travel to such ranges by either or both of two paths. One path is by reflection from the
bottom; the other is a channelled path lying within the near-surface wind-mixed layer and involving repeated reflections from
the ocean surface. The bottom reflection provides the only effective path between a source and receiver lying below the mixed
layer. For this path the data indicate an absorption coefficient at 7.4 kc of 0.6 db per kiloyard, a figure about 40 percent smaller
than expected from other measurements at higher frequencies. The near-surface path is the result of sound trapping by the
isothermal wind-mixed layer. That this trapping can be almost complete under some conditions is shown by evidence from
the measurements that leakage out of the channel amounts to only 0.2 db per kiloyard. For a shallow source and receiver,
mixed-layer sound channelling with the above value of attenuation coefficient accounts for a transmission excess of 30 db at
25 miles over what was anticipated on the basis of spherical spreading and the best available estimate of attenuation.
DTIC
Oceans; Sound Transmission
20060049060 Prins Maurits Lab. TNO, Wagenlngen Netherlands

Development of a Silent Tow System
Koops, A.; July 2006; 18 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): Rept-8867-3-VT; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
With the decrease of machinery related noise sources other (hydrodynamic) noise sources become more important to the
underwater signature of naval vessels. A noise source of which very little information is available is the noise due to the flow
around the hull of surface ships. Due to the common interest, a cooperative research programme was started between the USA
Navy and the Royal Netherlands Navy under Annex A to the US/NL Technology Research and Development Projects MOU
dated May 14, 1998. The project agreement is titled ‘Mechanisms and Prediction of Surface Ship Radiated Flow Noise’. The
present report describes the development of a ‘silent’ towing system in the Vacuum Tank (VT = Depressurized Towing Tank)
of MARIN, which should enable us to measure flow noise on a scale model of a frigate. The activities described are part of
task3 of the project. Based on earlier measurements in the VT at MARIN it is clear that underwater noise measurements with
the existing towing carriage for measuring flow noise would not be satisfactory. The background noise levels of the present
carriage have been measured shortly after delivery of this new carriage and some years later. The measured levels are of a
magnitude which is expected to be the same as or higher than the noise levels expected for the flow noise phenomena we want
to investigate. Within the Flow Noise project budget was reserved to develop a silent towing system in order to be able to
measure flow noise at model scale. In this report the design and testing of this system are being described and the first results
of tests are reported and compared with earlier measurements carried out with the normal carriage in the VT. Apart from the
requirement to be quiet, another system specification for a silent towing system is to be able to tow a 12 metre long ship model
408
with a displacement of about 4000 ton at a constant speed of maximal 4 m/s over a distance of about 25 metres.
Derived from text
Flow Noise; Noise Intensity; Ships; Underwater Acoustics; Towing; Noise Reduction; Acoustics
20060049123 Wyle Labs., Inc., Arlington, VA, USA

Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Propagation in Aircraft Noise Prediction
Plotkin, Kenneth J.; Shepherd, Kevin P., Technical Monitor; January 09, 2006; 74 pp.; In English; Original contains black and
white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS1-00094; WU 781-20-11
Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2006-214503; WR 01-24; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049123;
An analysis has been performed of measured and predicted aircraft noise levels around Denver International Airport. A
detailed examination was made of 90 straight-out departures that yielded good measurements on multiple monitors.
Predictions were made with INM 5, INM 6 and the simulation model NMSIM. Predictions were consistently lower than
measurements, less so for the simulation model than for the integrated models. Lateral directivity (‘installation effect’) patterns
were seen which are consistent with other recent measurements. Atmospheric absorption was determined to be a significant
factor in the underprediction. Calculations of atmospheric attenuation were made over a full year of upper air data at seven
locations across the USA. It was found that temperature/humidity effects could cause variations of up to +/-4 dB, depending
on season, for the sites examined. It was concluded that local temperature and humidity should be accounted for in aircraft
noise modeling.
Author
Noise Prediction; Aircraft Noise; Acoustic Propagation; Sound Propagation; Noise Intensity; Models
20060049312 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Victoria, Australia

The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Localisation
Martin, Russell; McAnally, Ken; Watt, Tavis; Flanagan, Patrick; Mar 2006; 26 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454168; DSTO-RR-0308; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454168; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
Previous research has suggested that spatialised auditory displays will enhance operator performance in many military
settings. It is well known that a sound’s spectrum must be broad and relatively flat for the sound to be accurately localised.
The study described here examined the effect of systematically varying the evenness of a sound’s spectrum on the accuracy
with which the sound can be localised. Six participants localised spectrally scrambled sounds produced by setting the sound
levels in the 98-, 391- or 1562-Hz wide frequency bands comprising a broadband (0-25 kHz) sound to random values within
a 0-, 20-, 40- or 60-dB range. Localisation errors were found to increase with increases in both bandwidth and band-level
range. Scrambling the spectra of sounds over a 60 dB range led to as much as a doubling of mean elevation error and a trebling
of front/back confusion rate. The accuracy with which these sounds could be localised was found to be highly correlated with
a simple measure of spectral variation. The results of this study inform the development of guidelines for designing localisable
sounds to be used in spatialised auditory displays.
DTIC
Auditory Signals; Emittance; Position (Location); Sound Localization; Spectra

Modeling and Computation of Propagating Waves from Coronary Stenoses
Banks, H T; Barnes, J H; Eberhardt, A; Tran, H; Wynne, S; Aug 15, 2000; 22 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
The ability to reliably detect coronary artery disease based on the acoustic noises produced by a stenosis can provide a
simple, non-invasive technique. Current research exploits the shear wave fields in body tissue to detect and analyze coronary
stenosis. A mathematical model of this system couples the generation of these acoustic noises with the propagation of the
sound and shear waves through the chest cavity. In our initial investigations we consider a one-dimensional homogeneous
viscoelastic model. A quasi-linear viscoelastic stress-strain relationship was proposed by Eung for a variety of biological
409
tissues. Though an effective model, this formulation presents significant computational difficulties in dynamic situations. We
present several alternate constitutive relations based on an internal variable formulation that approximate Fung’s constitutive
relation well when optimized. More importantly, results from the corresponding dynamic models match well with simulated
data of wave propagation through a homogeneous soft tissue-like gel.
DTIC
Heart; Heart Diseases

Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Paths into the Human Head
O’Briend ,Jr , William D; Liu, Yuhui; Apr 1, 2005; 25 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Acoustic Propagation; Audio Equipment; Cochlea; Hearing; Sound Pressure; Sound Waves; Wave Propagation
20060049442 Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH USA

Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Communication
Ray, Laura E; Solbeck, Jason A; Collier, Robert D; Apr 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Active Control; Ear Protectors; Feedback Control; Feedforward Control; Hearing; Noise Reduction; Telecommunication

Experimentation to Address Appropriate Test Techniques for Measuring the Attenuation Provided by Double ANR
Hearing Protectors
Mercy, Susan E; Tubb, Christopher; James, Soo H; Apr 1, 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Attenuation; Ear Protectors; Earphones; Measurement; Noise Reduction; Sound Pressure

Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Literature Study
Vos, Joos; Apr 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Auditory Defects; Detection; Hearing; Performance Tests; Risk

3-D Audio: Military Applications and Symbology
Ericson, Mark A; Simpson, Brian D; McKinley, Richard L; Apr 1, 2005; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Audio Frequencies; Military Technology

Design and Evaluation of Warning Sounds in Frigate Control Centres
van Balken, Johan S; van Wijngaarden, Sander J; Apr 1, 2005; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Acoustics; Warning Systems
410
Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Safety and Enhancing Situation Awareness in General Aviation Environments
Simpson, Brian D; Brungart, Douglas S; Gilkey, Robert H; McKinley, Richard L; Apr 1, 2005; 17 pp.; In English; Original
Display Devices; General Aviation Aircraft; Safety; Signal Transmission; Sound Waves
20060049658 Hospital D’Instruction des Armees Desgenettes, Lycon, France

Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence after Acute Acoustic Trauma
Jean-Bertrand, Nottet; Benoit, Suc; Nicolas, Brossard; Agnes, Job; Apr 1, 2005; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Distortion; Ear Protectors; Hair; Hearing; Injuries; Markers; Military Personnel; Pharmacology

Investigating Double Hearing Protection using Human Subjects
Tubb, Christopher; Mercy, Susan; James, Soo; Apr 2005; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Acoustic Attenuation; Active Control; Degradation; Ear Protectors; Human Beings; Noise Reduction; Protection
20060049695 Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., MA USA

Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Occurrence, Habitat Associations and Interactions with Ocean Dynamic
Features
Tyack, Peter L; Azzellino, Arianna; Mar 30, 2006; 34 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This work is sponsored by ONR as part of a joint research project with the NATO SACLANT Center Sound,
Oceanography and Living MArine Resources (SOLMAR) project in La Spezia, Italy. Within this SACLANTCEN project
multiple interdisciplinary sea trials (Sirena campaigns) have been successfully conducted in the northwestern Mediterranean
Sea since 1999. Six sea trials have been conducted in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea from 1999 to 2003 during the late
spring/summer season. The main goal of the project was correlating relevant environmental and biological parameters with
concurrent marine mammal sightings. Among the different species inhabiting the area, Cuvier’s beaked whale, Ziphius
cavirostris, which is the only beaked whale commonly found in the Mediterranean Sea, was chosen as the focal species. Since
the Genoa Canyon was a known habitat for Cuvier’s Beaked Whales (Fig. I), in 2002 a dedicated single ship cruise was
conducted in the canyon region collecting oceanographic (21 CTD stations), visual and acoustic data in an area of about
10,600 km2. On-effort sightings were made during transect between the CTD stations and while on station.
DTIC
Acoustic Properties; Habitats; Marine Mammals; Oceanography; Oceans; Seas; Statistical Analysis
20060049705 Thales Avionics, Le Haillan, France

Double protection passive pour les equipages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Concept et etude experimentale
(Design and Experimental Study of the Passive Double Hearing Protection for the Crew of the Attack Helicopter
‘Tiger’
Baudou, J; Reynaud, G; Poussin, G; Leger, A; Apr 1, 2005; 15 pp.; In French; Original contains color illustrations
Acoustic Attenuation; Ear Protectors; Earphones; Helicopters; Protection
411
Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple
Phases
Vranic-Sowers, S; Shamma, S A; Jan 1992; 51 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): CDR-8803012
Report No.(s): AD-A454922; ISR-TR-92-112R1; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This paper explores the question of how spectral profiles are represented in the auditory system. Using profile analysis
methods, listeners’ sensitivities to changes in spectral peak shapes and ripple phases were measured. Peak shapes were
uniquely described in terms of two parameters: a symmetry factor (SF) which roughly measures the local evenness or oddness
of a peak, and a bandwidth factor (BWF) which reflects the tuning or sharpness of a peak. Thresholds to changes in these
parameters (defined as delta-SF and delta-BWF/BWF) were measured together with the effects of several manipulations such
as using different peak levels, varying spectral component densities, and randomizing the frequencies of the peaks. The basic
result that emerges is that delta-SF and delta-BWF/BWF thresholds are largely constant regardless of the standard’s peak
shape. The only exception occurs for the narrowest peaks (smallest BWF’s) where delta-SF thresholds rise. A fundamental
conclusion arising from these data is that peak profiles are represented along two sensitive and largely independent axes: peak
bandwidth and symmetry factors. More generally, it is conjectured that for an arbitrary spectral profile these two axes
correspond to the magnitude and phase of a Fourier transformation of the profile. In this light, the last set of experiments
measured listeners’ sensitivity to ripple phase changes in sinusoidal ripple stimuli. The thresholds obtained are similar in value
and trends to delta-SF thresholds.
DTIC
Auditory Perception; Ripples; Shapes; Signatures; Sound Waves; Spectra
20060049866 Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst., MA USA

Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Impact Models
Ketten, Darlene R; Mountain, David; Hillson, Roger; Jun 20, 2006; 21 pp.; In English
This project capitalized on and extended data, methodologies, and partnerships formed under the ONR funded Effect of
Sound in the Marine Environment (ESME). The work comprised two years of collaborative effort focusing on sophistication
and refinement of the baseline auditory model developed previously by these team members under ESME and employed the
same model architecture and organizational structure that proved successful in the ESME project. The impact modeling effort
developed a modular approach paralleling that of the ESME projects in order to permit compatibility with the on-going ESME
effort as it develops. The specific objective of this project was to develop biophysically based models of the acoustic power
flow from the water, through the tissues of the head and middle ear, into the cochlea, and ultimately to the sensory receptor
cells (hair cells). These models allow us to estimate audiograms for multiple odontocete species from anatomical and
mechanical measurements and to predict the excitation pattern within individual cochlea for a range of acoustic inputs as well
as modeling stresses and strains on key cochlear tissues from over-stimulation.
DTIC
Hearing; Models; Whales

Acoustic Seal
Steinetz, Bruce M., Inventor; August 08, 2006; 17 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 22 Aug. 2003; US-Patent-6,086,648; US-Patent-Appl-SN-10/652088; NASA-Case-LEW-17,182-1; No
The invention relates to a sealing device having an acoustic resonator. The acoustic resonator is adapted to create acoustic
waveforms to generate a sealing pressure barrier blocking fluid flow from a high pressure area to a lower pressure area. The
sealing device permits noncontacting sealing operation. The sealing device may include a resonant-macrosonic-synthesis
(RMS) resonator.
Sound Generators; Resonators; Sealing; Sound Waves; Fluid Flow
412
Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for American Naval Power (1923-2005)
DeYoung, Don; Dahlburg, Jill; Bevilacqua, Richard; Borsuk, Gerald; Boris, Jay; Chang, Simon; Colton, Richard; Eisenhauer,
Robert; Eppert, Herbert; Franchi, Edward; Jun 30, 2006; 73 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454049; NRL/MR/1001-06-8951; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454049;
Since its establishment on July 2, 1923, the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has excelled in its mission of conducting
a broadly based multidisciplinary program of scientific research and advanced technological development directed toward
maritime applications of new and improved materials; techniques; equipment; systems; and ocean, atmospheric, and space
sciences and related technologies. Products of the Laboratory include a number of innovations that have revolutionized the
capabilities of the USA Navy and of the Nation as a whole. Among these innovations are radar, which ushered in the era of
modern warfare; the first U.S. intelligence satellite; and several key ideas for satellite time-based navigational systems, which
eventually led to the Global Positioning System (GPS). More recently, NRL has developed powerful new warfighting
capabilities for a post-Cold War environment marked by regional conflict and terrorism. One example is Specific Emitter
Identification technology that identifies any radar by its unique characteristics with such accuracy as to ‘fingerprint’ it. It was
selected by the National Security Agency as the national standard. Another is ‘Dragon Eye’ (trademark) an affordable,
expendable, hand-launched 5.5-pound miniature surveillance plane with the radar signature of a bird. Carried by backpack,
this airborne sensor platform provides U.S. Marine units deployed to Iraq with reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, and
threat detection capabilities. A final example is Project Silent Guardian, which was implemented when there were concerns
for military and civilian health during special events held in the Washington, DC, area during the 2005 Presidential
Inauguration. This project marked the first demonstration of a capability for rapidly obtaining data for a broad range of
pathogens in clinical specimens collected from the general population.
DTIC
Navy; Technology Utilization; Multidisciplinary Research

Benchmark Evaluation of Multistatic Trackers
Coraluppi, Stefano; Grimmett, Doug; Theije, Pascal de; Aug 2006; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Sonar; Tracking (Position)
72
ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Includes atomic and molecular structure, electron properties, and atomic and molecular spectra. For elementary particle physics see 73
Nuclear Physics.

Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral Atoms
Saffman, Mark; Walker, Thad; Aug 15, 2006; 10 pp.; In English
An experimental and theoretical study of neutral atom qubits for use in a quantum computing device was performed.
Experimental achievements include loading and detection of single Rb87 atoms in optical traps, demonstration of fast (1.4
MHz) Rabi rotations between ground hyoperfine states, measurement of 1 ms T2 time using Ramsey interferometry, and
observation of partial Rydberg blockade by two-photon excitation to levels with n=47.
DTIC
Neutral Atoms; Quantum Theory
413
73
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
Includes nuclear particles; and reactor theory. For space radiation see 93 Space Radiation. For atomic and molecular physics see 72
Atomic and Molecular Physics. For elementary particle physics see 77 Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields. For nuclear
astrophysics see 90 Astrophysics.

An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Reflection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Propulsion Device
Thomas, Robert; Miley, G H; Mead, Franklin; Jan 2006; 9 pp.; In English
The dense plasma focus device is one of the few fusion systems that is capable of burning advanced fuels such as D -
3He and p - 11B. An study has been performed and shown that three main requirements must be satisfied to reach breakeven
for DPF fusion: a high Ti/Te ration (~ 20), an order of magnitude higher pinch lifetime, and the reflection and absorption if
at least 50% Bremsstrahlung radiation. The latter issue is the focus of this report, and a literature search has been performed
on laser-driven fusion radiation cavities, multilayer reflectors, and their application to Bremsstrahlung radiation reflection is
presented. Additionally, the results found are compared to those assumed in the earlier DPF study bring p-11B.
DTIC
Bremsstrahlung; Dense Plasmas; Plasma Focus; Plasmas (Physics); Propulsion
74
OPTICS
Includes light phenomena and the theory of optical devices; for specific optical devices see also 35 Instrumentation and Photography.
For lasers see 36 Lasers and Masers.

Design of the GNC System for a New Concept of X-Ray Distributed Telescope
Delpech, M.; Fourcade, J.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
SIMBOL-X mission [1] is based on a new concept of X-ray telescope that will allow to cover high energies up to 70 keV
and to observe non thermal astrophysical processes like supernovae or black holes with unprecedented insight. Since a 30
meters focal distance is required, the proposed instrumental concept is based on a distributed system as it is envisioned for
astronomy missions such as XEUS[2] or MAX [3]. The telescope mirror and the detector are accommodated on two separate
spacecraft that will be actively controlled during observations to accurately maintain the relative distance and the inertial
pointing of the line of sight. Within a larger frame of formation flying activities currently underway at CNES and concerning
several mission concepts, preliminary studies have been performed to consolidate the concept feasibility, architecture and cost.
This mission is now under evaluation by CNES for a possible flight at the end of the decade. After a brief presentation of the
mission characteristics, the paper focuses on two main topics: (1) the design of the GNC architecture including a detailed
description of the metrology and propulsion system as well as the control modes and algorithms, (2) the calibration technique
to be implemented in such a distributed instrument in order to fulfill the accuracy requirements.
Derived from text
Active Control; Astrophysics; Black Holes (Astronomy); Formation Flying; Mission Planning; Line of Sight; X Ray Telescopes
20060048740 Physical Sciences, Inc., Andover, MA USA

The Inherent Visible Light Signature of an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Source Due to Combined Raman and
Fluorescence Effects
Mazel, Charles H; Kalata-Olson, Jody; Pham, Chuong; Jan 2000; 12 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
We investigated the utility of a portable, intense source of ultraviolet light for diver use in support of Very Shallow Water
operations. The working hypothesis was that the light would be of use to divers at short-to-medium ranges (up to several
414
meters) while remaining invisible to surface observers due to the inherent insensitivity of the human eye to ultraviolet light.
The light source contained an arc discharge lamp rich in short wavelengths and was fitted with a filter that transmitted only
the near ultraviolet portion of the spectrum. In-water tests were made in darkness using Navy divers both in a natural coastal
environment and in a test tank. It was found that the light was of limited utility to the divers. In addition, the light was not
covert because of a bluish-white glow associated with the ultraviolet beam. Subsequent measurements demonstrated that the
visible glow was produced by a combination of fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in the water and Raman scatter from
the water itself. The relative importance of the two factors varied with water type. These two effects that transform light from
the invisible to the visible impose inherent limitations on the use of ultraviolet light for covert operations.
DTIC
Electromagnetic Radiation; Fluorescence; Light Sources; Raman Spectra; Shallow Water; Signatures; Ultraviolet Radiation

Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilibrium Air Plasma
Ganguly, Biswa N; Jul 2006; 43 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454452; AFRL-PR-WP-TR-2006-2175; No Copyright; ONLINE:
The effects of acoustic shock wave propagation in nonequilibrium plasmas with Mach number from 1.5 up to 2.5 have
been investigated. The effects of shock wave induced double layer on local excitation and ionization enhancement have been
measured. Also, the effect of local gas heating induced by the energy dissipation in the double layer has been measured in a
dielectric barrier discharge.
DTIC
Mach Number; Nonequilibrium Flow; Nonequilibrium Plasmas; Shock Waves; Wave Propagation

A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre-Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System for Microsatellites
Henshall, Paul; Mar 2006; 94 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
This report results from a contract tasking University of Surrey. Solar Thermal Propulsion (STP) previously envisioned
for large spacecraft and capable of high levels of propulsive performance (\h1000s Isp) is currently being adapted for use on
microsatellites at the University of Surrey. In utilising the high propulsive capability offered by STP, significant mass savings
are possible. Conventional STP system concepts encounter difficulties in conforming to the low mass and volume requirements
of a micro-satellite platform. The enabling technology for this concept is the advent of low attenuation high numerical aperture
fibre optics. Applying fibre optics to STP allows the solar concentrator mirror to be mechanically decoupled from the solar
heat exchanger as well as granting power input from multiple solar concentrators into a single heat exchanger. This ability
allows STP systems with static concentrators to perform apogee raising and circularisation manoeuvres via a direct gain
scheme, rather than being restricted to thrusting along the Sun vector. Thus the application of fibre optics accommodates a
higher level of system flexibility and simplicity in comparison to conventional STP direct gain concepts for micro-satellites.
This report presents a detailed analysis and design of a STP technology demonstration system incorporating fibre optics.
Results are presented for solar concentrator surface quality measurements, fibre optic transmission testing and on the initial
performance of a prototype pointing mechanism that utilizes a novel approach for Sun tracking and feedback.
DTIC
Fiber Optics; Fibers; Microsatellites; Propulsion System Configurations; Propulsion System Performance; Solar Thermal
Propulsion; Sun
20060050002 Amsterdam Univ., Netherlands

NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Optics of Biological Particles. Held in Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct 2005
Hoekstra, A; Jan 2005; 105 pp.; In English
Included within this volume are the abstracts to be presented at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Optics of
Biological Particles. The meeting’s focus is on the potential of light scattering in the detection of biological agents, on novel
415
detection systems using polarized light scattering, imaging (microscopy), inelastic scattering, absorption and emission over all
EM spectral regions. The aim is to bring together researchers from different fields (physics, biophysics, microbiology,
cytology, etc) to foster the flow of information between these diverse groups of researchers. Most of all, we hope that the
workshop results in new collaborations that improve research efficiency.
DTIC
Abstracts; North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO); Russian Federation; Scattering
Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner and Baseline Rotation
Mennesson, Bertrand; Haguenauer, P.; Serabyn, E.; Liewer, K.; [2006]; 7 pp.; In English; SPIE Conference on Astronomical
Telescopes and Instrumentation, 24-30 May 2006, Orlando, FL, USA; Original contains color and black and white
illustrations; Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39690; Avail.: Other Sources
The basic advantage of single-mode fibers for deep nulling applications resides in their spatial filtering ability, and has
now long been known. However, and as suggested more recently, a single-mode fiber can also be used for direct coherent
recombination of spatially separated beams, i.e. in a ‘multi-axial’ nulling scheme. After the first successful demonstration of
deep (\h2e-6) visible LASER nulls using this technique (Haguenauer & Serabyn, Applied Optics 2006), we decided to work
on an infrared extension for ground based astronomical observations, e.g. using two or more off-axis sub-apertures of a large
ground based telescope. In preparation for such a system, we built and tested a laboratory infrared fiber nuller working in a
wavelength regime where atmospheric turbulence can be efficiently corrected, over a pass band (approx.1.5 to 1.8 micron)
broad enough to provide reasonable sensitivity. In addition, since no snapshot images are readily accessible with a (single)
fiber nuller, we also tested baseline rotation as an approach to detect off-axis companions while keeping a central null. This
modulation technique is identical to the baseline rotation envisioned for the TPF-I space mission. Within this context, we
report here on early laboratory results showing deep stable broad-band dual polarization infrared nulls \h5e-4 (currently
limited by detector noise), and visible LASER nulls better than 3e-4 over a 360 degree rotation of the baseline. While further
work will take place in the laboratory to achieve deeper stable broad-band nulls and test off-axis sources detection through
rotation, the emphasis will be put on bringing such a system to a telescope as soon as possible. Detection capability at the
500:1 contrast ratio in the K band (~2.2 microns) seem readily accessible within 50-100 mas of the optical axis, even with
a first generation system mounted on a \g5m AO equipped telescope such as the Palomar Hale 200 inch, the Keck, Subaru
or Gemini telescopes.
Author
Null Zones; Fiber Optics; Interferometry; Spatial Filtering; Detection
Analysis of the Optical Design for the SAFIR Telescope
Goldsmith, Paul; Khayatian, Behrouz; Bradford, Matt; Dragovan, Mark; Hoppe, Daniel; Imbriale, William; Lee, Roger; Paine,
Chris; Turner, Dick; Yorke, Harold; Zmuidzinas, Jonas; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; SPIE Conference on Astronomical
Telescopes and Instrumentation, 24-31 May 2006, Orlando, FL, USA; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright;
ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2014/39688; Avail.: Other Sources
SAFIR, the Single Aperture Far Infra Red Observatory, is a very powerful space mission that will achieve
background-limited sensitivity in the far infrared-submillimeter spectral region. Many processes of enormous interest to
astronomers can best be studied in this wavelength range, but require the demanding combination of high sensitivity, good
angular resolution, and spectroscopic capability. SAFIR is a 10m class telescope to offering good angular resolution, cooled
to below 5 K in order to achieve background-limited sensitivity, and equipped with a complement of large-format cameras and
broadband spectrometers. Successful operation of such a facility is critically dependent on achieving the level of sensitivity
expected, but this is rendered difficult by potential pickup from unwanted sources of radiation. This problem is exacerbated
by the fact that the emission from the optical system itself is minimal due to its low temperature, thus emphasizing the
importance of minimizing pickup from unwanted astronomical sources of radiation, including the emission from dust in our
solar system (analogous to the zodiacal light, hence ‘zodi’), and the emission from warm dust in the Milky Way (Galactic
‘cirrus’).
Author
Apertures; Far Infrared Radiation; Observatories; Space Missions; Telescopes; Optical Equipment
416
75
PLASMA PHYSICS
Includes magnetohydrodynamics and plasma fusion. For ionospheric plasmas see 46 Geophysics. For space plasmas see 90
Astrophysics.

High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Generation and Transverse Ion Acceleration by Low Alfvenic Wave Components
of BBELF Turbulence
Singh, Nagendra; Khazanov, George; Mukhter, Ali; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract
Only
Satellite observations in the auroral plasma have revealed that extremely low frequency (ELF) waves play a dominant role
in the acceleration of electrons and ions in the auroral plasma. The electromagnetic components of the ELF (EMELF) waves
are the electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves below the cyclotron frequency of the lightest ion species in a multi-ion
plasma. Shear Alfv6n waves (SAWS) constitute the lowest frequency components of the ELF waves below the ion cyclotron
frequency of the heaviest ion. The -2 mechanism for the transfer of energy from such EMELF waves to ions affecting
transverse ion heating still remains a matter of debate. A very ubiquitous fe8ture of ELF waves now observed in several rocket
and satellite experiments is that they occur in conjunction with high-frequency electrostatic waves. The frequency spectrum
of the composite wave turbulence extends from the low frequency of the Alfvenic waves to the high frequency of proton
plasma frequency and/or the lower hybrid frequency. The spectrum does not show any feature organized by the ion cyclotron
frequencies and their harmonics. Such broadband waves consisting of both the EM and ES waves are now popularly referred
as BBELF waves. We present results here from 2.5-D particle-in-cell simulations showing that the ES components are directly
generated by cross- field plasma instabilities driven by the drifts of the ions and electrons in the EM component of the BBELF
waves.
Author
Electromagnetic Radiation; Auroras; Electrostatic Waves; Magnetohydrodynamic Stability; Ion Cyclotron Radiation;
Cyclotron Frequency; Wave Generation; Plasma Frequencies
20060049680 Engineering Research and Consulting, Inc., Edwards AFB, CA USA

Complementary Density Measurements for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PREPRINT)
Reed, Garrett D; Hargus, William A; Jul 12, 2006; 9 pp.; In English
Results of two complementary methods of measuring the near field plasma densities of a 200W Busek X3 Hall thruster
are presented. Both a Faraday probe and microwave interferometry system are used to examine the density distribution of the
thruster plasma at regular spatial intervals. Both experiments are performed in situ under the same conditions. The resulting
density distributions obtained from both experiments are presented. Advantages and uncertainties of both methods are
presented, as well as how comparison between the two data sets can account for the uncertainties of each method alone.
DTIC
Density Measurement; Hall Thrusters
20060049681 Engineering Research and Consulting, Inc., Edwards AFB, CA USA

Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simulations Using a Particle-in-Cell Method
Brieda, Lubos; VanGilder, Douglas; Jul 12, 2006; 13 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454754; AIAA-2006-5023; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The statistical nature of the Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm for plasma modeling requires that a large number of
computational particles is used per cell to reduce the numerical noise. This requirement presents a computational obstacle in
cases involving rapidly decaying plasmas, such as in simulations of plume expansion from electric propulsion (EP) thrusters.
The simulation domain typically contains plasma densities ranging from 10(17) to 10(10) particles/cubic meter. Several
approaches for retaining a sufficient per-cell particle count exist, including growth of simulation cells, particle splitting, and
particle tracking limited to the back flowing particles, but none of these is without associated problems. In this paper, we
present an alternative approach based on a multi-domain modeling. A coarse simulation is used to sample particle flux into
a subdomain enclosing the region of interest. A second simulation is then performed on the subdomain, with particles injected
at domain boundaries according to the prescribed flux. This approach is used to predict ion current to a simple cylindrical
417
probe located on a satellite using a cluster of four Hall thrusters for primary propulsion. The effect of sheath resolution is
investigated and results are compared to an analytical model.
DTIC
Electric Propulsion; Plasmas (Physics); Simulation
76
SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
Includes condensed matter physics, crystallography, and superconductivity. For related information see also 33 Electronics and
Electrical Engineering; and 36 Lasers and Masers.

Dalitz Plot Analysis of $B( up arrow)O(underbar)d to K+ pi(up arrow) pi(up arrow)O$ Decays
Yu, Z.; January 2005; 198 pp.; In English
This thesis describes a Dalitz plot analysis of B(sup 0) (yields) K(sup +)(pi)(sup -)(pi)(sup 0) decays. The data sample
comprises 213 million (Upsilon)(4S) (yields) B(bar B) decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II
asymmetric-energy B Factory at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California (SLAC). Preliminary results are
presented for measurements of the inclusive branching fraction, quasi-two-body fractions and CP-violating charge
asymmetries for intermediate states including K*(892)(sup +)(pi)(sup -) and (rho)(770)(sup -)K(sup +). Observations of B(sup
0) decays to the K(pi) S-wave intermediate states, K*(sub 0)(1430)(sup +)(pi)(sup -) and K*(sub 0)(1430)(sup 0)(pi)(sup 0),
are reported. Evidence of the decay B(sup 0) (yields) K*(892)(sup 0)(pi)(sup 0) is seen. We set upper limits at 90% confidence
level on branching fractions of the nonresonant and other less significant intermediate states.
NTIS
Particle Accelerators; Particle Decay
20060048166 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Chiang Mai Univ., Thailand
System of Nanosecond 280-kevV-He(sup +) Pulsed Beam
Junphong, P.; Ano, V.; Thongnoapparat, N.; Lekpresert, B.; Suwannakachorn, D.; January 2005; 8 pp.; In English
At Fast Neutron Research Facility, the 150 kV-pulses neutron generator is being upgraded to a 280-kV-pulsed- He beam
for time-of-flight Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. It involves replacing the existing beam line elements by a multicusp
ion source, a 400-kV accelerating tube, 45o-double focusing dipole magnet and quadrupole lens. The multicusp ion source is
a compact filament-driven of 2.6 cm in diameter and 8 cm in length. The current extracted is 20.4 microA with 13 kV of
extraction voltage and 8.8 kV of Einzel lens voltage. The beam emittance has found to vary between 6-12 mm mrad. The beam
transport system has to be redesigned based on the new elements. The important part of a good pulsed beam depends on the
pulsing system. The two main parts are the chopper and buncher. An optimized geometry for the 280 keV pulsed helium ion
beam will be presented and discussed. The PARMELA code has been used to optimize the space charge effect, resulting in
pulse width of less than 2 ns at a target. The calculated distance from a buncher to the target is 4.6 m. Effects of energy spread
and phase angle between chopper and buncher have been included in the optimization of the bunch length.
NTIS
Particle Accelerators; Neutrons; Pulse Duration

Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics With Coherent Radiation And a Transverse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2
Frohlich, L.; Grimm, O.; Klose, K.; Nagl, M.; Peters, O.; Aug. 2005; 8 pp.; In English
At the DESY TTF2 linear accelerator three special techniques to characterize the longitudinal charge distribution of the
electron bunches that drive the free-electron laser are currently under study: electro-optical sampling, far-infrared spectral
analysis of coherent radiation and the use of a transverse deflecting cavity to streak the bunch. The principles and
implementations of the latter two are described in this paper. Details on electro-optical sampling can be found in the paper.
NTIS
Cavities; Charge Distribution; Coherent Radiation; Deflection; Diagnosis; Particle Accelerators; Shapes
418
Cryostat with Foil and MLI
Hwang, P. K. F.; Guang, C.; Oct. 2005; 34 pp.; In English
Induction cores are used to accelerate heavy ion beam array, which are built around the outer diameter of the cryostat
housing the superconducting quadruple array. Compact cryostat is highly desirable to reduce the cost of the induction cores.
Recent experiences in fabrication of a cryostat for single beam transport revealed that it is possible to reduce the spacing in
the cryostat vacuum jacket by using low-emissivity thermal insulation material instead of conventional MLI. However, it is
labor-intensive to install the new type of insulation as compared with using MLI. It is promising to build a cost-effective
compact cryostat for quadruple magnet array for heavy ion beam array transport by using low-emissivity material combined
with conventional MLI as radiation insulation. A matrix of insulation designs and tests will be performed as the feasibility
study and for the selection of the optimal thermal insulation as the Phase I work. The selected mixed insulation will be used
to build prototype compact cryostats in the Phase II project, which are aiming for housing quadruple doublet array. In this
STTR phase I study, a small cryostat has been designed and built to perform calorimetric characterization of the heat load in
a liquid helium vessel insulated with a vacuum layer with a nominal clearance of 3.5 mm.
NTIS
Cryostats; Foils (Materials)
20060048210 Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, USA, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Ammonia Concentrations by Optical
Absorption in Particle-Laden Combustion Exhaust Streams
Caton, J. A.; Annamalai, K.; Lucht, R. P.; January 2005; 10 pp.; In English
An all-solid-state continuous-wave (cw) laser system for ultraviolet absorption measurements of the nitric oxide (NO)
molecule has been developed and demonstrated. For the NO sensor, 250 nW of tunable cw ultraviolet radiation is produced
by sum-frequency-mixing of 532-nm radiation from a diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser and tunable 395-nm radiation from an
external cavity diode laser (ECDL). The sum-frequency-mixing process occurs in a beta-barium borate crystal. The nitric
oxide absorption measurements are performed by tuning the ECDL and scanning the sum-frequency-mixed radiation over
strong nitric oxide absorption lines near 226 nm.
NTIS
Absorption Spectroscopy; Air Pollution; Ammonia; Combustion; Electromagnetic Absorption; Light Transmission; Nitric
Oxide; Pollution Monitoring; Solid State; Streams; Ultraviolet Absorption
Automating the Modeling of the SEE Cross Section’s Angular Dependence
Patterson, J. D.; Edmonds, L. D.; September 15, 2003; 4 pp.; In English; Radiation Effects on Components and Systems
(RADECS) Workshop, September 12-19, 2003, Noordwijk, Netherlands; Copyright; ONLINE:
http://hdl.handle.net/2014/38469; Avail.: Other Sources
An algorithm that automates the application of the alpha law in any SEE analysis is presented. This automation is essential
for the widespread acceptance of the sophisticated cross section angular dependence model.
Author
Single Event Upsets; Mathematical Models; Cross Sections; Linear Energy Transfer (LET); Angular Distribution

Real-Time Process Monitoring by P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase
Epitaxy
Banks, H T; Dietz, N; Ito, K; Jan 2000; 21 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Controlling and optimizing growth processes require improved methods of characterization and understanding of
decomposition pathways and surface reaction kinetics. They also require the development of advanced nonlinear filtering and
feedback control concepts. This contribution describes results on real-time optical monitoring of thin film growth processes
419
by ppolarized reflectance (PR) utilizing a pulsed chemical beam epitaxy (PCBE) approach, where the growth surface is
sequentially exposed to organometallic precursors. Under these conditions the surface reaction kinetics can be followed by
analyzing a periodically (in composition and thickness) modulated surface reaction layer (SRL). This modulation can be
captured in the PR-signals as a fine structure that is superimposed on the interference fringes produced by underlying growing
film. The optical response is linked to the growth process via a reduced order surface kinetics (ROSK) model and integrated
as a control signal in the implementation of filter and control algorithms for closed-loop controlled growth. The control
concept has been applied for thickness and compositional graded multi-heterostructure Ga(x)In(1-x)P epilayers and validated
by ex-situ post-growth analysis. This results in superior tracking of composition and thickness targets under closed loop
controlled conditions when compared to films grown using pre-designed source injection profiles (open-loop conditions).
DTIC
Epitaxy; Feedback Control; Real Time Operation; Reflectance; Spectroscopy; Thin Films; Vapor Phase Epitaxy
77
PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS
Includes quantum mechanics; theoretical physics; and statistical mechanics. For related information see also 72 Atomic and Molecular
Physics, 73 Nuclear Physics, and 25 Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry.

Thermal Conductivity of Composites Under Different Heating Scenarios
Banks, H T; Hogan, J H; Tirpak, R E; Wynne, S; Oct 5, 2003; 31 pp.; In English
We study the overall thermal conductivity of composites under three different heating scenarios: (i) a laser pulse heat
source, (ii) a preheated composite sample, and (iii) a continuous heat source.
DTIC
Heating; Thermal Conductivity

Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g K+K+K-
Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Negrini, M.; January 2005; 16 pp.; In English
Mesons; Particle Decay; Quantum Chromodynamics
20060049190 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Hawaii Univ., Honolulu, HI, USA, Ohio State Univ.,
Columbus, OH, USA
Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos via Coherent Radio Emission
Varner, G. S.; Gorham, P. W.; Clem, J. M.; Barwick, S. W.; Kowalski, R. J.; May 2006; 10 pp.; In English
High Energy Interactions; Neutrinos; Radio Emission

Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic Decays B yields X(sub u)lV from BABAR
Dingfelder, J.; January 2006; 10 pp.; In English
The latest results of exclusive charmless semileptonic decays B (yields) (pi)(ell)v and B (yields) (rho)(ell)v from the
BARBAR Collaboration are presented. They are based on samples of B(bar B) events recorded on the (Upsilon)(4S)
resonance. Several different experimental techniques are compared. Measurements of partial branching fractions in intervals
of q(sup 2), the four-momentum transfer squared, allow a study of the shape of the B (yields) (pi)(ell)v form factor and a
comparison with theoretical calculations. The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element (V(sub ub))is determined using
420
the measured branching fractions combined with recent form-factor predictions.
NTIS
Particle Decay; Elementary Particle Interactions; Leptons; Charm (Particle Physics)
20060049193 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Dortmund Univ., Germany
Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR
Altenburg, D.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English
In this note we present results on charmed hadron decays recently obtained from data recorded with the BABAR detector
at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) PEP-II B-Factory.
NTIS
Hadrons; Spectroscopy; Charm (Particle Physics)

Measurement of the CKM-Angle gamma BABAR
Tisserand, V.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English
The authors present the results of the measurements employed by the BABAR Collaboration, to determine the value of
the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) CP-violating phase (gamma) ((tripe-bond) arg (-V(sub ud)V*(sub ub)/V(sub
cd)V*(sub cb))). These measurements are based on the studies performed with the charged B-decays B(sup -) (yields) (tilde
D)(sup O) K(sup -) B(sup -) (yields) (tilde D)*(sup O) K*(sup -), where (tilde D)(sup O) indicates either a D(sup O) or a (bar
D)(sup O) meson. A sample of about 230 million B(bar B) pairs collected by the BABAR detector, at the PEP-II asymmetric
energy e(sup +)e(sup -) collider at SLAC, is used.
NTIS
CP Violation; Particle Decay
20060049242 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA

Inclusive Measurements of Vub from BaBar
Ricca, G. D.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English
The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix element V(sub ub) is a fundamental parameter of the Standard Model,
representing the coupling of the b quark to the u quark. It is one of the smallest and least known elements of the CKM matrix.
With the increasingly precise measurements of decay-time-dependent CP asymmetries in B-meson decays, in particular the
angle (beta), improved measurements of the magnitude of V(sub ub) will allow for stringent experimental tests of the Standard
Model mechanism for CP violation. The extraction of V(sub ub) is a challenge, both theoretically and experimentally.
Theoretically, the weak decay rate for b yields uev can be calculated at the parton level. It is proportional to V(sub ub)/(sup
2) and m(sub b)(sup 5), where m(sub b) is the b-quark mass. To relate the B-meson decay rate to (V(sub ub)), the parton-level
calculations have to be corrected for perturbative and non-perturbative QCD effects. These corrections can be calculated using
various techniques: heavy quark expansions (HQE) and QCD factorization. They make use of specific assumptions and are
affected by different uncertainties.
NTIS
Quarks; Quantum Chromodynamics; Charm (Particle Physics); Mesons; Particle Decay
20060049325 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA

Quarkonium Spectroscopy at Babar
Negrini, M.; January 2006; 10 pp.; In English
The Babar experiment at the high luminosity storage ring PEP-II offers excellent opportunities in quarkonium
spectroscopy. Recent Babar results obtained in this field are reported.
NTIS
Spectroscopy; Quarks; Mesons
421
Charm Baryon Studies at BaBAR
The authors present a precision measurement of the mass of the (Lambda)(sub c)(sup +) and studies of the production and
decay of the (Omega)(sub c)(sup O) and (Xi)(sub c)(sup O) charm baryons using data collected by the BABAR experiment.
To keep the systematic uncertainty as low as possible, the (Lambda)(sub c)(sup +) mass measurement is performed using the
low Q-value decays, (Lambda)(sub c)(sup +) (yields) (Lambda)(sup O) K(sup S)(sup O)K(sup +) and (Lambda)(sub c)(sup
+) (yields) (Sigma)(sup O) K(sub S)(sup O)K(sub S)(sup O)K(sup +). Several hadronic final states involving an (Omega)(sup
-) and a (Xi)(sup -) hyperon are analyzed to reconstruct the (Xi)(sub c)(sup O) and the (Omega)(sub c)(sup O).
NTIS
Baryons; Particle Mass; Particle Decay
20060050114 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Grenoble-1 Univ., Annecy, France, Barcelona Univ., Spain,
Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi + pi - Gamma (2S)
Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; January 2006; 12 pp.; In English
The authors present the first measurement of (Upsilon)(4S) decays to (pi)(sup +)(pi)(sup -) (Upsilon)(1S) and (pi)(sup
+)(pi)(sup -) (Upsilon)(2S) based on a sample of 230 x 10(sup 6) (Upsilon)(4S) mesons collected with the BABAR detector.
NTIS
Particle Decay; Vector Mesons
Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +)
Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; Apr. 05, 2006; 12 pp.; In English
The authors report the observation of decays B(sup O) (yields) D(subs s)(sup (*)+) (pi)(sup -) and B(sup O) (yields) D(sub
s)(sup (*)-) K(sup +) in a sample of 230 x 10(sup 6) (Upsilon)(4S) (yields) B(bar B) events recorded with the BABAR detector
at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy e(sup +)e(sup -) storage ring.
NTIS
Mesons; Particle Decay
20060050118 London Univ., UK, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA
Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Luminosity Performance Studies
White, G.; Walker, N.; Schulte, D.; Jul. 2005; 8 pp.; In English
To study the luminosity performance of the International Linear Collider (ILC) with different design parameters, a
simulation was constructed that tracks a multi-bunch representation of the beam from the Damping Ring extraction through
to the Interaction Point. The simulation code PLACET is used to simulate the LINAC, MatMerlin is used to track through the
Beam Delivery System and GUINEA-PIG for the beam-beam interaction. Included in the simulation are ground motion and
wakefield effects, intra-train fast feedback and luminosity-based feedback systems. To efficiently study multiple parameters/
multiple seeds, the simulation is deployed on the Queen Mary High-Throughput computing cluster at Queen Mary, University
of London, where 100 simultaneous simulation seeds can be run.
NTIS
Beam Interactions; Luminosity; Simulation; Linear Accelerators
Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar c) Production Near Square root of
s+ 10.6 GeV
Aubert, B.; Barate, R.; Bona, M.; Boutigny, D.; Couderc, F.; January 2006; 32 pp.; In English
422
A study of the D*(sub sJ)(2317)(sup +) and D(sub sJ)(2460)(sup +) mesons in inclusive c(bar c) production is presented
using 232 fb(sup -1) of data collected by the BABAR experiment near (radical)s = 10.6 GeV. Final states consisting of a D(sub
s)(sup +) meson along with one or more (pi)(sup O), (pi)(sup (+-)), or (gamma) particles are considered. Estimates of the mass
and limits on the width are provided for both mesons and for the D(sub s1)(2536)(sup +) meson. A search is also performed
for neutral and doubly-charged partners of the D*(sub sJ)(2317)(sup +) meson.
NTIS
Mesons; Particle Production; Particle Mass
80
SOCIAL AND INFORMATION SCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to sociology; educational programs and curricula. For specific topics in these areas see
categories 81 through 85.

The Federal Workforce Additional Insights Could Enhance Agency Efforts Related to Hispanic Representation
August 2006; 71 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): GAO-06-832; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
Hispanic representation in the federal workforce has historically been lower than in the Civilian Labor Force (CLF).
Understanding factors affecting representation is important to developing and maintaining a high-quality and inclusive
workforce. In this report, GAO identifies and analyzes factors affecting Hispanic representation in the federal workforce,
examines oversight roles of EEOC and OPM, and provides illustrations of selected federal agencies efforts with respect to
Hispanic representation. GAO constructed a multivariate logistic regression model, with advice from experts, to determine
how factors affected the likelihood of Hispanics and non-Hispanics being in the federal versus nonfederal workforce. GAO
s analyses are not intended to and do not show the existence or absence of discrimination in the federal workforce.
Derived from text
Race Factors; Governments; Employment; Labor
81
ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT
Includes management planning and research.
20060049993 Dartmouth Coll., Hanover, NH, USA

Building SMART Leadership
Finkelstein, Sydney; Jackson, Eric M.; International Conference on Advances in the Internet, Processing, Systems and
Have you taken the necessary steps to help maintain and grow your organization s preeminent market position? At some
point, the officers and directors of Morgan Stanley, MassMutual, Worldcom, and Enron would have all answered ‘yes’ to this
question. All these firms had dominant market positions and were led by officers and directors with impeccable credentials.
Over the last several years, our research has uncovered the key differences between these successful companies that eventually
failed in some manner and other very successful companies that have been able to retain and grow their market dominance.
We call the latter, ‘SMART Organizations,’ and they regularly track and improve in the Three Pillar areas of SMART
Leadership, SMART Strategy, and SMART Process. In this article, we describe SMART Leadership and how to make it
blossom in your organization.
Author
Leadership; Organizations; Commerce; Dominance
20060050042 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC, USA

NASA: Sound Management and Oversight Key to Addressing Crew Exploration Vehicle Project Risks
[2006]; 15 pp.; In English
423
In summary, we found that because NASA’s exploration program is in its early stages, the agency cannot develop a firm
cost estimate for the program at this time. The changes that have occurred to the program over the past year and the resulting
refinement of its associated cost estimates are indicative of the evolving nature of the program. Furthermore, we found that
it will likely be a challenge for NASA to implement the program, as laid out in its Exploration Systems Architecture study
(ESAS)5 due to the high costs associated with the program in some years and the long-term sustainability of the program
relative to anticipated funding. Finally, we found that NASA’s acquisition strategy for the CEV was not based upon obtaining
an adequate level of knowledge when making key resources decisions, placing the program at risk for cost overruns, schedule
delays, and performance shortfalls. These risks were evident in NASA’s plan to commit to a long-term product development
effort before establishing a sound business case for the project that includes well-defined requirements, mature technology, a
preliminary design, and firm cost estimates. Furthermore, in our 2005 report on NASA’s acquisition policies, we found that
NASA’s policies lacked major decision reviews beyond the initial project approval gate and lacked a standard set of criteria
with which to measure projects at crucial phases in the development life cycle. These decision reviews and development
measures are key markers needed to ensure that projects are proceeding with and decisions are being based upon the
appropriate level of knowledge and can help to lessen project risks. In our July 2006 report, we recommended that NASA
adjust its acquisition strategy to ensure that sufficient program knowledge, to include well-defined requirements, mature
technologies, a stable design, and realistic cost estimates, be attained prior to committing the government to a long-term
contract. NASA did not concur with our recommendation and in late August awarded a contract for the design, development,
production, and sustainment of the CEV to Lockheed Martin. However, prior to awarding the contract, NASA adjusted its
acquisition approach and the agency included the production and sustainment portions of the contract as options a move that
is consistent with the recommendation in our report because it lessens the government s financial obligation at this early stage.
While these changes are positive steps, the agency s acquisition strategy needs further refinement to conform to acquisition
best practices. Given the approach that NASA has chosen, continued congressional oversight will be critical for ensuring that
the program stays within cost and schedule goals.
Derived from text
Design to Cost; Risk; Product Development; Cost Estimates; Life (Durability); Space Exploration

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Incorporate Lessons Learned from
Other Satellite Programs
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is nearing the end of the preliminary design phase of its
GOES-R system, which was initially estimated to cost $6.2 billion and scheduled to have the first satellite ready for launch
in 2012. At the time of our review, NOAA had issued contracts for the preliminary design of the overall GOES-R system to
three vendors and expected to award a contract to one of these vendors in August 2007 to develop the satellites. In addition,
to reduce the risks associated with developing new instruments, NOAA issued contracts for the early development of two
instruments and for the preliminary designs of three other instruments. The agency plans to turn these instrument contracts
over to the vendor that is awarded the contract for the overall GOES-R program. However, recent analyses of the GOES-R
program cost, which in May 2006 the program office estimated could reach $11.4 billion, have led the agency to consider
reducing the scope of requirements for the satellite series. At the time of our review, NOAA officials estimated that a decision
on the future scope and direction of the program could be made by the end of September 2006. Since then, NOAA officials
told us that the agency has made a decision to reduce the scope and complexity of the GOES-R program by reducing the
number of satellites and canceling a technically complex instrument. NOAA has taken steps to implement lessons learned from
past satellite programs, but more remains to be done. Prior satellite programs, including a prior GOES series, a polar-orbiting
environmental satellite series, and various military satellite programs, often experience technical challenges, cost overruns,
and schedule delays. Key lessons from these programs include the need to (1) establish realistic cost and schedule estimates,
(2) ensure sufficient technical readiness of the system s components prior to key decisions, (3) provide sufficient management
at government and contractor levels, and (4) perform adequate senior executive oversight to ensure mission success. NOAA
has established plans to address these lessons by conducting independent cost estimates, performing preliminary studies of key
technologies, placing resident government offices at key contractor locations, and establishing a senior executive oversight
committee. However, many steps remain to fully address these lessons. Specifically, NOAA has not yet developed a process
to evaluate and reconcile the independent and government cost estimates.
Derived from text
Geosynchronous Orbits; GOES Satellites; Cost Estimates; Synchronous Platforms; Launching
424
U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Implementing Aerospace Commission Recommendations, and Remaining
Challenges
Federal agencies have taken actions that address selected Commission recommendations to varying degrees, from
establishing new offices, programs, and policies to changing existing programs or policies; however, the actions the agencies
have taken are still in the early stages of implementation. For example, the Commission s recommendation to establish a
federal interdepartmental group to plan a new, highly automated air traffic management system was addressed by the creation
of the Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO), which consists of seven federal agencies, including FAA, NASA, and
Defense. However, JPDO faces challenges in leveraging partner agency resources and maintaining commitment from
nonfederal stakeholders as it moves forward in planning the new air traffic management system. In addition, the President
issued a new space exploration policy and NASA created a directorate to implement the policy, realigning some programs and
funds to do so. Both the new policy and the directorate address the broad Commission recommendation to create a space
imperative. Other new efforts include a jobs training initiative and education programs that address the broad Commission
recommendation to promote the growth of the U.S. aerospace workforce. Labor and the Department of Education have
provided grant funding for these efforts, however, there are questions about the impact of the grants. Changes to existing
programs include NASA s restructuring of its aeronautics research program, which addresses the specific Commission
recommendation to increase the federal focus on long-term aerospace research; FAA s revisions to its rule making and airport
environmental review procedures, which address the specific Commission recommendations to streamline the regulatory and
airport review processes; and FAA s attempts to increase the U.S. presence in international aviation partnerships, which
addresses the specific Commission recommendation to commit to international partnerships. Federal agencies have taken few,
if any, actions to address other Commission recommendations such as reforming exports control policies and establishing a
national aerospace policy.
Derived from text
Space Exploration; Aerospace Industry; Air Traffıc Control; Management Systems; Management Planning; Policies;
Aeronautical Engineering
82
DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Includes information management; information storage and retrieval technology; technical writing; graphic arts; and micrography. For
computer program documentation see 61 Computer Programming and Software.
20060048208 Illinois Univ., Chicago, IL, USA

Partnering for Patient Empowerment through Community Awareness. Facilitator’s Guide
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NLM-N01-LM-1-3513
Report No.(s): PB2006-115665; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The Partnering for Patient Empowerment through Community Awareness, or PPECA project, brought together members
of the community to develop a model to improve communication among key players regarding patient safety information--the
consumer, the healthcare professional and the librarian--so that the best quality care is provided to patients; and to improve
consumer awareness about patient safety and healthcare resources so that patients can better understand the importance of
information and feel empowered to accept an active role in health care.
NTIS
Information Systems; Patients; Safety

Standards Database Maintenance Phase II
Horsmon, Jr, Albert W; Clapham, Scott B; Sep 9, 1997; 43 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453212; UMTRI-97-35; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453212; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The objective of the standards database projects has been to develop and maintain a compendium of standards (from
international, national, government and regulatory bodies) that have relevance to the U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry. The
425
first project in the current series was reported as NSRP 0361. It had standards titles, numbers, and issuing organizations
cross-referenced by Ship Work Breakdown Structure (SWBS) numbers. The second was NSRP 0456 and was intended as a
follow-on to NSRP 0361, but the timing was such that 0456 was essentially a new database index. This report is another new
database index of shipbuilding-related standards. It is an expanded and updated version of 0456 with over 37,000 (up from
17,000) standards listed. This database should provide shipyards and related marine industries with a ready reference to
standards that are of use to shipbuilding, and avoid the development of new standards where acceptable standards exist.
DTIC
Data Bases; Maintenance; Standardization

Managing Contention and Timing Constraints in a Real-Time Database System
Lehr, Matthew R; Kim, Young-Kuk; Son, Sang H; Jan 1995; 11 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
Previous work in real-time database management systems (RT-DBMS) has primarily based on simulation. This paper
discusses how current real-time technology has been applied to architect an actual RT-DBMS on a real-time microkernel
operating system. A real RT-DBMS must confront many practical issues which simulations typically ignore: race conditions,
concurrency, and asynchrony. The challenge of constructing a RT-DBMS is divided into three basic problems: dealing with
resource contention, dealing with data contention, and enforcing timing constraints. In this paper, we present our approaches
to each problem.
DTIC
Data Bases; Real Time Operation
20060048747 Niigata Univ., Niigata, Japan

A Four-Component Decomposition of POLSAR Image
Yamaguchi, Yoshio; Ishido, Motoi; Yamada, Hiroyoshi; Moriyama, Toshifumi; Jul 25, 2005; 5 pp.; In English; Original
A four-component scattering model is proposed to decompose polarimetric synthetic aperture radar images. The
covariance matrix approach is used to deal with the non-reflection symmetric scattering case. This scheme includes and
extends the three-component decomposition method dealing with the reflection symmetry condition that the co-pol and the
cross-pol correlations are close to zero. Circular polarization power is added as the fourth component to the three component
scattering model which describes surface, double bounce, and volume scattering. This circular polarization term is added to
take account of the co-pol and the cross-pol correlations which generally appear in complex urban area scatttering and
disappear for natural distributed scatterer.
DTIC
Classifications; Decomposition; Land Use

Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Approach to Managing Innovation in the Public Sector
Creighton, J W; Jolly, J A; Laner, Stephen; Jan 1985; 100 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
This edited volume contains presentations from a symposium on technology transfer. Following an Introduction by J. W.
Creighton, this edited volume contains the following chapters: Chapter 1, Management for Change, by P. A. Phelps; Chapter
2, A Focus on the Future, by Ross Whaley; Chapter 3, Getting More Done with Less, by Richard C. Fay; Chapter 4, Potential
Contributions of Education to Technology Transfer, by Arthur Wilcox; Chapter 5, Emerging Innovations: Consideration for
Implementation, by Stan Krugman and J. W. Creighton; Chapter 6, Matching Technology to Customers’ Needs, by Bob
Frankenberg; Chapter 7, Technology Transfer for Enhanced RDT&E Effectiveness, by Milon Essoglou.
DTIC
Management Planning; Organizations; Technology Transfer; United States
426
Exploring Interactive Relevance Feedback With a Two-Pass Study Design
Demner-Fushman, Dina; He, Daqing; Oard, Douglas W; Oct 2004; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A453566; LAMP-TR-116; CFAR-TR-1001; No Copyright; ONLINE:
Interactive query refinement is widely believed to improve the effectiveness of ranked retrieval but it can be difficult to
leverage existing batch evaluation frameworks to quantify the relative benefits of alternative interaction designs. This paper
uses the new two-pass interaction design of the Text Retrieval Conference’s High Accuracy Retrieval from Documents
(HARD) track to explore the design space for cluster-based interactive relevance feedback. Two sites contributed two
techniques for cluster formation and three techniques for cluster labeling. The effectiveness of each technique was compared
with lower bounds based on blind relevance feedback, and with upper bounds found with oracle-based techniques. The
clustering techniques were found to yield potential benefits, but the automatically constructed cluster labels were found not
to support sufficiently accurate cluster selection. Elicitation of a desired cluster descriptor was found to significantly improve
the effectiveness of a subsequent retrieval pass. These results indicate that the affordable two-pass study design used in the
HARD track can yield useful insights to guide future design decisions.
DTIC
Feedback; Information Retrieval

Entropy, Perception, and Relativity
Jaegar, Stefan; Apr 2006; 33 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453569; LAMP-TR-131; CAR-TR-1012; No Copyright; ONLINE:
http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA453569; Avail.: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
In this paper, I expand Shannon’s definition of entropy into a new form of entropy that allows integration of information
from different random events. Shannon’s notion of entropy is a special case of my more general definition of entropy. I define
probability using a so-called performance function, which is de facto an exponential distribution. Assuming that my general
notion of entropy reflects the true uncertainty about a probabilistic event, I understand that our perceived uncertainty differs.
I claim that our perception is the result of two opposing forces similar to the two famous antagonists in Chinese philosophy:
Yin and Yang. Based on this idea, I show that our perceived uncertainty matches the true uncertainty in points determined by
the golden ratio. I demonstrate that the well-known sigmoid function, which we typically employ in artificial neural networks
as a non-linear threshold function, describes the actual performance. Furthermore, I provide a motivation for the time dilation
in Einstein’s Special Relativity, basically claiming that although time dilation conforms with our perception, it does not
correspond to reality. At the end of the paper, I show how to apply this theoretical framework to practical applications. I
present recognition rates for a pattern recognition problem, and also propose a network architecture that can take advantage
of general entropy to solve complex decision problems.
DTIC
Entropy; Information Theory; Relativity

Detecting Potential Insider Threats Through Email Datamining
Okolica, James; Mar 2006; 320 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Despite a technology bias that focuses on external electronic threats, insiders pose the greatest threat to commercial and
government organizations. One means of preventing insider theft is by stopping potential insiders from actually crossing the
line. In the overwhelming number of cases, people do not join an organization with the intention of stealing or causing harm.
Instead, something or often several some things happen while the individual is in the organization that precedes his malevolent
actions. One of the traits identified with insiders is their feeling of alienation from the organization. By data mining emails,
an employee’s interests can be discerned. These interests are then used to construct social networks which are used to identify
individuals with interests shared but undiscussed with other members of the organization. These individuals with clandestine
interests have the potential to be insider threats. This paper describes the use of Probabilistic Latent Semantic Indexing (PLSI)
extended to include users (PLSI-U) and Author Topic extended to include documents to determine topics of interest for
427
employees from their email activity. It then applies PLSI-U and Author Topic to the Enron email corpus. The results show that
by comparing the topics of emails that people send internally with the ones sent externally, a small number of employees
(0.03%-1.0%) emerge as having clandestine interests and the potential to become insider threats. Most significantly, one of
these individuals is Sherron Watkins, the famous whistleblower in the Enron case.
DTIC
Data Mining; Detection; Electronic Mail; Information Retrieval

Document Image Understanding - 1997
Doermann, D; Oct 1998; 71 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): MDA9049-C6-1250; EIA01-30422
Report No.(s): AD-A453642; LAMP-TR-025; CFAR-TR-897; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A04, Hardcopy
This report contains nearly 500 references which are directly related to the field of document image understanding and
appeared in major journals and conferences during 1997. Each reference is classified by major topic. Areas covered include,
but are not limited to, preprocessing, models and representations, on-line recognition, off-line recognition, graphics
recognition and interpretation, page processing, post-processing and special applications. A BibTeX version of the
bibliography as well as search capabilities are available on-line at url http : //documents .cfar.umd. edu/biblio/.
DTIC
Character Recognition; Image Processing; Imaging Techniques
20060048970 New York Univ., NY USA

Adding Numbers to Text Classification
Macskassy, Sofus A; Hirsh, Hayn; Jan 2003; 8 pp.; In English
Many real-world problems involve a combination of both text- and numerical-valued features. For example, in email
classification, it is possible to use instance representations that consider not only the text of each message, but also
numerical-valued features such as the length of the message or the time of day at which it was sent. Text-classification methods
have thus far not easily incorporated numerical features. In earlier work we described an approach for converting numerical
features into bags of tokens so that text classification methods can be applied to numerical classification problems, and showed
that the resulting learning methods are competitive with traditional numerical classification methods. In this paper we use this
as a way to learn on problems that involve a combination of text and numbers. We show that the results outperform competing
methods. Further, we show that selecting a best classification method using text-only features and then adding numerical
features to the problem (as might happen if numerical features are only later added to a pre-existing text-classification
problem) gives performance that rivals a more time-consuming approach of evaluating all classification methods using the full
set of both text and numerical features.
DTIC
Classifications; Information Retrieval; Learning; Machine Learning; Texts

Shock and Vibration Bulletin. No. 5
Schade, H A; Sep 1947; 81 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453850; NRL-S-3181; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A05, Hardcopy
This Bulletin, like any other technical periodical, is a medium for disseminating ideas and methods which are of interest
to a specialized group. The material presented herein is intended to be helpful, in one way or another, to those engaged in the
field of shock and vibration under the sponsorship of the Armed Forces. In order to reach the technician who really uses the
Bulletin, it is essential (1) that those who select and assemble the material to be distributed know the general type of
information which is in current demand; (2) that the information reach the worker promptly; (3) that the recipient of the
information become, also, a contributor, either by presenting scientific papers for the publication or by discussing the material
which is offered by others.
DTIC
Periodicals; Vibration
428
Computerized Compendium of Standards
Bunch, Howard M; Horsmon, Jr , Albert W; Hagemeister, Kurt W; Dec 18, 1992; 38 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A453851; NSRP-0361; UMTRI-92-31; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
The objective of this project was to develop a compendium of standards (international, national, military, and regulatory)
that have relevance to the U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry. The intended benefits are to provide shipyards with a ready
reference to standards that are of use to shipbuilding, and to eliminate the development of new standards where acceptable
standards exist.
DTIC
Data Bases; Marine Technology; Ships

Computation of Delays in Acyclical Distributed Decisionmaking Organizations
Jin, Victoria Y; Levis, Alexander H; Aug 1985; 21 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-83-K-0185; N00014-84-K-0519
Report No.(s): AD-A453888; LIDS-P-1488; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy
An algorithm for computing time delays in a distributed decision making system is developed. Starting with a matrix
representation of the organizational structure all possible information processing paths are scanned and the time delay
associated with each one is computed. When the decision strategies are known, the expected delay of the overall system can
be obtained.
DTIC
Algorithms; Data Processing; Decision Making; Decision Support Systems; Organizations
Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Digital Media
Oakely, Ernest C., Inventor; May 23, 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Patent Info.: Filed 29 Jun. 2004; US-Patent-7,050,256; US-Patent-Appl-SN-885529; NASA-Case-NPO-40755; No Copyright;
A non-contact fast erase method for erasing information stored on a magnetic or optical media. The magnetic media
element includes a magnetic surface affixed to a toroidal conductor and stores information in a magnetic polarization pattern.
The fast erase method includes applying an alternating current to a planar inductive element positioned near the toroidal
conductor, inducing an alternating current in the toroidal conductor, and heating the magnetic surface to a temperature that
exceeds the Curie-point so that information stored on the magnetic media element is permanently erased. The optical disc
element stores information in a plurality of locations being defined by pits and lands in a toroidal conductive layer. The fast
erase method includes similarly inducing a plurality of currents in the optical media element conductive layer and melting a
predetermined portion of the conductive layer so that the information stored on the optical medium is destroyed.
Conductors; Alternating Current; Optical Disks; Optical Data Storage Materials

Human Perception and Objective Delay Evaluation of Multimedia Services
Burnik, Urban; Tasic, Jurij F.; Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. 1; 2006, pp. 7-12; In Slovene; See also 20060049162;
An important quality evaluation measure for interactive multimedia services is service latency. The paper proposes a
quantitative function to measure human perception of service delay, gives an overview of human perception models, where
the Weber s, Fechner s and Steven s models are described and illustrated, and presents a family of suitable continuous
evaluation measures. Based on the existing knowledge on delay and latency requirements in telecommunication and
multimedia services, a generalised evaluation function is proposed based on Steven s power law.
Author
Multimedia; Telecommunication; Perception
429
20060049223 Digital Mill, Inc., Portland, ME USA
Games for Health 2005
Sawyer, Benjamin G; Oct 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Using the conference convening resources of the Games for Health Project, operated by Digital Mill, we worked to further
advance TATRC goals and current efforts by helping TATRC network and exchange knowledge with the growing body of
work in health and healthcare that involves commercial game technologies. Furthermore we used this effort to also bring
together principal investigators of TATRC projects with the games for health community to further networking and
collaboration opportunities. The results of this effort are being used to further inform future TATRC efforts, and to build a
knowledgebase of activity and output from the games for health research community. Since games are increasingly leading
and contributing to the baseline growth of simulation, modeling, and interactive training helping to bridge the cultural,
technical, and development divides that exist between videogame-based organizations and non-videogame organizations is
critical to the overall advancement of next-generation training, tele-medicine, and personal health tools.
DTIC
Games; Health; Telemedicine

Information Technology (IT) Management: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Homeland Security Act of 2002
Seifert, Jeffery W; Feb 3, 2005; 5 pp.; In English
CASI: A01, Hardcopy
The role of information technology (IT) figures prominently in the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (P.L. 107-296).
Although most of these provisions are primarily focused on external information management (i.e., the department’s
interactions with other departments and agencies), some internal information management provisions also are included to help
address the challenges of absorbing the programs, personnel, and objectives now residing in other agencies. For example,
Section 103 addresses an aspect of federal management, the creation of a Chief Information Officer (CIO), which was
established for agencies under the Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996. The law also outlines IT management duties for some of the
Under Secretaries. Compared in relation to the Clinger-Cohen Act, the information technology management provisions raise
some potential oversight issues, including the appointment and reporting requirements of the department-level CIO,
overlapping IT management responsibilities between various departmental officials, and possible national security exemptions
from Clinger-Cohen requirements. This report will be revised as congressional action requires.
DTIC
Data Processing; Information Management; Information Systems; Law (Jurisprudence); Management Planning; Security;
United States

Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Mission
Woolley, Pamela L; Jun 2006; 55 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The purpose of this research was to provide a common framework and language for the definition of cyberspace.
Specifically, this project looked into three key areas: (1) What is cyberspace? (2) Why is cyberspace so unique and important?
and (3) What are the U.S. Air Force’s cyberspace capabilities and mission areas? An extensive literature review indicates that
the fundamental problem of defining cyberspace evolved as cyberspace evolved within each community in the Air Force. The
culmination of this effect was an encompassing definition as well as a set of models to graphically depict cyberspace and its
interactions with other information domains.
DTIC
Computer Networks; Interprocessor Communication; Pulse Communication; United States
430
20060049247 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA
Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export Control and other Policy Decisions
Jul 2006; 31 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Technological advantage is fundamental to U.S. military dominance in 21st-century warfare. Major acquisitions in the
Department of Defense Defense’s (DOD) ongoing force transformation including manned and unmanned aircraft systems,
networkcentric communications systems, and air and ground weapons rely on maintaining technological superiority. Failure
to identify and protect critical technologies makes U.S. military assets vulnerable to cloning, neutralization, or other action
that degrades current and anticipated capabilities. To help minimize these risks, DOD Dod’s Militarily Critical Technologies
Program developed and periodically updates two lists of technologies the Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) and
the Developing Science and Technologies List (DSTL) each consisting of 20 sections. These lists are primarily intended to
inform U.S. export control decisions, but can also help inform counterintelligence activities, research plans, and technology
protection programs. As such, the MCTL and DSTL are considered fundamental to identifying technologies critical to national
security that can help inform decisions to ensure U.S. technological advantage for the warfighter. Redefined national security
threats, rapid technological advances, and increasing efforts by adversaries to gain access to U.S. military weapon system
technology heighten the need to identify and protect militarily critical technologies. Given the importance of the MCTL and
DSTL, you asked us to (1) assess the Militarily Critical Technologies Program’s process for updating the MCTL and DSTL
and (2) determine how the lists are used to inform export control and DOD policy decisions.
DTIC
Forecasting; Military Technology; Policies

The Challenges of Information Management in the Networked Battlespace: Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data
and the Warfighter
Bass, Samuel D; Jun 2006; 63 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The purpose of this research project was to explore how information is collected and used in the battlefield and identify
areas of further research would help ease the burden of processing, managing and transmitting that information. The research
included surveys of the intelligence analysis process and an exploration of some of the sources of data produced and consumed
in the battlespace. The findings of this research led to the identification of several areas of research that could help warfighters
deal with the problems posed by the DoD’s rapidly growing mountain of unorganized and unprocessed data. The culmination
of the research is the development of the Integrity-Relevance-Classification Data Sharing Model and proposes areas for its
future analysis and implementation.
DTIC
Classifications; Data Management; Information Management; Information Systems; Pilotless Aircraft

Course Curriculum Development for the Future Cyberwarrior
Chacon, Mark A; Jun 2006; 40 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
On 7 December 2005, the Secretary of the Air Force (SECAF) changed the Air Force’s mission statement to include
operations in Cyberspace. The implication of this change is that the Air Force will need to educate, train, and equip its forces
to operate on this new battlefront. To this effect, IDE cyber warfare officers will need to understand the processes, technology,
and legal ramifications of operating in this new realm. The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is in a unique position
to modify and develop new curricula to support the SECAF’s strategic vision. Because of its warfighting focus, AFIT can
provide courses that optimally prepare future cyber warriors. This Graduate Research Project will focus on the demographics
and types of courses needed to make a well rounded ‘cyber trooper.’
DTIC
Armed Forces (United States); Education; Military Personnel; Personnel Development; Warfare
431
Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Behavior Influence Models
Puleo, Anthony J; Jun 2006; 121 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Insider threat is rapidly becoming the largest information security problem that organizations face. With large numbers
of personnel having access to internal systems, it is becoming increasingly difficult to protect organizations from malicious
insiders. The typical methods of mitigating insider threat are simply not working, primarily because this threat is a people
problem, and most mitigation strategies are geared towards profiling and anomaly detection, which are problematic at best.
As a result, a new type of model is proposed in this thesis, one that incorporates risk management with human behavioral
science. The new risk-based model focuses on observable influences that affect employees, and identifies employees with
increased risk of becoming malicious insiders. The model’s primary purpose is to differentiate malicious and non-malicious
employees. This research details the need for the model, the model’s components, and how it works. The model is tested using
an in-depth case study on Robert Hanssen, the FBI’s double agent who sold the Soviets secrets for more than 20 years.
Implemented with the right tool, the new model has great potential for use by security personnel in their efforts to mitigate
insider threat damage.
DTIC
Human Behavior; Organizations; Personnel; Risk; Security; Threat Evaluation
20060049279 BMT International, Inc., Columbia, MD USA

Information System Models -- As A Tool for Shipyard Planning and Control (The National Shipbuilding Research
Program)
Odabasi, A Y; Patterson, D R; Sep 1989; 22 pp.; In English
Information Systems; Management Information Systems; Marine Technology; Ships; Shipyards

Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in the USA
Briggs, Michael J; Borrero, Jose C; Synolakis, Costas E; Jan 2005; 15 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This paper presents an update of the Corps of Engineers tsunami disaster mitigation research in the USA. Because the
U.S. has not had any major tsunami disasters in many years, the Corps does not have a formal mission or policy for
incorporating tsunami runup considerations in the design wave height for coastal structures. In the 1990’s the Corps Coastal
and Hydraulics Laboratory did participate in substantial physical modeling of tsunami runup on beaches, vertical walls, and
islands, as part of the National Science Foundation’s Joint Tsunami Runup Study. These data have been extensively published
and used by the international tsunami community to provide a better understanding of the physical phenomena and verify
numerical models. The University of Southern California has recently been working with the Corps, and other federal and state
agencies in California to develop tsunami inundation maps based on farfield and local tectonic and landslide sources. An
example using the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in southern California is presented to illustrate the significance of
these local co-seismic sources.
DTIC
Disasters; Hazards; Tsunami Waves; United States

Headline Generation for Written and Broadcast News
Zajic, David; Dorr, Bonnie; Schwartz, Richard; Mar 2005; 23 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454198; LAMP-TR-120; CS-TR-4698; No Copyright; ONLINE:
This technical report is an overview of work done on Headline Generation for written and broadcast news. The report
432
covers HMM Hedge, a statistical approach based on the noisy channel model, Hedge Trimmer, a parse-and-trim approach
using linguistically motivated trimming rules, and Topiary, a combination of Trimmer and Unsupervised Topic Discovery.
Automatic evaluation of summaries using ROUGE and BLEU is described and used to evaluate the Headline Generation
systems.
DTIC
Broadcasting; Information Retrieval

Summary Report of Finding of the Decision Science Working Group (DSWG)
Dussault, Jerry; Carozzoni, Joseph A; Miller, Janet; Triscari, Jr , Thomas; Walker, Ellen; Weigand, Kirk A; Tadda, George;
Yaworsky, Paul S; Jun 2006; 63 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-558S
Report No.(s): AD-A454273; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2006-217; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454273;
A decision science working group (DSWG) was chartered by AFRL in 2002 to assess the state-of-the-art in the application
of decision support science and technology (S&T); and to recommend ways to infuse the latest technologies and
methodologies into the Air Force’s Information Systems S&T portfolio. This report presents a brief introduction to the field
of decision science as it relates to defense command and control (C2) systems and the motivations which led to the
establishment of the working group, the activities sponsored and undertaken by the DSWG are described, and the findings and
recommendations of the working group are summarized.
DTIC
Command and Control; Decision Making; Decision Support Systems; Decision Theory; Information Systems

NASA Scientific and Technical Information Standards
October 2006; 184 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): NASA/SP-2006-6114; L-19298; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049392; Avail.:
CASI: A09, Hardcopy
This document presents general recommended standards for documenting scientific and technical information (STI) from
a number of scientific and engineering disciplines. It is a companion publication to NASA SP-7084, ‘Grammar, Punctuation,
and Capitalization: A Handbook for Technical Writers and Editors,’ and is intended primarily for STI personnel and publishing
personnel within NASA and who support NASA STI publishing. Section 1 gives an overview of NASA STI publications.
Section 2 discusses figure preparation considerations. Section 3 covers table design, and Section 4 gives information about
symbols and math related to STI publishing. Section 5 covers units of measure. Section 6 discusses References, and Section
7 discusses electronic documents. Section 8 covers information related to the review of STI prior to publication; this covers
both technical and dissemination review and approval, including data quality. Section 9 discusses printing and dissemination
related to STI, and Section 10 gives abbreviations and acronyms used in the document.
Author
Documents; NASA Programs; Reports; Standards; Abbreviations; Handbooks
20060049409 TNO Telecom, Delft, Netherlands

Extension of ITU-T Recommendation P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Intelligibility with Vocoders
Beerends, John G; van Wijngaarden, Sander; van Buuren, Ronald; Apr 1, 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
Hardcopy
Coders; Cognition; Data Bases; Intelligibility; Measurement; Speech Recognition; Vocoders

System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study on Asset Management System
Chen, Peter; Dean, Marjon; Ojoko-Adams, Don; Osman, Hassan; Lopez, Lilian; Xie, Nick; Mead, Nancy R; Dec 2004;
433
This report exemplifies the application of the System Quality Requirements Engineering (SQUARE) methodology
developed by the Software Engineering Institute’s Networked Systems Survivability Program on an asset management
application. An overview of the SQUARE process and the vendor is presented, followed by a description of the application
under study. The nine-step process of requirements engineering is then explained, and feedback on its implementation is
provided. The report concludes with a synopsis of the findings and recommendations for future work. This report is one of
a series of reports resulting from research conducted by the SQUARE Team as part of an independent research and
development project of the Software Engineering Institute.
DTIC
Computer Programming; Management Systems; Requirements; Security; Software Engineering; Systems Engineering
20060049455 Office of the Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Washington, DC USA
Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter
Shaffer, Alan; Apr 3, 2006; 44 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
Presentation on Research and Engineering Information Available to the War Fighter. Topics include: Intellectual capital
balance-Globalization of science and technology; A quick look at disruptive technologies; How DTIC can help.
DTIC
Forecasting; Technology Assessment; Technology Transfer; Warfare
20060049462 Simulation Technology and Applied Research, Inc., Mequon, WI USA

Computer-Aided Design and Optimization of High-Performance Vacuum Electronic Devices
DeFord, J F; Held, B; Chemykova, L; Petillo, J; Aug 15, 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Report No.(s): AD-A454540; STAAR-06-SBIR-ONR-T2; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454540;
Initial development of the multi-directional search (MDS) and differential evolution (DE) optimization methods is now
complete, as is the initial user interface to these capabilities within the Analyst V8.1 software package that is presently in ‘beta’
form. The 8-processor Linux cluster purchased for the project has been used extensively during the past few months to test
the optimization system, and has shown excellent performance with floating point computation rates exceeding 4 GFLOPS on
some problems. The cluster has also recently been upgraded to 64GB of system memory, allowing solution of significantly
larger problems.
DTIC
Computer Aided Design; Design Optimization; Floating Point Arithmetic; Vacuum; Vacuum Apparatus
20060049473 Army Construction Engineering Research Lab., Champaign, IL USA

Proactive Options With Neighbors for Defense-Installation Sustainability
Report No.(s): AD-A454567; ERDC/CERL-TN-04-3; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454567;
Military installations and surrounding communities have historically functioned as independent entities with separate
schools, libraries, parks and transportation systems. This is partly due to the conscious placement of military installations far
from cities and towns because of installations’ need for vast tracks of land for training, airfields, and other specialized uses.
Development near and around military installations is occurring at a rapid rate. As a result, communities have a much greater
opportunity to share resources such as utilities, schools, and recreational facilities. However, land use conflicts between the
installations and surrounding communities are on the rise because urban development near and around military installations
can encroach upon the installation and disrupt its functions and training capabilities. Nearby communities often express
concerns about safety, noise, night training, flight zones and other military activities that affect them. Installation and
community planners commonly have a difficult time finding what others have done in response to the problems created by
incompatible land use. Regional issues such as quality and availability of water, air quality, and management of habitat for
434
threatened and endangered species can affect the long-term sustainability of both the installation and surrounding
communities.
DTIC
Installing; Land Use

Customized Information Extraction as a Basis for Resource Discovery
Hardy, Darren R; Schwartz, Michael F; Mar 1994; 25 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): DABT63-93-C-0052; NSF-NCR91-05372
Indexing file contents is a powerful means of helping users locate documents, software, and other types of data among
large repositories. In environments that contain many different types of data, content indexing requires type-specific
processing to extract information effectively. In this paper we present a model for type- specific, user-customizable
information extraction, and a system implementation called Essence. This software structure allows users to associate
specialized extraction methods with ordinary flies, providing the illusion of an object-oriented file system that encapsulates
specialized indexing methods within files. By exploiting semantics of common file types, Essence generates compact yet
representative file summaries that can be used to improve both browsing and indexing in resource discovery systems. Essence
can extract information from most of the types of files found in common file systems, including files with nested structure
(such as compressed ‘tar’ files). Essence interoperates with the Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS) system, allowing WAIS
users to take advantage of the Essence information extraction methods.
DTIC
Computer Techniques; Extraction; Information Retrieval
20060049656 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USA

Computing Trust from Revision History
Zeng, Honglei; Alhossaini, Maher A; Ding, Li; Fikes, Richard; McGuinness, Deborah L; Jan 2006; 9 pp.; In English; Original
Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-05-1-0019; 2003-H278-000-000
A new model of distributed, collaborative information evolution is emerging. As exemplified in Wikipedia, online
collaborative information repositories are being generated, updated, and maintained by a large and diverse community of
users. Issues concerning trust arise when content is generated and updated by diverse populations. Since these information
repositories are constantly under revision, trust determination is not simply a static process. In this paper, we explore ways
of utilizing the revision history of an article to assess the trustworthiness of the article. We then present an experiment where
we used this revision history-based trust model to assess the trustworthiness of a chain of successive versions of articles in
Wikipedia and evaluated the assessments produced by the model.
DTIC
Bayes Theorem; Computation; Information Systems; Models; Reliability
20060049661 Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA USA

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Survey of Air and Water Quality Pollution Prevention and Control
Technology Used in Shipyards and Similar Industries
Jan 9, 1998; 178 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454721; NSRP-0502; N1-96-4; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A09, Hardcopy
The objective of this project was to perform a survey of U.S. shipyards and similar industries to determine what
technologies are currently being implemented or planned to prevent or reduce air emissions and wastewater discharges from
facility operations. The next objective was to develop a guide that shipyard environmental managers could use to perform a
preliminary evaluation of technologies that may have application in their facilities. This document covers pollution prevention
and control technologies for surface preparation, surface coating, cleaning operations, welding, and wastewater treatment. The
information included in this report is summarized below: (1) summaries of pollution prevention and control technologies
which include advantages, disadvantages, pollution prevention benefits, contact points, vendor information, and locations to
obtain more technical information including case studies for industrial application and economic evaluations comparing the
technology to less environmentally friendly alternatives, (2) locations to order or download (from the Internet) technical
435
papers and summaries on pollution prevention technologies, on-going technology projects, and regulations, and (3) results of
the shipyard surveys which include an overview of the technologies that are currently being implemented in shipyard
operations and recommendations for technologies currently being implemented. The information provided for each technology
is based on the author’s interpretation of available literature and vendor information. This document does not intend to
recommend one technology over another for a given application, but instead to provide a basis for comparable evaluations of
technologies. It is left to the shipyard environmental manager to evaluate the available pollution prevention and/or pollution
control technologies and determine which technologies best meets their needs.
DTIC
Air Pollution; Control Equipment; Industries; Marine Technology; Pollution Control; Quality Control; Resources; Ships;
Shipyards; Surveys; Waste Water; Water Pollution; Water Quality

Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian Causal Structures Discovery
Muslea, Ion; Lee, Thomas J; Jan 2005; 7 pp.; In English
We introduce a novel algorithm, TOQR, for relaxing failed queries over databases; i.e., over-constrained DNF queries that
return an empty result. TOQR uses a small dataset to discover the implicit relationships among the domain attributes, and then
it exploits this domain knowledge to relax the failed query. TOQR starts with a relaxed query that does not include any
constraint, and it tries to add to it as many as possible of the original constraints or their relaxations. The order in which the
constraints are added is derived from the domain’s causal structure, which is learned by applying the TAN algorithm to the
small training dataset. Our experiments show that TOQR clearly outperforms other approaches: even when trained on a
handful of examples, it successfully relaxes more that 97% of the failed queries; furthermore, TOQR’s relaxed queries are
highly similar to the original failed query.
DTIC
Algorithms; Bayes Theorem; Queueing Theory

Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Military Domains
Stottler, Dick; Fu, Daniel; Ramachandran, Sowmya; Jackson, Terresa; Jan 2006; 13 pp.; In English; Original contains color
illustrations
This paper describes our experience in applying a generic Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) authoring tool to specific
training applications. The Internet ITS Authoring Tool (IITSAT) was developed to greatly decrease the time to develop tactical
decision-making ITSs and was based on the experience from several previous ITS projects. IITSAT allows ITS authors to
organize course principles, articulate teaching methods, specify courseware, and develop a case base of scenarios for students
along with a specification of how the student’s actions will be evaluated and his mastery of the required knowledge assessed.
Every scenario defined in IITSAT must have an existing simulation. Evaluation of the correctness of actions and inference of
the student’s knowledge may be performed by external code, or with libraries supplied with IITSAT. They support both the
use of finite state machines (FSMs) to evaluate a student’s actions in a free play simulation, or comparison to correct and likely
incorrect solutions for each scenario. There are several different instructional methods to choose from including who should
control the sequence of instructional events - the student, the author, or the ITS and what that sequence should be. The
FBCB2/Tactical Decision-Making ITS prototype teaches armor company commanders by presenting course material and
examples, then testing the commander in tactical situations displayed as FBCB2 overlays or in a commercial tank simulator
interfaced to the actual FBCB2 software and the ITS. By using IITSAT this ITS was developed in a small fraction of the time
normally required. The FSMs successfully evaluated the student’s actions in the free play simulation. IISAT’s comparison
libraries successfully evaluated a student’s battle plan with the addition of domain-specific code. IITSAT’s ITS engine could
usually be specified to make appropriate instructional decisions.
DTIC
Decision Making; Domains; Education; Military Operations; Strategy
436
20060049701 Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA USA
Combining Evidence from Homologous Datasets
Feng, Ao; Allan, James; Aug 2006; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-06-C-0023
With Machine Translation and/or Automatic Speech Recognition, there can be different versions of the same data with
distinct expressions. We argue that combining evidence from these ‘homologous’ datasets can give us better representation of
the original data, and our experiments show that a model combining all sources outperforms each individual dataset in
retrieval.
DTIC
Information Retrieval; Machine Translation; Quality

Evaluating the Quality of Query Refinement Suggestions in Information Retrieval
Nallapati, Ramesh; Shah, Chirag; Jan 2006; 8 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): HR0011-06-C-0023; IIS-0527159
Automatic suggestion of alternative terms to refine a user’s query is an effective technique to help the user quickly narrow
down to his(her) specific information need. However, evaluating the effectiveness of these suggestions has remained quite
subjective, with a vast majority of the past work relying on expensive user studies. In this work, we look at this problem from
the IR perspective. We propose two objective measures that evaluate the quality of Query Refinement (QR) suggestions, based
on the degree to which the documents retrieved by the QR suggestions, when used as queries, capture the overall sub-topical
structure underlying the topic of the original query. The first measure, known as Maximum Matching Averaged Mean Average
Precision (MM-AMAP) requires labeled documents for the sub-topics underlying the query’s topic. The second measure
which we call Distinctness and MAP based F1 (DMAP-F1) requires only labeled documents that are relevant to the original
query. We also define a series of simple QR suggestion techniques, each of which is intuitively better than the previous ones
and evaluate them using our measures on TDT3 and TDT4 corpora. Our experiments show that our evaluation metrics
numerically capture our intuitive expectations on performance, thus informally validating our measures. Further, we also show
that the second metric DMAP-F1, that does not require sub-topic judgments, is consistent in results as well as statistically
highly correlated with the first metric. This allows us to perform extensive evaluations of the quality of QR suggestion
techniques on standard TREC collections in the future.
DTIC
Information Retrieval; Precision; Quality

Sentence Level Information Patterns for Novelty Detection
Li, Xiaoyan; Jul 2006; 157 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): N66001-99-1-8912; N66001-1-8903
The detection of new information in a document stream is an important component of many potential applications. In this
thesis, a new novelty detection approach based on the identification of sentence level information patterns is proposed. Given
a user’s information need, some information patterns in sentences such as combinations of query words, sentence lengths,
named entities and phrases, and other sentence patterns, may contain more important and relevant information than single
words. The work of the thesis includes three parts. First, we redefine ‘what is novelty detection’ in the light of the proposed
information patterns. Examples of several different types of information patterns are given corresponding to different types of
user’s information need. Second, we analyze why the proposed information pattern concept has a significant impact in novelty
detection. A thorough analysis of sentence level information patterns is elaborated on data from the TREC novelty tracks,
including sentence lengths, named entities (NEs), and sentence level opinion patterns. Finally, we present how we perform
novelty detection based on information patterns, which focuses on the identification of previously unseen query-related
patterns in sentences. A unified pattern-based approach is presented to novelty detection for both specific NE topics and more
general topics. Experiments on novelty detection were carried out on data from the TREC 2002, 2003 and 2004 novelty tracks.
Experimental results show that the proposed approach significantly improves the performance of novelty detection for both
437
specific and general topics, therefore the overall performance for all topics, in terms of precision at top ranks. Future research
directions are suggested.
DTIC
Information Retrieval; Linguistics; Natural Language Processing; Sentences

Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Classification
Learned, Rachel E; Karl, William C; Willsky, Alan S; Jan 2006; 5 pp.; In English
Contract(s)/Grant(s): AFOSR-92-J-0002; DAAL03-02-G-0115
Non-stationary signals are not well suited for detection and classification by traditional Fourier methods. An alternate
means of analysis needs to be employed so that valuable time-frequency information is not lost. The wavelet packet transform
is one such time-frequency analysis tool. This paper summarizes which examine the feasibility of applying the wavelet packet
transform to automatic transient signal classification through the development of a classification algorithm for biologically
generated underwater acoustic signals in ocean noise. The formulation of a wavelet packet based feature set specific to the
classification of snapping shrimp and whale clicks is given.
DTIC
Classifications; Signal Processing; Wavelet Analysis

DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Database Server for High-Assurance Time-Critical Applications
Son, Sang H; Beckinger, Robert C; Baker, David A; Jan 1997; 7 pp.; In English
Many real-time database systems are now being used in safety-critical applications, in which human lives or expensive
machinery may be at stake. Transactions in real-time databases should be scheduled considering both data consistency and
timing constraints. In addition, a real-time database must adapt to changes in the operating environment and guarantee the
completion of critical tasks. The effects of scheduling decisions and concurrency control mechanisms for real-time database
systems have typically been demonstrated in a simulated environment. In this paper we present a functional real-time database
server; called DRDB, which provides an operational platform for research in distributed real-time database issues.
DTIC
Data Bases; Real Time Operation; Time Dependence

Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Use among Elite U.S. Army Soldiers
Bovill, Maria E; Tharion, William J; Lieberman, Harris R; Dec 2003; 5 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): AD-A454950; M02-59; No Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
A U.S. Army Special Forces (SF) unit was studied to determine the characteristics of those who were dietary supplement
users, assess their nutrition knowledge, and identify the nutrition information sources they use. SF-qualified (n=119) and
non-SF, support soldiers (n=38) participated in the study. Results show that most soldiers (87%) reported current supplement
use with more SF (90%) than non-SF, support soldiers (76%) using supplements (p \h/= 0.05). Supplements that SF soldiers
reported using most were multivitamins, sports bars or sports drinks, and vitamin C. The mean nutrition knowledge score for
all soldiers was 48.5 +/- 15.2% correct responses. Most soldiers incorrectly believe that protein is used for short-term athletic
events (64%) and that vitamins provide energy (58%). The most common information sources reportedly used were popular
magazines and books (75%), friends and team mates (55%), physicians and nurses (34%), radio and television (34%), and the
internet (31%)
DTIC
Augmentation; Diets; Military Personnel; Nutrition
20060050012 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., Seattle, WA USA

Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensitive Information through Bottleneck Monitoring
Goan, Terrance; Broadhead, Matthew; Jan 2005; 7 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NBCHC-03-0077
438
The insider threat has proved a tough nut to crack. Previous work in this area has been dominated by efforts to model
normal user behavior through statistical measures and then detect substantial anomalies. Unfortunately, while these methods
have shown some ability in the detection of masqueraders, broader applications have proved ineffectual due to extremely high
false alarm rates. In this paper, the authors describe an alternative approach, Stochastic Long-String Analysis with Feedback
(SL-SAFE), that can achieve high levels of accuracy in detecting the unauthorized access and distribution of sensitive/
proprietary information by insiders -- the single most costly type of computer crime. SL-SAFE succeeds in this task by means
of a stochastic sampling of bottlenecks through which information must flow to be useful to the malicious insider. Further, it
achieves a low (and shrinking) false alarm rate by validating its suspicions through public information sources and eliciting
feedback from the information owner.
DTIC
Access Control; Detection; Expert Systems; Information Management; Numerical Control; Organizations; Security;
Sensitivity

Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Carolina
Morang, Andrew; Resio, Donald T; Aug 2006; 60 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
The purpose of this study was to evaluate conventional (port) and nonconventional offload sites for the Joint High Speed
Vessel (JHSV) in coastal North Carolina, and compare the potential throughput rates at these sites to throughput rates typical
of Joint Logistics over the Shore (JLOTS) operations conducted in exercises in Camp Lejeune. North Carolina was selected
as a test site both due to its proximity to Camp Lejeune and also because of its environmental (geomorphic) similarity to many
coastal regions in Asia. Another goal was to evaluate the quality and appropriateness of maps, bathymetry data, and aerial
photography from various sources to conduct offload alternatives studies with the intent of eventually applying these
techniques to other (overseas) sites. The analysis of offload sites demonstrated that the total length of shoreline suitable for
the JHSV to unload in North Carolina was surprisingly limited. In the Cape Fear River estuary, the total length accessible
either directly or via 180-m causeway was 27.9 km; in Morehead City/Beaufort area, 5.4 km; and in Masonboro Inlet, 1.0 km.
The reasons for the limited access are both geological and developmental. On this low-gradient, soft sediment, trailing edge
coast, only these three inlets are dredged deep enough to accommodate the JHSV, which requires a channel of 4.6 m. Once
within the inlets, the only water deep enough for the JHSV is in the dredged navigation channels and some naturally-deep areas
near the mouth of the Cape Fear River. Finally, offload sites must be within a suitable distance from paved roads or railroads
(in this analysis, 150 m), and these sites, too, proved to be unexpectedly limited. Despite the flexibility of the JHSV, planners
considering operations in lesser developed parts of the world will have to contend with even more limited infrastructure, along
with geological and oceanographic constraints.
DTIC
Coasts; Geographic Information Systems; North Carolina
20060050158 Naval Command, Control and Ocean Surveillance Center, San Diego, CA USA
NRaD Writing and Editorial Guidelines. Revision 1
Report No.(s): AD-A454232; NRAD-TD-1064; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/100.2/ADA454232; Avail.:
CASI: A05, Hardcopy
This document contains general and detailed writing guidelines. The general guidelines are included for engineers,
scientists, technicians, and administrators who must write as an adjunct to their main tasks. The detailed guidelines are
intended to help writers and editors consistently use good writing practices; however, everyone is encouraged to use these
detailed guidelines to help prepare their project reports and associated documentation. Please keep in mind that these writing
guidelines must be applied with a certain degree of flexibility. Exceptions will often occur, and ample room is left for
individual initiative and discretion.
DTIC
Technical Writing; Education
439
Information Sharing for Homeland Security: A Brief Overview
Relyea, Harold C; Seifert, Jeffrey W; Jan 10, 2005; 39 pp.; In English
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
In the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, various recommendations and efforts
have been made with the intention of improving information sharing among government entities at all levels within the USA,
the private sector, and certain foreign governments, with a view to countering terrorists and strengthening homeland security.
The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the USA (9/11 Commission) was among those to have most recently
offered recommendations in this regard in its July 22, 2004, report. The types of information potentially within the scope of
such sharing include raw data, which has undergone little or no assessment regarding its accuracy or implications; knowledge,
which has been determined to have a high degree of reliability or validity; and intelligence, which has been carefully evaluated
concerning its accuracy and significance, and may sometimes be credited in terms of its source. This report reviews some of
the principal existing homeland security information sharing arrangements, as well as some projected arrangements in this
regard, and discusses related policy, evaluations, and proposed legislation. It will be updated as events warrant.
DTIC
Security; Information Dissemination
20060050178 California Univ., Davis, CA, USA, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA
HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices
Gosink, L.; Shalf, J.; Stockinger, K.; Wu, K.; Bethel, W.; January 2006; 14 pp.; In English
In this paper we present a novel approach called HDF5-FastQuery to accelerate the data access of large HDF5 files by
introducing multi-dimensional semantic indexing. Our implementation leverages an efficient indexing technology called
bitmap indexing that has been widely used in the database community. Bitmap indices are especially well suited for interactive
exploration of large-scale read-only data. Storing the bitmap indices into the HDF5 file has the following advantages: (a)
significant performance speedup of accessing subsets of multi-dimensional data and (b) portability of the indices across
multiple computer platforms.
NTIS
Data Base Management Systems; Data Structures; Information Retrieval; Query Languages
20060050180 California Univ., Davis, CA, USA, California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley National Lab., Berkeley, CA, USA
HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Bitmap Indices
Gosink, L.; Shalf, J.; Stockingetr, K.; Wu, K.; Bethel, W.; January 2006; 8 pp.; In English
Efficient analysis of large scientific datasets often requires a means to rapidly search and interesting portions of data based
on ad-hoc search criteria. The author presents his work on integrating an efficient searching technology named FastBit with
HDF5.
NTIS
Data Base Management Systems; Information Retrieval; Data Retrieval; Searching

The Dynamics of Information Fusion: Synthetic Versus Misassociation
Kessel, Ronald T; Aug 2006; 10 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Multisensor Fusion; Information Theory
440
20060050230 Manchester Informatics Ltd, UK
Efficient Reasoning with Large Knowledge Bases
Voronkov, Andrei; Jul 13, 2005; 4 pp.; In English
Hardcopy
This report results from a contract tasking Manchester Informatics Ltd as follows: The grantee will investigate relevance
determination for reasoning on systems that contain more than 100,000 first-order axioms. Relevance determination refers to
techniques for examining very large knowledge bases to distinguish between relevant, possibly relevant, and not relevant
information. The best existing approaches (from other researchers) are unable to cope with knowledge bases of 10,000 axioms.
He will investigate these techniques in two phases. First, at six-months he will deliver an extension to his existing system,
Vampire, capable of resolving queries within seconds on knowledge bases over 30,000 axioms. By the conclusion of the
research, he will improve his relevance filtering techniques to enable Vampire to reason on knowledge bases with over 100,000
axioms within seconds. Complete details described in the attached technical proposal. We tested the new strategy again to find
out inconsistencies in SUMO 1.72 with row variables expanded to sequences of the length 50 (that is, a knowledge base with
about 30,000 first-order axioms). When we used the negation of an axiom causing inconsistency as the query, inconsistency
was always proved in less than one second. We believe query answering can be done much faster in less than 0.1 second. Our
experiments discovered the following problem. When a knowledge base contains many similar atoms (e.g., ground facts with
the instance predicate) just passing the knowledge base to Vampire’s kernel may take over a second. After profiling, we have
found out that the time is essentially spent not on query answering at all but on building some indexes. Indexes in Vampire
were not designed with the aim of handling large signatures and should be reimplemented for experiments with anthologies.
Moreover, we think that indexes should be pre-compiled rather than built by the kernel. However, this is a subject for a future
research.
DTIC
Information Retrieval; Knowledge Bases (Artificial Intelligence)
85
TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION AND SURFACE TRANSPORTATION

Critical Technology Events in the Development of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Systems: Project Hindsight Revisited
Lyons, John W; Long, Duncan; Chait, Richard; Jul 2006; 39 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Hardcopy
This paper seeks to identify the Critical Technology Events (CTEs) in the development of the Stinger and the Javelin
missiles. CTEs are ideas, concepts, models, and analyses, including key technical and managerial decisions, that have had
major impacts on the development of a specific weapons system. It is the third paper in a series that examines key factors that
have led to meaningful technology generation and ultimate incorporation into current U.S. Army weapons systems. The first
papers in the series focused on the Abrams tank and the Apache helicopter. This paper turns to two technologically advanced
infantry weapons: the Stinger and the Javelin. These armaments have different roles in the arsenal, but they are both
man-portable, fire-and-forget missiles whose development posed some unique challenges. A fourth and final paper in the series
will summarize the findings of these three reports and offer recommendations for managing the Army’s Science & Technology
portfolio. The authors begin their study of the development of these two missile systems by briefly reviewing a project that
served as a source of inspiration for these efforts: Project Hindsight, a 1969 Defense Department (DoD) report. Hindsight was
an in-depth study sponsored by the Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E) that provided some insights into
the development of approximately 20 weapons systems. This review of Hindsight is followed by a description of the
methodology that they used to gather key data on the development of the Stinger and the Javelin. Then, for each missile, they
first present a brief description of the system and history of the program. The information that they have gathered is then
broken out by major technical development areas (i.e., seeker, guidance/control, propulsion/warhead) and presented in terms
of CTEs. The final portion of the paper presents findings and concluding remarks that draw on the CTEs in the development
of both missiles.
DTIC
Antiaircraft Missiles; Antitank Missiles; Fires; Military Technology; Missiles; Project Management; Weapon Systems
441
88
SPACE SCIENCES (GENERAL)
Includes general research topics related to the natural space sciences. For specific topics in space sciences see categories 89
through 93.
20060047813 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN, USA

The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the HST/STIS
Martin, John C.; Davidson, Kris; The 2005 HST Calibration Workshop Hubble After the Transition to Two-Gyro Mode; March
2006, pp. 255-259; In English; See also 20060047796; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): GO-9420; GO-9973; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy; Available from CASI on CD-ROM
The HST Eta Carinae Treasury Project made extensive use of the HST/STIS from 1998 to the time of its failure in 2004.
As one of the most prolific users of that instrument, the Treasury Project used the cross-dispersed spatial resolution of the STIS
as few projects did. We present several enhancements to the existing STIS data reduction methods that are applicable to
non-Treasury Project data in the STIS archive.
Author
Hubble Space Telescope; Variable Stars; Spaceborne Telescopes; Imaging Techniques; Spectrographs

The Exploration Water Recovery System
ORourke, Mary Jane E.; Carter, Layne; Holder, Donald W.; Tomes, Kristin M.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; 36th International
Conference on Environmental Systems, 17-20 Jul. 2006, Norfolk, VA, USA; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract
Only
The Exploration Water Recovery System is designed towards fulfillment of NASA s Vision for Space Exploration, which
will require elevation of existing technologies to higher levels of optimization. This new system, designed for application to
the Exploration infrastructure, presents a novel combination of proven air and water purification technologies. The integration
of unit operations is modified from that of the current state-of-the-art water recovery system so as to optimize treatment of
the various waste water streams, contaminant loads, and flow rates. Optimization is achieved primarily through the removal
of volatile organic contaminants from the vapor phase prior to their absorption into the liquid phase. In the current
state-of-the-art system, the water vapor in the cabin atmosphere is condensed, and the volatile organic contaminants present
in that atmosphere are absorbed into the aqueous phase. Removal of contaminants the5 occurs via catalytic oxidation in the
liquid phase. Oxidation kinetics, however, dictate that removal of volatile organic contaminants from the vapor phase can
inherently be more efficient than their removal from the aqueous phase. Taking advantage of this efficiency reduces the
complexity of the water recovery system. This reduction in system complexity is accompanied by reductions in the weight,
volume, power, and resupply requirements of the system. Vapor compression distillation technology is used to treat the urine,
condensate, and hygiene waste streams. This contributes to the reduction in resupply, as incorporation of vapor compression
distillation technology at this point in the process reduces reliance on the expendable ion exchange and adsorption media used
in the current state-of-the-art water recovery system. Other proven technologies that are incorporated into the Exploration
Water Recovery System include the Trace Contaminant Control System and the Volatile Removal Assembly.
Author
Water Reclamation; Water Vapor; Cabin Atmospheres; Liquid Phases; Vapor Phases; Flow Velocity; Reaction Kinetics; Space
Exploration
20060048518 DEIMOS Engenharia, Lisbon, Portugal

Design and Implementation of Optimal Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Separated Space Interferometry
Penin, Luis F.; Araujo, Joao; Avila, Nuno; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions
and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color illustrations;
Separated Space Interferometers require performing different type of maneuvers during their lifetime: resizing, rotating
and slewing. They shall be conducted within a given period while maintaining a constrained formation. Moreover, the
maneuvers and their implementation must be designed considering fuel expenditure optimization at formation level and its
balancing between the different satellites. This paper first presents the generic concept of an FF centralized architecture. Within
this architecture a set of algorithms for centralized optimal formation planning and coordination are designed. They consider
operational constraints (i.e. relative navigation) and are valid upon real mission conditions (i.e. perturbations and inter-satellite
442
link) and suitable for on-board implementation. They have been tuned, validated and benchmarked on a detailed Formation
Flying Functional Simulator customized for the Formation Reconfiguration Mode of the ESA s Darwin mission, consisting
on a formation of 7 satellites around L2
Author
Formation Flying; Maneuvers; Interferometry; Coordination; Rotation; Navigation; Perturbation
20060048524 EADS Astrium Ltd., Toulouse, France

GNC System for the Deployment and Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Interferometer
Boulade, S.; Davidson, M.; Ankersen, F.; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions
and Technologies; September 2004; 12 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains color and black and white
document
ESA’s DARWIN Mission is to accomplish the unprecedented challenge of finding Earth-like planets orbiting nearby stars.
To tell apart the planet from its blinding sun, the system relies upon nulling interferometry: the light collected by six free-flying
telescopes is recombined inside a central hub, in a way that the beams from the star are nulled, while those from the planet
interfere constructively. The diameter (50 to 500 m) of the free-flying interferometer is determined by the need for angular
resolution. In contrast, the differences in optical pathlength between the incoming beams must be kept below 5 nm. The article
provides highlights on the results of the ongoing ICD and ICC studies for ESA. Reference GNC architectures are presented
for the Deployment phase of the constellation and for the Fine Control of the interferometer in science mode.
Author
Angular Resolution; Interferometers; Earth Orbits; Planets; Sun
20060048525 College of France, France

PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Concept and its Applications at Different Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Km)
Labeyrie, Antoine; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and Technologies;
September 2004; 46 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy; Available from
Conclusions and future work include: a) Large gains in observing power possible by applying formation flight techniques
to hypertelescopes; b) Snapshot images with milli- , micro- and nano-arc-second resolution obtainable in principle; c) A
long-term goal : bubble arrays, static with moving focal free-flyers; d) Compact solar sails of interest for nearly static
elements; e) More agile free-flyers needed for focal optics; and f). Early testing desirable with low-cost arrays
Derived from text
Solar Sails; Interferometers; Mirrors; Imaging Techniques; Telescopes
20060048532 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany

Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Control for Satellite Formations
Arbinger, Christian; DAmico, Simone; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions and
The growing interest in earth observation missions equipped with space-borne optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR)
sensors drives the accuracy requirements with respect to orbit determination and control. Especially SAR interferometry with
its capability to resolve the velocity of on-ground objects (e.g. for traffic monitoring, ocean currents and glacier monitoring)
and to determine highly precise digital elevation models is of significant interest for scientific applications. These goals may
be achieved using along-track and repeat-pass interferometry with a satellite formation, based on the precise orbit control of
one satellite with respect to the osculating trajectory of the second satellite. Such a control concept will be realized by the
German TerraSAR-X mission, with an expected launch in 2006, using a virtual formation, where a single satellite will be
controlled in a tight manner with respect to a predefined osculating reference trajectory. This is very challenging, since
common orbit disturbances, like for close twin formations, do not cancel out in this scenario. The predefined trajectory in the
TerraSAR-X case could also be the orbit of a second satellite. The paper describes the generation of such a virtual reference
orbit, discusses the ground-in-the-loop control concept and presents results from a long-term simulation.
Author
Synthetic Aperture Radar; Interferometry; Natural Satellites; Earth Observations (From Space); Accuracy; Trajectories;
Orbit Determination
443
20060048550 North Dakota Univ., Grand Forks, ND, USA
Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft Formations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Libration Points
McLaughlin, Craig A.; Catlin, Kathryn; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on Formation Flying Missions
and Technologies; September 2004; 18 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A03, Hardcopy;
The absolute and differential perturbations are examined for spacecraft formations near the Earth-Moon triangular
libration points. Numerical integration of the full equations of motion including all relevant perturbations is used as a truth
model. The relative effects of various perturbations are determined for a variety of spacecraft separations. Solar point mass
effects are by far the largest perturbation to the Earth-Moon three body dynamics. Solar radiation pressure and Earth oblateness
are the next largest perturbations.
Author
Perturbation; Numerical Integration; Equations of Motion; Libration
Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed
Wette, Matthew; Sohl, Garett; Scharf, Daniel; Benowitz, Edward; Proceedings from the 2nd International Symposium on
Formation Flying Missions and Technologies; September 2004; 10 pp.; In English; See also 20060048512; Original contains
parent document
Formation flying for spacecraft is a rapidly developing field that will enable a new era of space science. For one of its
missions, the Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) project has selected a formation flying interferometer design to detect earth-like
planets orbiting distant stars. In order to advance technology needed for the TPF formation flying interferometer, the TPF
project has been developing a distributed real-time testbed to demonstrate end-to-end operation of formation flying with
TPF-like functionality and precision. This is the Formation Algorithms and Simulation Testbed (FAST) . This FAST was
conceived to bring out issues in timing, data fusion, inter-spacecraft communication, inter-spacecraft sensing and system-wide
formation robustness. In this paper we describe the FAST and show results from a two-spacecraft formation scenario. The
two-spacecraft simulation is the first time that precision end-to-end formation flying operation has been demonstrated in a
distributed real-time simulation environment.
Author
Formation Flying; Algorithms; Terrestrial Planets; Earth Orbits; Interferometers; Multisensor Fusion; Real Time Operation;
Detection

Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guidebook
Allen, Carl; August 18, 2006; 19 pp.; In English; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049068;
In January 2006, the Stardust spacecraft returned the first in situ collection of samples from a comet, and the first samples
of contemporary interstellar dust. Stardust is the first US sample return mission from a planetary body since Apollo, and the
first ever from beyond the moon. This handbook is a basic reference source for allocation procedures and policies for Stardust
samples. These samples consist of particles and particle residues in aerogel collectors, in aluminum foil, and in spacecraft
components. Contamination control samples and unflown collection media are also available for allocation.
Derived from text
Cosmic Dust; Interstellar Matter; Samples; Comets; Laboratory Astrophysics; Laboratories; Research Facilities; Handbooks

Challenges of Human Space Flight
Davis, Jeffrey R.; Charles, John B.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; X-Prize Cup Competition, 20-21 Oct. 2006, Las Cruces,
Mexico; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The presentations will be given during the X-Prize symposium, exploring the multi-faceted dimensions of spaceflight
ranging from the technical developments necessary to achieve safe routine flight to and from and through space to the new
personal business opportunities and economic benefits that will open in space and here on Earth. The symposium will delve
into the technical, regulatory, market and financial needs and challenges that must be met in charting and executing the
incremental developments leading to Personal Spaceflight and the opening of a Place Called Space. The presentation covers
444
facets of human space flight including descriptions of life in space, the challenges of delivering medical care in space, and
the preparations needed for safe and productive human travel to the moon and Mars.
Author
Manned Space Flight; Moon; Mars (Planet); Aerospace Medicine
20060049142 NASA, Washington, DC, USA

Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing Mission
April 1994; 10 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): MOR-S-458-61-93-02; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049142; Avail.: CASI:
A02, Hardcopy
Space Shuttle mission STS-61 was the first of several planned servicing missions for HST, intended to periodically replace
failed components and upgrade scientific instruments with improved versions to keep the telescope viable and productive
throughout its planned 15-year lifetime. This First Servicing Mission was also intended to correct several design flaws that
were detected shortly after the launch of HST. There were three overall mission objectives for the STS-61 repair mission: 1)
To Restore the Planned Scientific Capabilities: One complexity of the First Servicing Mission was the necessity for adding
optical elements in the light path to correct the spherical aberration. These corrective optics were required to provide the
quantitative science capability to enable key scientific programs to be carried out as originally planned. The addition of the
COSTAR and the installation of WFPC2 both contributed to recovering these capabilities. 2) To Restore the Reliability of
Vehicle Systems: Failed or degraded components had depleted some of the original subsystem redundancy, which had to be
restored to allow continued science operations until the next servicing mission in 1997. Anomalous components that required
servicing included the solar arrays, gyroscope sensing units, gyroscope electronics, magnetometers, solar array drive
electronics, and electrical fuses. 3) To Validate the On-Orbit Servicing Concept for HST: Validation of the concept of on-orbit
servicing as the way to achieve HST’s full 15-year life was required to provide a foundation for future servicing missions.
Derived from text
Hubble Space Telescope; Electronic Control; Gyroscopes; Space Shuttle Missions; Solar Arrays; Magnetometers; Detection

Gyroscopic Control and Stabilization
Wang, Li-Sheng; Krishnaprasad, P S; Jan 1991; 59 pp.; In English
In this paper, the authors consider the geometry of gyroscopic systems with symmetry, starting from an intrinsic
Lagrangian viewpoint. They note that natural mechanical systems with exogenous forces can be transformed into gyroscopic
systems when the forces are determined by a suitable class of feedback laws. To assess the stability of relative equilibria in
the resultant feedback systems, they extend the energy-momentum block-diagonalization theorem of Simo, Lewis, Posbergh,
and Marsden to gyroscopic systems with symmetry. They illustrate the main ideas using the example of two coupled rigid
bodies with internal rotors. The energy-momentum method yields computationally tractable stability criteria in this and other
examples.
DTIC
Celestial Mechanics; Control Theory; Feedback; Feedback Control; Geometry; Gyroscopes; Nonlinear Systems; Symmetry

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorporating Lessons Learned from Other
Satellite Programs
NOAA is nearing the end of the preliminary design phase of its GOES-R system which was estimated to cost $6.2 billion
and scheduled to have the first satellite ready for launch in 2012. It expects to award a contract in August 2007 to develop
this system. However, according to program officials, NOAA s plans for the GOES-R procurement could change in the near
future. Recent analyses of the GOES-R program cost which in May 2006 the program office estimated could reach $11.4
billion have led the agency to consider reducing the scope of requirements for the satellite series. NOAA officials estimated
that a decision on the future scope and direction of the program could be made by the end of September 2006. NOAA has
taken steps to implement lessons learned from past satellite programs, but more remains to be done. Prior satellite programs
445
including a prior GOES series, a polar-orbiting environmental satellite series, and various military satellite programs often
experienced technical challenges, cost overruns, and schedule delays. Key lessons from these programs include the need to
(1) establish realistic cost and schedule estimates, (2) ensure sufficient technical readiness of the system s components prior
to key decisions, (3) provide sufficient management at government and contractor levels, and (4) perform adequate senior
executive oversight to ensure mission success. NOAA has established plans to address these lessons by conducting
independent cost estimates, performing preliminary studies of key technologies, placing resident government offices at key
contractor locations, and establishing a senior executive oversight committee. However, many steps remain to fully address
these lessons. Until it completes these activities, NOAA faces an increased risk that the GOES-R program will repeat the
increased cost, schedule delays, and performance shortfalls that have plagued past procurements.
Derived from text
Geosynchronous Orbits; Satellite Design; GOES Satellites; NOAA Satellites

Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insulation for the External Tank Return to Flight
Walker, James L.; Richter, Joel D.; [2006]; 7 pp.; In English; American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Joint
Propulsion Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2006, Sacramento, CA, USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright;
Nondestructive evaluation methods have been developed to identify defects in the foam thermal protection system (TPS)
of the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET). Terahertz imaging and backscatter radiography have been brought from prototype
lab systems to production hardened inspection tools in just a few years. These methods have been demonstrated to be capable
of detecting void type defects under many inches of foam which, if not repaired, could lead to detrimental foam loss. The
evolution of these methods from lab tools to implementation on the ET will be discussed.
Author
External Tanks; Foams; Insulation; Nondestructive Tests; Space Flight; Space Shuttles
89
ASTRONOMY
Includes observations of celestial bodies; astronomical instruments and techniques; radio, gamma-ray, x-ray, ultraviolet, and infrared
astronomy; and astrometry.

GLAST Tracker
May 2006; 10 pp.; In English
The Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Gamma-ray Large-Area Space Telescope (GLAST) is a pair-conversion
gamma-ray detector designed to explore the gamma-ray universe in the 20 MeV--300 GeV energy band. The Tracker
subsystem of the LAT will perform tracking of electron and positrons to determine the origin of the gamma-ray. The design
and performance of the GLAST LAT Tracker are described in this paper.
NTIS
Gamma Ray Telescopes; Gamma Rays; Spaceborne Telescopes; Telescopes

Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Observations by the Cassini Infrared Spectrometer
Abbas, M. M.; LeClair, A.; Flasar, F. M.; Kunde, V. G.; Conrath, B. J.; Coustenis, A.; Jennings, D. J.; Nixon, C. A.; Brasunas,
J.; Achterberg, R. K., et al.; January 2006; 1 pp.; In English; 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 16-23 Jul. 2006, Beijing,
China; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) aboard the Cassini spacecraft has been making observations during the
fly-bys of Titan since the Saturn-Orbit-Insertion in July 2004. The observations provide infrared them1 emission spectra of
Titan s atmosphere in three spectral channels covering the 10/cm to 1400/cm spectral region, with variable spectral resolutions
of 0.53/cm and 2.8/cm. The uniquely observed spectra exhibit rotational and vibrational-rotational spectral lines of the
molecular constituents of Titan s atmosphere that may be analyzed to retrieve information about the composition, thermal
structure, and physical and dynamical processes in the remotely sensed atmosphere. We present an analysis of Titan’s infrared
spectra observed during July 2004 (TO), December 2004 (Tb) and February 2005 (T3), for retrieval of the stratospheric
446
thermal structure, distribution of the hydrocarbons, nitriles, and oxygen bearing constituents, such as C2H2, C2H4, C2H6,
C3H8, HCN, HC3N, CO, and CO2 . Preliminary results on the distribution and opacity of haze in Titan s atmosphere are
discussed.
Author
Titan Atmosphere; Cassini Mission; Infrared Spectrometers; Infrared Spectra; Temperature Distribution; Spectrum Analysis;
Remote Sensing; Atmospheric Composition
20060048474 National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ, USA, National Solar Observatory, Tucson, AZ, USA
NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87
September 2006; 42 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Amongst other summaries of the National Optical Astronomy Observatory/Natonal Solar Observatory activities that are
summarized, the science highlights in this issue are: IRAC Shallow Survey of the NDWFS Bootes Field, Filling in the Gaps:
WIYN + Hydra Explores Changing Carbon Abundances in Globular Clusters, A 6100-Gauss Sunspot Emerges, and An Active
Chromosphere on a 55 Jupiter-Mass Object.
CASI
Solar Observatories; Astronomical Observatories; Periodicals; Telescopes

Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS)
January 1993; 21 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE:
The objective of the ORFEUS mission is to launch a deployable/retrievable astronomical platform and obtain ultraviolet
spectra for both astrophysically interesting sources and the intervening interstellar medium. Also, the IMAX cameras will
obtain footage of both the Shuttle and the ORFEUS-SPAS satellite during the deployment/retrieval operations phase of the
ORFEUS-SPAS mission.
Derived from text
Ultraviolet Spectra; Deployment; Astronomy; Interstellar Matter; Launching

SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detector
Reil, K.; Feb. 2006; 8 pp.; In English
The observed spectrum of ultra-high energy cosmic rays virtually guarantees the presence of ultra-high energy neutrinos
due to their interaction with the cosmic microwave background. Unlike cosmic rays, each of these neutrinos will point back
directly to its source and will arrive at the Earth unattenuated, from sources perhaps as distant as z = 20. The neutrino
telescopes currently under construction, should discover a handful of these events, probably too few for detailed study. This
paper describes how an array of VHF and UHF antennas embedded in a large salt dome, SalSA (Salt dome Shower Array)
promises to yield a teraton detector (\g 500 km(sup 3 sr)) for contained neutrino events with energies above 10(sup 17) eV.
The simulations show that such detector may observe several hundreds of these neutrinos over its lifetime with excellent
angular resolution providing source locations.
NTIS
Neutrinos; Cosmic Rays; Interstellar Radiation; Relic Radiation
90
ASTROPHYSICS
Includes cosmology; celestial mechanics; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gases and dust.
20060048918 Northeast Radio Observatory Corp., Westford, MA USA

Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Observation and Space Weather
Salah, Joseph E; Oberoi, Divya; Lonsdale, Colin J; Cappallo, Roger C; Feb 15, 2006; 14 pp.; In English; Original contains
color illustrations
447
The purpose of the study was to investigate developments that would enhance the capabilities of the Mileura Widefield
Array-Low Frequency Demonstrator (MWA-LFD) for solar and space weather measurements. Enhancement of the angular
resolution of the MWA-LFD to observe Type II Solar Radio Bursts was determined to be the best option, and can be
accomplished by increasing the physical diameter of the array by a factor of -3. Key elements of the augmentation involve
addition of 16 antenna clusters in two semi-circular rings of 3 and 4.5 km diameter, and expansion of the array correlator to
accommodate the reduced from 3.4 to 1.13 arc minutes, and the collecting area is increased by 12%. The addition of GPS
receivers is also recommended to provide calibration of the Earth’s ionosphere for heliospheric Faraday rotation
measurements. Results from the early deployment of three antenna tiles at the Mileura station in West Australia are presented
giving early indication of the excellence of the site environment and the capability of the instrument for solar observations.
DTIC
Antenna Arrays; Augmentation; Solar Radio Bursts; Space Weather
20060048952 CSA Engineering, Inc., Palo Alto, CA USA

Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environment for Dynamic Testing of Structures
Kienholz, David A; Oct 1996; 11 pp.; In English; Original contains color illustrations
Simulation of unconstrained (free-free) boundary conditions is a longstanding problem in ground vibration testing of
spacecraft. The test article weight must be supported without introducing constraining forces due to stiffness, inertia, or friction
from the suspension system. High-fidelity simulation of the space environment requires that such constraint forces be kept
small compared to forces inherent in the experiment. A multipoint, six degree of freedom suspension system for dynamic
testing is described. Intended primarily for highly flexible space structures, it uses a combination of passive pneumatic and
active electromagnetic subsystems. The suspension offers a wide payload range, near-zero stiffness, zero static deflection,
small added mass, and zero friction. The electromagnetic system can also provide active cancellation of added mass, accurate
ride-height control, and integrated disturbance input. Several versions of the system are described, aimed at test articles
ranging from very flexible solar arrays to a 7000-lb simulated optical truss. The concept and hardware are described, test
results are given, and applications experience from several industry, government, and university installations is discussed.
DTIC
Dynamic Tests; Simulation; Stiffness; Vibration; Weightlessness

Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT)
April 1990; 54 pp.; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Report No.(s): MOR-E-876-90-03; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060049145; Avail.: CASI: A04,
Hardcopy
The Objectives of NASA’s participation in the ROSAT mission are to: a) measure the spatial, spectral, and temporal
characteristics of discrete cosmic sources including normal stars, collapsed stellar objects, and active galactic nuclei; b)
perform spectroscopic mapping of extended X-ray sources including supernova remnants, galaxies, and clusters of galaxies;
and c) conduct the above observations of cosmic sources with unprecedented sensitivity and spatial resolution over the 0.1 -
2.0 keV energy band.
Derived from text
Rosat Mission; Active Galactic Nuclei; X Ray Sources; Supernova Remnants; Galactic Clusters; Gravitational Collapse
20060049185 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA
Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular
Clouds
Mac Low, M.; Toraskar, J.; Oishi, J.S.; May 2006; 40 pp.; In English
Gravitational Collapse; H II Regions; Massive Stars; Molecular Clouds; Turbulence
448
Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet with the Spitzer Space Telescope
Uchiyama, Y.; Urry, C. M.; Cheung, C. C.; Jester, S.; Van Duyne, J.; May 2006; 16 pp.; In English
Galaxies; Space Infrared Telescope Facility; X Rays

Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Interaction in Astronomical
Environment
Kamaepakov, T.; Karlsson, N.; Mizuno, T.; Abe, T.; Koi, T.; May 2006; 44 pp.; In English
Astrophysics; Neutrinos; Protons; Cosmic Rays; Interstellar Matter
20060049316 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA, USA, California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA, USA,
California Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Relation at Z = 0.36
Woo, J. H.; Treu, T.; Malkan, M. A.; Blandford, R. D.; January 2006; 36 pp.; In English
The authors test the evolution of the correlation between black hole mass and bulge velocity dispersion (M(sub BH) -
(sigma)), using a carefully selected sample of 14 Seyfert 1 galaxies at z = 0.36 (+-) 0.01. They measure velocity dispersion
from stellar absorption lines around Mgb (5175 (angstrom)) and Fe (5270 (angstrom)) using high S/N Keck spectra, and
estimate black hole mass from the H(beta) line width abd the optical luminosity at 5100 (angstrom), based on the empirically
calibrated photoionization method. They find a significant offset from the local relation in the sense that velocity dispersions
were smaller for given black hole masses at z = 0.36 than locally. They investigate various sources of systematic uncertainties
and find that those cannot account for the observed offset.
NTIS
Black Holes (Astronomy); Spheroids; Photoionization; Seyfert Galaxies
20060050062 California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of X-ray Activity
Tomsick, John A.; Corbel, Stephane; Goldwurm, Andrea; Kaaret, Philip; The Astrophysical Journal; Sep. 1, 2005; Volume 630,
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNG04GA49G; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
The black hole candidate (BHC) X-ray transient 4U 1630-47 continuously produced strong X-ray emission for more than
2 years during its 2002-2004 outburst, which is one of the brightest and longest outbursts ever seen from this source. We use
more than 300 observations made with the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RM E) to study the source throughout the outburst,
along with hard X-ray images from the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), which are critical
for interpreting the RXTE data in this crowded field. The source exhibits extreme behaviors, which can be interpreted as an
indication that the system luminosity approaches the Eddington limit. For 15 observations, fitting the spectral continuum with
a disk-blackbody plus power-law model results in measured inner disk temperatures between 2.7 and 3.8 key and such
temperatures are only rivaled by the brightest BHC systems, such as GRS 1915+105 and XTE 51550-564. If the high
temperatures are caused by the dominance of electron scattering opacity in the inner regions of the accretion disk, it is
theoretically required that the source luminosity be considerably higher than 20% of the Eddington limit. We detect a variety
of high-amplitude variability, including hard 10-100 s flares, which peak at levels as much as 2-3 times higher than nonflare
levels. This flaring occurs at the highest disk luminosities in a regime in which the source deviates from the L(sub disk) infinity
T(sup 4)(sub in) relationship that is seen at lower luminosities, possibly suggesting that we are seeing transitions between a
Shakura & Sunyaev disk and a ‘slim’ disk, which is predicted to occur at very high mass accretion rates. The X-ray properties
in 2002-2004 are significantly different from those seen during the 1998 outburst, which is the only outburst with detected
radio jet emission. Our results support the ‘jet line’ concept recently advanced by Fender and coworkers. Our study allows
for a test of the quantitative McClintock & Remillard spectral state definitions, and we find that these definitions alone do not
provide a complete description of the outburst. Finally, for several of the observations, the high-energy emission is dominated
449
by the nearby sources IGR 516320-4751 and IGR 516358-4726, and we provide information on when these sources were
bright and on the nature of their energy spectra.
Author
X Ray Timing Explorer; Black Holes (Astronomy); Energy Spectra; Electron Scattering; Radio Emission; Opacity; Luminosity
20060050116 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, CA, USA, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara,
Japan, Hiroshima Univ., Japan, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Tokyo, Japan
Design and Performance of the Soft Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mission
Tajiima, H.; Kamae, T.; Madejki, G.; Mitani, T.; Nakazawa, K.; Apr. 2006; 14 pp.; In English
The hard X-ray and gamma-ray bands have long been recognized as important windows for exploring the energetic
universe. It is in these energy bands that non-thermal emission, primarily due to accelerated high energy particles, becomes
dominant. However, by comparison with the soft X-ray band, where the spectacular data from the XMM-Newton and Chandra
satellites are revolutionizing our understanding of the high-energy universe, the sensitivities of hard X-ray missions flown so
far, or currently under construction, have not dramatically improved over the last decade. Clearly, the scope of discovery
expected with much improved sensitivity for both point and extended sources is enormous.
NTIS
Detection; Gamma Rays; X Ray Astronomy; Gamma Ray Astronomy; X Ray Detectors; Gamma Ray Sources (Astronomy);
Gamma Ray Telescopes

Photoelectric Emission Measurements on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Grains
Abbas, M. M.; Tankosic, D.; Craven, P. D.; Spann, J. F.; LeClair, A.; West, E. A.; Weingartner, J. C.; Tielens, A. G. G. M.;
Nuth, J. a.; Camata, R. P., et al.; The Astrophysical Journal; July 2006; Volume 645, pp. 324-336; In English; Original
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNC8-580; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
The photoelectric emission process is considered to be the dominant mechanism for charging of cosmic dust grains in
many astrophysical environments. The grain charge and equilibrium potentials play an important role in the dynamical and
physical processes that include heating of the neutral gas in the interstellar medium, coagulation processes in the dust clouds,
and levitation and dynamical processes in the interplanetary medium and planetary surfaces and rings. An accurate evaluation
of photoelectric emission processes requires knowledge of the photoelectric yields of individual dust grains of astrophysical
composition as opposed to the values obtained from measurements on flat surfaces of bulk materials, as it is generally assumed
on theoretical considerations that the yields for the small grains are much different from the bulk values. We present laboratory
measurements of the photoelectric yields of individual dust grains of silica, olivine, and graphite of approx. 0.09-5 micrometer
radii levitated in an electrodynamic balance and illuminated with ultraviolet radiation at 120-160 nm wavelengths. The
measured yields are found to be substantially higher than the bulk values given in the literature and indicate a size dependence
with larger particles having order-of-magnitude higher values than for submicron-size grains.
Author
Cosmic Dust; Photoelectric Emission; Analogs; Granular Materials
91
LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION
Includes planetology; selenology; meteorites; comets; and manned and unmanned planetary and lunar flights. For spacecraft design or
space stations see 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance.

Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon with M3
Pieters, C. M.; Boardman, J.; Buratti, B.; Clark, R.; Green, R.; Head, J. W. III; McCord, T. B.; Mustard, J.; Runyon, C.; Staid,
M., et al.; January 2006; 1 pp.; In English; COSPAR: Committee on Space Research, 16-23 Jul. 2006, Beijing, China
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNM05AB26C; No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
From the initial era or lunar exploration, we have learned that many processes active on the early Moon are common to
most terrestrial planets, including the record of early and late impact bombardment. Since most major geologic activity ceased
on the Moon approx. 3 Gy ago, the Moon’s surface provides a record of the earliest era of terrestrial planet evolution. The
450
type and composition of minerals that comprise a planetary surface are a direct result of the initial composition and subsequent
thermal and physical processing. Lunar mineralogy seen today is thus a direct record of the early evolution of the lunar crust
and subsequent geologic processes. Specifically, the distribution and concentration of specific minerals is closely tied to
magma ocean products, lenses of intruded or remelted plutons, basaltic volcanism and fire-fountaining, and any process (e.g.
cratering) that might redistribute or transform primary and secondary lunar crustal materials. The Moon Mineralogy Mapper
(M3, or ‘m-cube’) is a state-of-the-art imaging spectrometer that will fly on Chandrayaan-1, the Indian Space Research
Organization (ISRO) mission to be launched late 2007 to early 2008. M3 is one of several foreign instruments chosen by ISRO
to be flown on Chandrayaan-1 to complement the strong ISRO payload package. M3 was selected through a peer-review
process as part of NASA s Discovery Program. It is under the oversight of PI Carle Pieters at Brown University and is being
built by an experienced team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Data analysis and calibration are carried out by a highly
qualified and knowledgeable Science Team. To characterize diagnostic properties of lunar minerals, M3 acquires high spectral
resolution reflectance data from 700 to 3000 nm (optional to 430 nm). M3 operates as a pushbroom spectrometer with a slit
oriented orthogonal to the S/C orbital motion. Measurements are obtained simultaneously for 640 cross track spatial elements
and 261 spectral elements. This translates to 70 m/pixel spatial resolution from a nominal 100 km polar orbit for
Chandrayaan-1 . The primary science goal of M3 is to characterize and map lunar surface mineralogy in the context of its
geologic evolution as outlined above. This translates into several sub-topics that focus on exploring the mineral character of
the highland crust, characterizing the diversity basaltic volcanism, and identifying potential volatile concentrations near the
poles. The primary exploration goal is to assess and map lunar mineral resources at high spatial resolution to support planning
for future, targeted missions.
Author
Lunar Surface; Mineralogy; Moon; Lunar Exploration; Lunar Geology
20060048270 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA, Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech.,
Pasadena, CA, USA
Characterizing the Mineralogy of Potential Lunar Landing Sites
Pieters, Carle; Head, James W., III; Mustard, Jack; Boardman, Joe; Buratti, Bonnie; Clark, Roger; Green, Rob; Head, James
W, III; McCord, Thomas B.; Mustard, Jack; Runyon, Cassandra; Staid, Matt, et al.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; ICEUM8:
International Conference on Exploration and Utilizationo of the Moon, 23-27 Jul. 2006, Beijing, China; Original contains
black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNM05AB26C; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
Many processes active on the early Moon are common to most terrestrial planets, including the record of early and late
impact bombardment. The Moon’s surface provides a record of the earliest era of terrestrial planet evolution, and the type and
composition of minerals that comprise a planetary surface are a direct result of the initial composition and subsequent thermal
and physical processing. Lunar mineralogy seen today is thus a direct record of the early evolution of the lunar crust and
subsequent geologic processes. Specifically, the distribution and concentration of specific minerals is closely tied to magma
ocean products, lenses of intruded or remelted plutons, basaltic volcanism and fire-fountaining, and any process (e.g. cratering)
that might redistribute or transform primary and secondary lunar crustal materials. The association of several lunar minerals
with key geologic processes is illustrated in Figure 1. The geologic history of potential landing sites on the Moon can be read
from the character and context of local mineralogy.
Author
Lunar Landing Sites; Mineralogy; Planetary Surfaces; Lunar Crust; Cratering; Terrestrial Planets; Volcanology;
Paleontology; Lunar Soil

Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Can ‘See’
Allen, Carl C.; [2006]; 3 pp.; In English; Lunar Crater Observng and Sensing Satellite Workshop, 16-17 Oct. 206, Moffett
Field, CA, USA; Original contains color and black and white illustrations; No Copyright; ONLINE:
The recommended impact site for LCROSS is Shoemaker crater, centered at 88.1 S, 45 E. This 51-km diameter crater is
in permanent shadow. However, more than half of its floor has been imaged by Earth-base radar. This degree of target
knowledge will strongly constrain impact models and significantly increase the confidence of data interpretation.
Derived from text
Lunar Craters; Selenography; Selenology; Impact; Lunar Geology; Digital Elevation Models; Lunar Topography; Craters
451
Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Venus and Earth
Justh, Hilary L.; Justus, C. G.; Keller, Vernon W.; [2006]; 12 pp.; In English; AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialists
Conference, 21-24 Aug. 2006, Keystone, CO, USA; Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.:
CASI: A03, Hardcopy
This document is the viewgraph slides of the presentation. Marshall Space Flight Center’s Natural Environments Branch
has developed Global Reference Atmospheric Models (GRAMs) for Mars, Venus, Earth, and other solar system destinations.
Mars-GRAM has been widely used for engineering applications including systems design, performance analysis, and
operations planning for aerobraking, entry descent and landing, and aerocapture. Preliminary results are presented, comparing
Mars-GRAM with measurements from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) during its aerobraking in Mars thermosphere.
Venus-GRAM is based on the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Venus International Reference Atmosphere (VIRA),
and is suitable for similar engineering applications in the thermosphere or other altitude regions of the atmosphere of Venus.
Until recently, the thermosphere in Earth-GRAM has been represented by the Marshall Engineering Thermosphere (MET)
model. Earth-GRAM has recently been revised. In addition to including an updated version of MET, it now includes an option
to use the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Radar Extended Model (NRLMSISE-00) as an
alternate thermospheric model. Some characteristics and results from Venus-GRAM and Earth-GRAM thermospheres are also
presented.
Author
Atmospheric Models; Mars Atmosphere; Reference Atmospheres; Thermosphere; Venus Atmosphere; Earth Atmosphere;
Planetary Environments

Habitat Design Optimization and Analysis
SanSoucie, Michael P.; Hull, Patrick V.; Tinker, Michael L.; January 2006; 16 pp.; In English; Original contains black and
white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NNM05AB50C; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060048561; Avail.: CASI:
A03, Hardcopy
Long-duration surface missions to the Moon and Mars will require habitats for the astronauts. The materials chosen for
the habitat walls play a direct role in the protection against the harsh environments found on the surface. Choosing the best
materials, their configuration, and the amount required is extremely difficult due to the immense size of the design region.
Advanced optimization techniques are necessary for habitat wall design. Standard optimization techniques are not suitable for
problems with such large search spaces; therefore, a habitat design optimization tool utilizing genetic algorithms has been
developed. Genetic algorithms use a ‘survival of the fittest’ philosophy, where the most fit individuals are more likely to
survive and reproduce. This habitat design optimization tool is a multi-objective formulation of structural analysis, heat loss,
radiation protection, and meteoroid protection. This paper presents the research and development of this tool.
Author
Design Optimization; Long Duration Space Flight; Space Exploration; Habitability

Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic
Chondrules in CO Chondrites
Rubin, Alan E.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 69, No. 1, pp. 211-220; In
Non-spherical chondrules (arbitrarily defined as having aspect ratios greater than or equal to 1.20) in CO3.0 chondrites
comprise multi-lobate, distended, and highly irregular objects with rounded margins; they constitute approx. 70% of the type-I
(low-FeO) porphyritic chondrules in Y-81020, approx. 75% of such chondrules in ALHA77307, and approx. 60% of those in
Colony. Although the proportion of non-spherical type-I chondrules in LL3.0 Semarkona is comparable (approx. 60%),
multi-lobate OC porphyritic chondrules (with lobe heights equivalent to a significant fraction of the mean chondrule diameter)
are rare. If the non-spherical type-I chondrules in CO chondrites had formed from totally molten droplets, calculations indicate
that they would have collapsed into spheres within approx. 10(exp -3) s, too little time for their 20-micrometer-size olivine
phenocrysts to have grown from the melt. These olivine grains must therefore be relicts from an earlier chondrule generation;
the final heating episode experienced by the non-spherical chondrules involved only minor amounts of melting and
crystallization. The immediate precursors of the individual non-spherical chondrules may have been irregularly shaped
452
chondrule fragments whose fracture surfaces were rounded during melting. Because non-spherical chondrules and circular
chondrules form a continuum in shape and have similar grain sizes, mineral and mesostasis compositions, and modal
abundances of non-opaque phases, they must have formed by related processes. We conclude that a large majority of low-FeO
chondrules in CO3 chondrites experienced a late, low-degree melting event. Previous studies have shown that essentially all
type-II (high-FeO) porphyritic chondrules in Y-81020 formed by repeated episodes of low-degree melting. It thus appears that
the type-I and type-II porphyritic chondrules in Y-81020 (and, presumably, all CO3 chondrites) experienced analogous
formation histories. Because these two types constitute approx. 95% of all CO chondrules, it is clear that chondrule recycling
was the rule in the CO chondrule-formation region and that most melting events produced only low degrees of melting. The
rarity of significantly non-spherical, multi-lobate chondrules in Semarkona may reflect more-intense heating of chondrule
precursors in the ordinary-chondrite region of the solar nebula.
Author
Chondrule; Iron Oxides; Meteoritic Composition; Carbonaceous Chondrites; Petrology

Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Possible Formation of the IVA Magma by Impact Melting and Reduction of
L-LL-Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystallization and Cooling
Wasson, John T.; Matsunami, Yoshiyuki; Rubin, Alan E.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 70,
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-12058; NAG5-4766; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Group IVA is a large magmatic group of iron meteorites. The mean DELTA O-17 (= delta O-17 - 0.52(raised dot) delta
O-18) of the silicates is approx. plus or minus 1.2%o, similar to the highest values in L chondrites and the lowest values in
LL chondrites; delta O-18 values are also in the L/LL range. This strongly suggests that IVA irons formed by melting L-LL
parental material, but the mean Ni content of IVA irons (83 mg/g) is much lower than that of a presumed L-LL parent (approx.
170 mg/g) and the low-Ca pyroxene present in two IVA meteorites is Fs13, much lower than the Fs20-29 values in L and LL
chondrites. Thus, formation from L-LL precursors requires extensive addition of metallic Fe, probably produced by reduction
of FeS and FeO. Group IVA also has S/Ni, Ga/Ni, and Ge/Ni ratios that are much lower than those in L-LL chondrites or any
chondrite group that preserves nebular compositions, implying loss of these volatile elements during asteroidal processing. We
suggest that these reduction and loss processes occurred near the surface of the asteroid during impact heating, and resulted
partly from reduction by C, and partly from the thermal dissociation of FeS and FeO with loss of O and S. The hot (approx.
1770 K) low-viscosity melt quickly moved through channels in the porous asteroid to form a core. Two members of the IVA
group, Sao Joao Nepomuceno (hereafter, SJN) and Steinbach, contain moderate amounts of orthopyroxene and silica, and
minor amounts of low-Ca clinopyroxene. Even though SJN formed after approx. 26% crystallization and Steinbach formed
after approx. 77% Crystallization of the IVA core, both could have originated within several tens of meters of the core-mantle
interface if 99% of the crystallization occurred from the center outwards. Two other members of the group (Gibeon and Bishop
Canyon) contain tabular tridymite, which we infer to have initially formed as veins deposited from a cooling SiO-rich vapor.
The silicates were clearly introduced into IVA irons after the initial magma crystallized. Because the y-iron crystals in SJN
are typically about 5 cm across, an order of magnitude smaller than in IVA irons that do not contain massive silicates, we infer
that the metal was in the gamma-iron field when the silicates were injected. The SJN and Steinbach silicate compositions are
near the low-Ca-pyroxene/silica eutectic compositions. We suggest that a tectonic event produced a eutectic-like liquid and
injected it together with unmelted pyroxene grains into fissures in the solid metal core. Published estimates of IVA
metallographic cooling rates range from 20 to 3000 K/Ma, leading to a hypothesized breakup of the core during a major impact
followed by scrambling of the core and mantle debris [Haack, H., Scott, E.R.D., Love, S.G., Brearley, A. 1996. Thermal
histories of IVA stony-iron and iron meteorites: evidence for asteroid fragmentation and reaccretion. Geochim. Cosmochim.
Acta 60, 3103-3113]. This scrambling model is physically implausible and cannot explain the strong correlation of estimated
cooling rates with metal composition. Previous workers concluded that the low-Ca clinopyroxene in SJN and Steinbach
formed from protopyroxene by quenching at a cooling rate of 10(sup 12) K/Ma, and suggested that this also supported an
impact-scrambling model. This implausible spike in cooling rate by a factor of 10(sup 10) can be avoided if the low-Ca
clinopyroxene were formed by a late shock event that converted orthopyroxene to clinopyroxene followed by minimal growth
in the clinopyroxene field, probably because melt was also produced. We suggest that metallographic cooling-rate estimates
(e.g., based on island taenite) giving similar values throughout the metal compositional range are more plausible, and that the
IVA parent asteroid can be modeled by monotonic cooling followed by a high-temperature impact event that introduced
silicates into the metal and a low-temperature impact event that partially converted thopyroxene into low-Ca clinopyroxene.
Author
Chondrites; Cooling; Crystallization; Iron Meteorites; Iron Oxides; Magma; Pyroxenes; Silicates; Impact Melts
453
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low-FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbon-
aceous Chondrite Closely Related to CM
Rubin, Alan E.; Kunihiro, Tak; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume
69, pp. 3831-3840; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NSF EAR-00-74076; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
With one exception, the low-FeO relict olivine grains within high-FeO porphyritic chondrules in the type 3.0 Acfer 094
carbonaceous chondrite have DELTA O-17 ( = delta O-17 - 0.52 X delta O-18) values that are substantially more negative than
those of the high-FeO olivine host materials. These results are similar to observations made earlier on chondrules in C03.0
chondrites and are consistent with two independent models: (1) Nebular solids evolved from low-FeO, low-DELTA O-17
compositions towards high-FeO, more positive DELTA O-17 compositions; and (2) the range of compositions resulted from
the mixing of two independently formed components. The two models predict different trajectories on a DELTA O-17 vs. log
Fe/Mg (olivine) diagram, but our sample set has too few values at intermediate Fe/Mg ratios to yield a definitive answer.
Published data showing that Acfer 094 has higher volatile contents than CO chondrites suggest a closer link to CM chondrites.
This is consistent with the high modal matrix abundance in Acfer 094 (49 vol.%). Acfer 094 may be an unaltered CM chondrite
or an exceptionally matrix-rich CO chondrite. Chondrules in Acfer 094 and in CO and CM carbonaceous chondrites appear
to sample the same population. Textural differences between Acfer 094 and CM chondrites are largely attributable to the high
degree of hydrothermal alteration that the CM chondrites experienced in an asteroidal setting.
Author
Carbonaceous Chondrites; Chondrule; Composition (Property); Iron Oxides; Isotopic Labeling; Oxygen 17; Oxygen 18

Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith Formation from H3 Chondrite Material
by Possible Cometary Impact
Rubin, Alan E.; Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M.; Kunihiro, Takuya; Kallemeyn, Gregory W.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 69, pp. 3419-3430; In English; Original contains black and
white illustrations
Chondritic clast PV1 from the Plainview H-chondrite regolith breccia is a subrounded, 5-mm diameter unequilibrated
chondritic fragment that contains 13 wt% C occurring mainly within irregularly shaped 30-400-micron-size opaque patches.
The clast formed from H3 chondrite material as indicated by the mean apparent chondrule diameter (310 micron vs.
approximately 300 micron in H3 chondrites), the mean Mg-normalized refractory lithophile abundance ratio (1.00 +/- 0.09
XH), the previously determined 0-isotopic composition (Delta O-17 = 0.66% vs. 0.68 +/- 0.04%0 in H3 chondrites and 0.73
+/- 0.09% in H4-6 chondrites), the heterogeneous olivine compositions in grain cores (with a minimum range of Fal-19), and
the presence of glass in some chondrules. Although the clast lacks the fine-grained, ferroan silicate matrix material present in
type 3 ordinary chondrites, PV1 contains objects that appear to be recrystallized clumps of matrix material. Similarly, the
apparent dearth of radial pyroxene and cryptocrystalline chondrules in PV1 is accounted for by the presence of some
recrystallized fragments of these chondrule textural types. All of the chondrules in PV1 are interfused indicating that
temperatures must have briefly reached approximately 1100C (the approximate solidus temperature of H-chondrite silicate).
The most likely source of this heating was by an impact. Some metal was lost during impact heating as indicated by the
moderately low abundance of metallic Fe-Ni in PV1 (approximately 14 wt%) compared to that in mean H chondrites
(approximately 18 wt%). The carbon enrichment of the clast may have resulted from a second impact event, one involving
a cometary projectile, possibly a Jupiter-family comet. As the clast cooled, it experienced hydrothermal alteration at low
water/rock ratios as evidenced by the thick rims of ferroan olivine around low-FeO olivine cores. The C-rich chondritic clast
was later incorporated into the H-chondrite parent-body regolith and extensively fractured and faulted.
Author
Carbon; Chondrites; Chondrule; Cometary Collisions; Meteoritic Composition

Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite
Kunihiro, Takuya; Rubin, Alan E.; McKeegan, Kevin D.; Wasson, John T.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006;
ISSN 0016-7037; Volume 68, No. 17, pp. 3599-3606; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-9789; NSF EAR-00-74076; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
We report the oxygen-isotope compositions of relict and host olivine grains in six high-FeO porphyritic olivine chondrules
454
in one of the most primitive carbonaceous chondrites, CO3.0 Yamato 81020. Because the relict grains predate the host
phenocrysts, microscale in situ analyses of O-isotope compositions can help assess the degree of heterogeneity among
chondrule precursors and constrain the nebular processes that caused these isotopic differences. In five of six chondrules
studied, the DELTA O-17 (=delta O-17 - 0.52 (raised dot) delta O-18) compositions of host phenocrysts are higher than those
in low-FeO relict grains; the one exception is for a chondrule with a moderately high-FeO relict. Both the fayalite
compositions as well as the O-isotope data support the view that the low-FeO relict grains formed in a previous generation
of low-FeO porphyritic chondrules that were subsequently fragmented. It appears that most low-FeO porphyritic chondrules
formed earlier than most high-FeO porphyritic chondrules, although there were probably some low-FeO chondrules that
formed during the period when most high-FeO chondrules were forming.
Author
Carbonaceous Chondrites; Petrography; Granular Materials; Chondrule; Oxygen Isotopes

Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift in the O Isotopic Composition of the Solar Nebula
Wasson, John T.; Rubin, Alan E.; Yurimoto, Hisayoshi; Meteoritics and Planetary Sciences; May 31, 2006; Volume 39, No.
9, pp. 1591-1598; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; NSF EAR-00-744076; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
Several recent studies have shown that materials such as magnetite that formed in asteroids tend to have higher Delta O-17
(=delta O-17 -0.52 delta O-18) values than those recorded in unaltered chondrules. Other recent studies have shown that, in
sets of chondrules from carbonaceous chondrites, Delta O-17 tends to increase as the FeO contents of the silicates increase.
We report a comparison of the O isotopic composition of olivine phenocrysts in low-FeO (\hFal) type I and high-FeO (\gFal5)
type II porphyritic chondrules in the highly primitive C03.0 chondrite Yamato-81020. In agreement with a similar study of
chondrules in C03.0 ALH A77307 by Jones et al., Delta O-17 tends to increase with increasing FeO. We find that Delta O-17
values are resolved (but only marginally) between the two sets of olivine phenocrysts. In two of the high-FeO chondrules, the
difference between Delta O-17 of the late-formed, high-FeO phenocryst olivine and those in the low-FeO cores of relict grains
is well-resolved (although one of the relicts is interpreted to be a partly melted amoeboid olivine inclusion by Yurimoto and
Wasson). It appears that, during much of the chondrule-forming period, there was a small upward drift in the Delta O-17 of
nebular solids and that relict cores preserve the record of a different (and earlier) nebular environment.
Author
Chondrites; Chondrule; Meteoritic Composition; Oxygen 17; Solar Nebula

Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Events on the LL Parent Body
Dixon, E. T.; Bogard, D. D.; Garrison, D. H.; Rubin, A. E.; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; Volume 68,
No. 18, pp. 3779-3790; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; RTOP 44-31-30; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
We determined Ar-39-Ar-40 ages of eight LL chondrites, and one igneous inclusion from an LL chondrite, with the object
of understanding the thermal history of the LL-chondrite parent body. The meteorites in this study have a range of petrographic
types from LL3.3 to LL6, and shock stages from S1 to S4. These meteorites reveal a range of K-Ar ages from 23.66 to 24.50
Ga, and peak ages from 23.74 to 24.55 Ga. Significantly, three of the eight chondrites (LL4, 5, 6) have K-Ar ages of -4.27
Ga. One of these (MIL99301) preserves an Ar-39-Ar-40 age of 4.23 +/- 0.03 Ga from low-temperature extractions, and an
older age of 4.52 +/- 0.08 Ga from the highest temperature extractions. In addition, an igneous-textured impact melt
DOM85505,22 has a peak Ar-39-Ar-40 age of \g= 4.27 Ga. We interpret these results as evidence for impact events that
occurred at about 4.27 Ga on the LL parent body that produced local impact melts, reset the Ar-39-Ar-40 ages of some
meteorites, and exhumed (or interred) others, resulting in a range of cooling ages. The somewhat younger peak age of 3.74
Ga from GR095658 (LL3.3) suggests an additional impact event close to timing of impact-reset ages of some other ordinary
chondrites between 3.6-3.8 Ga. The results from MIL99301 suggest that some apparently unshocked (Sl) chondrites may have
substantially reset Ar-39-Ar-40 ages. A previous petrographic investigation of MIL99301 suggested that reheating to
temperatures less than or equal to type 4 petrographic conditions (600C) caused fractures in olivine to anneal, resulting in a
low apparent shock stage of S1 (unshocked). The Ar-39-Ar-40 age spectrum of MIL99301 is consistent with this
interpretation. Older ages from high-T extractions may date an earlier impact event at 4.52 +/- 0.08 Ga, whereas younger ages
from lower-T extractions date a later impact event at 4.23 Ar-39-Ar-40 0.03 Ga that may have caused annealing of feldspar
and olivine
Author
Chondrites; Impact Melts; Argon Isotopes; Meteoritic Composition; Meteorite Parent Bodies; Aging
455
Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Al-rich Chondrule from the Semarkona Meteorite
Rubin, Alan E.; American Mineralogist; May 31, 2006; ISSN 0003-004X; Volume 89, pp. 867-872; In English; Original
contains black and white illustrations
A Ca-AI-rich chondrule (labeled G7) from the Semarkona LL3.0 ordinary chondrite (OC) consists of 73 vol% glassy
mesostasis, 22 vol% skeletal forsterite. 3 vol% fassaite (i.e., Al-Ti diopside), and 2 vol% Al-rich, low-Ca pyroxene. The latter
phase, which contains up to 16.3 wt% A1203, is among the most AI-rich, low-Ca pyroxene grains ever reported. It is inferred
that 20% of the tetrahedral sites and 13% of the octahedral sites in this grain are occupied by Al. Approximately parallel optical
extinction implies that the Al-rich, low-Ca pyroxene grains are probably orthorhombic, consistent with literature data that
show that A1203 stabilizes the orthoenstatite structure relative to protoenstatite at low pressure. The order of crystallization
in the chondrule was forsterite, AI-rich low-Ca pyroxene, and fassaite; the residual liquid vitrified during chondrule quenching.
Phase relationships indicate that, for a G7-composition liquid at equilibrium, spinel and anorthite should crystallize early and
orthopyroxene should not crystallize at all. The presence of AI-rich orthopyroxene in G7 is due mainly to the kinetic failure
of anorthite to crystallize; this failure was caused by quenching of the G7 precursor droplet. Aluminum preferentially enters
the relatively large B tetrahedra of orthopyroxene; because only one tetrahedral size occurs in fassaite, this phase contains
higher mean concentrations of Al2O3 than the Al-rich orthopyroxene (17.8 and 14.7 wt%, respectively). Chondrule G7 may
have formed by remelting an amoeboid olivine inclusion that entered the OC region of the solar nebula during an episode of
chondrule formation.
Author
Aluminum; Chondrites; Meteoritic Composition; Pyroxenes

Postshock Annealing and Postannealing Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chondrites: Implications for the Thermal and
Shock Histories of Chondritic Asteroids
In addition to shock effects in olivine, plagioclase, orthopyroxene and Ca-pyroxene, petrographic shock indicators in
equilibrated ordinary chondrites (OC) include chromite veinlets, chromite-plagioclase assemblages, polycrystalline troilite,
metallic Cu, irregularly shaped troilite grains within metallic Fe-Ni, rapidly solidified metal-sulfide intergrowths, martensite
and various types of plessite, metal-sulfide veins, large metal and/or sulfide nodules, silicate melt veins, silicate darkening,
low-Ca clinopyroxene, silicate melt pockets, and large regions of silicate melt. The presence of some of these indicators in
every petrologic type-4 to -6 ordinary chondrite (OC) demonstrates that collisional events caused all equilibrated OC to reach
shock stages S3-S6. Those type-4 to -6 OC that are classified as shock-stage S1 (on the basis of sharp optical extinction in
olivine) underwent postshock annealing due to burial beneath materials heated by the impact event. Those type-4 to -6 OC
that are classified S2 (on the basis of undulose extinction and lack of planar fractures in olivine) were shocked to stage S3-S6,
annealed to stage S1 and then shocked again to stage S2. Some OC were probably shocked to stage 253 after annealing. It
seems likely that many OC experienced multiple episodes of shock and annealing. Because 40Ar-39Ar chronological data
indicate that MIL 99301 (LL6, Sl) was annealed approximately 4.26 Ga ago, presumably as a consequence of a major impact,
it seems reasonable to suggest that other equilibrated S1 and S2 OC (which contain relict shock features) were also annealed
by impacts. Because some type-6 S1 OC (e.g., Guarena, Kernouve, Portales Valley, all of which contain relict shock features)
were annealed 4.44-4.45 Ga ago (during a period when impacts were prevalent and most OC were thermally metamorphosed),
it follows that impact-induced annealing could have contributed significantly to OC thermal metamorphism.
Author
Annealing; Chondrites; Melts (Crystal Growth); Meteoritic Composition; Meteorite Parent Bodies; Impact; Shock Heating

Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Breccia
Rubin, Alan E.; Meteoritics and Planetary Science; May 31, 2006; Volume 38, No. 10, pp. 1499-1506; In English; Original
contains black and white illustrations
Northwest Africa (NWA) 428 is an L chondrite that was successively thermally metamorphosed to petrologic type-6,
shocked to stage S4-S5, brecciated, and annealed to approximately petrologic type-4. Its thermal and shock history resembles
456
that of the previously studied LL6 chondrite, Miller Range (MIL) 99301, which formed on a different asteroid. The petrologic
type-6 classification of NWA 428 is based on its highly recrystallized texture, coarse metal (150 +/- 150 micron), troilite (100
+/- 170 micron), and plagioclase (20-60 micron) grains, and relatively homogeneous olivine (Fa(sub 24.4 +/- 0.6)), low-Ca
pyroxene (FS(sub 2.5+/- 0~,4) , and plagioclase (Ab(sub 84.2 +/- 0.4) compositions. The petrographic criteria that indicate
shock stage S4-S5 include the presence of chromite veinlets, chromite-plagioclase assemblages, numerous occurrences of
metallic Cu, irregular troilite grains within metallic Fe-Ni, polycrystalline troilite, duplex plessite, metal and troilite veins,
large troilite nodules, and low-Ca clinopyroxene with polysynthetic twins. If the rock had been shocked before thermal
metamorphism, low-Ca clinopyroxene produced by the shock event would have transformed into orthopyroxene. Post-shock
brecciation is indicated by the presence of recrystallized clasts and highly shocked clasts that form sharp boundaries with the
host. Post-shock annealing is indicated by the sharp optical extinction of the olivine grains; during annealing, the damaged
olivine crystal lattices healed. If temperatures exceeded those approximating petrologic type-4 (approximately 600-700 C)
during annealing, the low-Ca clinopyroxene would have transformed into orthopyroxene. The other shock indicators, likewise,
survived the mild annealing. An impact event is the most plausible source of post-metamorphic, post-shock annealing because
any A1-26 that may have been present when the asteroid accreted would have decayed away by the time NWA 428 was
annealed. The similar inferred histories of NWA 428 (L6) and MIL 99301 (LL6) indicate that impact heating affected more
than 1 ordinary chondrite parent body.
Author
Annealing; Chondrites; Metamorphism (Geology); Meteoritic Composition; Plagioclase; Thermal Shock; Meteorite Parent
Bodies

Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteorite Fall
Rubin, Alan E.; Kallemeyn, Gregory W.; Wasson, John T.; Clayton, Robert N.; Mayeda, Toshiko; Grady, Monica; Verchovsky,
Alexander B.; Eugster, Otto; Lorenzetti, Silvio; Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; May 31, 2006; ISN 0016-7037; Volume
67, No. 17, pp. 3283-3298; In English; Original contains black and white illustrations
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; NAG5-10421; NAG5-12058; NSF EAR-98-15338; Copyright; Avail.:
Other Sources
Gujba is a coarse-grained meteorite fall composed of 41 vol% large kamacite globules, 20 vol% large light-colored silicate
globules with cryptocrystalline, barred pyroxene and barred olivine textures, 39 vol% dark-colored, silicate-rich matrix, and
rare refractory inclusions. Gujba resembles Bencubbin and Weatherford in texture, oxygen-isotopic composition and in having
high bulk delta N-15 values (approximately +685%0). The He-3 cosmic-ray exposure age of Gujba (26 +/- 7 Ma) is essentially
identical to that of Bencubbin, suggesting that they were both reduced to meter-size fragments in the same parent-body
collision. The Gujba metal globules exhibit metal-troilite quench textures and vary in their abundances of troilite and volatile
siderophile elements. We suggest that the metal globules formed as liquid droplets either via condensation in an
impact-generated vapor plume or by evaporation of preexisting metal particles in a plume. The lower the abundance of volatile
elements in the metal globules, the higher the globule quench temperature. We infer that the large silicate globules also formed
from completely molten droplets; their low volatile-element abundances indicate that they also formed at high temperatures,
probably by processes analogous to those that formed the metal globules. The coarse-grained Bencubbin-Weatherford-Gujba
meteorites may represent a depositional component from the vapor cloud enriched in coarse and dense particles. A second
class of Bencubbin-like meteorites (represented by Hammadah a1 Hamra 237 and QUE 94411) may be a finer fraction derived
from the same vapor cloud
Author
Globules; Meteoritic Composition; Meteorites; Meteorite Parent Bodies; Meteoritic Microstructures

Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Breccia that Experienced Post-shock Annealing
Rubin, Alan E.; Jones, Rhian H.; Meteoritics and Planetary Science; May 31, 2006; Volume 38, No,. 10, pp. 1507-1520; In
Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-12967; NAG5-4766; NAG5-9463; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
The low modal abundances of relict chondrules (1.8 Vol%) and of coarse (i.e. \g= 2200 micron-size) isolated mafic silicate
grains (1.8 Vol%) in Spade relative to mean H6 chondrites (11.4 and 9.8 vol%, respectively) show Spade to be a rock that has
experienced a significant degree of melting. Various petrographic features (e.g., chromite-plagioclase assemblages, chromite
veinlets, silicate darkening) indicate that melting was caused by shock. Plagioclase was melted during the shock event and
flowed so that it partially to completely surrounded nearby mafic silicate grains. During crystallization, plagioclase developed
457
igneous zoning. Low-Ca pyroxene that crystallized from the melt (or equilibrated with the melt at high temperatures) acquired
relatively high amounts of CaO. Metallic Fe-Ni cooled rapidly below the Fe-Ni solws and transformed into martensite.
Subsequent reheating of the rock caused transformation of martensite into abundant duplex plessite. Ambiguities exist in the
shock stage assignment of Spade. The extensive silicate darkening, the occurrence of chromite-plagioclase assemblages, and
the impact-melted characteristics of Spade are consistent with shock stage S6. Low shock (stage S2) is indicated by the
undulose extinction and lack of planar fractures in olivine. This suggests that Spade reached a maximum prior shock level
equivalent to stage S6 and then experienced post-shock annealing (probably to stage Sl). These events were followed by a less
intense impact that produced the undulose extinction in the olivine, characteristic of shock stage S2. Annealing could have
occurred if Spade were emplaced near impact melts beneath the crater floor or deposited in close proximity to hot debris within
an ejecta blanket. Spade firmly establishes the case for post-shock annealing. This may have been a common process on
ordinary chondrites (OC) asteroids.
Author
Chondrites; Meteoritic Composition; Annealing; Impact Melts; Meteorite Parent Bodies

Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitability of Ancient Mars
Allen, Carlton C.; Oehler, Dorothy Z.; Paris, Kristen N.; Venechuk, Elizabeth M.; [2006]; 2 pp.; In English; American
Geophysical Union, 11-15 Dec, 2996, San Francisco, CA, USA; Copyright; Avail.: CASI: A01, Hardcopy
Understanding the habitability of ancient Mars is a key goal in the exploration of that planet. Evidence for conditions
favorable to early life must be sought in ancient sedimentary rocks, such as those of Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum.
Arabia Terra, the northernmost extension of the ancient highlands, is dominated by cratered plains and minor ridged units.
These plains extend south into the adjacent Meridiani Planum. The Opportunity rover landed in northern Meridiani, close to
the border with Arabia. High resolution MOC images reveal extensive layered sequences across much of the Arabia and
Meridiani region. These layers have been interpreted as eroded remnants of sedimentary rock deposits (Edgett, 2005). The
layered sequences are concentrated in the SW quadrant of Arabia and in northern Meridiani. Preliminary mapping by Edgett
(2005) distinguished four large scale layered sequences in the Arabia and Meridiani region. These have dimensions of
hundreds to more than 1,000 km. MOLA altimetry shows that each of the sequences can attain a thickness of 200 to 400 m,
with a total thickness greater than 1 km. The sequences are generally flat lying, with regional slopes of a few degrees. Much
finer layering is evident within a number of craters. The plains and ridged units of the Arabia and Meridiani region were
originally mapped as Noachian based on crater statistics, particularly the number of large craters (Scott and Carr, 1978). The
layered sequences in the current study postdate many, but not all, of these large craters. The layered sequences have partially
or totally filled a number of craters with diameters ranging from 20 to over 50 km. The topmost layered sequence, as well as
the lower two sequences, have intermediate thermal inertia, as derived from THEMIS, indicative of moderate induration. The
TES spectra from the lower sequences include features indicative of basalt. Some areas of the topmost sequence, which
includes the Opportunity landing site, have TES spectra dominated by hematite. Just below this topmost sequence lies a
sequence with higher thermal inertia, indicative of more indurated or coarser grained material. The TES spectra of this
sequence lack distinctive mineral features, and the rocks may be obscured by a thin coating of dust. The layers have been
extensively eroded. The uppermost sequences are characterized by deeply scalloped boundaries. Filled craters have been
partially exhumed. Finely layered deposits within craters have been strongly dissected. Landforms uniquely attributable to
wind erosion are rare, but erosive styles and geomorphology characteristic of water and possibly ice are present. The layered
sequences in Arabia Terra and Meridiani Planum likely reflect an epoch when the planet was much more habitable than it is
today. Several areas in these layered sequences are under intensive study as candidate landing sites for the 2009 Mars Science
Laboratory.
Author
Habitability; Mars Surface; Mineral Deposits; Planetary Geology; Geomorphology

The Apollo Expericence Lessons Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Management
Wagner, Sandra; September 2006; 74 pp.; In English
Report No.(s): NASA/TP-2006-213726; No Copyright; ONLINE: http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20060050035; Avail.: CASI:
A04, Hardcopy
Lunar dust will present significant challenges to NASA’s Lunar Exploration Missions. The challenges can be overcome
by using best practices in system engineering design. For successful lunar surface missions, all systems that come into contact
with lunar dust must consider the effects throughout the entire design process. Interfaces between all these systems with other
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systems also must be considered. Incorporating dust management into Concept of Operations and Requirements development
are the best place to begin to mitigate the risks presented by lunar dust. However, that is only the beginning. To be successful,
every person who works on NASA’s Constellation lunar missions must be mindful of this problem. Success will also require
fiscal responsibility. NASA must learn from Apollo the root cause of problems caused by dust, and then find the most
cost-effective solutions to address each challenge. This will require a combination of common sense existing technologies and
promising, innovative technical solutions
Derived from text
Lunar Dust; Lunar Surface; Systems Engineering; Lunar Programs; Aerospace Engineering; Lunar Logistics

NASA Langley Research Center Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Participation in the Exploration Systems
Architecture Study
Keyes, Jennifer; Troutman, Patrick A.; Saucillo, Rudolph; Cirillo, William M.; Cavanaugh, Steve; Stromgren, Chel; January
20, 2006; 30 pp.; In English; 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference, 6-8 Sep. 2006,
Portsmouth, VA, USA; Original contains color illustrations
The NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate (SACD) began studying human
exploration missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) in the year 1999. This included participation in NASA s Decadal Planning
Team (DPT), the NASA Exploration Team (NExT), Space Architect studies and Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts
(RASC) architecture studies that were used in formulating the new Vision for Space Exploration. In May of 2005, NASA
initiated the Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS). The primary outputs of the ESAS activity were concepts and
functional requirements for the Crewed Exploration Vehicle (CEV), its supporting launch vehicle infrastructure and
identification of supporting technology requirements and investments. An exploration systems analysis capability has evolved
to support these functions in the past and continues to evolve to support anticipated future needs. SACD had significant roles
in supporting the ESAS study team. SACD personnel performed the liaison function between the ESAS team and the
Shuttle/Station Configuration Options Team (S/SCOT), an agency-wide team charged with using the Space Shuttle to
complete the International Space Station (ISS) by the end of Fiscal Year (FY) 2010. The most significant of the identified
issues involved the ability of the Space Shuttle system to achieve the desired number of flights in the proposed time frame.
SACD with support from the Kennedy Space Center performed analysis showing that, without significant investments in
improving the shuttle processing flow, that there was almost no possibility of completing the 28-flight sequence by the end
of 2010. SACD performed numerous Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM) trades to define top level element requirements
and establish architecture propellant needs. Configuration trades were conducted to determine the impact of varying degrees
of segmentation of the living capabilities of the combined descent stage, ascent stage, and other elements. The technology
assessment process was developed and implemented by SACD as the ESAS architecture was refined. SACD implemented a
rigorous and objective process which included (a) establishing architectural functional needs, (b) collection, synthesis and
mapping of technology data, and (c) performing an objective decision analysis resulting in technology development
investment recommendations. The investment recommendation provided budget, schedule, and center/program allocations to
develop required technologies for the exploration architecture, as well as the identification of other investment opportunities
to maximize performance and flexibility while minimizing cost and risk. A summary of the trades performed and methods
utilized by SACD for the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESAS) activity is presented along with how SACD is
currently supporting the implementation of the Vision for Space Exploration.
Derived from text
Space Exploration; Systems Analysis; Manned Space Flight; Aerospace Systems; Technology Assessment; NASA Programs
92
SOLAR PHYSICS
Includes solar activity, solar flares, solar radiation and sunspots. For related information see 93 Space Radiation.

Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry-Perot Interferometers
Gary, G. Allen; West, Edward A.; Rees, David; McKay, Jack A.; Zukic, Maumer; Herman, Peter; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English;
Aims: A tunable, high spectral resolution, high effective finesse, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) Fabry-Perot interferometer
459
(PPI) is designed for obtaining narrow-passband images, magnetograms, and Dopplergrams of the transition region emission
line of CIV (155 nm). Methods: The integral part of the CIV narrow passband filter package (with a 2-10 pm FWHM) consists
of a multiple etalon system composed of a tunable interferometer that provides high-spectral resolution and a static
low-spectral resolution interferometer that allows a large effective free spectral range. The prefilter for the interferometers is
provided by a set of four mirrors with dielectric high-reflective coatings. A tunable interferometer, a VUV piezoelectric-control
etalon, has undergone testing using the surrogate F2 eximer laser line at 157 nm for the CIV line. We present the results of
the tests with a description of the overall concept for a complete narrow-band CIV spectral filter. The static interferometer of
the filter is envisioned as being hudt using a set of fixed MgF2 plates. The four-mirror prefilter is designed to have dielectric
multilayer n-stacks employing the design concept used in the Ultraviolet Imager of NASA’s Polar Spacecraft. A dual etalon
system allows the effective free spectral range to be commensurate with the prefilter profile. With an additional etalon, a triple
etalon system would allow a spectrographic resolution of 2 pm. The basic strategy has been to combine the expertise of
spaceflight etalon manufacturing with VUV coating technology to build a VUV FPI which combines the best attributes of
imagers and spectrographs into a single compact instrument. Results. Spectro-polarimetry observations of the transition region
CIV emission can be performed to increase the understanding of the magnetic forces, mass motion, evolution, and energy
release within the solar atmosphere at the base of the corona where most of the magnetic field is approximately force-free.
The 2D imaging of the full vector magnetic field at the height of maximum magnetic influence (minimum plasma beta) can
be accomplished, albeit difficult, by measuring the Zeeman splitting of the CIV resonance pair. Designs of multiple VUV FPIs
can be developed for integration into future orbiting solar observatories to obtain rapid cadence, spectral imaging of the
transition region.
Author
Fabry-Perot Interferometers; Far Ultraviolet Radiation; Narrowband; Magnetic Signatures; High Vacuum; Spectral
Resolution

Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Extensions with GPS-TEC Observations
Gulyaeva, T. L.; Gallagher, Dennis L.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) 2005 Workshop,
25 Jun. - 1 Jul. 2005, Roquetes, Spain; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
Comparisons of two model results with Global Positioning System GPS-TEC measurements have been carried out for
different latitudinal, solar activity, magnetic activity, diurnal and seasonal conditions. The models evaluated are the Global
Core Plasma Model (GCPM-2000) and the IRI extension with Russian plasmasphere model (IRI*).Data of 23 observatories
providing GPS-TEC and ionosonde data have been used. It is shown that IRI* plasmasphere electron density is greater than
GCPM results by an order of magnitude at 6370 km altitude (one Earth’s radius) with this excess growing to 2-3 orders of
magnitude towards the GPS satellite altitude of 20000 km. Another source of model and GPS-TEC differences is a way of
selection of the F2 layer peak parameters driving the models either with ITU-R (former CCIR) maps or ionosonde
observations. Plasmasphere amendment to IRI improves accuracy of TEC model predictions because the plasmasphere
contribution to the total TEC varies from 10% by daytime under quiet magnetic conditions to more than 50% by night under
stormy conditions.
Author
Global Positioning System; Plasmasphere; Solar Activity; Magnetic Variations; Diurnal Variations; Plasmas (Physics);
Navigation Satellites; Earth Ionosphere

Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Ejections: Dominance of the Free Magnetic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist
Alone
Falconer, D. A.; Moore, R. L.; Gary, g. A.; The Astrophysical Journal; June 2006; Volume 644, pp. 1258-1272; In English;
Original contains black and white illustrations; Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources
We examine the magnetic causes of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) by examining, along with the correlations of
active-region magnetic measures with each other, the correlations of these measures with active-region CME productivity
observed in time windows of a few days, either centered on or extending forward from the day of the magnetic measurement.
The measures are from 36 vector magnetograms of bipolar active regions observed within -30’ of disk center by the Marshal
Space Flight Center (MSFC) vector magnetograph. From each magnetogram, we extract six whole-active-region measures
twice, once from the original plane-of-the-sky magnetogram and again a h r deprojection of the magnetogram to disk center.
Three of the measures are alternative measures of the total nonpotentiality of the active region, two are alternative measures
of the overall twist in the active-region’s magnetic field, and one is a measure of the magnetic size of the active region (the
460
active region’s magnetic flux content). From the deprojected magnetograms, we find evidence that (1) magnetic twist and
magnetic size are separate but comparably strong causes of active-region CME Productivity, and (2) the total free magnetic
energy in an active region’s magnetic field is a stronger determinant of the active region’s CME productivity than is the field’s
overall twist (or helicity) alone. From comparison of results from the non-deprojected magnetograms with corresponding
results from the deprojected magnetograms, we find evidence that (for prediction of active-region CME productivity and for
further studies of active-region magnetic size as a cause of CMEs), for active regions within approx.30deg of disk center,
active-region total nonpotentiality and flux content can be adequately measured from line-of-sight magnetograms, such as
from SOH0 MDI.
Author
Solar Corona; Coronal Mass Ejection; Magnetic Fields; Magnetic Signatures; Extraction; Bipolarity
93
SPACE RADIATION
Includes cosmic radiation; and inner and outer Earth radiation belts. For biological effects of radiation on plants and animals see 51 Life
Sciences; on human beings see 52 Aerospace Medicine. For theory see 73 Nuclear Physics.

Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Different Energies on the Radiation Hazard from Galactic Cosmic Rays
Lin, Z. W.; Adams, J. H., Jr.; [2006]; 1 pp.; In English; 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 16-23 Jul. 2006, Beijing, China;
No Copyright; Avail.: Other Sources; Abstract Only
The radiation hazard for astronauts from galactic cosmic rays is a major obstacle in long duration human space
explorations. Space radiation transport codes have been developed to calculate radiation environment on missions to the
Moon, Mars or beyond. We have studied how uncertainties in fragmentation cross sections at different energies affect the
accuracy of predictions from such radiation transport. We find that, in deep space, cross sections between 0.3 and 0.85 GeV/u
usually have the largest effect on dose-equivalent behind shielding in solar minimum GCR environments, and cross sections
between 0.85 and 1.2 GeV/u have the largest effect in solar maximum GCR environments. At the International Space Station,
cross sections at higher energies have the largest effect due to the geomagnetic cutoff.
Author
Radiation Hazards; Solar Activity Effects; Radiation Transport; Galactic Cosmic Rays; Fragmentation; Space Exploration;
Extraterrestrial Radiation
99
GENERAL
Includes aeronautical, astronautical, and space science related histories, biographies, and pertinent reports too broad for categorization;
histories or broad overviews of NASA programs such as Apollo, Gemini, and Mercury spacecraft, Earth Resources Technology Satellite
(ERTS), and Skylab; NASA appropriations hearings.

Nonelectronic Countermeasures for Infrared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Heat Decoys as Countermeasures
Saunders, R A; Smith, D C; Fox, H W; Jul 18, 1950; 19 pp.; In English
An analysis of the properties of the ideal heat decoy showed that: 1. The decoy should be dispersed in the air as a shower
of hot particles by projection with a suitable fire-arm. 2. Among the possible heat-producing reactions, combustion reactions
are the most suitable and, in particular, the combustion of carbon offers the most promise. 3. The duration of the decoy should
be about 30 seconds, to be controlled by adjusting the rate of reaction and particle size of the decoy substance. The preferred
decoy should comprise a reaction mixture which can be ignited after dispensing. Some preliminary experiments are described
and previous work reviewed. From the analysis it is concluded that future experimental work should be concentrated on the
type of heat decoy comprising a canister filled with carbon granules impregnated with an oxidizing agent and ignited either
by a burster charge or, if necessary, by some spontaneously inflammable material coating the granules. The number of canisters
for each application of the countermeasure depends on the size of the ship to be protected.
DTIC
Countermeasures; Decoys; Infrared Radiation; Missiles
461
Subject Term Index
ABBREVIATIONS ACCUMULATORS Double protection passive pour les equi-
NASA Scientific and Technical Informa- Station-Keeping Requirements for Astro- pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ :
tion Standards – 433 nomical Imaging with Constellations of Concept et etude experimentale (Design
Free-Flying Collectors – 56 and Experimental Study of the Passive
ABLATIVE MATERIALS Double Hearing Protection for the Crew
Characterization of Space Shuttle Ther- ACCURACY of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411
mal Protection System (TPS) Materials In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean
for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Investigating Double Hearing Protection
Color and Aerosol Products – 201 using Human Subjects – 411
Columbia Accident Investigation – 45
Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Pa- Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A
ABRASIVES rameters – 401
Labor Standards Application Program, Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua-
Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con- tion – 147
Shops – 108 trol for Satellite Formations – 443
ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code A Computational Model for Sound Field
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision
Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 6) – 134
CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
yards – 72 ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION
gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium.
Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea-
Propagation in Aircraft Noise Predic-
gram. Combined Abrasive Recycling and suring Systems for Increased Accuracy
tion – 409
Containment - Final Report With Sum- and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re-
mary and Conclusions – 67 pair – 311 Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation
Paths into the Human Head – 410
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- ACETATES
gram. Reduced Volume of Spent Abra- Development of Damp-Heat Resistant ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES
sive in Open Air Blasting – 67 Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsu- Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- lant Formulations at NREL – 175 Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In-
gram. User’s Guide to Selection of Blast- teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea-
Rheological and Mechanical Consider-
ing Abrasives – 74 tures – 411
ations for Photovoltaic Encapsu-
ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY lants – 182 ACOUSTIC RESONANCE
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors Reduced Order Modeling in Control of
ACETIC ACID
for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- Open Cavity Acoustics – 3
monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp- Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-D Glu-
tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex- cosamine Polymer Particles Down- ACOUSTICS
haust Streams – 419 Regulates Airway Allergic Re- An Integrated Approach to Motion and
sponses – 232 Sound – 302
ABSORPTIVITY
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys-
A Computational Model for Sound Field Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic
Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision tem – 302
Acid Administered in Drinking Water in
6) – 134 Rats and Mice – 203 An Iterative Substructuring Method for
ABSTRACTS Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Prob-
ACETYL COMPOUNDS lems – 346
NATO Advanced Research Workshop:
Optics of Biological Particles. Held in New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic
Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically Tracking Capability – 387
2005 – 416 Block Organophosphorylation – 219
Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data
ACCEPTABILITY ACETYLATION Simulator for Tracker Performance As-
Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Regulation of p53 Activity by Reversible- sessment – 314
Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Acetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppres- Control of Acoustics and Store Separa-
Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition sion – 206 tion in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8
in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes
IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for ACID BASE EQUILIBRIUM Design and Evaluation of Warning
Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 109 Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Sounds in Frigate Control Cen-
Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss tres – 410
ACCESS CONTROL Associated with Spaceflight – 255 Development of a Silent Tow Sys-
Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi-
tem – 408
tive Information through Bottleneck Moni- ACIDS
toring – 439 Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measure-
Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: ments on a Truncated Cylinder – 390
Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI
on PKI – 327 Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Reduced Order Modeling in Control of
Prostate Cancer – 206 Open Cavity Acoustics – 2
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Characterization of Space Shuttle Ther- ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION ACOUSTO-OPTICS
mal Protection System (TPS) Materials A Computational Model for Sound Field Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF
for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision for Remotely Controlling Lambda-
Columbia Accident Investigation – 45 6) – 134 Paths – 127
A-1
ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYN- Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engi- An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa-
DROME neers? – 284 coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca-
NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology pabilities for Installed Cooling
and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transpla- ADAPTIVE CONTROL Fans – 407
cental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed
Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Sys- Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correla-
Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in tions in Jets – 26
Utero Studies) – 65 tems – 378
ACQUISITION An Investigation of Control Strategies for AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organiza- Friction Compensation – 344 Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi-
tions: A Preliminary Report – 299 Analysis and Adaptive Control of a span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the
Discrete-Time Single-Server Network NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun-
Techniques for Developing an Acquisition nel – 1
Strategy by Profiling Software with Random Routing – 327
Risks – 307 Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa-
for a Partially Observed Controlled coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca-
Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should pabilities for Installed Cooling
Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech- Markov Chain – 357
Fans – 407
nical Data Needs to Support Weapon Convergence Analysis of a Class of Net-
Systems – 17 Experimental Investigation of the Aerody-
works of Nonlinear Coupled Oscilla-
namic Ground Effect of a Tailless
ACRYLIC RESINS tors – 128
Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing
Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 Decentralized Control and Decentralized Flaps – 2
Adaptive Control – 384
ACTINIDE SERIES AERODYNAMIC CONFIGURATIONS
Characterization of Host Phases for Ac- LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the
Performance Analysis of a Wing With
tinides in Simulated Metallic Waste Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Tele-
Multiple Winglets – 3
Forms by Transmission Electron Micros- scope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363
copy – 104 Robust Stochastic Adaptive Con- AERODYNAMIC FORCES
ACTIVE CONTROL trol – 349 Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi-
A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the
ADAPTIVE FILTERS NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun-
Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style
Bays – 13 Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bun- nel – 1
dling and Filtration in Large-Scale Dis-
Active Control of Compressor Stall incep- tributed Simulations – 136 AERODYNAMIC NOISE
tion: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Ap- An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa-
proach – 148 ADAPTIVE OPTICS coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca-
Design of the GNC System for a New LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the pabilities for Installed Cooling
Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele- Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Tele- Fans – 408
scope – 414 scope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363
Reduced Order Modeling in Control of
Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active ADENOVIRUSES Open Cavity Acoustics – 2
Noise Control for Hearing Protection and An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of AERODYNAMIC STABILITY
Communication – 410 Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy
Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science
Agents – 238
Investigating Double Hearing Protection Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra-
using Human Subjects – 411 PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chi- tors – 2
ISS Internal Active Thermal Control Sys- meric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer
Gene Therapy – 246 AERODYNAMICS
tem (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Close Formation Flight of Micro-
Project -2006 Update – 80 Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49
ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can-
cer – 246 Experimental Investigation of the Aerody-
Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448 namic Ground Effect of a Tailless
ACTUATORS ADHESION Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing
An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Flaps – 2
Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133 Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104
Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of-
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren- Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation
dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora- Spray – 94 Control – 31
tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- ADHESIVE BONDING AEROELASTICITY
bits – 59
Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Defor-
Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua- Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 mations for a Homogeneous Beam at
tors – 106 Varying Tip Loads and Pitch
ADHESIVES Angles – 14
System Dynamics and Control System
Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Com-
for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
posite Adhesives – 106
and Fast Tool Servo – 125
U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
ACUITY Implementing Aerospace Commission
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Recommendations, and Remaining
Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives
Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Challenges – 425
Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109
ADAPTATION AERONAUTICAL SATELLITES
AEROACOUSTICS
AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Performance, Capacity and Limitations
Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi-
Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptiv- of AMSS Communications – 116
span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the
ity and Trust Management – 384
NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- Simulation and Performance of Data
Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265 nel – 1 Communication using AMSS – 12
A-2
AEROSOLS NASA Technologies for Product Identifi- AIR POLLUTION
Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the cation – 44 Development of All-Solid-State Sensors
Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulon- National Security Space Policy in the for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am-
imbus Clouds – 195 U.S. and Europe. Trends and monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp-
Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: Choices – 34 tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex-
CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role haust Streams – 419
Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems
in Gulf War Illness – 250 Analysis Capabilities – 375
High Resolution Spectroscopy to Sup-
In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean port Atmospheric Measurements – 185
Color and Aerosol Products – 200 AEROSPACE VEHICLES Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxi-
Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using dation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. An-
Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor the Autonomous Formation Flying Sen-
Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 nual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30,
sor – 56 2005 – 187
AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
AFRICA International Symposium on Site Charac-
A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com- terization for CO(sub 2) Geological Stor-
parison with Conventional Sys- Breast Cancer in African American
Women: Molecular Analysis of Differ- age – 187
tems – 35
ences in Incidence and Out- RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
Comparison of Communication Architec- comes – 202 (RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center,
tures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Annual Report for 2005 – 185
Systems – 25 China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107
Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Globalness: Toward a Space Power gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality
Theory – 33 Overweight and Obesity in African Ameri-
cans and Caucasians – 230 Pollution Prevention and Control Tech-
Manufacture and Experimental Analysis nology Used in Shipyards and Similar
of a Concentrated Strain Based Deploy- Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Industries – 435
able Truss Structure – 32 Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245
AIR QUALITY
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 AGGLOMERATION RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles (RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center,
The Apollo Expericence Lessons Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Annual Report for 2005 – 185
Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Chondrites – 190
AIR SAMPLING
Management – 458 Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstra-
AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, tion Field Sampling Report: Robins Air
NASA Utilization of the International Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Com- Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69
Space Station and the Vision for Space position, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule
Size – 190 AIR TO AIR REFUELING
Exploration – 259
Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Fly-
New Techniques in Space Weather Fore- AGING ing Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9
casting – 40 Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact
Air Force Aerial Refueling – 10
Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Is- Events on the LL Parent Body – 455
sues and Solutions – 33 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
AIR BREATHING ENGINES
A Human Factors Review of the Opera-
Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- A Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage- tional Error Literature – 6
tonics for Space Applications – 34 To-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Ve-
hicles – 39 An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing
AEROSPACE INDUSTRY Control Policies and the Dynamic
U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in AIR CARGO Service-Time Performance of a
Implementing Aerospace Commission Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Man-
Recommendations, and Remaining Commonly Used Quantities by the Air agement Facility – 12
Challenges – 425 Cargo Industry – 6 Human Factors Considerations for Area
AEROSPACE MEDICINE Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce-
AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold dures – 11
Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For
Environments – 271
Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu- Operational Concept for Flight Crews to
Challenges of Human Space rity – 165 Participate in Merging and Spacing of
Flight – 444 Aircraft – 4
AIR CURRENTS
U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in
Readiness – 273 Role of Deep Convection in Establishing
the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor Implementing Aerospace Commission
AEROSPACE SCIENCES in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Recommendations, and Remaining
SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Challenges – 425
Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science AIR LOCKS
AIR TRAFFIC
Roadmap Presentation – 48 Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the
Next Generation Airlocks – 142 Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Through-
AEROSPACE SYSTEMS put and Traffic Delays Using Self Sepa-
Fission Surface Power for the Explora- AIR MASSES ration Procedures – 4
tion and Colonization of Mars – 175 Turbulence and mountain wave condi- Operational Concept for Flight Crews to
tions observed with an airborne 2-micron Participate in Merging and Spacing of
Mixed-Signal Electronics Technology for
lidar – 25 Aircraft – 4
Space (MSETS) – 128
NASA Langley Research Center Sys- AIR NAVIGATION AIR TRANSPORTATION
tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas-
Participation in the Exploration Systems Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation sengers: Recommendation of the 9/11
Architecture Study – 459 System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12 Commission and Related Issues – 7
A-3
Global En Route Basing Infrastructure AIRCRAFT PILOTS Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are
Location Model – 21 Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in
Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in the Operational Environment – 264
Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Through-
put and Traffic Delays Using Self Sepa- the Operational Environment – 264 Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to
ration Procedures – 4 AIRCRAFT SAFETY Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness
Turbulence and mountain wave condi- during Sustained Operations – 273
NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta-
tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) tions observed with an airborne 2-micron (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant
Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 lidar – 25 Combination for Maintaining Alertness
AIRCRAFT and Performance in a Context of Con-
National Airspace System Moderniza- tinuous Operations) – 269
tion: Observations on Potential Funding Experimental Investigation of the Aerody-
Options for FAA and the Next Generation namic Ground Effect of a Tailless Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain
Airspace System – 11 Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Performance in the Operational Environ-
Flaps – 2 ment – 272
AIRBORNE LASERS
Simulation of Weapons Release from Strategies to Improve Alertness during
Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Con- Cargo Aircraft – 8 Extended Deployments – 263
gress – 158
The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 14 Support of Mission and Work Scheduling
AIRBORNE RADAR by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value
Analytical Determination of Airborne Ra- in Security Operations – 20 The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain
dar Response to Extraneous In-
AIRFOILS Physical and Cognitive Function during
puts – 155
Continuous Operations – 274
Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma-
AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS chinery Airfoils – 142 Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
A Human Factors Review of the Opera- and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
tional Error Literature – 6 Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16
tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous
Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Air- Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
AIRCRAFT APPROACH SPACING foil – 15 load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
Operational Concept for Flight Crews to agement Tools – 267
Participate in Merging and Spacing of AIRFRAMES
Aircraft – 4 Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi- ALGAE
span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the Verification and Validation of NASA-
AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATION NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- Supported Enhancements to the Near
Simulation and Performance of Data nel – 1 Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
Communication using AMSS – 12 ing System (HABSOS) – 173
AIRLINE OPERATIONS
AIRCRAFT CONTROL An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing ALGEBRA
Development and Flight Testing of a Control Policies and the Dynamic A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob-
Neural Network Based Flight Control Service-Time Performance of a lem – 351
System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Man-
agement Facility – 12 Representations of Quasi-Newton Matri-
AIRCRAFT DESIGN ces and Their Use in Limited Memory
Aviation Security-Related Findings and Methods – 391
A Generic Multibody Parachute Simula- Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis-
tion Model – 13 sion – 7 Toward Direct Sparse Updates of
F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Cholesky Factors – 350
Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas-
Background, Status, and Issues – 24 sengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 ALGORITHMS
NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Commission and Related Issues – 7 A Geometric Algorithm for Automated
Directorate Mission and Trade Study NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta- Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manu-
Analysis – 374 tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) facturing Multi-Material Objects – 161
AIRCRAFT ENGINES Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 A Global Convergence Theory for Gen-
AIRPORTS eral Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for
Proposed Termination of Joint Strike
Equality Constrained Optimiza-
Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate En- Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Through-
tion – 347
gine – 19 put and Traffic Delays Using Self Sepa-
ration Procedures – 4 A Global Convergence Theory for the
AIRCRAFT LANDING Celis-Dennis-Tapia Trust Region Algo-
Optimal Geometric Deployment of a AIRSPACE
rithm for Constrained Optimiza-
Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation Operational Concept for Flight Crews to tion – 345
System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12 Participate in Merging and Spacing of
Aircraft – 4 A Memoryless Augmented Gauss-
AIRCRAFT MANEUVERS Newton Method for Nonlinear Least-
ALCOHOLS Squares Problems – 360
Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu-
vers – 31 Motivational Interventions to Reduce Al-
cohol Use in a Military Population – 245 A New Large-Scale Global Optimization
Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Method and Its Application to Lennard-
Participate in Merging and Spacing of On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida- Jones Problems – 356
Aircraft – 4 tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol
Sprays – 83 A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob-
AIRCRAFT NOISE lem – 351
ALERTNESS
Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Con-
A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In-
Propagation in Aircraft Noise Predic- strained Optimization – 359
vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for
tion – 409
Maintaining Alertness and Performance A Variable-Metric Variant of the Kar-
Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory in Sustained Military Ground Opera- markar Algorithm for Linear Program-
Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 tions – 240 ming – 348
A-4
An Algorithm for the Accurate Localiza- Pattern Search Methods in the Presence ALTITUDE CONTROL
tion of Sounds – 137 of Degeneracy – 362 Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Forma-
An Investigation Into Robust Wind Cor- Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for tion Control: Stable Mode-Switching and
rection Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Un- Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal Cross-Coupling – 50
manned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 15 Nets – 326
ALUMINATES
Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Regularization Through Feature Knock Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar-
Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Out – 338 ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95
Orders of Magnitude – 290
Scalable Detection and Optimization of
Application of a Relative Motion Guid- N-ARY Linkages – 385 ALUMINUM ALLOYS
ance Algorithm to Formation Reassign- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
ment – 59 Second Order Behavior of Pattern
Search – 389
Combining Variable Selection with Di- Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
mensionality Reduction – 371 SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints
Development and Validation Testbed: Evaluation and Improvements – 101
Computation of Delays in Acyclical Dis- Current Progress and Beyond – 55
tributed Decisionmaking Organiza- Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
tions – 429 Stability Results in Learning 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99
Theory – 395
Confidence Bands for ROC ALUMINUM COATINGS
Curves – 330 Successive Column Correction Algo-
rithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Sys- Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
DARPA Integrated Sensing and Process- tems of Equations – 348 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100
ing (ISP) Program. Approximation Meth-
ods for Markov Decision Problems in Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS
Sensor Management – 363 The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite- High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave
Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Propagation and Impact Damage in
Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot
Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347 Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride
Free Codes – 217
(AION) – 114
Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the
Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Hessian in Constrained Optimiza- ALUMINUM ISOTOPES
Optimization Algorithm – 356 tion – 351 Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous-
Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimi- chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to
in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 zation – 192 Melt Asteroids – 193
Fast Rates for Regularized Least- Verification of a Decision Level Fusion ALUMINUM OXIDES
Squares Algorithm – 371 Algorithm Using a Proven ATR System
and Measured SAR Data – 352 Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior
Fast Video Stabilization Algo- of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg.
rithms – 361 ALIGNMENT Fiber Orientation – 90
Formation Algorithms and Simulation Application of the Strategic Alignment Effects of Frequency and Environment
Testbed – 444 Model and Information Technology Gov- on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide
ernance Concepts to Support Network Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg.
Gradient Flow Based Matrix Joint Diago- Centric Warfare – 323 C – 88
nalization for Independent Component
Analysis – 389 Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment
ALUMINUM
Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The
Multiple-Event Location Using the National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Al-
Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Tech- rich Chondrule from the Semarkona Me-
nique – 290 Novel Techniques and Their Applications teorite – 456
for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of
Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Welded Structures (The National Ship- Friction Stir Processing and Fusion
Riccati Equations – 354 building Research Program) – 162 Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller
Navigation Algorithms for Formation Fly- Bronze – 95
ALLERGIC DISEASES
ing Missions – 52 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave
Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-D Glu- Propagation and Impact Damage in
Object-Oriented Design and Implemen- cosamine Polymer Particles Down-
tation of Computer Chess – 303 Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride
Regulates Airway Allergic Re- (AION) – 114
On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with sponses – 232
Outliers and Missing Observa- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
tions – 359 ALLOCATIONS gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Application of Piecewise Linear Control Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints
Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods Guidance and Control – 40 Evaluation and Improvements – 101
for Constrained Optimization – 351
On the Convergence of the Mizuno- ALTERNATING CURRENT
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium
Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum
of the Solution Set – 349 Digital Media – 429 Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft)
Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian New Perspectives for Power Transmis- Patrol Boat – 101
Causal Structures Discovery – 436 sion in the European Liberalized Electric-
ity Market and Possible Role of Four- ALUM
Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc-
Phase Systems – 132 Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for
tion – 360
Decomposition of Chemical Warfare
Optimization on Microcomputers: The ALTERNATIVES Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and
Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347 The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 15 QL – 95
A-5
AMERICAN INDIANS ANALYSIS (MATHEMATICS) ANISOTROPY
Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De- On the Convergence of the Mizuno- Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Model-
tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center ling of Textured Metals and Validation
at Remote Military of Native American of the Solution Set – 349 Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact
Health Care Facilities – 231 Test – 99
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
AMIDES A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive
Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Stan- Liquid Crystals – 94
ides and Copolyimides – 75 dards (The National Shipbuilding Re-
search Program) – 367 ANNEALING
AMINO ACIDS Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced
Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Investigation of Factors Affecting the Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Brec-
Soluble Extracts Protect Against Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ra- cia – 457
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures tio Discriminant – 370
From Rat Forebrain – 223 Postshock Annealing and Postannealing
Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Air-
Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chon-
AMMONIA foil – 15
drites: Implications for the Thermal and
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors ANEMIAS Shock Histories of Chondritic Aster-
for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee oids – 456
monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp- Children from Burma – 87 Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD
tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex-
ANESTHETICS a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro-
haust Streams – 419
Development of a Physiologically Based gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet-
AMMUNITION Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthet- ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain
Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded ics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflu- Growth – 183
Ordnance (UXO) Detection System De- rane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) – 217 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post-
veloped by Geophysical Solu- Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188
tions – 153 ANGIOGENESIS
Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt
Fluidized Bed Biodenitrification Pro- for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can- Breccia that Experienced Post-shock An-
cess – 86 cer – 246 nealing – 457
Progress in the Development of a Mul-
tiphase Turbulent Model of the ANGLE OF ATTACK ANOMALIES
Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am- Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec- Automated Discovery of Mimicry At-
munition Primer – 147 tion and Force/Moment Genera- tacks – 380
tion – 32
Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK
Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of- Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications
Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and
in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes Control – 31 Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189
IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for ANGLES (GEOMETRY)
Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108 ANTENNA ARRAYS
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Measurement of the Propagation Con-
AMORPHOUS MATERIALS
Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Array (Preprint) – 137
Temperature Magnetic Material for Measurement for Inclining Experi-
PWR – 74 ments – 307 Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for
ANGULAR DISTRIBUTION Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wire-
AMORPHOUS SILICON less Multicast Networks – 402
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- Automating the Modeling of the SEE
tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as Cross Section’s Angular Depen- Studies of Enhanced Performance of the
the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 dence – 419 Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Obser-
ANGULAR RESOLUTION vation and Space Weather – 447
SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur-
ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor- Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis- Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code
phous Silicon – 173 sion – 53 Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed
GNC System for the Deployment and for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135
AMOUNT
Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strate-
Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Interferometer – 443 gies for Large DSN Arrays – 46
Cargo Industry – 6 ANIMALS ANTENNA COMPONENTS
AMPLITUDES Development of Methods for the Real- A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-
Investigation of Factors Affecting the Time and Rapid Identification and Detec- Phase Time Transfer – 135
Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ra- tion of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluo-
tio Discriminant – 371 rescence Spectroscopy of the ANTHROPOMETRY
Eye – 251
ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTERS Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Siz-
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 ANIMATION ing – 279
How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful
ANALOGIES Animations for Teaching and Research ANTIAIRCRAFT MISSILES
Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camta- Critical Technology Events in the Devel-
Vertical Fragmentation – 281 sia(TradeMark) – 287 opment of the Stinger and Javelin Missile
Systems: Project Hindsight Revis-
ANALOGS ANIONS ited – 441
Photoelectric Emission Measurements Feasibility Study for the Reduction of
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous ANTIBIOTICS
Grains – 450 Anions – 83 Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107
A-6
ANTIBODIES Electrochemically Generated Oxidant APPROXIMATION
Associations Between Responses to the Disinfection in the Use of Individual Wa- A Finite Difference Approximation for a
Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen ter Purification Devices – 89 Coupled System of Nonlinear Size-
of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- Structured Populations – 353
to Malaria Infection – 202 vidual Water Purification Devices – 89 Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in
Selected Environmental Factors of H2(II+) – 396
Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of
Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Individual Water Purification De- Approximation Methods for Inverse Prob-
Deployment in Afghanistan and Health vices – 402 lems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic
Status Markers after their Homecom- Systems – 347
ing – 271 ANTITANK MISSILES
Critical Technology Events in the Devel- Conservative Analytical Collision Prob-
ANTIFOULING abilities for Orbital Formation Fly-
opment of the Stinger and Javelin Missile
Marine Coatings Performance for Differ- Systems: Project Hindsight Revis- ing – 56
ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 ited – 441 DARPA Integrated Sensing and Process-
National Shipbuilding Research Pro- ing (ISP) Program. Approximation Meth-
ANVIL CLOUDS ods for Markov Decision Problems in
gram. Performance Testing of Marine
Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Pro- CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Sensor Management – 363
cedures – 68 Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans- On the Poisson Equation for Countable
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- port and Entrainment using Observations Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 and Parameter Dependence by Probabi-
Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of listic Methods – 346
CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship- APERTURES AQUIFERS
yards – 72 Analysis of the Optical Design for the Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and
SAFIR Telescope – 416 Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area,
ANTIGENS
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- Development and Testing of a Power Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 170
sion System for Proteomic Analy- Trough System Using a Structurally- ARC WELDING
sis – 241 Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
Automatic Submerged ARC Welding
Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass
Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Func- With Metal Power Additions to Increase
Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
tions of Prostate Specific Membrane An- Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164
tion – 180
tigen – 206 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Electromagnetic Formation Flight
Associations Between Responses to the gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
(EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62
Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the
of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity APOPTOSIS Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored
to Malaria Infection – 202 Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Arc Welding Electrodes – 101
Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 248 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Gen-
eration of Molecular Probes Capable of Development of Novel Bifunctional Com- gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium
Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu pounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip
Peptide Complex – 247 Cancer Cells – 232 Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With
Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac-
Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpres- ing – 102
and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu- sion of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A
Tracking System for Automatic Welding.
mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can- Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resis-
Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip
cer – 210 tance to Herceptin – 214
Life for Through-the-Arc Welding Sys-
Novel Antigen Identification Method for Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres- tem – 163
Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can-
ARCHITECTURE (COMPUTERS)
by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En- cer – 227
coding Exons from the Parasite Ge- Architectural Support for Extensibility
XIAP as a Molecular Target for Thera- and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed
nome – 224
peutic Intervention in Prostate Can- Object Systems – 293
Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate cer – 209
Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture
APPLICATIONS OF MATHEMATICS for Feedback Control of Software Perfor-
Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation Identification of Connectivity in Neural mance – 296
in Prostate Cancer – 251 Networks – 340 Creating Agile Business through Service-
ANTIHISTAMINICS Oriented Architecture – 284
APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COMPUT-
Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, ERS) Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Ar-
Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog- ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture chitectures: Reliable Computing with Un-
nitive Performance During Sleep Depri- for Feedback Control of Software Perfor- reliable Devices – 293
vation – 257 mance – 297 Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning
ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTIBACTERI- Failure Assessment – 315 With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336
ALS
TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Multidisciplinary Environments: A History
Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 of Engineering Framework Develop-
Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations
ANTISEPTICS and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems ment – 317
Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use Using Tensor Methods – 356 Polymorphous Computing Architecture
of Individual Water Purification De- APPROACH CONTROL (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements
vices – 89 on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292
Operational Concept for Flight Crews to
Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- Participate in Merging and Spacing of Software Architecture of PSET: A Page
vidual Water Purification Devices – 231 Aircraft – 4 Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit – 300
A-7
Studies on Architecture and Control Sensor Management for Fighter Applica- SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High-
Technology for Optical Packet tions – 15 Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51
Switches – 127 StreetScenes: Towards Scene Under- Station-Keeping Requirements for Astro-
Web-based Open Tool Integration standing in Still Images – 335 nomical Imaging with Constellations of
Framework – 299 Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring Free-Flying Collectors – 55
ARCS System (TAO ITS) – 308 ASYMMETRY
Formations Near the Libration Points: ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES Story Link Detection and New Event De-
Design Strategies Using Natural and tection are Asymmetric – 330
Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satel-
Non-Natural Arcs – 49 ASYMPTOTIC METHODS
lite Formations for the Purpose of Space-
AREA NAVIGATION Based Remote Sensing – 41 Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction
Human Factors Considerations for Area LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti-
Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce- Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free- mation – 350
dures – 11 Free Boundary Conditions – 38 On Stabilization with a Prescribed Re-
ARGON ISOTOPES Military Space Programs: Issues Con- gion of Asymptotic Stability – 392
Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact cerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Pro- ASYMPTOTIC PROPERTIES
Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 grams – 41 Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Sys-
ARGON LASERS Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Sub- tems in Correlated Noise with Non-
Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use systems for End-to-End Spacecraft Mod- Gaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic
in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Sys- eling – 38 Behavior of the Difference Between the
tem – 144 MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367
Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation
for Small Satellites – 3 Families of Liapunov Functions for Non-
ARIZONA
linear Systems in Critical Cases – 394
Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central
Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Gravitational Field – 34 On Stabilization with a Prescribed Re-
Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 170 gion of Asymptotic Stability – 392
ASCENT TRAJECTORIES
ARMED FORCES (UNITED STATES) ASYMPTOTIC SERIES
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren-
Course Curriculum Development for the dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora- Detecting Periodic Components in a
Future Cyberwarrior – 431 tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- White Gaussian Time Series – 192
Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduc- bits – 59 ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION
tion Systems for Family Maltreatment, ASIA Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
Suicidality, and Substance Problems in Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Observations by the Cassini Infrared
the USAF – 257 Potential Implications – 23 Spectrometer – 447
Motivational Interventions to Reduce Al- ATMOSPHERIC MODELS
ASSAYING
cohol Use in a Military Population – 244 CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective
A Microplate Assay for the Determination
Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220
Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
from April 1, 2003, through March 31, ASSIMILATION port and Entrainment using Observations
2004 – 253 WindSat Applications for Weather Fore- and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
casters and Data Assimilation – 194 Global Reference Atmospheric Models,
Wireless Sensor Network Applications
for the Combat Air Forces – 8 ASTHMA Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve-
nus and Earth – 452
ARMOR Call-Center Based Disease Management
of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235 ATOMS
Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Sig-
nals to a Covert Tactile Communication ASTRONAUTS COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical
System in a Dynamic Environ- Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92
Changes in Space Food over the Last 45
ment – 118 Years – 221 Model Development and Inverse Com-
pensator Design for High Speed Nan-
ARRAYS Nutrition Issues for Space Explora-
opositioning – 133
A Computational Model for Sound Field tion – 221
Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision ATTACK AIRCRAFT
ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORIES
6) – 134 F-22A Raptor – 22
NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 – 447
A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com- ATTENUATION
parison with Conventional Sys- ASTRONOMY Experimentation to Address Appropriate
tems – 35 Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Test Techniques for Measuring the At-
Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear-
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447 ing Protectors – 410
Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in
Reinforcement Learning – 334 ASTROPHYSICS ATTITUDE CONTROL
Design of the GNC System for a New An Overview of the Formation and Atti-
Confidence Bands for ROC
Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele- tude Control System for the Terrestrial
Curves – 330
scope – 414 Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer-
Development of Mathematical Models of ometer – 54
First Formation Flying Demonstration
Immune Networks Intended for Informa-
Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three
tion Security Assurance – 326
Nulling – 54 Formation Flying Micro Satellites in
Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning GTO – 57
Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-)
With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336
and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of
Robot Localization Using Visual Image Interaction in Astronomical Environ- Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free-
Mapping – 331 ment – 449 Free Boundary Conditions – 38
A-8
Proceedings from the 2nd International Knowledge Representation in PARKA. AVIATION METEOROLOGY
Symposium on Formation Flying Mis- Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En- New Technologies for Reducing Aviation
sions and Technologies – 47 hancements – 337 Weather-Related Accidents – 24
Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement AVIONICS
Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receiv- Use among Elite U.S. Army Sol- Accurate Formation Flying Design and
ers – 57 diers – 438 Validation for the Darwin Precursor Dem-
The Precision Formation Flying Inte- Studies of Enhanced Performance of the onstration Mission – 50
grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Obser- Comparison of Communication Architec-
ATTITUDE (INCLINATION) vation and Space Weather – 447 tures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren- Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Systems – 25
dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora- Project - Canada – 337 Electronics Shielding and Reliability De-
tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- AURORAS sign Tools – 47
bits – 59 High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen- AWACS AIRCRAFT
LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should
Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Tele- by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech-
scope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363 BBELF Turbulence – 417 nical Data Needs to Support Weapon
Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation AUTOCORRELATION Systems – 17
for Small Satellites – 3 Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction AXIAL FLOW
AUDIO EQUIPMENT Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti- Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Com-
Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation mation – 350 pressors: A Parametric Study – 146
Paths into the Human Head – 410 Strong Consistency of the Contraction Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Com-
AUDIO FREQUENCIES Mapping Method for Frequency Estima- pressors: A Parametric Study – 148
tion – 370
3-D Audio: Military Applications and Sym- AZIDES (INORGANIC)
bology – 410 AUTOMATA THEORY NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology
AUDIOLOGY Language Stability and Stabilizability of and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transpla-
Discrete Event Dynamical Sys- cental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in
Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S.
tems – 383 Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in
Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics
from April 1, 2003, through March 31, AUTOMATIC CONTROL Utero Studies) – 65
2004 – 253 Cognitive Performance in Operational AZIDES (ORGANIC)
Environments – 266 NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology
AUDITORY DEFECTS
Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of Generalized Physical Networks for Auto- and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transpla-
Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Litera- mated Model Building – 388 cental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in
ture Study – 410 Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in
AUTOMATIC PILOTS Utero Studies) – 65
Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory An Investigation Into Robust Wind Cor-
Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 rection Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Un- AZORES
manned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 16 Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field,
Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Azores, Portugal – 144
Personnel – 20 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian B STARS
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Search for the Decay of Neutral B Me-
Military Personnel – 187 Time Structure during Long Duration
Flights in Man – 277 sons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a
Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detec-
Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics AUTONOMY tor – 401
from April 1, 2003, through March 31, Architectural Support for Extensibility
and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed BACILLUS
2004 – 253
Object Systems – 293 Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im-
AUDITORY PERCEPTION mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph-
Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis
Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory
Formation Flying Micro Satellites in Survival – 219
Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21
GTO – 57
Organization of Response Areas in Fer- Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a
Contingency Software in Autonomous Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill-
ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220
Systems: Technical Level Brief- ness Resembling Inhalation An-
Representation of Spectral Profiles in the ing – 316 thrax – 224
Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of
Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super- BACK INJURIES
Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple
Phases – 412 Network – 117
Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per-
Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter
AUDITORY SIGNALS
Flying Demonstration – 58 Pilots – 267
Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for
Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Prevention of Low Back Com-
Flights: A Human Factors Ap- Control of an Autonomous Underwater plaints – 277
proach – 10 Vehicle – 394
BACTERIAL DISEASES
The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of
Localisation – 409 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Individual Water Purification De-
Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using vices – 402
AUGMENTATION
the Autonomous Formation Flying Sen- BACTERIA
Experimental Study of Deflagration-to-
sor – 56
Detonation Enhancement Techniques in A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres-
a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En- Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for sion System for Proteomic Analy-
gine – 27 Formation Flying Missions – 48 sis – 241
A-9
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of BASALT BEND TESTS
Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro- The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon-
teins – 254 Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for
Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Com- Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im-
Structural Protein Units by the Integrated position Sensitivity to Variations in pact Damage Thresholds – 78
Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Source and Process – 173
BENDING
Spectrometry – 235 BATCH PROCESSING Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Improving Military Recruit Quality Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The
Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill- Through Smart Classification Technol- National Shipbuilding Program) – 100
ness Resembling Inhalation An- ogy – 305
BETATRONS
thrax – 224 BAUSCHINGER EFFECT
Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays
Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm FEA Software for Determination of Re- Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407
in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 sidual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes
for a Range of Gun Steels With Bausch- BIAS
BALANCING inger Effect – 104 Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Het-
Balancing Multiple Sources of Reward in BAYES THEOREM erojunction Field Effect Transistors and
Reinforcement Learning – 334 A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an its Implications – 137
GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Posi- Unknown Number of Targets Based on BINARY DATA
tion in Space – 46 Sensor Performance – 372 Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Ca-
Bayesian Model Averaging: Develop- pacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298
BALLAST (MASS) ment of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene
Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Ver- Selection and Classification Tool for Mi- BINDERS (MATERIALS)
sus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks- croarray Data – 244 Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as
Five Year Report – 71 a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105
Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mix-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- ture Estimation and Model-Based Clus- BIOASTRONAUTICS
gram. Evaluation of New Surface Prepa- tering – 368 NASA Utilization of the International
ration and Coating Repair Techniques in Computing Trust from Revision His- Space Station and the Vision for Space
Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 tory – 435 Exploration – 259
BALLISTICS Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian BIOCHEMISTRY

A Simple Data Logging System for Bal- Causal Structures Discovery – 436 Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Func-
listic Applications – 135 Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation tionally Active Form – 233
Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Aver- Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibil-
Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for
aging – 198 ity of PTD-Mediated Translocation of
Functionally Graded Propellants – 111
BAYS (STRUCTURAL UNITS) Proteins Across Artificial Mem-
BALLS branes – 240
A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control
Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style BIODEGRADABILITY
Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Bays – 13 Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization
Joint – 405 of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode-
BEACHES
Including Nearshore Processes in gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 246
BANDPASS FILTERS
Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Mod- BIODEGRADATION
A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with
els – 391 Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization
Integrated TEM Transmission
Lines – 129 BEAM INTERACTIONS of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode-
Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 246
BANDWIDTH Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 BIOFILMS
Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF
BEAM NEUTRALIZATION Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm
for Remotely Controlling Lambda-
Paths – 127 Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy in Young Permanent Teeth – 244
Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 407 BIOINSTRUMENTATION
Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bun-
dling and Filtration in Large-Scale Dis- BEAM STEERING Design and Performance of GMR Sen-
tributed Simulations – 136 Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro-
the Polarized Positron Production Ex- beads in Biosensors – 400
for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator periment – 156 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
and Fast Tool Servo – 125 BEAMFORMING NASA Utilization of the International
Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for Space Station and the Vision for Space
BARRELS (CONTAINERS) Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wire- Exploration – 259
The Role of the Neurofibromin- less Multicast Networks – 402
Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu- BIOMAGNETISM
lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling BEAMS (RADIATION) Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 235 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Biomagnetic Interfacing Con-
Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed cepts – 259
BARYONS for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135
BIOMARKERS
Charm Baryon Studies at BaBAR – 422
BED REST Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inha-
Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a lation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biom-
(sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss arkers and Time Course of Lung Inflam-
BaBar – 401 Associated with Spaceflight – 255 mation – 227
A-10
Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po- Design of the GNC System for a New BOILERS
tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap- Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele- Method and Apparatus for the Portable
plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the scope – 414 Identification Of Material Thickness And
Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa- Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using
X-ray Observations of the Black Hole
tients – 243 Spatially Controlled Heat Applica-
Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of
BIOMASS X-ray Activity – 449 tion – 113
Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler
Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on BLOCK COPOLYMERS Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1,
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87
Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-
BIOMEDICAL DATA Styrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 BONDED JOINTS
Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War- Analysis of Bonded Elastic
fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature BLOCKING Blocks – 110
Survey 1990-2005 – 248 Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to
BONDING
Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Ana-
lytical Solutions and Approxima- Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc-
Research – 226 ture and Bonding – 75
tions – 343
BIOMETRICS Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal
Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: BLOOD CELLS for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mat-
9/11 Commission Recommendations Development of Novel Bifunctional Com- ing Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding
and Related Issues – 260 pounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Research Program) – 144
Cancer Cells – 232
BIOMIMETICS The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based Naviga- BLOOD CIRCULATION gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
tion – 330 Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives
during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109
BIONICS
Duty – 257 BONE DEMINERALIZATION
Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Un-
certainty and Variability in Biological Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a
Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242 Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss
Model – 202 Associated with Spaceflight – 255
BLOOD FLOW
BIOPROCESSING Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow BONES
Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted
Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Duty – 257 Sound – 19
Cells, Tissues, and Medical De-
vices – 254 BLOOD GROUPS Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and
Contact Microphones – 121
BIOTECHNOLOGY Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply
HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assess- with Special Provision for Experiences in Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and
ment of Toxic Hazards in Operational ISAF 2003 – 270 Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242
Environments – 265 BOOSTER ROCKET ENGINES
BLOOD VESSELS
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN)
Biomagnetic Interfacing Con- and Surgical Simulation – 230 the New Paradigm for Booster Rock-
cepts – 259 ets – 42
BLOOD VOLUME
BIPOLARITY BORON
Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply
Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re-
with Special Provision for Experiences in
Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag- combination at Light-Induced Boron-
ISAF 2003 – 270
netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174
Alone – 461 BLOOD BOROSILICATE GLASS
BIREFRINGENCE Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply Macroscopic Cracking Determination in
Polarization-mode Dispersion and its with Special Provision for Experiences in LaBS Glass – 97
Mitigation – 127 ISAF 2003 – 270
BOUNDARIES
BISMUTH BLOWING Shape Representation in V4: Investigat-
Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Optical and Mechanical Properties of ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound-
Propulsion – 61 Glass Blown In Vacuo – 160 ary Confirmation with the Standard
BIT ERROR RATE Model of Object Recognition – 252
BODY TEMPERATURE
Research and Development of 160 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian
Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Proto- Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Nu-
Time Structure during Long Duration
type and Related Technologies – 117 merical Simulation of Unsteady Electro-
Flights in Man – 277
BIVARIATE ANALYSIS magnetic Waves – 403
Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of
Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densi- Wearing New Biological and Chemical Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave
ties – 365 Protective Combat Uniforms in Transformation – 377
BLACK HOLES (ASTRONOMY) MOPP 1 – 275 LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of
Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Va- Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free-
BOEING 777 AIRCRAFT Free Boundary Conditions – 38
uum Decay – 397
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the BOUNDARY LAYER SEPARATION
Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC
Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 nel – 1 Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133
A-11
Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec- Identification of Potential Therapeutic BUCKLING
tion and Force/Moment Genera- Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Scaling of Energy Absorption in Compos-
tion – 31 Cancer – 213 ites to Enhance Survivability – 79
BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen BUFFERS
and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu- Studies on Architecture and Control
A Finite Difference Approximation for a
Coupled System of Nonlinear Size- mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can- Technology for Optical Packet
cer – 210 Switches – 127
Structured Populations – 353
Protein Transduction Based Therapies
BRAIN DAMAGE for Breast Cancer – 238 BUILDINGS
A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Homeland Security Grant Formulas: A
Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen Comparison of Formula Provisions in S.
Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors
of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic 21 and H.R. 1544, 109th Con-
of Outcome – 249
Breast Cancer – 205 gress – 168
BRAIN Selenium and Breast Cancer The Interagency Security Committee and
A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Growth – 235 Security Standards for Federal Build-
Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors ings – 167
Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT-
of Outcome – 249
077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preopera- White Sands Missile Range Urban
Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres- tively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single
sion and Function of Vanilloid and En- Cancer – 236 Building Part 1: Background and Over-
docannabinoid Receptors – 216 view – 143
Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecu-
Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: lar Target in Breast Cancer – 229 BULGARIA
CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role
BREATHING APPARATUS Commercial and Technical Evaluation of
in Gulf War Illness – 250
Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With the Application of Gas Turbine Technol-
BREADBOARD MODELS 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256 ogy in Industrial Plants in Bulgaria – 26
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for BREEDER REACTORS BUNA (TRADEMARK)
DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 Effects of Heat Treatment and Formula- Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess-
BREAKWATERS tion on the Phase Composition and ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous
Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ce- Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of
Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database ramic Waste Form – 110 the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160
Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site:
Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break- BREMSSTRAHLUNG BURMA
water Systems – 194 An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Re- Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee
flection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Children from Burma – 87
BREAST Propulsion Device – 414
Breast Cancer in African American BUTADIENE
BRIGHTNESS Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3-
Women: Molecular Analysis of Differ-
ences in Incidence and Out- Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 Butadiene Decomposition – 90
comes – 202 High Brightness from an Unstable Reso- BUTT JOINTS
Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po- nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post-
print) – 157 Soviet Technique for Estimating Post-
tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap- Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding
plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the BRINES (The National Shipbuilding Research
Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa- Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor- Program) – 162
tients – 243 rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 81 gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98
Cancer Among Women by Ethnic- BROADBAND
ity – 209 C (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE)
R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in
the World – 127 Pipeline Optimization Program
cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Co-
(PLOP) – 377
operate With Estrogen to Promote Estro-
BROADCASTING
gen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquiti- C-17 AIRCRAFT
nation and Proteolysis in ER Negative Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence
and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405 Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program – 9
Breast Cancers – 250
Headline Generation for Written and CABIN ATMOSPHERES
Broadcast News – 432 The Exploration Water Recovery Sys-
eration of Molecular Probes Capable of
Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu tem – 442
BRONZES
Peptide Complex – 247 Friction Stir Processing and Fusion CABLES (ROPES)
Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Ef-
Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth Bronze – 96 fects of a Towline Using the Method of
and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 BRUSH SEALS Characteristics – 16
Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Tar- Continued Investigation of Leakage and CAFFEINE
get for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Power Loss Test Results for Competing Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to
Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 Turbine Engine Seals – 162 Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness
Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpres- BUBBLES during Sustained Operations – 274
sion of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Va- Strategies to Improve Alertness during
Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resis- uum Decay – 397 Extended Deployments – 263
tance to Herceptin – 214
Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain
Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua- Physical and Cognitive Function during
Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 tion – 147 Continuous Operations – 274
A-12
CALCIUM ATM Heterozygosity and the Develop- GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium
Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres- ment of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dys- Chemoprevention of Prostate-
sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can- function and Urinary Morbidity Following Cancer – 238
cer – 227 Radiotherapy for Prostate Can-
Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpres-
cer – 238
CALIBRATING sion of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A
A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resis-
Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom- Cancer Prevention and Control Coali- tance to Herceptin – 214
eters – 112 tion – 215 High Throughput Screen to Identify
Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima Breast Cancer in African American Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer
in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 Women: Molecular Analysis of Differ- Metastasis – 236
ences in Incidence and Out- Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes
Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. comes – 201
1 – 130 that Regulate Radiation Responses in
Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po- Prostate Cancer Cells – 211
In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean
tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap- Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor
Color and Aerosol Products – 200
plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Genes for Breast Cancer – 214
Method and Apparatus for the Portable Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa-
Identification Of Material Thickness And tients – 243 Identification of Potential Therapeutic
Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast
Spatially Controlled Heat Applica- Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Cancer – 213
tion – 113 Resveratrol – 239
Identify the Impact of TGF-Beta Signal-
Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of ing on the Stroma in the Progression of
Sharpness – 368 Black Men to Screening for Prostate Prostate Cancer – 234
Cancer – 233
Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for
Formation Flying Missions – 48 Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Radiosensitization of Prostate Can-
Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylg- cer – 215
Self-Calibrating Pressure Trans- lycerol in Prostate Cancer – 212
ducer – 160 Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen
Two Methods for Calibration Without A Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu-
Through Connection On A Three- Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 247 mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can-
Sampler Vector Analyzer – 283 cer – 210
Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast
Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strate- Cancer Among Women by Ethnic- Internet-Based Cervical Cytology
gies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 ity – 209 Screening Program – 232
cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Co- Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine In-
CALORIMETERS
operate With Estrogen to Promote Estro- ducer – 249
First Results with Prototype Detectors of
gen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquiti- Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Pros-
the Si/W ECAL – 406
nation and Proteolysis in ER Negative tate Cancer Radioresistance – 215
CAMERAS Breast Cancers – 250
Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based
Distributed Compression in Camera Sen- CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Gen- Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for
sor Networks – 308 eration of Molecular Probes Capable of Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246
Vision Based Localization in Urban Envi- Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu
Peptide Complex – 247 Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabo-
ronments – 155 lism and Progression From High-Grade
CANADA Development of Novel Bifunctional Com- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HG-
Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial pounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate PIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216
Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 18 Cancer Cells – 232
Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Pathway to Prevent the Development
Military Personnel – 187 Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth Hormone Resistant Prostate Can-
and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 cer – 210
Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey
Project - Canada – 337 Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning
the Incidence and Severity of Pros- for Radiotherapy of Prostate Can-
CANCER tate – 208 cer – 207
A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization
Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral
Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode-
Structures for Treatment of Urinary In-
Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245
continence After Prostate Cancer
Activation and Protection of Dendritic Spray – 209 Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres-
Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environ- sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can-
ment – 227 Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Tar-
get for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal cer – 227
Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate
Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Pros-
Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid
Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A tate Cancer – 213
Prostate Cancer – 205
Randomized Controlled Trial – 249 Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jew-
An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of ish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227
Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating
Agents – 237 Hormone Refractory Prostate Can- Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate
cer – 211 Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245
Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Func-
tions of Prostate Specific Membrane An- Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Can- Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol
tigen – 206 cer – 248 Hexaphosphate – 230
A-13
Protein Transduction Based Therapies Smart Structures and Wavelet Based Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano-
for Breast Cancer – 238 System Identification – 344 tubes: Ethical Implications and Human
PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chi- Risk Assessment – 201
CAPACITANCE
meric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Design of Current Impulse Genera- CARBON STEELS
Gene Therapy – 246 tor – 131
Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding
Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sens- of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Cast-
of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic ing – 127 ings (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Breast Cancer – 205 search Program) – 165
CAPACITORS
Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler
Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vas- Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters:
Very Large Time-Constant Cir- Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1,
cular Endothelium – 249 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87
cuits – 406
Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non- Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface
in Prostate Cancer – 251
Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifi- Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Com-
Regulation of p53 Activity by Reversible- ers – 405 plex Radioactive High Level Radioactive
Acetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppres- Waste – 97
sion – 206 High Energy Density Cryogenic Capaci-
tors – 138 CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES
Selenium and Breast Cancer
Growth – 235 Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous-
Conductive Media – 139 chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to
Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent Melt Asteroids – 193
for the Treatment of Prostate Can- CARBOHYDRATES
cer – 205 Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in
Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for
Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and
Compounds in Structure Control – 84 the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic
Mortality in Black and White Men in the
Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452
Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 CARBON DIOXIDE
Suppression of Prostate Cancer by International Symposium on Site Charac- Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low-
PTEN and p18INK4c – 218 terization for CO(sub 2) Geological Stor- FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules
age – 187 in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous
Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454
Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 Particle Image Velocimetry Using a
Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seed- Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict
The Clinical Development of Thalildo- and Host Grains in Chondrules in the
mide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor ing – 86
Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454
Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in
Commonly Used Quantities by the Air Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK
The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications
Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207 Cargo Industry – 6
for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and
Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189
Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
on Prostate Cancer – 250 CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship- Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post-
Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT- yards – 72 Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188
077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preopera-
CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLAS-
tively Treat Locally Advanced Breast TICS CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES
Cancer – 236
Identification of Materiel Damage in Two Characterization of Space Shuttle Ther-
Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors Dimensional Domains Using Squid mal Protection System (TPS) Materials
for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can- Based NDE System – 365 for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle
cer – 246 Columbia Accident Investigation – 45
CARBON FIBERS
Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecu- Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon-
lar Target in Breast Cancer – 229 Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Re-
inforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theo- Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for
XIAP as a Molecular Target for Thera- retical Computation and Experimental Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im-
peutic Intervention in Prostate Can- Validation of the Theory Using pact Damage Thresholds – 78
cer – 209 Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Com-
pounds – 80 CARBON
Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Func-
Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from
tion in Prostate Cells – 211 CARBON MONOXIDE the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For-
CANS CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective mation from H3 Chondrite Material by
Analytical Results of DWPF Glass Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- Possible Cometary Impact – 454
Sample Taken During Filling of Canister FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
S01913: Summary Report – 105 port and Entrainment using Observations CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants
CANTILEVER BEAMS of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate
CARBON NANOTUBES
Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sen- Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems
Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139
sors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue from Molecular Structure by
Resistance of Composite Laminates Un- Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon SPARC – 283
der Mode I Loading – 79 Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky CARBURIZING
Based Control of Transverse Beam Vi- Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of
brations: Experimental Implementa- Cells, Tissues, and Medical De- Army Main Battle Tank Compo-
tion – 403 vices – 254 nents – 99
A-14
CARCINOGENS CATHODIC COATINGS CERAMIC FIBERS
NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Ver- Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior
and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transpla- sus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks- of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg.
cental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in Five Year Report – 71 Fiber Orientation – 90
Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES
Utero Studies) – 65 CATIONS
Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior
CARDIOLOGY Semiconductors – 178 of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg.
Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Fiber Orientation – 90
Uptake Tests – 236 Electronic Structure Studies of High En-
ergy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 93 Effects of Frequency and Environment
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide
Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain dur- CAVITIES Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg.
ing Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavi- C – 88
ties – 401 CERAMICS
Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres-
sion and Function of Vanilloid and En- Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and
docannabinoid Receptors – 216 a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 Properties of Nanolaminated MAX
Phases – 139
Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics
Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vas- With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- Dynamic Compressive Responses and
cular Endothelium – 249 verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics
Under High Confinement – 94
Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De- Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm
tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 Effects of Heat Treatment and Formula-
at Remote Military of Native American tion on the Phase Composition and
Health Care Facilities – 231 Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ce-
Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 ramic Waste Form – 110
The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine
Particle Study – 222 CAVITY FLOW Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
Control of Acoustics and Store Separa- Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri-
CARGO AIRCRAFT tion in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8 cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 26
Simulation of Weapons Release from
CAVITY RESONATORS Model Development for Piezoceramic
Cargo Aircraft – 8
Nanopositioners – 106
CARGO Control of Acoustics and Store Separa-
tion in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8 Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua-
Simulation of Weapons Release from tors – 106
Cargo Aircraft – 8 CELESTIAL MECHANICS
Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of
CARRIAGES Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza-
Waste Forms Developed for Electromet-
Environmental Assessment (EA): Pro- tion – 445
allurgically Treated Spent Sodium-
posed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air CELLS (BIOLOGY) Bounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the
Force Base, Utah – 186 Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe- Yucca Mountain Repository – 109
CARRIER WAVES ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki- Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumenta-
Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier nase A – 205 tion Research and Development at
CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multi- CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Gen- NASA Glenn Research Center – 151
plexing for High-Capacity Optical Net- eration of Molecular Probes Capable of CEREBRAL CORTEX
works – 335 Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu A New Biologically Motivated Framework
Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Peptide Complex – 247 for Robust Object Recognition – 334
Code-Division Multiple-Access for High- Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegen- A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu-
Capacity Optical Networks – 122 erative Disorders With Mitochondrial tations and Circuits in the Feedforward
CASSINI MISSION Dysfunction – 228 Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System Visual Cortex – 251
Observations by the Cassini Infrared in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Object Recognition with Features In-
Spectrometer – 447 Controls – 339 spired by Visual Cortex – 332
CASTINGS Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky Organization of Response Areas in Fer-
Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220
of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Cast- Cells, Tissues, and Medical De-
CHAFF
ings (The National Shipbuilding Re- vices – 254
Final Environmental Assessment for the
search Program) – 165
CENTAUR LAUNCH VEHICLE Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air
CASUALTIES Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Force Base, New Mexico – 14
Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the Fluid Management – 143 CHAINS
CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 – 312 Motion Control and Planning for Non-
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
CATALYSIS Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug holonomic Kinematic Chains – 342
Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Va- Target in Neurological and Psychiatric CHANGE DETECTION
uum Decay – 397 Disorders – 233 A Comparison of Change Detection Sta-
CATALYSTS Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: tistics in POLSAR Images – 315
Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role Near Real-Time Event Detection & Pre-
Blends of Inert and Catalytic in Gulf War Illness – 250 diction Using Intelligent Software
Agents – 91 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNITS Agents – 43
New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sen- Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Ca- Three-Dimensional Change Detection
sitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 pacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298 With the Use of an Evidence Grid – 154
A-15
CHANNEL FLOW CHEMICAL LASERS Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride
nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 Ions – 81
CHANNEL WINGS CHEMICAL OXYGEN-IODINE LASERS Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor-
Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec- COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo-
tion and Force/Moment Genera- Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80
tion – 32 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES CHLORINATION
CHAOS Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated
Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on
Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 Compounds in Structure Control – 84 Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96
CHARACTER RECOGNITION CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
Document Image Understanding - COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical
Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use
1997 – 428 of Individual Water Purification De-
Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) vices – 89
CHARACTERIZATION with Small Molecules – 92
Channel Characterization for EHF Satel- CHLORINE
lite Communications on the Move – 123 O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction
Probabilities in DSMC – 357 Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use
Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propa- of Individual Water Purification De-
gation and Global Modeling – 194 CHEMICAL WARFARE vices – 89
Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surro-
International Symposium on Site Charac- Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
gate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical
terization for CO(sub 2) Geological Stor- vidual Water Purification Devices – 231
Protective Uniforms – 115
age – 187
Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War- CHLOROCARBONS
On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear
fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida-
Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods
Survey 1990-2005 – 248 tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol
Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Sprays – 84
CHARGE DISTRIBUTION Decomposition of Chemical Warfare
Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and CHOLESKY FACTORIZATION
With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- QL – 95 Toward Direct Sparse Updates of
verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 Cholesky Factors – 351
CHEMOTHERAPY
CHARGE TRANSFER Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol CHOLINESTERASE
Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution Resveratrol – 239
New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in
in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically
(Preprint) – 405 Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth Block Organophosphorylation – 219
CHARM (PARTICLE PHYSICS) and Response to Chemotherapy – 243
Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR – 421 CHONDRITES
GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium
Chemoprevention of Prostate- A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon-
Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay drites – 189
B+yields K+K+K- – 397 Cancer – 238
Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Al-
Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic De-
of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode- rich Chondrule from the Semarkona Me-
cays B yields X(sub u)lV from BA- teorite – 456
BAR – 420 gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245
Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact
Inclusive Measurements of Vub from Ba-
Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Pros- Events on the LL Parent Body – 455
Bar – 421
tate Cancer – 213
Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from
Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For-
(sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in
for the Treatment of Prostate Can- mation from H3 Chondrite Material by
BaBar – 401
cer – 205 Possible Cometary Impact – 454
CHARTS CHESAPEAKE BAY (US) Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database New Shock Indicator; Implications for the
(RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center, Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary
Annual Report for 2005 – 185 Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break- Chondrites – 190
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS water Systems – 194
Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift
ISS Internal Active Thermal Control Sys- CHILDREN in the O Isotopic Composition of the
tem (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Solar Nebula – 455
Project -2006 Update – 80 Children from Burma – 87
Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De- Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM
tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies Chondrites – 189
Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK
at Remote Military of Native American
Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced
Health Care Facilities – 231
for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Brec-
Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 CHINA cia – 456
China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107
CHEMICAL EXPLOSIONS Postshock Annealing and Postannealing
Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the CHLORIDES Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chon-
HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chlo- drites: Implications for the Thermal and
Characterize Violence with Varying Con- ride Solutions Containing Organic Ac- Shock Histories of Chondritic Aster-
finement – 76 ids – 81 oids – 456
A-16
Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS Adding Numbers to Text Classifica-
of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian tion – 428
Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Com- Time Structure during Long Duration Bayesian Model Averaging: Develop-
position, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Flights in Man – 277 ment of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene
Size – 190
Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Selection and Classification Tool for Mi-
Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos- Performance in the Operational Environ- croarray Data – 244
sible Formation of the IVA Magma by ment – 272 Confidence Bands for ROC
Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL- Support of Mission and Work Scheduling Curves – 330
Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal- by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276
lization and Cooling – 453 Improving Military Recruit Quality
CIRCUITS Through Smart Classification Technol-
Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt ogy – 305
A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu-
Breccia that Experienced Post-shock An-
tations and Circuits in the Feedforward Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vi-
nealing – 457
Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate sion Systems – 337
Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Visual Cortex – 252
Type II Chondrules and Limited Over- Regularization Through Feature Knock
Active FPGA Security Through Decoy
growths on Phenocrysts Following the Out – 338
Circuits – 325
Final Melting Event – 191 The Challenges of Information Manage-
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters:
Very Large Time-Constant Cir- ment in the Networked Battlespace: Un-
CHONDRULE manned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and
A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Oliv- cuits – 406
the Warfighter – 431
ine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Se- Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for
markona that Experienced Limited Re- Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62 The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve-
melting – 189 hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based
Frequency Selective Materials for Con- Human Systems Integration Lessons
Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from trol of Radiated Emissions and Interfer- Learned – 278
the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For- ence Suppression, Phase 2 – 149
mation from H3 Chondrite Material by Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal
General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Classification – 438
Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie
Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252 CLASSIFIERS
in the O Isotopic Composition of the High Accuracy Multidimensional Param- Confidence Bands for ROC
Solar Nebula – 455 eterized Surrogate Models for Fast Opti- Curves – 330
Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous- mization of Microwave Circuits in the
CLEANING
chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Industry Standard Circuit Simula-
tors – 108 Economic Impact Analysis of the Per-
Melt Asteroids – 192 chloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual
Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Risk Standard – 184
CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for Synthesis and Testing – 138
the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic CIRCULAR ORBITS gram)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning
Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452 Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low- Gravitational Field – 34
FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules CIRCULATION CLEAR AIR TURBULENCE
in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating Turbulence and mountain wave condi-
Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Hormone Refractory Prostate Can- tions observed with an airborne 2-micron
cer – 211 lidar – 25
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict
and Host Grains in Chondrules in the CIRRUS CLOUDS CLIENT SERVER SYSTEMS
Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Client/Server Model for Distributed Com-
Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- puting: An Implementation – 328
Type II Chondrules and Limited Over- FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
port and Entrainment using Observations CLIMATE CHANGE
growths on Phenocrysts Following the
Final Melting Event – 191 and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Examination of the Armagh Observatory
CIVIL AVIATION Annual Mean Temperature Record,
CHROMATOGRAPHY 1844-2004 – 199
Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) CLIMATE
Resveratrol – 239 Compared with Other Forecasts – 5
Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water
Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Func- National Airspace System Moderniza- Systems Analysis – 182
tionally Active Form – 233 tion: Observations on Potential Funding
Options for FAA and the Next Generation Operator Functional State Assessment
Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separa- Airspace System – 11 (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle
tion Column – 83 de i’operateur humain) – 256
CLADDING
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Wave Climate and Wave Response,
CHROMITES
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of
Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a Hawaii, Hawaii – 385
New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip
Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With
CLIMATOLOGY
Chondrites – 191 Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac-
ing – 103 CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective
Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
CHROMOSOMES CLASSIFICATIONS FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in A Four-Component Decomposition of port and Entrainment using Observations
Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207 POLSAR Image – 426 and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
A-17
CLINICAL MEDICINE Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of COCKPIT WEATHER INFORMATION
Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Coastal Inlet Navigation Chan- SYSTEMS
Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics nels – 172 Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen-
from April 1, 2003, through March 31, etration of Cockpit Weather Information
2004 – 253 Systems – 25
Report of Visit to the Public Health Col- Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum New Technologies for Reducing Aviation
lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb- Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Weather-Related Accidents – 24
ruary 22-25, 1961 – 219 Patrol Boat – 101
CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Tech- Verification and Validation of NASA-
Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier
nology Meeting – 204 Supported Enhancements to the Near
CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multi-
The Clinical Development of Thalildo- Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
plexing for High-Capacity Optical Net-
mide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor ing System (HABSOS) – 173
works – 335
Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245
COATINGS Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier
Trauma Symptomatology Among Female Code-Division Multiple-Access for High-
A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying
U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 Capacity Optical Networks – 122
Paints and Coatings – 66
CLONING (BIOLOGY) Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hy-
Abatement of Marine Coatings Contain-
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- brid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of
ing Heavy Metals – 65
sion System for Proteomic Analy- Optical Signals – 122
sis – 241 Automated Blasting & Recovery of Coat- Discrimination Against Partially Overlap-
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of ings Removed From Ship Hulls – 73 ping Interference -Its Effect on Through-
Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro- Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating put in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Ac-
teins – 254 Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 cess Channels – 341
Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jew- Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Sur- CODE DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
ish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227 face Preparation and Coatings – 73 OCDM Transmission Experiments on
CLOSED ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291
The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine gram. Development of Non-Polluting,
Particle Study – 222 CODERS
Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys-
tems For Ships – 72 Extension of ITU-T Recommendation
CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY) P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433
Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- gram. Evaluation of New Surface Prepa-
FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans- ration and Coating Repair Techniques in Military Speech Communications over
port and Entrainment using Observations Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 Vocoders in Tandem – 331
and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Objective Measurement of the Speech
CLUSTER MISSION COATING Transmission Quality of Vocoders by
Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Ver- Means of the Speech Transmission In-
Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites
sus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks- dex – 331
Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster
Mission – 117 Five Year Report – 71
CODING
CLUTTER Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Analysis and Coding for Multiple-Access
Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 Channels – 121
Computer Exxtimated Probability of De-
tection: Can You Hide from a Com- Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot
puter? – 333 Underwater Service (The National Ship- Free Codes – 217
Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clut- building Research Program) – 71
Distributed Compression in Camera Sen-
ter Statistics – 363 The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coat- sor Networks – 308
Robust Adaptive Signal Processing ing Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66
Novel Antigen Identification Method for
Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
ter Scenarios – 85 gram. Development of Non-Polluting, by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En-
COAL Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys- coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
tems For Ships – 72 nome – 224
Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal
with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost
2003 to September 30, 2005 – 82 gram. Evaluation of New Surface Prepa- Commercial GPS Receiver Through
From Sequential Extraction to Transport ration and Coating Repair Techniques in Software Approach (Preprint) – 306
Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67
COGNITION
as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
Contaminants – 64 A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In-
6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99
COASTS Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Maintaining Alertness and Performance
Assessment of Shore Protection Project Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A in Sustained Military Ground Opera-
Performance Following the 2004 Hurri- Training Manual) – 100 tions – 240
cane Season – 196 Cognitive Performance in Operational
Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and COCHLEA Environments – 266
Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation
Paths into the Human Head – 410 Comment ameliorer la selection et le
Carolina – 439
traitement des messages verbaux? (How
Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted to Improve the Selection and Processing
Transformation – 377 Sound – 19 of Verbal Messages) – 121
A-18
Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Building Psychological Resiliency and COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog- Mitigating the Risks of Combat and De- Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor
nitive Performance During Sleep Depri- ployment Stressors Faced by Sol- Flow Path and Sampling System – 26
vation – 257 diers – 278
COMBUSTION
Extension of ITU-T Recommendation Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia:
P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Potential Implications – 23 Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal
Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1,
Computer Exxtimated Probability of De- 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 82
Machine Learning for the Knowledge tection: Can You Hide from a Com-
Plane – 306 puter? – 332 Development of All-Solid-State Sensors
for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am-
COHERENT RADIATION Crew Integration and Automation Tech- monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp-
Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier nologies – 114 tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex-
CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multi- haust Streams – 419
Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Af-
ghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning
works – 335
Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Pre-
Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Army Institute of Research Land Combat mixed Flames – 353
Code-Division Multiple-Access for High- Study – 277
Capacity Optical Networks – 122 Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub-
Integration and Application of Human grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu-
Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: As- sion Flames – 146
With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- sessment of Network Centric Warfare
verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 Capabilities – 268 Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Orga-
nophosphorus Compounds – 69
COLD GAS Long-Distance Government Flights - A
Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Local Heat Flux Measurements with
Spray – 94 Sorties? – 262 Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial
Element-Injectors – 61
COLD TOLERANCE Maintaining Combat Readiness in the
Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Particle Image Velocimetry Using a
Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of
Psychosocial Perspective – 266 Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seed-
Individuals by using Conventional and
ing – 86
Unconventional Methods Based on Ob- Methodological Issues when Assessing
servation of CIVD Reactivity – 258 Dismounted Soldier Mobility Perfor- COMETARY COLLISIONS
Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frost- mance – 264 Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from
bite during Exposure to Cold the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For-
Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili-
Winds – 197 mation from H3 Chondrite Material by
tary Field Training in Winter and the
Possible Cometary Impact – 454
COLD WEATHER Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira-
Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold tory Fitness – 262 COMETS
Environments – 271 Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide-
Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain dur- Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics book – 444
ing Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 from April 1, 2003, through March 31,
2004 – 253 COMFORT
Effect of the Forearm Tissue Tempera-
Joint Service General Purpose Mask
ture on the Cold Induced Vasodila- Research and Operational Support for (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration
tion – 198 the Study of Military Relevant Infectious (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision
COLLISION AVOIDANCE Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Correction Insert Stability Evalua-
Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Thai Government – 213 tion – 261
Formation Flying Micro Satellites in Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop
GTO – 57 Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to COMMAND AND CONTROL
Xpatch – 313 A Notional Battlespace for Simulating
Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architec-
and Testing Dynamic Wireless Net-
tures and Motion Control – 300 Strategies to Maintain Combat Readi- works – 374
COLLISIONS ness during Extended Deployments: A
Human Systems Approach – 261 Application of Shift Work Scheduling
Conservative Analytical Collision Prob- Principles and Tools for Optimizing Con-
abilities for Orbital Formation Fly- Stress and Psychological Sup- sole Based Operations – 263
ing – 57 port – 277
Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265
COLLOIDS Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary
Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System Forces: Expanded Operational Architec- Integration and Application of Human
in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: As-
Controls – 340 ning and Control – 121 sessment of Network Centric Warfare
Capabilities – 268
COLONIES U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and
Fission Surface Power for the Explora- Readiness – 273 Nuclear Command and Control: Current
tion and Colonization of Mars – 175 Programs and Issues – 118
Wireless Sensor Network Applications
X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of SSC San Diego Brief 2002 – 322
for the Combat Air Forces – 8
Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti- Summary Report of Finding of the Deci-
6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstruc- COMBINATORIAL ANALYSIS sion Science Working Group
ture (PREPRINT) – 103 Combinatorial Exploration of Novel (DSWG) – 433
COMBAT Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi-
Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary
als – 179
A Research Program on Health, Perfor- Forces: Expanded Operational Architec-
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Combining Variable Selection with Di- ture for Combat Support Execution Plan-
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 mensionality Reduction – 371 ning and Control – 121
A-19
COMMAND MODULES COMMUNICATION SATELLITES COMPRESSORS
Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Ve- National Security Space Policy in the Active Control of Compressor Stall incep-
hicle Structure Concepts for Mass Opti- U.S. and Europe. Trends and tion: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Ap-
mization – 168 Choices – 34 proach – 148
COMMERCE COMPACTING COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS
Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organiza- On a Powder Consolidation Prob- Initiation of Detonation in a Large
tions: A Preliminary Report – 299 lem – 69 Tube – 28
Building SMART Leadership – 423 COMPENSATORS Numerical Simulations of the Fish Pas-
Creating Agile Business through Service- Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed sage Facilities at Lower Granite
Oriented Architecture – 284 Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Sys- Dam – 386
tems – 378 Reduced Order Modeling in Control of
eReadiness of Business Pro-
Model Development and Inverse Com- Open Cavity Acoustics – 2
cesses – 287
pensator Design for High Speed Nan- SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Pro-
Evaluation of the Quality of an Informa- opositioning – 133 gram – 148
tion Security Management Sys-
tem – 289 COMPETITION Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Air-
From Distance Learning to Blended Integration of an Economy Under Imper- foil – 15
Learning: A Program Incorporating Mul- fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco- Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the
tiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning - logical Model – 283 Next Generation Airlocks – 142
Examples from V-learn.ie – 285 COMPLEX SYSTEMS COMPUTATION
Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen- Contingency Software in Autonomous Computing Trust from Revision His-
etration of Cockpit Weather Information Systems: Technical Level Brief- tory – 435
Systems – 25 ing – 316
Remarks on Uncertainty Assessment
NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con- Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the
and Management in Modeling and Com-
cepts Directorate Technology Development Process – 327 putation – 348
Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375
University-Industry Relations in Hungary:
Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses Establishment Scheme of the Budapest COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
to Service Failure – 288 University of Technology and Economics, A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design
Information Technology Innovation and Activities with Diverse Stakehold-
COMMERCIAL AIRCRAFT Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 ers – 310
Aviation Security-Related Findings and Agent-Based Engineering Drawing
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis- COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Analysis – 324
sion – 7 Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sen-
sors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Applications of Digital Transfer of Com-
Resistance of Composite Laminates Un- puter Aided Design Data for Production
sengers: Recommendation of the 9/11
der Mode I Loading – 79 Usage (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Commission and Related Issues – 10
Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Re-
COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF PROD- inforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theo- Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza-
UCTS retical Computation and Experimental tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec-
An Investigation Into Robust Wind Cor- Validation of the Theory Using tronic Devices – 434
rection Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Un- Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Com-
Computer-Assisted Methodology for the
manned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 16 pounds – 79
Determination of the Optimal Number
COMMERCIALIZATION Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response and Location of Tool Sheds (The National
A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag- Research and Development (R&R) Sup- Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379
port: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot
ing System – 287 Control System Design for a Flexible
Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare
Arm – 298
COMMUNICATION NETWORKS Earth Magnets – 102
Designers and Their Tools: Computer
A New Conceptual Framework for Net- Scaling of Energy Absorption in Compos-
Centric, Enterprise-Wide, System-of- ites to Enhance Survivability – 79 Support for Domain Construction – 311
Systems Engineering – 386 Harnessing Simulation of Naval Ship-
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES yards – 304
Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence Characterization of Space Shuttle Ther-
and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405 mal Protection System (TPS) Materials Results From Use of an Integrated
Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super- for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Schedule for Drawing Development and
Network – 117 Columbia Accident Investigation – 45 Equipment Procurement (The National
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325
Interchange Arguments in Stochastic Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon
Scheduling – 380 Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. 1989 Ship Production Symposium,
Mitigating TCP Degradation over Inter- COMPOSITION (PROPERTY) Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac-
mittent Link Failures using Intermediate Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low- ture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the
Buffers – 120 FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299
Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wire- Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 gram. Evaluation of Shipbuilding
less Multicast Networks – 402 COMPRESSIBILITY CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296
Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Dynamic Compressive Responses and User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Soft-
Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics ware (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Mission – 117 Under High Confinement – 94 search Program) – 304
A-20
COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING Development of a Malicious Insider Com- System Quality Requirements Engineer-
Combining Welding Expert Systems With posite Vulnerability Assessment Method- ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study
Welding Databases to Improve Ship- ology – 324 on Asset Management System – 433
building Production (The National Ship- Development of Mathematical Models of The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for
building Research Program) – 164 Immune Networks Intended for Informa- Parallel Computing – 285
Group Technology/Flow Applications Re- tion Security Assurance – 326
search (The National Shipbuilding Re- Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 345 COMPUTER PROGRAMS
Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Ca- A Smart Web Platform for Telematics
The Application of Intelligent Robotic Services Toward Ubiquitous Environ-
pacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298
Systems and Lasers for Manufactur- ments – 324
ing – 157 Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP)
Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation Active Relations for Specifying and
The Information Flow Requirements of Implementing Software Object Manage-
the Design and Procurement Processes for Distributed Sensor Networks and Mis-
sile Seeker Systems – 293 ment – 326
of Shipbuilding Programs – 306
Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Net- Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine
worked Systems – 317 and Surgical Simulation – 230
Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac- Neural Networks for Low Level Process- Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for
ture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the ing of Tactile Sensory Data – 294 Enhanced Signal Processing – 301
Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299
Neural Networks for Tactile Percep- CMMI for Development, Version
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- tion – 294 1.2 – 307
gram. Evaluation of Shipbuilding
CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296 Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex-
The Use of Computers in Advancing Research – 226 pansion Model with Experimental Data
Group Technology (The National Ship- (Preprint) – 42
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
building Research Program) – 306 Computational Modeling of Multicompo-
A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Tax-
User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Soft- nent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394
onomies – 295
ware (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Air Vehicle Technology Integration Pro- Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the
gram (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 – 312
Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Fea-
Control Platform (OCP) Software En- Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot
sibility Study (The National Shipbuilding
abled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Free Codes – 217
Research Program) – 329
Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Inte-
COMPUTER AIDED TOMOGRAPHY gration – 7 Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft
Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Sediments: Experimental Evidence and
Appraisal Requirements for CMMI, Ver- Predictions – 365
Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua- sion 1.2 (ARC, V1.2) – 309
tion – 147 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants
CMMI for Development, Version
COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate
1.2 – 307
FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame- Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems
work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: from Molecular Structure by
Systems – 10 What We Learned – 297 SPARC – 282
COMPUTER GRAPHICS ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful

An Integrated Approach to Motion and for Feedback Control of Software Perfor- Animations for Teaching and Research
Sound – 302 mance – 296 Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camta-
sia(TradeMark) – 287
Web-Based Graphics for Battlespace Event-Based Detection of Concur-
Terrain Ownership – 313 rency – 379 Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern
Realizations – 303
COMPUTER INFORMATION SECURITY Investigating the Applicability of Architec-
Active FPGA Security Through Decoy ture Description in Configuration Man- Multidisciplinary Environments: A History
Circuits – 325 agement and Software Deploy- of Engineering Framework Develop-
ment – 303 ment – 317
Automated Discovery of Mimicry At-
tacks – 380 MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Object-Oriented Design and Implemen-
Efficient Native Supercomputing for Mi- tation of Computer Chess – 303
Defining Incident Management Pro- crosoft Windows Architecture – 288
cesses for CSIRTs: A Work in Pipeline Optimization Program
Progress – 322 .NET Security: Lessons Learned and (PLOP) – 377
Missed from Java – 295
Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 345 Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost
Eros-based Confined Capability Cli- Results of SEI Independent Research Commercial GPS Receiver Through
ent – 313 and Development Projects and Report Software Approach (Preprint) – 306
on Emerging Technologies and Technol-
Source Authentication for Multicast in ogy Trends – 296 Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 318 Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to
Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) Xpatch – 313
COMPUTER NETWORKS and Final Design Review (FDR) Crite-
A New Conceptual Framework for Net- ria – 297 Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring
Centric, Enterprise-Wide, System-of- System (TAO ITS) – 308
Spiral System Implementation Methodol-
Systems Engineering – 386
ogy: Application of the Knowledge Web Techniques for Developing an Acquisition
Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force and Network-Centric Best Prac- Strategy by Profiling Software
Mission – 430 tices – 384 Risks – 307
A-21
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- COMPUTER VISION CONCENTRATORS
gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. A New Biologically Motivated Framework Development and Testing of a Power
Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea- for Robust Object Recognition – 334 Trough System Using a Structurally-
suring Systems for Increased Accuracy Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re- Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass
pair – 311 Official Identity Documents – 151 Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
User Manual for EXPRESS, the Object Recognition with Features In- tion – 180
‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation spired by Visual Cortex – 332 New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple-
Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, On the Role of Object-Specific Features Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High-
2006 – 283 for Real World Object Recognition in Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys-
User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Soft- Biological Vision – 338 tems – 176
ware (The National Shipbuilding Re- Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vi- CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
search Program) – 304 sion Systems – 337 Evaluating Product Machinability for
COMPUTER STORAGE DEVICES Regularization Through Feature Knock Concurrent Engineering – 385
A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Out – 338
CONDITIONS
Distributed Configuration Manage-
ment – 310 COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial
Environment – 333
Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to A Notional Battlespace for Simulating
Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Ana- and Testing Dynamic Wireless Net- CONDUCTORS
lytical Solutions and Approxima- works – 374
Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For
tions – 343 Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to Digital Media – 429
an Existing Training Simulation – 332
COMPUTER SYSTEMS PERFORMANCE CONFERENCES
Failure Assessment – 315 Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine
International Symposium on Site Charac-
and Surgical Simulation – 230
terization for CO(sub 2) Geological Stor-
COMPUTER SYSTEMS PROGRAMS age – 187
AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and
Investigating the Applicability of Architec- Simulation System – 18
ture Description in Configuration Man- Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An
agement and Software Deploy- An Overview of the Formation and Atti- MIT Security Studies Program Confer-
ment – 304 tude Control System for the Terrestrial ence – 123
Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer- Quality Education and ‘Quality Pa-
COMPUTER TECHNIQUES ometer – 53 pers’ – 166
An Algorithm for the Accurate Localiza- Building SASO Wargaming Simulations
tion of Sounds – 137 Ship Production Symposium Held in Se-
Without Programmers – 309
attle, Washington on August 24-26, 1988
B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Ra- Composable Simulations – 305 (The National Shipbuilding Research
diology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual Program) – 304
Search Efficiency – 213 Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Ca-
pacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Computer-Assisted Methodology for the gram. 1987 Ship Production Symposium.
Determination of the Optimal Number Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic
Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation
and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Range of Linearized Directional Coupler
Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non-
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 Modulators – 136
Halogenated Polyphosphazene
Customized Information Extraction as a Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima Foam – 68
Basis for Resource Discovery – 435 in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Spiral System Implementation Methodol- O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction gram. 1989 Ship Production Symposium,
Probabilities in DSMC – 357 Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac-
ogy: Application of the Knowledge Web
ture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the
and Network-Centric Best Prac- Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu- Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299
tices – 384 lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun-
neling Devices – 132 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Simulation of Weapons Release from Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of
Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac- Cargo Aircraft – 8 CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship-
Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 Swedish Projects – 11 yards – 72
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
System (TAO ITS) – 308 gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle
Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Utility of Niche Models in Developing Site
Measurement for Inclining Experi- Measurement for Inclining Experi-
Assessments Technologies Associated ments – 307
ments – 307 With Aquatic Nuisance Species Inva-
sions at Corps Facilities – 305 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea- COMPUTERS Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the
Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored
suring Systems for Increased Accuracy Designers and Their Tools: Computer
Arc Welding Electrodes – 101
and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re- Support for Domain Construction – 311
pair – 311 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 345
COMPUTER VIRUSES The Use of Computers in Advancing Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
Attack Processes Found on the Inter- Group Technology (The National Ship- Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints
net – 323 building Research Program) – 306 Evaluation and Improvements – 101
A-22
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- CONICAL BODIES CONTAINMENT
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re-
Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Payload: The Candlestick Problem and placement for the 6M Specification Pack-
Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 Porous Media – 142 age – 76
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- CONJUGATES The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium gram. Combined Abrasive Recycling and
Generalized Conjugate Direc-
Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measure- Containment - Final Report With Sum-
tions – 374
ment of Shipboard Piping Using a Por- mary and Conclusions – 67
table Coordinate Measuring Machine CONNECTORS
(PCMM) – 163 CONTAMINANTS
New Perspectives for Power Transmis-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- sion in the European Liberalized Electric- From Sequential Extraction to Transport
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium ity Market and Possible Role of Four- Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Phase Systems – 132 as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic
Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Contaminants – 64
Patrol Boat – 101 CONSERVATION
Screening Evaluations for Upland Con-
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Military Personnel – 187
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium ity – 84
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip CONSISTENCY CONTAMINATION
Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Strong Consistency of the Contraction Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated
Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac- Mapping Method for Frequency Estima- Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on
ing – 102 tion – 370 Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- CONSOLES Selected Environmental Factors of
Application of Shift Work Scheduling Czech Contingent Soldiers during their
Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva-
Principles and Tools for Optimizing Con- Deployment in Afghanistan and Health
tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons
sole Based Operations – 263 Status Markers after their Homecom-
Learned – 111
ing – 271
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- CONSOLIDATION
gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. On a Powder Consolidation Prob- CONTINGENCY
Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea- lem – 69 Contingency Software in Autonomous
suring Systems for Increased Accuracy Systems: Technical Level Brief-
CONSTANTS ing – 316
and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re-
pair – 311 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants
of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate CONTINUOUS WAVE LASERS
CONFIDENCE LIMITS Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems Improving Reliability of High Power
Confidence Bands for ROC from Molecular Structure by Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating
Curves – 330 SPARC – 283 in Long Pulse Mode – 156
CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3- CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for Butadiene Decomposition – 90 Contract Management: Service Contract
Distributed Configuration Manage- CONSTELLATIONS Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training
ment – 310 Has Room for Improvement – 32
Station-Keeping Requirements for Astro-
A Reusable, Distributed Repository for nomical Imaging with Constellations of CONTRACTION
Configuration Management Policy Pro- Free-Flying Collectors – 56 Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction
gramming – 312 Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti-
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Investigating the Applicability of Architec- mation – 350
Terrorism and its Impact on the Construc-
ture Description in Configuration Man- tion Industry – 168 On the Contraction Mapping Method for
agement and Software Deploy- Frequency Detection – 370
ment – 303 CONSTRUCTION
Strong Consistency of the Contraction
Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activi- Designers and Their Tools: Computer
Mapping Method for Frequency Estima-
ties – 377 Support for Domain Construction – 311
tion – 370
Terrorism and its Impact on the Construc-
CONFINEMENT CONTROL BOARDS
tion Industry – 168
Dynamic Compressive Responses and Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment
Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The
Under High Confinement – 94 gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium National Shipbuilding Program) – 100
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum
Eros-based Confined Capability Cli- Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft)
ent – 313 CONTROL EQUIPMENT
Patrol Boat – 101 Global Radius of Curvature Estimation
Screening Evaluations for Upland Con- and Control System for Segmented Mir-
fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual- CONSUMERS
rors – 166
ity – 84 Depository Services: Comptroller’s
Handbook, September 2006 – 282 Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky
Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of
HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses
Cells, Tissues, and Medical De-
Characterize Violence with Varying Con- to Service Failure – 288
vices – 254
finement – 76
CONTACT LENSES The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality
Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effec- Pollution Prevention and Control Tech-
Production of Nuclear Weapons: Back- tive or is Refractive Surgery a Better nology Used in Shipyards and Similar
ground and Issues for Congress – 186 Option? – 262 Industries – 435
A-23
CONTROL SIMULATION CONTROLLABILITY A Global Convergence Theory for the
Air Vehicle Technology Integration Pro- Development and Flight Testing of a Celis-Dennis-Tapia Trust Region Algo-
gram (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Neural Network Based Flight Control rithm for Constrained Optimiza-
Control Platform (OCP) Software En- System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 tion – 345
abled Control (SEC) Hardware in the High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and A Smart Web Platform for Telematics
Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Inte- Control of an Autonomous Underwater Services Toward Ubiquitous Environ-
gration – 8 Vehicle – 394 ments – 324
CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant Convergence Analysis of a Class of Net-
on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor- works of Nonlinear Coupled Oscilla-
Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying
mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 tors – 128
Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying
Framework – 58 The Precision Formation Flying Inte- On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear
grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods
Control System Design for a Flexible for Constrained Optimization – 351
Arm – 298 CONTROLLERS
On the Convergence of the Mizuno-
Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Motor Controller System For Large Dy- Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center
Formation Flying – 59 namic Range of Motor Operation – 165 of the Solution Set – 349
Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and On the Convergence of the Tapia Indica-
CONTROL THEORY Compensators: A State-Dependent Ric- tors in the Absence of Strict Complemen-
Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three cati Equation Approach – 355 tarity – 350
Formation Flying Micro Satellites in
GTO – 57 CONTROL The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the
A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Plan- Hessian in Constrained Optimiza-
Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical tion – 351
ning and Obstacle Avoidance With Non-
Systems – 385 Holonomic Robots – 389 Well-Posedness and Convergence of
Decentralized Control and Decentralized Application of Center Manifold Reduction Some Regularization Methods for Non-
Adaptive Control – 384 to System Stabilization – 392 linear Ill-Posed Problems – 393
Feedback Control of Bifurcation and Control System Design for a Flexible CONVEXITY
Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 Arm – 298 Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for
Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza- Families of Liapunov Functions for Non- Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wire-
tion – 445 linear Systems in Critical Cases – 394 less Multicast Networks – 402
Language Stability and Stabilizability of Feedback Control of Bifurcation and COOLANTS
Discrete Event Dynamical Sys- Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 ISS Internal Active Thermal Control Sys-
tems – 383 tem (IATCS) Coolant Remediation
Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Project -2006 Update – 80
Linear Control Theory as Applied to Optimal Movement – 359
Smart Structures – 372 COOLING
High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for
Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Da- Control of an Autonomous Underwater Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 63
tabase Systems in the Framework of Vehicle – 394
Discrete Event Systems – 373 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos-
Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architec- sible Formation of the IVA Magma by
Modeling and Control of Physical Pro- tures and Motion Control – 300 Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL-
cesses Using Proper Orthogonal Decom- Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal-
Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlin-
position – 378 lization and Cooling – 453
ear Systems with an Uncontrollable Criti-
Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of- cal Mode – 393 COORDINATION
Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc- Design and Implementation of Optimal
Control – 31 tion – 360 Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa-
On Stabilization with a Prescribed Re- rated Space Interferometry – 443
Robust Control of Bifurcating Nonlinear
gion of Asymptotic Stability – 392 Systems With Applications – 342 Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265
Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions CONVECTION CURRENTS COPOLYMERS
With Application to Flexible Manufactur- Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of
Role of Deep Convection in Establishing
ing Systems – 382 Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-
the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor
Predicates and Predicate Transformers in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Styrene Triblock Copolymers – 108
for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event COPPER
CONVECTION
Dynamical Systems – 382
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
Progress Toward a Format Standard for Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100
Flight Dynamics Models – 30 FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans- CORES
port and Entrainment using Observations
Studies on Architecture and Control The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
Technology for Optical Packet gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Switches – 127 CONVERGENCE Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the
A Convergence Theory for a Class of Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored
CONTROL VALVES Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Arc Welding Electrodes – 102
Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess- Optimization – 388 CORONAL MASS EJECTION
ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous A Global Convergence Theory for Gen- Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass
Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of eral Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag-
the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160 Equality Constrained Optimiza- netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist
Xenon Feed System Progress – 92 tion – 347 Alone – 461
A-24
CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS Labor Standards Application Program, COUPLERS
Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate- Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic
gies – 53 Shops – 108 Range of Linearized Directional Coupler
NASA: Sound Management and Over- Modulators – 136
CORROSION RESISTANCE
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chlo- sight Key to Addressing Crew Explora- COUPLING CIRCUITS
ride Solutions Containing Organic Ac- tion Vehicle Project Risks – 423 Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu-
ids – 81 COST REDUCTION lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun-
Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor- Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case neling Devices – 133
rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo- Study: AEGIS Microwave Power COUPLING
ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 Tubes – 134 A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control
CORROSION COSTS Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chlo- Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro- Bays – 13
ride Solutions Containing Organic Ac- cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A CP VIOLATION
ids – 81 Survey – 369
Measurement of the CKM-Angle gamma
Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Evaluation of the Quality of an Informa- BABAR – 421
Army Main Battle Tank Compo- tion Security Management Sys-
Measurements of the Angle Al-
nents – 99 tem – 289
pha(Phi(2)) at BaBar – 400
Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice From Distance Learning to Blended
Learning: A Program Incorporating Mul- CRACKS
Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride
Ions – 81 tiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning - High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec-
Examples from V-learn.ie – 285 tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space
Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor- Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on-
rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo- Marine Coatings Performance for Differ- Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45
ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73
Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice
Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con- Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride
Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Com- cepts Directorate Technology Ions – 81
plex Radioactive High Level Radioactive Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375
Waste – 97 The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 14 CRASH INJURIES
‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for As-
COSMIC DUST The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- sessing Military Vehicle Occupant Inju-
Photoelectric Emission Measurements gram. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. ries – 204
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva-
Grains – 450 tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons CRATERING
Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide- Learned – 111 Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
book – 444 tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should
COSMIC RAYS Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech- CRATERS
nical Data Needs to Support Weapon Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We
Systems – 17 Can ‘See’ – 451
and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p
Interaction in Astronomical Environ- COUNTERFLOW CREEP PROPERTIES
ment – 449 Dynamics and Suppression Effective- Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl-
SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detec- ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in inders in Forced and Natural Flows and
tor – 447 Non-Premixed Counterflow Microgravity – 142
Flames – 88
COSMOLOGY Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior
COUNTERMEASURES of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg.
SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR
A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Fiber Orientation – 90
Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science
Prediction – 365
Roadmap Presentation – 48 CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE
Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to
COST ANALYSIS NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Over-
Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness
Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro- during Sustained Operations – 273 view – 39
cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A
Final Environmental Assessment for the Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Ve-
Survey – 369
Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air hicle Structure Concepts for Mass Opti-
Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual- Force Base, New Mexico – 14 mization – 168
Launch Concept – 36
NASA Utilization of the International CRIME
Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Space Station and the Vision for Space Active FPGA Security Through Decoy
Analysis Capabilities – 375 Exploration – 258 Circuits – 325
COST EFFECTIVENESS Nonelectronic Countermeasures for In- CRITICAL PATH METHOD
Commercial Orbital Transportation Ser- frared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of
vices (COTS) Demonstrations – 46 Decentralized Control and Decentralized
Heat Decoys as Countermea-
Supporting Situation Assessment sures – 461
through Attention Guidance: A Cost- The National Biodefense Analysis and CROSS CORRELATION
Benefit and Depth of Processing Analy- Countermeasures Center: Issues for A New Approach for Radiometric Cross
sis – 259 Congress – 221 Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom-
eters – 112
COST ESTIMATES COUNTING
Geostationary Operational Environmen- Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of CROSS COUPLING
tal Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Proceedings from the 2nd International
Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass Symposium on Formation Flying Mis-
Satellite Programs – 424 Spectrometry – 236 sions and Technologies – 48
A-25
Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Forma- CRYSTALS Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted
tion Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Growth and Characterization of Large Sound – 19
Cross-Coupling – 50 Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138 Identification of Materiel Damage in Two
CROSS SECTIONS Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Dimensional Domains Using Squid
Automating the Modeling of the SEE Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem- Based NDE System – 364
Cross Section’s Angular Depen- plate Layers – 177 DAMPING
dence – 419 CUES A Systems Engineering Approach to De-
CROSSINGS Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory sign a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373
Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Cues About Threat Location on Target Smart Structures and Wavelet Based
Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Acquisition and Attention to Visual and System Identification – 344
Domains – 312 Auditory Communications – 117
DAMS
CRUDE OIL Supporting Situation Assessment
through Attention Guidance: A Cost- Numerical Simulations of the Fish Pas-
Applications of Layered Double Hydrox- sage Facilities at Lower Granite
ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Benefit and Depth of Processing Analy-
sis – 259 Dam – 386
Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater.
Final Report – 87 CUMULONIMBUS CLOUDS DATA ACQUISITION
Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Distributed Detection from Multiple Sen-
China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 sors with Correlated Observa-
Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulon-
CRYOGENIC FLUIDS imbus Clouds – 195 tions – 334
Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Forum Guide to Decision Support Sys-
CURRENT DENSITY
Fluid Management – 143 tems: A Resource for Educators – 281
Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139
CRYOGENICS Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on
Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD- Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field
Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic 600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42
Fluid Management – 143 Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
CURVATURE Training Operation – 268
Characterization and Analyses of Valves,
Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Global Radius of Curvature Estimation Learning User Preferences for Sets of
Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 and Control System for Segmented Mir- Objects – 291
rors – 166
High Energy Density Cryogenic Capaci- Magnetic Field Response Measurement
tors – 138 CUTTING Acquisition System – 140
Solving Integer Programs With Enumera-
Local Heat Flux Measurements with Monitoring Employment Conditions of
tion Cutting Planes – 300
Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Military Spouses – 368
Element-Injectors – 61 CYBERNETICS
Optimal Quantization and Fusion in
Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibil- Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection
CRYOSTATS ity of PTD-Mediated Translocation of
Cryostat with Foil and MLI – 419 of Weak Signals in Dependent
Proteins Across Artificial Mem- Noise – 334
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE branes – 240
WRSM Operations Concept – 200
Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Re- CYCLOTRON FREQUENCY
gion – 130 High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen- DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing
The Role of the Neurofibromin- Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several
Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu- by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of
BBELF Turbulence – 417 Orders of Magnitude – 290
lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 CYLINDRICAL BODIES Encapsulation Application Research of
Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl- ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi-
CRYSTALLINITY ronment – 171
inders in Forced and Natural Flows and
A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon- Microgravity – 142 Evolution of the Configuration Database
drites – 189
Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measure- Design – 291
CRYSTALLIZATION ments on a Truncated Cylinder – 390 HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High CYTOCHROMES Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast
Temperature Magnetic Material for Bitmap Indices – 440
Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres-
PWR – 74
sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can- DATA BASES
Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of cer – 227 Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database
Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystalliza-
CYTOLOGY Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site:
tion – 96
Internet-Based Cervical Cytology Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break-
Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD Screening Program – 232 water Systems – 194
a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro-
DAMAGE ASSESSMENT Combining Welding Expert Systems With
gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet-
Foreign Object Damage in a Gas- Welding Databases to Improve Ship-
ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain
Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri- building Production (The National Ship-
Growth – 183
cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 27 building Research Program) – 164
Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos-
DAMAGE Computerized Compendium of Stan-
sible Formation of the IVA Magma by
dards – 429
Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL- Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of
Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal- International Space Station Pressure DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Data-
lization and Cooling – 453 Wall Welds – 167 base Server for High-Assurance Time-
Critical Applications – 438
SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur- Assessment of Shore Protection Project
ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor- Performance Following the 2004 Hurri- eReadiness of Business Pro-
phous Silicon – 173 cane Season – 196 cesses – 287
A-26
Evolution of the Configuration Database Data Analysis and Compression Tech- Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring
Design – 291 niques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experi- System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific
Experiments in Expression Recogni- ments – 29 Military Domains – 436
tion – 333 Identification and Control of Haptic Sys- Computation of Delays in Acyclical Dis-
Extension of ITU-T Recommendation tems: A Computational Theory – 350 tributed Decisionmaking Organiza-
P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Information Technology (IT) Manage- tions – 429
Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 ment: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Decentralized Control and Decentralized
Incorporating Active and Multi-Database- Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430 Adaptive Control – 384
State Services into an OSA-Compliant SSC San Diego Brief 2002 – 322 Forum Guide to Decision Support Sys-
Interoperability Toolkit – 310 WindSat Applications for Weather Fore-
tems: A Resource for Educators – 281
Managing Contention and Timing Con- casters and Data Assimilation – 194 Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Sys-
straints in a Real-Time Database Sys- DATA RETRIEVAL tems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Deci-
tem – 426 sion Making – 387
Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting
Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Da- Vertical Fragmentation – 281 Global En Route Basing Infrastructure
tabase Systems in the Framework of Location Model – 21
HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex
Discrete Event Systems – 373 Summary Report of Finding of the Deci-
Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast
Standards Database Maintenance Bitmap Indices – 440 sion Science Working Group
Phase II – 425 (DSWG) – 433
DATA STORAGE
DATA COMPRESSION A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Distributed Compression in Camera Sen- Distributed Configuration Manage- An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle
sor Networks – 308 ment – 310 Analysis – 387
DATA FLOW ANALYSIS Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing,
Research and Development of High- Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Ana- Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptiv-
Capacity Optical Link Technolo- lytical Solutions and Approxima- ity and Trust Management – 384
gies – 292 tions – 343 Computation of Delays in Acyclical Dis-
DATA INTEGRATION DATA STRUCTURES tributed Decisionmaking Organiza-
HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex tions – 429
NOAA’s Environmental Data Manage-
ment: Integrating the Pieces – 193 Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Forum Guide to Decision Support Sys-
Bitmap Indices – 440 tems: A Resource for Educators – 281
DATA LINKS
Mitigating TCP Degradation over Inter- DATA SYSTEMS Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Sys-
mittent Link Failures using Intermediate A Simple Data Logging System for Bal- tems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Deci-
Buffers – 120 listic Applications – 135 sion Making – 387
UAVs and Control Delays – 18 DATA TRANSMISSION Pipeline Optimization Program
Advanced Lightpath Establishment for (PLOP) – 377
DATA MANAGEMENT Distributed Computing – 317 Summary Report of Finding of the Deci-
Encapsulation Application Research of
Mitigating TCP Degradation over Inter- sion Science Working Group
ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi-
mittent Link Failures using Intermediate (DSWG) – 433
ronment – 171
Buffers – 120 Support of Mission and Work Scheduling
Evolution of the Configuration Database
Simulation and Performance of Data by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276
Design – 291
Communication using AMSS – 12 Temporal Planning with Preferences and
NOAA’s Environmental Data Manage- Probabilities – 381
ment: Integrating the Pieces – 193 DC 8 AIRCRAFT
Turbulence and mountain wave condi- DECISION THEORY
The Challenges of Information Manage- tions observed with an airborne 2-micron
ment in the Networked Battlespace: Un- Decision Analysis to Support Condition-
lidar – 25 Based Maintenance Plus – 19
manned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and
the Warfighter – 431 DEACTIVATION Decision Support Methods and
Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of Tools – 387
DATA MINING the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation
Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot Summary Report of Finding of the Deci-
Mode – 187 sion Science Working Group
Free Codes – 217
Physical Methods For Inactivating (DSWG) – 433
Detecting Potential Insider Threats Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399
Through Email Datamining – 427 DECODERS
Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of OCDM Transmission Experiments on
DATA PROCESSING EQUIPMENT Individual Water Purification De- JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291
A Simple Data Logging System for Bal- vices – 402
DECOMPOSITION
listic Applications – 135 DEATH A Four-Component Decomposition of
Expressive Threat Detection Validation Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol POLSAR Image – 426
Framework – 299 Hexaphosphate – 230
Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in
DATA PROCESSING DEBRIS H2(II+) – 396
Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Is- Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for
Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several sues and Solutions – 33 Real Time Decomposition of Superposed
Orders of Magnitude – 290 DECISION MAKING Radar Signals in the Presence of
Noise – 152
Computation of Delays in Acyclical Dis- A Continuous-Time Distributed Version
tributed Decisionmaking Organiza- of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Decision Support Methods and
tions – 429 Problem – 341 Tools – 387
A-27
Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact DEFENSE PROGRAM DELAMINATING
Signals Based on Wavelet Decomposi- Department of Defense Net-Centric 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture
tions – 345 Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspec-
Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3- Military Space Programs: Issues Con- tive – 78
Butadiene Decomposition – 90 cerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Pro- DEMULTIPLEXING
Model Averaging and Dimension Selec- grams – 41 EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique
tion for the Singular Value Decomposi- Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmis-
tion – 395 Production of Nuclear Weapons: Back- sion – 126
Modeling and Control of Physical Pro- ground and Issues for Congress – 186 DENDRIMERS
cesses Using Proper Orthogonal Decom- The National Biodefense Analysis and Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic
position – 378 Countermeasures Center: Issues for Devices Using Dendrimers – 179
Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Congress – 221 DENDRITIC CRYSTALS
Decomposition of Chemical Warfare DEFLAGRATION The Role of the Neurofibromin-
Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and Experimental Study of Deflagration-to- Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu-
QL – 95 Detonation Enhancement Techniques in lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En- and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 235
Based Control of Transverse Beam Vi- gine – 27 DENMARK
brations: Experimental Implementa- Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337
tion – 403 DEFLECTION
Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics DENSE PLASMAS
Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Re-
of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 flection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF)
Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction
Propulsion Device – 414
and Impact – 75 DEFORMATION
An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Defor- DENSITY MEASUREMENT
DECOMPRESSION SICKNESS
mations for a Homogeneous Beam at Complementary Density Measurements
Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PRE-
Varying Tip Loads and Pitch
With Neurologic Decompression Sick- PRINT) – 417
Angles – 14
ness – 222
Deformation Microstructure in Beta- DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID
Exercise Following Simulated Parachut-
Titanium After Deformation at Low Tem- Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1
ing from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Re-
peratures – 102 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 248
duced and is the Probability of Post De-
scent Decompression Sickness In- Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot
creased? – 275 Research and Development (R&R) Sup- Free Codes – 217
port: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot
Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Tar-
Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare
Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon get for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal
Earth Magnets – 102
Emulsion – 256 Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212
X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium
DECONTAMINATION Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti-
New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sen- Chemoprevention of Prostate-
6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstruc- Cancer – 238
sitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 ture (PREPRINT) – 103
DECOYS DEGRADATION Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Impact of Threshold Degradation on by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En-
Circuits – 325 Availability of Digital Fixed Radio coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
Nonelectronic Countermeasures for In- Links – 119 nome – 224
frared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Investigating Double Hearing Protection Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El-
Heat Decoys as Countermea- using Human Subjects – 411 evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres-
sures – 461 sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225
Mitigating TCP Degradation over Inter-
Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Ef- mittent Link Failures using Intermediate Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
fects of a Towline Using the Method of Buffers – 120 cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
Characteristics – 16
Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degra- Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in
DEEP SPACE NETWORK dation Studies – 178 Recombination – 242
Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strate- Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects
DEHUMIDIFICATION
gies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 Against Monkeypox – 228
Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For
DEFECTS Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu- DEPLETION
Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Ar- rity – 165 A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon-
chitectures: Reliable Computing with Un- drites – 189
DEHYDRATED FOOD
reliable Devices – 293
Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated
GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Perfor- Years – 221 Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth
mance: the Amazing Physics of Grain- and Response to Chemotherapy – 243
Boundaries and Killer-Defects in Chal- DEHYDRATION
copyrites – 176 A Research Program on Health, Perfor- DEPLOYMENT
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold
Method and Apparatus for the Portable
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Environments – 271
Identification Of Material Thickness And
Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Application of Shift Work Scheduling
Spatially Controlled Heat Applica- Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Principles and Tools for Optimizing Con-
tion – 113 Dehydrated Rats – 87 sole Based Operations – 263
A-28
Building Psychological Resiliency and Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: DARPA Integrated Sensing and Process-
Mitigating the Risks of Combat and De- CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role ing (ISP) Program. Approximation Meth-
ployment Stressors Faced by Sol- in Gulf War Illness – 250 ods for Markov Decision Problems in
diers – 278 Sensor Management – 363
DEPRIVATION
Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using
Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effec- Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner
tive or is Refractive Surgery a Better the Operational Environment – 264 and Baseline Rotation – 416
Option? – 261 Design and Performance of the Soft
DEPTH
Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Af- Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir- Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis-
ghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, sion – 450
Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor- Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of
Army Institute of Research Land Combat phology Change – 124 Structural Protein Units by the Integrated
Study – 277 Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass
DERIVATION
Investigating the Applicability of Architec- Spectrometry – 235
ture Description in Configuration Man- Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu-
vers – 31 Detecting Periodic Components in a
agement and Software Deploy- White Gaussian Time Series – 192
ment – 303 DESERTS
Detecting Potential Insider Threats
Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Through Email Datamining – 427
Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern
Psychosocial Perspective – 266 California Desert – 196 Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi-
tive Information through Bottleneck Moni-
Medical Personnel Motivation in One In- DESICCANTS toring – 438
ternational Mission – 274 Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For
Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu- Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas-
Optimal Geometric Deployment of a sengers: Recommendation of the 9/11
Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation rity – 165
System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12 DESIGN ANALYSIS Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs
Optimizing Operational Physical Fit- Maintaining Combat Readiness in the With Neurologic Decompression Sick-
ness – 271 Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The ness – 222
Psychosocial Perspective – 266
Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Development and Testing of a Novel
Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Standard Particle for Performance Verifi-
Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447 ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec-
gram) – 373 tion Systems – 112
Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) Development of Methods for the Real-
from April 1, 2003, through March 31, and Final Design Review (FDR) Crite- Time and Rapid Identification and Detec-
2004 – 253 ria – 297 tion of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluo-
Terrorism and its Impact on the Construc- rescence Spectroscopy of the
Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar
tion Industry – 168 Eye – 251
Arrays – 41
Thermal Design and Analysis of the Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War-
RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple- fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature
mentation – 286 Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injec-
tor – 93 Survey 1990-2005 – 248
R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in Distributed Detection from Multiple Sen-
the World – 127 Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the
Next Generation Airlocks – 142 sors with Correlated Observa-
Selected Environmental Factors of tions – 334
Czech Contingent Soldiers during their DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza-
1 – 130
Status Markers after their Homecom- tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec-
ing – 271 tronic Devices – 434 Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer
Test – 149
Strategies to Improve Alertness during Habitat Design Optimization and Analy-
Extended Deployments – 263 sis – 452 Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded
Ordnance (UXO) Detection System De-
Stress and Psychological Sup- DESIGN TO COST veloped by Geophysical Solu-
port – 277 NASA: Sound Management and Over- tions – 153
sight Key to Addressing Crew Explora-
Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary tion Vehicle Project Risks – 424 Expressive Threat Detection Validation
Forces: Expanded Operational Architec- Framework – 299
ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- DETECTION F-22A Raptor – 22
ning and Control – 121 Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of
Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Litera- Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sens-
The Risk Assessment of Occupational ing – 127
ture Study – 410
and Environmental Hazards – 272
Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for De- Formation Algorithms and Simulation
Treatment of PTSD-Related Anger in tecting Incipient Instability – 129 Testbed – 444
Troops Returning From Hazardous De-
ployments – 229 Components for Cooperative Intrusion High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec-
Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environ- tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space
DEPOSITION ments – 317 Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on-
Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45
Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Computer Exxtimated Probability of De-
Army Main Battle Tank Compo- tection: Can You Hide from a Com- Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing
nents – 99 puter? – 332 Mission – 445
A-29
Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) DETONATION DIFFUSION
Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation Experimental Study of Deflagration-to- Computational Modeling of Multicompo-
for Distributed Sensor Networks and Mis- Detonation Enhancement Techniques in nent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394
sile Seeker Systems – 293 a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En- Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discreti-
Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta- gine – 27 zation of the Diffusion Equation for Arbi-
tionary Orbit Determination – 38 Initiation of Detonation in a Large trary Polyhedral Grids – 290
Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantiza- Tube – 27 SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur-
tion in Distributed Detection Sys- Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch- ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor-
tems – 154 ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 phous Silicon – 173
On the Contraction Mapping Method for DIAGNOSIS DIGITAL CAMERAS
Frequency Detection – 370 AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing, Eye Detection in Intensity Images for
Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptiv- Official Identity Documents – 152
in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent ity and Trust Management – 384
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
Controls – 339 Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War- Applications of Digital Transfer of Com-
fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature puter Aided Design Data for Production
Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky
Survey 1990-2005 – 248 Usage (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of
Cells, Tissues, and Medical De- Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ul- search Program) – 305
vices – 254 trasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and
DIGITAL DATA
Emergency Therapeutics – 247
Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Supporting Situation Assessment
Formation Flying Missions – 48 Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics through Attention Guidance: A Cost-
With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- Benefit and Depth of Processing Analy-
Robust Adaptive Signal Processing verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 sis – 259
Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut-
ter Scenarios – 85 DIAMONDS DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS
Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 Close Formation Flight of Micro-
Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate-
gies – 53 DIELECTRICS Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49
Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera- Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We
tions – 260 Liquid Crystals – 94 Can ‘See’ – 451
Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De- DIETS DIGITAL SYSTEMS

tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Digital Radiography – 407
at Remote Military of Native American Children from Burma – 87
Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
Health Care Facilities – 231 Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol 1 – 130
Video Moving Target Indication in the Resveratrol – 239
Analysts’ Detection Support Sys- Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi-
tem – 153 Use among Elite U.S. Army Sol- ronment – 171
diers – 438
DETECTORS Impact of Threshold Degradation on
Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Availability of Digital Fixed Radio
Denial of Service in Sensor Net-
Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Links – 119
works – 322
Associated with Spaceflight – 255
Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of Modeling of Block-Based DSP Sys-
Report of Visits to Singapore and tems – 292
Structural Protein Units by the Integrated
Djakarta – 220
Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass DIOXIDES
Spectrometry – 235 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use
Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabili- A Concise Physical Interpretation of Sev- of Individual Water Purification De-
ties of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364 eral Analytical Grueneisen Formula- vices – 89
tions – 358
Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica- DIPOLE ANTENNAS
Modeling of Impact on a Flexible
tions – 33 Measurement of the Propagation Con-
Beam – 360
Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic
Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Array (Preprint) – 137
Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation
Nonlinear Elastomers – 106
for Distributed Sensor Networks and Mis- DIPOLE MOMENTS
sile Seeker Systems – 293 Sensitivity Analysis of Differential- A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob-
Algebraic Equations and Partial Differen- lem – 351
Neural Networks for Tactile Percep-
tial Equations – 281
tion – 294
DIRECT CURRENT
The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite-
Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detec- Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC
tors – 401 Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347 Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133
Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogene- DIFFRACTION DISABILITIES
ity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interfer- A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1-
Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of
ence Backgrounds – 366 Associated Learning Disabilities – 217
FOX-7 – 96
DETONATION WAVES Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction To- DISASTERS
Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch- mography – 208 Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply
ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 DIFFUSION FLAMES with Special Provision for Experiences in
ISAF 2003 – 270
Propagation of Detonation Waves in Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub-
Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu- Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs
Tube – 27 sion Flames – 146 for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197
A-30
Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in The Role of the Neurofibromin- Neural Networks for Low Level Process-
the USA – 432 Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu- ing of Tactile Sensory Data – 294
lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling
DISCRETE FUNCTIONS DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234
Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution
A Continuous-Time Distributed Version Towards a Unified Approach to Informa- in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster
of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing tion Integration A Review Paper on (Preprint) – 405
Problem – 341 Data/Information Fusion – 280
DIURNAL VARIATIONS
Discrete Representation of Signals from DISORDERS
Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere
Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa-
Application to Noise Suppression and Target in Neurological and Psychiatric
Compression – 342 tions – 460
Disorders – 233
Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian
New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear DISPENSERS Time Structure during Long Duration
Filtering – 343
Simulation of Weapons Release from Flights in Man – 276
Predicates and Predicate Transformers Cargo Aircraft – 8 DIVING (UNDERWATER)
for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event
DISPERSION At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target
Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement
Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block Mitigation – 127 Technique and First Results – 387
and Sequential Detection in Uncertain Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With
Environments – 361 DISPLAY DEVICES
B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Ra- 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256
Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to diology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual DOCUMENTS
Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Ana- Search Efficiency – 213 NASA Scientific and Technical Informa-
lytical Solutions and Approxima- tion Standards – 433
tions – 343 Improving Multitalker Speech Communi-
cation with Advanced Audio Dis- DOMAINS
DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS (STATISTICS) plays – 121 Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring
Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vi- Spatial Audio Displays for Improving System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific
sion Systems – 337 Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware- Military Domains – 436
ness in General Aviation Environ- Identification of Materiel Damage in Two
DISEASES ments – 411 Dimensional Domains Using Squid
A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Un- Based NDE System – 364
Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for inhabited Military Vehicles: Human Fac-
Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Joint Capabilities and System-of-System
tor Issues in Augmenting the Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution
Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Force – 265 Domains – 312
Target in Neurological and Psychiatric The Effect of Various Display Modalities
Disorders – 233 KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn-
on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data-
Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po- Performance – 265 Poor Domains – 330
tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap- Using Videos Derived from Simulations
plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the DOMINANCE
to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware-
Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa- ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 Building SMART Leadership – 423
tients – 243 DOPED CRYSTALS
DISSOLVED GASES
Call-Center Based Disease Management Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal
Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste-
of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235 Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide
water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive
Thin Disks – 158
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Principal Component Analysis – 376
Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro- Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive
DISTORTION Liquid Crystals – 94
teins – 254 Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis-
Development of Methods for the Real- sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence DOSAGE
Time and Rapid Identification and Detec- after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Initial Technology Assessment for the En-
tion of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluo- vironmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB)
Novel Techniques and Their Applications
rescence Spectroscopy of the System – 152
for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of
Eye – 251 Welded Structures (The National Ship- Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine In-
Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira building Research Program) – 162 ducer – 249
Infections in Andean Northern DISTRIBUTED INTERACTIVE SIMULA- Summary: Annual Site Environmental
Peru – 218 TION Report Radiological Doses and Re-
Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Sub- leases, 1998-2001 – 185
Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes
that Regulate Radiation Responses in systems for End-to-End Spacecraft Mod- DRAG REDUCTION
Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 eling – 38 Performance Analysis of a Wing With
Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro- DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING Multiple Winglets – 3
gram – 240 A Reusable, Distributed Repository for DRAINAGE
Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegen- Configuration Management Policy Pro- Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Up-
erative Disorders With Mitochondrial gramming – 312 per Mississippi River Backwater
Dysfunction – 228 Client/Server Model for Distributed Com- Lake – 85
puting: An Implementation – 328 DREDGED MATERIALS
Research and Operational Support for
the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Efficiently Distributing Component- Screening Evaluations for Upland Con-
Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal Based Applications Across Wide-Area fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual-
Thai Government – 213 Environments – 295 ity – 84
A-31
DRONE VEHICLES DUCTILITY DYNAMIC RANGE
A Comparison of Trajectory Determina- An Experimental and Computational In- Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic
tion Approaches for Small UAVs – 22 vestigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture Range of Linearized Directional Coupler
AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and in Stainless Steel Welds – 103 Modulators – 136
Simulation System – 18 Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac- Motor Controller System For Large Dy-
ture – 402 namic Range of Motor Operation – 165
Characterization of UAV Performance
and Development of a Formation Flight DUNES
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17 Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of
Dynamic Compressive Responses and
Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload Coastal Inlet Navigation Chan-
Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics
Analysis – 6 nels – 172
Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial DUPLEXERS
Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for DYNAMIC TESTS
Formation Flying Missions – 49 Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environ-
Sensor Management for Fighter Applica- ment for Dynamic Testing of Struc-
tions – 15 DURABILITY
tures – 448
Effects of Heat Treatment and Formula-
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime tion on the Phase Composition and
Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS
Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ce-
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value ramic Waste Form – 110 Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical
in Security Operations – 20 Systems – 385
DUST
DROP TESTS Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Feedback Control of Bifurcation and
Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surro- Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359
gate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical Chondrites – 190 Language Stability and Stabilizability of
Protective Uniforms – 115 DYES Discrete Event Dynamical Sys-
DROPS (LIQUIDS) Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor- tems – 383
Dynamics and Suppression Effective- mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Predicates and Predicate Transformers
ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event
Non-Premixed Counterflow Movement – 177 Dynamical Systems – 382
Flames – 88 Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT-
Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed 077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preopera- EAR PROTECTORS
Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and tively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis-
Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 Cancer – 236 sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence
after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411
DROSOPHILA DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS
Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe- An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Double protection passive pour les equi-
ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki- Control Policies and the Dynamic pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ :
nase A – 205 Service-Time Performance of a Concept et etude experimentale (Design
Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Man- and Experimental Study of the Passive
DRUGS Double Hearing Protection for the Crew
agement Facility – 12
Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411
Target in Neurological and Psychiatric DYNAMIC CONTROL
Disorders – 233 Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satel- Experimentation to Address Appropriate
lite Formations for the Purpose of Space- Test Techniques for Measuring the At-
Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po- tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear-
tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap- Based Remote Sensing – 41
ing Protectors – 410
plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Proceedings from the 2nd International
Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa- Symposium on Formation Flying Mis- Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted
tients – 243 sions and Technologies – 47 Sound – 19
High Throughput Screen to Identify System Dynamics and Control System Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active
Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator Noise Control for Hearing Protection and
Metastasis – 236 and Fast Tool Servo – 125 Communication – 410
Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduc- DYNAMIC LOADS Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation
tion Systems for Family Maltreatment, Dynamic Compressive Responses and Personnel – 20
Suicidality, and Substance Problems in Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics
the USAF – 257 Investigating Double Hearing Protection
using Human Subjects – 411
Motivational Interventions to Reduce Al- DYNAMIC MODELS
cohol Use in a Military Population – 244 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian
Formations Near the Libration Points: Military Personnel – 187
Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization Design Strategies Using Natural and
of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode- Non-Natural Arcs – 49 EARLY WARNING SYSTEMS
gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245 Progress Toward a Format Standard for Military Space Programs: Issues Con-
Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent Flight Dynamics Models – 30 cerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Pro-
for the Treatment of Prostate Can- grams – 42
DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING
cer – 205
Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme EARPHONES
Strategies to Improve Alertness during for a Partially Observed Controlled
Extended Deployments – 263 Double protection passive pour les equi-
Markov Chain – 357
pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ :
DRYING On the Poisson Equation for Countable Concept et etude experimentale (Design
Economic Impact Analysis of the Per- Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions and Experimental Study of the Passive
chloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual and Parameter Dependence by Probabi- Double Hearing Protection for the Crew
Risk Standard – 184 listic Methods – 346 of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411
A-32
Experimentation to Address Appropriate ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT International Meeting on Medical Simula-
Test Techniques for Measuring the At- University-Industry Relations in Hungary: tion (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held
tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear- Establishment Scheme of the Budapest in San Diego, California on January 14-
ing Protectors – 410 University of Technology and Economics, 17, 2006 – 241
EAR Information Technology Innovation and Maintaining Combat Readiness in the
Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The
An Algorithm for the Accurate Localiza-
tion of Sounds – 137 ECONOMIC IMPACT Psychosocial Perspective – 266
EARTH ATMOSPHERE Economic Impact Analysis of the Per- NRaD Writing and Editorial Guidelines.
chloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Revision 1 – 439
Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propa-
Risk Standard – 184
gation and Global Modeling – 195 Online Learning Style and e-Learning
Global Reference Atmospheric Models, ECONOMICS Approaches – 285
Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve- Economic, Energy, and Environmental Optimizing Operational Physical Fit-
nus and Earth – 452 Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in ness – 271
California. Report for May 2005 to April
High Resolution Spectroscopy to Sup- 2006 – 174 Quality Education and ‘Quality Pa-
port Atmospheric Measurements – 185 pers’ – 166
ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting,
WRSM Operations Concept – 200 Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75 Report of Visit to the Public Health Col-
EARTH IONOSPHERE Evaluation of the Quality of an Informa- lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb-
Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere tion Security Management Sys- ruary 22-25, 1961 – 219
Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa- tem – 289 Report of Visits to Singapore and
tions – 460 Djakarta – 220
Integration of an Economy Under Imper-
EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM SPACE) fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco- Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 logical Model – 283 Engineering and Computer Science Ac-
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Physical Look on Economic and Finance cording to Bologna Process – 289
Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con- Oscillations – 131 Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring
trol for Satellite Formations – 443 Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics System (TAO ITS) – 308
EARTH ORBITS (The National Shipbuilding Research The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for
Formation Algorithms and Simulation Program) – 332 Parallel Computing – 285
Testbed – 444 ECOSYSTEMS The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Tech-
GNC System for the Deployment and Integration of an Economy Under Imper- nologies – 279
Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco- Work Planning for Shipyard Surface
Interferometer – 443 logical Model – 283 Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A
Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta- EDGES Training Manual) – 100
tionary Orbit Determination – 38 The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coat- EFFICIENCY
Proceedings from the 2nd International ing Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66 Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component
Symposium on Formation Flying Mis-
EDUCATION of the Long Term Resource Monitoring
sions and Technologies – 47
Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to Program: Predicted versus Observed
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- an Existing Training Simulation – 332 Catch – 114
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or-
Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring Series Connected Buck-Boost Regula-
bit – 35
System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific tor – 139
EARTH (PLANET) Military Domains – 436 EFFLUENTS
Making Robot Planes Useful for Scien-
tific Investigation of Earth – 13 Course Curriculum Development for the Screening Evaluations for Upland Con-
Future Cyberwarrior – 431 fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual-
EARTH SCIENCES ity – 84
Examination of the Armagh Observatory
Annual Mean Temperature Record, Final Environmental Assessment for the EIGENVALUES
1844-2004 – 199 Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Ro-
Force Base, New Mexico – 14 tational Symmetry – 390
EARTH-MOON SYSTEM
Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame- Application of Center Manifold Reduction
Orbit – 55 work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring to System Stabilization – 392
Systems – 10 Families of Liapunov Functions for Non-
Formations Near the Libration Points:
Design Strategies Using Natural and Forum Guide to Decision Support Sys- linear Systems in Critical Cases – 394
Non-Natural Arcs – 49 tems: A Resource for Educators – 281 Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlin-
From Distance Learning to Blended ear Systems with an Uncontrollable Criti-
ECCENTRIC ORBITS
Learning: A Program Incorporating Mul- cal Mode – 393
Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric tiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning -
Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Examples from V-learn.ie – 285 EJECTORS
Relative Motion – 54 Integration of a Pulsed Detonation En-
How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful gine With an Ejector Pump and With a
Proceedings from the 2nd International Animations for Teaching and Research
Symposium on Formation Flying Mis- Turbo-Charger as Methods to Self-
Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camta- Aspirate – 28
sions and Technologies – 47 sia(TradeMark) – 287
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per- ELASTIC BODIES
ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Modeling of Impact on a Flexible
Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75 Pilots – 267 Beam – 360
A-33
ELASTIC DEFORMATION ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTROMAGNETIC COUPLING
An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Defor- Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sens- Electrical Drive Inductive Cou-
mations for a Homogeneous Beam at ing – 127 pling – 131
Varying Tip Loads and Pitch International Conference on Advances in ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Angles – 14 the Internet, Processing, Systems and Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc-
ELASTIC PROPERTIES Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 ture and Bonding – 75
Analysis of Bonded Elastic MARBELLA) – 284
Blocks – 110 ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPULSION
Magnetic Field Response Measurement
Incorporating Active and Multi-Database- Acquisition System – 140
State Services into an OSA-Compliant Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical
Interoperability Toolkit – 310 The Relative Position Control in Forma-
Engineering and Computer Science Ac- tion Flying Satellites Using Super-
Modeling of Impact on a Flexible cording to Bologna Process – 289 Conducting Magnets – 62
Beam – 360 ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
The Immersed Interface Method for Elas- Fabrication and Characterization of Elec-
Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Nu-
ticity Problems with Interfaces – 400 tric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at
merical Simulation of Unsteady Electro-
ELASTIC SCATTERING the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133
magnetic Waves – 403
An Iterative Substructuring Method for Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sens- Frequency Selective Materials for Con-
Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Prob- ing – 127 trol of Radiated Emissions and Interfer-
lems – 347 ence Suppression, Phase 2 – 149
ELECTRICITY
ELASTOMERS New Perspectives for Power Transmis- High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen-
Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 sion in the European Liberalized Electric- eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration
Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of ity Market and Possible Role of Four- by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of
Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 Phase Systems – 132 BBELF Turbulence – 417
ELECTRIC FIELDS ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY The Inherent Visible Light Signature of
Fabrication and Characterization of Elec- Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light
tric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Source Due to Combined Raman and
the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Fluorescence Effects – 414
Training Operation – 269
Physical Methods For Inactivating ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRA
Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399 ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of
Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability Individual Water Purification De-
ELECTRIC GENERATORS
and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni vices – 402
Government Activities to Protect the Alloys – 64
Electric Grid – 181 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE FILTERS
ELECTRIC NETWORKS ELECTROCHEMISTRY Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters:
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: Characteristic Electrochemical Noise Very Large Time-Constant Cir-
Very Large Time-Constant Cir- During Electrochemical Determination of cuits – 406
cuits – 406 Hydrogen Permeation – 64
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE TRANSMIS-
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non- Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability SION
Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifi- and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Nu-
ers – 405 Alloys – 63 merical Simulation of Unsteady Electro-
Electrochemically Generated Oxidant magnetic Waves – 403
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL
Disinfection in the Use of Individual Wa- Measurement of the Propagation Con-
Series Connected Buck-Boost Regula- ter Purification Devices – 89
tor – 139 stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic
ELECTRODEPOSITION Array (Preprint) – 137
ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS
Economic, Energy, and Environmental Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of ELECTROMECHANICAL DEVICES
Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in Army Main Battle Tank Compo-
Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Het-
California. Report for May 2005 to April nents – 99
erojunction Field Effect Transistors and
2006 – 174 ELECTRODES its Implications – 137
Government Activities to Protect the Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic ELECTROMECHANICS
Electric Grid – 181 Range of Linearized Directional Coupler
Electromechanical Television Systems
Modulators – 136
Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and
Trough Development – 180 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Synthesis – 131
Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
Initiative – 176 Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored 1 – 130
ELECTRIC PROPULSION Arc Welding Electrodes – 101 ELECTRON BEAMS
A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric ELECTROMAGNETIC ABSORPTION Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for
Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63 the Polarized Positron Production Ex-
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors
Development of a Ship Service Fuel for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- periment – 156
Cell – 181 monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp- Superconducting Photocathodes – 396
Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex-
haust Streams – 419 ELECTRON MOBILITY
Propulsion – 61
Comparison of Numerical and Experi-
Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simula- ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of
tions Using a Particle-in-Cell Electrical Drive Inductive Cou- the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre-
Method – 417 pling – 131 print) – 312
A-34
ELECTRON RADIATION ELEMENTARY PARTICLE INTERAC- Rheological and Mechanical Consider-
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- TIONS ations for Photovoltaic Encapsu-
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic De- lants – 182
bit – 35 cays B yields X(sub u)lV from BA- ENCOUNTERS
BAR – 421
ELECTRON SCATTERING Building Psychological Resiliency and
X-ray Observations of the Black Hole EMBEDDING Mitigating the Risks of Combat and De-
Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sen- ployment Stressors Faced by Sol-
X-ray Activity – 450 sors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue diers – 278
Resistance of Composite Laminates Un- ENDOCRINOLOGY
ELECTRON SOURCES der Mode I Loading – 79
Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of
EMERGENCIES Overweight and Obesity in African Ameri-
ELECTRON TRANSFER cans and Caucasians – 231
An Emergency Communications Safety
Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili- Net: Integrating 911 and Other Ser- ENDOTHELIUM
ties Within the Positive-Differential- vices – 119 Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres-
Resistance Regions of Tunneling De-
An Overview of the U.S. Public Health sion and Function of Vanilloid and En-
vices – 132
System in the Context of Emergency docannabinoid Receptors – 216
ELECTRONIC AIRCRAFT Preparedness – 217 Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting
Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA- Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vas-
18G Growler Aircraft: Background and Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ul-
trasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and cular Endothelium – 249
Issues for Congress – 20
Emergency Therapeutics – 247 Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors
ELECTRONIC CONTROL for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can-
Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing cer – 246
Mission – 445
ISAF 2003 – 269 ENERGY ABSORPTION
Studies on Architecture and Control Scaling of Energy Absorption in Compos-
Technology for Optical Packet EMISSION
ites to Enhance Survivability – 79
Switches – 127 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated ENERGY GAPS (SOLID STATE)
ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple-
Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Limits on Shipyard Workers – 186 Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High-
Circuits – 325 Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys-
EMITTANCE tems – 176
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT TESTS
Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays ENERGY SOURCES
Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407
Synthesis and Testing – 138 Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180
The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT ENERGY SPECTRA
Localisation – 409
Mixed-Signal Electronics Technology for X-ray Observations of the Black Hole
Space (MSETS) – 128 EMITTERS Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- X-ray Activity – 450
ELECTRONIC MAIL tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
Detecting Potential Insider Threats the Emitter and Back Contact – 183
Through Email Datamining – 428 Strategic Planning of Communications
Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar
ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE Energy Technologies Program – 177
Electronic Structure Studies of High En- EMOTIONAL FACTORS
ENERGY TRANSFER
ergy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 94 Online Learning Style and e-Learning
Approaches – 285 100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer
Electronic Structure Studies of Power Converter Prototype Develop-
Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses ment Project – 141
to Service Failure – 288
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DRAWINGS
Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- EMPLOYMENT Agent-Based Engineering Drawing
sign Tools – 47 Monitoring Employment Conditions of Analysis – 324
Military Spouses – 368 Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in En-
ELECTRO-OPTICS
The Federal Workforce Additional In- gineering Drawing Analysis – 301
Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic
sights Could Enhance Agency Efforts ENGINEERING
Range of Linearized Directional Coupler
Related to Hispanic Representa- Multidisciplinary Environments: A History
Modulators – 136
tion – 423 of Engineering Framework Develop-
Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP
EMULSIONS ment – 317
Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflec-
tance – 135 Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engi-
Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon neers? – 284
ELECTROSLAG WELDING Emulsion – 256
ENGINEERS
Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding
of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Cast- ENCAPSULATING Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engi-
ings (The National Shipbuilding Re- Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139 neers? – 284
search Program) – 165 Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical
Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsu- Engineering and Computer Science Ac-
ELECTROSTATIC WAVES
lant Formulations at NREL – 175 cording to Bologna Process – 289
High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen-
eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration Encapsulation Application Research of ENHANCED VISION
by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi- Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer
BBELF Turbulence – 417 ronment – 171 Test – 150
A-35
Using Videos Derived from Simulations EQUATIONS OF MOTION Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen
to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware- Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu-
ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 Orbits Using Linearized Equations of mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can-
Relative Motion – 54 cer – 210
ENTROPY
Entropy, Perception, and Relativ- Development and Validation of Reentry ESTERS
ity – 427 Simulation Using MATLAB – 390
Characterization of a Novel Intracellular
Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft For- Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylg-
ENUMERATION
mations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular lycerol in Prostate Cancer – 212
Solving Integer Programs With Enumera- Libration Points – 444
tion Cutting Planes – 300 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants
Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate
ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION Gravitational Field – 34 Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems
Summary: Annual Site Environmental from Molecular Structure by
Report Radiological Doses and Re- EQUATIONS OF STATE
SPARC – 282
leases, 1998-2001 – 185 Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and
Compensators: A State-Dependent Ric- ESTIMATES
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY cati Equation Approach – 355 Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme
Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For for a Partially Observed Controlled
Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu- EQUATIONS
Performance of the Shallow Water Equa- Markov Chain – 357
rity – 165
tions on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Su- Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Sys-
ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS percomputer – 356 tems in Correlated Noise with Non-
A Research Program on Health, Perfor- Gaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in ERROR ANALYSIS
Behavior of the Difference Between the
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367
Formation Flying – 59
Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima
of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Throughput and Packet Error Probability in Watershed Model Calibration – 354
Fiber Orientation – 90 of Cellular Frequency-Hopped Spread-
Spectrum Radio Networks – 404 Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly-
Effects of Frequency and Environment Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro-
on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide Two Methods for Calibration Without A cess – 362
Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. Through Connection On A Three-
C – 88 Sampler Vector Analyzer – 283 Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from
WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195
ENZYME ACTIVITY ERROR CORRECTING CODES
Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in
Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity Type II Chondrules and Limited Over-
are Down-Regulated During Hibernation Communications – 336
growths on Phenocrysts Following the
in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 ERROR SIGNALS Final Melting Event – 191
ENZYMES The Precision Formation Flying Inte-
grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 59 ESTIMATING
Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity
are Down-Regulated During Hibernation Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu-
ERRORS vers – 31
in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223
A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-
Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe- Phase Time Transfer – 135 ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting,
ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki- Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75
Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly-
nase A – 204 Global Radius of Curvature Estimation
Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro-
cess – 362 and Control System for Segmented Mir-
EPIDEMIOLOGY
rors – 166
Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Can- Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate-
cer – 248 gies – 53 Learning User Preferences for Sets of
Objects – 291
Towards a Unified Approach to Informa- The Effect of Various Display Modalities
tion Integration A Review Paper on on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Parameter Estimation Techniques for a
Data/Information Fusion – 280 Performance – 265 Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398
EPITAXY ERYTHROCYTES Soviet Technique for Estimating Post-
Real-Time Process Monitoring by Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding
P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy (The National Shipbuilding Research
and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Program) – 162
ISAF 2003 – 270
Epitaxy – 420
Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched ESTROGENS
EPITHELIUM Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Co-
Suppression of Prostate Cancer by Merozoites – 223 operate With Estrogen to Promote Estro-
PTEN and p18INK4c – 218 Selected Environmental Factors of gen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquiti-
Czech Contingent Soldiers during their nation and Proteolysis in ER Negative
EPOXY MATRIX COMPOSITES Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Breast Cancers – 251
Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sen- Status Markers after their Homecom- Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated
sors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue ing – 271 Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth
Resistance of Composite Laminates Un-
ESCHERICHIA and Response to Chemotherapy – 243
der Mode I Loading – 79
A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es- Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabo-
EPOXY RESINS cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for lism and Progression From High-Grade
The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coat- Production of Organophosphorus Hydro- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HG-
ing Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66 lase – 69 PIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216
A-36
ETHICS EVAPORATORS EXPOSURE
The Human Volunteer in Military Bio- Task Technical and Quality Assurance Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold
medical Research (Military Medical Eth- Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analy- Environments – 271
ics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241 sis – 76 Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha-
ETHIOPIA EXCITONS nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo-
Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea
Report of Visit to the Public Health Col-
Exciton Generation – 178 Pigs – 65
lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb-
ruary 22-25, 1961 – 220 Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War-
EXHAUST GASES
fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature
ETHNIC FACTORS Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec-
Survey 1990-2005 – 248
Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast tion and Force/Moment Genera-
tion – 32 Exercise Following Simulated Parachut-
Cancer Among Women by Ethnic-
ity – 210 EXHAUST NOZZLES duced and is the Probability of Post De-
ETHYLENE Thermal Design and Analysis of the scent Decompression Sickness In-
Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injec- creased? – 275
Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene- tor – 93
Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frost-
Styrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) bite during Exposure to Cold
the New Paradigm for Booster Rock- Winds – 197
ETIOLOGY ets – 42
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Af-
Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill- EXHAUSTION ghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S.
ness Resembling Inhalation An- Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed
thrax – 224 Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Army Institute of Research Land Combat
Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Study – 277
EUROPE Training Operation – 269 Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment
GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Posi- of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111
tion in Space – 46 EXPERIMENT DESIGN
Evaluating Product Machinability for Maintaining Combat Readiness in the
National Security Space Policy in the Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The
Concurrent Engineering – 385
U.S. and Europe. Trends and Psychosocial Perspective – 266
Choices – 34 Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component
of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me-
EUTROPHICATION Program: Predicted versus Observed teorological Parameters STS-1 Through
Conceptual Processes for Linking Catch – 114 STS-107 – 193
Eutrophication and Network Mod- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
els – 354 EXPERT SYSTEMS gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated
Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure
EVALUATION an Existing Training Simulation – 332 Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Combining Welding Expert Systems With
Simulator for Tracker Performance As- The Risk Assessment of Occupational
Welding Databases to Improve Ship- and Environmental Hazards – 272
sessment – 314 building Production (The National Ship-
building Research Program) – 164 User Manual for EXPRESS, the
Development and Testing of a Novel
‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation
Standard Particle for Performance Verifi- Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi- Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30,
cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec- tive Information through Bottleneck Moni- 2006 – 283
tion Systems – 112 toring – 438
EXTERNAL STORES
National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in En-
gram. Performance Testing of Marine Control of Acoustics and Store Separa-
gineering Drawing Analysis – 301 tion in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8
Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Pro-
cedures – 68 Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula- EXTERNAL TANKS
tion Model – 314 High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec-
Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si
PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Towards a Unified Approach to Informa- tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space
Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil- tion Integration A Review Paper on Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on-
ity – 182 Data/Information Fusion – 280 Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45
Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insu-
Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal EXPLORATION
lation for the External Tank Return to
Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Experiences with a Survey Tool for Dis- Flight – 446
Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition covering Network Time Protocol Serv-
in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes ers – 323 EXTINCTION
IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed
Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108 EXPLOSIONS Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and
Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Va- Water/NaOH Solutions – 352
Small PV Systems Performance Evalua-
uum Decay – 397
tion at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Us- EXTRACTION
ing the PVUSA Power Rating EXPLOSIVES DETECTION A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in
Method – 175 Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas- Information Extraction – 381
Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and sengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 Customized Information Extraction as a
Contact Microphones – 121 Commission and Related Issues – 7 Basis for Resource Discovery – 435
Verification and Validation of NASA- EXPLOSIVES From Sequential Extraction to Transport
Supported Enhancements to the Near Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas- Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation
Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ- sengers: Recommendation of the 9/11 as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic
ing System (HABSOS) – 173 Commission and Related Issues – 7 Contaminants – 64
A-37
Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass FAILURE ANALYSIS Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Ar-
Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag- Failure Assessment – 315 chitectures: Reliable Computing with Un-
netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist reliable Devices – 293
Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess-
Alone – 460
ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous FAULT TREES
EXTRATERRESTRIAL RADIATION Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of Failure Assessment – 315
Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
Last 45 Years – 255 FAILURE MODES Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation
Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif- Failure Assessment – 315 Flying Demonstration – 58
ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard FAILURE
from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 FEASIBILITY
3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Feasibility Study for the Reduction of
EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspec- Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous
Development of Damp-Heat Resistant tive – 78 Anions – 83
Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsu- Dynamic Compressive Responses and Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen-
lant Formulations at NREL – 175 Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics etration of Cockpit Weather Information
Rheological and Mechanical Consider- Under High Confinement – 94 Systems – 25
ations for Photovoltaic Encapsu- Mitigating TCP Degradation over Inter- Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Fea-
lants – 182 mittent Link Failures using Intermediate sibility Study (The National Shipbuilding
Buffers – 120 Research Program) – 329
EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCIES
Channel Characterization for EHF Satel- Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer
Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial FEED SYSTEMS
lite Communications on the Move – 123 Xenon Feed System Progress – 93
Barrier/Backsheet Failure – 176
Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measure-
The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant FEEDBACK CONTROL
ments of a Dismount With Rocket-
Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri- Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying
Ka-Band – 149 mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying
Framework – 58
FALSE ALARMS
EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCIES Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for De-
Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabili-
Robust Adaptive Signal Processing ties of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364 tecting Incipient Instability – 129
ter Scenarios – 86 FAN BLADES ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture
An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa- for Feedback Control of Software Perfor-
EYE (ANATOMY) coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca- mance – 296
Development of Methods for the Real- pabilities for Installed Cooling Feedback Control of Bifurcation and
Time and Rapid Identification and Detec- Fans – 408 Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359
tion of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluo-
rescence Spectroscopy of the FAR INFRARED RADIATION Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza-
Eye – 251 Analysis of the Optical Design for the tion – 445
SAFIR Telescope – 416
Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active
Official Identity Documents – 151 Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Noise Control for Hearing Protection and
Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol- Communication – 410
F-16 AIRCRAFT Water Mixtures – 82
Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed-
SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na-
Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science
Diverse Operaties) – 7 tional Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Roadmap Presentation – 48 gram) – 73
FABRICATION FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION Real-Time Process Monitoring by
A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy
Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National Perot Interferometers – 460 and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Epitaxy – 419
FATIGUE (MATERIALS)
Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139 Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sen- Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft
Fabrication and Characterization of Elec- sors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Formation Flying – 59
tric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at Resistance of Composite Laminates Un-
der Mode I Loading – 79 Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun-
the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Gen-
Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Re- FATTY ACIDS eration and Adaptive Full-State Feed-
gion – 130 Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid back Control – 52
Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A
Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumenta- The Precision Formation Flying Inte-
Randomized Controlled Trial – 250
tion Research and Development at grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58
NASA Glenn Research Center – 151 Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated
Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on FEEDBACK
Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Fea- Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 Application of Center Manifold Reduction
sibility Study (The National Shipbuilding to System Stabilization – 393
Research Program) – 329 FAULT DETECTION
Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste- Exploring Interactive Relevance Feed-
FABRY-PEROT INTERFEROMETERS water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive back With a Two-Pass Study De-
Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- Principal Component Analysis – 376 sign – 427
Perot Interferometers – 460 Families of Liapunov Functions for Non-
FAULT TOLERANCE
FACTOR ANALYSIS linear Systems in Critical Cases – 394
Development and Flight Testing of a
Toward Direct Sparse Updates of Neural Network Based Flight Control Feedback Control of Bifurcation and
Cholesky Factors – 351 System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359
A-38
Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza- FIELD TESTS Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bun-
tion – 445 A Study for Technology of Controlling dling and Filtration in Large-Scale Dis-
Next-Generation Backbone Net- tributed Simulations – 136
ear Systems with an Uncontrollable Criti- work – 125
FINANCE
cal Mode – 393 Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Physical Look on Economic and Finance
Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Siz- Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog- Oscillations – 132
ing – 279 nitive Performance During Sleep Depri-
vation – 257 FINGERS
FEEDFORWARD CONTROL Identification and Control of Haptic Sys-
Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocop-
A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu- tems: A Computational Theory – 350
ter Garmisch 2005’ – 23
tations and Circuits in the Feedforward
FINITE DIFFERENCE THEORY
Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE GATE ARRAYS
Visual Cortex – 252 Active FPGA Security Through Decoy A Finite Difference Approximation for a
Circuits – 325 Coupled System of Nonlinear Size-
Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active Structured Populations – 353
Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology
Communication – 410 Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing,
Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptiv-
FEMALES FIGHTER AIRCRAFT ity and Trust Management – 384
Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Computational Modeling of Multicompo-
Cancer Among Women by Ethnic- Potential Implications – 23 nent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394
ity – 210
F-22A Raptor – 22 Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations
Trauma Symptomatology Among Female Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the
U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program:
Background, Status, and Issues – 24 Infinite Domain – 355
FERMENTATION Final Environmental Assessment for the The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite-
A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es- Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse
cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347
Production of Organophosphorus Hydro-
lase – 69 Localization Performance of Real and FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Virtual Sound Sources – 21 FEA Software for Determination of Re-
FERROCENES sidual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes
Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-
Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and for a Range of Gun Steels With Bausch-
18G Growler Aircraft: Background and
Blends of Inert and Catalytic Issues for Congress – 19 inger Effect – 104
Agents – 91
Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discreti-
FERROELECTRICITY Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in zation of the Diffusion Equation for Arbi-
Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Diverse Operaties) – 6 trary Polyhedral Grids – 290
Liquid Crystals – 94 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Proposed Termination of Joint Strike
FIBER LASERS Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate En- Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and
Fiber Laser Arrays – 158 gine – 19 Blends of Inert and Catalytic
Tactical Aircraft Modernization: Issues for Agents – 91
FIBER OPTICS
Congress – 23 Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame
A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre- Behind a Step – 90
Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should
System for Microsatellites – 415 Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech- FIRES
nical Data Needs to Support Weapon Critical Technology Events in the Devel-
Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Systems – 17
Code-Division Multiple-Access for High- opment of the Stinger and Javelin Missile
Capacity Optical Networks – 122 FIGURE OF MERIT Systems: Project Hindsight Revis-
Addressing the Requirements for RF ited – 441
Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hy-
brid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of Photonics – 355 Dynamics and Suppression Effective-
Optical Signals – 122 ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in
FILLERS Non-Premixed Counterflow
Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Re- Flames – 87
A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner inforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theo-
and Baseline Rotation – 416 retical Computation and Experimental Post Fire Transient Temperature Distri-
Validation of the Theory Using bution in Drum Type Packages – 77
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41
Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Com-
FIRING (IGNITING)
FIBER ORIENTATION pounds – 80
Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the
Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior FILLETS HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to
of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Characterize Violence with Varying Con-
Fiber Orientation – 90 finement – 76
FIBERS Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the
Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored FISHES
A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre- Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid
Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion Arc Welding Electrodes – 102
Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A
System for Microsatellites – 415 FILTRATION Randomized Controlled Trial – 250
FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS An Analysis of Weight Change in Fil-
Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component
ters – 166
Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Het- of the Long Term Resource Monitoring
erojunction Field Effect Transistors and Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Program: Predicted versus Observed
its Implications – 137 Purification Devices – 88 Catch – 114
A-39
Numerical Simulations of the Fish Pas- Development and Flight Testing of a Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Ve-
sage Facilities at Lower Granite Neural Network Based Flight Control hicles – 47
Dam – 386 System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 FLIGHT TIME
FISSIONABLE MATERIALS Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of- Long-Distance Government Flights - A
General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re- Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat
placement for the 6M Specification Pack- Control – 31 Sorties? – 262
age – 76 The Relative Position Control in Forma- FLIGHT TRAINING
FITTINGS tion Flying Satellites Using Super- FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame-
Conducting Magnets – 62 work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring
gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 FLIGHT CREWS Systems – 10
FITTING Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold FLOATING POINT ARITHMETIC
Environments – 271 Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza-
Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Siz-
ing – 279 Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec-
Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in tronic Devices – 434
FLAME PROPAGATION the Operational Environment – 264 FLOATING
Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl-
inders in Forced and Natural Flows and Long-Distance Government Flights - A On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar
Microgravity – 142 Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Linkages – 392
Sorties? – 262 FLOOD CONTROL
Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame
Behind a Step – 90 Nutrition Issues for Space Explora- Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying
tion – 221 Supercritical Flow – 147
FLAME TEMPERATURE
Operational Concept for Flight Crews to FLOOD PLAINS
A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Devel-
Participate in Merging and Spacing of Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs
opment Under Microgravity – 85
Aircraft – 4 for Belknap County, New Hamp-
FLAMES Visual Perception, Flight Performance, shire – 171
A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Devel- and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs
opment Under Microgravity – 85 tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197
Dynamics and Suppression Effective- Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
FLOW COEFFICIENTS
ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
agement Tools – 267 Balanced Orifice Plate – 104
Non-Premixed Counterflow
Flames – 87 FLIGHT OPERATIONS FLOW DISTRIBUTION
Long-Distance Government Flights - A Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use
Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed
Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Sys-
Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and
Sorties? – 262 tem – 144
Water/NaOH Solutions – 352
RLV Flight Operations Demonstration FLOW EQUATIONS
Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub-
grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu- with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle Performance of the Shallow Water Equa-
sion Flames – 146 (PREPRINT) – 63 tions on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel
Supercomputers – 308
Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment FLIGHT PATHS
Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Performance of the Shallow Water Equa-
National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Participate in Merging and Spacing of tions on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Su-
Aircraft – 4 percomputer – 355
Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and
Blends of Inert and Catalytic FLIGHT SAFETY FLOW MEASUREMENT
Agents – 91 Human Factors Considerations for Area Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric
Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce- Propulsion – 61
FLAT SURFACES
dures – 11 FLOW NOISE
Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop
Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Development of a Silent Tow Sys-
Xpatch – 313 Weather-Related Accidents – 24 tem – 409
FLIGHT SIMULATION FLOW REGULATORS
FLEXIBLE SPACECRAFT
A Generic Multibody Parachute Simula- Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess-
LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous
Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free- tion Model – 13
Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of
Free Boundary Conditions – 38 Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160
Analysis – 6
FLIGHT CHARACTERISTICS FLOW STABILITY
Visual Perception, Flight Performance, FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame-
White Sands Missile Range Urban
and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring
Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single
tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Systems – 10
Building Part 1: Background and Over-
Wake: Implications for Automated Work- FLIGHT SIMULATORS view – 143
load Control Systems as Fatigue Man- Contract Management: Service Contract FLOW VELOCITY
agement Tools – 267 Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey-
Has Room for Improvement – 32 nolds Number Channel Flows – 146
FLIGHT CONDITIONS
New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Progress Toward a Format Standard for
The Exploration Water Recovery Sys-
Weather-Related Accidents – 24 Flight Dynamics Models – 30
tem – 442
Swedish Projects – 11
FLIGHT CONTROL FLOW VISUALIZATION
Characterization of UAV Performance FLIGHT TESTS Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use
and Development of a Formation Flight Commercial Orbital Transportation Ser- in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Sys-
Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17 vices (COTS) Demonstrations – 46 tem – 144
A-40
FLOW High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec- FORMATION FLYING
Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for
of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on- DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128
Porous Media – 169 Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45
A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR
White Sands Missile Range Urban Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insu- Interferometry – 51
Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single lation for the External Tank Return to
Flight – 446 Accurate Formation Flying Design and
Validation for the Darwin Precursor Dem-
view – 143 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- onstration Mission – 49
FLUID DYNAMICS An Overview of CNES Strategy and Ac-
Dynamics and Suppression Effective- Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non- tivities on Formation Flying – 57
ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Halogenated Polyphosphazene
Non-Premixed Counterflow An Overview of the Formation and Atti-
Foam – 68 tude Control System for the Terrestrial
Flames – 88
FOILS (MATERIALS) Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer-
Performance of the Shallow Water Equa- Cryostat with Foil and MLI – 419 ometer – 53
tions on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel
Supercomputers – 308 FOLDING Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric
Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Func- Orbits Using Linearized Equations of
Performance of the Shallow Water Equa- Relative Motion – 54
tionally Active Form – 233
tions on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Su-
percomputer – 355 FOOD INTAKE Application of a Relative Motion Guid-
Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 ance Algorithm to Formation Reassign-
FLUID FLOW Years – 221 ment – 59
Acoustic Seal – 412 Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three
FOOD PRODUCTION (IN SPACE)
Balanced Orifice Plate – 104 Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Formation Flying Micro Satellites in
Years – 221 GTO – 57
Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module
for Rocket Engine and Propulsion Sys- FOOD Characterization of UAV Performance
tem Simulations – 145 and Development of a Formation Flight
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee
Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17
FLUID MANAGEMENT Children from Burma – 87
Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic FOREARM
Fluid Management – 143 Effect of the Forearm Tissue Tempera- Framework – 58
ture on the Cold Induced Vasodila-
FLUID MECHANICS tion – 198 Conservative Analytical Collision Prob-
Characterization and Analyses of Valves, abilities for Orbital Formation Fly-
FORECASTING ing – 56
Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant
Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Combining Spatial Statistical and En-
semble Information in Probabilistic Design and Implementation of Optimal
Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Weather Forecasts – 198 Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa-
Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 rated Space Interferometry – 442
Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave In-
FLUORESCENCE formation Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast Design of the GNC System for a New
with 3-G Hindcasting – 113 Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele-
Development of Methods for the Real-
scope – 414
Time and Rapid Identification and Detec- Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical
tion of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluo- Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export Electromagnetic Formation Flight
rescence Spectroscopy of the Control and other Policy Deci- (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62
Eye – 251 sions – 431
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren-
The Inherent Visible Light Signature of NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta- dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora-
an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or-
Source Due to Combined Raman and Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 bits – 59
Fluorescence Effects – 414
New Techniques in Space Weather Fore- Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation
FLUORIDES casting – 40 Flying Demonstration – 58
Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and First Formation Flying Demonstration
Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Sharpness – 368 Mission Including on Flight Bracewell
Ions – 81 Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Nulling – 54
FLUX DENSITY Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Aver- Formation Algorithms and Simulation
aging – 198 Testbed – 444
High Energy Density Cryogenic Capaci-
tors – 138 Research and Engineering Information
Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis-
Available to the War Fighter – 434
FLYING PERSONNEL sion – 52
The Continuous Ranked Probability
Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Score for Circular Variables and its Appli- Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2
Personnel – 20 cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Orbit – 55
Verification – 358 Formations Near the Libration Points:
FOAMS
WindSat Applications for Weather Fore- Design Strategies Using Natural and
A Combined Foam-Spray Model for
casters and Data Assimilation – 194 Non-Natural Arcs – 49
Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172
FOREIGN BODIES GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for
Characterization of Space Shuttle Ther-
Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53
mal Protection System (TPS) Materials Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri- High Precision Optical Metrology for
Columbia Accident Investigation – 44 cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 27 DARWIN – 50
A-41
Navigation Algorithms for Formation Fly- FOURIER SERIES The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve-
ing Missions – 52 Polar Phase Screens: A Comparison with hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based
Other Methods of Random Phase Human Systems Integration Lessons
PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD
Screen Generation – 346 Learned – 278
and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50
FOURIER TRANSFORMATION FREQUENCY CONTROL
Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using
Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358 Frequency Selective Materials for Con-
the Autonomous Formation Flying Sen-
trol of Radiated Emissions and Interfer-
sor – 56 Detecting Periodic Components in a ence Suppression, Phase 2 – 149
Proceedings from the 2nd International White Gaussian Time Series – 192
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
Symposium on Formation Flying Mis- FRACTURE STRENGTH
sions and Technologies – 47 Multiple-Access Capability of Frequency-
3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Hopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An
Realization of the Solar Power Satellite Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspec- Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal
using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec- tive – 78 Power Levels – 404
tor – 51
FRACTURING Throughput and Packet Error Probability
Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture of Cellular Frequency-Hopped Spread-
Formation Flying Missions – 48 Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspec- Spectrum Radio Networks – 404
Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate- tive – 78 FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE AC-
gies – 53 An Experimental and Computational In- CESS
vestigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture Discrimination Against Partially Overlap-
SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High-
in Stainless Steel Welds – 103 ping Interference -Its Effect on Through-
Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51
put in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Ac-
Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun- Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac- cess Channels – 341
Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Gen- ture – 402
FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEXING
eration and Adaptive Full-State Feed- FRAGMENTATION Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence
back Control – 52 Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif- and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405
Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For- ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard
from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 FREQUENCY HOPPING
mation Flying – 62
Multiple-Access Capability of Frequency-
SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Hopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An
Development and Validation Testbed: Vertical Fragmentation – 280 Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal
Current Progress and Beyond – 55 Power Levels – 404
FREE BOUNDARIES
Static Formation Control Using Inter- LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Throughput and Packet Error Probability
spacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48 Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free- of Cellular Frequency-Hopped Spread-
Free Boundary Conditions – 38 Spectrum Radio Networks – 404
The Precision Formation Flying Inte-
grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 FREE FLIGHT FREQUENCY MEASUREMENT
The Relative Position Control in Forma- Station-Keeping Requirements for Astro- On the Contraction Mapping Method for
tion Flying Satellites Using Super- nomical Imaging with Constellations of Frequency Detection – 370
Conducting Magnets – 62 Free-Flying Collectors – 56 FREQUENCY MODULATION
Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites FREEZING Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic
Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Range of Linearized Directional Coupler
Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the
Mission – 117 Modulators – 136
imbus Clouds – 195 FREQUENCY MULTIPLIERS
FORSTERITE Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency
Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat-
A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Oliv- ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Multiplier – 166
ine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Se-
markona that Experienced Limited Re- The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a FREQUENCY SHIFT KEYING
melting – 189 Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Advanced Optical Modulators for Next-
Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 generation Photonic Networks – 126
FORTRAN
FREQUENCIES FREQUENCY SHIFT
Computational Modeling of Multicompo- Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Sig-
nent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394 Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction
Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti- nal Processing – 126
Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module mation – 350 FRESH WATER
for Rocket Engine and Propulsion Sys-
Discrimination Against Partially Overlap- Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Up-
tem Simulations – 145
ping Interference -Its Effect on Through- per Mississippi River Backwater
The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for put in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Ac- Lake – 85
Parallel Computing – 285 cess Channels – 341
FRETTING
Effects of Frequency and Environment Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
FOSSILS
on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100
Fossil Microorganisms in Ar- Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg.
chaean – 169 C – 88 FRICTION STIR WELDING
Investigation of Frequency-Domain and Friction Stir Processing and Fusion
FOULING
Time-Domain Free-Space Material Mea- Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Bronze – 96
surements – 400
Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of Strong Consistency of the Contraction FRICTION
CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship- Mapping Method for Frequency Estima- An Investigation of Control Strategies for
yards – 72 tion – 370 Friction Compensation – 344
A-42
Friction Stir Processing and Fusion GALILEO SPACECRAFT GAS TURBINES
Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Posi- Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358
Bronze – 95 tion in Space – 46
Commercial and Technical Evaluation of
Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient GALLIUM ARSENIDES the Application of Gas Turbine Technol-
of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple- ogy in Industrial Plants in Bulgaria – 25
Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High-
and Impact – 75 Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas
Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys- Turbine – 29
FROSTBITE tems – 176
Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold GALLIUM NITRIDES GASES
Environments – 271 Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Het- Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A
erojunction Field Effect Transistors and Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua-
Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261
its Implications – 137 tion – 147
Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frost-
bite during Exposure to Cold GAMES GATES (CIRCUITS)
Winds – 197 Games for Health 2005 – 430 Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor – 141
Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat- Object-Oriented Design and Implemen- GENE EXPRESSION
ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 tation of Computer Chess – 303 Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating
Prediction and Prevention of Frost- GAMMA RAY ASTRONOMY Hormone Refractory Prostate Can-
bite – 242 Design and Performance of the Soft cer – 211
Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis- Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El-
Passive Heat and Moisture Ex- sion – 450 evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres-
changer – 258 GAMMA RAY SOURCES (ASTRONOMY) sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225
FUEL CELLS Design and Performance of the Soft Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky
Development of a Ship Service Fuel Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis- Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of
Cell – 181 sion – 450 Cells, Tissues, and Medical De-
vices – 254
FUEL INJECTION GAMMA RAY TELESCOPES
On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida- Design and Performance of the Soft GENE THERAPY
tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis- A Double Selection Approach to Achieve
Sprays – 84 sion – 450 Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for
GLAST Tracker – 446 Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253
FUEL TANK PRESSURIZATION
Characterization and Analyses of Valves, GAMMA RAYS Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based
Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Design and Performance of the Soft Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for
Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis- Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246
FULLERENES sion – 450 Protein Transduction Based Therapies
Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc- GLAST Tracker – 446 for Breast Cancer – 238
ture and Bonding – 75 PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chi-
GAS ANALYSIS
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS meric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer
Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358 Gene Therapy – 246
A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1-
Associated Learning Disabilities – 217 GAS BEARINGS Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors
Demonstration of a Microfabricated High- for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can-
Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear- cer – 246
Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 247 ings – 161
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT
GAS DENSITY
Development of a Methodology for Cus- Characterization and Analyses of Valves, A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control
tomizing Insider Threat Auditing on a Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style
Microsoft Windows XP Operating Sys- Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Bays – 13
tem – 325 Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen-
GAS EXCHANGE
FUSION WELDING etration of Cockpit Weather Information
Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Systems – 25
Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Uptake Tests – 236
Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Spatial Audio Displays for Improving
Bronze – 96 GAS FLOW Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware-
Progress in the Development of a Mul- ness in General Aviation Environ-
FUZZY SYSTEMS tiphase Turbulent Model of the ments – 411
Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Sys- Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am-
tems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Deci- munition Primer – 147 GENERAL OVERVIEWS
sion Making – 387 HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assess-
GAS MIXTURES
GALACTIC CLUSTERS ment of Toxic Hazards in Operational
Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With
Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448 Environments – 265
40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256
NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Over-
GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS GAS STREAMS
view – 39
Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif- Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec-
ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard tion and Force/Moment Genera- Space Shuttle Overview – 45
from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 tion – 32
GENES
GALAXIES GAS TURBINE ENGINES A Double Selection Approach to Achieve
Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for
with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 Turbine – 29 Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253
A-43
ATM Heterozygosity and the Develop- A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- Realization of the Solar Power Satellite
ment of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dys- sion System for Proteomic Analy- using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec-
function and Urinary Morbidity Following sis – 241 tor – 51
Radiotherapy for Prostate Can-
Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS
cer – 238
in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sen-
Bayesian Model Averaging: Develop- sors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue
ment of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Resistance of Composite Laminates Un-
Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
Selection and Classification Tool for Mi- der Mode I Loading – 79
by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En-
croarray Data – 244
coding Exons from the Parasite Ge- GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a nome – 224
Space Environmentally Durable Polyim-
Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill-
GEODESIC LINES ides and Copolyimides – 75
ness Resembling Inhalation An-
thrax – 224 Range of the k-Dimensional Radon GLASS
Transform in Real Hyperbolic
Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes Analytical Results of DWPF Glass
Spaces – 393
that Regulate Radiation Responses in Sample Taken During Filling of Canister
Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS S01913: Summary Report – 105
Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Encapsulation Application Research of Development and Testing of a Power
Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi- Trough System Using a Structurally-
ronment – 171 Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres- Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass
sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can- Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and
Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
cer – 227 tion – 180
Carolina – 439
Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El- Macroscopic Cracking Determination in
evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres- Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337
LaBS Glass – 97
sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 GEOLOGY
Optical and Mechanical Properties of
Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fossil Microorganisms in Ar-
Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159
Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium chaean – 169
Merozoites – 223 International Symposium on Site Charac- GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in terization for CO(sub 2) Geological Stor- A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-
Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207 age – 187 Phase Time Transfer – 135
Therapy Selection by Gene Profil- GEOMAGNETISM Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for
ing – 237 Enhanced Signal Processing – 301
Examination of the Armagh Observatory
Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors Annual Mean Temperature Record, Characterizing the Impact of Precision
for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can- 1844-2004 – 199 Time and Range Measurements from
cer – 246 Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Net-
GEOMETRY work Differential GPS Position Solu-
GENETIC ENGINEERING Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric tions – 124
Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors Orbits Using Linearized Equations of
Relative Motion – 54 Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere
for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can- Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa-
cer – 246 Frames Generated by Subspace Addi- tions – 460
GENETICS tion – 358
Development and Testing of a High-
Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po- Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Speed Real-Time Kinematic Precise
tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap- Optimal Movement – 359 DGPS Positioning System Between Two
plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza- Aircraft – 154
Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa- tion – 445 GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Posi-
tients – 243
tion in Space – 46
Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe- GEOMORPHOLOGY
Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An
ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki-
Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitabil- MIT Security Studies Program Confer-
nase A – 204
ity of Ancient Mars – 458 ence – 123
Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Can-
GEOPHYSICS Pattern Search Methods in the Presence
cer – 248
of Degeneracy – 362
Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded
Ordnance (UXO) Detection System De- Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using
that Regulate Radiation Responses in
veloped by Geophysical Solu- the Autonomous Formation Flying Sen-
Prostate Cancer Cells – 211
tions – 153 sor – 56
Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jew-
GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS Proceedings from the 2nd International
ish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227
Symposium on Formation Flying Mis-
Geostationary Operational Environmen-
Protein Transduction Based Therapies sions and Technologies – 47
tal Satellites: Additional Action Needed to
for Breast Cancer – 238
Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Relative Attitude Determination of Earth
The Role of the Neurofibromin- Satellite Programs – 424 Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receiv-
Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu- Geostationary Operational Environmen- ers – 57
lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling tal Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorpo- Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate-
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 rating Lessons Learned from Other Sat- gies – 53
GENOME ellite Programs – 445
Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost
A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1- Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta- Commercial GPS Receiver Through
Associated Learning Disabilities – 217 tionary Orbit Determination – 38 Software Approach (Preprint) – 306
A-44
Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE GROUND-AIR-GROUND COMMUNICA-
Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions TION
for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Simulation and Performance of Data
Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Communication using AMSS – 12
GLOBULES
Clouds – 448
Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules GROUP DYNAMICS
in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor- Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448 Scalable Detection and Optimization of
ite Fall – 457 GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS N-ARY Linkages – 385
GLUTAMATES Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central GUIDANCE (MOTION)
Gravitational Field – 34
Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Application of Piecewise Linear Control
Soluble Extracts Protect Against GREAT CIRCLES Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Guidance and Control – 40
From Rat Forebrain – 223 Gravitational Field – 34 Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate-
GOES SATELLITES GRENADES gies – 53
Geostationary Operational Environmen- Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measure-
GUINEA PIGS
tal Satellites: Additional Action Needed to ments of a Dismount With Rocket-
Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha-
Satellite Programs – 424 Ka-Band – 149 nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo-
sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea
Geostationary Operational Environmen- GRID COMPUTING (COMPUTER NET- Pigs – 66
tal Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorpo- WORKS)
rating Lessons Learned from Other Sat- MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of GULF OF MEXICO
ellite Programs – 445 Efficient Native Supercomputing for Mi- Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave In-
crosoft Windows Architecture – 288 formation Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast
GOGGLES with 3-G Hindcasting – 113
Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer GROUND EFFECT (AERODYNAMICS)
Test – 150 Experimental Investigation of the Aerody- GULF STREAM
namic Ground Effect of a Tailless Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and
GOVERNMENTS Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Transport During the Last Millen-
The Federal Workforce Additional In- Flaps – 2 nium – 173
sights Could Enhance Agency Efforts
GROUND OPERATIONAL SUPPORT GULFS
Related to Hispanic Representa- SYSTEM
tion – 423 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois:
A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In- CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role
GRADIENTS vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for in Gulf War Illness – 250
Gradient Flow Based Matrix Joint Diago- Maintaining Alertness and Performance
nalization for Independent Component in Sustained Military Ground Opera- GUNS (ORDNANCE)
Analysis – 389 tions – 240 FEA Software for Determination of Re-
Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold sidual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes
GRAIN BOUNDARIES Environments – 270 for a Range of Gun Steels With Bausch-
GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Perfor- inger Effect – 104
mance: the Amazing Physics of Grain- GROUND SQUIRRELS
Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity Final Environmental Assessment for the
Boundaries and Killer-Defects in Chal- Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air
copyrites – 177 are Down-Regulated During Hibernation
in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 Force Base, New Mexico – 14
GRANITE Progress in the Development of a Mul-
GROUND TRUTH
Numerical Simulations of the Fish Pas- tiphase Turbulent Model of the
sage Facilities at Lower Granite Multiple-Event Location Using the Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am-
Dam – 386 Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Tech- munition Primer – 147
nique – 290
GRANULAR MATERIALS NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission GUSTS
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict Ground Validation Segment – 199 Turbulence and mountain wave condi-
and Host Grains in Chondrules in the tions observed with an airborne 2-micron
Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 455 Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor lidar – 25
Ground Validation for TRMM and
Photoelectric Emission Measurements GPM – 200 GYROSCOPES
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza-
Grains – 450 GROUND WATER
tion – 445
Efficient Steady-State Solution Tech-
Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing
niques for Variably Saturated Groundwa-
Through Nonaxisymmetric Hop- Mission – 445
ter Flow – 145
pers – 144
Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and H II REGIONS
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions
A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag- Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 169 from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in
ing System – 287 Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular
Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field,
User Manual for EXPRESS, the Azores, Portugal – 144 Clouds – 448
‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation HABITABILITY
Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models
Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30,
for Groundwater Flow and Trans- Habitat Design Optimization and Analy-
2006 – 283
port – 352 sis – 452
GRASSLANDS Simulation of Selected Ground-Water Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and
Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitabil-
the Savannah River Site – 110 Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 142 ity of Ancient Mars – 458
A-45
HABITATS HARDWARE-IN-THE-LOOP SIMULATION HEARING
Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal Air Vehicle Technology Integration Pro- Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of
Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In- gram (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Litera-
teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea- Control Platform (OCP) Software En- ture Study – 410
tures – 411 abled Control (SEC) Hardware in the Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Im-
Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Inte- pact Models – 412
HADRONS gration – 8
Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR – 421 Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis-
HAZARDOUS MATERIALS sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence
Hadronic B Decays at BABAR – 401 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano- after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411
tubes: Ethical Implications and Human Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation
HAIR
Risk Assessment – 201 Paths into the Human Head – 410
Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis-
sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted
after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Drivers – 70 Sound – 19
Type B Package Radioactive Material Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active
HALL THRUSTERS Content Compliance – 76 Noise Control for Hearing Protection and
Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex- Communication – 410
pansion Model with Experimental Data HAZARDS
(Preprint) – 42 Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation
Environment – 333 Personnel – 20
mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian
the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre- Military Personnel – 187 Military Personnel – 187
print) – 311 Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs Organization of Response Areas in Fer-
Complementary Density Measurements for Belknap County, New Hamp- ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220
for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PRE- shire – 171 HEART DISEASES
PRINT) – 417 Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs Modeling and Computation of Propagat-
Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197 ing Waves from Coronary
in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster Stenoses – 410
Selected Environmental Factors of
(Preprint) – 404 Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De-
Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric Deployment in Afghanistan and Health tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies
Propulsion – 61 Status Markers after their Homecom- at Remote Military of Native American
ing – 271 Health Care Facilities – 231
Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD-
The Risk Assessment of Occupational HEART FUNCTION
600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42
and Environmental Hazards – 272 Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili-
Xenon Feed System Progress – 92 tary Field Training in Winter and the
Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in
Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira-
HALOS the USA – 432
tory Fitness – 263
Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 HAZE
Orbit – 55 HEART RATE
Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL A Research Program on Health, Perfor-
Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun- Vehicle – 60 mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in
Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Gen- Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270
eration and Adaptive Full-State Feed- HEALTH
back Control – 52 Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on
Cancer Prevention and Control Coali- Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field
HAMILTONIAN FUNCTIONS tion – 215 Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406 Training Operation – 268
Development of State Level Health Infor-
mation Exchange Initiatives. Final Re- Heart Rate Variability as an Index of
On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and
Linkages – 392 port – 116
Dehydrated Rats – 87
Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc- Games for Health 2005 – 430
tion – 360 (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant tary Field Training in Winter and the
Combination for Maintaining Alertness Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira-
HANDBOOKS and Performance in a Context of Con- tory Fitness – 262
Depository Services: Comptroller’s tinuous Operations) – 269
Handbook, September 2006 – 282 Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of
Prediction and Prevention of Frost- Wearing New Biological and Chemical
NASA Scientific and Technical Informa- bite – 242 Protective Combat Uniforms in
tion Standards – 433 Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol MOPP 1 – 275
Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide- Hexaphosphate – 230 HEART
book – 444 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano- A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob-
tubes: Ethical Implications and Human lem – 351
HARBORS Risk Assessment – 201 Modeling and Computation of Propagat-
Wave Climate and Wave Response, ing Waves from Coronary
Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De-
tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies Stenoses – 409
Hawaii, Hawaii – 386
at Remote Military of Native American HEAT EXCHANGERS
HARDNESS Health Care Facilities – 231
Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a
Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar- The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Tech- Passive Heat and Moisture Ex-
ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95 nologies – 279 changer – 258
A-46
Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant HELMET MOUNTED DISPLAYS HIGH CURRENT
on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor- Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139
mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational HOM Effects in Vacuum System with
HEAT FLUX Flights: A Human Factors Ap- Short Bunches – 396
Local Heat Flux Measurements with proach – 10
HIGH ENERGY INTERACTIONS
Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial The Effect of Various Display Modalities Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos
Element-Injectors – 61 on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task
via Coherent Radio Emission – 420
Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumenta- Performance – 265
HIGH FREQUENCIES
tion Research and Development at HELMETS
NASA Glenn Research Center – 151 Advanced Propagation Model (APM)
Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Siz- Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern
HEAT MEASUREMENT ing – 279 California Desert – 196
HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM HIGH GAIN
FOX-7 – 96
Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El- A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-
HEAT SOURCES Phase Time Transfer – 135
evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres-
Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous- sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code
chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to
Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed
Melt Asteroids – 193 HEMOGLOBIN
for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135
HEAT TOLERANCE A Microplate Assay for the Determination
of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220 HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES
A Language for Semantic Analy-
Wearing New Biological and Chemical HEMORRHAGES sis – 296
Protective Combat Uniforms in
Development of Hemostatic HIGH POWER LASERS
MOPP 1 – 276
Agents – 234
HEAT TRANSFER Developing a Methodology for Elaborat-
HETEROGENEITY ing a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High
Characterization and Analyses of Valves,
Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Power Laser Diodes – 157
Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant
Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut- Improving Reliability of High Power
ter Scenarios – 86 Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating
Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl-
in Long Pulse Mode – 156
inders in Forced and Natural Flows and HETEROJUNCTION DEVICES
Microgravity – 141 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- HIGH PRESSURE
Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat-
in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242
Local Heat Flux Measurements with Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor
Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 Flow Path and Sampling System – 26
Element-Injectors – 61 Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed-
HETEROJUNCTIONS Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na-
Physical Look on Economic and Finance
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- tional Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Oscillations – 131
tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as gram) – 73
HEAT TREATMENT the Emitter and Back Contact – 183
HIGH RESOLUTION
Effects of Heat Treatment and Formula- Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Het- High Resolution Spectroscopy to Sup-
tion on the Phase Composition and erojunction Field Effect Transistors and port Atmospheric Measurements – 185
Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ce- its Implications – 136
ramic Waste Form – 110 HIGH SPEED PHOTOGRAPHY
Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Re- High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave
HEATING gion – 130 Propagation and Impact Damage in
HOM Effects in Vacuum System with
Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride
Short Bunches – 397 HEURISTIC METHODS
(AION) – 114
Thermal Conductivity of Composites Un- An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for
the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery HIGH SPEED
der Different Heating Scenarios – 420
Problem with Time Windows with a The- Advanced Optical Modulators for Next-
HEAVY METALS ater Distribution Application – 378 generation Photonic Networks – 126
Abatement of Marine Coatings Contain- Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
ing Heavy Metals – 65 PRA: Massively Parallel Heuristic
Search – 382 Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
HELICOPTERS ings – 161
Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference
Decision Analysis to Support Condition- Resolution – 381 Development and Testing of a High-
Based Maintenance Plus – 19 Speed Real-Time Kinematic Precise
Double protection passive pour les equi- HIBERNATION DGPS Positioning System Between Two
pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity Aircraft – 154
Concept et etude experimentale (Design are Down-Regulated During Hibernation EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique
and Experimental Study of the Passive in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmis-
Double Hearing Protection for the Crew sion – 126
of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411 HIGGS BOSONS
Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Pa- High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave
HELIUM Propagation and Impact Damage in
rameters – 402
Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef- Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride
fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves- HIGH ALTITUDE (AION) – 114
sels – 77
Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Model Development and Inverse Com-
Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulon- pensator Design for High Speed Nan-
40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256 imbus Clouds – 195 opositioning – 133
A-47
HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYS HOPPERS Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for
Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Pro- Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational
duced by Advanced Metallurical Pro- Through Nonaxisymmetric Hop- Flights: A Human Factors Ap-
cesses (The National Shipbuilding Re- pers – 144 proach – 10
search Program) – 98 HORMONES Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Un-
HIGH STRENGTH STEELS Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating inhabited Military Vehicles: Human Fac-
Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Pro- Hormone Refractory Prostate Can- tor Issues in Augmenting the
duced by Advanced Metallurical Pro- cer – 211 Force – 265
cesses (The National Shipbuilding Re- Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Tech-
search Program) – 98 Pathway to Prevent the Development nologies – 279
Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA Hormone Resistant Prostate Can- The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve-
Steels – 102 cer – 210 hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based
High Strength Steels Produced by Ad- Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Human Systems Integration Lessons
vanced Metallurgical Processes (The Hexaphosphate – 230 Learned – 278
National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An
gram) – 100 on Prostate Cancer – 250 Integrated Human Centric Sys-
HIGH TEMPERATURE tem – 267
HOSES
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Fly- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime
Temperature Magnetic Material for ing Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9 Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21
PWR – 74
HOUSTON (TX) HUMAN PERFORMANCE
HIGH VACUUM Application of Shift Work Scheduling
Houston-Galveston Navigation Chan-
Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- nels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Principles and Tools for Optimizing Con-
Perot Interferometers – 460 Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353 sole Based Operations – 263
HIGH VOLTAGES HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE CRESST Human Performance Knowl-
Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing edge Mapping System – 302
Test System at the Outdoor Test Facil- Mission – 445
ity – 184 Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to
The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness
HILBERT SPACE HST/STIS – 442 during Sustained Operations – 273
Discrete Representation of Signals from
HUBS Human Factors Considerations for Area
Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with
Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce-
Application to Noise Suppression and
Turbine – 29 dures – 11
Compression – 342
HULLS (STRUCTURES) Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain
Frames Generated by Subspace Addi-
Performance in the Operational Environ-
tion – 358 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
ment – 272
HINDCASTING
Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac- Strategies to Maintain Combat Readi-
Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave In- ture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the ness during Extended Deployments: A
formation Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 300 Human Systems Approach – 261
with 3-G Hindcasting – 113
HUMAN BEHAVIOR The Effect of Various Display Modalities
Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave
Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task
Transformation – 377
Behavior Influence Models – 432 Performance – 265
HIPPOCAMPUS The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain
Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegen- Scale – 258 Physical and Cognitive Function during
erative Disorders With Mitochondrial Continuous Operations – 274
Dysfunction – 228 HUMAN BEINGS
Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An
HISTOGRAMS Black Men to Screening for Prostate Integrated Human Centric Sys-
Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densi- Cancer – 234 tem – 267
ties – 365
Investigating Double Hearing Protection Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
HMX using Human Subjects – 411 and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous
Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and
HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
Mortality in Black and White Men in the
Characterize Violence with Varying Con- load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208
finement – 76 agement Tools – 267
HOMING DEVICES HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING
HUMIDITY
A Human Factors Review of the Opera-
Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me-
tional Error Literature – 6
Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation teorological Parameters STS-1 Through
for Distributed Sensor Networks and Mis- Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265 STS-107 – 194
sile Seeker Systems – 293
Human Factors Considerations for Area HURRICANES
HOMOGENEITY Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce-
Assessment of Shore Protection Project
Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the dures – 11
Performance Following the 2004 Hurri-
Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulon- Maintaining Combat Readiness in the cane Season – 196
imbus Clouds – 195 Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The
Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database
HONEYCOMB STRUCTURES Psychosocial Perspective – 266
Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site:
Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honey- Prevention of Low Back Com- Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break-
comb Conical Seal Panel – 60 plaints – 277 water Systems – 194
A-48
Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from Experimental Study of Deflagration-to- HYSTERESIS
WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 Detonation Enhancement Techniques in Model Development and Inverse Com-
a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En- pensator Design for High Speed Nan-
HYBRID PROPELLANT ROCKET EN- gine – 27 opositioning – 133
GINES
Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Ve- Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess- Model Development for Piezoceramic
hicles – 47 ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous Nanopositioners – 106
Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua-
HYDRATION the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160
tors – 106
Operator Functional State Assessment Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD
(l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle Parameter Estimation Techniques for a
de i’operateur humain) – 256 Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398
ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Partial and Full Inverse Compensation
HYDRAULIC JETS
Growth – 183 for Hysteresis in Smart Material Sys-
Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed- tems – 129
Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na- HYDROGEOLOGY
tional Shipbuilding Research Pro- Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, IDENTIFYING
gram) – 73 Azores, Portugal – 144 Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provi-
sions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 303
HYDRAULICS HYDROLOGY MODELS
Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System
Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying
in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent
Supercritical Flow – 147
Controls – 339
HYDROCARBONS HYDROLOGY
IDENTITIES
A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Devel- Efficient Steady-State Solution Tech-
Effective Bezout Identities in
opment Under Microgravity – 85 niques for Variably Saturated Groundwa-
Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349
ter Flow – 145
Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid IGNITION
Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A HYDROLYSIS
Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex-
Randomized Controlled Trial – 249 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants perimental and Kinetic Modeling
of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Study – 83
Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc-
Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems
ture and Bonding – 75 ILLUMINATING
from Molecular Structure by
Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch- SPARC – 283 Close Formation Flight of Micro-
ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49
HYDROXIDES
On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida- Applications of Layered Double Hydrox- IMAGE ANALYSIS
tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Electromechanical Television Systems
Sprays – 83 Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and
TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstra- Final Report – 87 Synthesis – 131
tion Field Sampling Report: Robins Air HYGIENE Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69 Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment 1 – 130
HYDRODYNAMICS of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 Verification and Validation of NASA-
Including Nearshore Processes in The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Supported Enhancements to the Near
Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Mod- gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
els – 391 Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure ing System (HABSOS) – 173
Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 IMAGE PROCESSING
Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow
Simulator – 379 A Comparative Study for Orthogonal
HYPERSONIC FLOW
Subspace Projection and Constrained
HYDROGEN OXYGEN ENGINES Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Energy Minimization – 169
Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra-
RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- tors – 2 Computer Exxtimated Probability of De-
hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space tection: Can You Hide from a Com-
Exploration – 37 HYPERSONIC VEHICLES puter? – 332
SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Pro- Distributed Compression in Camera Sen-
HYDROGENATION
gram – 148 sor Networks – 308
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc-
tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as HYPOBARIC ATMOSPHERES Document Image Understanding -
the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian 1997 – 428
Time Structure during Long Duration
HYDROGEN Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust
Flights in Man – 277
Characteristic Electrochemical Noise Model-Based Segmentation of Microar-
During Electrochemical Determination of HYPOTHERMIA ray Images – 369
Hydrogen Permeation – 64 Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Experiments in Expression Recogni-
Environments – 271 tion – 333
Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning
Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Pre- HYPOTHESES Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System
mixed Flames – 353 A Continuous-Time Distributed Version in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent
Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Controls – 339
and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Problem – 341 Robot Localization Using Visual Image
Alloys – 63 HYPOXIA Mapping – 331
Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid
the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Time Structure during Long Duration Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based
Mode – 187 Flights in Man – 277 Approach – 390
A-49
StreetScenes: Towards Scene Under- Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Im- IMPURITIES
standing in Still Images – 335 munizations Administered in a Stressful Impurity-Band Model for GaP1-
Environment on Immunologic Func- xNx – 181
IMAGERY
tion – 254
A Comparative Study for Orthogonal IN VITRO METHODS AND TESTS
Subspace Projection and Constrained IMPACT DAMAGE
Foreign Object Damage in a Gas- cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Co-
Energy Minimization – 169
Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri- operate With Estrogen to Promote Estro-
Automated Selection of Results in Hier- gen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquiti-
cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 27
archical Segmentations of Remotely nation and Proteolysis in ER Negative
Sensed Hyperspectral Images – 170 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Breast Cancers – 251
Propagation and Impact Damage in
Vision Based Localization in Urban Envi- IN VIVO METHODS AND TESTS
ronments – 155
(AION) – 114 cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Co-
IMAGES Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon- operate With Estrogen to Promote Estro-
Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 130 Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for gen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquiti-
Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im- nation and Proteolysis in ER Negative
IMAGING TECHNIQUES
pact Damage Thresholds – 78 Breast Cancers – 251
A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag-
ing System – 287 IMPACT LOADS INDENTATION
An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Dynamic Compressive Responses and Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar-
Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95
Agents – 237 Under High Confinement – 94
INDEPENDENT VARIABLES
Document Image Understanding - Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme
1997 – 428 Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri-
for a Partially Observed Controlled
International Conference on Advances in Markov Chain – 357
the Internet, Processing, Systems and Modeling of Impact on a Flexible
Beam – 360 Developing a Methodology for Elaborat-
Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 ing a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High
MARBELLA) – 284 IMPACT MELTS Power Laser Diodes – 157
Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact
Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima
Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Events on the LL Parent Body – 455
in Watershed Model Calibration – 354
Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos-
On the Poisson Equation for Countable
MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning sible Formation of the IVA Magma by
Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions
for Radiotherapy of Prostate Can- Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL-
and Parameter Dependence by Probabi-
cer – 207 Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal-
listic Methods – 346
lization and Cooling – 453
PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope
Concept and its Applications at Different Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt INDIUM ANTIMONIDES
Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 Breccia that Experienced Post-shock An- Characterization of Passivated Indium
Km) – 443 nealing – 457 Antimonide – 91
Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 IMPACT TESTS INDONESIA
The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Model-
Report of Visits to Singapore and
HST/STIS – 442 ling of Textured Metals and Validation
Djakarta – 221
Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact
The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis- Test – 99 INDUCTANCE
sion’ – 56
High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Design of Current Impulse Genera-
IMMUNE SYSTEMS Propagation and Impact Damage in tor – 131
Associations Between Responses to the Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride
Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen (AION) – 114 INDUCTORS
of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity IMPACT VELOCITY Magnetic Field Response Sensor For
to Malaria Infection – 202 Conductive Media – 140
Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
IMMUNITY Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri- INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 27
The Information Flow Requirements of
mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- IMPACT the Design and Procurement Processes
ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Postshock Annealing and Postannealing of Shipbuilding Programs – 307
Survival – 219 Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chon-
CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac- drites: Implications for the Thermal and INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 Shock Histories of Chondritic Aster- Commercial and Technical Evaluation of
Development of Mathematical Models of oids – 456 the Application of Gas Turbine Technol-
Immune Networks Intended for Informa- Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We ogy in Industrial Plants in Bulgaria – 26
tion Security Assurance – 326 Can ‘See’ – 451 HOM Effects in Vacuum System with
Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine In- IMPEDANCE Short Bunches – 396
ducer – 249 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post- INDUSTRIAL SAFETY
The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188
Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment
Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri- IMPULSE GENERATORS of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111
mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 Design of Current Impulse Genera-
IMMUNOLOGY tor – 131
gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated
CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac- Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure
tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 1 – 130 Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
A-50
INDUSTRIAL WASTES Selected Environmental Factors of Exploring Interactive Relevance Feed-
Applications of Layered Double Hydrox- Czech Contingent Soldiers during their back With a Two-Pass Study De-
ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Deployment in Afghanistan and Health sign – 427
Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Status Markers after their Homecom- Flexible and Scalable Digital Library
Final Report – 87 ing – 271 Search – 281
INDUSTRIES INFLATABLE STRUCTURES HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex
China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com- Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast
parison with Conventional Sys- Bitmap Indices – 440
Economic Impact Analysis of the Per- tems – 35
chloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual Headline Generation for Written and
Risk Standard – 184 INFORMATION DISSEMINATION Broadcast News – 432
High Accuracy Multidimensional Param- Information Sharing for Homeland Secu- Sentence Level Information Patterns for
eterized Surrogate Models for Fast Opti- rity: A Brief Overview – 440 Novelty Detection – 437
mization of Microwave Circuits in the INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Industry Standard Circuit Simula- INFORMATION FLOW
The Information Flow Requirements of Application of the Strategic Alignment
tors – 108 Model and Information Technology Gov-
the Design and Procurement Processes
Implementation of Advanced Technology of Shipbuilding Programs – 307 ernance Concepts to Support Network
in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Work- Centric Warfare – 323
shop Report – 379 INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Computing Trust from Revision His-
Terrorism and its Impact on the Construc- Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi- tory – 435
tion Industry – 168 tive Information through Bottleneck Moni-
toring – 439
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- cesses – 287
gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality Evaluation of the Quality of an Informa-
Forum Guide to Decision Support Sys-
Pollution Prevention and Control Tech- tion Security Management Sys-
tems: A Resource for Educators – 281
nology Used in Shipyards and Similar tem – 289
Industries – 435 Information System Models -- As A Tool
Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in En- for Shipyard Planning and Control (The
gineering Drawing Analysis – 301 National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
INERTIAL NAVIGATION
Navigation Algorithms for Formation Fly- Flexible and Scalable Digital Library gram) – 432
ing Missions – 52 Search – 281 Information Technology Governance and
Information Technology (IT) Manage- the Air Force – 325
INERTIA
ment: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Information Technology (IT) Manage-
The Relative Position Control in Forma- Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430
tion Flying Satellites Using Super- ment: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the
Conducting Magnets – 62 International Conference on Advances in Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430
the Internet, Processing, Systems and Integration and Application of Human
INFECTIOUS DISEASES Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: As-
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- MARBELLA) – 284 sessment of Network Centric Warfare
sion System for Proteomic Analy- IRIS: Integrate, Relate. Infer. Capabilities – 268
sis – 241 Share – 329 International Conference on Advances in
An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn- the Internet, Processing, Systems and
Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data- Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006
Agents – 237 Poor Domains – 330 MARBELLA) – 284
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning Partnering for Patient Empowerment
mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336 through Community Awareness. Facilita-
ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis tor’s Guide – 425
Survival – 219 The Challenges of Information Manage-
Review of the National Institute of Infor-
ment in the Networked Battlespace: Un-
Associations Between Responses to the mation and Communications Technol-
manned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and
Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen ogy, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116
the Warfighter – 431
of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple-
to Malaria Infection – 202 INFORMATION RETRIEVAL mentation – 286
CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac- Adding Numbers to Text Classifica- SSC San Diego Brief 2002 – 322
tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 tion – 428
Summary Report of Finding of the Deci-
Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Combining Evidence from Homologous sion Science Working Group
Infections in Andean Northern Datasets – 437 (DSWG) – 433
Peru – 218 Customized Information Extraction as a The Challenges of Information Manage-
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Basis for Resource Discovery – 435 ment in the Networked Battlespace: Un-
Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill- manned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and
Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot
ness Resembling Inhalation An- the Warfighter – 431
Free Codes – 217
thrax – 224 University-Industry Relations in Hungary:
Detecting Potential Insider Threats Establishment Scheme of the Budapest
Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El- Through Email Datamining – 427
evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres- University of Technology and Economics,
sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Efficient Reasoning with Large Knowl- Information Technology Innovation and
edge Bases – 441 Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286
the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Evaluating the Quality of Query Refine- INFORMATION THEORY
Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal ment Suggestions in Information Re- Entropy, Perception, and Relativ-
Thai Government – 213 trieval – 437 ity – 427
A-51
The Dynamics of Information Fusion: INJURIES INSULATION
Synthetic Versus Misassociation – 440 A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insu-
INFRARED RADIATION Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors lation for the External Tank Return to
of Outcome – 249 Flight – 446
Characterization of Passivated Indium
Antimonide – 91 Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inha- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
lation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biom- gram. 1987 Ship Production Symposium.
High Brightness from an Unstable Reso-
arkers and Time Course of Lung Inflam- Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation
nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post-
mation – 226 Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non-
print) – 157
Halogenated Polyphosphazene
Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc- Development of Hemostatic Foam – 68
ture and Bonding – 75 Agents – 234
Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumenta-
Nonelectronic Countermeasures for In- Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis- tion Research and Development at
frared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence NASA Glenn Research Center – 151
Heat Decoys as Countermea- after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411
sures – 461 INTEGERS
Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat-
Solving Integer Programs With Enumera-
INFRARED SPECTRA ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242
tion Cutting Planes – 300
Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358 Maintaining Combat Readiness in the
Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Range of the k-Dimensional Radon
Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol- Psychosocial Perspective – 266
Water Mixtures – 82 Optimizing Operational Physical Fit- Spaces – 393
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from ness – 271
Observations by the Cassini Infrared INTEGRALS
Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to Effective Bezout Identities in
Spectrometer – 446 Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242 Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349
INFRARED SPECTROMETERS Prediction and Prevention of Frost-
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from INTEGRATORS
bite – 242
Observations by the Cassini Infrared Creating Agile Business through Service-
Spectrometer – 447 Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a Oriented Architecture – 284
Passive Heat and Moisture Ex-
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY changer – 258 INTELLIGENCE
Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358 Online Learning Style and e-Learning
The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Approaches – 285
INHIBITORS Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify
Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Un-
Blends of Inert and Catalytic inhabited Military Vehicles: Human Fac-
Trauma Symptomatology Among Female tor Issues in Augmenting the
Agents – 91 U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 Force – 265
Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpres-
‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for As- INTELLIGIBILITY
sion of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A
sessing Military Vehicle Occupant Inju-
Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resis- Extension of ITU-T Recommendation
ries – 204
tance to Herceptin – 214 P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech
Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for INOSITOLS Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433
Radiosensitization of Prostate Can- Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Improving Multitalker Speech Communi-
cer – 215 Hexaphosphate – 230 cation with Advanced Audio Dis-
Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Pros- plays – 121
INSERTS
tate Cancer Radioresistance – 215 Joint Service General Purpose Mask Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and
New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration Contact Microphones – 121
Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision INTERFACES
Block Organophosphorylation – 218 Correction Insert Stability Evalua-
tion – 261 The Immersed Interface Method for Elas-
Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and ticity Problems with Interfaces – 400
Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 INSPECTION
INTERFACIAL TENSION
The Clinical Development of Thalildo- Development of Standard Procedures for
Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a
mide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor Shipboard Print Inspection – 71
New Shock Indicator; Implications for the
Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec- Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary
INHOMOGENEITY tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space Chondrites – 191
Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogene- Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on-
Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 INTERFEROMETERS
ity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interfer-
Accurate Formation Flying Design and
ence Backgrounds – 366 Visual Reference Standards for Weld Validation for the Darwin Precursor Dem-
Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 onstration Mission – 50
INITIATION
Initiation of Detonation in a Large INSTALLING An Overview of the Formation and Atti-
Tube – 28 Proactive Options With Neighbors for tude Control System for the Terrestrial
INJECTORS Defense-Installation Sustainabil- Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer-
ity – 435 ometer – 53
Local Heat Flux Measurements with
Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial INSTRUCTORS Formation Algorithms and Simulation
Element-Injectors – 61 Testbed – 444
From Distance Learning to Blended
Thermal Design and Analysis of the Learning: A Program Incorporating Mul- GNC System for the Deployment and
Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injec- tiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning - Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying
tor – 93 Examples from V-learn.ie – 285 Interferometer – 443
A-52
PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Research and Development of High- INVERSIONS
Concept and its Applications at Different Capacity Optical Link Technolo- An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Ro-
Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 gies – 291 tational Symmetry – 390
Km) – 443 Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimi-
Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Switching/Optical Access Net- zation – 192
Formation Flying Missions – 48 work – 281
IODIDES
SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Web-based Open Tool Integration
Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Framework – 299 Feasibility Study for the Reduction of
Roadmap Presentation – 48 Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous
INTEROPERABILITY Anions – 83
INTERFEROMETRY A New Conceptual Framework for Net-
Centric, Enterprise-Wide, System-of- IODINE
Interferometry – 51 Systems Engineering – 386 COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical
Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92
Close Formation Flight of Micro- Exploration of the Area of Multinational
Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
Update of HFM-120/RTG Activi- vidual Water Purification Devices – 89
Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using ties – 262
A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner ION BEAMS
and Baseline Rotation – 416 Incorporating Active and Multi-Database- Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy
State Services into an OSA-Compliant Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 407
Design and Implementation of Optimal Interoperability Toolkit – 310
Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa- ION CYCLOTRON RADIATION
rated Space Interferometry – 442 Model Problems in Technologies for In-
teroperability: Web Services – 316 High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen-
Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis- eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration
sion – 52 INTERPOLATION by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of
3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture BBELF Turbulence – 417
Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con- Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspec-
trol for Satellite Formations – 443 tive – 78 ION DISTRIBUTION
Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution
INTERIOR BALLISTICS INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICATION
in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster
Progress in the Development of a Mul- Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force (Preprint) – 405
tiphase Turbulent Model of the Mission – 430
Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am- IONS
INTERRUPTION
munition Primer – 147 Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice
Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency
INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION Multiplier – 166 Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride
Ions – 81
Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of INTERSTELLAR MATTER
International Space Station Pressure Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme IRON METEORITES
Wall Welds – 167 Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos-
Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447 sible Formation of the IVA Magma by
Last 45 Years – 255 Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL-
Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal-
ISS Internal Active Thermal Control Sys- and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p
lization and Cooling – 453
tem (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Interaction in Astronomical Environ-
Project -2006 Update – 80 ment – 449 IRON OXIDES
NASA Utilization of the International Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide- A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Oliv-
Space Station and the Vision for Space book – 444 ine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Se-
Exploration – 258 markona that Experienced Limited Re-
INTERSTELLAR RADIATION melting – 189
Nutrition Issues for Space Explora- SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detec-
tion – 221 tor – 447 Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in
CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for
INTERNETS INTERSTITIALS the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic
Attack Processes Found on the Inter- Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452
net – 323 Semiconductors – 178
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low-
Computer and Internet Use by Students INTESTINES FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules
in 2003. Statistical Analysis Re- Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El- in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous
port – 282 evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres- Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454
sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225
Eros-based Confined Capability Cli- Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties
ent – 313 INTRAVENOUS PROCEDURES of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State,
Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Com-
Home Computers and Internet Use in the position, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule
Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon
USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Cur- Size – 190
rent Population Reports – 120 Emulsion – 256
INTRUSION Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos-
How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP sible Formation of the IVA Magma by
Networks – 328 Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 346
Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL-
International Conference on Advances in Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Net- Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal-
the Internet, Processing, Systems and worked Systems – 317 lization and Cooling – 453
Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006 INVARIANCE Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in
MARBELLA) – 284
Measurement of CP-Violating Param- Type II Chondrules and Limited Over-
Internet-Based Cervical Cytology eters in Fully Reconstructed B to D(*)+- growths on Phenocrysts Following the
Screening Program – 232 pi-+ and B to D+-rho-+ Decays – 398 Final Melting Event – 191
A-53
IRON JET FLAPS KINETIC ENERGY
A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon- Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Air- Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correla-
drites – 189 foil – 15 tions in Jets – 26
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee JET FLOW Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu-
Children from Burma – 86 Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correla- vers – 30
IRRADIATION tions in Jets – 26 KINETICS
Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Pros- JOINED WINGS Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD
tate Cancer Radioresistance – 215 A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro-
Wing Scissor Morphing – 2 gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet-
IRRITATION
Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha- JOINTS (JUNCTIONS) Growth – 183
nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo- Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies
sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of
Pigs – 66 Joint – 405 FOX-7 – 96
ISLANDS Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient
JP-8 JET FUEL
Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition
Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction
Azores, Portugal – 144 of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 and Impact – 75
ISOMERS KALMAN FILTERS
Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex- KITS
Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Sys-
perimental and Kinetic Modeling VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition
tems in Correlated Noise with Non-
Study – 83 Tool for Real-Time Systems – 314
Gaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic
ISOTOPE RATIOS Behavior of the Difference Between the KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS
Role of Deep Convection in Establishing MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367 Building SASO Wargaming Simulations
the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and Without Programmers – 309
in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Riccati Equations – 354
FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame-
ISOTOPIC LABELING On the Effects of the Initial Condition in work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low- State Estimation for Discrete-Time Lin- Systems – 10
FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules ear Systems – 339
Knowledge Representation in PARKA.
in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En-
Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receiv- hancements – 337
ITERATION ers – 57
Machine Learning for the Knowledge
On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear KAMACITE Plane – 306
Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Oliv-
for Constrained Optimization – 351 KNOWLEDGE BASES (ARTIFICIAL IN-
ine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Se- TELLIGENCE)
The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the markona that Experienced Limited Re-
melting – 189 Efficient Reasoning with Large Knowl-
Hessian in Constrained Optimiza- edge Bases – 441
tion – 351 KAONS
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION
JAPAN Search for the Decay of Neutral B Me-
sons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in En-
Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication
Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detec- gineering Drawing Analysis – 301
Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding
Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 71 tor – 401 KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn-
KERNEL FUNCTIONS ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data-
JAVA (PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE) Poor Domains – 330
Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Fast Rates for Regularized Least-
Realizations – 303 Squares Algorithm – 371 Knowledge Representation in PARKA.
Learning User Preferences for Sets of Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En-
.NET Security: Lessons Learned and hancements – 337
Missed from Java – 295 Objects – 291
Polymorphous Computing Architecture LABORATORIES
Object-Oriented Design and Implemen-
tation of Computer Chess – 303 (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide-
on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 book – 444
The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for
Parallel Computing – 285 KIDNEYS LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS
The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide-
JET AIRCRAFT Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri- book – 444
F-22A Raptor – 22 mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203
LABOR
Final Environmental Assessment for the KILOMETRIC WAVES Labor Standards Application Program,
Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air
SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint
Force Base, New Mexico – 14
Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Shops – 108
Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Roadmap Presentation – 48
The Federal Workforce Additional In-
Sound – 19
KINEMATICS sights Could Enhance Agency Efforts
JET ENGINE FUELS Development and Testing of a High- Related to Hispanic Representa-
Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment Speed Real-Time Kinematic Precise tion – 423
of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 DGPS Positioning System Between Two LABYRINTH SEALS
Aircraft – 154
TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstra- Continued Investigation of Leakage and
tion Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Motion Control and Planning for Non- Power Loss Test Results for Competing
Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69 holonomic Kinematic Chains – 342 Turbine Engine Seals – 162
A-54
LAGRANGE COORDINATES Performance Comparison of Optically Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past
Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared La- Production of Nuclear Weapons: Back-
Orbit – 55 sers – 158 ground and Issues for Congress – 186
LAKES The Application of Intelligent Robotic LAYOUTS
Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Up- Systems and Lasers for Manufactur- Group Technology/Flow Applications Re-
per Mississippi River Backwater ing – 157 search (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Lake – 85 search Program) – 260
LAUNCH VEHICLE CONFIGURATIONS
LAND USE Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Ve- Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activi-
A Four-Component Decomposition of hicles – 47 ties – 377
POLSAR Image – 426 LAY-UP
LAUNCH VEHICLES
Proactive Options With Neighbors for The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Defense-Installation Sustainabil- A Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage- gram. 1993 Ship Production Symposium.
ity – 434 To-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Ve- Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva-
hicles – 39 tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons
LANGUAGES
Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architec- Application of Piecewise Linear Control Learned – 112
tures and Motion Control – 300 Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle LEADERSHIP
Guidance and Control – 40
LARGE EDDY SIMULATION Building SMART Leadership – 423
Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub- Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37
Maintaining Combat Readiness in the
grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu- Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The
sion Flames – 146 Launch Vehicle Operations – 40 Psychosocial Perspective – 266
LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual- Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula-
Research and Development of High- Launch Concept – 36 tion Model – 314
Capacity Optical Link Technolo-
NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Over- LEADING EDGES
gies – 292
view – 39 Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec-
LARGE SPACE STRUCTURES tion and Force/Moment Genera-
National Security Space Launch Re-
Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using port – 43 tion – 32
the Autonomous Formation Flying Sen-
RLV Flight Operations Demonstration High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec-
sor – 56
with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space
LASER ARRAYS Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on-
(PREPRINT) – 63
Fiber Laser Arrays – 158 Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45
RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve-
LASER BEAMS Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon-
hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space
Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propa- Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for
Exploration – 37
gation and Global Modeling – 195 Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im-
The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program pact Damage Thresholds – 78
Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly- Small Launch Vehicles – 36
Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro- Slotted Aircraft Wing – 23
cess – 362 THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN)
LEAKAGE
the New Paradigm for Booster Rock-
LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE ets – 42 Continued Investigation of Leakage and
Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution Power Loss Test Results for Competing
in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster LAUNCHERS Turbine Engine Seals – 162
(Preprint) – 405 Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measure- LEARNING CURVES
LASER MODE LOCKING ments of a Dismount With Rocket- How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful
Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at Animations for Teaching and Research
Technology – 159 Ka-Band – 149 Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camta-
LAUNCHING sia(TradeMark) – 287
LASER RANGE FINDERS
Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LA- Geostationary Operational Environmen- LEARNING THEORY
DAR – 155 tal Satellites: Additional Action Needed to Stability Results in Learning
Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other Theory – 395
LASER SPECTROSCOPY
Satellite Programs – 424
Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc- LEARNING
ture and Bonding – 75 Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual- A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1-
Launch Concept – 36 Associated Learning Disabilities – 217
LASER WELDING
Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Adding Numbers to Text Classifica-
(The National Shipbuilding Research Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet tion – 428
Program) – 104 Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447
Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water
LASERS LAW (JURISPRUDENCE) Soluble Extracts Protect Against
Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Con- Development of State Level Health Infor- Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures
gress – 158 mation Exchange Initiatives. Final Re- From Rat Forebrain – 222
Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propa- port – 116 KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn-
gation and Global Modeling – 194 Information Technology (IT) Manage- ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data-
ment: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Poor Domains – 330
COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical
Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430 Machine Learning for the Knowledge
Plane – 306
Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Public Safety Communications: Policy,
Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Proposals, Legislation and Stability Results in Learning
Thin Disks – 157 Progress – 119 Theory – 395
A-55
LEAST SQUARES METHOD The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Solving Integer Programs With Enumera-
A Memoryless Augmented Gauss- Integrated Human Centric Sys- tion Cutting Planes – 300
Newton Method for Nonlinear Least- tem – 267
LINEAR QUADRATIC GAUSSIAN CON-
Squares Problems – 360 LIFE (DURABILITY) TROL
A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob- An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of
lem – 351 Analysis – 387 Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free-
Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Free Boundary Conditions – 38
Least-Squares – 395 1.2 – 307 LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the
Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Para- Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Tele-
NASA: Sound Management and Over-
metric Filtering – 370 scope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363
sight Key to Addressing Crew Explora-
Fast Rates for Regularized Least- tion Vehicle Project Risks – 423 LINEAR SYSTEMS
Squares Algorithm – 371 LIFE SCIENCES Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Sys-
NASA Utilization of the International tems in Correlated Noise with Non-
TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Gaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic
Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations Space Station and the Vision for Space
Exploration – 259 Behavior of the Difference Between the
and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367
Using Tensor Methods – 356 LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS
Generalized Conjugate Direc-
The Determination of Remaining Satellite Exercise Following Simulated Parachut- tions – 374
Propellant Using Measured Moments of ing from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Re-
Inertia – 366 duced and is the Probability of Post De- On the Effects of the Initial Condition in
scent Decompression Sickness In- State Estimation for Discrete-Time Lin-
Toward Direct Sparse Updates of ear Systems – 339
creased? – 275
Cholesky Factors – 350
LIGHT SOURCES LINEARITY
LENNARD-JONES POTENTIAL Practical Twistor Spinoffs: On Shell Tree
The Inherent Visible Light Signature of
A New Large-Scale Global Optimization and Loop Recursion Relations – 398
an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light
Method and Its Application to Lennard-
Source Due to Combined Raman and LINGUISTICS
Jones Problems – 357
Sentence Level Information Patterns for
LEPTONS
LIGHT TRANSMISSION Novelty Detection – 438
Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic De-
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors Story Link Detection and New Event De-
cays B yields X(sub u)lV from BA-
for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- tection are Asymmetric – 330
BAR – 421
monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp-
LETHALITY tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex- LININGS
Initial Technology Assessment for the En- haust Streams – 419 Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as
vironmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105
LINE OF SIGHT
System – 152 Design of the GNC System for a New LINKAGES
The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Tech- Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele- On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar
nologies – 279 scope – 414 Linkages – 392
LEUKOCYTES LINEAR ACCELERATORS Scalable Detection and Optimization of
Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for N-ARY Linkages – 385
With Neurologic Decompression Sick- Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 LIPID METABOLISM
ness – 222 Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid
LINEAR ENERGY TRANSFER (LET)
LIAPUNOV FUNCTIONS Automating the Modeling of the SEE Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A
Families of Liapunov Functions for Non- Cross Section’s Angular Depen- Randomized Controlled Trial – 250
linear Systems in Critical Cases – 369 dence – 419 LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS
LIBRARIES LINEAR EQUATIONS The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric gram. 1993 Ship Production Symposium.
Search – 281 Orbits Using Linearized Equations of Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva-
Relative Motion – 54 tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons
LIBRATIONAL MOTION Learned – 112
Formations Near the Libration Points: LINEAR FILTERS
Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly- LIQUID AIR
Design Strategies Using Natural and
Non-Natural Arcs – 49 Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro- Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface
cess – 363 Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Com-
LIBRATION plex Radioactive High Level Radioactive
LINEAR PROGRAMMING Waste – 97
Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft For-
mations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular A Variable-Metric Variant of the Kar-
markar Algorithm for Linear Program- LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Libration Points – 444
ming – 348 Dynamics of Post-Translational Modifica-
LIE GROUPS tions on Human Histone H4 Through the
On the Convergence of the Mizuno- Cell Cycle – 239
High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center
Control of an Autonomous Underwater of the Solution Set – 349 LIQUID CRYSTALS
Vehicle – 395
On the Convergence of the Tapia Indica- Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive
Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc- tors in the Absence of Strict Complemen- Liquid Crystals – 94
tion – 360 tarity – 350 LIQUID FILLED SHELLS
LIFE CYCLE COSTS On the Formulation and Theory of the Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid
Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlin- Payload: The Candlestick Problem and
Analysis Capabilities – 375 ear Programming – 300 Porous Media – 142
A-56
LIQUID HYDROGEN LOG PERIODIC ANTENNAS LOW TEMPERATURE
Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Measurement of the Propagation Con- Deformation Microstructure in Beta-
Fluid Management – 143 stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Titanium After Deformation at Low Tem-
RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- Array (Preprint) – 137 peratures – 102
hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space LOGIC CIRCUITS Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow
Exploration – 37 Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard
Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant Synthesis and Testing – 138 Duty – 257
on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor- LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT Prediction and Prevention of Frost-
mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 Aging Naval Aircraft Study – 9 bite – 242
LIQUID OXYGEN Commercial Orbital Transportation Ser- The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a
Local Heat Flux Measurements with vices (COTS) Demonstrations – 45 Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify
Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258
Element-Injectors – 61 LOW THRUST
Forces: Expanded Operational Architec-
LIQUID PHASES ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For-
The Exploration Water Recovery Sys- ning and Control – 121 mation Flying – 62
tem – 442 LOGISTICS LOW VACUUM
LIQUID PROPELLANT ROCKET EN- University-Industry Relations in Hungary: Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum
GINES Establishment Scheme of the Budapest Materials Processing Technology – 91
Characterization and Analyses of Valves, University of Technology and Economics,
Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant LOWER ATMOSPHERE
Information Technology Innovation and
Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere
with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152
Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for LONG DURATION SPACE FLIGHT
Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62 Habitat Design Optimization and Analy- LUMINOSITY
sis – 452 Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for
Local Heat Flux Measurements with
Luminosity Performance Studies – 422
Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial NASA Utilization of the International
Element-Injectors – 61 Space Station and the Vision for Space X-ray Observations of the Black Hole
Exploration – 258 Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of
LIQUID ROCKET PROPELLANTS
X-ray Activity – 449
Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric LOSSES
Propulsion – 61 Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic LUNAR CRATERS
Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We
LIQUID WASTES
Modulators – 136 Can ‘See’ – 451
On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida-
tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol LOW CARBON STEELS LUNAR CRUST
Sprays – 84 Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
LIQUIDS Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Com- tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
Electronic Structure Studies of High En- plex Radioactive High Level Radioactive LUNAR DUST
ergy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 94 Waste – 97
The Apollo Expericence Lessons
Electronic Structure Studies of LOW COST Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust
Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxi- Management – 459
dation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. An-
Particle Image Velocimetry Using a LUNAR EXPLORATION
nual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30,
Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seed- 2005 – 188 Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
ing – 86 with M3 – 451
Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual-
LITERATURE Launch Concept – 36 LUNAR GEOLOGY
A Human Factors Review of the Opera- Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
tional Error Literature – 6 Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost with M3 – 451
Commercial GPS Receiver Through
Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War- Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We
fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Can ‘See’ – 451
Survey 1990-2005 – 248 The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program
Small Launch Vehicles – 36 LUNAR LANDING SITES
LIVER Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
LOW EARTH ORBITS
The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion
Quality and Performance Param- to Robotic and Human Missions in Near- LUNAR LOGISTICS
eters – 82 Earth Space – 329 The Apollo Expericence Lessons
Commercial Orbital Transportation Ser- Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust
LOADS (FORCES) Management – 459
vices (COTS) Demonstrations – 45
An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Defor-
mations for a Homogeneous Beam at Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 LUNAR PROGRAMS
Varying Tip Loads and Pitch with Onboard Autonomy – 60 The Apollo Expericence Lessons
Angles – 14 The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust
Small Launch Vehicles – 36 Management – 459
Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload
Analysis – 6 LOW REYNOLDS NUMBER LUNAR SOIL
Prevention of Low Back Com- Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
plaints – 277 nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
LOCAL AREA NETWORKS LOW SPEED LUNAR SURFACE
OCDM Transmission Experiments on An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133 with M3 – 451
A-57
The Apollo Expericence Lessons Magnetic Field Response Measurement MAGNETS
Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Acquisition System – 140 Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response
Management – 458 Research and Development (R&R) Sup-
Magnetic Field Response Sensor For
LUNAR TOPOGRAPHY Conductive Media – 139 port: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot
Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare
Can ‘See’ – 451 MAGNETIC MATERIALS Earth Magnets – 102
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High
LUNGS MAINTENANCE TRAINING
Temperature Magnetic Material for
Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inha- PWR – 74 The Human Effects of Non-Lethal Tech-
lation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biom- nologies – 280
arkers and Time Course of Lung Inflam- Investigation of Frequency-Domain and
mation – 227 Time-Domain Free-Space Material Mea- MAINTENANCE
surements – 400 Decision Analysis to Support Condition-
B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Ra-
Based Maintenance Plus – 19
diology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Search Efficiency – 213 Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of
Biomagnetic Interfacing Con- Army Main Battle Tank Compo-
Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro-
gram – 240 cepts – 259 nents – 99
Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano- Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in

MAGNETIC RESONANCE Recombination – 242
tubes: Ethical Implications and Human MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning
Risk Assessment – 201 for Radiotherapy of Prostate Can- Standards Database Maintenance
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM cer – 207 Phase II – 425
Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 MAGNETIC SIGNATURES
gram. Evaluation of New Surface Prepa-
Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass ration and Coating Repair Techniques in
Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag-
of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67
netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist
Breast Cancer – 205 Alone – 461 Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should
MACH NUMBER Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech-
Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- nical Data Needs to Support Weapon
Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilib- Perot Interferometers – 459
rium Air Plasma – 415 Systems – 17
MACHINE LEARNING MAGNETIC VARIATIONS MALES

Adding Numbers to Text Classifica- Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of
tion – 428 Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa- Black Men to Screening for Prostate
tions – 460 Cancer – 234
Reinforcement Learning – 333 MAGNETITE Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and
Machine Learning for the Knowledge A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Oliv- Mortality in Black and White Men in the
Plane – 306 ine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Se- Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208
markona that Experienced Limited Re- Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects
MACHINE TRANSLATION melting – 189
Combining Evidence from Homologous on Prostate Cancer – 250
Datasets – 437 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FLOW
MAMMALS
MACHINING An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC
Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133 Organization of Response Areas in Fer-
A Systems Engineering Approach to De- ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220
sign a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC STABILITY
MACROPHAGES MAMMARY GLANDS
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration Breast Cancer in African American
mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of Women: Molecular Analysis of Differ-
ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis BBELF Turbulence – 417 ences in Incidence and Out-
Survival – 219 comes – 202
MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po-
Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated
New Techniques in Space Weather Fore- tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap-
Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth
casting – 40 plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the
and Response to Chemotherapy – 243
Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa-
MAGMA MAGNETOMETERS tients – 243
Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos- Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing
sible Formation of the IVA Magma by Mission – 445 Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast
Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL- Cancer Among Women by Ethnic-
Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal- MAGNETORESISTIVITY ity – 209
lization and Cooling – 453 Design and Performance of GMR Sen- CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Gen-
MAGNESIUM ISOTOPES sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro- eration of Molecular Probes Capable of
beads in Biosensors – 400 Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu
Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous-
chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Peptide Complex – 247
MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Melt Asteroids – 193 Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated
Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Mag-
MAGNETIC FIELDS Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth
netorheological Fluids – 145
and Response to Chemotherapy – 243
Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass
Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag- MAGNETOSTRICTION Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Tar-
netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostric- get for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal
Alone – 461 tive Sensors – 156 Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212
A-58
Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpres- Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal
sion of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A Performance in the Operational Environ- for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mat-
Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resis- ment – 272 ing Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding
tance to Herceptin – 214 NOAA’s Environmental Data Manage- Research Program) – 144
Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor ment: Integrating the Pieces – 193 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions
Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 System Quality Requirements Engineer- With Application to Flexible Manufactur-
ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study ing Systems – 382
Identification of Potential Therapeutic
Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast on Asset Management System – 433 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano-
Cancer – 213 U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in tubes: Ethical Implications and Human
Implementing Aerospace Commission Risk Assessment – 201
Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen
and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu- Recommendations, and Remaining The Application of Intelligent Robotic
mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can- Challenges – 425 Systems and Lasers for Manufactur-
cer – 210 ing – 157
MANEUVERS
Protein Transduction Based Therapies Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three MAPPING
for Breast Cancer – 238 Formation Flying Micro Satellites in Robot Localization Using Visual Image
Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen GTO – 57 Mapping – 331
of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic Design and Implementation of Optimal Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs
Breast Cancer – 205 Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa- for Belknap County, New Hamp-
Selenium and Breast Cancer rated Space Interferometry – 442 shire – 171
Growth – 235 Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta- Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs
Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT- tionary Orbit Determination – 38 for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197
077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preopera- Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for
tively Treat Locally Advanced Breast MAPS
Formation Flying Missions – 48
Cancer – 236 Supporting Situation Assessment
MANIPULATORS through Attention Guidance: A Cost-
Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecu- Benefit and Depth of Processing Analy-
lar Target in Breast Cancer – 229 Impact and Force Control of Flexible
Manipulators – 345 sis – 259
MAN MACHINE SYSTEMS MARINE BIOLOGY
MANNED SPACE FLIGHT
The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Utility of Niche Models in Developing Site
Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion
Integrated Human Centric Sys- Assessments Technologies Associated
to Robotic and Human Missions in Near-
tem – 268 With Aquatic Nuisance Species Inva-
Earth Space – 329
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYS- sions at Corps Facilities – 305
Challenges of Human Space
TEMS Flight – 444 MARINE CHEMISTRY
Information System Models -- As A Tool The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the
for Shipyard Planning and Control (The Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the
Last 45 Years – 255 Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean
National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Com-
gram) – 432 Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 position Sensitivity to Variations in
Years – 221 Source and Process – 173
MANAGEMENT PLANNING
Department of Defense Net-Centric NASA Langley Research Center Sys-
MARINE MAMMALS
Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate
Participation in the Exploration Systems Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal
Information Technology (IT) Manage- Architecture Study – 459 Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In-
ment: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea-
Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430 Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a tures – 411
Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss
Results From Use of an Integrated Associated with Spaceflight – 255 MARINE TECHNOLOGY
Schedule for Drawing Development and A Planning Guide - New Technologies in
Equipment Procurement (The National MANPOWER
Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 Application of Shift Work Scheduling Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162
Strategic Planning of Communications Principles and Tools for Optimizing Con-
sole Based Operations – 263 A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour
and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar
Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Stan-
Energy Technologies Program – 177 MANUAL CONTROL dards (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocop- search Program) – 366
Forces: Expanded Operational Architec- ter Garmisch 2005’ – 24
Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication
ture for Combat Support Execution Plan-
MANUALS Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding
ning and Control – 121
User Manual for EXPRESS, the Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 70
Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Ap- ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Applications of Digital Transfer of Com-
proach to Managing Innovation in the Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, puter Aided Design Data for Production
Public Sector – 426 2006 – 283 Usage (The National Shipbuilding Re-
U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in search Program) – 304
MANUFACTURING
Implementing Aerospace Commission
A Geometric Algorithm for Automated Automatic Submerged ARC Welding
Recommendations, and Remaining
Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manu- With Metal Power Additions to Increase
Challenges – 425
facturing Multi-Material Objects – 161 Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Basic Principles of Industrial Engineering
eReadiness of Business Pro- ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- (The National Shipbuilding Research
cesses – 287 gram) – 373 Program) – 376
A-59
Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Ver- Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
sus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks- Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na- gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Five Year Report – 71 tional Shipbuilding Research Pro- Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
gram) – 73 Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints
Combining Welding Expert Systems With
Evaluation and Improvements – 101
Welding Databases to Improve Ship- Novel Techniques and Their Applications
building Production (The National Ship- for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
building Research Program) – 164 Welded Structures (The National Ship- gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Computer-Assisted Methodology for the building Research Program) – 162 Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives
Determination of the Optimal Number Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109
Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for
and Location of Tool Sheds (The National Underwater Service (The National Ship- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 building Research Program) – 71 gram. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium
Computerized Compendium of Stan- Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measure-
Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Sur- ment of Shipboard Piping Using a Por-
dards – 429
face Preparation and Coatings – 73 table Coordinate Measuring Machine
Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding (PCMM) – 163
of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Cast- Results From Use of an Integrated
ings (The National Shipbuilding Re- Schedule for Drawing Development and The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
search Program) – 164 Equipment Procurement (The National gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum
Development of a Ship Service Fuel Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft)
Cell – 181 Shell Plate Definition Guide for Ship De- Patrol Boat – 101
signers (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Pro- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
duced by Advanced Metallurical Pro- gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium
cesses (The National Shipbuilding Re- Ship Production Symposium Held in Se- Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip
search Program) – 98 attle, Washington on August 24-26, 1988 Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With
Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA (The National Shipbuilding Research Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac-
Steels – 102 Program) – 304 ing – 102
Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small (The National Shipbuilding Research gram. 1993 Ship Production Symposium.
Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Opera- Program) – 332 Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva-
tions Task 3.84.4 – 72 tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons
Soviet Technique for Estimating Post- Learned – 111
Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding
Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The (The National Shipbuilding Research The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Program) – 162 gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium.
Group Technology/Flow Applications Re- Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea-
The Application of Intelligent Robotic suring Systems for Increased Accuracy
search (The National Shipbuilding Re- Systems and Lasers for Manufactur-
search Program) – 260 and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re-
ing – 157 pair – 311
Harnessing Simulation of Naval Ship-
yards – 304 The Information Flow Requirements of The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
the Design and Procurement Processes gram. Combined Abrasive Recycling and
High Strength Steels Produced by Ad- of Shipbuilding Programs – 306 Containment - Final Report With Sum-
vanced Metallurgical Processes (The mary and Conclusions – 67
National Shipbuilding Research Pro- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram) – 100 gram. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation gram. Development of Non-Polluting,
Implementation of Advanced Technology Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non- Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys-
in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Work- Halogenated Polyphosphazene tems For Ships – 72
shop Report – 379 Foam – 68
Information System Models -- As A Tool
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram. Evaluation of New Surface Prepa-
for Shipyard Planning and Control (The
gram. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, ration and Coating Repair Techniques in
National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac- Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67
gram) – 432
Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299
(The National Shipbuilding Research gram. Evaluation of Shipbuilding
Program) – 104 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated
CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship- Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure
gram) – 373 yards – 72 Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
Marine Coatings Performance for Differ- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, gram. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of
Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle Distributive Systems Models.
for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mat- Measurement for Inclining Experi- Phase 1 – 172
ing Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding ments – 307
Research Program) – 144 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram. Reduced Volume of Spent Abra-
National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, sive in Open Air Blasting – 67
gram. Performance Testing of Marine Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the
Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Pro- Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
cedures – 68 Arc Welding Electrodes – 101 gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98
A-60
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- MARS MISSIONS Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body
gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Systems – 364
Pollution Prevention and Control Tech- Directorate Mission and Trade Study Automating the Modeling of the SEE
nology Used in Shipyards and Similar Analysis – 375 Cross Section’s Angular Depen-
Industries – 435
MARS (PLANET) dence – 419
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Challenges of Human Space Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mix-
gram. User’s Guide to Selection of Blast- Flight – 445 ture Estimation and Model-Based Clus-
ing Abrasives – 74
MARS SURFACE tering – 368
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Fission Surface Power for the Explora- Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying
gram)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning tion and Colonization of Mars – 175 Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying
Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98
Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Framework – 58
The Use of Computers in Advancing Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitabil- Development of Mathematical Models of
Group Technology (The National Ship- ity of Ancient Mars – 458 Immune Networks Intended for Informa-
building Research Program) – 306
MASKS tion Security Assurance – 326
Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Joint Service General Purpose Mask Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling
Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered
Life for Through-the-Arc Welding Sys- (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Porous Media – 169
tem – 163 Correction Insert Stability Evalua-
Generalized Physical Networks for Auto-
User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Soft- tion – 261
mated Model Building – 388
ware (The National Shipbuilding Re- Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a
search Program) – 304 Passive Heat and Moisture Ex- Integration of an Economy Under Imper-
changer – 258 fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco-
Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Fea-
logical Model – 283
sibility Study (The National Shipbuilding MASS FLOW RATE
Research Program) – 329 Model Averaging and Dimension Selec-
Continued Investigation of Leakage and tion for the Singular Value Decomposi-
Work Planning for Shipyard Surface Power Loss Test Results for Competing tion – 395
Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A Turbine Engine Seals – 162
Training Manual) – 100 Model Development and Inverse Com-
Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric
MARKERS Propulsion – 61
Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis- MASS SPECTROSCOPY
sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta-
Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM)
after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Compared with Other Forecasts – 5
Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabo- Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass
lism and Progression From High-Grade Spectrometry – 236 Numerical Simulations of the Fish Pas-
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HG- sage Facilities at Lower Granite
MASS TRANSFER Dam – 386
PIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216 Characterization and Analyses of Valves,
Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction
MARKETING Probabilities in DSMC – 357
A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112
Activities with Diverse Stakehold- MASSIVE STARS On a Powder Consolidation Prob-
ers – 310 lem – 69
Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions
Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation
to Service Failure – 288 Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Aver-
Clouds – 448 aging – 198
MARKOV CHAINS
MASSIVELY PARALLEL PROCESSORS Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit
Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme Synthesis and Testing – 138
PRA: Massively Parallel Heuristic
for a Partially Observed Controlled
Search – 382 Reduced Order Modeling in Control of
MATERIALS HANDLING Open Cavity Acoustics – 2
Multiple-Event Location Using the
Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Tech- Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Remarks on Uncertainty Assessment
nique – 290 Through Nonaxisymmetric Hop- and Management in Modeling and Com-
pers – 144 putation – 348
On the Poisson Equation for Countable
Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions Type B Package Radioactive Material Scalable Detection and Optimization of
and Parameter Dependence by Probabi- Content Compliance – 76 N-ARY Linkages – 385
listic Methods – 346 MATHEMATICAL MODELS Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Ve-
MARKOV PROCESSES A Combined Foam-Spray Model for hicle Structure Concepts for Mass Opti-
Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172 mization – 168
Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro-
cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlin- Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Ef-
Survey – 369 ear Parabolic PDE – 391 fects of a Towline Using the Method of
Characteristics – 16
Steering Policies for Markov Decision A Finite Difference Approximation for a
Processes Under a Recurrence Condi- Coupled System of Nonlinear Size- Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Air-
tion – 367 Structured Populations – 353 foil – 15
MARS ATMOSPHERE A Generic Multibody Parachute Simula- MATRICES (MATHEMATICS)

tion Model – 13
Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Successive Column Correction Algo-
Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve- A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostric- rithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Sys-
nus and Earth – 452 tive Sensors – 156 tems of Equations – 348
A-61
MATRIX THEORY MECHANICAL PROPERTIES Associations Between Responses to the
Guardian Maps and the Generalized Sta- Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar- Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen
bility of Parametrized Families of Matri- ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95 of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity
ces and Polynomials – 392 to Malaria Infection – 202
Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon
MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Cloning, Expression, and Purification of
Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro-
Optical and Mechanical Properties of
Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut- teins – 254
Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159
ter Scenarios – 86 Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibil-
Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Ve-
MEAN SQUARE VALUES ity of PTD-Mediated Translocation of
hicle Structure Concepts for Mass Opti-
Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly- Proteins Across Artificial Mem-
mization – 168
Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro- branes – 240
MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
cess – 363 MENTAL HEALTH
MEASUREMENT Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug
Combining Variable Selection with Di- Cells, Tissues, and Medical De- Target in Neurological and Psychiatric
mensionality Reduction – 372 vices – 254 Disorders – 233
Experimentation to Address Appropriate MEDICAL PERSONNEL Building Psychological Resiliency and
Test Techniques for Measuring the At- Medical Personnel Motivation in One In- Mitigating the Risks of Combat and De-
tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear- ternational Mission – 275 ployment Stressors Faced by Sol-
ing Protectors – 410 diers – 278
MEDICAL SCIENCE
Extension of ITU-T Recommendation Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Af-
Cognitive Performance in Operational ghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S.
P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech
Environments – 266 Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed
Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433
Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War- Army Institute of Research Land Combat
Investigation of Frequency-Domain and
fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Study – 277
Time-Domain Free-Space Material Mea-
Survey 1990-2005 – 248
surements – 400 Strategies to Maintain Combat Readi-
Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical ness during Extended Deployments: A
Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen
Research – 226 Human Systems Approach – 261
Uptake Tests – 236
The Human Volunteer in Military Bio- U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and
Measurement of the Propagation Con- medical Research (Military Medical Eth-
stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Readiness – 273
ics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241
Array (Preprint) – 137 MENTAL PERFORMANCE
U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and
NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission A Human Factors Review of the Opera-
Readiness – 273
Ground Validation Segment – 199 tional Error Literature – 6
Polymorphous Computing Architecture MEDICAL SERVICES
Cognitive Performance in Operational
(PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements Call-Center Based Disease Management Environments – 266
on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235
Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing,
Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measure- Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat- Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog-
ments on a Truncated Cylinder – 390 ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 nitive Performance During Sleep Depri-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- International Meeting on Medical Simula- vation – 257
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, tion (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres-
Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle in San Diego, California on January 14- sion and Function of Vanilloid and En-
Measurement for Inclining Experi- 17, 2006 – 241 docannabinoid Receptors – 216
ments – 307 Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro-
(Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram – 240
Combination for Maintaining Alertness
gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. and Performance in a Context of Con-
Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea- Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics tinuous Operations) – 269
suring Systems for Increased Accuracy from April 1, 2003, through March 31,
Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain
and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re- 2004 – 253
pair – 311
Report of Visit to the Public Health Col- ment – 272
Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb-
Precision Measurement and Detec- ruary 22-25, 1961 – 219
Readiness – 273
tion – 150
MELTING
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS MERCURY (METAL)
Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and
gram. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Melt Asteroids – 193 Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm
Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measure- Eisenia fetida – 74
ment of Shipboard Piping Using a Por- MELTS (CRYSTAL GROWTH)
Postshock Annealing and Postannealing MERCURY VAPOR
table Coordinate Measuring Machine
(PCMM) – 163 Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chon- Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxi-
drites: Implications for the Thermal and dation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. An-
MECHANICAL DEVICES Shock Histories of Chondritic Aster- nual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30,
Self-Calibrating Pressure Trans- oids – 456 2005 – 188
ducer – 160
MEMBRANES MESAS
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Func- Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and
Self-Calibrating Pressure Trans- tions of Prostate Specific Membrane An- Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area,
ducer – 160 tigen – 206 Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 170
A-62
MESOMETEOROLOGY METAL CLUSTERS Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced
The Continuous Ranked Probability Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc- Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Brec-
Score for Circular Variables and its Appli- ture and Bonding – 75 cia – 456
cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Postshock Annealing and Postannealing
METAL COATINGS
Verification – 358 Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chon-
Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
MESONS 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100 drites: Implications for the Thermal and
Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g Shock Histories of Chondritic Aster-
METAL JOINTS oids – 456
K+K+K- – 420
Hadronic B Decays at BABAR – 401 Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt
Inclusive Measurements of Vub from Ba- Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
nealing – 457
Bar – 421 Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints
Evaluation and Improvements – 101 METEORITES
Measurement of CP-Violating Param-
eters in Fully Reconstructed B to D(*)+- METAL PLATES Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules
pi-+ and B to D+-rho-+ Decays – 398 Balanced Orifice Plate – 104 in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor-
ite Fall – 457
Measurements of the Angle Al- METAL POWDER
pha(Phi(2)) at BaBar – 400 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post-
Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as
Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188
Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105
D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) METEORITIC COMPOSITION
METALLIC GLASSES
Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422 A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Oliv-
Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as
Quarkonium Spectroscopy at Ba- a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 ine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Se-
bar – 421 markona that Experienced Limited Re-
METALS melting – 189
Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Model-
to eta prime K* – 397 Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Al-
ling of Textured Metals and Validation
rich Chondrule from the Semarkona Me-
Search for the Decay of Neutral B Me- Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact
teorite – 456
sons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a Test – 99
Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detec- Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact
tor – 401 METAMORPHISM (GEOLOGY) Events on the LL Parent Body – 455
Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from
sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar Chondrites – 190 the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For-
c) Production Near Square root of s+ mation from H3 Chondrite Material by
10.6 GeV – 422 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced Possible Cometary Impact – 454
Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Brec-
MESOSCALE PHENOMENA cia – 456 Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift
The Continuous Ranked Probability in the O Isotopic Composition of the
Score for Circular Variables and its Appli- Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties Solar Nebula – 455
cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State,
Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Com- Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules
Verification – 358 in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor-
position, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule
MESSAGES Size – 190 ite Fall – 457
Comment ameliorer la selection et le Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous-
traitement des messages verbaux? (How Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to
to Improve the Selection and Processing for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Melt Asteroids – 192
of Verbal Messages) – 121 Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in
METABOLIC DISEASES METASTASIS CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for
Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic
High Throughput Screen to Identify
Cancer Among Women by Ethnic- Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452
Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer
ity – 210
Metastasis – 237 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced
Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Tech- Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Brec-
nology Meeting – 204 cia – 456
and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu-
METABOLISM mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can- Postshock Annealing and Postannealing
Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabo- cer – 210 Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chon-
lism and Progression From High-Grade Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based drites: Implications for the Thermal and
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HG- Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Shock Histories of Chondritic Aster-
PIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216 Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246 oids – 456
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties
Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State,
Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Breast Cancer – 205 Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Com-
Rats and Mice – 203 position, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule
Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Size – 190
Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242
Wearing New Biological and Chemical Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt
Protective Combat Uniforms in METEORITE PARENT BODIES Breccia that Experienced Post-shock An-
MOPP 1 – 275 Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact nealing – 457
Events on the LL Parent Body – 455
Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT- Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in
077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preopera- Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules Type II Chondrules and Limited Over-
tively Treat Locally Advanced Breast in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor- growths on Phenocrysts Following the
Cancer – 236 ite Fall – 457 Final Melting Event – 191
A-63
METEORITIC MICROSTRUCTURES MICROCOMPUTERS MICROSCOPES
Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules Optimization on Microcomputers: The Fabrication and Characterization of Elec-
in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor- Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347 tric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at
ite Fall – 457 the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133
MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYS-
METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS TEMS Model Development and Inverse Com-
Advanced Propagation Model (APM) A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with pensator Design for High Speed Nan-
Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern Integrated TEM Transmission opositioning – 133
California Desert – 196 Lines – 129 MICROSCOPY
Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me- MICROGRAVITY Fabrication and Characterization of Elec-
teorological Parameters STS-1 Through tric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at
A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Devel- the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133
STS-107 – 193
METEOROLOGICAL RADAR Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System
Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl- in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent
Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti- inders in Forced and Natural Flows and
mate Ocean Wind Fields – 197 Controls – 339
Microgravity – 141
METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES MICROSTRUCTURE
NASA Utilization of the International
New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Func-
Space Station and the Vision for Space
Weather-Related Accidents – 24 tions of Prostate Specific Membrane An-
Exploration – 258
tigen – 206
METEOROLOGY Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant Deformation Microstructure in Beta-
New Technologies for Reducing Aviation on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor- Titanium After Deformation at Low Tem-
Weather-Related Accidents – 24 mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 peratures – 102
METHOD OF CHARACTERISTICS MICROMACHINING Growth and Characterization of Large
Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Ef- A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138
fects of a Towline Using the Method of Integrated TEM Transmission X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of
Characteristics – 16 Lines – 129 Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti-
METHODOLOGY MICROORGANISMS 6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstruc-
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- ture (PREPRINT) – 103
Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for
Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) A, sion System for Proteomic Analy- MICROWAVE CIRCUITS
Version 1.2: Method Definition Docu- sis – 241 High Accuracy Multidimensional Param-
ment – 316 Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 eterized Surrogate Models for Fast Opti-
mization of Microwave Circuits in the
METHYL ALCOHOL Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Industry Standard Circuit Simula-
Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Infections in Andean Northern tors – 108
Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol- Peru – 218
Water Mixtures – 82 MICROWAVE FILTERS
Filtration in the Use of Individual Water A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with
METHYLATION Purification Devices – 88 Integrated TEM Transmission
Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Tar- Fossil Microorganisms in Ar- Lines – 129
get for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal chaean – 168
Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS
Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis A Combined Foam-Spray Model for
METROLOGY With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel- Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172
Accurate Formation Flying Design and oping in a Late Postpartum Woman:
Validation for the Darwin Precursor Dem- Case Report – 226 MICROWAVE TUBES
onstration Mission – 50 Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case
Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm Study: AEGIS Microwave Power
An Overview of CNES Strategy and Ac- in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 Tubes – 134
tivities on Formation Flying – 57 Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of
MICROWAVES
High Precision Optical Metrology for Individual Water Purification De-
vices – 402 Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41
DARWIN – 50
MILITARY AIR FACILITIES
MICE MICROPHONES
Simulation of Selected Ground-Water
NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology A Microphone-Array-Based System for Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and
and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transpla- Restoring Sound Localization with Oc- Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 143
cental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in cluded Ears – 137
Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in MILITARY AIRCRAFT
An Algorithm for the Accurate Localiza-
Utero Studies) – 65 tion of Sounds – 137 Aging Naval Aircraft Study – 9
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and MILITARY AVIATION
Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Aging Naval Aircraft Study – 9
Contact Microphones – 121
Rats and Mice – 203 MICROPROCESSORS MILITARY OPERATIONS
Polymorphous Computing Architecture A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In-
MICROBALANCES
(PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for
An Analysis of Weight Change in Fil- Maintaining Alertness and Performance
ters – 166 on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292
in Sustained Military Ground Opera-
MICROBIOLOGY MICROSATELLITES tions – 240
Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre- Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring
Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 System for Microsatellites – 415 Military Domains – 436
A-64
Cognitive Performance in Operational Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
Environments – 266 Use among Elite U.S. Army Sol- with M3 – 450
Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Sig- diers – 438 Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK
nals to a Covert Tactile Communication Optimizing Operational Physical Fit- Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications
System in a Dynamic Environ- ness – 271 for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and
ment – 118 Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189
Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics MINIMA
Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effec- from April 1, 2003, through March 31, Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima
tive or is Refractive Surgery a Better 2004 – 253 in Watershed Model Calibration – 354
Option? – 261 Prevention of Low Back Com- MINIMAX TECHNIQUE
Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer plaints – 277 On Minimax Robust Data Fusion – 367
Test – 149 Stress and Psychological Sup- MINING
Exploration of the Area of Multinational port – 277
Applications of Layered Double Hydrox-
Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil
Update of HFM-120/RTG Activi- System (TAO ITS) – 308 Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater.
ties – 262 Final Report – 87
The Risk Assessment of Occupational
Medical Personnel Motivation in One In- and Environmental Hazards – 272 MIRRORS
ternational Mission – 274
Trauma Symptomatology Among Female PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope
Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro- U.S. Navy Recruits – 237 Concept and its Applications at Different
gram – 240 Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000
Treatment of PTSD-Related Anger in Km) – 443
Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various Troops Returning From Hazardous De-
Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in ployments – 229 MISSILE DEFENSE
Diverse Operaties) – 6 Military Space Programs: Issues Con-
MILITARY TECHNOLOGY cerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Pro-
Stress and Psychological Sup- 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Sym-
port – 277 grams – 42
bology – 410
Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary MISSILE RANGES
CBO Testimony: Aging Military Equip- White Sands Missile Range Urban
Forces: Expanded Operational Architec- ment – 399
ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single
ning and Control – 121 Critical Technology Events in the Devel- Building Part 1: Background and Over-
opment of the Stinger and Javelin Missile view – 143
Tactical Aircraft Modernization: Issues for Systems: Project Hindsight Revis-
Congress – 23 MISSILE SYSTEMS
ited – 441
Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP)
The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation
Physical and Cognitive Function during Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export for Distributed Sensor Networks and Mis-
Continuous Operations – 274 Control and other Policy Deci- sile Seeker Systems – 293
MILITARY PERSONNEL sions – 431
MISSILE TRACKING
A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica- Military Space Programs: Issues Con-
Modelling and Simulation – 257 tions – 33 cerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Pro-
A Research Program on Health, Perfor- The Human Volunteer in Military Bio- grams – 42
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in medical Research (Military Medical Eth- MISSILES
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 ics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241 Critical Technology Events in the Devel-
Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Sig- Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey opment of the Stinger and Javelin Missile
nals to a Covert Tactile Communication Project - Canada – 337 Systems: Project Hindsight Revis-
System in a Dynamic Environ- ited – 441
ment – 118 MILLIMETER WAVES
Nonelectronic Countermeasures for In-
A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with frared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of
Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Integrated TEM Transmission
Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effec- Heat Decoys as Countermea-
Lines – 129 sures – 461
tive or is Refractive Surgery a Better
Option? – 261 Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere
MISSION PLANNING
with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152
Course Curriculum Development for the AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and
Future Cyberwarrior – 431 Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 Simulation System – 18
Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis- MINERAL DEPOSITS Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion
sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and to Robotic and Human Missions in Near-
after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitabil- Earth Space – 329
Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduc- ity of Ancient Mars – 458 Design of the GNC System for a New
tion Systems for Family Maltreatment, MINERALOGY Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele-
Suicidality, and Substance Problems in scope – 414
A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon-
the USAF – 257
drites – 189 Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis-
Monitoring Employment Conditions of sion – 52
Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
Military Spouses – 368
tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1
Motivational Interventions to Reduce Al- with Onboard Autonomy – 60
cohol Use in a Military Population – 244
New Shock Indicator; Implications for the NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Directorate Mission and Trade Study
Military Personnel – 187 Chondrites – 190 Analysis – 374
A-65
Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Computing Trust from Revision His- MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Analysis Capabilities – 375 tory – 435 Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in
Relative Attitude Determination of Earth Development of Mathematical Models of Recombination – 242
Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receiv- Immune Networks Intended for Informa- MOLECULAR CLOUDS
ers – 57 tion Security Assurance – 326 Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions
The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis- Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in
sion’ – 56 Model-Based Segmentation of Microar- Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular
ray Images – 369 Clouds – 448
MISSISSIPPI RIVER (US)
Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
of the Long Term Resource Monitoring Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far
Program: Predicted versus Observed Predictions – 365 Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol-
Catch – 114 Water Mixtures – 82
Model Development and Inverse Com-
Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Up- pensator Design for High Speed Nan- Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of
per Mississippi River Backwater opositioning – 133 Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystalliza-
Lake – 85 tion – 96
Model Problems in Technologies for In-
MITOCHONDRIA teroperability: Web Services – 316 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegen- Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot
Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Free Codes – 217
erative Disorders With Mitochondrial
Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398
Dysfunction – 228 Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants
Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT- Test of Models RAA and RAB Receiving of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate
077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preopera- Equipments – 123 Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems
tively Treat Locally Advanced Breast Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor from Molecular Structure by
Cancer – 236 Ground Validation for TRMM and SPARC – 282
MIXTURES GPM – 200 Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex-
Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and perimental and Kinetic Modeling
MODES Study – 83
Blends of Inert and Catalytic Improving Reliability of High Power
Agents – 91 Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of
MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model
Performance, Capacity and Limitations Compounds in Structure Control – 84
MODULARITY
of AMSS Communications – 116 MOLECULES
Comparison of Communication Architec- Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-)
MOBILITY tures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics
Methodological Issues when Assessing with Small Molecules – 92
Systems – 25
Dismounted Soldier Mobility Perfor- Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate
mance – 265 MODULATION Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Pros-
Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic tate Cancer – 213
Vision of the 4G Mobile Tele-
Range of Linearized Directional Coupler
phony – 119 MOMENTS OF INERTIA
Modulators – 136
Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should The Determination of Remaining Satellite
Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation Propellant Using Measured Moments of
Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech-
nical Data Needs to Support Weapon in Prostate Cancer – 251 Inertia – 366
Systems – 17 MODULATORS MONKEYS
MODELS Advanced Optical Modulators for Next- Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects
A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial generation Photonic Networks – 126 Against Monkeypox – 228
Prediction – 365 EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique MONOPROPELLANTS
A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmis- Micro-Chemical Monopropellant
Information Extraction – 381 sion – 126 Thruster – 30
Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic MONTE CARLO METHOD
Propagation in Aircraft Noise Predic- Range of Linearized Directional Coupler A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial
tion – 409 Modulators – 136 Prediction – 365
Automated Discovery of Mimicry At- MODULES Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Through-
tacks – 380 put and Traffic Delays Using Self Sepa-
Trainable Videorealistic Speech Anima-
ration Procedures – 4
Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Im- tion – 154
pact Models – 412 MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning
MOISTURE for Radiotherapy of Prostate Can-
Client/Server Model for Distributed Com-
Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a cer – 207
puting: An Implementation – 328
Passive Heat and Moisture Ex- Multiple-Event Location Using the
Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave In- changer – 258 Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Tech-
formation Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast nique – 290
with 3-G Hindcasting – 113 MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY
Growth and Characterization of Large O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction
Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex- Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138 Probabilities in DSMC – 357
pansion Model with Experimental Data
(Preprint) – 42 Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Re- MOON
gion – 130 Challenges of Human Space
Flight – 445
mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP
the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre- Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflec- Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
print) – 311 tance – 135 with M3 – 450
A-66
MOORING MUD MULTISENSOR APPLICATIONS
KEO Mooring Engineering Analy- Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded
sis – 193 Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua- Ordnance (UXO) Detection System De-
tion – 147 veloped by Geophysical Solu-
MORPHOLOGY tions – 153
Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZA-
TION Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantiza-
Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua-
tion – 147 Multidisciplinary Environments: A History tion in Distributed Detection Sys-
of Engineering Framework Develop- tems – 154
Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres- ment – 317
sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can- Optimal Quantization and Fusion in
cer – 227 MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection
Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for of Weak Signals in Dependent
Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD American Naval Power (1923- Noise – 334
a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro- 2005) – 413
gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet- Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor
ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain MULTIMEDIA Discrimination from Dependent Observa-
Growth – 183 Human Perception and Objective Delay tions – 383
Evaluation of Multimedia Ser- Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor
Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of
vices – 429 Ground Validation for TRMM and
Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model
Compounds in Structure Control – 84 Vision of the 4G Mobile Tele- GPM – 200
phony – 119
Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir- MULTISENSOR FUSION
culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, MULTIMISSION MODULAR SPACE- Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic
Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor- CRAFT Tracking Capability – 387
phology Change – 124 Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Forma-
tion Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Formation Algorithms and Simulation
MORTALITY Cross-Coupling – 50 Testbed – 444
Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and On Minimax Robust Data Fusion – 367
Mortality in Black and White Men in the MULTIPATH TRANSMISSION
Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Optimal Quantization and Fusion in
Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection
MOTION STABILITY for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 of Weak Signals in Dependent
Proceedings from the 2nd International Noise – 334
Symposium on Formation Flying Mis- MULTIPLE ACCESS
Analysis and Coding for Multiple-Access Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor
sions and Technologies – 48 Discrimination from Dependent Observa-
Channels – 121
MOTION tions – 383
An Integrated Approach to Motion and Code-Division Multiple-Access for High- The Dynamics of Information Fusion:
Sound – 302 Capacity Optical Networks – 122 Synthetic Versus Misassociation – 440
An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys- Discrimination Against Partially Overlap- MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
tem – 302 ping Interference -Its Effect on Through- Bayesian Model Averaging: Develop-
Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and put in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Ac- ment of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene
Optimal Movement – 359 cess Channels – 341 Selection and Classification Tool for Mi-
High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Multiple-Access Capability of Frequency- croarray Data – 244
Control of an Autonomous Underwater Hopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mix-
Vehicle – 394 Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal ture Estimation and Model-Based Clus-
Power Levels – 404 tering – 368
tures and Motion Control – 300 MULTIPLEXING Model Averaging and Dimension Selec-
Motion Control and Planning for Non- 100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer tion for the Singular Value Decomposi-
holonomic Kinematic Chains – 342 Power Converter Prototype Develop- tion – 395
ment Project – 141
MOTIVATION MUSCLES
A Study for Technology of Controlling
Medical Personnel Motivation in One In- Next-Generation Backbone Net- Prevention of Low Back Com-
ternational Mission – 275 work – 125 plaints – 277
Motivational Interventions to Reduce Al- Advanced Optical Modulators for Next- MUSCULAR FUNCTION
cohol Use in a Military Population – 244 generation Photonic Networks – 126 Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili-
MOUNTAINS Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier tary Field Training in Winter and the
Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multi- Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira-
Waste Forms Developed for Electromet- plexing for High-Capacity Optical Net- tory Fitness – 263
allurgically Treated Spent Sodium- works – 335
Bounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow
Yucca Mountain Repository – 109
Code-Division Multiple-Access for High- Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336
Turbulence and mountain wave condi- Capacity Optical Networks – 122
tions observed with an airborne 2-micron MUTATIONS
Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hy-
lidar – 24 Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1
brid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of
MOVING TARGET INDICATORS Optical Signals – 122 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 248
Video Moving Target Indication in the EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique Identification of Potential Therapeutic
Analysts’ Detection Support Sys- for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmis- Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast
tem – 153 sion – 126 Cancer – 213
A-67
The Role of the Neurofibromin- NASA Langley Research Center Sys- Relative Attitude Determination of Earth
Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu- tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receiv-
lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling Participation in the Exploration Systems ers – 57
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 Architecture Study – 459
NAVIGATION
NANOCOMPOSITES NASA Scientific and Technical Informa- A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for
tion Standards – 433 DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128
Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response
Research and Development (R&R) Sup- NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts
Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based Naviga-
port: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot Directorate Mission and Trade Study
tion – 330
Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Analysis – 374
Earth Magnets – 102 Design and Implementation of Optimal
NASA Technologies for Product Identifi-
Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa-
NANOPARTICLES cation – 44
rated Space Interferometry – 442
Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems
Houston-Galveston Navigation Chan-
Liquid Crystals – 94 Analysis Capabilities – 375
nels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel
Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353
Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 Small Launch Vehicles – 36
Optimal Geometric Deployment of a
NANOSATELLITES NASA SPACE PROGRAMS Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation
Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Ve- System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12
Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable
Launch Vehicle Operations – 40 hicles – 47 Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of
NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Over- Coastal Inlet Navigation Chan-
RLV Flight Operations Demonstration
view – 39 nels – 172
with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle
(PREPRINT) – 63 SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Pro- Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate-
gram – 148 gies – 53
NANOSTRUCTURES (DEVICES)
Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili- Space Shuttle Overview – 45 Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera-
ties Within the Positive-Differential- tions – 260
Resistance Regions of Tunneling De- Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir-
vices – 132 Roadmap Presentation – 48 culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0,
Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu- Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor-
NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM phology Change – 124
lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun-
neling Devices – 132 Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Forma-
tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM)
Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 tion Control: Stable Mode-Switching and
Research and Development (R&R) Sup- Cross-Coupling – 50
National Airspace System Moderniza-
port: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot tion: Observations on Potential Funding NAVY
Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Options for FAA and the Next Generation Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for
Earth Magnets – 102 Airspace System – 11 American Naval Power (1923-
NANOTECHNOLOGY 2005) – 413
NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING
Fabrication and Characterization of Elec- Sentence Level Information Patterns for Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA-
tric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at Novelty Detection – 438 18G Growler Aircraft: Background and
the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 Issues for Congress – 19
Story Link Detection and New Event De-
Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology tection are Asymmetric – 330 Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed-
Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na-
NATURAL SATELLITES tional Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Model Development and Inverse Com-
Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con- gram) – 73
opositioning – 133 trol for Satellite Formations – 443 Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro-
Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Forma- gram – 240
NANOWIRES tion Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Trauma Symptomatology Among Female
Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Cross-Coupling – 50 U.S. Navy Recruits – 237
Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137
NAVIER-STOKES EQUATION NEAR FIELDS
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Aug-
Biomagnetic Interfacing Con- Comparison of Numerical and Experi-
mented Rocket Nozzle – 145 mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of
cepts – 259
NAVIGATION AIDS the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre-
NARROWBAND Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera- print) – 312
Objective Measurement of the Speech tions – 260 Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution
Transmission Quality of Vocoders by in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster
Means of the Speech Transmission In- NAVIGATION INSTRUMENTS (Preprint) – 404
dex – 331 A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR
Interferometry – 51 Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measure-
Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- ments on a Truncated Cylinder – 390
Perot Interferometers – 459 NAVIGATION SATELLITES
Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere NEOPLASMS
NASA PROGRAMS Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa- B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Ra-
Decision Support Methods and tions – 460 diology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual
Tools – 388 Search Efficiency – 213
National Security Space Policy in the
Making Robot Planes Useful for Scien- U.S. and Europe. Trends and Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Pros-
tific Investigation of Earth – 13 Choices – 34 tate Cancer Radioresistance – 215
A-68
The Role of the Neurofibromin- Development and Flight Testing of a A Memoryless Augmented Gauss-
Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu- Neural Network Based Flight Control Newton Method for Nonlinear Least-
lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Squares Problems – 360
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Ca- On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear
NEPHELINE pacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298 Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods
Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Identification of Connectivity in Neural for Constrained Optimization – 351
Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental Networks – 340 On the Formulation and Theory of the
Results – 105 Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlin-
Identification of Infinite Dimensional Sys-
tems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Net- ear Programming – 300
NERVES
Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe- works – 338 Toward Direct Sparse Updates of
ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki- Neural Networks for Low Level Process- Cholesky Factors – 350
nase A – 205 ing of Tactile Sensory Data – 294 NICKEL ALLOYS
NERVOUS SYSTEM Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimi- Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chlo-
nation of Radar Targets – 337 ride Solutions Containing Organic Ac-
Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug
ids – 81
Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Neural Networks for Tactile Percep-
Disorders – 233 tion – 294 Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor-
rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo-
Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe- Optimization of Training Sets For Neural- ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80
ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki- Net Processing of Characteristic Pat-
nase A – 204 terns From Vibrating Solids – 340 NICKEL
Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegen- Friction Stir Processing and Fusion
NEUROLOGY Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller
erative Disorders With Mitochondrial Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug
Dysfunction – 228 Bronze – 96
Target in Neurological and Psychiatric
Disorders – 233 NIGHT VISION
NETS
Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer
Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for NEURONS Test – 150
Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain
Nets – 327 NIGHT
Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie
Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252 Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera-
NETWORK ANALYSIS tions – 260
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
Very Large Time-Constant Cir- NIOBIUM ALLOYS
Attentional Selection for Object Recogni-
cuits – 406 Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability
tion - A Gentle Way – 341
and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non- Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Alloys – 64
Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifi- Soluble Extracts Protect Against
ers – 405 NIOBIUM
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures
From Rat Forebrain – 222 Superconducting Photocathodes – 396
Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for
Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain NITRATES
Nets – 326 Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Fluidized Bed Biodenitrification Pro-
Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252 cess – 86
NETWORKS
Architectural Support for Extensibility NEUTRAL ATOMS Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor-
and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral At- rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo-
Object Systems – 293 oms – 413 ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80
Characterizing the Impact of Precision NITRIC OXIDE

NEUTRINOS
Time and Range Measurements from Development of All-Solid-State Sensors
Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am-
Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Net- via Coherent Radio Emission – 420
work Differential GPS Position Solu- monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp-
tions – 124 Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex-
and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p haust Streams – 419
Denial of Service in Sensor Net- Interaction in Astronomical Environ-
works – 322 NITRIDES
ment – 449 Understanding the Potential and Limita-
Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detec- tions of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar
Associativity On the Reliability and Per- tor – 447 Cells – 181
formance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Net-
works – 120 NEUTRONS NITRILES
System of Nanosecond 280-kevV- Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess-
Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bun- ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous
dling and Filtration in Large-Scale Dis- He(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418
tributed Simulations – 136 NEW HAMPSHIRE the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160
Scalable Detection and Optimization of Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs NITROGEN
N-ARY Linkages – 385 for Belknap County, New Hamp-
Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Up-
shire – 171
Wireless Sensor Network Applications per Mississippi River Backwater
for the Combat Air Forces – 8 Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs Lake – 85
for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197
NEURAL NETS NOAA SATELLITES
Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for NEWTON METHODS Geostationary Operational Environmen-
Real Time Decomposition of Superposed A Convergence Theory for a Class of tal Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorpo-
Radar Signals in the Presence of Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained rating Lessons Learned from Other Sat-
Noise – 153 Optimization – 388 ellite Programs – 446
A-69
NODULES NONEQUILIBRIUM PLASMAS Families of Liapunov Functions for Non-
B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Ra- Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilib- linear Systems in Critical Cases – 369
diology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual rium Air Plasma – 415 Feedback Control of Bifurcation and
Search Efficiency – 213 NONINTRUSIVE MEASUREMENT Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359
NOISE GENERATORS Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza-
Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi- Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seed- tion – 445
span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the ing – 86
NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and
NONLINEAR EQUATIONS Control of an Autonomous Underwater
nel – 1 A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob- Vehicle – 394
NOISE INTENSITY lem – 351
Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of ear Systems with an Uncontrollable Criti-
Propagation in Aircraft Noise Predic- Nonlinear Elastomers – 106
cal Mode – 393
tion – 409 Representations of Quasi-Newton Matri-
ces and Their Use in Limited Memory Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System
Development of a Silent Tow Sys-
Instability With Application to Axial Flow
tem – 408 Methods – 391
Compressors – 343
NOISE POLLUTION TENSOLVE: A Software Package for
Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc-
Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted tion – 360
and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems
Sound – 19
Using Tensor Methods – 356 Robust Control of Bifurcating Nonlinear
NOISE PREDICTION The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite- Systems With Applications – 342
Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse Successive Column Correction Algo-
Propagation in Aircraft Noise Predic- Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347 rithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Sys-
tion – 409 tems of Equations – 348
Toward Direct Sparse Updates of
NOISE REDUCTION Cholesky Factors – 350 The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite-
Development of a Silent Tow Sys- NONLINEAR FEEDBACK Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse
tem – 409 Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347
Discrete Representation of Signals from Compensators: A State-Dependent Ric-
Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with cati Equation Approach – 355 NONLINEARITY
Application to Noise Suppression and A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlin-
NONLINEAR FILTERS
Compression – 342 ear Parabolic PDE – 391
Experimentation to Address Appropriate Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro- A Finite Difference Approximation for a
Test Techniques for Measuring the At- cess – 363 Coupled System of Nonlinear Size-
tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear- Structured Populations – 353
Gaussian Filters for Nonlinear Filtering
Problems – 348 A Memoryless Augmented Gauss-
Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Newton Method for Nonlinear Least-
New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear
Sound – 19 Squares Problems – 360
Filtering – 343
Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Defor-
Noise Control for Hearing Protection and NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING
mations for a Homogeneous Beam at
Communication – 410 On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Varying Tip Loads and Pitch
Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods Angles – 14
Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation for Constrained Optimization – 351
Personnel – 20 Convergence Analysis of a Class of Net-
On the Formulation and Theory of the
Investigating Double Hearing Protection works of Nonlinear Coupled Oscilla-
Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlin-
using Human Subjects – 411 tors – 128
ear Programming – 300
Reduced Order Modeling in Control of The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the Developing and Understanding Methods
Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Hessian in Constrained Optimiza- for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimiza-
tion – 351 tion – 381
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS
Feedback Control of Bifurcation and
High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec- NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359
tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space A Finite Difference Approximation for a
Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on- Coupled System of Nonlinear Size- Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107
Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 Structured Populations – 353 Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of
Identification of Materiel Damage in Two A Memoryless Augmented Gauss- Nonlinear Elastomers – 106
Dimensional Domains Using Squid Newton Method for Nonlinear Least-
Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Com-
Based NDE System – 364 Squares Problems – 360
pressors: A Parametric Study – 146
Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insu- Application of Center Manifold Reduction
lation for the External Tank Return to to System Stabilization – 392 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Com-
Flight – 446 pressors: A Parametric Study – 148
Approximation Methods for Inverse Prob-
Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon- lems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of-
Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for Systems – 347 Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation
Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im- Control – 31
Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for De-
pact Damage Thresholds – 78 Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation
tecting Incipient Instability – 129
NONEQUILIBRIUM FLOW for Small Satellites – 3
Developing and Understanding Methods
Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilib- for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimiza- Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Sig-
rium Air Plasma – 415 tion – 381 nal Processing – 125
A-70
TENSOLVE: A Software Package for On the Convergence of the Mizuno- OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES
Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment
and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems of the Solution Set – 349 of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111
Using Tensor Methods – 356
Pattern Search Methods in the Presence Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano-
Two Methods for Calibration Without A of Degeneracy – 362 tubes: Ethical Implications and Human
Through Connection On A Three- Risk Assessment – 201
Sampler Vector Analyzer – 283 NUMERICAL CONTROL
Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi- OCEAN BOTTOM
Well-Posedness and Convergence of tive Information through Bottleneck Moni- The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the
Some Regularization Methods for Non- toring – 439 Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean
linear Ill-Posed Problems – 393 Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Com-
Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI position Sensitivity to Variations in
NONUNIFORMITY on PKI – 327 Source and Process – 173
Electromechanical Television Systems
with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and NUMERICAL INTEGRATION OCEAN SURFACE
Synthesis – 131 Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body A Combined Foam-Spray Model for
Systems – 364 Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172
NORMALITY
Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft For- Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave
Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction
mations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Transformation – 377
Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti-
Libration Points – 444
mation – 350 OCEANOGRAPHY
On Stabilization with a Prescribed Re- NUTRITION KEO Mooring Engineering Analy-
gion of Asymptotic Stability – 392 Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee sis – 193
Children from Burma – 87 Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal
NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZA-
TION (NATO) Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In-
Last 45 Years – 255 teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea-
NATO Advanced Research Workshop: tures – 411
Optics of Biological Particles. Held in Changes in Space Food over the Last 45
Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct Years – 221 OCEANS
2005 – 416 A Combined Foam-Spray Model for
Nutrition Issues for Space Explora- Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172
NORTH CAROLINA tion – 221
Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL
Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Vehicle – 60
Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Use among Elite U.S. Army Sol-
Carolina – 439 diers – 438 Sound Transmission to Long Ranges in
the Ocean – 408
NUCLEAR FISSION Report of Visit to the Public Health Col-
Fission Surface Power for the Explora- lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb- Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal
tion and Colonization of Mars – 175 ruary 22-25, 1961 – 219 Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In-
teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea-
NUCLEAR FUELS Report of Visits to Singapore and tures – 411
Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of Djakarta – 220
The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the
Waste Forms Developed for Electromet- O RING SEALS Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean
allurgically Treated Spent Sodium- Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess- Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Com-
Bounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous position Sensitivity to Variations in
Yucca Mountain Repository – 109 Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of Source and Process – 173
NUCLEAR WEAPONS the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160 Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti-
Nuclear Command and Control: Current OBESITY mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196
Programs and Issues – 118 Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of OCTAVES
NULL ZONES Overweight and Obesity in African Ameri- OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Ver-
cans and Caucasians – 231 sion 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Work-
Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using
A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner sheets for Systems – 320
OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING
and Baseline Rotation – 416 Active Relations for Specifying and OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Implementing Software Object Manage- Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduc-
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS tion to OCTAVE-S – 321
ment – 326
A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control
Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Bays – 13 Realizations – 303 Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example
Scenario – 318
Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric Object-Oriented Design and Implemen-
Orbits Using Linearized Equations of tation of Computer Chess – 303 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Relative Motion – 54 Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Prepara-
OBSERVATORIES tion Guidance – 321
Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Analysis of the Optical Design for the
Least-Squares – 395 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
SAFIR Telescope – 416 Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method
Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Examination of the Armagh Observatory Guidelines – 321
Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Pre- Annual Mean Temperature Record,
mixed Flames – 353 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
1844-2004 – 199 Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organiza-
Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE tional Worksheets – 320
Nonlinear Elastomers – 106
A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Plan- OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Aug- ning and Obstacle Avoidance With Non- Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical
mented Rocket Nozzle – 145 Holonomic Robots – 389 Asset Worksheets for Information – 320
A-71
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly- OPTICAL SWITCHING
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro- Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst
Asset Worksheets for Applica- cess – 362 Switching/Optical Access Net-
tions – 319 Highly Efficient Optical Communication work – 281
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Technologies – 126 OPTICS
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Review of the National Institute of Infor- Studies on Architecture and Control
Asset Worksheets for People – 319 mation and Communications Technol- Technology for Optical Packet
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation ogy, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116 Switches – 127
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy OPTIMAL CONTROL
OPTICAL CONTROL
and Plan Worksheets – 319 LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of
ODORS Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflec- Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free-
Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based Naviga- tance – 136 Free Boundary Conditions – 38
tion – 330 OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc-
OILS Highly Efficient Optical Communication tion – 360
Applications of Layered Double Hydrox- Technologies – 126 Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua-
ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil OCDM Transmission Experiments on tors – 106
Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions
Final Report – 87 With Application to Flexible Manufactur-
Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Sig-
China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 nal Processing – 125 ing Systems – 382
Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid Research and Development of 160 OPTIMIZATION
Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Proto- A Comparative Study for Orthogonal
Randomized Controlled Trial – 249 type and Related Technologies – 116 Subspace Projection and Constrained
OLIGOMERS Review of the National Institute of Infor-
Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot mation and Communications Technol- A Global Convergence Theory for Gen-
Free Codes – 217 ogy, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116 eral Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for
Equality Constrained Optimiza-
ONCOGENES OPTICAL DATA STORAGE MATERIALS tion – 347
Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po- Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For
Digital Media – 429 A New Large-Scale Global Optimization
tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap-
Method and Its Application to Lennard-
plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the OPTICAL DISKS Jones Problems – 356
Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa-
Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For
tients – 243 Developing and Understanding Methods
Digital Media – 429
for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimiza-
ON-LINE SYSTEMS OPTICAL EQUIPMENT tion – 381
Vision of the 4G Mobile Tele- Advanced Optical Modulators for Next-
phony – 120 Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component
generation Photonic Networks – 126 of the Long Term Resource Monitoring
OPACITY Analysis of the Optical Design for the Program: Predicted versus Observed
X-ray Observations of the Black Hole SAFIR Telescope – 416 Catch – 114
Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and
X-ray Activity – 450 OPTICAL FIBERS
Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Optimal Movement – 359
OPERATIONS RESEARCH Mitigation – 127 High Accuracy Multidimensional Param-
Decision Analysis to Support Condition- eterized Surrogate Models for Fast Opti-
Research and Development of High-
Based Maintenance Plus – 19 mization of Microwave Circuits in the
gies – 291 Industry Standard Circuit Simula-
OPERATOR PERFORMANCE
tors – 108
A Human Factors Review of the Opera- OPTICAL MEASUREMENT
tional Error Literature – 6 On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear
Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta- Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods
OPHTHALMOLOGY tionary Orbit Determination – 39 for Constrained Optimization – 351
Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged OPTICAL PATHS Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc-
Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effec- A Study for Technology of Controlling tion – 360
tive or is Refractive Surgery a Better Next-Generation Backbone Net-
Option? – 262 work – 125 Optimization of Training Sets For Neural-
Net Processing of Characteristic Pat-
OPTICAL COMMUNICATION Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super- terns From Vibrating Solids – 340
Advanced Optical Modulators for Next- Network – 117
Optimizing Operational Physical Fit-
generation Photonic Networks – 126 OPTICAL PROPERTIES ness – 271
Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier Optical and Mechanical Properties of
CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multi- Glass Blown In Vacuo – 160
N-ARY Linkages – 385
OPTICAL RADAR
works – 335 Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Ve-
Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LA- hicle Structure Concepts for Mass Opti-
Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hy- DAR – 155 mization – 168
Optical Signals – 122 Three-Dimensional Change Detection Some Properties of Empirical Risk Mini-
With the Use of an Evidence Grid – 154 mization Over Donsker Classes – 371
Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory
Cues About Threat Location on Target OPTICAL SCANNERS The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the
Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Hessian in Constrained Optimiza-
Auditory Communications – 117 Official Identity Documents – 152 tion – 351
A-72
Toward Direct Sparse Updates of New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties
Cholesky Factors – 350 Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State,
Block Organophosphorylation – 218 Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Com-
OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES
Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic ORGANISMS Size – 190
Range of Linearized Directional Coupler The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Modulators – 136 gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, OXIDES
ORBIT DETERMINATION Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of Combinatorial Exploration of Novel
Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship- Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi-
Formation Flying Micro Satellites in yards – 72 als – 179
GTO – 57 ORGANIZATIONS Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior
Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Building SMART Leadership – 423 of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg.
Flying Demonstration – 58 Fiber Orientation – 90
Computation of Delays in Acyclical Dis-
Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta- Effects of Frequency and Environment
tributed Decisionmaking Organiza-
tionary Orbit Determination – 38 on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide
tions – 429
Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg.
Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con- Creating Agile Business through Service- C – 88
trol for Satellite Formations – 443 Oriented Architecture – 284
Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois:
ORBITAL MANEUVERS Decision Analysis to Support Condition- CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren- Based Maintenance Plus – 18 in Gulf War Illness – 250
dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora-
Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi- OXIDIZERS
tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or-
tive Information through Bottleneck Moni- Electrochemically Generated Oxidant
bits – 59
toring – 438 Disinfection in the Use of Individual Wa-
ORBITAL MECHANICS Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human ter Purification Devices – 89
Static Formation Control Using Inter- Behavior Influence Models – 432
spacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48 OXYGEN 17
Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Ap- Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift
ORBITAL RENDEZVOUS proach to Managing Innovation in the in the O Isotopic Composition of the
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren- Public Sector – 426 Solar Nebula – 455
tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- ORIFICES Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low-
bits – 59 Balanced Orifice Plate – 104 FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules
in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous
ORBITAL SERVICING OSCILLATIONS Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454
Commercial Orbital Transportation Ser- Design of Current Impulse Genera-
vices (COTS) Demonstrations – 46 tor – 131 OXYGEN 18
ORBITS Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low-
Physical Look on Economic and Finance FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules
Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun- Oscillations – 131 in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous
Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Gen-
Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454
eration and Adaptive Full-State Feed-
back Control – 52 Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407
OXYGEN CONSUMPTION
The Determination of Remaining Satellite OSCILLATORS Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen
Propellant Using Measured Moments of Convergence Analysis of a Class of Net- Uptake Tests – 236
Inertia – 366 works of Nonlinear Coupled Oscilla- Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili-
ORDNANCE tors – 128 tary Field Training in Winter and the
Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira-
OVARIES
Ordnance (UXO) Detection System De- tory Fitness – 262
A Double Selection Approach to Achieve
veloped by Geophysical Solu-
Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for OXYGEN ISOTOPES
tions – 153
Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict
ORGANELLES and Host Grains in Chondrules in the
Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched OXIDASE Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 455
Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres-
Merozoites – 223 sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can- OXYGENATION
cer – 227 Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT-
ORGANIC MATERIALS 077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preopera-
Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating OXIDATION tively Treat Locally Advanced Breast
Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior Cancer – 236
of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg.
ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS OXYGEN
Fiber Orientation – 90
A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es- Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat-
cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxi-
ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242
Production of Organophosphorus Hydro- dation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. An-
lase – 69 nual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen
2005 – 187 Uptake Tests – 236
Development of a Physiologically Based
Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthet- New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sen- New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re-
ics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflu- sitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 combination at Light-Induced Boron-
rane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) – 217 Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174
On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida-
Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Orga- tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With
nophosphorus Compounds – 69 Sprays – 83 40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256
A-73
OXYNITRIDES PARABOLIC REFLECTORS PARASITIC DISEASES
High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Development and Testing of a Power Associations Between Responses to the
Propagation and Impact Damage in Trough System Using a Structurally- Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen
Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride Efficient, High-Performance, Large- of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity
(AION) – 114 Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass to Malaria Infection – 202
Reflector and Focal Point Rota- Novel Antigen Identification Method for
Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for tion – 180
PV Packaging – 184 Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En-
PACKAGING Trough Development – 180 coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re- Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough nome – 224
placement for the 6M Specification Pack- Project – 177 Update on the Clinical Development of
age – 76 Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224
PARACHUTE DESCENT
Post Fire Transient Temperature Distri- Exercise Following Simulated Parachut- PARSING ALGORITHMS
bution in Drum Type Packages – 77 ing from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Re- Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimo-
Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for duced and is the Probability of Post De- dal System, for a No-Wait Temporal
PV Packaging – 184 scent Decompression Sickness In- Threshold on Information Fusion, Com-
creased? – 275 bined with an Under-Specified Dis-
Type B Package Radioactive Material play – 336
PARACHUTES
Content Compliance – 76
A Generic Multibody Parachute Simula- Incremental Parsing with Reference In-
PACKET SWITCHING tion Model – 13 teraction – 341
OCDM Transmission Experiments on Simulation of Weapons Release from Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow
JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Cargo Aircraft – 8 Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336
Research and Development of 160 PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUTERS) PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Proto- Distributed Detection from Multiple Sen- A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlin-
type and Related Technologies – 116 sors with Correlated Observa- ear Parabolic PDE – 391
tions – 334
Review of the National Institute of Infor- Conceptual Processes for Linking
mation and Communications Technol- International Conference on Advances in Eutrophication and Network Mod-
ogy, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116 the Internet, Processing, Systems and els – 354
Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006
MARBELLA) – 284 Sensitivity Analysis of Differential-
PAINT REMOVAL Algebraic Equations and Partial Differen-
Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed- Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology tial Equations – 281
Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na- Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137
tional Shipbuilding Research Pro- PARTICLE ACCELERATORS
MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of
gram) – 73 Dalitz Plot Analysis of $B( up arro-
Efficient Native Supercomputing for Mi-
crosoft Windows Architecture – 288 w)O(underbar)d to K+ pi(up arrow) pi(up
PAINTS arrow)O$ Decays – 418
A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering
and Associated Random Vari- HOM Effects in Vacuum System with
Paints and Coatings – 66 Short Bunches – 396
ables – 362
ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting, Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics
Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75 PRA: Massively Parallel Heuristic
Search – 382 With Coherent Radiation And a Trans-
Labor Standards Application Program, verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418
The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for
Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint System of Nanosecond 280-kevV-
Parallel Computing – 285
Shops – 108 He(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418
PARAMAGNETISM
Marine Coatings Performance for Differ- PARTICLE COLLISIONS
ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 Design and Performance of GMR Sen-
sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro- A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric
beads in Biosensors – 400 Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63
PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION PARTICLE DECAY
Transport During the Last Millen- Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme Charm Baryon Studies at BaBAR – 422
nium – 173 for a Partially Observed Controlled
Dalitz Plot Analysis of $B( up arro-
PALEONTOLOGY w)O(underbar)d to K+ pi(up arrow) pi(up
Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima arrow)O$ Decays – 418
Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten- in Watershed Model Calibration – 354
tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g
Parameter Estimation Techniques for a K+K+K- – 420
PALLADIUM Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398
Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay
Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability PARANASAL SINUSES B+yields K+K+K- – 397
and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic De-
Alloys – 64 CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role cays B yields X(sub u)lV from BA-
in Gulf War Illness – 250 BAR – 420
PANELS
PARASITES Hadronic B Decays at BABAR – 401
A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com-
parison with Conventional Sys- Novel Antigen Identification Method for
Inclusive Measurements of Vub from Ba-
tems – 35 Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
Bar – 421
Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar coding Exons from the Parasite Ge- Measurement of the CKM-Angle gamma
Arrays – 41 nome – 224 BABAR – 421
A-74
Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields PATTERN RECOGNITION New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in
D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) A New Biologically Motivated Framework Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically
Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422 for Robust Object Recognition – 334 Block Organophosphorylation – 218
Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi Attentional Selection for Object Recogni-
+ pi - Gamma (2S) – 422 PERCEPTION
tion - A Gentle Way – 340
Human Perception and Objective Delay
Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime Experiments in Expression Recogni- Evaluation of Multimedia Ser-
to eta prime K* – 397 tion – 333 vices – 429
PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY Eye Detection in Intensity Images for
Particle Image Velocimetry Using a Official Identity Documents – 151 PERCHLORATES
Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seed- Near Real-Time Event Detection & Pre- Feasibility Study for the Reduction of
ing – 86 diction Using Intelligent Software Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous
Agents – 43 Anions – 83
PARTICLE MASS
Charm Baryon Studies at BaBAR – 422 Object Recognition with Features In- Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separa-
spired by Visual Cortex – 332 tion Column – 83
Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub
sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar On the Role of Object-Specific Features Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient
c) Production Near Square root of s+ for Real World Object Recognition in of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition
10.6 GeV – 422 Biological Vision – 338 Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction
and Impact – 75
PARTICLE PRODUCTION Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vi-
sion Systems – 337
Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub PERFORMANCE PREDICTION
sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar Robust Learning and Segmentation for An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa-
c) Production Near Square root of s+ Scene Understanding – 339 coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca-
10.6 GeV – 423 Shape Representation in V4: Investigat- pabilities for Installed Cooling
PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound- Fans – 408
The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine ary Confirmation with the Standard
Application of Shift Work Scheduling
Particle Study – 222 Model of Object Recognition – 252
Principles and Tools for Optimizing Con-
StreetScenes: Towards Scene Under- sole Based Operations – 263
PARTICLES standing in Still Images – 335
Refractive Index Determination of Bio- Close Formation Flight of Micro-
logical Particles – 97 Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49
Spikes – 252
PASSENGERS Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship
PATTERN REGISTRATION Performance: Predicting Shooting Per-
Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid formance with Advanced Distributed
Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Learning Assessments – 301
Approach – 390
‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for As- Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric
sessing Military Vehicle Occupant Inju- PAYLOADS Propulsion – 61
ries – 204 Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid
Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Methodological Issues when Assessing
PATHOGENS Porous Media – 142 Dismounted Soldier Mobility Perfor-
mance – 264
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres-
PEGASUS SATELLITES
sion System for Proteomic Analy- Support of Mission and Work Scheduling
sis – 241 First Formation Flying Demonstration
by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276
Mission Including on Flight Bracewell
Filtration in the Use of Individual Water Nulling – 54 Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance
Purification Devices – 88 Prediction – 77
PELVIS
Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate
in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 PERFORMANCE TESTS
Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245
An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa-
PATIENTS PENDULUMS coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca-
Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po- Close Formation Flight of Micro- pabilities for Installed Cooling
tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap- Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49 Fans – 408
plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the
Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa- PENETRATION Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of
tients – 243 Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Litera-
Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra- ture Study – 410
Partnering for Patient Empowerment
through Community Awareness. Facilita- tors – 2 High Precision Optical Metrology for
tor’s Guide – 425 PENTANES DARWIN – 50
PATROLS Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex- National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Border Security: The Role of the U.S. perimental and Kinetic Modeling gram. Performance Testing of Marine
Border Patrol – 150 Study – 83 Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Pro-
cedures – 68
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- PEPTIDES
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac- Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating
Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil-
CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Gen- ity – 182
Patrol Boat – 101
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu Performance Results of CMMI-Based
Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 Peptide Complex – 247 Process Improvement – 316
A-75
Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS
Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of
Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure FOX-7 – 96
in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for PHENOLS
PERTURBATION THEORY Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol
Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108
Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavi- Resveratrol – 239
Small PV Systems Performance Evalua- ties – 401
tion at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Us- PHOSPHATES
PERTURBATION Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants
ing the PVUSA Power Rating
Method – 175 Design and Implementation of Optimal of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate
Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa- Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems
Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst rated Space Interferometry – 443 from Molecular Structure by
Switching/Optical Access Net-
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren- SPARC – 283
work – 281
dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora- PHOSPHAZENE
PERIODIC VARIATIONS tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Detecting Periodic Components in a bits – 59 gram. 1987 Ship Production Symposium.
White Gaussian Time Series – 192 Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft For- Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation
PERIODICALS mations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non-
NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 – 447 Libration Points – 444 Halogenated Polyphosphazene
PERU Foam – 68
Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engi-
neers? – 284 Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira PHOSPHORUS
Infections in Andean Northern Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity
Shock and Vibration Bulletin. No. Peru – 218 are Down-Regulated During Hibernation
5 – 428
PETROGRAPHY in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe-
Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe- and Host Grains in Chondrules in the ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki-
ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki- Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 455 nase A – 204
nase A – 205
PETROLOGY PHOSPHORYLATION
PERMEABILITY A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Oliv- Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity
Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability ine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Se- are Down-Regulated During Hibernation
and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni markona that Experienced Limited Re- in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223
Alloys – 64 melting – 189
cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Co-
PERMEATING Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in operate With Estrogen to Promote Estro-
Characteristic Electrochemical Noise CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for gen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquiti-
During Electrochemical Determination of the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic nation and Proteolysis in ER Negative
Hydrogen Permeation – 64 Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452 Breast Cancers – 250
Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in PHOTOCATHODES

and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni Type II Chondrules and Limited Over- Superconducting Photocathodes – 396
Alloys – 63 growths on Phenocrysts Following the
Final Melting Event – 191 PHOTOELECTRIC EMISSION
PERSONAL COMPUTERS Photoelectric Emission Measurements
PHARMACOLOGY
Home Computers and Internet Use in the on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust
Development of a Physiologically Based Grains – 450
USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Cur- Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthet-
rent Population Reports – 120 ics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflu- PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PERSONALITY rane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) – 217 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis- gram. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of
Online Learning Style and e-Learning
sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence Distributive Systems Models.
Approaches – 285
after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Phase 1 – 172
PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT PHOTOGRAPHS
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of
Course Curriculum Development for the Eye Detection in Intensity Images for
Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic
Future Cyberwarrior – 431 Official Identity Documents – 152
PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT Rats and Mice – 203 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave
The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve- PHASE CONTROL Propagation and Impact Damage in
hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride
Human Systems Integration Lessons on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor- (AION) – 114
Learned – 279 mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 PHOTOIONIZATION
PERSONNEL PHASE LOCKED SYSTEMS Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and
Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma
Behavior Influence Models – 432 Multiplier – 166 Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449
Strategies to Maintain Combat Readi- PHASE SHIFT CIRCUITS PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
ness during Extended Deployments: A The Relative Position Control in Forma- Characterization of Passivated Indium
Human Systems Approach – 261 tion Flying Satellites Using Super- Antimonide – 91
Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring Conducting Magnets – 62
PHOTOMETERS
System (TAO ITS) – 308 PHASE SHIFT Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly-
Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera- Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro-
tions – 260 Optimal Movement – 359 cess – 363
A-76
PHOTONICS PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic Sys- PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES
Addressing the Requirements for RF tem and Component Certification, Test Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold
Photonics – 355 Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photo- Environments – 271
voltaic Energy Systems International
Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- Standards – 181 CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac-
tonics for Space Applications – 34 tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225
PHOTOVOLTAIC EFFECT
R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian
the World – 127 Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- Time Structure during Long Duration
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- Flights in Man – 276
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 bit – 35
Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine In-
PHOTONS PHYSICAL EXERCISE ducer – 249
Station-Keeping Requirements for Astro- Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing,
nomical Imaging with Constellations of Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog- PHYSIOLOGY
Free-Flying Collectors – 56 nitive Performance During Sleep Depri- Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are
vation – 257 Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in
PHOTOTRANSISTORS Exercise Following Simulated Parachut- the Operational Environment – 264
Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Re- ing from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Re- Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on
gion – 130 duced and is the Probability of Post De- Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field
scent Decompression Sickness In- Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS creased? – 275 Training Operation – 268
Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per- Heart Rate Variability as an Index of
Semiconductors – 178 ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and
Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Pilots – 267 Dehydrated Rats – 87
Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant
Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Wearing New Biological and Chemical Combination for Maintaining Alertness
Test System at the Outdoor Test Facil- Protective Combat Uniforms in and Performance in a Context of Con-
ity – 184 MOPP 1 – 275 tinuous Operations) – 269
Combinatorial Exploration of Novel The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of
Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi- Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Overweight and Obesity in African Ameri-
als – 179 Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 cans and Caucasians – 230
Development of Damp-Heat Resistant PHYSICAL FACTORS Selected Environmental Factors of
Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsu- The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve- Czech Contingent Soldiers during their
lant Formulations at NREL – 175 hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Deployment in Afghanistan and Health
Human Systems Integration Lessons Status Markers after their Homecom-
Exploratory Reliability and Performance Learned – 279 ing – 271
R and D – 183
PHYSICAL FITNESS PICOSECOND PULSES
Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer
Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per- Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Sig-
Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial
ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter nal Processing – 126
Pilots – 267
Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si PIEZOELECTRIC CERAMICS
Operator Functional State Assessment Model Development for Piezoceramic
Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem- (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle
plate Layers – 177 Nanopositioners – 107
de i’operateur humain) – 256
PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic Sys- Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua-
Optimizing Operational Physical Fit- tors – 106
tem and Component Certification, Test ness – 271
Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photo- PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCERS
voltaic Energy Systems International PHYSICAL WORK
Standards – 181 Model Development and Inverse Com-
Realization of the Solar Power Satellite Wearing New Biological and Chemical
using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec- Protective Combat Uniforms in
tor – 51 MOPP 1 – 276 PIEZOELECTRICITY
PHYSICS Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sen-
Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180
sors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue
Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Pa- Resistance of Composite Laminates Un-
rameters – 402
ations for Photovoltaic Encapsu- der Mode I Loading – 79
lants – 182 Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detec-
Model Development for Piezoceramic
tors – 401
Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for Nanopositioners – 106
PV Packaging – 184 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua-
Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory tors – 106
Analysis PV Research – 179 Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21
PILOT PLANTS
Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on
PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERSION Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste-
Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field
Impurity-Band Model for GaP1- water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive
Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
xNx – 181 Principal Component Analysis – 376
Training Operation – 268
Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S. PILOT TRAINING
PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics Final Environmental Assessment for the
Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil- from April 1, 2003, through March 31, Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air
ity – 182 2004 – 253 Force Base, New Mexico – 14
A-77
PILOTLESS AIRCRAFT The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Comparison of Numerical and Experi-
An Investigation Into Robust Wind Cor- gram. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of
rection Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Un- Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measure- the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre-
manned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 16 ment of Shipboard Piping Using a Por- print) – 311
table Coordinate Measuring Machine Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere
Characterization of UAV Performance (PCMM) – 163
and Development of a Formation Flight Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- tions – 460
Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17
gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy
Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406
PISTON ENGINES
Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17
Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simula-
Making Robot Planes Useful for Scien- Detonation Engine – 114 tions Using a Particle-in-Cell
tific Investigation of Earth – 13 Method – 417
PITCH (INCLINATION)
The Challenges of Information Manage- An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Defor- Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer
ment in the Networked Battlespace: Un- mations for a Homogeneous Beam at Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial
manned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and Varying Tip Loads and Pitch Barrier/Backsheet Failure – 176
the Warfighter – 431 Angles – 14
The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve- PITTING Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407
hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honey-
Science and Technology Review:
Human Systems Integration Lessons comb Conical Seal Panel – 60 Spheromak Plasma Heats Up – 398
Learned – 278
PIXELS
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime PLASMASPHERE
Eye Detection in Intensity Images for
Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 Official Identity Documents – 152 Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere
Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa-
PILOTS PLAGIOCLASE tions – 460
Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload New Shock Indicator; Implications for the PLASMIDS
Analysis – 6 Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Chondrites – 191 cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced PLASTIC PROPERTIES
Final Environmental Assessment for the Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Brec- The Role of the Neurofibromin-
Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air cia – 456 Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu-
Force Base, New Mexico – 14 PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 235
Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per- Global Reference Atmospheric Models,
ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve- PLUMES
Pilots – 267 nus and Earth – 452 A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric
PLANETARY GEOLOGY Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63
Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex-
Flights: A Human Factors Ap- Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitabil- pansion Model with Experimental Data
proach – 10 ity of Ancient Mars – 458 (Preprint) – 42
PLANETARY SURFACES From Sequential Extraction to Transport
PIPELINES Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten- Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation
Pipeline Optimization Program tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic
(PLOP) – 377 Contaminants – 64
PLANETS
GNC System for the Deployment and Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD-
PIPES (TUBES) 600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42
Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying
A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Interferometer – 443
Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National PLUTONIUM OXIDES
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 PLANNING Macroscopic Cracking Determination in
Temporal Planning with Preferences and LaBS Glass – 97
Balanced Orifice Plate – 104
Probabilities – 382 POISSON DENSITY FUNCTIONS
Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of
Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small PLASMA FOCUS Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body
Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Opera- An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Re- Systems – 364
tions Task 3.84.4 – 72 flection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly-
Propulsion Device – 414 Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro-
Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment
PLASMA FREQUENCIES cess – 362
National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen- POISSON EQUATION
eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations
Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of
Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the
BBELF Turbulence – 417 Infinite Domain – 355
2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87
PLASMAS (PHYSICS) On the Poisson Equation for Countable
A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions
Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63 and Parameter Dependence by Probabi-
listic Methods – 346
Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non- An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Re-
Halogenated Polyphosphazene flection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc-
Foam – 68 Propulsion Device – 414 tion – 360
A-78
POLAR REGIONS POLLUTION MONITORING PORTABLE EQUIPMENT
The Polar Sea Ice Cover from Development of All-Solid-State Sensors The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Aqua/AMSR-E – 170 for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- gram. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium
monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp- Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measure-
POLARIMETERS tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex- ment of Shipboard Piping Using a Por-
Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Pola- haust Streams – 419 table Coordinate Measuring Machine
rimeter Target Scans – 407 (PCMM) – 163
POLYCRYSTALS
POLARIMETRY Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degra- PORTUGAL
Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from dation Studies – 178 Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field,
WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 196 Azores, Portugal – 144
Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction
POLARITY Solar Cells – 179 POSITION (LOCATION)
Polar Phase Screens: A Comparison with An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for
Other Methods of Random Phase POLYIMIDES the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery
Screen Generation – 346 Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- Problem with Time Windows with a The-
ides and Copolyimides – 75 ater Distribution Application – 378
POLARIZATION
POLYMERS An Algorithm for the Accurate Localiza-
Polarization-mode Dispersion and its
tion of Sounds – 137
Mitigation – 127 New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sen-
sitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 Computer-Assisted Methodology for the
POLICIES Determination of the Optimal Number
A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- and Location of Tool Sheds (The National
Configuration Management Policy Pro- tonics for Space Applications – 34 Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379
gramming – 312 Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory
An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 Cues About Threat Location on Target
Control Policies and the Dynamic Acquisition and Attention to Visual and
POLYMORPHISM
Service-Time Performance of a Auditory Communications – 117
Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Man- Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on
the Incidence and Severity of Pros- Global En Route Basing Infrastructure
tate – 208 Location Model – 21
Defense Technologies: DOD’s Critical
Polymorphous Computing Architecture Localization Performance of Real and
Technologies Lists Rarely Inform Export
Control and other Policy Deci- (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements Virtual Sound Sources – 21
sions – 431 on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Multiple-Event Location Using the
Government Activities to Protect the Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Tech-
POLYNOMIALS
Electric Grid – 181 nique – 290
Effective Bezout Identities in
Public Safety Communications: Policy, Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349 Robot Localization Using Visual Image
Proposals, Legislation and Mapping – 331
Guardian Maps and the Generalized Sta-
Progress – 119 bility of Parametrized Families of Matri- The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound
Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat ces and Polynomials – 392 Localisation – 409
Drivers – 70 POSITION SENSING
POLYURETHANE FOAM
Steering Policies for Markov Decision Characterizing the Impact of Precision
Processes Under a Recurrence Condi- Time and Range Measurements from
mal Protection System (TPS) Materials
tion – 367 Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Net-
for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle
work Differential GPS Position Solu-
U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in Columbia Accident Investigation – 45
tions – 125
Implementing Aerospace Commission
Recommendations, and Remaining POLYURETHANE RESINS POSITIONING
Challenges – 425 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- An Overview of CNES Strategy and Ac-
gram. Development of Non-Polluting, tivities on Formation Flying – 57
Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should
Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys-
Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech- Development and Testing of a High-
tems For Ships – 73
nical Data Needs to Support Weapon Speed Real-Time Kinematic Precise
Systems – 17 POPULATIONS DGPS Positioning System Between Two
POLLUTION CONTROL A Finite Difference Approximation for a Aircraft – 154
Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxi- Coupled System of Nonlinear Size- GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Posi-
dation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. An- Structured Populations – 353 tion in Space – 46
nual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, Home Computers and Internet Use in the POSITRONS
2005 – 188 USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Cur- Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for
International Symposium on Site Charac- rent Population Reports – 120 the Polarized Positron Production Ex-
terization for CO(sub 2) Geological Stor- Motivational Interventions to Reduce Al- periment – 156
age – 187 cohol Use in a Military Population – 244 Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays
RACT/BACT/LAER Clearinghouse Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407
(RBLC), Clean Air Technology Center, POROSITY
Annual Report for 2005 – 185 Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling POTABLE WATER
of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
Porous Media – 169 vidual Water Purification Devices – 231
gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality
Pollution Prevention and Control Tech- Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Electrochemically Generated Oxidant
nology Used in Shipyards and Similar Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Disinfection in the Use of Individual Wa-
Industries – 435 Porous Media – 142 ter Purification Devices – 89
A-79
Filtration in the Use of Individual Water PREDICTIONS Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a
Purification Devices – 88 A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Passive Heat and Moisture Ex-
Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- Unknown Number of Targets Based on changer – 258
vidual Water Purification Devices – 89 Sensor Performance – 372 Prevention of Low Back Com-
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild plaints – 277
Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol
Acid Administered in Drinking Water in of Outcome – 248 Hexaphosphate – 230
Rats and Mice – 203 Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inha- Strategies to Maintain Combat Readi-
Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of lation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biom- ness during Extended Deployments: A
Individual Water Purification De- arkers and Time Course of Lung Inflam- Human Systems Approach – 261
vices – 402 mation – 226
PRIMATES
Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef-
POTENTIAL ENERGY A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu-
fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves-
Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu- sels – 77 tations and Circuits in the Feedforward
vers – 31 Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate
Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula- Visual Cortex – 252
Fission Surface Power for the Explora- tion Model – 314
tion and Colonization of Mars – 174 The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant
PREMIXED FLAMES Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri-
POWDER (PARTICLES) Dynamics and Suppression Effective- mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203
On a Powder Consolidation Prob- ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in
lem – 69 Non-Premixed Counterflow PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSIS
Flames – 88 Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste-
POWER CONVERTERS
water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive
100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Principal Component Analysis – 376
Power Converter Prototype Develop- Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Pre-
ment Project – 141 mixed Flames – 353 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
1 – 130
Electrical Drive Inductive Cou- Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed
pling – 130 Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTIONS
Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial
POWER EFFICIENCY
Highly Efficient Optical Communication Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame Prediction – 365
Technologies – 126 Behind a Step – 90 Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densi-
PRESSURE EFFECTS ties – 365
POWER TRANSMISSION
Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef- Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation
New Perspectives for Power Transmis-
fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves- for Small Satellites – 3
sion in the European Liberalized Electric-
sels – 77
ity Market and Possible Role of Four- Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation
Phase Systems – 132 PRESSURE REDUCTION Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Aver-
Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With aging – 198
PRECAMBRIAN PERIOD
40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256
Fossil Microorganisms in Ar- The Continuous Ranked Probability
chaean – 169 PRESSURE REGULATORS Score for Circular Variables and its Appli-
Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble
PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY) on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor- Verification – 358
NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141
Ground Validation Segment – 200 PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FUNC-
PRESSURE SENSORS TIONS
Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Self-Calibrating Pressure Trans- A Continuous-Time Distributed Version
Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Aver- ducer – 160 of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing
aging – 198 Problem – 341
PRESSURE VESSELS
PRECISION Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef- Discrete Representation of Signals from
Characterizing the Impact of Precision fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves- Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with
Time and Range Measurements from sels – 77 Application to Noise Suppression and
Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Net- Compression – 342
PRESSURE
work Differential GPS Position Solu-
Continued Investigation of Leakage and New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear
tions – 125
Power Loss Test Results for Competing Filtering – 343
Evaluating the Quality of Query Refine- Turbine Engine Seals – 162 Predicates and Predicate Transformers
ment Suggestions in Information Re-
PREVENTION for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event
trieval – 437
Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Dynamical Systems – 382
Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block
Precision Measurement and Detec- Role in the Prevention and Therapy of and Sequential Detection in Uncertain
tion – 150 Prostate Cancer – 206 Environments – 361
PREDICTION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES Assessment of Shore Protection Project Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to
Near Real-Time Event Detection & Pre- Performance Following the 2004 Hurri- Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Ana-
diction Using Intelligent Software cane Season – 196 lytical Solutions and Approxima-
Agents – 43 tions – 343
Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate
Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula- Cancer Prevention and Control Coali- PROBABILITY THEORY
tion Model – 314 tion – 215
Combining Spatial Statistical and En-
Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, Prediction and Prevention of Frost- semble Information in Probabilistic
and Estimation – 393 bite – 242 Weather Forecasts – 198
A-80
Computer Exxtimated Probability of De- NASA: Sound Management and Over- PROPELLANTS
tection: Can You Hide from a Com- sight Key to Addressing Crew Explora- Electromagnetic Formation Flight
puter? – 332 tion Vehicle Project Risks – 423 (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62
Conservative Analytical Collision Prob- NASA Technologies for Product Identifi- Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for
abilities for Orbital Formation Fly- cation – 44 Functionally Graded Propellants – 111
ing – 56 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For-
Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabili- Group Technology/Flow Applications Re- mation Flying – 62
ties of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364 search (The National Shipbuilding Re- The Determination of Remaining Satellite
Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA search Program) – 260 Propellant Using Measured Moments of
Communications – 336 PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT Inertia – 366
O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- PROPELLERS
Probabilities in DSMC – 357 ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec-
gram) – 374
On the Poisson Equation for Countable tion and Force/Moment Genera-
Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions PRODUCTIVITY tion – 32
and Parameter Dependence by Probabi- Automatic Submerged ARC Welding Friction Stir Processing and Fusion
listic Methods – 346 With Metal Power Additions to Increase Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller
Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 Bronze – 95
Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Siz-
ing – 279 Implementation of Advanced Technology The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Work- gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium
Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and shop Report – 379
Sharpness – 368 Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With
Sensor Management for Fighter Applica- gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac-
tions – 15 Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea- ing – 102
Temporal Planning with Preferences and suring Systems for Increased Accuracy
PROPORTIONAL CONTROL
Probabilities – 381 and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re-
pair – 311 Xenon Feed System Progress – 93
The Continuous Ranked Probability PROPULSION SYSTEM CONFIGURA-
Score for Circular Variables and its Appli- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. Reduced Volume of Spent Abra- TIONS
cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre-
Verification – 358 sive in Open Air Blasting – 67
Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion
Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst PROGRAM VERIFICATION (COMPUT- System for Microsatellites – 415
ERS)
Switching/Optical Access Net- Electromagnetic Formation Flight
work – 281 Automated Discovery of Mimicry At-
tacks – 380 (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62
PROBLEM SOLVING PROGRAMMERS Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For-
A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob- Building SASO Wargaming Simulations mation Flying – 62
lem – 351 Without Programmers – 309 PROPULSION SYSTEM PERFORMANCE
On the Convergence of the Tapia Indica- PROGRAMMING ENVIRONMENTS A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre-
tors in the Absence of Strict Complemen- The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion
tarity – 350 Parallel Computing – 286 System for Microsatellites – 415
PROCEDURES PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For-

Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architec- mation Flying – 62
Spiral System Implementation Methodol-
ogy: Application of the Knowledge Web tures and Motion Control – 300 PROPULSION
and Network-Centric Best Prac- Pipeline Optimization Program An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Re-
tices – 384 (PLOP) – 377 flection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF)
PROCUREMENT PROGRESS
A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying Progress in the Development of a Mul- Characterization and Analyses of Valves,
Paints and Coatings – 66 tiphase Turbulent Model of the Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant
Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am- Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112
CBO Testimony: Aging Military Equip- munition Primer – 147
ment – 399 Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response
PROJECT MANAGEMENT Research and Development (R&R) Sup-
Results From Use of an Integrated Critical Technology Events in the Devel- port: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot
Schedule for Drawing Development and Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare
Equipment Procurement (The National Earth Magnets – 102
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 ited – 441 Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module
Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) for Rocket Engine and Propulsion Sys-
and Final Design Review (FDR) Crite- and Final Design Review (FDR) Crite- tem Simulations – 145
ria – 297 ria – 297 PROPYLENE
The Information Flow Requirements of Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of
PROJECTILES
the Design and Procurement Processes Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-
of Shipbuilding Programs – 306 Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri- Styrene Triblock Copolymers – 108
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 27 PROSTATE GLAND
Multidisciplinary Environments: A History Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid Activation and Protection of Dendritic
of Engineering Framework Develop- Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environ-
ment – 317 Porous Media – 142 ment – 227
A-81
Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Pros- XIAP as a Molecular Target for Thera-
Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: tate Cancer Radioresistance – 215 peutic Intervention in Prostate Can-
Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based cer – 209
Prostate Cancer – 205 Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Func-
An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246 tion in Prostate Cells – 211
Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabo- PROTECTION
Agents – 237 lism and Progression From High-Grade Activation and Protection of Dendritic
Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Func- Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HG- Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environ-
tions of Prostate Specific Membrane An- PIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216 ment – 227
tigen – 206 Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt Assessment of Shore Protection Project
ATM Heterozygosity and the Develop- Pathway to Prevent the Development Performance Following the 2004 Hurri-
ment of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dys- Hormone Resistant Prostate Can- cane Season – 196
function and Urinary Morbidity Following cer – 210
Double protection passive pour les equi-
Radiotherapy for Prostate Can- MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ :
cer – 238 for Radiotherapy of Prostate Can- Concept et etude experimentale (Design
Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate cer – 207 and Experimental Study of the Passive
Cancer Prevention and Control Coali- Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization Double Hearing Protection for the Crew
tion – 215 of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode- of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411
Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245 Filtration in the Use of Individual Water
Resveratrol – 239 Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres- Purification Devices – 88
Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can- Government Activities to Protect the
Black Men to Screening for Prostate cer – 227 Electric Grid – 181
Cancer – 233 Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate Investigating Double Hearing Protection
Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Pros- using Human Subjects – 411
Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylg- tate Cancer – 213
PROTECTIVE CLOTHING
lycerol in Prostate Cancer – 212 Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jew-
Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surro-
ish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227
Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1 gate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical
Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 247 Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate Protective Uniforms – 115
Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245
Development of Novel Bifunctional Com- Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing,
pounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog-
Cancer Cells – 232 Hexaphosphate – 230 nitive Performance During Sleep Depri-
PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chi- vation – 257
Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on
the Incidence and Severity of Pros- meric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of
tate – 208 Gene Therapy – 246 Wearing New Biological and Chemical
Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting Protective Combat Uniforms in
Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral MOPP 1 – 275
Structures for Treatment of Urinary In- Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vas-
continence After Prostate Cancer cular Endothelium – 249 PROTECTIVE COATINGS
Spray – 209 Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Ver-
in Prostate Cancer – 251 sus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks-
Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid
Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A Regulation of p53 Activity by Reversible- Five Year Report – 71
Randomized Controlled Trial – 249 Acetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppres- Development of Standard Procedures for
sion – 206 Shipboard Print Inspection – 71
Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating
Hormone Refractory Prostate Can- Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent Marine Coatings Performance for Differ-
cer – 211 for the Treatment of Prostate Can- ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73
cer – 205
Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Can- National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
cer – 248 Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and gram. Performance Testing of Marine
Mortality in Black and White Men in the Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Pro-
GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 cedures – 68
Chemoprevention of Prostate-
Cancer – 238 Suppression of Prostate Cancer by Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for
PTEN and p18INK4c – 218 Underwater Service (The National Ship-
High Throughput Screen to Identify building Research Program) – 71
Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer The Clinical Development of Thalildo-
Metastasis – 236 mide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coat-
Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 ing Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66
Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes
that Regulate Radiation Responses in The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207 gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Therapy Selection by Gene Profil- Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of
Identify the Impact of TGF-Beta Signal- CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship-
ing on the Stroma in the Progression of ing – 237
yards – 72
Prostate Cancer – 234 Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207
PROTECTORS
Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects
Radiosensitization of Prostate Can- on Prostate Cancer – 250
(JSGPM) Human Systems Integration
cer – 215
Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision
Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine In- for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can- Correction Insert Stability Evalua-
ducer – 249 cer – 246 tion – 261
A-82
PROTEINS PROTONS The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain
Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) Physical and Cognitive Function during
Resveratrol – 239 and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Continuous Operations – 274
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Interaction in Astronomical Environ- Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro- ment – 449 and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
teins – 254 Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe-
bit – 35 load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki-
agement Tools – 267
nase A – 204 PROTOTYPES
100kW Energy Transfer Multiplexer PUBLIC HEALTH
Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of
Power Converter Prototype Develop- An Overview of the U.S. Public Health
ment Project – 141 System in the Context of Emergency
Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass
Preparedness – 218
Spectrometry – 235 Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super-
Dynamics of Post-Translational Modifica- Network – 117 Report of Visit to the Public Health Col-
tions on Human Histone H4 Through the lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb-
Cell Cycle – 239 ruary 22-25, 1961 – 219
Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Func- PULMONARY FUNCTIONS
NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con-
tionally Active Form – 233 cepts Directorate Technology Call-Center Based Disease Management
Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235
Identification of Potential Therapeutic
Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast Research and Development of 160 PULSE COMMUNICATION
Cancer – 213 Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Proto- Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force
type and Related Technologies – 116 Mission – 430
Protein Transduction Based Therapies
for Breast Cancer – 238 RLV Flight Operations Demonstration Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency
with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle Multiplier – 165
Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of (PREPRINT) – 63 PULSE DETONATION ENGINES
Cells, Tissues, and Medical De- Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR) Data Analysis and Compression Tech-
vices – 254 and Final Design Review (FDR) Crite- niques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experi-
ria – 297 ments – 29
Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in
Recombination – 242 PROTOZOA Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed
Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- Detonation Engine – 113
Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of
Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model vidual Water Purification Devices – 231 Experimental Study of Deflagration-to-
Compounds in Structure Control – 84 PROVING Detonation Enhancement Techniques in
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En-
The Role of the Neurofibromin-
DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 gine – 27
Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu-
lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234 the World – 127 in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28
Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibil- Integration of a Pulsed Detonation En-
Shape Representation in V4: Investigat-
ity of PTD-Mediated Translocation of gine With an Ejector Pump and With a
ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound-
Proteins Across Artificial Mem- Turbo-Charger as Methods to Self-
ary Confirmation with the Standard
branes – 240 Aspirate – 28
Model of Object Recognition – 252
Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecu- The Continuous Ranked Probability Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation En-
lar Target in Breast Cancer – 229 Score for Circular Variables and its Appli- gine With a Turbine – 28
PROTEOME cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch-
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- Verification – 358 ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29
sion System for Proteomic Analy- PSYCHOACOUSTICS Propagation of Detonation Waves in
sis – 241 Comment ameliorer la selection et le Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust
Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched traitement des messages verbaux? (How Tube – 27
Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium to Improve the Selection and Processing PULSE DURATION
Merozoites – 223 of Verbal Messages) – 121 Developing a Methodology for Elaborat-
PROTOCOL (COMPUTERS) PSYCHOLOGY ing a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High
A Study for Technology of Controlling The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Power Laser Diodes – 157
Next-Generation Backbone Net- Scale – 258 System of Nanosecond 280-kevV-
work – 125 U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and He(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418
Experiences with a Survey Tool for Dis- Readiness – 273 PULSE MODULATION
covering Network Time Protocol Serv- Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with
ers – 323 to Service Failure – 288 Outliers and Missing Observa-
How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP tions – 359
PSYCHOMETRICS
Networks – 328 PULSED LASERS
Improving Military Recruit Quality
Mitigating TCP Degradation over Inter- Through Smart Classification Technol- Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Sig-
mittent Link Failures using Intermediate ogy – 305 nal Processing – 126
Buffers – 120
PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE PULSEJET ENGINES
PROTON BEAMS Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Data Analysis and Compression Tech-
Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Pola- Performance in the Operational Environ- niques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experi-
rimeter Target Scans – 407 ment – 272 ments – 29
A-83
Experimental Study of Deflagration-to- Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal QUEUEING THEORY
Detonation Enhancement Techniques in Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Analysis and Adaptive Control of a
a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En- Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition Discrete-Time Single-Server Network
gine – 27 in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes with Random Routing – 327
Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for
Interchange Arguments in Stochastic
in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108
Scheduling – 380
Initiation of Detonation in a Large Quality Education and ‘Quality Pa-
Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering
Tube – 27 pers’ – 166
and Associated Random Vari-
Integration of a Pulsed Detonation En- Task Technical and Quality Assurance ables – 362
gine With an Ejector Pump and With a Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analy-
Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian
Turbo-Charger as Methods to Self- sis – 76
Causal Structures Discovery – 436
Aspirate – 28 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to
Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation En- Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Ana-
gine With a Turbine – 28 Pollution Prevention and Control Tech-
nology Used in Shipyards and Similar lytical Solutions and Approxima-
Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch- Industries – 435 tions – 343
ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 RACE FACTORS
QUALITY
Propagation of Detonation Waves in Combining Evidence from Homologous The Federal Workforce Additional In-
Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Datasets – 437 sights Could Enhance Agency Efforts
Tube – 27 Related to Hispanic Representa-
Evaluating the Quality of Query Refine- tion – 423
PURIFICATION ment Suggestions in Information Re-
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of trieval – 437 RACES (ANTHROPOLOGY)
Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro- Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of
teins – 254 Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engi-
Overweight and Obesity in African Ameri-
neers? – 284
Electrochemically Generated Oxidant cans and Caucasians – 231
Disinfection in the Use of Individual Wa- QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
RADAR CROSS SECTIONS
ter Purification Devices – 89 An Analysis of Weight Change in Fil-
ters – 166 Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measure-
Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- ments of a Dismount With Rocket-
vidual Water Purification Devices – 89 QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at
Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g Ka-Band – 149
PYROXENES
K+K+K- – 420
Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Al- RADAR DATA
rich Chondrule from the Semarkona Me- Inclusive Measurements of Vub from Ba- Storage Radar – 151
teorite – 456 Bar – 421
RADAR EQUIPMENT
Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties Practical Twistor Spinoffs: On Shell Tree
Analytical Determination of Airborne Ra-
of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, and Loop Recursion Relations – 398
dar Response to Extraneous In-
Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Com- QUANTUM DOTS puts – 155
A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular F-22A Raptor – 22
Size – 190
Devices – 134
Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post- RADAR IMAGERY
Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple
Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 A Comparison of Change Detection Sta-
Exciton Generation – 178
Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos- tistics in POLSAR Images – 315
Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen
sible Formation of the IVA Magma by RADAR MEASUREMENT
Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL- of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic
Breast Cancer – 205 Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measure-
Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal- ments of a Dismount With Rocket-
lization and Cooling – 453 QUANTUM THEORY Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at
QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral At- Ka-Band – 149
A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Con- oms – 413
RADAR TARGETS
strained Optimization – 360 QUANTUM WELL LASERS
Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimi-
Generalized Conjugate Direc- Performance Comparison of Optically nation of Radar Targets – 337
tions – 374 Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared La-
sers – 159 Robust Adaptive Signal Processing
On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut-
Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods QUANTUM WELLS ter Scenarios – 85
for Constrained Optimization – 351 Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili-
ties Within the Positive-Differential- Storage Radar – 150
Structural Optimization in a Distributed
Computing Environment – 382 Resistance Regions of Tunneling De- RADAR TRACKING
vices – 132 Optimal Geometric Deployment of a
QUADRATURE PHASE SHIFT KEYING
Advanced Optical Modulators for Next- QUARKS Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation
generation Photonic Networks – 126 Inclusive Measurements of Vub from Ba- System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12
Bar – 421 RADARSAT
QUADRATURES
Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Quarkonium Spectroscopy at Ba- Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites
Least-Squares – 395 bar – 421 Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster
Mission – 117
QUALITY CONTROL QUERY LANGUAGES
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex RADAR
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere
gram) – 374 Bitmap Indices – 440 with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152
A-84
Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabili- RADIO ANTENNAS RADIOACTIVE WASTES
ties of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364 Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strate- Analytical Results of DWPF Glass
Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clut- gies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 Sample Taken During Filling of Canister
ter Statistics – 363 S01913: Summary Report – 105
RADIO COMMUNICATION
Storage Radar – 150 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge
1 – 130 Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental
Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti-
Results – 105
mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Impact of Threshold Degradation on
Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past
RADIAL VELOCITY
Links – 119 Production of Nuclear Weapons: Back-
Comparison of Numerical and Experi- ground and Issues for Congress – 186
mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of RADIO EMISSION
the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre- Rehological Characterization of Unusal
Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos
print) – 312 DWPF Slurry Samples – 64
via Coherent Radio Emission – 420
RADIATION DAMAGE X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Task Technical and Quality Assurance
Fission Surface Power for the Explora- Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analy-
tion and Colonization of Mars – 175 X-ray Activity – 449 sis – 76
RADIATION EFFECTS Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of
RADIO FREQUENCIES
A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular Waste Forms Developed for Electromet-
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for allurgically Treated Spent Sodium-
Devices – 134
DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 Bounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the
Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation Yucca Mountain Repository – 109
Addressing the Requirements for RF
in Prostate Cancer – 251
Photonics – 355 Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface
RADIATION HAZARDS
An Overview of CNES Strategy and Ac- Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Com-
Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif- plex Radioactive High Level Radioactive
tivities on Formation Flying – 57
ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard Waste – 97
from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 Department of Defense Net-Centric
Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 RADIOGRAPHY
RADIATION THERAPY
ATM Heterozygosity and the Develop- Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavi- B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Ra-
ment of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dys- ties – 401 diology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual
function and Urinary Morbidity Following Search Efficiency – 213
Impact of Threshold Degradation on
Radiotherapy for Prostate Can- Availability of Digital Fixed Radio Digital Radiography – 407
cer – 238 Links – 119
Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Pros- RADIOLOGY
Magnetic Field Response Sensor For
tate Cancer Radioresistance – 215 Conductive Media – 139 B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Ra-
diology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual
MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning
RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple- Search Efficiency – 213
for Radiotherapy of Prostate Can-
mentation – 286
cer – 207 Summary: Annual Site Environmental
Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE Report Radiological Doses and Re-
Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vas- Impact of Threshold Degradation on leases, 1998-2001 – 185
cular Endothelium – 249 Availability of Digital Fixed Radio
Links – 119 RADIOMETERS
RADIATION TOLERANCE A New Approach for Radiometric Cross
Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for RADIO NAVIGATION Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom-
Radiosensitization of Prostate Can- Human Factors Considerations for Area eters – 112
cer – 215 Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce-
Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from
Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- dures – 11
WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195
tonics for Space Applications – 34 RADIO RECEIVERS The Polar Sea Ice Cover from
Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier- Aqua/AMSR-E – 170
Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vas- Phase Time Transfer – 135
cular Endothelium – 249 RADIOTELEPHONES
Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code
RADIATION TRANSPORT Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ul-
Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif- for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 trasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and
ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard Emergency Therapeutics – 247
from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 RADIO TRANSMISSION
A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier- RADOMES
RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION Phase Time Transfer – 135 Frequency Selective Materials for Con-
New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re- trol of Radiated Emissions and Interfer-
Military Speech Communications over
combination at Light-Induced Boron- ence Suppression, Phase 2 – 149
Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 Vocoders in Tandem – 331
Radio Transmission Between Two Sub- RADON
RADIATIVE TRANSFER merged Submarines – 119
A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Range of the k-Dimensional Radon
Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom- Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Transform in Real Hyperbolic
eters – 112 Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed Spaces – 393
for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135
RADII RAIL TRANSPORTATION
Global Radius of Curvature Estimation RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS Encapsulation Application Research of
and Control System for Segmented Mir- Type B Package Radioactive Material ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi-
rors – 166 Content Compliance – 76 ronment – 171
A-85
RAMAN SPECTRA The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Data-
The Inherent Visible Light Signature of use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: base Server for High-Assurance Time-
an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light Quality and Performance Param- Critical Applications – 438
Source Due to Combined Raman and eters – 82
Formation Algorithms and Simulation
Fluorescence Effects – 415 RAYLEIGH SCATTERING Testbed – 444
RANDOM NOISE Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric
in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Sys- Propulsion – 61
On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimina-
tem – 144
tion – 361
Managing Contention and Timing Con-
REACTION KINETICS
RANDOM VARIABLES straints in a Real-Time Database Sys-
Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of tem – 426
Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering Individuals by using Conventional and
and Associated Random Vari- Unconventional Methods Based on Ob- Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Da-
ables – 362 servation of CIVD Reactivity – 258 tabase Systems in the Framework of
Discrete Event Systems – 373
RANGEFINDING COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical
Characterizing the Impact of Precision Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92 MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of
Time and Range Measurements from Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants Efficient Native Supercomputing for Mi-
Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Net- of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate crosoft Windows Architecture – 288
work Differential GPS Position Solu- Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems Near Real-Time Event Detection & Pre-
tions – 125 from Molecular Structure by diction Using Intelligent Software
Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using SPARC – 282 Agents – 43
the Autonomous Formation Flying Sen- Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) Optimal Scheduling with Strict Dead-
sor – 56 with Small Molecules – 92 lines – 380
Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3- Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP
Formation Flying Missions – 48 Butadiene Decomposition – 90 Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflec-
Vision Based Localization in Urban Envi- The Exploration Water Recovery Sys- tance – 135
ronments – 155 tem – 442
Real-Time Process Monitoring by
RANKING The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy
use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase
Learning User Preferences for Sets of
Quality and Performance Param- Epitaxy – 419
Objects – 291
eters – 82
Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129
RARE EARTH ALLOYS REACTION TIME
VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition
Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response Visual Perception, Flight Performance, Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313
Research and Development (R&R) Sup- and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
port: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous RECEIVERS
Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
Earth Magnets – 102 A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-
load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
Phase Time Transfer – 135
agement Tools – 267
RAREFIED GASES Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- REACTIVITY
Enhanced Signal Processing – 301
nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of
Individuals by using Conventional and Confidence Bands for ROC
RATINGS Unconventional Methods Based on Ob- Curves – 330
Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si servation of CIVD Reactivity – 258
PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro-
Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil- With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336 cess – 362
ity – 182
REAL TIME OPERATION Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost
Small PV Systems Performance Evalua- A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag- Commercial GPS Receiver Through
tion at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Us- ing System – 287 Software Approach (Preprint) – 306
ing the PVUSA Power Rating
Method – 175 Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Test of Models RAA and RAB Receiving
Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Equipments – 123
RATS Radar Signals in the Presence of
Noise – 152 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code
Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed
Soluble Extracts Protect Against Control System Design for a Flexible for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures Arm – 298
From Rat Forebrain – 223 RECOGNITION
Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha- Neural Network Based Flight Control Exploration of the Area of Multinational
nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo- System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An
sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Update of HFM-120/RTG Activi-
Pigs – 65 Development and Testing of a High- ties – 262
Speed Real-Time Kinematic Precise
Heart Rate Variability as an Index of DGPS Positioning System Between Two RECONFIGURABLE HARDWARE
Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Aircraft – 154 Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology
Development of Methods for the Real- Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Time and Rapid Identification and Detec-
Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic tion of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluo- RECONNAISSANCE
Acid Administered in Drinking Water in rescence Spectroscopy of the Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera-
Rats and Mice – 203 Eye – 251 tions – 260
A-86
RECYCLING Air Force Aerial Refueling – 10 REMOTE SENSORS
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- REGENERATIVE COOLING Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satel-
gram. Combined Abrasive Recycling and lite Formations for the Purpose of Space-
Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for
Containment - Final Report With Sum- Based Remote Sensing – 41
Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 63
mary and Conclusions – 68
REGRESSION ANALYSIS REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLES
REDUNDANCY Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocop-
A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in Developing Scheduling Standards Using
Regression Analysis: An Application ter Garmisch 2005’ – 24
Information Extraction – 381
Guide – 377 UAVs and Control Delays – 18
Regularization Through Feature Knock
Out – 338 Methodological Issues when Assessing RENDEZVOUS SPACECRAFT
Dismounted Soldier Mobility Perfor-
REENTRY VEHICLES PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD
mance – 264
Development and Validation of Reentry
REGULATIONS
Simulation Using MATLAB – 390 RENEWABLE ENERGY
The Interagency Security Committee and
REFERENCE ATMOSPHERES Security Standards for Federal Build- Development of Damp-Heat Resistant
Global Reference Atmospheric Models, ings – 167 Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsu-
Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve- lant Formulations at NREL – 175
nus and Earth – 452 REGULATORS
Exploratory Reliability and Performance
Series Connected Buck-Boost Regula-
REFINING R and D – 183
tor – 139
Applications of Layered Double Hydrox- Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface
ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil RELATIVITY
Analysis PV Research – 179
Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Entropy, Perception, and Relativ-
Final Report – 87 ity – 427 Small PV Systems Performance Evalua-
tion at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Us-
REFLECTANCE RELIABILITY ANALYSIS ing the PVUSA Power Rating
Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- Method – 175
Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflec- sign Tools – 47
Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough
tance – 136 Improving Reliability of High Power Project – 177
Real-Time Process Monitoring by Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating
P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy in Long Pulse Mode – 156 REPLACING
and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Performance Analysis of a Wing With General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re-
Epitaxy – 419 Multiple Winglets – 3 placement for the 6M Specification Pack-
age – 76
Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimi- RELIABILITY
zation – 192 REPORTS
Computing Trust from Revision His-
REFLECTOMETERS tory – 435 NASA Scientific and Technical Informa-
Two Methods for Calibration Without A tion Standards – 433
Decision Support Methods and
Through Connection On A Three- Tools – 387 REQUIREMENTS
Sampler Vector Analyzer – 283
Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted System Quality Requirements Engineer-
REFLECTORS Associativity On the Reliability and Per- ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study
Development and Testing of a Power formance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Net- on Asset Management System – 434
Trough System Using a Structurally- works – 120 The Interagency Security Committee and
Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
Exploratory Reliability and Performance Security Standards for Federal Build-
R and D – 183 ings – 167
Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
tion – 180 RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple- RESEARCH AIRCRAFT
mentation – 286 Making Robot Planes Useful for Scien-
REFRACTIVITY
Refractive Index Determination of Bio- RELIC RADIATION tific Investigation of Earth – 13
logical Particles – 97 SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detec- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
REFRACTORIES tor – 447
A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag-
Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating REMOTE CONTROL ing System – 287
Hormone Refractory Prostate Can- Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica-
cer – 211 in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent tions – 33
REFRACTORY MATERIALS Controls – 340
Research and Development of 160
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High REMOTE SENSING Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Proto-
Temperature Magnetic Material for type and Related Technologies – 116
Automated Selection of Results in Hier-
PWR – 74
archical Segmentations of Remotely R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in
Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumenta- Sensed Hyperspectral Images – 170 the World – 127
tion Research and Development at
Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis- Science and Technology Review:
NASA Glenn Research Center – 151
sion – 52 Spheromak Plasma Heats Up – 398
REFRIGERANTS
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from The Human Volunteer in Military Bio-
Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Observations by the Cassini Infrared
Commonly Used Quantities by the Air medical Research (Military Medical Eth-
Spectrometer – 446 ics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241
Cargo Industry – 6
Verification and Validation of NASA-
REFUELING Supported Enhancements to the Near RESEARCH FACILITIES
Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Fly- Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ- Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide-
ing Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9 ing System (HABSOS) – 173 book – 444
A-87
RESEARCH Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili- RIPPLES
Results of SEI Independent Research tary Field Training in Winter and the Representation of Spectral Profiles in the
and Development Projects and Report Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira- Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of
on Emerging Technologies and Technol- tory Fitness – 262 Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple
ogy Trends – 296 Phases – 412
RESPIRATORS
RESERVOIRS Joint Service General Purpose Mask
RISK
Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration
Prediction – 77 (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of
Correction Insert Stability Evalua- Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Litera-
RESIDUAL STRESS tion – 261 ture Study – 410
FEA Software for Determination of Re-
sidual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes REUSABLE LAUNCH VEHICLES Building Psychological Resiliency and
for a Range of Gun Steels With Bausch- Application of Piecewise Linear Control Mitigating the Risks of Combat and De-
inger Effect – 104 Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle ployment Stressors Faced by Sol-
Guidance and Control – 40 diers – 278
RESIDUES
Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37
Robust Adaptive Signal Processing
Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut- Launch Vehicle Operations – 40 Economic Impact Analysis of the Per-
ter Scenarios – 86 REVENUE chloroethylene Dry Cleaning Residual
National Airspace System Moderniza- Risk Standard – 184
RESINS
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- tion: Observations on Potential Funding Exercise Following Simulated Parachut-
gram. Development of Non-Polluting, Options for FAA and the Next Generation ing from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Re-
Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys- Airspace System – 11 duced and is the Probability of Post De-
tems For Ships – 73 REYNOLDS NUMBER scent Decompression Sickness In-
creased? – 275
RESISTORS Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey-
Design of Current Impulse Genera- nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frost-
tor – 131 bite during Exposure to Cold
RHEOLOGY Winds – 197
RESONANT TUNNELING Rehological Characterization of Unusal
Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili- DWPF Slurry Samples – 65 Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Af-
ties Within the Positive-Differential- ghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S.
Resistance Regions of Tunneling De- RHEUMATIC DISEASES Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed
vices – 132 Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis Army Institute of Research Land Combat
With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel- Study – 277
RESONATORS oping in a Late Postpartum Woman:
Acoustic Seal – 412 Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduc-
Case Report – 226
tion Systems for Family Maltreatment,
High Brightness from an Unstable Reso- RHYTHM (BIOLOGY) Suicidality, and Substance Problems in
nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post- the USAF – 257
print) – 157 Support of Mission and Work Scheduling
by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT Behavior Influence Models – 432
RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS
Department of Defense Net-Centric
Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine In- NASA: Sound Management and Over-
ducer – 249 sight Key to Addressing Crew Explora-
Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for tion Vehicle Project Risks – 423
Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene
Flights: A Human Factors Ap- from Streptococcus mutans – 229 Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian
proach – 10 RICCATI EQUATION Military Personnel – 187
The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve- Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Ver-
hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Riccati Equations – 354 sion 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Work-
Human Systems Integration Lessons sheets for Systems – 320
Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and
Learned – 278
Compensators: A State-Dependent Ric- OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
RESOURCES cati Equation Approach – 355 Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduc-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- tion to OCTAVE-S – 321
RIFLES
gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship
Pollution Prevention and Control Tech- Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example
Performance: Predicting Shooting Per-
nology Used in Shipyards and Similar Scenario – 318
formance with Advanced Distributed
Industries – 436
Learning Assessments – 301
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
RESPIRATION Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Prepara-
RIGID STRUCTURES
Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inha- tion Guidance – 321
Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body
lation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biom-
Systems – 364 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
arkers and Time Course of Lung Inflam-
mation – 227 Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method
Connected by a Ball-in-Socket Guidelines – 321
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a
Joint – 405 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
ness Resembling Inhalation An- Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organiza-
thrax – 224 Gravitational Field – 34 tional Worksheets – 320
Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Forma- OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role tion Control: Stable Mode-Switching and Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical
in Gulf War Illness – 250 Cross-Coupling – 50 Asset Worksheets for Information – 320
A-88
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics ROTATING STALLS
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical (The National Shipbuilding Research Active Control of Compressor Stall incep-
Asset Worksheets for Applica- Program) – 332 tion: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Ap-
tions – 319 The Application of Intelligent Robotic proach – 148
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Systems and Lasers for Manufactur- ROTATION
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical ing – 157
Design and Implementation of Optimal
Asset Worksheets for People – 319 Vision Based Localization in Urban Envi- Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation ronments – 155 rated Space Interferometry – 443
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy ROBOTS
and Plan Worksheets – 319 Development and Testing of a Power
A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Plan- Trough System Using a Structurally-
Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Is- ning and Obstacle Avoidance With Non- Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
sues and Solutions – 33 Holonomic Robots – 389 Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass
Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano- Control System Design for a Flexible Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
tubes: Ethical Implications and Human Arm – 298 tion – 180
Risk Assessment – 201 ROTORS
Impact and Force Control of Flexible
Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs Manipulators – 344 Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas
for Belknap County, New Hamp- Turbine – 29
shire – 171
tures and Motion Control – 300 V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft – 20
Some Properties of Empirical Risk Mini-
mization Over Donsker Classes – 371 Robot Localization Using Visual Image ROUTES
Mapping – 331 Global En Route Basing Infrastructure
Techniques for Developing an Acquisition
Robot Research at Stanford Research Location Model – 21
Strategy by Profiling Software
Institute – 340
Risks – 307 Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si
The Risk Assessment of Occupational Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Fea- Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem-
and Environmental Hazards – 272 sibility Study (The National Shipbuilding plate Layers – 177
Research Program) – 329
RIVERS RUBBER
ROBUSTNESS (MATHEMATICS) Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of
Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at
Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Nonlinear Elastomers – 106
the Savannah River Site – 110
Formation Flying – 59
Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Re-
for Belknap County, New Hamp- Robust Sequential Tests for Memoryless inforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theo-
shire – 171 Discrimination From Dependent Obser- retical Computation and Experimental
vations – 372 Validation of the Theory Using
RLC CIRCUITS Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Com-
ROCKET ENGINES
Design of Current Impulse Genera- pounds – 79
tor – 131
Functionally Graded Propellants – 111
Physical Look on Economic and Finance RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Aug- NATO Advanced Research Workshop:
mented Rocket Nozzle – 145 Optics of Biological Particles. Held in
ROADS Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct
The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant for Rocket Engine and Propulsion Sys- 2005 – 416
Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri- tem Simulations – 145
mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 SAFETY
ROCKET LAUNCHERS An Emergency Communications Safety
ROBOT ARMS Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measure- Net: Integrating 911 and Other Ser-
A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag- ments of a Dismount With Rocket- vices – 119
ing System – 287 Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at
Ka-Band – 149 Developing a Methodology for Elaborat-
ROBOTICS ing a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High
A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag- ROCKET NOZZLES Power Laser Diodes – 157
ing System – 287 Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Aug-
Partnering for Patient Empowerment
Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion mented Rocket Nozzle – 145
through Community Awareness. Facilita-
to Robotic and Human Missions in Near- ROCKET VEHICLES tor’s Guide – 425
Earth Space – 329 A Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage-
Public Safety Communications: Policy,
Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and To-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Ve-
Proposals, Legislation and
Optimal Movement – 359 hicles – 39
Progress – 119
High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and ROCKS
Spatial Audio Displays for Improving
Control of an Autonomous Underwater Fossil Microorganisms in Ar- Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware-
Vehicle – 394 chaean – 169 ness in General Aviation Environ-
Identification and Control of Haptic Sys- ROSAT MISSION ments – 411
tems: A Computational Theory – 350 Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Modeling of Impact on a Flexible ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated
Beam – 360 Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen- Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure
etration of Cockpit Weather Information Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System
in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent Systems – 25 SALINITY
Controls – 339 ROTATING SHAFTS Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and
PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD Motor Controller System For Large Dy- Transport During the Last Millen-
and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 namic Range of Motor Operation – 165 nium – 173
A-89
SAMPLES SCHEDULES SEALS (STOPPERS)
Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide- An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honey-
book – 444 Control Policies and the Dynamic comb Conical Seal Panel – 60
SAMPLING Service-Time Performance of a
Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Man- SEARCHING
Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste- HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex
water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast
Principal Component Analysis – 376 NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con- Bitmap Indices – 440
cepts Directorate Technology
Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component
Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 SEAS
of the Long Term Resource Monitoring
Program: Predicted versus Observed Results From Use of an Integrated Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An
Catch – 114 Schedule for Drawing Development and MIT Security Studies Program Confer-
Equipment Procurement (The National ence – 124
Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate
Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245 Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal
Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In-
SANDS SCHEDULING
teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea-
Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for tures – 411
Coastal Inlet Navigation Chan- the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery
nels – 172 Problem with Time Windows with a The- SECONDARY FLOW
ater Distribution Application – 378 Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow
SANDWICH STRUCTURES Through Nonaxisymmetric Hop-
Scaling of Energy Absorption in Compos- Application of Shift Work Scheduling
Principles and Tools for Optimizing Con- pers – 144
sole Based Operations – 263 SECURITY
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
Developing Scheduling Standards Using Active FPGA Security Through Decoy
Channel Characterization for EHF Satel- Circuits – 325
Regression Analysis: An Application
lite Communications on the Move – 123
Guide – 376 Aviation Security-Related Findings and
SATELLITE CONSTELLATIONS Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis-
Application of a Relative Motion Guid- Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global sion – 7
ance Algorithm to Formation Reassign- Optimization Algorithm – 356
ment – 59 Biometric Identifiers and Border Security:
Interchange Arguments in Stochastic 9/11 Commission Recommendations
SATELLITE DESIGN Scheduling – 380 and Related Issues – 260
Optimal Scheduling with Strict Dead- Border Security: The Role of the U.S.
lines – 380 Border Patrol – 150
Framework – 58
Geostationary Operational Environmen- Results From Use of an Integrated Defining Incident Management Pro-
tal Satellites: Steps Remain in Incorpo- Schedule for Drawing Development and cesses for CSIRTs: A Work in
rating Lessons Learned from Other Sat- Equipment Procurement (The National Progress – 322
ellite Programs – 445 Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi-
SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Support of Mission and Work Scheduling tive Information through Bottleneck Moni-
Development and Validation Testbed: by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 toring – 438
Current Progress and Beyond – 55 SCHOOLS Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas-
SATELLITE IMAGERY Report of Visit to the Public Health Col- sengers: Recommendation of the 9/11
Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb-
WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 196 ruary 22-25, 1961 – 220 Development of Mathematical Models of
Report of Visits to Singapore and Immune Networks Intended for Informa-
SATELLITE OBSERVATION tion Security Assurance – 326
Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satel- Djakarta – 220
lite Formations for the Purpose of Space- Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Evaluation of the Quality of an Informa-
Based Remote Sensing – 41 Engineering and Computer Science Ac- tion Security Management Sys-
cording to Bologna Process – 289 tem – 289
SCALARS
Observational Signatures and Non- Government Activities to Protect the
SCORING Electric Grid – 181
Gaussianities of General Single Field In- Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction,
flation – 397 and Estimation – 393 Homeland Security Grant Formulas: A
Comparison of Formula Provisions in S.
SCALE (RATIO)
SEA ICE 21 and H.R. 1544, 109th Con-
The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity gress – 167
Scale – 258 The Polar Sea Ice Cover from
Aqua/AMSR-E – 170 Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial
SCANNERS Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17
Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Pola- SEA LEVEL
rimeter Target Scans – 407 Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me- Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provi-
teorological Parameters STS-1 Through sions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 302
Fabrication and Characterization of Elec- STS-107 – 194
tric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at Information Sharing for Homeland Secu-
the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 SEALING rity: A Brief Overview – 440
SCATTERING Acoustic Seal – 412 Information Technology (IT) Manage-

ment: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the
NATO Advanced Research Workshop: Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal
Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430
Optics of Biological Particles. Held in for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mat-
Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct ing Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Net-
2005 – 416 Research Program) – 144 worked Systems – 317
A-90
Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For SEDIMENT TRANSPORT Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation
Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu- Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Technology – 159
rity – 165 Transformation – 377
SEMICONDUCTORS (MATERIALS)
Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir- Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI
Behavior Influence Models – 432 culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Semiconductors – 178
Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor-
Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An High Brightness from an Unstable Reso-
phology Change – 124
MIT Security Studies Program Confer- nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post-
ence – 123 SEDIMENTS print) – 157
Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft
National Security Space Launch Re-
Sediments: Experimental Evidence and SEMISPAN MODELS
port – 43
Predictions – 366 Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi-
National Security Space Policy in the Houston-Galveston Navigation Chan- span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the
U.S. and Europe. Trends and nels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun-
Choices – 34 Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353 nel – 1
OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Ver- SEEDS SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS
sion 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Work- Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Sensitivity Analysis of Differential-
sheets for Systems – 320 Soluble Extracts Protect Against Algebraic Equations and Partial Differen-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures tial Equations – 281
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduc- From Rat Forebrain – 223
SENSITIVITY
tion to OCTAVE-S – 321 SEGMENTED MIRRORS A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Global Radius of Curvature Estimation Phase Time Transfer – 135
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example and Control System for Segmented Mir-
Scenario – 318 rors – 166 Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi-
tive Information through Bottleneck Moni-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation SEGMENTS toring – 438
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Prepara- Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust
tion Guidance – 321 Model-Based Segmentation of Microar- New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sen-
ray Images – 369 sitive Equipment Decontamination – 92
Robust Learning and Segmentation for Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method
Guidelines – 321 Scene Understanding – 339 Commercial GPS Receiver Through
Software Approach (Preprint) – 306
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Software Architecture of PSET: A Page
Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit – 300 The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organiza-
Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify
tional Worksheets – 320 SELENIUM Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium
The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Chemoprevention of Prostate-
Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean
Asset Worksheets for Information – 320 Cancer – 239
Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Com-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Selenium and Breast Cancer position Sensitivity to Variations in
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Growth – 235 Source and Process – 173
Asset Worksheets for Applica- Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent
tions – 319 SENSORS
for the Treatment of Prostate Can-
cer – 205 Magnetic Field Response Measurement
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Acquisition System – 140
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical SELENOGRAPHY
Asset Worksheets for People – 319 Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We SENSORY PERCEPTION
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Can ‘See’ – 451 Self-activating System and Method for
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy Alerting When an Object or a Person is
SELENOLOGY Left Unattended – 140
and Plan Worksheets – 319 Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We
Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Can ‘See’ – 451 SENTENCES
Drivers – 70 Sentence Level Information Patterns for
SEMANTICS Novelty Detection – 438
Sustaining Software-Intensive Sys- A Language for Semantic Analy-
tems – 318 sis – 296 SENTINEL SYSTEM
System Quality Requirements Engineer- IRIS: Integrate, Relate. Infer. Initial Technology Assessment for the En-
ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study Share – 329 vironmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB)
on Asset Management System – 433 System – 152
Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference
Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Resolution – 381 Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen
Strategy by Profiling Software of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic
SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS Breast Cancer – 205
Risks – 307
Developing a Methodology for Elaborat-
The Interagency Security Committee and ing a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High SEPARATED FLOW
Security Standards for Federal Build- Power Laser Diodes – 157 An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC
ings – 167 Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133
The National Biodefense Analysis and nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post- SEQUENCING
Countermeasures Center: Issues for print) – 157
Congress – 221 FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren-
Improving Reliability of High Power dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora-
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or-
in Security Operations – 20 in Long Pulse Mode – 156 bits – 59
A-91
SEQUENTIAL ANALYSIS Shape Representation in V4: Investigat- Development of a Silent Tow Sys-
Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound- tem – 408
and Sequential Detection in Uncertain ary Confirmation with the Standard
Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Pro-
Environments – 362 Model of Object Recognition – 252
duced by Advanced Metallurical Pro-
SEQUENTIAL CONTROL SHEAR STRENGTH cesses (The National Shipbuilding Re-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- search Program) – 98
Static Formation Control Using Inter-
spacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48 gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA
Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Steels – 102
SERVICES Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored
Contract Management: Service Contract Arc Welding Electrodes – 102 Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of
Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small
SHEAR STRESS Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Opera-
Has Room for Improvement – 32
Including Nearshore Processes in tions Task 3.84.4 – 72
SERVOMECHANISMS Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Mod-
Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment
System Dynamics and Control System els – 391
for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator SHIELDING National Shipbuilding Program) – 100
and Fast Tool Servo – 125
Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor- Group Technology/Flow Applications Re-
SERVOMOTORS mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar search (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Physical Look on Economic and Finance Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge search Program) – 260
Oscillations – 132 Movement – 177
Harnessing Simulation of Naval Ship-
SEX SHIP HULLS yards – 304
Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects Automated Blasting & Recovery of Coat-
ings Removed From Ship Hulls – 73 High Strength Steels Produced by Ad-
on Prostate Cancer – 250 vanced Metallurgical Processes (The
Development of Standard Procedures for National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
SEYFERT GALAXIES Shipboard Print Inspection – 71 gram) – 100
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and
Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma SHIPS Implementation of Advanced Technology
Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 A Planning Guide - New Technologies in in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Work-
Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National shop Report – 379
SHAFTS (MACHINE ELEMENTS) Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 Information System Models -- As A Tool
Motor Controller System For Large Dy-
A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour for Shipyard Planning and Control (The
namic Range of Motor Operation – 165
Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Stan- National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
SHALLOW WATER dards (The National Shipbuilding Re- gram) – 432
Performance of the Shallow Water Equa- search Program) – 366 Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments
tions on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication (The National Shipbuilding Research
Supercomputers – 308 Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Program) – 104
Performance of the Shallow Water Equa- Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 70 Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
tions on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Su- Applications of Digital Transfer of Com- ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
percomputer – 355 puter Aided Design Data for Production gram) – 373
The Inherent Visible Light Signature of Usage (The National Shipbuilding Re- Marine Coatings Performance for Differ-
an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light search Program) – 304 ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73
Source Due to Combined Raman and Automatic Submerged ARC Welding
Fluorescence Effects – 414 Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal
With Metal Power Additions to Increase for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mat-
SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 ing Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding
Manufacture and Experimental Analysis Basic Principles of Industrial Engineering Research Program) – 144
of a Concentrated Strain Based Deploy- (The National Shipbuilding Research National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
able Truss Structure – 33 Program) – 376 gram. Performance Testing of Marine
Smart Structures: Model Development Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Ver- Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Pro-
and Control Applications – 400 sus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks- cedures – 68
Five Year Report – 71 Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed-
SHAPED CHARGES
Combining Welding Expert Systems With Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na-
Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as tional Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Welding Databases to Improve Ship-
a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 gram) – 73
building Production (The National Ship-
SHAPES building Research Program) – 164 Novel Techniques and Their Applications
Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics Computer-Assisted Methodology for the for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of
With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- Determination of the Optimal Number Welded Structures (The National Ship-
verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 and Location of Tool Sheds (The National building Research Program) – 162
Motion Control and Planning for Non- Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for
holonomic Kinematic Chains – 342 Computerized Compendium of Stan- Underwater Service (The National Ship-
dards – 429 building Research Program) – 71
Representation of Spectral Profiles in the
Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Sur-
Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Cast- face Preparation and Coatings – 73
Phases – 412 ings (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Results From Use of an Integrated
Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Schedule for Drawing Development and
Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Development of a Ship Service Fuel Equipment Procurement (The National
Approach – 390 Cell – 181 Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325
A-92
Shell Plate Definition Guide for Ship De- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Tracking System for Automatic Welding.
signers (The National Shipbuilding Re- gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip
search Program) – 104 Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Life for Through-the-Arc Welding Sys-
Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) tem – 163
Ship Production Symposium Held in Se- Patrol Boat – 101
attle, Washington on August 24-26, 1988 User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Soft-
(The National Shipbuilding Research The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- ware (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Program) – 304 gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium search Program) – 304
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Fea-
Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With sibility Study (The National Shipbuilding
Simulator – 379 Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac- Research Program) – 329
ing – 102
Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics Work Planning for Shipyard Surface
(The National Shipbuilding Research The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A
Program) – 332 gram. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Training Manual) – 100
Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva-
Soviet Technique for Estimating Post- tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons SHIPYARDS
Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding Learned – 111 A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour
(The National Shipbuilding Research
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Stan-
Program) – 162
gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. dards (The National Shipbuilding Re-
The Application of Intelligent Robotic Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea- search Program) – 367
Systems and Lasers for Manufactur- suring Systems for Increased Accuracy ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting,
ing – 157 and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re- Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75
pair – 311
The Information Flow Requirements of Harnessing Simulation of Naval Ship-
the Design and Procurement Processes The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- yards – 304
of Shipbuilding Programs – 306 gram. Combined Abrasive Recycling and
Information System Models -- As A Tool
Containment - Final Report With Sum-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- for Shipyard Planning and Control (The
mary and Conclusions – 67
gram. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram) – 432
Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non- gram. Development of Non-Polluting, The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Halogenated Polyphosphazene Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys- gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Foam – 68 tems For Ships – 72 Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- yards – 72
gram. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, gram. Evaluation of New Surface Prepa-
Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac- ration and Coating Repair Techniques in The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
ture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67 gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated
Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure
gram. Evaluation of Shipbuilding Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Pollution Prevention and Control Tech-
CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship- gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated
yards – 72 nology Used in Shipyards and Similar
Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Industries – 435
Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram. User’s Guide to Selection of Blast-
Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle gram. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of ing Abrasives – 74
Measurement for Inclining Experi- Distributive Systems Models.
ments – 307 Phase 1 – 172 Work Planning for Shipyard Surface
Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Training Manual) – 100
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, gram. Reduced Volume of Spent Abra-
Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the sive in Open Air Blasting – 67 SHOCK HEATING
Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Postshock Annealing and Postannealing
Arc Welding Electrodes – 101 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chon-
gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 drites: Implications for the Thermal and
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Shock Histories of Chondritic Aster-
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, oids – 456
Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
Pollution Prevention and Control Tech-
Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints SHOCK LOADS
nology Used in Shipyards and Similar
Evaluation and Improvements – 101 Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a
Industries – 435
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- New Shock Indicator; Implications for the
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, gram. User’s Guide to Selection of Blast-
Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Chondrites – 191
ing Abrasives – 74
Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 SHOCK (PHYSIOLOGY)
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Development of Hemostatic
gram. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98 Agents – 234
Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measure-
ment of Shipboard Piping Using a Por- The Use of Computers in Advancing SHOCK WAVES
table Coordinate Measuring Machine Group Technology (The National Ship- Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilib-
(PCMM) – 163 building Research Program) – 306 rium Air Plasma – 415
A-93
SHOPS Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Building SASO Wargaming Simulations
Labor Standards Application Program, Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of Without Programmers – 309
Phase 4 - FY-83, Blast and Paint Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple
Shops – 108 Phases – 412
mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of
SICKNESSES The Inherent Visible Light Signature of the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre-
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light print) – 311
Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill- Source Due to Combined Raman and
Composable Simulations – 305
ness Resembling Inhalation An- Fluorescence Effects – 414
thrax – 224 Development and Validation of Reentry
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Simulation Using MATLAB – 390
Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis
CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel- Harnessing Simulation of Naval Ship-
in Gulf War Illness – 250 oping in a Late Postpartum Woman: yards – 304
SIDEROPHILE ELEMENTS Case Report – 226 International Meeting on Medical Simula-
Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK SILICA GLASS tion (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held
Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave in San Diego, California on January 14-
for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and Propagation and Impact Damage in 17, 2006 – 241
Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bun-
SIGNAL DETECTION (AION) – 114 dling and Filtration in Large-Scale Dis-
Optimal Quantization and Fusion in SILICATES tributed Simulations – 136
Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon- Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Sub-
of Weak Signals in Dependent drites – 189 systems for End-to-End Spacecraft Mod-
Noise – 335 eling – 38
Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post-
SIGNAL PROCESSING Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of
Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystalliza-
Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos-
Enhanced Signal Processing – 301 tion – 96
sible Formation of the IVA Magma by
Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL- Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for
Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal- Luminosity Performance Studies – 422
Radar Signals in the Presence of lization and Cooling – 453
Noise – 152 Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simula-
Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of tions Using a Particle-in-Cell
Modeling of Block-Based DSP Sys- Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Method – 417
tems – 292 Compounds in Structure Control – 84
Performance, Capacity and Limitations
Motor Controller System For Large Dy- SILICON CARBIDES of AMSS Communications – 115
namic Range of Motor Operation – 165 Dynamic Compressive Responses and
Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics
for Rocket Engine and Propulsion Sys-
Communications – 336 Under High Confinement – 94
tem Simulations – 145
Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantiza- SILICON FILMS Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula-
tion in Distributed Detection Sys- Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for tion Model – 314
tems – 154 PV Packaging – 184
Simulation and Performance of Data
Robust Adaptive Signal Processing SILICON NITRIDES Communication using AMSS – 12
Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut- Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
ter Scenarios – 85 Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri-
Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models
Robust Stochastic Adaptive Con- for Groundwater Flow and Trans-
trol – 349 port – 352
SILICON Simulation of Selected Ground-Water
Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multi- Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and
Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal junction Cell – 176 Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 142
Classification – 438 New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re- Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environ-
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 combination at Light-Induced Boron- ment for Dynamic Testing of Struc-
Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 tures – 448
SIGNAL TRANSMISSION
EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique SIMPLEX METHOD Simulation of Weapons Release from
for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmis- Optimization on Microcomputers: The Cargo Aircraft – 8
sion – 126 Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347
Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Mag-
Polarization-mode Dispersion and its SIMULATION netorheological Fluids – 145
Mitigation – 127
A Notional Battlespace for Simulating User Manual for EXPRESS, the
Review of the National Institute of Infor- and Testing Dynamic Wireless Net- ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation
mation and Communications Technol- works – 374 Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30,
ogy, Vol. 52, No. 2 – 116 2006 – 283
A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using
Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Modelling and Simulation – 256 Using Videos Derived from Simulations
Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware-
Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware-
ness in General Aviation Environ-
an Existing Training Simulation – 332 ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279
ments – 411
SIGNATURES Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine SIMULATORS
and Surgical Simulation – 230
Observational Signatures and Non- Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data
Gaussianities of General Single Field In- AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Simulator for Tracker Performance As-
flation – 397 Simulation System – 18 sessment – 314
A-94
High Accuracy Multidimensional Param- Cognitive Performance in Operational FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame-
eterized Surrogate Models for Fast Opti- Environments – 266 work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring
mization of Microwave Circuits in the Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Systems – 10
Industry Standard Circuit Simula- Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog- Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern
tors – 108 nitive Performance During Sleep Depri- Realizations – 303
Measurement of the Propagation Con- vation – 257
Incorporating Active and Multi-Database-
stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to State Services into an OSA-Compliant
Array (Preprint) – 137 Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness Interoperability Toolkit – 310
Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow during Sustained Operations – 273
Simulator – 379 Sustaining Software-Intensive Sys-
Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain tems – 318
Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337 Performance in the Operational Environ-
ment – 272 Web-based Open Tool Integration
SINE WAVES Framework – 299
Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Para- Support of Mission and Work Scheduling
metric Filtering – 370 by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain A Generic Multibody Parachute Simula-
SINGAPORE tion Model – 13
Report of Visits to Singapore and Physical and Cognitive Function during
Djakarta – 221 Continuous Operations – 274 Air Vehicle Technology Integration Pro-
SLOTS gram (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open
SINGLE EVENT UPSETS Control Platform (OCP) Software En-
Automating the Modeling of the SEE abled Control (SEC) Hardware in the
tion and Force/Moment Genera-
Cross Section’s Angular Depen- Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Inte-
tion – 32
dence – 419 gration – 7
Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16
SINGLE STAGE ROCKET VEHICLES Appraisal Requirements for CMMI, Ver-
A Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage- SLUDGE sion 1.2 (ARC, V1.2) – 309
To-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Ve- Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge
hicles – 39 Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental
1.2 – 307
Results – 105
SITE SELECTION CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project:
Computer-Assisted Methodology for the SLURRIES
What We Learned – 297
Determination of the Optimal Number Rehological Characterization of Unusal
and Location of Tool Sheds (The National DWPF Slurry Samples – 65 Contingency Software in Autonomous
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 379 Systems: Technical Level Brief-
SMART MATERIALS ing – 316
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS Partial and Full Inverse Compensation
Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Sig- for Hysteresis in Smart Material Sys- ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture
nals to a Covert Tactile Communication tems – 129 for Feedback Control of Software Perfor-
System in a Dynamic Environ- mance – 296
SMART STRUCTURES
ment – 118 A Systems Engineering Approach to De- Event-Based Detection of Concur-
Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for sign a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373 rency – 379
Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Linear Control Theory as Applied to Evolution of the Configuration Database
Flights: A Human Factors Ap- Smart Structures – 372 Design – 291
proach – 10
Smart Structures and Wavelet Based Failure Assessment – 315
Supporting Situation Assessment System Identification – 344
through Attention Guidance: A Cost- Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern
Benefit and Depth of Processing Analy- Smart Structures: Model Development Realizations – 303
sis – 259 and Control Applications – 400 Investigating the Applicability of Architec-
Using Videos Derived from Simulations SMOKE ture Description in Configuration Man-
to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware- Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inha- agement and Software Deploy-
ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 lation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biom- ment – 303
arkers and Time Course of Lung Inflam- MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of
SKIN GRAFTS mation – 227
Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat- Efficient Native Supercomputing for Mi-
ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 SOCIOLOGY crosoft Windows Architecture – 288
The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Results of SEI Independent Research
SKIS Scale – 258 and Development Projects and Report
Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261 on Emerging Technologies and Technol-
SODIUM
SLAGS ogy Trends – 296
Testing to Evaluate the Suitability of
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Waste Forms Developed for Electromet- RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple-
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium allurgically Treated Spent Sodium- mentation – 286
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Bounded Nuclear Fuel for Disposal in the
Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Yucca Mountain Repository – 109 Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR)
Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac- and Final Design Review (FDR) Crite-
ing – 103 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOLS ria – 297
Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the Spiral System Implementation Methodol-
SLEEP DEPRIVATION CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 – 312 ogy: Application of the Knowledge Web
Designers and Their Tools: Computer and Network-Centric Best Prac-
Support for Domain Construction – 311 tices – 384
Maintaining Alertness and Performance
in Sustained Military Ground Opera- Expressive Threat Detection Validation Sustaining Software-Intensive Sys-
tions – 240 Framework – 299 tems – 318
A-95
System Quality Requirements Engineer- New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple- Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP
ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High- Initiative – 176
on Asset Management System – 433 Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys-
SOLAR ENERGY
tems – 176
SOFTWARE RELIABILITY Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si
Automated Discovery of Mimicry At- New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re- PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating
tacks – 380 combination at Light-Induced Boron- Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil-
Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 ity – 182
SOIL POLLUTION
Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degra- PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic Sys-
Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and dation Studies – 178 tem and Component Certification, Test
Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm
Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photo-
Eisenia fetida – 74 voltaic Energy Systems International
Solar Cells – 179
SOILS Standards – 181
Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar
From Sequential Extraction to Transport Rheological and Mechanical Consider-
Arrays – 41
Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation ations for Photovoltaic Encapsu-
as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si lants – 182
Contaminants – 64 Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem-
Strategic Planning of Communications
plate Layers – 177
SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar
Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif- Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Energy Technologies Program – 177
ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard Exciton Generation – 178
SOLAR HEATING
from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water
a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro- Systems Analysis – 182
SOLAR ACTIVITY
Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain SOLAR NEBULA
Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa- Growth – 183 Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift
tions – 460 in the O Isotopic Composition of the
Solar Nebula – 455
SOLAR ARRAYS ations for Photovoltaic Encapsu-
A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com- lants – 182 Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles
parison with Conventional Sys- Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM
SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur- Chondrites – 189
tems – 35 ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor-
Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing phous Silicon – 173 SOLAR OBSERVATORIES
Mission – 445 Understanding the Potential and Limita- NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 – 447
Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar tions of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar SOLAR POWER SATELLITES
Arrays – 41 Cells – 181 Realization of the Solar Power Satellite
Realization of the Solar Power Satellite SOLAR COLLECTORS using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec-
using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec- tor – 52
Development and Testing of a Power
tor – 51 Trough System Using a Structurally- SOLAR RADIO BURSTS
SOLAR CELLS Efficient, High-Performance, Large- Studies of Enhanced Performance of the
Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Obser-
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as vation and Space Weather – 448
tion – 180
the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 SOLAR REFLECTORS
New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple-
A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com- Development and Testing of a Power
Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High-
parison with Conventional Sys- Trough System Using a Structurally-
Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys-
tems – 35 Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
tems – 176
Dislocation Generation by Thermal Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experi- Trough Development – 180 tion – 180
ments – 183
Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Realization of the Solar Power Satellite
Economic, Energy, and Environmental Project – 177 using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec-
Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in tor – 51
California. Report for May 2005 to April SOLAR CORONA
2006 – 174 Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass SOLAR SAILS
Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor- Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag- PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope
mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Concept and its Applications at Different
Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Alone – 461 Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000
Movement – 177 Km) – 443
SOLAR ELECTRIC PROPULSION
GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Perfor- Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTERACTIONS
mance: the Amazing Physics of Grain- to Robotic and Human Missions in Near- The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis-
Boundaries and Killer-Defects in Chal- Earth Space – 329 sion’ – 56
copyrites – 176
SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION SOLAR THERMAL ELECTRIC POWER
High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar PLANTS
Economic, Energy, and Environmental
Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175 Development and Testing of a Power
Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in
III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multi- Trough System Using a Structurally-
California. Report for May 2005 to April
junction Cell – 176 Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
2006 – 174
Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc- Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
ture and Bonding – 75 Trough Development – 180 tion – 180
A-96
Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough SOUND LOCALIZATION NASA Langley Research Center Sys-
Project – 177 A Microphone-Array-Based System for tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate
Restoring Sound Localization with Oc- Participation in the Exploration Systems
SOLAR THERMAL PROPULSION
cluded Ears – 137 Architecture Study – 459
A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre-
Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound NASA: Sound Management and Over-
System for Microsatellites – 415 Localisation – 409 sight Key to Addressing Crew Explora-
tion Vehicle Project Risks – 423
SOLID PHASES SOUND PRESSURE
SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur- RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve-
Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation
ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor- hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space
phous Silicon – 174 Exploration – 37
Experimentation to Address Appropriate
SOLID ROCKET PROPELLANTS Space Shuttle Overview – 45
Test Techniques for Measuring the At-
Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear- The Exploration Water Recovery Sys-
Functionally Graded Propellants – 111 ing Protectors – 410 tem – 442
SOLID STATE SOUND PROPAGATION U.S. Aerospace Industry: Progress in
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Implementing Aerospace Commission
for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- Propagation in Aircraft Noise Predic- Recommendations, and Remaining
monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp- tion – 409 Challenges – 425
haust Streams – 419 SOUND TRANSMISSION SPACE FLIGHT
Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insu-
SOLIDIFIED GASES lation for the External Tank Return to
Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Cues About Threat Location on Target
Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Flight – 446
Commonly Used Quantities by the Air
Cargo Industry – 6 Auditory Communications – 117 SPACE INFRARED TELESCOPE FACIL-
Sound Transmission to Long Ranges in ITY
SOLIDS Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet
the Ocean – 408
Optimization of Training Sets For Neural- with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449
Net Processing of Characteristic Pat- SOUND WAVES
terns From Vibrating Solids – 340 A Computational Model for Sound Field SPACE LAW
SOLUBILITY Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision National Security Space Policy in the
6) – 134 U.S. and Europe. Trends and
Choices – 34
Soluble Extracts Protect Against Acoustic Seal – 412
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures SPACE MISSIONS
Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation
From Rat Forebrain – 223 Accurate Formation Flying Design and
SOLVENTS Validation for the Darwin Precursor Dem-
Organization of Response Areas in Fer- onstration Mission – 50
Electronic Structure Studies of ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220
Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 Analysis of the Optical Design for the
Representation of Spectral Profiles in the SAFIR Telescope – 416
Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at
Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of
the Savannah River Site – 110 Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2
Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- Phases – 412 Orbit – 55
ides and Copolyimides – 75 GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for
Spatial Audio Displays for Improving
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware- Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53
gram. Development of Non-Polluting, ness in General Aviation Environ- Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1
Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys- ments – 411 with Onboard Autonomy – 60
tems For Ships – 72
SOUNDING ROCKETS SPACE NAVIGATION
SONAR Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Ve- GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Posi-
Benchmark Evaluation of Multistatic hicles – 47 tion in Space – 46
Trackers – 413
SPACE COMMERCIALIZATION SPACE PLATFORMS
Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data
Simulator for Tracker Performance As- Commercial Orbital Transportation Ser- Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For-
sessment – 314 vices (COTS) Demonstrations – 46 mation Flying – 62
SOUND DETECTING AND RANGING SPACE COMMUNICATION SPACE SHUTTLE MAIN ENGINE
At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target New Techniques in Space Weather Fore- Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess-
Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement casting – 40 ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous
Technique and First Results – 387 SPACE DEBRIS Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of
Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Is- the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160
SOUND FIELDS
A Computational Model for Sound Field sues and Solutions – 33 SPACE SHUTTLE MISSIONS
Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision Hubble Space Telescope - First Servicing
SPACE EXPLORATION
6) – 134 Mission – 445
Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic
SOUND GENERATORS Fluid Management – 143 SPACE SHUTTLES
Acoustic Seal – 412 Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif- Characterization of Space Shuttle Ther-
An Algorithm for the Accurate Localiza- ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard mal Protection System (TPS) Materials
tion of Sounds – 137 from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle
Localization Performance of Real and Habitat Design Optimization and Analy- Columbia Accident Investigation – 45
Virtual Sound Sources – 21 sis – 452 Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37
A-97
High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec- SPACECRAFT LAUNCHING Representation of Spectral Profiles in the
tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space National Security Space Launch Re- Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of
Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on- port – 43 Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple
Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 Phases – 412
SPACECRAFT MOTION
Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insu- Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound
lation for the External Tank Return to Formation Flying – 59 Localisation – 409
Flight – 446
SPACECRAFT SHIELDING SPECTROGRAPHS
Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honey- Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the
comb Conical Seal Panel – 60 sign Tools – 47 HST/STIS – 442
Space Shuttle Overview – 45 SPACECRAFT TRACKING SPECTROMETERS
Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me- Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strate- Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for
teorological Parameters STS-1 Through gies for Large DSN Arrays – 46 the Polarized Positron Production Ex-
STS-107 – 193 periment – 156
SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORIES
SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During SPECTRORADIOMETERS
An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Station-Keeping – 35 A New Approach for Radiometric Cross
Analysis – 387 Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom-
Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36 eters – 112
Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37
SPACECREWS SPECTROSCOPY
Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me- NASA Utilization of the International
teorological Parameters STS-1 Through Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR – 421
Space Station and the Vision for Space
STS-107 – 193 Exploration – 259 Development of Methods for the Real-
SPACE WEAPONS Time and Rapid Identification and Detec-
SPACE-TIME ADAPTIVE PROCESSING tion of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluo-
Globalness: Toward a Space Power Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabili- rescence Spectroscopy of the
Theory – 33 ties of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364 Eye – 251
SPACE WEATHER SPACING High Resolution Spectroscopy to Sup-
New Techniques in Space Weather Fore- On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with port Atmospheric Measurements – 185
casting – 40 Outliers and Missing Observa-
Quarkonium Spectroscopy at Ba-
Studies of Enhanced Performance of the tions – 359
bar – 421
Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Obser- Operational Concept for Flight Crews to
vation and Space Weather – 447 Real-Time Process Monitoring by
Participate in Merging and Spacing of
P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy
SPACEBORNE TELESCOPES Aircraft – 4
and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase
GLAST Tracker – 446 SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION Epitaxy – 419
SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High- Combining Spatial Statistical and En- SPECTRUM ANALYSIS
Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51 semble Information in Probabilistic
Weather Forecasts – 198
The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti-
HST/STIS – 442 Using Videos Derived from Simulations mation – 350
to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware-
SPACECRAFT COMMUNICATION Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279
Comparison of Communication Architec- Observations by the Cassini Infrared
tures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics SPATIAL FILTERING Spectrometer – 446
Systems – 25 Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using SPEECH RECOGNITION
A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner
SPACECRAFT CONTROL Extension of ITU-T Recommendation
and Baseline Rotation – 416
LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech
Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free- SPATIAL RESOLUTION Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433
Free Boundary Conditions – 38 Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis- Incremental Parsing with Reference In-
sion – 53 teraction – 341
Proceedings from the 2nd International
Symposium on Formation Flying Mis- SPECIFIC HEAT Trainable Videorealistic Speech Anima-
sions and Technologies – 47 Method and Apparatus for the Portable tion – 153
Identification Of Material Thickness And
Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft SPEECH
Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using
Formation Flying – 59 Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimo-
Spatially Controlled Heat Applica-
The Precision Formation Flying Inte- tion – 113 dal System, for a No-Wait Temporal
grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 Threshold on Information Fusion, Com-
SPECIFIC IMPULSE bined with an Under-Specified Dis-
SPACECRAFT DESIGN THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) play – 336
Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- the New Paradigm for Booster Rock-
ets – 42 Improving Multitalker Speech Communi-
sign Tools – 47
cation with Advanced Audio Dis-
GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for SPECIFICATIONS plays – 121
Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53 An Analysis of Weight Change in Fil-
SPENT FUELS
ters – 166
SPACECRAFT DOCKING Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois:
PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD SPECTRAL RESOLUTION CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role
and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- in Gulf War Illness – 250
Perot Interferometers – 460
SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTS SPHERES
NASA Utilization of the International SPECTRA Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System
Space Station and the Vision for Space Department of Defense Net-Centric in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent
Exploration – 259 Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 Controls – 340
A-98
SPHEROIDS Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for De- STATIONKEEPING
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and tecting Incipient Instability – 129 Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During
Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406 Station-Keeping – 35
Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 Station-Keeping Requirements for Astro-
SPHEROMAKS bility of Parametrized Families of Matri- nomical Imaging with Constellations of
Science and Technology Review: ces and Polynomials – 392 Free-Flying Collectors – 55
Spheromak Plasma Heats Up – 398 Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36
SPINE (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The Role of the Neurofibromin- (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Computer and Internet Use by Students
Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu- Correction Insert Stability Evalua- in 2003. Statistical Analysis Re-
lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling tion – 261 port – 282
and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 235 Language Stability and Stabilizability of Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft
SPONTANEOUS COMBUSTION Discrete Event Dynamical Sys- Sediments: Experimental Evidence and
Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex- tems – 383 Predictions – 365
perimental and Kinetic Modeling Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clut-
Study – 83 Instability With Application to Axial Flow ter Statistics – 363
Compressors – 343
SPORES Medical Personnel Motivation in One In-
Physical Methods For Inactivating Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili- ternational Mission – 274
Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399 ties Within the Positive-Differential-
Resistance Regions of Tunneling De- Stability Results in Learning
SPRAYERS vices – 132 Theory – 395
A Combined Foam-Spray Model for Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal
Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 172 Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu-
lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun- Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In-
Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral neling Devices – 132 teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea-
Structures for Treatment of Urinary In- tures – 411
continence After Prostate Cancer Stability Results in Learning
Theory – 395 Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogene-
Spray – 209 ity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interfer-
White Sands Missile Range Urban ence Backgrounds – 366
Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic
Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single
Spray – 94 WRSM Operations Concept – 200
On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida- view – 143 STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS
tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Confidence Bands for ROC
STAINLESS STEELS
Sprays – 83 Curves – 330
An Experimental and Computational In-
SPREAD SPECTRUM TRANSMISSION vestigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture Polarization-mode Dispersion and its
Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence in Stainless Steel Welds – 103 Mitigation – 127
and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405 STANDARD LAUNCH VEHICLES STATISTICAL TESTS
Multiple-Access Capability of Frequency- The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program Robust Sequential Tests for Memoryless
Hopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An Small Launch Vehicles – 37 Discrimination From Dependent Obser-
Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal vations – 372
Power Levels – 404 STANDARDIZATION
A Study for Technology of Controlling Some Properties of Empirical Risk Mini-
Throughput and Packet Error Probability Next-Generation Backbone Net- mization Over Donsker Classes – 371
of Cellular Frequency-Hopped Spread- work – 125
Spectrum Radio Networks – 404 STATISTICAL WEATHER FORECASTING
RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple- Combining Spatial Statistical and En-
SPREADING mentation – 286 semble Information in Probabilistic
The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the Standards Database Maintenance Weather Forecasts – 198
Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean Phase II – 425 STATISTICS
Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Com-
STANDARDS Monitoring Employment Conditions of
position Sensitivity to Variations in
NASA Scientific and Technical Informa- Military Spouses – 368
Source and Process – 173
tion Standards – 433 STEADY STATE
SPREADSHEETS
Progress Toward a Format Standard for Efficient Steady-State Solution Tech-
FEA Software for Determination of Re- niques for Variably Saturated Groundwa-
Flight Dynamics Models – 30
sidual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes ter Flow – 145
for a Range of Gun Steels With Bausch- STATE ESTIMATION
inger Effect – 104 On the Effects of the Initial Condition in STEALTH TECHNOLOGY
State Estimation for Discrete-Time Lin- F-22A Raptor – 22
SQUID (DETECTORS)
ear Systems – 339 STEELS
Identification of Materiel Damage in Two
Dimensional Domains Using Squid STATIC LOADS Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Pro-
Based NDE System – 365 Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon- duced by Advanced Metallurical Pro-
Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for cesses (The National Shipbuilding Re-
SQUIRRELS Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im- search Program) – 98
Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity pact Damage Thresholds – 78 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA
are Down-Regulated During Hibernation Steels – 102
in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 STATIC TESTS
Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon- FEA Software for Determination of Re-
STABILITY Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for sidual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes
Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im- for a Range of Gun Steels With Bausch-
Without Programmers – 309 pact Damage Thresholds – 78 inger Effect – 103
A-99
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- STRATEGY Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring Engineering and Computer Science Ac-
Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific cording to Bologna Process – 289
Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Military Domains – 436 STYRENES
Evaluation and Improvements – 101
STREAMS Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Development of All-Solid-State Sensors Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene-
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- Styrene Triblock Copolymers – 108
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp-
Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) SUBLIMATION
tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex- Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in
Patrol Boat – 101 haust Streams – 419 Commonly Used Quantities by the Air
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Cargo Industry – 6
gram)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning STREPTOCOCCUS
Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98 Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis SUBMARINES
With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel- Radio Transmission Between Two Sub-
STEERING oping in a Late Postpartum Woman: merged Submarines – 119
Steering Policies for Markov Decision Case Report – 226
Processes Under a Recurrence Condi- SUBMILLIMETER WAVES
Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene
tion – 367 SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR
from Streptococcus mutans – 229
Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Roadmap Presentation – 48
STRESS ANALYSIS
Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed
for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress SUBSONIC SPEED
Test System at the Outdoor Test Facil- Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correla-
STIFFNESS ity – 184 tions in Jets – 26
Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environ- FEA Software for Determination of Re-
ment for Dynamic Testing of Struc- SUBSTRATES
sidual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes
tures – 448 for a Range of Gun Steels With Bausch- Growth and Characterization of Large
Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138
STIMULANTS inger Effect – 103
SULFIDES
Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are STRESS CORROSION
Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon-
Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler
the Operational Environment – 264 drites – 189
Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1,
Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87 Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK
Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications
STRESS (PHYSIOLOGY) for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and
during Sustained Operations – 273 Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Im- Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189
Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain munizations Administered in a Stressful
Performance in the Operational Environ- Environment on Immunologic Func- SUN
ment – 272 tion – 255 A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre-
Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion
Strategies to Improve Alertness during STRESS (PSYCHOLOGY) System for Microsatellites – 415
Extended Deployments – 263 A Research Program on Health, Perfor-
GNC System for the Deployment and
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in
STOCHASTIC PROCESSES Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270
A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Interferometer – 443
Method and Its Application to Lennard- Long-Distance Government Flights - A
The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis-
Jones Problems – 357 Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat
sion’ – 56
Sorties? – 262
Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme SUPERCOMPUTERS
for a Partially Observed Controlled Stress and Psychological Sup-
port – 277 International Conference on Advances in
the Internet, Processing, Systems and
Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly- STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIPS Interdisciplinary Research (IPSI-2006
Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro- A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using MARBELLA) – 284
cess – 362 Modelling and Simulation – 257 MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of
Interchange Arguments in Stochastic STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS Efficient Native Supercomputing for Mi-
Scheduling – 380 crosoft Windows Architecture – 288
Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Ve-
Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering hicle Structure Concepts for Mass Opti- Performance of the Shallow Water Equa-
and Associated Random Vari- mization – 168 tions on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel
ables – 362 Supercomputers – 308
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
On the Poisson Equation for Countable Performance of the Shallow Water Equa-
SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Pro-
Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions tions on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Su-
gram – 148
and Parameter Dependence by Probabi- percomputer – 355
listic Methods – 346 Structural Optimization in a Distributed
Computing Environment – 382 SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETS
Robust Stochastic Adaptive Con- The Relative Position Control in Forma-
trol – 349 STUDENTS tion Flying Satellites Using Super-
Computer and Internet Use by Students Conducting Magnets – 62
STOICHIOMETRY
in 2003. Statistical Analysis Re-
Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
port – 282
ides and Copolyimides – 75 Superconducting Photocathodes – 396
How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful
STRAIN RATE Animations for Teaching and Research SUPERCRITICAL FLOW
Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac- Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camta- Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying
ture – 403 sia(TradeMark) – 287 Supercritical Flow – 147
A-100
SUPERHIGH FREQUENCIES SURVEILLANCE SWITCHING
A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR A Comparison of Trajectory Determina- Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters:
Interferometry – 51 tion Approaches for Small UAVs – 22 Very Large Time-Constant Cir-
cuits – 406
SUPERNOVA REMNANTS Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial
Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448 Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non-
Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifi-
SUPERSONIC FLOW Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduc- ers – 405
Control of Acoustics and Store Separa- tion Systems for Family Maltreatment,
Suicidality, and Substance Problems in Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF
tion in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8
the USAF – 257 for Remotely Controlling Lambda-
SUPPLYING Paths – 126
Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- Video Moving Target Indication in the
Analysts’ Detection Support Sys- Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions
vidual Water Purification Devices – 231 With Application to Flexible Manufactur-
tem – 153
SUPPORT SYSTEMS ing Systems – 382
Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary SURVEYS
SYMBOLIC PROGRAMMING
Forces: Expanded Operational Architec- Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War- Families of Liapunov Functions for Non-
ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature
linear Systems in Critical Cases – 369
ning and Control – 122 Survey 1990-2005 – 248
Knowledge Representation in PARKA.
The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro- Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En-
Integrated Human Centric Sys- cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A hancements – 337
tem – 267 Survey – 369
SYMMETRY
Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should Experiences with a Survey Tool for Dis-
An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Ro-
Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech- covering Network Time Protocol Serv-
tational Symmetry – 390
nical Data Needs to Support Weapon ers – 323
Systems – 17 Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza-
The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity tion – 445
SUPPRESSORS Scale – 258
SYMPTOMOLOGY
Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 Trauma Symptomatology Among Female
gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality U.S. Navy Recruits – 237
Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen Pollution Prevention and Control Tech-
and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu- nology Used in Shipyards and Similar SYNAPSES
mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can- Industries – 435 General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain
cer – 210 Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie
Project - Canada – 337 Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252
Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in
Recombination – 242 SYNCHRONISM
SURVIVAL
Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an
SURFACE FINISHING Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global
Work Planning for Shipyard Surface mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- Optimization Algorithm – 356
Preparation and Coating (SP&C) (A ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis
Training Manual) – 100 Survival – 219 SYNCHRONOUS PLATFORMS
Geostationary Operational Environmen-
SURFACE PROPERTIES Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting tal Satellites: Additional Action Needed to
Visual Reference Standards for Weld Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vas- Incorporate Lessons Learned from Other
Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 cular Endothelium – 249 Satellite Programs – 424
SURFACE ROUGHNESS EFFECTS SWEDEN Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta-
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- Swedish Projects – 11 tionary Orbit Determination – 38
nolds Number Channel Flows – 146
SWEPT WINGS SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES
SURFACE ROUGHNESS Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta-
Slotted Aircraft Wing – 23
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- tionary Orbit Determination – 39
nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 SWINE SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR
SURFACE WATER Treatment of Decompression Sickness in A Comparison of Change Detection Sta-
Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon tistics in POLSAR Images – 315
Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Emulsion – 256
Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 170 SWITCHES Interferometry – 51
SURFACE WAVES Series Connected Buck-Boost Regula- Close Formation Flight of Micro-
Measurement of the Propagation Con- tor – 139 Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49
stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Studies on Architecture and Control Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con-
Array (Preprint) – 137 Technology for Optical Packet trol for Satellite Formations – 443
SURGERY Switches – 127
Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine SWITCHING CIRCUITS Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster
and Surgical Simulation – 230 Mission – 117
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non-
SURGES Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifi- SYNTHETIC APERTURES
Design of Current Impulse Genera- ers – 405 High Precision Optical Metrology for
tor – 131 DARWIN – 51
SWITCHING THEORY
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS
Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine Switching/Optical Access Net- Cognitive Performance in Operational
and Surgical Simulation – 230 work – 281 Environments – 266
A-101
Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Appraisal Requirements for CMMI, Ver- Integration and Application of Human
Simulator for Tracker Performance As- sion 1.2 (ARC, V1.2) – 309 Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: As-
sessment – 314 sessment of Network Centric Warfare
Development and Testing of a Novel Capabilities – 268
Standard Particle for Performance Verifi- Nulling – 54 Joint Service General Purpose Mask
cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec- (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration
tion Systems – 112 High Precision Optical Metrology for (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision
DARWIN – 50 Correction Insert Stability Evalua-
National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. Performance Testing of Marine Human Factors Considerations for Area tion – 261
Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Pro- Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce- Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems
cedures – 68 dures – 11 Analysis Capabilities – 375
Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Robot Research at Stanford Research
Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in. Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution Institute – 340
Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition Domains – 312
Systems Engineering, Acquisition and
in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT):
IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 Achieving the Promise of Human Sys-
Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 108 tems Integration – 264
Multidisciplinary Environments: A History
Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve-
of Engineering Framework Develop-
Contact Microphones – 121 hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based
ment – 317
SYSTEM FAILURES Human Systems Integration Lessons
Performance Results of CMMI-Based Learned – 278
Failure Assessment – 315 Process Improvement – 316
SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT
Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for
Smart Structures and Wavelet Based Sustaining Software-Intensive Sys-
Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) A,
System Identification – 344 tems – 319
Version 1.2: Method Definition Docu-
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS ment – 315 SYSTEMS SIMULATION
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- Strategies to Maintain Combat Readi- University-Industry Relations in Hungary:
sion System for Proteomic Analy- ness during Extended Deployments: A Establishment Scheme of the Budapest
sis – 241 Human Systems Approach – 261 University of Technology and Economics,
Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water System Quality Requirements Engineer- Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286
Systems Analysis – 182 ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study
on Asset Management System – 433 TAKEOFF
Decision Support Methods and
Tools – 387 Systems Engineering, Acquisition and vers – 31
Event-Based Detection of Concur- Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT):
rency – 379 Achieving the Promise of Human Sys- TANKS (CONTAINERS)
tems Integration – 264 Cathodic Protection/Partial Coatings Ver-
NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta- sus Complete Coating in Ballast Tanks-
tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the
Five Year Report – 71
Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 Development Process – 327
NASA Langley Research Center Sys- Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36
gram. Evaluation of New Surface Prepa-
tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate The Apollo Expericence Lessons ration and Coating Repair Techniques in
Participation in the Exploration Systems Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust Ballast Tanks - Phase III – 67
Architecture Study – 459 Management – 458
TARGET ACQUISITION
NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con- The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Computer Exxtimated Probability of De-
cepts Directorate Technology Integrated Human Centric Sys- tection: Can You Hide from a Com-
Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 tem – 267 puter? – 333
NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts
Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory
Directorate Mission and Trade Study
Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Cues About Threat Location on Target
Analysis – 374
Mission – 117 Acquisition and Attention to Visual and
Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Auditory Communications – 117
Analysis Capabilities – 375 SYSTEMS INTEGRATION Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer
SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Pro- An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Test – 149
gram – 148 Analysis – 387
Standard CMMI Appraisal Method for An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys- Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut-
Process Improvement (SCAMPI(SM)) A, tem – 302 ter Scenarios – 85
Version 1.2: Method Definition Docu-
Crew Integration and Automation Tech- Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera-
ment – 315
nologies – 114 tions – 260
SYSTEMS ENGINEERING
Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of TARGET RECOGNITION
A New Conceptual Framework for Net- Structural Protein Units by the Integrated Discrimination Against Partially Overlap-
Centric, Enterprise-Wide, System-of- Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass ping Interference -Its Effect on Through-
Systems Engineering – 386 Spectrometry – 235 put in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Ac-
A Systems Engineering Approach to De- cess Channels – 341
Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP)
sign a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373
Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation Military Space Programs: Issues Con-
An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle for Distributed Sensor Networks and Mis- cerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Pro-
Analysis – 387 sile Seeker Systems – 293 grams – 41
A-102
Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimi- TECHNOLOGIES Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active
nation of Radar Targets – 337 Model Problems in Technologies for In- Noise Control for Hearing Protection and
teroperability: Web Services – 316 Communication – 410
tion – 361 Research and Development of 160 Military Speech Communications over
Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Proto- Vocoders in Tandem – 331
Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor
Discrimination from Dependent Observa- type and Related Technologies – 116 Performance, Capacity and Limitations
tions – 383 Science and Technology Review: of AMSS Communications – 115
Verification of a Decision Level Fusion Spheromak Plasma Heats Up – 398 Public Safety Communications: Policy,
Algorithm Using a Proven ATR System TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT Proposals, Legislation and
and Measured SAR Data – 352 Progress – 119
Information Technology Governance and
TARGETS the Air Force – 325 Vision of the 4G Mobile Tele-
phony – 119
A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Initial Technology Assessment for the En-
Unknown Number of Targets Based on vironmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) TELEMEDICINE
Sensor Performance – 372 System – 152 Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine
A Comparison of Trajectory Determina- NASA Langley Research Center Sys- and Surgical Simulation – 230
tion Approaches for Small UAVs – 22 tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ul-
Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Participation in the Exploration Systems trasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and
Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Architecture Study – 459 Emergency Therapeutics – 247
Disorders – 233 NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con- Games for Health 2005 – 430
At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target cepts Directorate Technology
Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De-
Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies
Technique and First Results – 387 Research and Engineering Information at Remote Military of Native American
Bunch Profiles in RHIC from CNI Pola- Available to the War Fighter – 434 Health Care Facilities – 231
rimeter Target Scans – 407 Results of SEI Independent Research TELEPHONY
Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol and Development Projects and Report
Vision of the 4G Mobile Tele-
Resveratrol – 239 on Emerging Technologies and Technol-
phony – 120
ogy Trends – 296
Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Tar- TELESCOPES
get for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Analysis of the Optical Design for the
Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 Research and Engineering Information
Available to the War Fighter – 434
GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium GLAST Tracker – 446
Chemoprevention of Prostate- Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Ap-
Cancer – 238 proach to Managing Innovation in the LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the
Public Sector – 426 Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Tele-
Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes scope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363
that Regulate Radiation Responses in TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION
Prostate Cancer Cells – 211 NOAO/NSO Newsletter: Issue 87 – 447
Comparison of Communication Architec-
Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An tures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope
MIT Security Studies Program Confer- Systems – 25 Concept and its Applications at Different
ence – 123 Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000
American Naval Power (1923- Km) – 443
Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate
Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Pros- 2005) – 413 The Precision Formation Flying Inte-
tate Cancer – 213 Group Technology/Flow Applications Re- grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58
Sensor Management for Fighter Applica- search (The National Shipbuilding Re- TELEVISION SYSTEMS
tions – 15 search Program) – 260 Electromechanical Television Systems
Video Moving Target Indication in the GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and
Analysts’ Detection Support Sys- Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53 Synthesis – 131
tem – 153 NASA Technologies for Product Identifi- Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecu- cation – 44 1 – 130
lar Target in Breast Cancer – 229 Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- TEMPERATURE CONTROL
XIAP as a Molecular Target for Thera- tonics for Space Applications – 34 Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management
peutic Intervention in Prostate Can- in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28
TELECOMMUNICATION
cer – 209
An Emergency Communications Safety ISS Internal Active Thermal Control Sys-
TASK COMPLEXITY Net: Integrating 911 and Other Ser- tem (IATCS) Coolant Remediation
vices – 119 Project -2006 Update – 80
The Effect of Various Display Modalities
on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Sig- Operator Functional State Assessment
Performance – 266 nals to a Covert Tactile Communication (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle
System in a Dynamic Environ- de i’operateur humain) – 256
TAXONOMY ment – 118 TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION
A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Tax-
Decentralized Control and Decentralized Post Fire Transient Temperature Distri-
onomies – 295
Adaptive Control – 384 bution in Drum Type Packages – 77
TECHNICAL WRITING Human Perception and Objective Delay Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
NRaD Writing and Editorial Guidelines. Evaluation of Multimedia Ser- Observations by the Cassini Infrared
Revision 1 – 439 vices – 429 Spectrometer – 446
A-103
TEMPERATURE EFFECTS TEST FACILITIES Identification of Potential Therapeutic
Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correla- Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast
tions in Jets – 26 Test System at the Outdoor Test Facil- Cancer – 213
Effects of Heat Treatment and Formula- ity – 184 Motivational Interventions to Reduce Al-
tion on the Phase Composition and Environmental Assessment (EA): Pro- cohol Use in a Military Population – 244
Chemical Durability of the EBR-II Ce- posed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegen-
ramic Waste Form – 110 Force Base, Utah – 186 erative Disorders With Mitochondrial
Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si Dysfunction – 228
Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization
Thin Disks – 157 Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil- of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode-
ity – 182 gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
A Research Program on Health, Perfor- PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Pros-
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Small PV Systems Performance Evalua- tate Cancer – 213
TEMPERATURE tion at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Us- Protein Transduction Based Therapies
Examination of the Armagh Observatory ing the PVUSA Power Rating for Breast Cancer – 238
Annual Mean Temperature Record, Method – 175
Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and
1844-2004 – 199 TEST STANDS Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242
TEMPLATES Crew Integration and Automation Tech-
The Clinical Development of Thalildo-
Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si nologies – 115
mide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor
Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem- SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245
plate Layers – 177 Development and Validation Testbed:
Therapy Selection by Gene Profil-
TENSOR ANALYSIS Current Progress and Beyond – 55
ing – 237
TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant
Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations XIAP as a Molecular Target for Thera-
on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor-
and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 peutic Intervention in Prostate Can-
Using Tensor Methods – 356 cer – 209
TETHERED SATELLITES
TENSORS THERMAL ANALYSIS
Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satel-
TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Characterization of Space Shuttle Ther-
lite Formations for the Purpose of Space-
Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations Based Remote Sensing – 41 mal Protection System (TPS) Materials
and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle
Using Tensor Methods – 356 Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Columbia Accident Investigation – 45
Station-Keeping – 35
TERRAIN Thermal Design and Analysis of the
Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36 Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injec-
Web-Based Graphics for Battlespace
Terrain Ownership – 313 tor – 93
TETHERING
TERRESTRIAL PLANETS Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satel- THERMAL COMFORT
An Overview of the Formation and Atti- lite Formations for the Purpose of Space- Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of
tude Control System for the Terrestrial Based Remote Sensing – 41 Wearing New Biological and Chemical
Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer- Self-activating System and Method for Protective Combat Uniforms in
ometer – 54 Alerting When an Object or a Person is MOPP 1 – 276
Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten- Left Unattended – 140 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Com-
Station-Keeping – 35 posite Adhesives – 106
Formation Algorithms and Simulation
Testbed – 444 Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36 Thermal Conductivity of Composites Un-
der Different Heating Scenarios – 420
Formations Near the Libration Points: TEXTS
Design Strategies Using Natural and Adding Numbers to Text Classifica- THERMAL EMISSION
Non-Natural Arcs – 49 tion – 428 Electromagnetic Formation Flight
TERRORISM (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62
THAILAND
Aviation Security-Related Findings and Research and Operational Support for THERMAL ENERGY
Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis- the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant
sion – 7 Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor-
Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas- Thai Government – 213 mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141
THEOREMS THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS
Second Order Behavior of Pattern Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor
Government Activities to Protect the Search – 389 Flow Path and Sampling System – 26
Electric Grid – 181
THERAPY THERMAL EXPANSION
Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat
Activation of Retinold X Receptors by Continued Investigation of Leakage and
Drivers – 70
Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Power Loss Test Results for Competing
Terrorism and its Impact on the Construc- Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Turbine Engine Seals – 162
tion Industry – 168 Prostate Cancer – 206
Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient
The Interagency Security Committee and Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Tar- of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition
Security Standards for Federal Build- get for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction
ings – 167 Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 and Impact – 75
A-104
THERMAL INSULATION Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si TIME DEPENDENCE
A Research Program on Health, Perfor- Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem- An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in plate Layers – 177 Control Policies and the Dynamic
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD Service-Time Performance of a
a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro- Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Man-
THERMAL LENSING
gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet- agement Facility – 12
Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal
Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Data-
Thin Disks – 158 Growth – 183 base Server for High-Assurance Time-
Real-Time Process Monitoring by Critical Applications – 438
THERMAL PROTECTION
P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal
and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide
mal Protection System (TPS) Materials
Epitaxy – 419 Thin Disks – 157
for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle
Columbia Accident Investigation – 45 Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for TIME DISCRIMINATION
PV Packaging – 184 On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimina-
THERMAL RESISTANCE
Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- tion – 361
Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsu- ides and Copolyimides – 75
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS
lant Formulations at NREL – 175 Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumenta- A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for
tion Research and Development at DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128
THERMAL SHOCK
Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a TIME MEASUREMENT
New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec-
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- Characterizing the Impact of Precision
Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary Time and Range Measurements from
Chondrites – 191 bit – 35
Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Net-
Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced THREAT EVALUATION work Differential GPS Position Solu-
Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Brec- Attack Processes Found on the Inter- tions – 125
cia – 456 net – 323
TIME SERIES ANALYSIS
Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post- Development of a Malicious Insider Com- Detecting Periodic Components in a
Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 posite Vulnerability Assessment Method- White Gaussian Time Series – 192
ology – 324
THERMAL STABILITY Near Real-Time Event Detection & Pre-
Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- Development of a Methodology for Cus- diction Using Intelligent Software
ides and Copolyimides – 75 tomizing Insider Threat Auditing on a Agents – 43
Microsoft Windows XP Operating Sys-
THERMAL STRESSES tem – 324 TIME SIGNALS
Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain dur- Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for
Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human
ing Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 Real Time Decomposition of Superposed
Behavior Influence Models – 432
Dislocation Generation by Thermal Radar Signals in the Presence of
Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Noise – 153
Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experi-
Drivers – 70
ments – 183
Supporting Situation Assessment TIMING DEVICES
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES through Attention Guidance: A Cost- Self-activating System and Method for
A Concise Physical Interpretation of Sev- Benefit and Depth of Processing Analy- Alerting When an Object or a Person is
eral Analytical Grueneisen Formula- sis – 259 Left Unattended – 140
tions – 358
THRUST AUGMENTATION TITAN ATMOSPHERE
Thermal Design and Analysis of the Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Aug- Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL
Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injec- mented Rocket Nozzle – 145 Vehicle – 60
tor – 93
Thermal Design and Analysis of the Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
THERMODYNAMICS Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injec- Observations by the Cassini Infrared
Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor tor – 93 Spectrometer – 446
Flow Path and Sampling System – 26
THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN) TITANIUM ALLOYS
THERMOSPHERE the New Paradigm for Booster Rock-
Deformation Microstructure in Beta-
Global Reference Atmospheric Models, ets – 42
Titanium After Deformation at Low Tem-
Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve- THRUSTORS peratures – 102
nus and Earth – 452 Micro-Chemical Monopropellant
Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability
THICKNESS Thruster – 30
and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni
Method and Apparatus for the Portable THRUST Alloys – 63
Identification Of Material Thickness And Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec- Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using tion and Force/Moment Genera- 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99
Spatially Controlled Heat Applica- tion – 32
tion – 113 X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of
THYRISTORS Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti-
THIN FILMS Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor – 141 6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstruc-
High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar TILT ROTOR AIRCRAFT ture (PREPRINT) – 103
Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175 V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft – 20 TITANIUM OXIDES
Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degra- TIME CONSTANT Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor-
dation Studies – 178
Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters: mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar
Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Very Large Time-Constant Cir- Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge
Solar Cells – 179 cuits – 406 Movement – 177
A-105
TITANIUM The Clinical Development of Thalildo- Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con-
Deformation Microstructure in Beta- mide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor trol for Satellite Formations – 443
Titanium After Deformation at Low Tem- Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245 Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun-
peratures – 102 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Gen-
Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating gram. 1987 Ship Production Symposium. eration and Adaptive Full-State Feed-
Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation back Control – 52
Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non- Static Formation Control Using Inter-
TOLERANCES (MECHANICS) Halogenated Polyphosphazene
Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of spacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48
Foam – 68
International Space Station Pressure TRAJECTORY CONTROL
Wall Welds – 167 The Risk Assessment of Occupational
Application of a Relative Motion Guid-
and Environmental Hazards – 272
TOMOGRAPHY ance Algorithm to Formation Reassign-
Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A TOXICOLOGY ment – 59
Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua- NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology Motion Control and Planning for Non-
tion – 147 and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transpla- holonomic Kinematic Chains – 342
cental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in
Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction To- Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in TRAJECTORY PLANNING
mography – 208 Utero Studies) – 65 A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Plan-
TOOLING ning and Obstacle Avoidance With Non-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Holonomic Robots – 389
certainty and Variability in Biological
gram)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic TRANSDUCERS
Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98 Model – 202 Partial and Full Inverse Compensation
TOOTH DISEASES for Hysteresis in Smart Material Sys-
TOXINS AND ANTITOXINS
Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm tems – 129
in Young Permanent Teeth – 244 Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for TRANSFER FUNCTIONS
TOPOLOGY Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Addressing the Requirements for RF
Experiences with a Survey Tool for Dis- Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Photonics – 355
covering Network Time Protocol Serv- mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- TRANSFERRING
ers – 323 ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Protein Transduction Based Therapies
Survival – 219 for Breast Cancer – 238
TORUSES
A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com- Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a TRANSFORMERS
parison with Conventional Sys- Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill- Predicates and Predicate Transformers
tems – 35 ness Resembling Inhalation An- for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event
thrax – 224 Dynamical Systems – 383
TOUCH
Identification and Control of Haptic Sys- TRACE ELEMENTS TRANSITION METALS
tems: A Computational Theory – 350 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post- Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and
Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 Properties of Nanolaminated MAX
Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera-
tions – 260 TRACKING (POSITION) Phases – 139
Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal
TOWED BODIES
Tracking Capability – 387 Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide
Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Fly- Thin Disks – 157
ing Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9 Benchmark Evaluation of Multistatic
Trackers – 413 TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROS-
TOWING COPY
Development of a Silent Tow Sys- Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data
Characterization of Host Phases for Ac-
tem – 409 Simulator for Tracker Performance As-
tinides in Simulated Metallic Waste
sessment – 314
Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Ef- Forms by Transmission Electron Micros-
fects of a Towline Using the Method of Storage Radar – 150 copy – 104
Characteristics – 16 TRAFFIC TRANSMISSION LINES
TOXIC HAZARDS Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bun- A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with
HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assess- dling and Filtration in Large-Scale Dis- Integrated TEM Transmission
ment of Toxic Hazards in Operational tributed Simulations – 136 Lines – 129
Environments – 265 Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier
TRAILING EDGES
Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano- Code-Division Multiple-Access for High-
tubes: Ethical Implications and Human Capacity Optical Networks – 122
tion and Force/Moment Genera-
Risk Assessment – 201 tion – 32 Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hy-
TOXICITY Slotted Aircraft Wing – 23
Optical Signals – 122
TRAINING SIMULATORS New Perspectives for Power Transmis-
Soluble Extracts Protect Against
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures Contract Management: Service Contract sion in the European Liberalized Electric-
From Rat Forebrain – 223 Approach to Aircraft Simulator Training ity Market and Possible Role of Four-
Has Room for Improvement – 32 Phase Systems – 132
Initial Technology Assessment for the En-
vironmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB) TRAJECTORIES Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41
System – 152 A Comparison of Trajectory Determina- TRANSMISSION LOSS
tion Approaches for Small UAVs – 22
Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano- Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic
tubes: Ethical Implications and Human Development and Validation of Reentry Range of Linearized Directional Coupler
Risk Assessment – 201 Simulation Using MATLAB – 390 Modulators – 136
A-106
TRANSMISSIVITY TROUGHS Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
Magnetic Field Response Sensor For Development and Testing of a Power 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99
Conductive Media – 140 Trough System Using a Structurally-
TURBINE ENGINES
Efficient, High-Performance, Large-
TRANSMITTER RECEIVERS Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 358
Self-activating System and Method for Reflector and Focal Point Rota- Continued Investigation of Leakage and
Alerting When an Object or a Person is tion – 180 Power Loss Test Results for Competing
Left Unattended – 140 Turbine Engine Seals – 161
TRUSSES
TRANSPARENCE Manufacture and Experimental Analysis TURBINES
Combinatorial Exploration of Novel of a Concentrated Strain Based Deploy- Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi- able Truss Structure – 33 Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
als – 179 ings – 161
TSUNAMI WAVES
High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation En-
Propagation and Impact Damage in gine With a Turbine – 28
the USA – 432
(AION) – 114 TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENES Physical Look on Economic and Finance
Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar- Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor
ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95 Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 TURBOCOMPRESSORS
Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres- Active Control of Compressor Stall incep-
TRANSPLANTATION tion: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Ap-
sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can-
The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant proach – 148
cer – 227
Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri-
Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System
mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 TUMORS Instability With Application to Axial Flow
TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT CTL - Tumor Cell Interaction: The Gen- Compressors – 343
Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program – 9 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Com-
Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu
Peptide Complex – 247 pressors: A Parametric Study – 146
TRANSPORTATION
Commercial Orbital Transportation Ser- Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Com-
vices (COTS) Demonstrations – 46 Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth pressors: A Parametric Study – 148
Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 TURBOGENERATORS
Drivers – 70 GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium Fission Surface Power for the Explora-
Chemoprevention of Prostate- tion and Colonization of Mars – 175
TRENDS
Cancer – 238
National Security Space Policy in the TURBOMACHINERY
U.S. and Europe. Trends and Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma-
Choices – 34 and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu- chinery Airfoils – 142
mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can-
TRIBOLOGY cer – 210 TURBULENCE
Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions
Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization
Properties of Nanolaminated MAX from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in
of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode-
Phases – 139 Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular
gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245
Clouds – 448
TRITIUM Regulation of p53 Activity by Reversible-
Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef- Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correla-
Acetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppres-
fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves- tions in Jets – 26
sion – 206
sels – 77 Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub-
The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in
Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu-
Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207
Prediction – 77 sion Flames – 146
Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecu-
TRMM SATELLITE lar Target in Breast Cancer – 229
tiphase Turbulent Model of the
Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am-
TUNABLE FILTERS
Ground Validation for TRMM and munition Primer – 147
GPM – 200 Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF
for Remotely Controlling Lambda- TURBULENT COMBUSTION
TROPICAL REGIONS Paths – 127
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu-
TUNING
Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- sion Flames – 146
FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans- General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain
port and Entrainment using Observations Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie TURBULENT DIFFUSION
and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252
Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu-
Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulon- Biomagnetic Interfacing Con- sion Flames – 146
imbus Clouds – 195 cepts – 259
TURBULENT FLOW
Research and Operational Support for Shape Representation in V4: Investigat- Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning
the Study of Military Relevant Infectious ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound- Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Pre-
Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal ary Confirmation with the Standard mixed Flames – 353
Thai Government – 213 Model of Object Recognition – 252
Role of Deep Convection in Establishing TURBINE BLADES tiphase Turbulent Model of the
the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am-
in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Flow Path and Sampling System – 26 munition Primer – 147
A-107
TYROSINE Research and Operational Support for UROLOGY
cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Co- the Study of Military Relevant Infectious ATM Heterozygosity and the Develop-
operate With Estrogen to Promote Estro- Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal ment of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dys-
gen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquiti- Thai Government – 213 function and Urinary Morbidity Following
nation and Proteolysis in ER Negative Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Ap- Radiotherapy for Prostate Can-
Breast Cancers – 251 proach to Managing Innovation in the cer – 238
ULTRAHIGH FREQUENCIES Public Sector – 426 Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for The Interagency Security Committee and
DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 Security Standards for Federal Build- continence After Prostate Cancer
ings – 167 Spray – 209
ULTRASONICS
Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in USER MANUALS (COMPUTER PRO-
Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ul- GRAMS)
trasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and the USA – 432
User Manual for EXPRESS, the
Emergency Therapeutics – 247 UNIVERSITIES ‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation
Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De- Report of Visit to the Public Health Col- Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30,
tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb- 2006 – 283
at Remote Military of Native American ruary 22-25, 1961 – 220 USER REQUIREMENTS
Health Care Facilities – 231
Results of SEI Independent Research Spiral System Implementation Methodol-
Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction To- and Development Projects and Report ogy: Application of the Knowledge Web
mography – 208 on Emerging Technologies and Technol- and Network-Centric Best Prac-
ogy Trends – 296 tices – 384
ULTRAVIOLET ABSORPTION
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors UNIX (OPERATING SYSTEM) V-22 AIRCRAFT
for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft – 20
monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp- Parallel Computing – 286 VACCINES
haust Streams – 419 UNMANNED GROUND VEHICLES Cloning, Expression, and Purification of
Vision Based Localization in Urban Envi- Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro-
ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION ronments – 156 teins – 254
The Inherent Visible Light Signature of Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine In-
an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light UNSTEADY FLOW
ducer – 249
Source Due to Combined Raman and Active Control of Compressor Stall incep-
Fluorescence Effects – 415 tion: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Ap- Novel Antigen Identification Method for
proach – 148 Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En-
Individual Water Purification De- Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
vices – 402 in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 nome – 224
ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
Orbiting Retrievable Far and Extreme Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra- cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
Ultraviolet Spectrometer - Shuttle Pallet tors – 1
Satellite (ORFEUS-SPAS) – 447 Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Com- the Study of Military Relevant Infectious
pressors: A Parametric Study – 146 Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal
UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS
Development of a Silent Tow Sys- Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Com- Thai Government – 213
tem – 409 pressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects
Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module Against Monkeypox – 228
UNDERWATER VEHICLES
for Rocket Engine and Propulsion Sys- Update on the Clinical Development of
High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and tem Simulations – 145
Control of an Autonomous Underwater Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224
Vehicle – 395 UPSTREAM VACUUM APPARATUS
A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza-
UNITED STATES
Activities with Diverse Stakehold- tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec-
Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: ers – 310
9/11 Commission Recommendations tronic Devices – 434
and Related Issues – 260 URANIUM COMPOUNDS VACUUM SYSTEMS
Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: HOM Effects in Vacuum System with
Border Patrol – 150 CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role Short Bunches – 397
Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Optical and Mechanical Properties of
Mission – 430 URANIUM OXIDES Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159
GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Posi- Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois:
VACUUM
tion in Space – 46 CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role
in Gulf War Illness – 250 Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Va-
Home Computers and Internet Use in the uum Decay – 397
USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Cur- URANIUM Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza-
rent Population Reports – 120 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec-
CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role tronic Devices – 434
Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial
Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 VANADIUM ALLOYS
Information Technology (IT) Manage- UREILITES Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability
ment: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post- and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni
Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430 Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 Alloys – 64
A-108
Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI- Effect of the Forearm Tissue Tempera- Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environ-
6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99 ture on the Cold Induced Vasodila- ment for Dynamic Testing of Struc-
tion – 198 tures – 448
VAPOR DEPOSITION
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow Smart Structures and Wavelet Based
tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard System Identification – 344
the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 Duty – 257 Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera-
Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to tions – 260
Materials Processing Technology – 91 Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242
VIDEO COMMUNICATION
Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD VECTOR ANALYSIS Fast Video Stabilization Algo-
a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro- A New Biologically Motivated Framework rithms – 361
gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet- for Robust Object Recognition – 334 Using Videos Derived from Simulations
ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware-
VECTOR MESONS
Growth – 183 ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279
Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi
VAPOR PHASE EPITAXY + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422 VIDEO SIGNALS
Real-Time Process Monitoring by Video Moving Target Indication in the
P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION
Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution Analysts’ Detection Support Sys-
and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase tem – 153
Epitaxy – 420 in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster
(Preprint) – 405 VIOLENCE
VAPOR PHASES
Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti- Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduc-
The Exploration Water Recovery Sys- tion Systems for Family Maltreatment,
mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196
tem – 442 Suicidality, and Substance Problems in
VENTILATION FANS the USAF – 257
VAPORIZING
An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa-
On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida- Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the
coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca-
tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to
pabilities for Installed Cooling
Sprays – 84 Characterize Violence with Varying Con-
Fans – 408
VAPORS finement – 76
VENUS ATMOSPHERE
Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surro- VIRTUAL REALITY
Global Reference Atmospheric Models,
gate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys-
Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve-
Protective Uniforms – 115 tem – 302
Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Localization Performance of Real and
Materials Processing Technology – 91 VERBAL COMMUNICATION Virtual Sound Sources – 21
Comment ameliorer la selection et le
Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface traitement des messages verbaux? (How Swedish Projects – 11
Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Com- to Improve the Selection and Processing Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey
plex Radioactive High Level Radioactive of Verbal Messages) – 121 Project - Canada – 337
Waste – 97
VERTICAL LANDING Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337
VARIABILITY
Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL VIRUSES
Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Vehicle – 60
Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
Dehydrated Rats – 87 Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocop- vidual Water Purification Devices – 231
ter Garmisch 2005’ – 23
Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Siz- Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of
ing – 279 VERTICAL TAKEOFF Structural Protein Units by the Integrated
Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass
Vehicle – 60 Spectrometry – 235
certainty and Variability in Biological
Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology
VERY HIGH FREQUENCIES
Model – 202 and Carcinogenesis Studies of Transpla-
Advanced Propagation Model (APM) cental AZT (CAS No. 30516-87-1) in
VARIABLE STARS Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern Swiss (CD-1(Trade Name)) Mice (in
The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the California Desert – 196 Utero Studies) – 65
HST/STIS – 442
VIBRATION Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
VARIABLE SWEEP WINGS A Systems Engineering Approach to De- cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined sign a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373 Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects
Wing Scissor Morphing – 2 Against Monkeypox – 228
Detecting Periodic Components in a
VARIANCE (STATISTICS) White Gaussian Time Series – 192
VISCOPLASTICITY
Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste- Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma- Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Model-
water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive chinery Airfoils – 142 ling of Textured Metals and Validation
Principal Component Analysis – 376 Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact
Optimization of Training Sets For Neural-
VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLES Net Processing of Characteristic Pat- Test – 99
GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for terns From Vibrating Solids – 340 VISION
Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53 Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory
VASODILATION Based Control of Transverse Beam Vi- Cues About Threat Location on Target
brations: Experimental Implementa- Acquisition and Attention to Visual and
Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of
tion – 403 Auditory Communications – 117
Individuals by using Conventional and
Unconventional Methods Based on Ob- Shock and Vibration Bulletin. No. Trainable Videorealistic Speech Anima-
servation of CIVD Reactivity – 258 5 – 428 tion – 153
A-109
VISUAL FIELDS WAKEFULNESS Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring
Attentional Selection for Object Recogni- Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are System (TAO ITS) – 308
tion - A Gentle Way – 341 Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and
the Operational Environment – 264 Readiness – 273
VISUAL OBSERVATION
Visual Reference Standards for Weld (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Wireless Sensor Network Applications
Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 Combination for Maintaining Alertness for the Combat Air Forces – 8
and Performance in a Context of Con-
VISUAL PERCEPTION tinuous Operations) – 269 WARHEADS
Computer Exxtimated Probability of De- Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science
Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain
tection: Can You Hide from a Com- Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra-
puter? – 333 tors – 2
ment – 272
Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer WARNING SYSTEMS
The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain
Test – 149 Components for Cooperative Intrusion
Physical and Cognitive Function during
Visual Perception, Flight Performance, Continuous Operations – 274 Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environ-
and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- ments – 317
tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Design and Evaluation of Warning
Readiness – 273
Wake: Implications for Automated Work- Sounds in Frigate Control Cen-
load Control Systems as Fatigue Man- Visual Perception, Flight Performance, tres – 410
agement Tools – 267 and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Evaluation of the Quality of an Informa-
VISUAL STIMULI Wake: Implications for Automated Work- tion Security Management Sys-
A New Biologically Motivated Framework load Control Systems as Fatigue Man- tem – 289
for Robust Object Recognition – 334 agement Tools – 267 Self-activating System and Method for
A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu- WALLS Alerting When an Object or a Person is
tations and Circuits in the Feedforward Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of Left Unattended – 140
Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate International Space Station Pressure WASTE DISPOSAL
Visual Cortex – 251 Wall Welds – 167 Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past
Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Method and Apparatus for the Portable Production of Nuclear Weapons: Back-
Cues About Threat Location on Target Identification Of Material Thickness And ground and Issues for Congress – 186
Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Screening Evaluations for Upland Con-
Auditory Communications – 117 Spatially Controlled Heat Applica- fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual-
Object Recognition with Features In- tion – 113 ity – 84
spired by Visual Cortex – 332 WAR GAMES WASTE WATER
VOCODERS Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to Applications of Layered Double Hydrox-
Extension of ITU-T Recommendation an Existing Training Simulation – 332 ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil
P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater.
Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 Without Programmers – 309 Final Report – 87
Military Speech Communications over WARFARE Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste-
Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Application of the Strategic Alignment water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive
Model and Information Technology Gov- Principal Component Analysis – 376
Objective Measurement of the Speech
Transmission Quality of Vocoders by ernance Concepts to Support Network Fluidized Bed Biodenitrification Pro-
Means of the Speech Transmission In- Centric Warfare – 323 cess – 86
dex – 331 Building SASO Wargaming Simulations The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
VOICE COMMUNICATION Without Programmers – 309 gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality
Course Curriculum Development for the Pollution Prevention and Control Tech-
Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory nology Used in Shipyards and Similar
Cues About Threat Location on Target Future Cyberwarrior – 431
Industries – 435
Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Af-
Auditory Communications – 117 ghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. WATER COLOR
Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean
Sound – 19 Army Institute of Research Land Combat Color and Aerosol Products – 201
Study – 277 WATER FLOW
Military Speech Communications over
Vocoders in Tandem – 331 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models
CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role for Groundwater Flow and Trans-
Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for in Gulf War Illness – 250 port – 352
Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational
Flights: A Human Factors Ap- Integration and Application of Human Simulation of Selected Ground-Water
proach – 10 Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: As- Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and
sessment of Network Centric Warfare Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 142
VOLCANOLOGY Capabilities – 268
WATER HEATING
Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten- Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water
tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 MIT Security Studies Program Confer- Systems Analysis – 182
VULNERABILITY ence – 123
WATER POLLUTION
A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Tax- Research and Engineering Information
onomies – 295 Available to the War Fighter – 434
Development of a Malicious Insider Com- Scalability, Accountability and Instant In- Pollution Prevention and Control Tech-
posite Vulnerability Assessment Method- formation Access for Network-Centric nology Used in Shipyards and Similar
ology – 324 Warfare – 293 Industries – 436
A-110
WATER QUALITY Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Weapons Acquisition: DOD Should
Screening Evaluations for Upland Con- Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Strengthen Policies for Assessing Tech-
fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual- Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 169 nical Data Needs to Support Weapon
ity – 84 Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Systems – 17
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol- WEAR
gram. Survey of Air and Water Quality Water Mixtures – 82 Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
Pollution Prevention and Control Tech- Operator Functional State Assessment 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 100
nology Used in Shipyards and Similar (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle WEATHER FORECASTING
Industries – 435 de i’operateur humain) – 256 New Technologies for Reducing Aviation
WATER RECLAMATION Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 Weather-Related Accidents – 24
The Exploration Water Recovery Sys- WAVE EQUATIONS The Continuous Ranked Probability
tem – 442 A Computational Model for Sound Field Score for Circular Variables and its Appli-
WATER TREATMENT Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble
6) – 134 Verification – 358
Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use
of Individual Water Purification De- WAVE GENERATION WRSM Operations Concept – 200
vices – 89 High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen- WEATHERING
Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon-
vidual Water Purification Devices – 231 by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of drites – 189
BBELF Turbulence – 417
Electrochemically Generated Oxidant Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK
Disinfection in the Use of Individual Wa- WAVE PROPAGATION Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications
ter Purification Devices – 89 Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and
Paths into the Human Head – 410 Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189
Filtration in the Use of Individual Water
Purification Devices – 88 High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave WEATHER
Propagation and Impact Damage in A New Approach for Radiometric Cross
Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride
vidual Water Purification Devices – 89 Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom-
(AION) – 114 eters – 112
Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Measurement of the Propagation Con- New Techniques in Space Weather Fore-
Individual Water Purification De- stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic casting – 40
vices – 402 Array (Preprint) – 137
WEIGHTLESSNESS
WATER VAPOR Propagation of Detonation Waves in
Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environ-
Role of Deep Convection in Establishing Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust
ment for Dynamic Testing of Struc-
the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor Tube – 27
tures – 448
in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilib-
rium Air Plasma – 415 WELD STRENGTH
The Exploration Water Recovery Sys-
tem – 442 WAVEFORMS gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
WATER WAVES Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the
Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Technology – 159 Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored
Transformation – 377 WAVEGUIDES Arc Welding Electrodes – 102
Wave Climate and Wave Response, Measurement of the Propagation Con- WELDABILITY
Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Pro-
Hawaii, Hawaii – 385 Array (Preprint) – 137 duced by Advanced Metallurical Pro-
WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING cesses (The National Shipbuilding Re-
WATERSHEDS search Program) – 98
Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima Advanced Lightpath Establishment for
in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 Distributed Computing – 317 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA
Steels – 102
WAVELET ANALYSIS
WATER
Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in WELDED JOINTS
Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water H2(II+) – 396
Soluble Extracts Protect Against Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact International Space Station Pressure
From Rat Forebrain – 223 Signals Based on Wavelet Decomposi- Wall Welds – 167
tions – 345 An Experimental and Computational In-
Identification of Infinite Dimensional Sys- vestigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture
of Individual Water Purification De-
tems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Net- in Stainless Steel Welds – 103
vices – 89
works – 338 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
Smart Structures and Wavelet Based gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
vidual Water Purification Devices – 231
System Identification – 344 Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the
Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored
Systems Analysis – 182 Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Arc Welding Electrodes – 101
Classification – 438
Dynamics and Suppression Effective- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in WEAPON SYSTEMS gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Non-Premixed Counterflow Critical Technology Events in the Devel- Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
Flames – 87 opment of the Stinger and Javelin Missile Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints
Systems: Project Hindsight Revis- Evaluation and Improvements – 101
Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and ited – 441 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129 gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98
A-111
Visual Reference Standards for Weld WIND DIRECTION WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from Source Authentication for Multicast in
WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 196 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 318
WELDED STRUCTURES
Novel Techniques and Their Applications Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me- Wireless Sensor Network Applications
for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of teorological Parameters STS-1 Through for the Combat Air Forces – 8
Welded Structures (The National Ship- STS-107 – 193
WIRE
building Research Program) – 163 Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti- Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal
mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in.
WELDING
WIND EFFECTS Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition
in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes
Welding Databases to Improve Ship- Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frost-
IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for
building Production (The National Ship- bite during Exposure to Cold
Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 109
building Research Program) – 164 Winds – 197
WOOD
Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA WIND (METEOROLOGY)
Steels – 102 Qualification Testing for Clipless Seal
Used on 3/4 Banding, 40 in. x 48 in.
High Strength Steels Produced by Ad- mate Ocean Wind Fields – 197
Wood Pallet With .50 Caliber Ammunition
vanced Metallurgical Processes (The WIND TUNNEL TESTS in M2 Metal Boxes in Wire Bound Boxes
National Shipbuilding Research Pro- A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined IAW MIL-STD-1660, ‘Design Criteria for
gram) – 100 Wing Scissor Morphing – 2 Ammunition Unit Loads’ – 109
Novel Techniques and Their Applications WORKLOADS (PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY)
WIND TUNNELS
for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of Cognitive Performance in Operational
Welded Structures (The National Ship- An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC
Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133 Environments – 266
Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload
Soviet Technique for Estimating Post- WIND VELOCITY
Analysis – 6
Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from
(The National Shipbuilding Research WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 196 (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant
Program) – 162 Combination for Maintaining Alertness
Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me- and Performance in a Context of Con-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- teorological Parameters STS-1 Through tinuous Operations) – 269
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, STS-107 – 193
Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Long-Distance Government Flights - A
Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti- Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat
Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Sorties? – 262
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- WING FLAPS
gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 Medical Personnel Motivation in One In-
Experimental Investigation of the Aerody- ternational Mission – 274
Tracking System for Automatic Welding. namic Ground Effect of a Tailless
Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing
Life for Through-the-Arc Welding Sys- Flaps – 2
tem – 163
WINGLETS tory Fitness – 262
WHALES Performance Analysis of a Wing With Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for
Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Im- Multiple Winglets – 3 Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational
pact Models – 412 Flights: A Human Factors Ap-
WINGS
proach – 10
WHITE NOISE A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined
Wing Scissor Morphing – 2 Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for De-
and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
tecting Incipient Instability – 129 Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi- tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous
On the Effects of the Initial Condition in span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
State Estimation for Discrete-Time Lin- NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
ear Systems – 339 nel – 1 agement Tools – 267
WIDE AREA NETWORKS Experimental Investigation of the Aerody- WORLD WIDE WEB
namic Ground Effect of a Tailless eReadiness of Business Pro-
A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing
Services Toward Ubiquitous Environ- cesses – 287
Flaps – 2
ments – 324 Model Problems in Technologies for In-
Performance Analysis of a Wing With teroperability: Web Services – 316
Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Multiple Winglets – 3
Distributed Computing – 317 X RAY ASTRONOMY
Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon-
Efficiently Distributing Component- Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for Design and Performance of the Soft
Based Applications Across Wide-Area Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im- Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis-
Environments – 295 pact Damage Thresholds – 78 sion – 450
How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 X RAY DETECTORS
Networks – 328 Design and Performance of the Soft
WINTER Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis-
Scalability, Accountability and Instant In-
formation Access for Network-Centric A Research Program on Health, Perfor- sion – 450
Warfare – 293 mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 X RAY SOURCES
WIGGLER MAGNETS Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag-
Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard ing System – 287
Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 Duty – 257 Roentgen Satellite (ROSAT) – 448
A-112
X RAY TELESCOPES Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet YARNS
Design of the GNC System for a New with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon
Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele- X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79
scope – 414 Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti-
Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstruc- YIELD STRENGTH
Orbit – 55 ture (PREPRINT) – 103 Evaluation of the Benefits of HSLA
Steels – 102
X RAY TIMING EXPLORER XENON
X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Xenon Feed System Progress – 93 ZINC SELENIDES
Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of XYLENE Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal
X-ray Activity – 450 Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha- Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide
nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo- Thin Disks – 158
X RAYS
sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea
Digital Radiography – 407 ZINC
Pigs – 66
Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A YAG LASERS Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for
Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua- Underwater Service (The National Ship-
Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral
tion – 147 building Research Program) – 71
Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays continence After Prostate Cancer Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Func-
Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 Spray – 209 tion in Prostate Cells – 211
A-113
Personal Author Index
AbadiadeBarbara, Hernandez Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During Achterberg, R. K.
Medical Personnel Motivation in One In- Station-Keeping – 35 Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
ternational Mission – 274 Abel, Amy Observations by the Cassini Infrared
Spectrometer – 446
Abbas, M. M. Government Activities to Protect the
Photoelectric Emission Measurements Electric Grid – 181 Ackerman, A. S.
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the
Abel, Sharon M
Grains – 450 Tops of High-Altitude Tropical Cumulon-
Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Canadian imbus Clouds – 195
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Military Personnel – 187
Observations by the Cassini Infrared Ackerman, Andrew S.
Spectrometer – 446 Abel, Tom
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective
SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
Abbott, Terence S. Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Roadmap Presentation – 48 port and Entrainment using Observations
Participate in Merging and Spacing of
Abelev, Andrei V and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
Aircraft – 4
Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft Role of Deep Convection in Establishing
Abdelzaher, Tarek F Sediments: Experimental Evidence and the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor
ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture Predictions – 365 in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195
for Feedback Control of Software Perfor-
mance – 296 Abelev, Andrei Acker-Mills, Barbara
A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and
Abdollahian, Mark Prediction – 365 Contact Microphones – 121
Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula-
tion Model – 314 Abendin, Kazi Sarwar Ackleh, A S
Physical Layer Technologies/Optical Sig- A Finite Difference Approximation for a
Abe, T. nal Processing – 125 Coupled System of Nonlinear Size-
Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) Structured Populations – 353
Abens, S
Development of a Ship Service Fuel Adams, Catherine A.
Interaction in Astronomical Environ-
ment – 449 Cell – 181 Human Factors Considerations for Area
Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce-
Abed, E H Abiecunas, J. dures – 11
Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36 Economic, Energy, and Environmental
Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in Adams, Ian S
Abed, Eyad H California. Report for May 2005 to April Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from
Active Control of Compressor Stall incep- 2006 – 174 WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195
tion: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Ap- Abot, Esteban Adams, J. H., Jr.
proach – 148
Novel Antigen Identification Method for Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif-
Application of Center Manifold Reduction Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard
to System Stabilization – 392 by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En- from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461
Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
Adams, M. L.
Systems – 385 nome – 224
Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discreti-
Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for De- Abot, S zation of the Diffusion Equation for Arbi-
tecting Incipient Instability – 129 Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac- trary Polyhedral Grids – 290
cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
Families of Liapunov Functions for Non- Adams, Swann A
linear Systems in Critical Cases – 369 Abraham, Jerrold L Co-Occurrence of Diabetes and Breast
Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro- Cancer Among Women by Ethnic-
Feedback Control of Bifurcation and gram – 240 ity – 209
Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359
Abramczyk, G. A. Adams, T. M.
General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re- Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability
bility of Parametrized Families of Matri-
placement for the 6M Specification Pack- and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni
ces and Polynomials – 392
age – 76 Alloys – 63
Abramson, Mark A Adelstein, J.
ear Systems with an Uncontrollable Criti-
cal Mode – 393 Pattern Search Methods in the Presence Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si
of Degeneracy – 362 PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating
Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Com- Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil-
pressors: A Parametric Study – 146 Second Order Behavior of Pattern ity – 182
Search – 389
Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Com- Small PV Systems Performance Evalua-
pressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Abuert, B. tion at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Us-
Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of- Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime ing the PVUSA Power Rating
Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation to eta prime K* – 397 Method – 175
Control – 31 Abu-Shama, J. Adomaitis, Raymond A
On Stabilization with a Prescribed Re- Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Com-
gion of Asymptotic Stability – 392 Solar Cells – 179 pressors: A Parametric Study – 146
B-1
Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Com- OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Allen, Ronald J.
pressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy Station-Keeping Requirements for Astro-
and Plan Worksheets – 319 nomical Imaging with Constellations of
Afsari, Bijan
Albin, D. S. Free-Flying Collectors – 55
Gradient Flow Based Matrix Joint Diago-
nalization for Independent Component Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degra- Allen, Ron
Analysis – 389 dation Studies – 178 SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR
Alburty, David S Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science
Agnes, Job
Roadmap Presentation – 48
Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis- Development and Testing of a Novel
sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence Standard Particle for Performance Verifi- Alsing, P M
after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec- Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica-
tion Systems – 112 tions – 33
Ahmad, Khalil
Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from Alexander, M A Altenburg, D.
WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 Polymorphous Computing Architecture Charm Spectroscopy at BABAR – 421
(PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements
Ahroon, William on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 Altendorf, Eric
Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn-
Contact Microphones – 121 Alexandrov, Natalia M. ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data-
Decision Support Methods and Poor Domains – 330
Ahuja, Vineet Tools – 387
Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Altenkirch, Robert A
Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Alfriend, Kyle T. Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl-
Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate- inders in Forced and Natural Flows and
gies – 53 Microgravity – 141
Ainsworth, Robert J.
Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu- Algar, Chris Ames, Bruce N
vers – 30 Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Zinc Deficiency and Microtubule Func-
Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua- tion in Prostate Cells – 211
Ainsworth, T L tion – 147
A Comparison of Change Detection Sta- Ames, R
tistics in POLSAR Images – 314 Alharbi, Mohammed A Performance Analysis of a Wing With
Fast Video Stabilization Algo- Multiple Winglets – 3
Alazard, Daniel rithms – 361
Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Amidan, Brett G.
Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying Alhorn, Dean C. Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu-
Framework – 58 Motor Controller System For Large Dy- vers – 30
namic Range of Motor Operation – 165 Amir, Yair
Alberts, Chris
Defining Incident Management Pro- Alhossaini, Maher A Scalability, Accountability and Instant In-
cesses for CSIRTs: A Work in Computing Trust from Revision His- formation Access for Network-Centric
Progress – 322 tory – 435 Warfare – 293
Allan, James Amoroso, Paul J
Alberts, Christopher
Combining Evidence from Homologous The Human Volunteer in Military Bio-
OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Ver-
Datasets – 437 medical Research (Military Medical Eth-
sion 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Work-
ics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241
sheets for Systems – 320 Alleman, J. L.
Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Amzajerdian, Farzin
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduc- Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi- Improving Reliability of High Power
tion to OCTAVE-S – 321 als – 179 Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Allen, Carl C.
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example Anaya, Elizabeth
Shoemaker Crater-Going Where We
Scenario – 318 Can ‘See’ – 451 Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira
Infections in Andean Northern
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Allen, Carl Peru – 218
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Prepara- Stardust Sample: Investigator’s Guide-
tion Guidance – 321 Anderberg, M.
book – 444
Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Allen, Carlton C.
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Andersen, Bill
Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and
Guidelines – 321 Knowledge Representation in PARKA.
Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitabil-
Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation ity of Ancient Mars – 458
hancements – 337
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organiza-
Allen, James Anderson, K D
tional Worksheets – 320
Incremental Parsing with Reference In- Advanced Propagation Model (APM)
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation teraction – 341 Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical
Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference California Desert – 196
Asset Worksheets for Information – 320
Resolution – 381 Anderson, Murray B
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow A Comparison of Trajectory Determina-
Asset Worksheets for Applica- Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336 tion Approaches for Small UAVs – 22
tions – 319 Allen, Phillip A. Anderson, William
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Advanced Damage Tolerance Analysis of Joint Capabilities and System-of-System
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical International Space Station Pressure Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution
Asset Worksheets for People – 319 Wall Welds – 167 Domains – 312
B-2
Andrews, Anthony Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub
Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past With Application to Flexible Manufactur- sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar
Production of Nuclear Weapons: Back- ing Systems – 382 c) Production Near Square root of s+
ground and Issues for Congress – 186 Araujo, Joao 10.6 GeV – 422
Ankersen, F. Design and Implementation of Optimal Austin, John K
GNC System for the Deployment and Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa- Final Environmental Assessment for the
Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying rated Space Interferometry – 442 Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air
Interferometer – 443 Arbinger, Christian Force Base, New Mexico – 14
Annamalai, K. Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con- Austin, M A
Development of All-Solid-State Sensors trol for Satellite Formations – 443 Structural Optimization in a Distributed
for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am- Arcara, Phil Computing Environment – 382
monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp- NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con- Austin, Mark
tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex- cepts Directorate Technology Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body
haust Streams – 419 Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Systems – 364
Annaswamy, Anurudha M Arevalo-Herrera, Myriam Avila, Nuno
Identification and Control of Haptic Sys- Update on the Clinical Development of Design and Implementation of Optimal
tems: A Computational Theory – 350 Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa-
Ano, V. Arledge, Thomas K. rated Space Interferometry – 442
System of Nanosecond 280-kevV- Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi- Axelrad, Penina
He(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418 span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric
Anttonen, Hannu NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- Orbits Using Linearized Equations of
A Research Program on Health, Perfor- nel – 1 Relative Motion – 54
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Arora, Shilpi Ayala, Victor
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Identification of New EGR1 Target Genes Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects
Anwar, A F that Regulate Radiation Responses in Against Monkeypox – 228
Prostate Cancer Cells – 211
Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Het- Azofra-Garcia, J.
erojunction Field Effect Transistors and Arves, Joe
Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold
its Implications – 136 Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Ve-
Environments – 270
hicles – 47
Aoyama, Tomonori
Asal, Nabih R Azzellino, Arianna
Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst
Switching/Optical Access Net- Study of Prostate Cancer Screening and Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal
Mortality in Black and White Men in the Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In-
work – 281
Five Atlanta Area SEER Counties – 208 teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea-
Apostolova, T tures – 411
Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica- Ashburn, Chris
Turbulence and mountain wave condi- Babushok, V
tions – 33
tions observed with an airborne 2-micron Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and
Appleman, Bernard R lidar – 24 Blends of Inert and Catalytic
National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Agents – 91
gram. Performance Testing of Marine Asher, S.
Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Bacelli, Francois
Coatings: New Test and Evaluation Pro-
Analysis PV Research – 179 Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering
cedures – 68
and Associated Random Vari-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Ashiabor, Senanu ables – 362
gram. Combined Abrasive Recycling and NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta-
Containment - Final Report With Sum- tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Bacon, D J
mary and Conclusions – 67 Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
Appleton, William Astafleva, Marina
Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of Fossil Microorganisms in Ar- Bacsa, Laszlo
Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small chaean – 168 University-Industry Relations in Hungary:
Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Opera- Athans, Michael Establishment Scheme of the Budapest
tions Task 3.84.4 – 72 University of Technology and Economics,
Robust Stochastic Adaptive Con-
Apte, Aruna U trol – 349
Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286
Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case Attia, Sylvain
Study: AEGIS Microwave Power Bai, Feng
An Overview of CNES Strategy and Ac-
Tubes – 134 tivities on Formation Flying – 57 Suppression of Prostate Cancer by
PTEN and p18INK4c – 218
Arai, Nahoko Aubert, B.
A Study for Technology of Controlling Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g Baik, Hojong
Next-Generation Backbone Net- K+K+K- – 420 NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta-
work – 125 tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM)
Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields Compared with Other Forecasts – 5
Arapostathis, Aristotle D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o)
Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422 Bailey, David
Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme
for a Partially Observed Controlled Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Tax-
Markov Chain – 357 + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422 onomies – 295
Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro- Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi Bailey, Larry
cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in A Human Factors Review of the Opera-
Survey – 369 BaBar – 401 tional Error Literature – 5
B-3
Bailey, Matt Banerjee, Partha P Banks, Scott A.
Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propa- Prevention of Prostate Cancer by Inositol A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag-
gation and Global Modeling – 194 Hexaphosphate – 230 ing System – 287
Bailey, Susan Banker, John G Bannochie, C. J.
Screening Evaluations for Upland Con- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Analytical Results of DWPF Glass
fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual- gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium Sample Taken During Filling of Canister
ity – 84 Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum S01913: Summary Report – 105
Bailey, T. S. Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft)
Bao, Xinlong
Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discreti- Patrol Boat – 101
KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn-
zation of the Diffusion Equation for Arbi-
Banker, John ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data-
trary Polyhedral Grids – 290
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Poor Domains – 330
Bajd, Tadej gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Baranick, Michael
Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard
1 – 130 Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula-
Evaluation and Improvements – 101 tion Model – 314
Bajrovic, Fajko
Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat- Baras, J S
Banks, H T
ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Identification of Infinite Dimensional Sys-
A Computational Model for Sound Field
tems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Net-
Baker, David A Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision
works – 338
DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Data- 6) – 134
base Server for High-Assurance Time- A Finite Difference Approximation for a Baras, John S
Critical Applications – 438 Coupled System of Nonlinear Size- A Continuous-Time Distributed Version
Baker, Eva L Structured Populations – 353 of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing
Problem – 341
CRESST Human Performance Knowl- Analysis of Bonded Elastic
edge Mapping System – 302 Blocks – 110 Barate, R.
Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Com- Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g
Performance: Predicting Shooting Per- posite Adhesives – 106 K+K+K- – 420
formance with Advanced Distributed Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields
Learning Assessments – 301 Approximation Methods for Inverse Prob-
D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o)
lems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic
Baker, Nathaniel R. Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422
Systems – 347
Improving Reliability of High Power Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi
Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating Identification of Materiel Damage in Two
+ pi - Gamma (2S) – 422
in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Dimensional Domains Using Squid
Based NDE System – 364 Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime
Balabdaoui, Fadoua to eta prime K* – 397
Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Modeling and Computation of Propagat-
ing Waves from Coronary Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi
Sharpness – 368
Stenoses – 409 (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in
Balewski, Lukasz BaBar – 401
Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107
High Accuracy Multidimensional Param- Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub
eterized Surrogate Models for Fast Opti- Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar
mization of Microwave Circuits in the Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 c) Production Near Square root of s+
Industry Standard Circuit Simula- 10.6 GeV – 422
Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and
tors – 108
Compensators: A State-Dependent Ric-
Barbaritis, Joseph K
Balkin, Thomas J. cati Equation Approach – 355
Xenon Feed System Progress – 92
Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Un-
Performance in the Operational Environ- certainty and Variability in Biological Barbu, Costin
ment – 272 Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial
Ballou, W R Model – 202 Prediction – 365
Update on the Clinical Development of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Barhydt, Richard
Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Based Control of Transverse Beam Vi- Human Factors Considerations for Area
Balzar, D. brations: Experimental Implementa- Navigation Departure and Arrival Proce-
Dislocation Generation by Thermal tion – 403 dures – 11
Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experi- Real-Time Process Monitoring by Barikmo, H. O.
ments – 183 P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy
PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic Sys-
and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase
Balzer, Robert tem and Component Certification, Test
Epitaxy – 419 Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photo-
AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing,
Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptiv- Reduced Order Modeling in Control of voltaic Energy Systems International
ity and Trust Management – 384 Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Standards – 181
Bambrick, Linda L Remarks on Uncertainty Assessment Barillot, Marc
Neurotrophin Therapy of Neurodegen- and Management in Modeling and Com- First Formation Flying Demonstration
erative Disorders With Mitochondrial putation – 348 Mission Including on Flight Bracewell
Dysfunction – 228 Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Mag- Nulling – 54
Bane, K. netorheological Fluids – 145 Barklow, T.
Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavi- Thermal Conductivity of Composites Un- Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detec-
ties – 401 der Different Heating Scenarios – 420 tors – 401
B-4
Barlat, F Basso, T. S. Beckinger, Robert C
Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Model- PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic Sys- DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Data-
ling of Textured Metals and Validation tem and Component Certification, Test base Server for High-Assurance Time-
Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photo- Critical Applications – 438
Test – 98 voltaic Energy Systems International Bednarcik, Peter
Standards – 181
Barley, Sarah Selected Environmental Factors of
Micro-Chemical Monopropellant Bastille, Amy M Czech Contingent Soldiers during their
Thruster – 29 Heart Rate Variability as an Index of Deployment in Afghanistan and Health
Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Status Markers after their Homecom-
Barmore, Bryan E. ing – 271
Operational Concept for Flight Crews to
Participate in Merging and Spacing of Beech, Theresa
Bate, P S
Aircraft – 4 FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren-
Barnes, Bruce W. Titanium After Deformation at Low Tem-
tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or-
Improving Reliability of High Power peratures – 102
bits – 59
Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating Batejat, Denise Beerends, John G
in Long Pulse Mode – 156 Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian Extension of ITU-T Recommendation
Barnes, J H Time Structure during Long Duration P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech
Modeling and Computation of Propagat- Flights in Man – 276 Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433
ing Waves from Coronary Battaglia, M. Beidleman, Scott W
Stenoses – 409
Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detec- GPS versus Galileo: Balancing for Posi-
Barrena, Valentin tors – 401 tion in Space – 46
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for Baudou, J Beisler, Karen L
DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128
Double protection passive pour les equi- Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee
PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : Children from Burma – 86
and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Concept et etude experimentale (Design Bell, Doug G.
and Experimental Study of the Passive The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain
Barrios, A E
Double Hearing Protection for the Crew Physical and Cognitive Function during
Advanced Propagation Model (APM) of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411
Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern Continuous Operations – 274
California Desert – 196 Baughman, Ray H. Bell, J
Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment
Barthelmess, Paulo
Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111
Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimo-
dal System, for a No-Wait Temporal Baumgardt, Douglas Belmonte, M
Threshold on Information Fusion, Com- Investigation of Factors Affecting the Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
bined with an Under-Specified Dis- Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ra- cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
play – 336 tio Discriminant – 370
Beloglavec, Simon
Barto, R Bavari, Sina Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern
Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Realizations – 303
tonics for Space Applications – 34 mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- Beltran, Thomas
ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In-
Bartos, Dusan
Survival – 219 vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for
Long-Distance Government Flights - A
Peace Equivalent of Demanding Combat Baxley, Brian T. Maintaining Alertness and Performance
Sorties? – 262 Operational Concept for Flight Crews to in Sustained Military Ground Opera-
Participate in Merging and Spacing of tions – 240
Bartsch, Lynn A
Aircraft – 4 Bembry, Joliet
Bazant, Zdenek P Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres-
per Mississippi River Backwater
sion and Function of Vanilloid and En-
Lake – 85 Scaling of Energy Absorption in Compos- docannabinoid Receptors – 216
Barwick, S. W. Bench, Graham
Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos Beard, M. C. Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois:
via Coherent Radio Emission – 420 Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role
Exciton Generation – 178 in Gulf War Illness – 250
Bass, Ellen J.
Using Videos Derived from Simulations Bearden, David M Benda, Petr
to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware- Radiotactive Tank Waste from the Past Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial
ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 Production of Nuclear Weapons: Back- Environment – 333
Bass, Samuel D ground and Issues for Congress – 186
Bender, Robert L
The Challenges of Information Manage- Beaumont, Maurice Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measure-
ment in the Networked Battlespace: Un- Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian ments of a Dismount With Rocket-
manned Aircraft Systems, Raw Data and Time Structure during Long Duration Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at
the Warfighter – 431 Flights in Man – 276 Ka-Band – 149
Bassan, David M. (Interest of a Hypnotic/Psychostimulant Benford, Dominic
Methodological Issues when Assessing Combination for Maintaining Alertness SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR
Dismounted Soldier Mobility Perfor- and Performance in a Context of Con- Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science
mance – 264 tinuous Operations) – 269 Roadmap Presentation – 48
B-5
Bennett, John G Berry, C. J. Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri-
Xpatch – 313 Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 26
Bennett, Jr , Hollis H Berry, Patrick A Bhattacharjee, Apurba K
Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres-
Ordnance (UXO) Detection System De- Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide sion System for Proteomic Analy-
veloped by Geophysical Solu- Thin Disks – 157 sis – 241
tions – 153 Berryman, Johnathan F. Bhattacharjee,, Apurba
Benoit, Suc Application of a Relative Motion Guid- Cloning, Expression, and Purification of
Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis- ance Algorithm to Formation Reassign- Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro-
sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence ment – 59 teins – 254
after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Besnard, Eric Bhattacharjee, Subrata
Benowitz, Edward RLV Flight Operations Demonstration Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl-
Formation Algorithms and Simulation with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle inders in Forced and Natural Flows and
Testbed – 444 (PREPRINT) – 63 Microgravity – 141
Best, D. R. Bhattacharya, Partha P
Benton, P J
Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Optimal Scheduling with Strict Dead-
The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental
Particle Study – 222 lines – 380
Results – 105
Bhattacharya, R.
Ben-Zvi, I. Bethel, W.
High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar
Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175
Berenstein, Carlos A Bhattacharyya, Shuvra S
Bitmap Indices – 440
Effective Bezout Identities in Modeling of Block-Based DSP Sys-
Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349 Bettin, William
tems – 292
Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Bhowmick, Neil A
of Individual Water Purification De-
vices – 89 Identify the Impact of TGF-Beta Signal-
Spaces – 393
Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi- ing on the Stroma in the Progression of
Berge, S. vidual Water Purification Devices – 231 Prostate Cancer – 234
Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For- Bibler, N. E.
Electrochemically Generated Oxidant
mation Flying – 62 Analytical Results of DWPF Glass
Disinfection in the Use of Individual Wa-
Berge, Sten E. ter Purification Devices – 89 Sample Taken During Filling of Canister
Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three S01913: Summary Report – 105
Formation Flying Micro Satellites in Purification Devices – 88 Bihari, Kathleen L
GTO – 57 Analysis of Thermal Conductivity in Com-
Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
Berger, R C vidual Water Purification Devices – 89 posite Adhesives – 106
Houston-Galveston Navigation Chan- Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of Bilcikova, Erika
nels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel Individual Water Purification De- Novel Antigen Identification Method for
Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353 vices – 402 Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
Bergey, John Bevilacqua, Richard
coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
Results of SEI Independent Research Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for nome – 224
and Development Projects and Report American Naval Power (1923-
on Emerging Technologies and Technol- 2005) – 413 Bileschi, Stan
ogy Trends – 296 Bevilacqua, Vicky L Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vi-
sion Systems – 337
Berkovitz, Dustin S. Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for
SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Bileschi, Stanley M
Development and Validation Testbed: Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and StreetScenes: Towards Scene Under-
Current Progress and Beyond – 55 QL – 95 standing in Still Images – 335
Bermudez, Manuel E. Bewley, William L Bileschi, Stanley
A Dynamic Radiographic Robotic Imag- CRESST Human Performance Knowl- Combining Variable Selection with Di-
ing System – 287 edge Mapping System – 302 mensionality Reduction – 371
Bernstein, Norman P Performance: Predicting Shooting Per- Bingham, Rick
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 formance with Advanced Distributed Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to
Learning Assessments – 301 an Existing Training Simulation – 332
Berrocal, Veronica J
Combining Spatial Statistical and En- Beyer, F L Birchenough, Arthur G.
semble Information in Probabilistic Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Series Connected Buck-Boost Regula-
Weather Forecasts – 198 Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene- tor – 139
Styrene Triblock Copolymers – 108
Berrocal, Veronica Birman, V
The Continuous Ranked Probability Beyerle, Peter Soviet Technique for Estimating Post-
Score for Circular Variables and its Appli- Frequency Selective Materials for Con- Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding
cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble trol of Radiated Emissions and Interfer- (The National Shipbuilding Research
Verification – 358 ence Suppression, Phase 2 – 149 Program) – 162
B-6
Bishop, John Blomquist, Paul A Bolkman, Christopher
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Con-
gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated gram)Simultaneous 3-Edge Cleaning gress – 158
Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Methods and Tooling Evaluation – 98 V-22 Osprey Title-Rotor Aircraft – 20
Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
Bo, Li Bombardelli, Claudio
Bishop, Matt The Immersed Interface Method for Elas- SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR
A Critical Analysis of Vulnerability Tax- ticity Problems with Interfaces – 400 Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science
onomies – 295 Roadmap Presentation – 48
Boardman, J.
Bishop, Morgan Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon Bomben, Craig R.
Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot with M3 – 450 Development and Flight Testing of a
Free Codes – 217 Neural Network Based Flight Control
Boardman, Joe
Bishop, Robert H. System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31
Navigation Algorithms for Formation Fly- tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Bona, M.
ing Missions – 52
Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g
Boatz, Jerry A
Bjoerk, Martin K+K+K- – 420
Electronic Structure Studies of High En-
Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields
ergy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 93
Formation Flying Micro Satellites in D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o)
GTO – 57 Electronic Structure Studies of Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422
Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93
Bjorn, Valerie S Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi
Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation Bodin, Per + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422
Personnel – 20 Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime
Blain, Andrew Formation Flying Micro Satellites in to eta prime K* – 397
SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR GTO – 57
Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi
Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science Boeder, P. (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in
Roadmap Presentation – 48 Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- BaBar – 401
Blair, Patrick J sign Tools – 47 Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub
Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Boehmer, Wolfgang sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar
Infections in Andean Northern c) Production Near Square root of s+
Peru – 218 Evaluation of the Quality of an Informa-
tion Security Management Sys- 10.6 GeV – 422
Blair, Peter L tem – 289 Bondiou-Clergerie, Anne
Novel Antigen Identification Method for An Overview of CNES Strategy and Ac-
Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens Bogard, D. D.
tivities on Formation Flying – 57
by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En- Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact
coding Exons from the Parasite Ge- Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 Bonnett, Charles C
nome – 224 Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer
Bogue, Rodney
Test – 149
Blake, Dan Turbulence and mountain wave condi-
Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For tions observed with an airborne 2-micron Bonneville, Richard
Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu- lidar – 24 An Overview of CNES Strategy and Ac-
rity – 165 tivities on Formation Flying – 57
Bolender, Michael A
Blanchard, Jr, E E Application of Piecewise Linear Control Bonzani, Jr , Peter
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 357
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Guidance and Control – 40 Boocock, Simon K
gram) – 373
Bolkcom, Christopher The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Blandford, R. D. Air Force Aerial Refueling Methods: Fly- gram. Combined Abrasive Recycling and
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and ing Boom Versus Hose-and-Drogue – 9 Containment - Final Report With Sum-
Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma mary and Conclusions – 67
Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 Air Force Aerial Refueling – 10
Booth, David M
Blank, Jeffery C Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia: Video Moving Target Indication in the
Potential Implications – 23 Analysts’ Detection Support Sys-
Numerical Simulations of the Fish Pas-
sage Facilities at Lower Granite F-22A Raptor – 22 tem – 153
Dam – 386
F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) Program: Boots-Theunissen, E A
Blanton, P. S. Background, Status, and Issues – 24 Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various
General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re- Homeland Security: Unmanned Aerial Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in
placement for the 6M Specification Pack- Vehicles and Border Surveillance – 17 Diverse Operaties) – 6
age – 76
Military Airlift: C-17 Aircraft Program – 9 Borde, J.
Bloch, Anthony Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation
Navy F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and EA- Flying Demonstration – 58
Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406
18G Growler Aircraft: Background and
Bloch, Laurent Issues for Congress – 19 Borgvall, Jonathan
Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu- Proposed Termination of Joint Strike Swedish Projects – 11
vers – 30 Fighter (JSF) F136 Alternate En- Boris, Jay
Blok, H. E. gine – 19
Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for
Flexible and Scalable Digital Library Tactical Aircraft Modernization: Issues for American Naval Power (1923-
Search – 281 Congress – 23 2005) – 413
B-7
Borkar, Vivek S Bouton, Chad Brants, Thorsten
Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro- Partial and Full Inverse Compensation Story Link Detection and New Event De-
cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A for Hysteresis in Smart Material Sys- tection are Asymmetric – 330
Survey – 369 tems – 129 Branz, H. M.
Borrero, Jose C Bovill, Maria E New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re-
Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement combination at Light-Induced Boron-
the USA – 432 Use among Elite U.S. Army Sol- Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174
diers – 438 SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur-
Borsuk, Gerald
Bovill, Maria ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor-
Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee phous Silicon – 173
American Naval Power (1923-
2005) – 413 Children from Burma – 86 Brasunas, J.
Boyarko, George A Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
Bortz, D M
Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Sub- Observations by the Cassini Infrared
Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Spectrometer – 446
Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 systems for End-to-End Spacecraft Mod-
eling – 38 Braun, Robert D.
Boskovic, Borko Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL
Object-Oriented Design and Implemen- Boyd, E A
Vehicle – 60
tation of Computer Chess – 303 Solving Integer Programs With Enumera-
tion Cutting Planes – 300 Braun, Rodney D
Bosworth, John T. Use of Mitochondria-Specific Dye MKT-
Development and Flight Testing of a Boyer, Darrell
077 as a Radiosensitizer to Preopera-
Neural Network Based Flight Control Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1
tively Treat Locally Advanced Breast
System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Cancer – 236
Boton, Matthew L. Boylston, John W Breger, Louis
Using Videos Derived from Simulations The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for
to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware- gram. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53
ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva-
tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate-
Bouaricha, Ali Learned – 111 gies – 53
TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Breida, Lubos
Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations Boynton, Angela C.
Methodological Issues when Assessing A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric
and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63
Using Tensor Methods – 356 Dismounted Soldier Mobility Perfor-
mance – 264 Breidenbach, M.
Boucelma, O First Results with Prototype Detectors of
Incorporating Active and Multi-Database- Bozell, J. J.
Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic the Si/W ECAL – 406
State Services into an OSA-Compliant
Interoperability Toolkit – 310 Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 Brest, Janez
Bradford, Matt Object-Oriented Design and Implemen-
Boudreau, Bernard P tation of Computer Chess – 303
Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Analysis of the Optical Design for the
SAFIR Telescope – 416 Breuer, Kenneth S
Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua-
tion – 147 Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
Bradley, Elizabeth
Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
Boulade, S. Generalized Physical Networks for Auto- ings – 161
mated Model Building – 388
GNC System for the Deployment and Brewer, David N.
Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying Bradley, Royce Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
Interferometer – 443 Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri-
Detonation Engine – 113 cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 26
Bourga, Christophe
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management Brewer, Laura
DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems
Boutigny, D. Integration of a Pulsed Detonation En- Analysis Capabilities – 375
gine With an Ejector Pump and With a Brezhneva, Olga A
Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g
Turbo-Charger as Methods to Self-
K+K+K- – 420 Pattern Search Methods in the Presence
Aspirate – 28
of Degeneracy – 362
Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields
Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation En-
D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o) Brglez, Franc
gine With a Turbine – 28
Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi Bragg-Sitton, Shannon 1 – 130
+ pi - Gamma (2S) – 422 Fission Surface Power for the Explora- Bridges, James
tion and Colonization of Mars – 174
Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime Effect of Heat on Space-Time Correla-
to eta prime K* – 397 Brajkovic, Dragan tions in Jets – 26
Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frost- Brieda, Lubos
(sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in bite during Exposure to Cold Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex-
BaBar – 401 Winds – 197 pansion Model with Experimental Data
Brandler, Philip (Preprint) – 42
Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub
sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar The USA Army Future Force Warrior: An Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simula-
c) Production Near Square root of s+ Integrated Human Centric Sys- tions Using a Particle-in-Cell
10.6 GeV – 422 tem – 267 Method – 417
B-8
Briggs, Michael J Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Bullard, Brad
Ship Squat Predictions for Ship/Tow Enhanced Signal Processing – 301 Local Heat Flux Measurements with
Simulator – 379 Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial
Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed Element-Injectors – 61
the USA – 432 for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135 Bullock, Courtney R
Wave Climate and Wave Response, Brown, G M Dynamics of Post-Translational Modifica-
Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of Final Environmental Assessment for the tions on Human Histone H4 Through the
Hawaii, Hawaii – 385 Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Cell Cycle – 239
Bright, Tom Force Base, New Mexico – 14
Bulman, Melvin J
Abatement of Marine Coatings Contain- Brown, Janice M Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Aug-
ing Heavy Metals – 65 Motivational Interventions to Reduce Al- mented Rocket Nozzle – 145
Brigmon, R. L. cohol Use in a Military Population – 244
THRUST AUGMENTED NOZZLE (TAN)
Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Brown, Kelly L the New Paradigm for Booster Rock-
Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Development and Testing of a Novel ets – 42
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 Standard Particle for Performance Verifi-
Bumgarner, Roger E
Brill, David G cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec-
tion Systems – 112 Bayesian Model Averaging: Develop-
CRESST Human Performance Knowl- ment of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene
edge Mapping System – 302 Brown, M S Selection and Classification Tool for Mi-
Brinkely, W W Experimental Study of Deflagration-to- croarray Data – 244
Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha- Detonation Enhancement Techniques in
Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust
nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo- a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En-
Model-Based Segmentation of Microar-
sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea gine – 27
ray Images – 369
Pigs – 65 Brown, Mary M
Joint Capabilities and System-of-System Bunch, Howard M
Briscoe, J. M.
Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution A Study of the Causes of Man-Hour
Comparison of Communication Architec- Variance of Naval Shipyard Work Stan-
tures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Domains – 312
dards (The National Shipbuilding Re-
Systems – 25 Brown, R. W. search Program) – 366
Brittingham, Katherine C An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle
Computerized Compendium of Stan-
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Analysis – 387
dards – 429
mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- Brown, Richard
ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Implementation of Advanced Technology
Verification and Validation of NASA- in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Work-
Survival – 219
Supported Enhancements to the Near shop Report – 379
Britton, Julie Edell Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
Who’s to Blame? Consumers Responses ing System (HABSOS) – 173 Bundy, Matthew F
to Service Failure – 288 Brown, Sherilyn A. Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl-
inders in Forced and Natural Flows and
Broadhead, Matthew Decision Support Methods and
Microgravity – 141
Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi- Tools – 387
tive Information through Bottleneck Moni- Buratti, B.
Bruck, Hugh A
toring – 438 Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
Bronkhorst, Adelbert W Functionally Graded Propellants – 111 with M3 – 450
A Microphone-Array-Based System for Buratti, Bonnie
Restoring Sound Localization with Oc- Brungart, Douglas S
cluded Ears – 137 Improving Multitalker Speech Communi- Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
cation with Advanced Audio Dis- tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
Brosseau, D. plays – 121
Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Burch, J.
Project – 177 Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water
Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware- Systems Analysis – 182
Brost, George A ness in General Aviation Environ-
Addressing the Requirements for RF ments – 411 Burchat, Eleanore
Photonics – 355 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime
Bryan, Karna
Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21
A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an
Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Unknown Number of Targets Based on Burda, L
Modulators – 136 Sensor Performance – 372 A Planning Guide - New Technologies in
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National
Bryant, Robert G.
Brough, I Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162
Deformation Microstructure in Beta- Acquisition System – 140 Bureau, Paul
Bubley, Glenn J The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
peratures – 102
Effect of HIF-12 Alpha Polymorphism on gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated
Broughton, R M the Incidence and Severity of Pros- Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure
Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 tate – 208 Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
Brown, Alison Bueskens, Christof Burg, Cecile M.

A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier- Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua- Decision Support Methods and
Phase Time Transfer – 134 tors – 106 Tools – 387
B-9
Burgess, Jefferey L Bussman, Michael Cai, Decheng
Acute Lung Injury Following Smoke Inha- Components for Cooperative Intrusion Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity
lation: Predictive Value of Sputum Biom- Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environ- are Down-Regulated During Hibernation
arkers and Time Course of Lung Inflam- ments – 317 in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223
mation – 226
Buttler, G W Cai, Jiazhen
Burken, John J. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of A Language for Semantic Analy-
Development and Flight Testing of a Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic sis – 296
Neural Network Based Flight Control Acid Administered in Drinking Water in
System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Rats and Mice – 203 Cain, A B
Reduced Order Modeling in Control of
Burks, Jr, Robert E Buttolph, Adele M Open Cavity Acoustics – 2
An Adaptive Tabu Search Heuristic for Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir-
the Location Routing Pickup and Delivery culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Cain, Brad
Problem with Time Windows with a The- Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor- A Preliminary Study of Heat Strain Using
ater Distribution Application – 378 phology Change – 124 Modelling and Simulation – 256
Burnett, J. Buttolph, Thomas B Caldwell, Douglas C.
The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in
Scale – 258 With Neurologic Decompression Sick- Commonly Used Quantities by the Air
ness – 222 Cargo Industry – 6
Burnham, A. K.
Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of Byrd, Richard H Caldwell, John A.
FOX-7 – 96 A New Large-Scale Global Optimization Dextroamphetamine and Modafinil are
Method and Its Application to Lennard- Effective Countermeasures for Fatigue in
Jones Problems – 356 the Operational Environment – 264
of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition
Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction Developing and Understanding Methods Calkins, Frederick T
and Impact – 75 for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimiza-
A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostric-
tion – 381
Burnik, Urban tive Sensors – 156
Human Perception and Objective Delay Representations of Quasi-Newton Matri-
ces and Their Use in Limited Memory Calvel, Bertrand
Evaluation of Multimedia Ser-
vices – 429 Methods – 391 High Precision Optical Metrology for
DARWIN – 50
Burns, L. A. Cabell, R. H.
User Manual for EXPRESS, the A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Calvin, W
‘EXAMS-PRZM Exposure Simulation Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Shell’. Version 1.01.02, September 30, Bays – 13 ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
2006 – 283 gram) – 373
Cabeza, Isabel
Burnside, D High Precision Optical Metrology for Calzetti, Daniela
The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine DARWIN – 50 SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR
Particle Study – 222 Cabezas, H. Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science
Integration of an Economy Under Imper- Roadmap Presentation – 48
Burnside, Nathan J.
Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi- fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco- Camata, R. P.
span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the logical Model – 283 Photoelectric Emission Measurements
NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- Cable, R. on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust
nel – 1 Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough Grains – 450
Burrill, A. Project – 177 Camenen, Benoit
Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 Cabral, Alexander Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir-
Burton, Dennis T High Precision Optical Metrology for culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0,
Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and DARWIN – 50 Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor-
Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm phology Change – 124
Caceda, Roxana
Eisenia fetida – 74 Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Campbell, Mark
Busch, J Infections in Andean Northern Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Peru – 218 the Autonomous Formation Flying Sen-
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- sor – 56
Cada, D G
gram) – 373 Applications of Digital Transfer of Com- Campbell, Richard L.
Buschbacher, Mark J. puter Aided Design Data for Production Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16
Development and Flight Testing of a Usage (The National Shipbuilding Re-
search Program) – 304 Campbell, Rwanda
Neural Network Based Flight Control
System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis
Cadieu, C With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel-
Bush, Patrick A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu- oping in a Late Postpartum Woman:
Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 357 tations and Circuits in the Feedforward Case Report – 226
Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate
Bushnell, Dennis M. Visual Cortex – 251 Campbell, Sharon
Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec- Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207
tion and Force/Moment Genera- Cadieu, Charles
tion – 31 Shape Representation in V4: Investigat- Campell, Bryan T
ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound- Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module
Buskirk, Paul D. ary Confirmation with the Standard for Rocket Engine and Propulsion Sys-
Balanced Orifice Plate – 104 Model of Object Recognition – 252 tem Simulations – 145
B-10
Campos, Teresa L. Carrascosa, Carmelo Castanon, David
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD DARPA Integrated Sensing and Process-
Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 ing (ISP) Program. Approximation Meth-
FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans- ods for Markov Decision Problems in
port and Entrainment using Observations Carstens, Christian B Sensor Management – 363
and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Sig-
nals to a Covert Tactile Communication Castellani, John W
Canada, S. System in a Dynamic Environ- Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to
Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough ment – 118 Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242
Project – 177
Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer Castiglone, L.
Cantore, D Test – 149 Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxi-
Visual Reference Standards for Weld dation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. An-
Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 Carter, Layne nual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30,
The Exploration Water Recovery Sys- 2005 – 187
Cao, Y. tem – 442
Sensitivity Analysis of Differential- Castillo, C D
Algebraic Equations and Partial Differen- Carter, R Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica-
tial Equations – 281 Operator Functional State Assessment tions – 33
Caponnetto, Andrea (l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle
Castro, Carl A.
Fast Rates for Regularized Least- Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Af-
Squares Algorithm – 371 Carthel, Craig ghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S.
Some Properties of Empirical Risk Mini- A Bayesian Approach to Predicting an Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed
mization Over Donsker Classes – 371 Unknown Number of Targets Based on Army Institute of Research Land Combat
Sensor Performance – 372 Study – 277
Cappallo, Roger C
Carthel,, Craig Castro, Carl Andrew
Studies of Enhanced Performance of the
Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Obser- Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic Building Psychological Resiliency and
vation and Space Weather – 447 Tracking Capability – 387 Mitigating the Risks of Combat and De-
ployment Stressors Faced by Sol-
Capron, William R. Carucci, D J diers – 278
Operational Concept for Flight Crews to Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac- Catlin, Kathryn
Participate in Merging and Spacing of cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
Aircraft – 4 Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft For-
Carucci, Daniel J mations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular
Carazzone, J J Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Libration Points – 444
Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimi- Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Caton, J. A.
zation – 192 Merozoites – 223 Development of All-Solid-State Sensors
Cardimona, D A for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am-
Carucci, Daniel
Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica- monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp-
tions – 33 Update on the Clinical Development of tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex-
Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 haust Streams – 419
Carlton, Jane M
Novel Antigen Identification Method for Carzaniga, Antonio Cavanaugh, Jennifer C
Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens A Reusable, Distributed Repository for Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Up-
by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En- Configuration Management Policy Pro- per Mississippi River Backwater
coding Exons from the Parasite Ge- gramming – 312 Lake – 85
nome – 224
Case, Ben Cavanaugh, Stephen
Caronna, S Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con-
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra- cepts Directorate Technology
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- tors – 1 Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375
gram) – 373 Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems
Casey, Stephen D
Carozzoni, Joseph A Analysis Capabilities – 375
On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with
Summary Report of Finding of the Deci- Outliers and Missing Observa- Cavanaugh, Steve
sion Science Working Group tions – 359 NASA Langley Research Center Sys-
(DSWG) – 433 tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate
Cass, Stein
Carpenter, J. Russell Participation in the Exploration Systems
Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual- Architecture Study – 459
Conservative Analytical Collision Prob- Launch Concept – 36
abilities for Orbital Formation Fly- Cazacu, O
ing – 56 Cassaing, Frederic Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Model-
Carpenter, K. First Formation Flying Demonstration ling of Textured Metals and Validation
Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact
The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis-
Nulling – 54 Test – 98
sion’ – 56
Cassell, Kirt J Celis, M R
Carranza, R. M.
Investigation of Frequency-Domain and A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Con-
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chlo-
Time-Domain Free-Space Material Mea- strained Optimization – 359
ride Solutions Containing Organic Ac-
surements – 400
ids – 81 Cendales, Linda C
Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Castaneda, C The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant
Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri-
Ions – 81 tonics for Space Applications – 34 mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203
B-11
Centeno, Jose A Chang, Simon Optimal Quantization and Fusion in
Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro- Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection
gram – 240 American Naval Power (1923- of Weak Signals in Dependent
2005) – 413 Noise – 334
Cerco, Carl F
Conceptual Processes for Linking Chang, X. Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor
Eutrophication and Network Mod- Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396 Discrimination from Dependent Observa-
els – 354 tions – 383
Chapman, C.
Chavez, J C
Cerro, Jeffrey A. Computer and Internet Use by Students
Decision Support Methods and in 2003. Statistical Analysis Re-
nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post-
Tools – 387 port – 282
print) – 157
Ceruti, Marion Chapman, G. K. Chavez, J R
Spiral System Implementation Methodol- Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef- Performance Comparison of Optically
ogy: Application of the Knowledge Web fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves- Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared La-
and Network-Centric Best Prac- sels – 77 sers – 158
tices – 384
Chapman, Gail D Chelliah, H K
Cervi, M Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed
Development of a Ship Service Fuel Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill- Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and
Cell – 181 ness Resembling Inhalation An- Water/NaOH Solutions – 352
thrax – 224
Cesaretti, Jamie A Chemykova, L
ATM Heterozygosity and the Develop- Charagundla, S R Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza-
ment of Radiation-Induced Erectile Dys- Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec-
function and Urinary Morbidity Following Behind a Step – 90 tronic Devices – 434
Radiotherapy for Prostate Can-
cer – 238 Charbonnel, Catherine Chen, C S
Accurate Formation Flying Design and Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for
Cespedes, Manuel Validation for the Darwin Precursor Dem- Biomagnetic Interfacing Con-
Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira onstration Mission – 49 cepts – 259
Infections in Andean Northern
Peru – 218 Charbonnels, Catherine Chen, Felix F
First Formation Flying Demonstration Thermal Design and Analysis of the
Chacon, Mark A Mission Including on Flight Bracewell Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injec-
Course Curriculum Development for the Nulling – 54 tor – 93
Future Cyberwarrior – 431
Charles, John B. Chen, Francine
Chait, Richard Challenges of Human Space Story Link Detection and New Event De-
Critical Technology Events in the Devel- Flight – 444 tection are Asymmetric – 330
Charoenvit, Y Chen, Jacqueline H
ited – 441 Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac- Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning
cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Pre-
Chalmers, S. mixed Flames – 353
PV Standards Work: Photovoltaic Sys- Charoenvit, Yupin
CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac- Chen, Lili
tem and Component Certification, Test
Facility Accreditation, and Solar Photo- tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 MR Imaging Based Treatment Planning
for Radiotherapy of Prostate Can-
voltaic Energy Systems International Novel Antigen Identification Method for
Standards – 181 cer – 207
Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En- Chen, Peter
Chaloupka, Jiri
coding Exons from the Parasite Ge- System Quality Requirements Engineer-
Selected Environmental Factors of ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study
Czech Contingent Soldiers during their nome – 224
on Asset Management System – 433
Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Chattopadhyay, Rana
Status Markers after their Homecom- Chen, Victor Y
ing – 271 Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En- gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Champagne, Victor Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle
Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
nome – 224 Measurement for Inclining Experi-
Army Main Battle Tank Compo- ments – 307
nents – 99 Chau, Y A
Chen, Weiguo
Chan, H Distributed Detection from Multiple Sen-
Polymorphous Computing Architecture sors with Correlated Observa-
Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster
(PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements tions – 334
Mission – 117
on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292 On Minimax Robust Data Fusion – 367
Chen, Weinong W
Chang, Chein-I Chau, Yawgene A Dynamic Compressive Responses and
A Comparative Study for Orthogonal On Robust Continuous-Time Discrimina- Flow Behavior of Damaged Ceramics
Subspace Projection and Constrained tion – 361 Under High Confinement – 94
Chau, Yawgeng A Chen, X.
Chang, Paul Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantiza- Observational Signatures and Non-
WindSat Applications for Weather Fore- tion in Distributed Detection Sys- Gaussianities of General Single Field In-
casters and Data Assimilation – 194 tems – 154 flation – 397
B-12
Chen, Y Chirillo, L D Cirillo, William M.
Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- NASA Langley Research Center Sys-
Target in Neurological and Psychiatric gram. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate
Disorders – 233 Distributive Systems Models. Participation in the Exploration Systems
Phase 1 – 172 Architecture Study – 459
Chen, Ye
Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres- Chiu, Shean-Tsong Clack, Herek L
sion and Function of Vanilloid and En- Detecting Periodic Components in a On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida-
docannabinoid Receptors – 216 White Gaussian Time Series – 192 tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol
Sprays – 83
Chenette, D. Choi, Patrick
The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis- Clapham, Scott B
sion’ – 56 N-ARY Linkages – 385 Standards Database Maintenance
Phase II – 425
Cheney, Carrie Choi, Sung R.
Clark, R.
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Foreign Object Damage in a Gas-
Children from Burma – 86 Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri-
with M3 – 450
Cheng, Shannon Y
Clark, Roger
Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex- Chou, Kenneth C
pansion Model with Experimental Data Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
(Preprint) – 42 Riccati Equations – 354
Cheng, Tu-c Clarke, Steven
Chretien, Jean-Pierre
A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es- Chlorine Dioxide Disinfection in the Use
Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying of Individual Water Purification De-
cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying
Production of Organophosphorus Hydro- vices – 89
Framework – 58
lase – 68 Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
Chrissis, Mary Beth vidual Water Purification Devices – 231
Cheng, Yang
CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: Electrochemically Generated Oxidant
Vision Based Localization in Urban Envi- What We Learned – 297
ronments – 155 Disinfection in the Use of Individual Wa-
Christiansen, Bradley D ter Purification Devices – 89
Cheng, Zhiqing
Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Filtration in the Use of Individual Water
Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Circuits – 325 Purification Devices – 88
Signals Based on Wavelet Decomposi-
tions – 345 Chu, Isabel Iodine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
cSrc and Her2 Signaling Pathways Co- vidual Water Purification Devices – 89
Cherry, Gregory S
operate With Estrogen to Promote Estro- Ultraviolet Light Disinfection in the Use of
Simulation of Selected Ground-Water
gen Receptor Phosphorylation, Ubiquiti- Individual Water Purification De-
Pumping Scenarios at Fort Stewart and
nation and Proteolysis in ER Negative vices – 402
Hunter Army Airfield, Georgia – 142
Breast Cancers – 250
Cheung, C. C. Clayton, C. E.
Chung, Gregory K Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays
Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet
with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 CRESST Human Performance Knowl- Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407
edge Mapping System – 302
Clayton, Robert N.
Cheung, Stephen S Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules
Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain dur- Performance: Predicting Shooting Per- in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor-
ing Manual Work in Cold Weather – 197 formance with Advanced Distributed ite Fall – 457
Cheung, WinJou J Learning Assessments – 301
Clem, J. M.
Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere Chute, Michael D
with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152 Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a via Coherent Radio Emission – 420
Cheuvront, S N Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill-
ness Resembling Inhalation An- Cleveland, B
Operator Functional State Assessment
(l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle thrax – 224 Combining Welding Expert Systems With
Welding Databases to Improve Ship-
de i’operateur humain) – 256 Chytka, T. M. building Production (The National Ship-
Cheyer, Adam An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle building Research Program) – 164
IRIS: Integrate, Relate. Infer. Analysis – 387
Clewell, Rebecca A
Share – 329
Chytka, Trina Feasibility Study for the Reduction of
Chidester, Thomas R. NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con- Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous
Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu- cepts Directorate Technology Anions – 82
vers – 30 Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375 Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separa-
Cialone, Alan tion Column – 83
Chien, C L
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave In- Coats, D
Biomagnetic Interfacing Con- formation Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for
cepts – 259 with 3-G Hindcasting – 113 Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62
Chien, Steve Cichy, Benjamin Coffey, Kristy A
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 On a Powder Consolidation Prob-
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 with Onboard Autonomy – 60 lem – 69
B-13
Coffey, Todd S Constable, Stefan H. Coste, Olivier
Efficient Steady-State Solution Tech- The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve- Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian
niques for Variably Saturated Groundwa- hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Time Structure during Long Duration
ter Flow – 145 Human Systems Integration Lessons Flights in Man – 276
Learned – 278
Coglizer, D Cote, Christopher K
Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Contreras, M. Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene
Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar from Streptococcus mutans – 229
National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175
Cote, Owen
Colby, Luke S. Conway, Sheila R. Mobile Targets From Under the Sea An
Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL An Agent-Based Model for Analyzing MIT Security Studies Program Confer-
Vehicle – 60 Control Policies and the Dynamic ence – 123
Cole, D G Service-Time Performance of a
Capacity-Constrained Air Traffic Man- Couderc, F.
A Computational Model for Sound Field Observation of Decays B( sup o) Yields
Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision agement Facility – 12
D(sup *) sub s + pi(sup -) and B( sup o)
6) – 134 Cook, J. R. Yields D (sup *) sub s - k (sup +) – 422
Cole, Karl G. Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37
Observation of Gamma (4S) Decays to pi
The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Cook, Jonathan E + pi - Gamma (2S) – 422
Physical and Cognitive Function during
Event-Based Detection of Concur- Search for B Meson Decays to eta prime
Continuous Operations – 274
rency – 379 to eta prime K* – 397
Collier, Robert D
Cook, Kendra B Study of the D(sup *)(2317)+ and D(sub
Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active sJ)(2460)+ Mesons in Inclusive (overbar
Noise Control for Hearing Protection and Characterizing the Impact of Precision
Time and Range Measurements from c) Production Near Square root of s+
Communication – 410 10.6 GeV – 422
Two-Way Time Transfer Systems on Net-
Colmenarejo, Pablo work Differential GPS Position Solu- Courdec, F.
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for tions – 124
Search for Doubly Charmed Baryons Xi
DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 Cooper, Gene R (sup +)(sub cc) and Xi (sup ++)(sub cc) in
PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD Moments on a Coning M864 by a Liquid BaBar – 401
and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Payload: The Candlestick Problem and Coustenis, A.
Porous Media – 142
Colton, Richard Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for Coote, David J. Observations by the Cassini Infrared
American Naval Power (1923- Characterization and Analyses of Valves, Spectrometer – 446
2005) – 413 Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Cowling, M J
Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Comer, T R
Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Coppel, Ross L gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Associations Between Responses to the Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives
Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break- Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109
water Systems – 194 of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity Cozzi, A. D.
Comiso, Josefino C to Malaria Infection – 202 Analytical Results of DWPF Glass
The Polar Sea Ice Cover from Coraluppi, Stefano Sample Taken During Filling of Canister
Aqua/AMSR-E – 170 S01913: Summary Report – 105
Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic
Comstock, James R., Jr. Tracking Capability – 387 Craig, D
Using Videos Derived from Simulations Benchmark Evaluation of Multistatic Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho-
to Support the Analysis of Spatial Aware- Trackers – 413 tonics for Space Applications – 34
ness in Synthetic Vision Displays – 279 Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data Craig, L A
Conley, J. A. Simulator for Tracker Performance As- Automatic Submerged ARC Welding
Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Pa- sessment – 314 With Metal Power Additions to Increase
rameters – 401 Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164
Corbel, Stephane
Connell, John W. X-ray Observations of the Black Hole Cramer, K. Elliott
Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of Method and Apparatus for the Portable
ides and Copolyimides – 75 X-ray Activity – 449 Identification Of Material Thickness And
Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using
Conrath, B. J. Corbett, William D Spatially Controlled Heat Applica-
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication tion – 113
Observations by the Cassini Infrared Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding
Spectrometer – 446 Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 70 Crandall, R. S.
New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re-
Considine, Tom A Corradin, Giampietro combination at Light-Induced Boron-
Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Update on the Clinical Development of Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174
Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224
Crapse, K. P.
Consiglio, Maria C. Corrales, Santiago Nunez From Sequential Extraction to Transport
Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Through- MS-HPCF: Towards a Practical Vision of Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation
put and Traffic Delays Using Self Sepa- Efficient Native Supercomputing for Mi- as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic
ration Procedures – 4 crosoft Windows Architecture – 288 Contaminants – 64
B-14
Craven, P. D. Curtain, R F Davidson, Kris
Photoelectric Emission Measurements Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Sys- HST/STIS – 442
Grains – 450 tems – 378
Davidson, M.
Crawford, Larry Curtis, Henry GNC System for the Deployment and
A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com- Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Fine Control of the DARWIN Free-Flying
parison with Conventional Sys- Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Interferometer – 443
tems – 35 Mission – 117
Davidson, R. C.
Crawford, Matthew P Curtis, William R Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy
Optimal Geometric Deployment of a Assessment of Shore Protection Project Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406
Ground Based Pseudolite Navigation Performance Following the 2004 Hurri-
System to Track a Landing Aircraft – 12 cane Season – 196 Davis, Alexander
Building SASO Wargaming Simulations
Creasy, William R Cuvelier, Yves
Without Programmers – 309
Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Stress and Psychological Sup-
Decomposition of Chemical Warfare port – 277 Davis, D. J.
Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and Dacier, Marc Crew Launch Vehicle Upper Stage – 37
QL – 95 Attack Processes Found on the Inter- Davis, Jeffrey R.
Creighton, J W net – 323 Challenges of Human Space
Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Ap- Dahlburg, Jill Flight – 444
proach to Managing Innovation in the Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for
Public Sector – 426 Davis, O, J
American Naval Power (1923- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Crews, Carrie D 2005) – 413 gram. 1987 Ship Production Symposium.
Robot Localization Using Visual Image Dalpian, G. M. Paper No. 23: A Low Toxicity Insulation
Mapping – 331 Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI Material for Shipboard Piping -- Non-
Critchlow, Robert D Semiconductors – 178 Halogenated Polyphosphazene
Nuclear Command and Control: Current Foam – 68
Dalrymple, J
Programs and Issues – 118 Incorporating Active and Multi-Database- Davis, Roger L
Crothers, Barbara A State Services into an OSA-Compliant Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Aug-
Internet-Based Cervical Cytology Interoperability Toolkit – 310 mented Rocket Nozzle – 145
Screening Program – 232 D’Ambrosio, Bruce Quasi-2D Unsteady Flow Solver Module
Cruz, Christopher KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn- for Rocket Engine and Propulsion Sys-
ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data- tem Simulations – 145
Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira
Infections in Andean Northern Poor Domains – 330 Davis, T A
Peru – 218 DAmico, Simone Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El-
Cruz, Girlie C De La Precise Ground-In-the-Loop Orbit Con- evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres-
Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship trol for Satellite Formations – 443 sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225
Performance: Predicting Shooting Per- Danchi, W. Day, Agnes A
formance with Advanced Distributed The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis- Breast Cancer in African American
Learning Assessments – 301 sion’ – 56 Women: Molecular Analysis of Differ-
Cruz, Josue ences in Incidence and Out-
Dannehl, Jennifer L
Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Air- comes – 201
foil – 15 Standard Particle for Performance Verifi- Dayawansa, W P
Cunningham, Maureen cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec- Modeling of Impact on a Flexible
Final Environmental Assessment for the tion Systems – 112 Beam – 360
Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Dapino, Marcelo J Dayhoff, Judith E
Force Base, New Mexico – 14 A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostric- Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Ca-
Curiel, David T tive Sensors – 156 pacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298
A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Darken, Rudolph
Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for De, Barun K
An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys-
Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a
tem – 302
An Imaging System to Monitor Efficacy of Dart, Todd S. ness Resembling Inhalation An-
Adenovirus-Based Virotherapy thrax – 224
Application of Shift Work Scheduling
Agents – 237
Principles and Tools for Optimizing Con-
De Leon, Christopher L
Curran, H J sole Based Operations – 263
Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for
Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex- Darwin, Chris Decomposition of Chemical Warfare
perimental and Kinetic Modeling
Comment ameliorer la selection et le Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and
Study – 83
traitement des messages verbaux? (How QL – 95
Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Orga- to Improve the Selection and Processing
nophosphorus Compounds – 69 of Verbal Messages) – 121 De Quesada, Armando
Abatement of Marine Coatings Contain-
Curry, Bob Das, Rina ing Heavy Metals – 65
Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Breast Cancer in African American
mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- Women: Molecular Analysis of Differ- de Rosset, William S
ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis ences in Incidence and Out- Modeling Impacts for Cold-Gas Dynamic
Survival – 219 comes – 201 Spray – 94
B-15
De, Tathagata Del Rosario, R C Dennis, John E
Model Development and Inverse Com- Proper Orthogonal Decomposition A Global Convergence Theory for Gen-
pensator Design for High Speed Nan- Based Control of Transverse Beam Vi- eral Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for
opositioning – 133 brations: Experimental Implementa- Equality Constrained Optimiza-
Model Development for Piezoceramic tion – 403 tion – 347
Nanopositioners – 106 Delacruz, Girlie C
Dennis, Jr , J E
De Vito, Ernesto CRESST Human Performance Knowl-
edge Mapping System – 302 A Memoryless Augmented Gauss-
Fast Rates for Regularized Least- Newton Method for Nonlinear Least-
Squares Algorithm – 371 DeLapp, II, Charles J Squares Problems – 360
Particle Image Velocimetry Using a
de Vries, A. P. A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob-
Novel, Non-Intrusive Particle Seed-
Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting lem – 351
ing – 86
Vertical Fragmentation – 280
A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Con-
Delfyett, Jr, Peter J
de Vries, Linda F strained Optimization – 359
Photonic Arbitrary Waveform Generation
CRESST Human Performance Knowl- Technology – 159 Toward Direct Sparse Updates of
edge Mapping System – 302 Cholesky Factors – 350
Delgado, Irebert R.
de Vries, S C
Continued Investigation of Leakage and Dennis, Jr, J E
UAVs and Control Delays – 18 Power Loss Test Results for Competing A Variable-Metric Variant of the Kar-
Dean, Marjon Turbine Engine Seals – 161 markar Algorithm for Linear Program-
System Quality Requirements Engineer- Delichatsios, Michael A ming – 348
ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl-
on Asset Management System – 433 Generalized Conjugate Direc-
inders in Forced and Natural Flows and tions – 374
Debar, Herve Microgravity – 141
Optimization on Microcomputers: The
Attack Processes Found on the Inter- Delpech, M. Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347
net – 323 Design of the GNC System for a New
Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele- Pattern Search Methods in the Presence
deBarbara, Alberto Hernandez Abadia of Degeneracy – 362
Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per- scope – 414
ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Delpech, Michel The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite-
Pilots – 267 Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse
Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347
DeBell, M. Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying
Computer and Internet Use by Students Framework – 58 Dente, G C
in 2003. Statistical Analysis Re- SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High- High Brightness from an Unstable Reso-
port – 282 Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51 nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post-
Decedue, D DelValle-Garrido, J. print) – 157
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Performance Comparison of Optically
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Environments – 270 Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared La-
gram) – 373 sers – 158
Demetriou, M A
Decker, Arthur J. Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Der, Zoltan
Optimization of Training Sets For Neural- Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Sys-
Investigation of Factors Affecting the
Net Processing of Characteristic Pat- tems – 378
Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ra-
terns From Vibrating Solids – 340
deMiguel, Laura Jimenez Prada tio Discriminant – 370
DeFoor, James E Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Deshpande, Samir V
gram. 1992 Ship Oroduction Symposium Pilots – 267 Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of
Proceedings. Paper No. 7A-3: Measure- Structural Protein Units by the Integrated
Demirbilek, Zeki Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass
ment of Shipboard Piping Using a Por-
table Coordinate Measuring Machine Wave Climate and Wave Response, Spectrometry – 235
(PCMM) – 163 Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of
Hawaii, Hawaii – 385 desJardins, Marie
DeFord, J F
Demner-Fushman, Dina Learning User Preferences for Sets of
Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza- Objects – 291
tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec- Exploring Interactive Relevance Feed-
tronic Devices – 434 back With a Two-Pass Study De-
sign – 427 Deswarte, Yves
DeFrank, Joseph J Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Net-
Dempsey, J. A. worked Systems – 317
A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es-
cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle
Production of Organophosphorus Hydro- Analysis – 387 Deuster, Patricia A
lase – 68 Deng, J. Physiologic and Endocrine Correlates of
Overweight and Obesity in African Ameri-
del Cueto, J. A. First Results with Prototype Detectors of
cans and Caucasians – 230
Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress the Si/W ECAL – 406
Test System at the Outdoor Test Facil- Deng, K DeVine, Linda
ity – 184
A Finite Difference Approximation for a Final Environmental Assessment for the
Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for Coupled System of Nonlinear Size- Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air
PV Packaging – 184 Structured Populations – 353 Force Base, New Mexico – 14
B-16
Devletian, J H Ding, Xuan Z Doherty, M
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- Incorporating Active and Multi-Database-
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium sion System for Proteomic Analy- State Services into an OSA-Compliant
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip sis – 241 Interoperability Toolkit – 310
Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Dolan, Nancy
Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac- Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro- Systems Engineering, Acquisition and
ing – 102 teins – 254 Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT):
deVries, Rodney Dingfelder, J. Achieving the Promise of Human Sys-
Maintaining Combat Readiness in the Exclusive Charmless Semileptonic De- tems Integration – 264
Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The cays B yields X(sub u)lV from BA- Dolch, Stefan
Psychosocial Perspective – 266 BAR – 420 Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) ‘Quadrocop-
DeYoung, Don DiPirro, Michael J. ter Garmisch 2005’ – 23
Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR Dollyhigh, Sam
American Naval Power (1923- Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts
2005) – 413 Roadmap Presentation – 48 Directorate Mission and Trade Study
Dischinger, Patricia Analysis – 374
Dhere, R.
Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction A Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Mild Dollyhigh, Samuel
Solar Cells – 179 Traumatic Brain Injury: Early Predictors NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta-
of Outcome – 248 tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM)
Diaz, Carlos Velasco Compared with Other Forecasts – 5
Dischner, Dave
Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per-
Final Environmental Assessment for the Doman, David B
ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter
Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Application of Piecewise Linear Control
Pilots – 267
Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle
DiCarlo, James J Divjak, Sasa Guidance and Control – 40
Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. Dong, Yan
Spikes – 252 1 – 130 GKLF as a Novel Target in Selenium
Dick, Jr, Edward J Dixon, E. T. Chemoprevention of Prostate-
Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs Cancer – 238
Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact
With Neurologic Decompression Sick- Events on the LL Parent Body – 455 Doody, R. S.
ness – 222 The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity
Dixon, L. J.
Dietrich, Sven Scale – 258
Practical Twistor Spinoffs: On Shell Tree
Results of SEI Independent Research and Loop Recursion Relations – 398 Doolittle, Christina M
and Development Projects and Report Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Sub-
on Emerging Technologies and Technol- Dixon, Stephen R
systems for End-to-End Spacecraft Mod-
ogy Trends – 296 Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload
eling – 38
Analysis – 6
Dietterich, Thomas G Dorofee, Audrey
Doan, Brandon
KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn- Defining Incident Management Pro-
ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data- A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In- cesses for CSIRTs: A Work in
Poor Domains – 330 vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Progress – 322
Maintaining Alertness and Performance
Dietz, Anthony J in Sustained Military Ground Opera- OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Ver-
Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted tions – 240 sion 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Work-
Sound – 19 sheets for Systems – 320
Doctor, Bhupendra P
Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Dietz, N Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduc-
Soluble Extracts Protect Against
Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP tion to OCTAVE-S – 321
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures
From Rat Forebrain – 222 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
tance – 135
Dodson, Kathryn M Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example
Real-Time Process Monitoring by Scenario – 318
P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organiza-
and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase tions: A Preliminary Report – 298 OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Epitaxy – 419 Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Prepara-
Doering, Bill tion Guidance – 321
Diggs, Carter Final Environmental Assessment for the
Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Update on the Clinical Development of Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method
Force Base, New Mexico – 14
Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Guidelines – 321
Doermann, D
Dike, Christopher OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Document Image Understanding -
A Wind Tunnel Investigation of Joined 1997 – 428 Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organiza-
Wing Scissor Morphing – 2 tional Worksheets – 320
Doermann, David
Dinardi, S R OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation
Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical
The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based Asset Worksheets for Information – 320
Particle Study – 222 Approach – 390
Ding, Li Doherty, John Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical
Computing Trust from Revision His- Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima Asset Worksheets for Applica-
tory – 435 in Watershed Model Calibration – 354 tions – 319
B-17
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Druss, Claudia Dutkowski, Eugene
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Final Environmental Assessment for the Total Ownership Cost Reduction Case
Asset Worksheets for People – 319 Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Study: AEGIS Microwave Power
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Force Base, New Mexico – 14 Tubes – 134
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy Du, M. H. Dutton, Kenneth R.
and Plan Worksheets – 319 New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re- Motor Controller System For Large Dy-
Dorr, Bonnie combination at Light-Induced Boron- namic Range of Motor Operation – 165
Headline Generation for Written and Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174 Dvoretskii, A.
Broadcast News – 432 Du, Qian Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay
Dotani, Tadayasu A Comparative Study for Orthogonal B+yields K+K+K- – 397
Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Subspace Projection and Constrained Dwight, J
Orbit – 55 Energy Minimization – 169 Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment
Dubrawski, Artur Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The
Doufas, A
National Shipbuilding Program) – 100
Effect of the Forearm Tissue Tempera- Scalable Detection and Optimization of
ture on the Cold Induced Vasodila- N-ARY Linkages – 385 Dyer, C. B.
tion – 198 The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity
Ducharme, M B
Scale – 258
Dougherty, Jerry Effect of the Forearm Tissue Tempera-
Final Environmental Assessment for the ture on the Cold Induced Vasodila- Easley, Matthew
Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air tion – 198 Generalized Physical Networks for Auto-
Force Base, New Mexico – 14 mated Model Building – 388
Ducharme, Michel B
Doussan, T Guidelines on the Risk and Time to Frost- Eaton, Eric
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- bite during Exposure to Cold Learning User Preferences for Sets of
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Winds – 197 Objects – 291
gram) – 373 Eberhardt, A
Duchon, Paul
Downey, Doug Modeling and Computation of Propagat-
A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in ing Waves from Coronary
Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51
Information Extraction – 381 Stenoses – 409
Duckett, Colin S Eckert, Rebecca J
DOyly, Tim XIAP as a Molecular Target for Thera- Polar Phase Screens: A Comparison with
Exercise Following Simulated Parachut- peutic Intervention in Prostate Can- Other Methods of Random Phase
ing from 35,000 Feet: Is Tolerance Re- cer – 209 Screen Generation – 346
duced and is the Probability of Post De-
scent Decompression Sickness In- Duffey, C. E. Edgemon, S. L.
creased? – 275 Task Technical and Quality Assurance Characteristic Electrochemical Noise
Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analy- During Electrochemical Determination of
Dragotti, Pier L sis – 76 Hydrogen Permeation – 64
Distributed Compression in Camera Sen-
sor Networks – 308 Duistermaat, M Edghill-Smith, Yvette
Tactile Land Navigation in Night Opera- Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects
Dragovan, Mark Against Monkeypox – 228
tions – 260
Analysis of the Optical Design for the
SAFIR Telescope – 416 Edmonds, L. D.
Dumbacher, Daniel L.
Automating the Modeling of the SEE
Drake, Jessica NASA Crew Launch Vehicle Over-
Cross Section’s Angular Depen-
Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti- view – 39
dence – 419
mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Duncan, J Edwards, Brian
Drew, Douglas A. Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of
Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu- nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Army Main Battle Tank Compo-
vers – 30 Duncan, Michael A nents – 99
Drewnowski, Adam Infrared Probes of Metal Cluster Struc- Edwards, Lulu
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee ture and Bonding – 75 Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LA-
Children from Burma – 86 DAR – 155
Dungrani, Sanjiv
Drnovsek, Janko Crew Integration and Automation Tech- Edwards, T. B.
Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. nologies – 114 Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge
1 – 130 Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental
Dunn, S Results – 105
Dromsky, David M Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Edwards, Thomas
Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62
Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon
Durst, H D Very Large Time-Constant Cir-
Emulsion – 256
Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for cuits – 406
Drozda, T G Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non-
Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub- Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifi-
grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu- QL – 95 ers – 405
sion Flames – 146
Dussault, Jerry Edwards, William C.
Druilhe, Pierre Summary Report of Finding of the Deci- Self-activating System and Method for
Update on the Clinical Development of sion Science Working Group Alerting When an Object or a Person is
Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 (DSWG) – 433 Left Unattended – 140
B-18
Efird, Brian On the Formulation and Theory of the Eppert, Herbert
Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula- Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlin- Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for
tion Model – 314 ear Programming – 300 American Naval Power (1923-
2005) – 413
Efthimion, P. C. Eldridge, J E
Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separa- Epstein, Alan H
Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406 tion Column – 83 Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
Eglin, Clare Elias, Bart ings – 161
The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a Aviation Security-Related Findings and
Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify Recommendations of the 9/11 Commis- Erdman, Joy
Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258 sion – 7 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated
Ehernberger, Jack Ellingson, R. J. Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure
Turbulence and mountain wave condi- Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185
tions observed with an airborne 2-micron Exciton Generation – 178
lidar – 24 Ericson, Mark A
Ellis, Brian 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Sym-
Ehlerding, A bology – 410
VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition
Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313
with Small Molecules – 92 Military Speech Communications over
Ellison, Steve Vocoders in Tandem – 331
Ehrenfreund, Pascale
Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Escolas, Sandra
Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra- Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
tors – 1 and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
Roadmap Presentation – 48
Ehrich, Fredric F Ellor, J A Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
Demonstration of a Microfabricated High- Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear- Underwater Service (The National Ship- agement Tools – 267
ings – 161 building Research Program) – 71
Eshow, Elizabeth
Ehrich, Naomi E Elm, Joseph P A New Large-Scale Global Optimization
An Investigation of Control Strategies for Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Method and Its Application to Lennard-
Friction Compensation – 344 Strategy by Profiling Software Jones Problems – 356
Risks – 307
Eichhorn, John H Essigmann, John M
Internet-Based Cervical Cytology Elster, Eric A Development of Novel Bifunctional Com-
Screening Program – 232 The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant pounds that Induce Apoptosis in Prostate
Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri- Cancer Cells – 232
Eiken, Ola mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203
Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow Esteban, B
during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Elster, Eric Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory
Duty – 257 Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21
Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel- Esteban-Benavides, B.
Passive Heat and Moisture Ex- oping in a Late Postpartum Woman: Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold
changer – 258 Case Report – 226 Environments – 270
Eisenhauer, Robert Emergy, S. Estep, Lee
Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for Measurements of the Angle Al- Verification and Validation of NASA-
American Naval Power (1923- pha(Phi(2)) at BaBar – 400 Supported Enhancements to the Near
2005) – 413 Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
Endemano, Galder Bengoa
ing System (HABSOS) – 173
Ekholm, Jared M FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren-
Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD- dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora- Estes, Trudy
600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- Screening Evaluations for Upland Con-
bits – 59 fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual-
Ekholm, Jared ity – 84
Englar, Robert J.
Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex-
Channel-wing System for Thrust Deflec- Estill, J. C.
pansion Model with Experimental Data
(Preprint) – 42 tion and Force/Moment Genera- Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor-
tion – 31 rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo-
El-Alem, Mahmoud ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80
A Global Convergence Theory for Gen- Englund, Carl E
Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Etien, R. A.
eral Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for
Equality Constrained Optimiza- Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog- Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor-
tion – 347 nitive Performance During Sleep Depri- rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo-
vation – 257 ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80
A Global Convergence Theory for the
Celis-Dennis-Tapia Trust Region Algo- Ephremides, Anthony Etzioni, Oren
rithm for Constrained Optimiza- Discrimination Against Partially Overlap- A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in
tion – 345 ping Interference -Its Effect on Through- Information Extraction – 381
El-Bakry, A S put in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Ac- Eugster, Otto
cess Channels – 341
On the Convergence of the Tapia Indica- Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules
tors in the Absence of Strict Complemen- Optimal Scheduling with Strict Dead- in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor-
tarity – 350 lines – 380 ite Fall – 457
B-19
Eutizzi, Nick F Fasanella, Edwin L. Firesmith, Donald
Model Testing of an Oval Shaped Seal Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon- Results of SEI Independent Research
for Sealing of Large Gaps Between Mat- Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for and Development Projects and Report
ing Surfaces (The National Shipbuilding Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im- on Emerging Technologies and Technol-
Research Program) – 144 pact Damage Thresholds – 78 ogy Trends – 296
Evans, K. J. Fearnside, Melissa Fischer, Jackie
Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor- Crew Integration and Automation Tech- SPECS: The Kilometer-baseline Far-IR
rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo- nologies – 114 Interferometer in NASA’s Space Science
ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 Roadmap Presentation – 48
Felices, Vidal
Evans, Nathanael P Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Fischer, Joseph
.NET Security: Lessons Learned and Infections in Andean Northern A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In-
Missed from Java – 295 Peru – 218 vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for
Evans, Neal Maintaining Alertness and Performance
Feng, Ao in Sustained Military Ground Opera-
Combining Evidence from Homologous tions – 240
Datasets – 437
Roadmap Presentation – 48 Fischer, Mike F
Evans, Roger Feng, Min Development and Testing of a Novel
Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Encapsulation Application Research of Standard Particle for Performance Verifi-
Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi- cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec-
Xpatch – 313 ronment – 171 tion Systems – 112
Evers, Johnny H Fern, Alan Fisher, Daniel J
A Comparison of Trajectory Determina- KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn- Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and
tion Approaches for Small UAVs – 22 ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data- Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm
Poor Domains – 330 Eisenia fetida – 74
Evers, Ken
Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary Fernandez-Gaucherand, Emmanuel Fisher, J W
Forces: Expanded Operational Architec- Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of
ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- for a Partially Observed Controlled Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic
ning and Control – 121 Markov Chain – 357 Acid Administered in Drinking Water in
Evett, Matthew Rats and Mice – 203
Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro-
Knowledge Representation in PARKA. cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A Fisher, Matthew J
Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En- Survey – 369 Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organiza-
hancements – 337 tions: A Preliminary Report – 298
Ferrante, Fred A
PRA: Massively Parallel Heuristic Fitzgerald, Collette
Thermal Design and Analysis of the
Search – 382
Thrust Augmented Nozzle (TAN) Injec- Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a
Ezzat, Tony tor – 93 Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill-
Trainable Videorealistic Speech Anima- ness Resembling Inhalation An-
Ferrari, Adam J thrax – 224
tion – 153
Architectural Support for Extensibility
Fahlman, Andres and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed FitzGerald, Duncan
Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Object Systems – 292 Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of
Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon Coastal Inlet Navigation Chan-
Emulsion – 256 Ferryman, Thomas A. nels – 172
Fairlie, R Flachbart, R. H.
vers – 30
A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Devel- Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant
opment Under Microgravity – 85 Fetterman, H R on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor-
Falconer, D. A. Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141
Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass tonics for Space Applications – 34
Flaherty, Kevin W.
Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag- Fiedler, H. Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL
netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Close Formation Flight of Micro- Vehicle – 60
Alone – 460 Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49
Flanagan, Patrick
Fallgren, P.
Fields, Morris P The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound
Applications of Layered Double Hydrox-
Evaluation of Multi-Sensor Unexploded Localisation – 409
ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil
Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Ordnance (UXO) Detection System De-
veloped by Geophysical Solu- Flasar, F. M.
Final Report – 87 Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
tions – 153
Fang, Shaoli Observations by the Cassini Infrared
Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Fikel, Michele Spectrometer – 446
Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Final Environmental Assessment for the
Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air Flatau, Alison B
Farahat, Ayman Force Base, New Mexico – 14 A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostric-
Story Link Detection and New Event De- tive Sensors – 156
tection are Asymmetric – 330 Fikes, Richard
Computing Trust from Revision His- Fleming, J W
Farthing, Matthew W tory – 435 Dynamics and Suppression Effective-
Efficient Steady-State Solution Tech- ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in
niques for Variably Saturated Groundwa- Finkelstein, Sydney Non-Premixed Counterflow
ter Flow – 145 Building SMART Leadership – 423 Flames – 87
B-20
Fleshman, J W Fourcade, J. Franke, E.
Organization of Response Areas in Fer- Design of the GNC System for a New Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply
ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 Concept of X-Ray Distributed Tele- with Special Provision for Experiences in
scope – 414 ISAF 2003 – 269
Florens, Laurence
Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Fourcade, Jean Frankey, Brian
Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High- Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed
Merozoites – 223 Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51 Detonation Engine – 113
Flowe, Rob Fowke, Jay H Frazier, J M

Molecular Markers of Estrogen Metabo- The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its
Joint Capabilities and System-of-System
lism and Progression From High-Grade use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics:
Solutions: A Case for Crossing Solution
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (HG- Quality and Performance Param-
Domains – 312
PIN) to Prostate Cancer – 216 eters – 82
Fluegel, B. Fowler, K R Frechette, Luc G
Impurity-Band Model for GaP1- Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models
xNx – 180 Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
for Groundwater Flow and Trans- Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
Flynn, E T port – 352 ings – 161
Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With Fox, Christopher L. Fredriksson, Brian E
40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256 Magnetic Field Response Measurement Globalness: Toward a Space Power
Acquisition System – 140 Theory – 33
Flynn, Robert H
Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs Fox, H W Freeman, Angelina
for Belknap County, New Hamp- Nonelectronic Countermeasures for In- Investigation of Factors Affecting the
shire – 171 frared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ra-
Heat Decoys as Countermea- tio Discriminant – 370
Scoping of Flood Hazard Mapping Needs sures – 461
for Coos County, New Hampshire – 197 Freeman, Kimberly
Fox, Melanie L.
Follis, R H Final Environmental Assessment for the
Report of Visits to Singapore and Defensive Training Initiative, Cannon Air
Acquisition System – 140
Djakarta – 220 Force Base, New Mexico – 14
Fox, Robert L.
Frenchik, Michael D
Foltyn, Lukas Magnetic Field Response Measurement
Acquisition System – 140 A Microplate Assay for the Determination
Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial
of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220
Environment – 333 Fraider, Victoria
Frey, R.
Fontanot, Sergio The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 14
New Perspectives for Power Transmis- Fraley, Chris the Si/W ECAL – 406
sion in the European Liberalized Electric- Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mix-
ity Market and Possible Role of Four- ture Estimation and Model-Based Clus- Freytag, D.
Phase Systems – 132 tering – 368 First Results with Prototype Detectors of
Fontecilla, Rodrigo Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust
A Convergence Theory for a Class of Model-Based Segmentation of Microar- Fridlind, Ann M.
Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained ray Images – 369 CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective
Optimization – 388 Fralick, Gustave C. Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
The Lack of Positive Definiteness in the FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumenta-
Hessian in Constrained Optimiza- port and Entrainment using Observations
tion Research and Development at
tion – 351 and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
Franchi, Edward Fried, L.
Fontes, A. T.
Fulfilling the Roosevelts’ Vision for Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of
American Naval Power (1923- Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystalliza-
of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition
2005) – 413 tion – 96
Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction
and Impact – 75 Franchitti, J -C Fried, Nathaniel
Forbes, J. W. Incorporating Active and Multi-Database- Erbium: YAG Laser Incision of Urethral
State Services into an OSA-Compliant Structures for Treatment of Urinary In-
Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the
Interoperability Toolkit – 310 continence After Prostate Cancer
HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to
Spray – 209
Characterize Violence with Varying Con- Francis, Scott R.
finement – 76 Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Friedlander, Arthur M
Vehicle – 60 Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im-
Forrester, Eileen
mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph-
Results of SEI Independent Research Franck, M. M. ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis
and Development Projects and Report Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated Survival – 219
on Emerging Technologies and Technol- Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on
ogy Trends – 296 Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 Friedler, Edna
Cognitive Performance in Operational
Foulkes, S. D. Frank, A. J. Environments – 266
Search for the Decay of Neutral B Me- Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor-
sons to a Neutral K Star Meson and a mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar Friedman, D.
Neutral K Meson Using the BaBar Detec- Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multi-
tor – 401 Movement – 177 junction Cell – 176
B-21
Friedman, D Furukawa, Yoko Garcia, F.
Neural Networks for Tactile Percep- Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the
tion – 294 Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua- HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to
tion – 147 Characterize Violence with Varying Con-
Friedrichsen, Danielle
Gaber, Matjaz finement – 76
Positional Cloning of an Ashkenzai Jew-
ish Hereditary Prostate Cancer – 227 Design of Current Impulse Genera- Garcia, Michael J
tor – 131 Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provi-
Frohlich, L.
Gadaj, Stefan P sions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 302
Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics
With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac- Garcia, Ramon Peyro
verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 ture – 402 Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per-
Gaddis, Steve ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter
Frye, Stuart Pilots – 267
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 Fission Surface Power for the Explora-
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 tion and Colonization of Mars – 174 Garcia-Casas, Alberto
PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD
Fu, Daniel Gaffney, Matthew
Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring Using SolidWorks & CFD to Create the
System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Next Generation Airlocks – 142 Garg, Vijay
Military Domains – 436 Gage, Kenneth S Language Stability and Stabilizability of
Discrete Event Dynamical Sys-
FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame- Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor
tems – 383
work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Ground Validation for TRMM and
Systems – 10 GPM – 200 Predicates and Predicate Transformers
for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event
Fu, Jyun-Horng Gaines, Ed
Families of Liapunov Functions for Non- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
linear Systems in Critical Cases – 369 gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Garland, Frank C
Paper No. 5B-2: Shipboard Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro-
Linear Feedback Stabilization of Nonlin- Aluminum/Steel Welded Transition Joints gram – 240
ear Systems with an Uncontrollable Criti- Evaluation and Improvements – 101
cal Mode – 393 Garrett, C M
Gaitens, M J Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha-
Fuhrer, Patrik
Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo-
RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple- sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea
mentation – 286 Galetto, F.
Pigs – 65
Quality Education and ‘Quality Pa-
Fukuchi, Kiyoshi pers’ – 166 Garrett, Lamar
Research and Development of High- Joint Service General Purpose Mask
Capacity Optical Link Technolo- Gallagher, Dennis L. (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration
gies – 291 Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision
Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa- Correction Insert Stability Evalua-
Fuller, C. R. tions – 460
A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control tion – 261
Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style Gallo, Mike Garrison, D. H.
Bays – 13 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact
gram. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, Events on the LL Parent Body – 455
Fuller, Jimmy W Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- ture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Garvey, John M
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 RLV Flight Operations Demonstration
Paper No. 4B-3: The Development of with a Prototype Nanosat Launch Vehicle
CO2 Blasting Technology in Naval Ship- Gandia, Fernando
(PREPRINT) – 63
yards – 72 PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD
and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50 Garvey, John
Fuller, Michael D Demonstration and Analysis of Reusable
Friction Stir Processing and Fusion Ganeshan, H
Launch Vehicle Operations – 40
Welding in Nickel Aluminum Propeller Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
Bronze – 95 cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Gary, g. A.
Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass
Fulton, Joseph M Ganguly, Biswa N
Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag-
LQG/LTR Optimal Attitude Control of Shockwave Propagation in Nonequilib- netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist
Small Flexible Spacecraft Using Free- rium Air Plasma – 415 Alone – 460
Free Boundary Conditions – 38 Gao, Baochong Gary, G. Allen
Fultz, Benjamin S Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry-
Marine Coatings Performance for Differ- Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth Perot Interferometers – 459
ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 and Response to Chemotherapy – 243
Gasparovich, Stephen R
Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Sur- Gao, Y P Molecular Analysis of the Caries Biofilm
face Preparation and Coatings – 73 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- in Young Permanent Teeth – 244
Fultz, George Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip Gates, Thomas S.
An Analysis of Weight Change in Fil- Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon
ters – 166 Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac- Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79
ing – 102
Furati, K M Gatlin, O H
A Computational Model for Sound Field Garber, Anne Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision Fission Surface Power for the Explora- ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
6) – 134 tion and Colonization of Mars – 174 gram) – 373
B-22
Gatto, Frank Gelman, Irwin H Geranlotis, E
Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment High Throughput Screen to Identify Multiple-Access Capability of Frequency-
Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The Novel Drugs that Inhibit Prostate Cancer Hopped Spread-Spectrum Revisited: An
National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Metastasis – 236 Exact Analysis of the Effect of Unequal
Power Levels – 404
Gaulocher, Sebastian Gendler, Sandra J
Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen Throughput and Packet Error Probability
Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu- of Cellular Frequency-Hopped Spread-
Framework – 58 mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can- Spectrum Radio Networks – 404
cer – 210 Gerard, Odile
Gauthier, Stephen E
Decision Analysis to Support Condition- Gendreau, Keith Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic
Based Maintenance Plus – 18 Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis- Tracking Capability – 387
sion – 52 Gerein, Neil
Gay, David M
A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob- Genge, Gary G. Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code
lem – 351 RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed
hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135
Ge, Yingchun
Exploration – 37 Gerlach, Karl R
ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi- Gentz, Steven J. Robust Adaptive Signal Processing
ronment – 171 Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut-
Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honey-
ter Scenarios – 85
Gea, Lie-Mine comb Conical Seal Panel – 60
Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 Geurts, Carla L M
George, Daryl
Cardiovascular and Thermal Strain dur-
Gee, R. C. ESP: Economics of Shipyard Painting,
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Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic Bid Estimating Transfer Study – 75
Trough Development – 180 Ghaffari, B
Geraniotis, E
Gee, R. H. Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multi-
Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of CDMA and Hybrid WDMA/CDMA Multi- plexing for High-Capacity Optical Net-
Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystalliza- plexing for High-Capacity Optical Net- works – 335
tion – 96 works – 335
Gehring, Jr, G A Analysis of Coherent Random-Carrier
Code-Division Multiple-Access for High-
Overcoating Inorganic Zinc Primers for Code-Division Multiple-Access for High-
Capacity Optical Networks – 122
Underwater Service (The National Ship- Capacity Optical Networks – 122
building Research Program) – 71 Distributed Detection from Multiple Sen- Ghaffari, Behzad
sors with Correlated Observa- Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence
Geigel, Joe and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405
tions – 334
An Integrated Approach to Motion and
Sound – 301 On Minimax Robust Data Fusion – 367 Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hy-
Geigel, Joseph Geraniotis, Evaggelos Optical Signals – 122
An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys- Broadcast Capability of Direct-Sequence
tem – 302 and Hybrid Spread Spectrum – 405 Ghezel-Ayagh, H
Development of a Ship Service Fuel
Geiger, Gadi Comparison of Coherent WDMA and Hy- Cell – 181
Trainable Videorealistic Speech Anima- brid WDMA/CDMA for the Multiplexing of
tion – 153 Optical Signals – 122 Ghodssi, Reza
Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
Geisz, J. F. Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
Communications – 336
Impurity-Band Model for GaP1- ings – 161
xNx – 180 Multi-Sensor Correlation and Quantiza-
tion in Distributed Detection Sys- Gholz, Eugene
Geisz, J. tems – 154 National Security Space Policy in the
III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multi- U.S. and Europe. Trends and
Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimi-
junction Cell – 176 Choices – 34
nation of Radar Targets – 337
New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple- Ghosh, Anunoy
Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High- Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time Da-
tion – 361
Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys- tabase Systems in the Framework of
tems – 176 Optimal Quantization and Fusion in Discrete Event Systems – 373
Multi-Sensor Systems for the Detection
Geitgey, Jason W of Weak Signals in Dependent Ghosh, Mrinal K
The Determination of Remaining Satellite Noise – 334 Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro-
Propellant Using Measured Moments of cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A
Inertia – 366 Quantization and Fusion for Multi-Sensor
Discrimination from Dependent Observa- Survey – 369
Gelder, L. F. tions – 383 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions
General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re- Robust Distributed Discrete-Time Block With Application to Flexible Manufactur-
placement for the 6M Specification Pack- and Sequential Detection in Uncertain ing Systems – 382
age – 76 Environments – 361 Gianardi, Jr, D M
Gelfand, Jeffrey A Robust Sequential Tests for Memoryless High Brightness from an Unstable Reso-
Internet-Based Cervical Cytology Discrimination From Dependent Obser- nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post-
Screening Program – 232 vations – 372 print) – 157
B-23
Giannecchini, Simone Givi, P Goel, Neena
Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Sys- Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub- CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac-
tems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Deci- grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu- tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225
sion Making – 387 sion Flames – 146 Goerss, James
Gibbs, M E Glass, W WindSat Applications for Weather Fore-
Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica- casters and Data Assimilation – 194
Target in Neurological and Psychiatric tions – 33 Golden, Frank
Disorders – 233
Glaude, P A The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a
Gibson, Diane L Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify
Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Orga-
Performance Results of CMMI-Based Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258
nophosphorus Compounds – 69
Process Improvement – 316 Goldenberg, Anna
Glavicic, M G Scalable Detection and Optimization of
Giersing, Birgitte K
Update on the Clinical Development of X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of N-ARY Linkages – 385
Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti-
6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstruc- Goldenson, Dennis R
Giffin, Jonathon T ture (PREPRINT) – 103 Performance Results of CMMI-Based
Automated Discovery of Mimicry At- Process Improvement – 316
tacks – 380 Glick, S. H.
Goldfedder, Brandon
Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer
Gildea, Daniel Expressive Threat Detection Validation
Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial
Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Framework – 299
Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336 Goldman, Neil
Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for
Gilkey, Robert H PV Packaging – 184 AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing,
Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptiv-
Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware- Gluck, J W ity and Trust Management – 384
ness in General Aviation Environ- Throughput and Packet Error Probability Goldsmith, Paul
ments – 411 of Cellular Frequency-Hopped Spread- Analysis of the Optical Design for the
Spectrum Radio Networks – 404 SAFIR Telescope – 416
Gill, Eberhard
A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Glumm, Monica M Goldwurm, Andrea
Interferometry – 51 Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory X-ray Observations of the Black Hole
Gillian, Ronnie E. Cues About Threat Location on Target Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of
Multidisciplinary Environments: A History Acquisition and Attention to Visual and X-ray Activity – 449
of Engineering Framework Develop- Auditory Communications – 117 Golech, Susanne A
ment – 317 Gneiting, Tilmann Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres-
Gilson, E. P. Combining Spatial Statistical and En- sion and Function of Vanilloid and En-
semble Information in Probabilistic docannabinoid Receptors – 216
Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy
Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406 Weather Forecasts – 198 Golinelli, Daniela
Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Monitoring Employment Conditions of
Gimelsheim, N
Sharpness – 368 Military Spouses – 368
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey-
nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Golja, Petra
Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Aver- Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow
Gimelshein, S during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard
aging – 198
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- Duty – 257
nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction,
and Estimation – 393 Gonzaga, Clovis C
Ginely, D. S. On the Convergence of the Mizuno-
Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD The Continuous Ranked Probability Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center
a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro- Score for Circular Variables and its Appli- of the Solution Set – 349
gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet- cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble
ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Verification – 358 Gonzales, Regina M
Growth – 183 A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design
Goan, Terrance Activities with Diverse Stakehold-
Ginley, D. S. Detecting the Misappropriation of Sensi- ers – 310
Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic tive Information through Bottleneck Moni-
Gonzalez, Francois
Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 toring – 438
Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Godfroy, Tom Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51
Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi- Fission Surface Power for the Explora-
als – 179 Gonzalez, Richard R
tion and Colonization of Mars – 174 Heart Rate Variability as an Index of
Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and
Godkar, Praful B
Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem- Dehydrated Rats – 87
plate Layers – 177 Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water
Soluble Extracts Protect Against Goode, Adam
Giordano, C. M. Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures Scalable Detection and Optimization of
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chlo- From Rat Forebrain – 222 N-ARY Linkages – 385
ride Solutions Containing Organic Ac-
ids – 81 Godrey, R J Gord, J R
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Experimental Study of Deflagration-to-
Giuli, Richard Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Detonation Enhancement Techniques in
IRIS: Integrate, Relate. Infer. Acid Administered in Drinking Water in a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En-
Share – 329 Rats and Mice – 203 gine – 27
B-24
Gordon, Mark S Greeley, Hard P Grimmett, Doug
Electronic Structure Studies of High En- Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Benchmark Analysis of NURC Multistatic
ergy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 93 Sound – 19 Tracking Capability – 387
Electronic Structure Studies of Green, D. Benchmark Evaluation of Multistatic
Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Va- Trackers – 413
Gordon, Richard K uum Decay – 397 Contact-Level Multistatic Sonar Data
Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water Green, Donald J Simulator for Tracker Performance As-
Soluble Extracts Protect Against Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and sessment – 314
Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm Grimmett, Richard F
From Rat Forebrain – 222 Eisenia fetida – 74 Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia:
Gore, Joseph Green, Lawrence L. Potential Implications – 23
Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites Decision Support Methods and Grimshaw, Andrew S
Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster Tools – 387
Mission – 117 Architectural Support for Extensibility
Uncertainty Analysis for a Jet Flap Air- and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed
Gorham, Edward D foil – 15 Object Systems – 292
gram – 240 Green, R. Grimsley, G B
Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Gorham, P. W. with M3 – 450 ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos gram) – 373
via Coherent Radio Emission – 420 Green, Rob
Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten- Grisham, L.
Gorjanc, Jurij tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy
Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat- Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406
ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Greene, William D.
RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- Gritz, Larry
Gosink, L.
hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space An Integrated Approach to Motion and
HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Exploration – 37
Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Sound – 301
Bitmap Indices – 440 Greenwood, D. An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys-
Gough, John H Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the tem – 302
HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to
Test of Models RAA and RAB Receiving Groenland, T.
Characterize Violence with Varying Con-
Equipments – 123 Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For-
finement – 76
Gowrisankaran, Swaminathan mation Flying – 62
Gregory, Don A.
Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Grosshandler, William
Functionally Graded Propellants – 111 Optical and Mechanical Properties of
Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159 Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame
Grady, Monica Behind a Step – 90
Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules Greif, R
Effect of the Forearm Tissue Tempera- Groves, J F
in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor-
ture on the Cold Induced Vasodila- Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum
ite Fall – 457
tion – 198 Materials Processing Technology – 91
Graetzel, M.
Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor- Gremaud, Pierre A Gschwender, Lois
mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar On a Powder Consolidation Prob- An Analysis of Weight Change in Fil-
Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge lem – 69 ters – 166
Movement – 177 Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Guang, C.
Granata, J E Through Nonaxisymmetric Hop- Cryostat with Foil and MLI – 419
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- pers – 144
Gubina, Ferdo
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- Griffin, Timothy E
bit – 35 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
Super Gate Turn-Off Thyristor – 141 1 – 130
Grasso, Raffaele
Griffiths, J F
Geo-Spatial Tactical Decision Aid Sys- Gubner, John
A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Devel-
tems: Fuzzy Logic for Supporting Deci- Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly-
sion Making – 387 Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro-
Grimes, J. cess – 362
Gravens, Mark B
Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396
Guen, Levent
Transformation – 377 Grimes, John G Tandem Queueing Systems Subject to
Graves, Robert J Department of Defense Net-Centric Blocking With Phase Type Servers: Ana-
Developing Scheduling Standards Using Spectrum Management Strategy – 403 lytical Solutions and Approxima-
Regression Analysis: An Application tions – 343
Grimit, Eric P
Guide – 376 The Continuous Ranked Probability Guenduez, Mustafa E.
Gray-Hann, P. Score for Circular Variables and its Appli- Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL
Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180 cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble Vehicle – 60
Verification – 358
Graziano, Mariella Guest, DeNeice
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren- Grimm, O. Verification and Validation of NASA-
dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora- Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics Supported Enhancements to the Near
tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
bits – 59 verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 ing System (HABSOS) – 173
B-25
Guevara, Carolina Haag, Richard S Hall, Kenneth C
Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma-
Infections in Andean Northern (The National Shipbuilding Research chinery Airfoils – 142
Peru – 218 Program) – 104
Hall, Stanley
Guillaume, Anne Haas, F Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
Comment ameliorer la selection et le Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
traitement des messages verbaux? (How tonics for Space Applications – 34 tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous
to Improve the Selection and Processing Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
Haas, Gary A
of Verbal Messages) – 121 load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
Three-Dimensional Change Detection
Guinard, Dominique With the Use of an Evidence Grid – 154 agement Tools – 267
RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple- Hallenbeck, John
Hadaegh, Fred Y.
mentation – 286 Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity
An Overview of the Formation and Atti-
Gulyaeva, T. L. tude Control System for the Terrestrial are Down-Regulated During Hibernation
Comparison of Two IRI plasmasphere Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer- in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223
Extensions with GPS-TEC Observa- ometer – 53 Hallett, John
tions – 460
Haddad, Diana Cirrus Characterization for Laser Propa-
Gumbert, Clyde r. Novel Antigen Identification Method for gation and Global Modeling – 194
Decision Support Methods and Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
Tools – 387 by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En- Hamalainen, H.
coding Exons from the Parasite Ge- Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on
Gunasekar, P G nome – 224 Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field
Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha- Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo- Hagemeister, Kurt W Training Operation – 268
sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Computerized Compendium of Stan-
Pigs – 65 dards – 429 Hamins, Anthony
Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame
Gundel, Alexander Haguenauer, P. Behind a Step – 90
Support of Mission and Work Scheduling Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using
by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276 A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner Haney, R J
and Baseline Rotation – 416 Polymorphous Computing Architecture
Gundling, Ernest
Hahn, Andrew (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements
on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292
NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts
Guo, Jianwen Directorate Mission and Trade Study Hanley, W.
Encapsulation Application Research of Analysis – 374
ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi- Multiple-Event Location Using the
ronment – 171 Hahn, Fletcher F Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Tech-
Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois: nique – 290
Gupta, M. K. CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role
Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of Hanna, M. C.
the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple
Mode – 187 Hahn, James K Exciton Generation – 178
Gupta, Satyandra K Hansch, Steven
Sound – 301
A Geometric Algorithm for Automated Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee
Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manu- An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys- Children from Burma – 86
facturing Multi-Material Objects – 161 tem – 302
Hansen, Les
Evaluating Product Machinability for Haimerl, Joseph A
Feasibility Study: Automated Painting of
Concurrent Engineering – 385 Neural Networks for Sequential Discrimi- Pipe Pieces, Hangers, and Other Small
nation of Radar Targets – 337 Parts: Maximizing Shop Painting Opera-
Guruli, Georgi
Activation and Protection of Dendritic Hale, Douglas A tions Task 3.84.4 – 72
Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environ- The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Hansen, Thorkild B
ment – 227 Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri-
Probe-Corrected Near-Field Measure-
mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203
Guynn, Mark ments on a Truncated Cylinder – 390
NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Hale, M. J.
Hanson, Hans
Directorate Mission and Trade Study Solargenix Energy Advanced Parabolic
Analysis – 374 Trough Development – 180 Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir-
culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0,
Guyton, James D Halfhide, Y F Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor-
Experiences with a Survey Tool for Dis- Overview of Sortie-Numbers in Various phology Change – 124
covering Network Time Protocol Serv- Operations (Overzicht Sortie-Aantallen in
ers – 323 Diverse Operaties) – 6 Hansson, Gunnar C
Gwaltney, D. A. Hall, Calllie and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu-
Comparison of Communication Architec- Verification and Validation of NASA- mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can-
tures for Spacecraft Modular Avionics Supported Enhancements to the Near cer – 210
Systems – 25 Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
ing System (HABSOS) – 173 Hanzalek, W
Gwinner, D. High Strength Steels Produced by Ad-
Strategic Planning of Communications Hall, John A vanced Metallurgical Processes (The
and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Energy Technologies Program – 177 Personnel – 20 gram) – 100
B-26
Hao, Xianjun Hashiguchi, Tomohiro Hawkins, Jeffrey
A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst WindSat Applications for Weather Fore-
Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom- Switching/Optical Access Net- casters and Data Assimilation – 194
eters – 112 work – 281
Hawkins, P J
Harai, Hiroaki Hashim, S A Marine Coatings Performance for Differ-
Studies on Architecture and Control The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73
Technology for Optical Packet gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium,
Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Sur-
Switches – 127 Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives
face Preparation and Coatings – 73
Hardaway ,Jr , C S Hayduk, Michael J
Hashimoto, Tatsuaki
Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41
Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2
Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Orbit – 55 Hayes, John P
Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break-
The Relative Position Control in Forma- Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit
water Systems – 194
tion Flying Satellites Using Super- Synthesis and Testing – 138
Hardy, Darren R Conducting Magnets – 62 Hayward, Simon W
Customized Information Extraction as a Hasibuan, Franky Therapy Selection by Gene Profil-
Basis for Resource Discovery – 435 ing – 237
Hargus, Jr , William A gram – 240 He, Daqing
Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution Hass, D D Exploring Interactive Relevance Feed-
in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum back With a Two-Pass Study De-
(Preprint) – 404 Materials Processing Technology – 91 sign – 427
Hargus Jr , William A Hassi, Juhani Head, J. W. III
Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD- Prediction and Prevention of Frost- Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 bite – 242 with M3 – 450
Hargus, Jr , WIlliam Hastings, L. J. Head, James W., III
Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex- Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
pansion Model with Experimental Data on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor- tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
(Preprint) – 42 mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141 Head, James W, III
Hatakeyama, Ichiro Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
Hargus, William A
Research and Development of High- tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
Comparison of Numerical and Experi- Capacity Optical Link Technolo-
mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of Heagy, Dale
gies – 291
the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre- Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment
print) – 311 Hatch, Andrew Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The
Model Development and Inverse Com- National Shipbuilding Program) – 100
Complementary Density Measurements
for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PRE- Hedayat, A.
PRINT) – 417 Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant
Model Development for Piezoceramic on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor-
Harper, William H Nanopositioners – 106 mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141
Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Heider, Jr , P F
(JSGPM) Human Systems Integration
(HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398 Fluidized Bed Biodenitrification Pro-
Correction Insert Stability Evalua- Hathaway, David H. cess – 86
tion – 261 Examination of the Armagh Observatory Heimbigner, Dennis
Annual Mean Temperature Record, A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for
Harper, William
1844-2004 – 199 Distributed Configuration Manage-
The Effect of Various Display Modalities
on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task Hathaway, Michael D. ment – 310
Performance – 265 Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas A Reusable, Distributed Repository for
Turbine – 29 Configuration Management Policy Pro-
Harris, Joe
Hattrup, Christine L gramming – 312
gram. Combined Abrasive Recycling and Interaction of the MUC1 Tumor Antigen Active Relations for Specifying and
Containment - Final Report With Sum- and the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Tu- Implementing Software Object Manage-
mary and Conclusions – 67 mor Suppressor in Human Breast Can- ment – 326
cer – 210
Investigating the Applicability of Architec-
Harrison, Catherine
Haumschilt, Lynwood P ture Description in Configuration Man-
Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Siz- Group Technology/Flow Applications Re- agement and Software Deploy-
ing – 279 search (The National Shipbuilding Re- ment – 303
Harrison, Richard search Program) – 260 Held, B
A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In- Hausgen, P Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza-
vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec-
Maintaining Alertness and Performance tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- tronic Devices – 434
in Sustained Military Ground Opera- bit – 35
tions – 240 Helfer, Thomas M
Hauss, Bruce Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S.
Hart, Sean J A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics
Refractive Index Determination of Bio- Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom- from April 1, 2003, through March 31,
logical Particles – 97 eters – 112 2004 – 253
B-27
Helizon, Roger Herlocker, Jon Hinglais, Emmanuel
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn- SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High-
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data- Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51
bit – 35 Poor Domains – 330
Hinze, Nicholas
Hellman, H. Herman, Peter NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta-
Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For- Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM)
mation Flying – 62 Perot Interferometers – 459 Compared with Other Forecasts – 5
Henderson, L M Hernandez, Corey D. Hirsch, Brian J
Report of Visit to the Public Health Col- Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Maneuver Estimation Model for Geosta-
lege and Training Center at Gondar, Feb- Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 tionary Orbit Determination – 38
ruary 22-25, 1961 – 219 Herren, Kenneth Hirsh, Hayn
Henderson, Thomas C Optical and Mechanical Properties of Adding Numbers to Text Classifica-
Agent-Based Engineering Drawing Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159 tion – 428
Analysis – 324 Hertz, L Hitzrot, William
Explicit and Persistent Knowledge in En- Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gineering Drawing Analysis – 301 Target in Neurological and Psychiatric gram. Reduced Volume of Spent Abra-
Disorders – 233 sive in Open Air Blasting – 67
Hendler, James
Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Hetrick, Griffin Hoagland, N. T.
Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En- Effects of Frequency and Environment Integration of an Economy Under Imper-
hancements – 337 on Fatigue Behavior of an Oxide-Oxide fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco-
Ceramic Matrix Composite at 1200 Deg. logical Model – 283
Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning C – 88
With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336 Hoek, Andre van der
Heus, Ronald A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for
Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261 Distributed Configuration Manage-
tures and Motion Control – 300
Hewett, J. L. ment – 310
Search – 382 Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Pa- A Reusable, Distributed Repository for
rameters – 401 Configuration Management Policy Pro-
Henkel, Sven gramming – 312
Components for Cooperative Intrusion Heyman, Richard E
Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduc- Investigating the Applicability of Architec-
Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environ-
tion Systems for Family Maltreatment, ture Description in Configuration Man-
ments – 317
Suicidality, and Substance Problems in agement and Software Deploy-
Hennon, Christopther C the USAF – 257 ment – 303
Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from Hoek, Andre Van Der
Hickey, Patrick
WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195 Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activi-
Hensel, S. J. vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for ties – 377
Type B Package Radioactive Material Maintaining Alertness and Performance Hoekstra, A
Content Compliance – 76 in Sustained Military Ground Opera-
NATO Advanced Research Workshop:
tions – 240
Henshall, Paul Optics of Biological Particles. Held in
A Proposal to Develop and Test a Fibre- Hilal, S. H. Novosibirsk, Russia on 3-6 Oct
Optic Coupled Solar Thermal Propulsion Estimation of Hydrolysis Rate Constants 2005 – 415
System for Microsatellites – 415 of Carboxylic Acid Ester and Phosphate Hoeschl, Pavel
Ester Compounds in Aqueous Systems
Hepburn, Frank L. Growth and Characterization of Large
from Molecular Structure by
Diameter CdNzTe Crystals – 138
High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec- SPARC – 282
tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space Hoff, Peter D
Hildreth, Bruce L.
Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on- Model Averaging and Dimension Selec-
Progress Toward a Format Standard for
Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45 tion for the Singular Value Decomposi-
tion – 395
Heppner, D G Hildreth, Steven A
Update on the Clinical Development of Hoffmaster, Alex R
Airborne Laser (ABL): Issues for Con-
Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a
gress – 158
Heraud, Jean-Michel Hill, Christopher A ness Resembling Inhalation An-
Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Theoretical Modeling of the Transient Ef- thrax – 224
Against Monkeypox – 228 fects of a Towline Using the Method of
Hofmann, Hubert F
Herencia, Julio Antonio Carbayo Characteristics – 16
Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organiza-
Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per- Hiller, R. tions: A Preliminary Report – 298
ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at
Pilots – 267 the Savannah River Site – 110 Hogan, J H
Thermal Conductivity of Composites Un-
Hergenrother, Paul M. Hillman, T. der Different Heating Scenarios – 420
Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water
ides and Copolyimides – 75 Systems Analysis – 182 Hoge, Charles W.
Building Psychological Resiliency and
Hericko, Marjan Hillson, Roger Mitigating the Risks of Combat and De-
Identification of Suitable Design-Pattern Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Im- ployment Stressors Faced by Sol-
Realizations – 303 pact Models – 412 diers – 278
B-28
Impact of Combat Duty in Iraq and Af- Hoover, Timothy A Howell, K. C.
ghanistan on the Mental Health of U.S. Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Formations Near the Libration Points:
Soldiers: Findings from the Walter Reed mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- Design Strategies Using Natural and
Army Institute of Research Land Combat ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Non-Natural Arcs – 49
Study – 277 Survival – 219
Howser, B C
Hoke, J L Hopcroft, Robyn Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Pro-
Experimental Study of Deflagration-to- Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime duced by Advanced Metallurical Pro-
Detonation Enhancement Techniques in Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 cesses (The National Shipbuilding Re-
a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En- search Program) – 98
Hoppe, Daniel
gine – 27
Analysis of the Optical Design for the Howser, Ben
Hoke, John SAFIR Telescope – 416 Tracking System for Automatic Welding.
Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed Horne, W. Clifton Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip
Detonation Engine – 113 Life for Through-the-Arc Welding Sys-
Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the tem – 163
in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- Hoyt, Reed W
Initiation of Detonation in a Large nel – 1 Heart Rate Variability as an Index of
Tube – 27 Horrey, William J Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and
Supporting Situation Assessment Dehydrated Rats – 87
Integration of a Pulsed Detonation En-
gine With an Ejector Pump and With a through Attention Guidance: A Cost- Hryniewicz, Anna
Turbo-Charger as Methods to Self- Benefit and Depth of Processing Analy- Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects
Aspirate – 28 sis – 259 Against Monkeypox – 228
Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation En- Horsmon, Jr , Albert W Hu, Yan-Ru
gine With a Turbine – 28 Computerized Compendium of Stan- Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft
dards – 429 Formation Flying – 59
Holder, Donald W.
The Exploration Water Recovery Sys- Horsmon, Jr, Albert W
Huaman, Alfredo
tem – 442 Standards Database Maintenance
Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira
Phase II – 425
Holland, Dwight Infections in Andean Northern
Horvat, Bogomir Peru – 218
Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
Huang, C.
tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous 1 – 130
Wake: Implications for Automated Work- Hosangadi, Ashvin Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407
load Control Systems as Fatigue Man- Characterization and Analyses of Valves,
agement Tools – 267 Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant Huang, D H
Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112 Innovative Concepts for SSA Applica-
Hollett, R D tions – 33
At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Houghteling, Bob
Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Huang, M. X.
Technique and First Results – 387 Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The Observational Signatures and Non-
National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 Gaussianities of General Single Field In-
Holmes, Michael D flation – 397
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Houlette, Ryan
gram. 1995 Ship Production Symposium. Building SASO Wargaming Simulations Huang, T S
Paper No. 13: 3-D Computerized Mea- Without Programmers – 309 Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107
suring Systems for Increased Accuracy Hourlier, Sylvain Huber, Heinz
and Productivity in Shipbuilding and Re-
Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon-
pair – 311
Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational drites – 189
Holmes, Violeta Flights: A Human Factors Ap-
The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for proach – 10
Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications
Parallel Computing – 285 House, Carol for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and
Holt, Mike Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189
ISS Internal Active Thermal Control Sys- during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard
Huebner, Robert C
tem (IATCS) Coolant Remediation Duty – 257
Project -2006 Update – 80 Houts, Mike Standard Particle for Performance Verifi-
Honeyman, Allen L Fission Surface Power for the Explora- cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec-
Transcriptional Analysis of the bgIP Gene tion and Colonization of Mars – 174 tion Systems – 112
from Streptococcus mutans – 229 Houtsma, Adrianus Hulka, James
Hoover, David L Speech Intelligibility with Acoustic and Local Heat Flux Measurements with
A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres- Contact Microphones – 121 Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial
sion System for Proteomic Analy- How, Jonathan P. Element-Injectors – 61
sis – 241 GVE-Based Dynamics and Control for Hull, Patrick V.
Cloning, Expression, and Purification of Formation Flying Spacecraft – 53 Habitat Design Optimization and Analy-
Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro- Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate- sis – 452
teins – 254 gies – 53
Hull, R
Hoover, Richard Howard, David E. Incorporating Active and Multi-Database-
Fossil Microorganisms in Ar- Motor Controller System For Large Dy- State Services into an OSA-Compliant
chaean – 168 namic Range of Motor Operation – 165 Interoperability Toolkit – 310
B-29
Humphrey, Marty Adaptive Compensators for Perturbed Jaegar, Stefan
VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Positive Real Infinite Dimensional Sys- Entropy, Perception, and Relativ-
Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 tems – 378 ity – 427
Humphrey, Watts Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP Jaeger, Stephen M.
Systems of Systems: Scaling Up the Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflec- Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi-
Development Process – 327 tance – 135 span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the
Real-Time Process Monitoring by NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun-
Humphreys, F J
P-Polarized Reflectance Spectroscopy nel – 1
and Closed-Loop Control of Vapor Phase Jaenen, Suzanne
Epitaxy – 419 Optimizing Operational Physical Fit-
peratures – 102
Ito, Kazi ness – 271
Humphreys, Robert E
Intra-Prostate Cancer Vaccine In- Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Mag- Jahnke, Marko
ducer – 249 netorheological Fluids – 145 Components for Cooperative Intrusion
Ito, Kazufumi Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environ-
Hung, Chou ments – 317
Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Gaussian Filters for Nonlinear Filtering
Spikes – 252 Problems – 348 JaJa, J
Ito, Toshiharu Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for
Hunter, James R Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 Nets – 326
Hurst, Cindy gies – 291 Jakobsson, Bjoern
China’s Oil Rush in Africa – 107 Itoh, Hiroshi Autonomous GNC Strategy for Three
Husemann, Joyce A Novel Techniques and Their Applications Formation Flying Micro Satellites in
for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of GTO – 57
Histogram Estimators of Bivariate Densi-
ties – 365 Welded Structures (The National Ship- James, John T.
building Research Program) – 162 Pulmonary Toxicity of Carbon Nano-
Hust, G. A.
Itti, Laurent tubes: Ethical Implications and Human
Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor-
Risk Assessment – 201
rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo- Attentional Selection for Object Recogni-
ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 tion - A Gentle Way – 340 James, Kevin D.
Huxel, Paul J. Iwaniczko, E. Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi-
span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the
Navigation Algorithms for Formation Fly- 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc-
NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun-
ing Missions – 52 tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as
nel – 1
the Emitter and Back Contact – 183
Hwang, P. K. F. James, Soo H
Cryostat with Foil and MLI – 419 Jabbour, Rabih E
Ickes, Brian S Test Techniques for Measuring the At-
Gear Efficiencies in the Fish Component tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear-
Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass
of the Long Term Resource Monitoring ing Protectors – 410
Spectrometry – 235
Program: Predicted versus Observed James, Soo
Catch – 114 Jackson, E. Bruce
Investigating Double Hearing Protection
Progress Toward a Format Standard for
IJzerman, C. using Human Subjects – 411
The Risk Assessment of Occupational James, William F
and Environmental Hazards – 272 Jackson, Eric M.
Building SMART Leadership – 423
Im, Hong G per Mississippi River Backwater
Effects of Flow Transients on the Burning Jackson, P A Lake – 85
Velocity of Laminar Hydrogen/Air Pre- Polymorphous Computing Architecture Jameson, Jr, Robert E
mixed Flames – 353 (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements
Development and Validation of Reentry
Imaizumi, Hideaki Simulation Using MATLAB – 390
Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Jackson, Terresa
Janning, Dan S
Switching/Optical Access Net- Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring
Measurement of the Propagation Con-
work – 281 System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific
stant of Surface Waves on a Periodic
Military Domains – 436
Imbriale, William Array (Preprint) – 137
Analysis of the Optical Design for the Jacobs, William
Jarrell, Michael A.
SAFIR Telescope – 416 RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- New Technologies for Reducing Aviation
hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space
Imrich, K. J. Weather-Related Accidents – 24
Exploration – 37
Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef- Jean-Bertrand, Nottet
fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves- Jacobson, Stuart A
Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis-
sels – 77 Demonstration of a Microfabricated High- sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence
Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear- after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411
Ishido, Motoi ings – 161
A Four-Component Decomposition of Jederberg, W W
POLSAR Image – 426 Jacobstein, A. Ronald
Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment
Method and Apparatus for the Portable of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111
Ito, K Identification Of Material Thickness And
A Computational Model for Sound Field Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Jeffries, Rhett
Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision Spatially Controlled Heat Applica- Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma-
6) – 134 tion – 113 chinery Airfoils – 142
B-30
Jelenak, Zorana Johnson, D. K. Jones, Sharon
WindSat Applications for Weather Fore- Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con-
casters and Data Assimilation – 194 Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 cepts Directorate Technology
Jennings, D. J. Johnson, Dagny E. Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Jones, W L
Observations by the Cassini Infrared Physical and Cognitive Function during Hurricane Wind Vector Estimates from
Spectrometer – 446 Continuous Operations – 274 WindSat Polarimetric Radiometer – 195
Jennison, Chris Johnson, Dagny Jonkman, A.
Making Robot Planes Useful for Scien- Visual Perception, Flight Performance, Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to
tific Investigation of Earth – 13 and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness
Jensen, E. J. tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous during Sustained Operations – 273
Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
Homogeneous Aerosol Freezing in the Joo, Inhak
agement Tools – 267 A Smart Web Platform for Telematics
imbus Clouds – 195
Johnson, J. C. Services Toward Ubiquitous Environ-
Jensen, Eric J. ments – 324
Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple
Role of Deep Convection in Establishing
Exciton Generation – 178 Jordan, Angel
the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor
in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Johnson, Nicholas A Results of SEI Independent Research
The Continuous Ranked Probability and Development Projects and Report
Jensen, Randy on Emerging Technologies and Technol-
Score for Circular Variables and its Appli-
Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to ogy Trends – 296
cation to Mesoscale Forecast Ensemble
an Existing Training Simulation – 332
Verification – 358 Jordan, Nikki N
Jersey, Sarah R Johnson, S. Postdeployment Hearing Loss in U.S.
Expedient Gap Definition Using 3D LA- Understanding the Potential and Limita- Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics
DAR – 155 tions of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar from April 1, 2003, through March 31,
Jessup, John G Cells – 181 2004 – 253
Implementation of Advanced Technology Johnston, Sterling Jordon, Mark L
in the Shipbuilding Industry -- Pilot Work-
Combining Welding Expert Systems With Activation and Protection of Dendritic
shop Report – 379 Welding Databases to Improve Ship- Cells in the Prostate Cancer Environ-
Jester, S. building Production (The National Ship- ment – 227
Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet building Research Program) – 164
with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 Jorgensen, G. J.
Jolly, J A
Development of Damp-Heat Resistant
Jett, Marti Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Ap- Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsu-
Breast Cancer in African American proach to Managing Innovation in the lant Formulations at NREL – 175
Women: Molecular Analysis of Differ- Public Sector – 426
ences in Incidence and Out- Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for
Jolly, M R PV Packaging – 184
comes – 201 Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Mag-
Jezernik, Karel netorheological Fluids – 145 Jorgensen, Torben
Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. Jones, D. E. G. Localization Performance of Real and
1 – 130 Virtual Sound Sources – 21
Jha, Somesh FOX-7 – 96 Joshi, C.
Automated Discovery of Mimicry At- Jones, Dayton L. Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays
tacks – 380 Weak-signal Phase Calibration Strate- Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407
Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI gies for Large DSN Arrays – 46
Joshi, K. N.
on PKI – 327 Jones, Gregg Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of
Jin, S. Local Heat Flux Measurements with the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation
Applications of Layered Double Hydrox- Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial Mode – 187
ides in Removing Oxyanions from Oil Element-Injectors – 61
Refining and Coal Mining Wastewater. Jost, Hans-Juerg
Jones, Jack
Final Report – 87 CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective
Software to Convert Mechanical Desktop Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
Jin, Victoria Y Solid Models into Facet Files for Input to FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
Computation of Delays in Acyclical Dis- Xpatch – 313 port and Entrainment using Observations
tributed Decisionmaking Organiza- and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
Jones, Jerald E
tions – 429
Combining Welding Expert Systems With Jung, Mira O
Jisl, Pavel Welding Databases to Improve Ship-
Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial building Production (The National Ship- Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases for
Environment – 333 building Research Program) – 164 Radiosensitization of Prostate Can-
cer – 215
Johannesson, G. Jones, Rhian H.
Multiple-Event Location Using the Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt Junphong, P.
Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Tech- Breccia that Experienced Post-shock An- System of Nanosecond 280-kevV-
nique – 290 nealing – 457 He(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418
Johnson, Bradley D Jones, Ronald Juricic, Dani
Including Nearshore Processes in Video Moving Target Indication in the Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste-
Phase-Averaged Hydrodynamics Mod- Analysts’ Detection Support Sys- water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive
els – 391 tem – 153 Principal Component Analysis – 376
B-31
Jurkovic, Franc Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Karason, Steingrimur P
Electromechanical Television Systems Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications Identification and Control of Haptic Sys-
with a Non-Uniform Image Analysis and for Parent-body Aqueous Alteration and tems: A Computational Theory – 350
Synthesis – 131 Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189
Karinkanta, J.
Justh, Eric W Kalyanaram, Vaniambadi S Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on
Convergence Analysis of a Class of Net- Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field
works of Nonlinear Coupled Oscilla- Against Monkeypox – 228 Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
tors – 128 Kamae, T. Training Operation – 268
Justh, Hilary L. Design and Performance of the Soft Karinthi, Raghu R
Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis- Evaluating Product Machinability for
Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve- sion – 450 Concurrent Engineering – 385
nus and Earth – 452 Kamaepakov, T. Karl, William C
Justus, C. G. Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-) Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal
Global Reference Atmospheric Models, and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p Classification – 438
Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve- Interaction in Astronomical Environ-
ment – 449 Karlsson, N.
Kaaret, Philip Kamijoh, Takeshi
X-ray Observations of the Black Hole OCDM Transmission Experiments on Interaction in Astronomical Environ-
Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 ment – 449
X-ray Activity – 449 Kamimori, Gary H. Karpovich, John F
Kabbur, M B The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Architectural Support for Extensibility
Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha- Physical and Cognitive Function during and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed
nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo- Continuous Operations – 274 Object Systems – 292
sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea Kamio, Yukiyoshi Karsai, G
Pigs – 65 OCDM Transmission Experiments on Web-based Open Tool Integration
Kachru, S. JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Framework – 299
Observational Signatures and Non- Kaneda, Ryosuke Kartalev, Monio D
Gaussianities of General Single Field In- The Relative Position Control in Forma-
flation – 397 New Techniques in Space Weather Fore-
tion Flying Satellites Using Super- casting – 40
Kaczmarek, Malgosia Conducting Magnets – 62
Nanoparticles Doped, Photorefractive Kaspi, R
Kano, Shinya
Liquid Crystals – 94 Performance Comparison of Optically
Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super- Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared La-
Kahng, Seun K. Network – 117
sers – 158
Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon Kantor, George A
Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79 Kasputis, Stephen
Linear Control Theory as Applied to
Composable Simulations – 305
Kai, Yutaka Smart Structures – 372
Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF Katta, Viswanath
Kanungo, Tapas
for Remotely Controlling Lambda- Initiation of Detonation in a Large
Software Architecture of PSET: A Page
Paths – 126 Tube – 27
Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit – 300
Kaiser, Edward C Kao, Chinghai Kauffmann, Paul
Edge-Splitting in a Cumulative Multimo- PSES-A Novel Prostate Specific Chi- Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen-
dal System, for a No-Wait Temporal meric Enhancer for Prostate Cancer etration of Cockpit Weather Information
Threshold on Information Fusion, Com- Gene Therapy – 246 Systems – 25
bined with an Under-Specified Dis- Kauranen, Kari
play – 336 Kapila, Vikram
Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun- Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili-
Kaiser, Kevin Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Gen- tary Field Training in Winter and the
Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro- eration and Adaptive Full-State Feed- Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira-
gram – 240 back Control – 52 tory Fitness – 262
Kalata-Olson, Jody Kaplan, A M Kavaya, Michael J.

The Inherent Visible Light Signature of Fluidized Bed Biodenitrification Pro- Improving Reliability of High Power
an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light cess – 86 Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating
Source Due to Combined Raman and in Long Pulse Mode – 156
Kaplan, D. I.
Fluorescence Effects – 414 Kawaguchi, Yoshiharu
From Sequential Extraction to Transport
Kalisz, Irene Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation Regulation of p53 Activity by Reversible-
Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Acetylation in Prostate Tumor Suppres-
Against Monkeypox – 228 Contaminants – 64 sion – 206
Kallemeyn, Gregory W. Kaplan, Jeremy M Kawanishi, Tetsuya

Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from A New Conceptual Framework for Net- Advanced Optical Modulators for Next-
the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For- Centric, Enterprise-Wide, System-of- generation Photonic Networks – 126
mation from H3 Chondrite Material by Systems Engineering – 386
Kazman, Rick
Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Karamcheti, Vijay Results of SEI Independent Research
Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules Efficiently Distributing Component- and Development Projects and Report
in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor- Based Applications Across Wide-Area on Emerging Technologies and Technol-
ite Fall – 457 Environments – 295 ogy Trends – 296
B-32
Keane, J. C. Kemmer, Teresa Ketseoglou, Thomas
High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee Multireception Probabilities for FH/SSMA
Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175 Children from Burma – 86 Communications – 336
Kecskes, Laszlo J Kempe, M. D. Ketten, Darlene R
Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as Rheological and Mechanical Consider- Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Im-
a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 ations for Photovoltaic Encapsu- pact Models – 412
Kedem, Benjamin lants – 182 Kettler, Brian
Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction Kendall, Athena Knowledge Representation in PARKA.
Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti- Visual Perception, Flight Performance, Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En-
mation – 350 and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- hancements – 337
Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Para- tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Keyes, Jennifer
metric Filtering – 370 Wake: Implications for Automated Work- NASA Langley Research Center Sys-
load Control Systems as Fatigue Man- tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate
On the Contraction Mapping Method for
agement Tools – 267 Participation in the Exploration Systems
Frequency Detection – 370
Kenefick, John F Architecture Study – 459
Strong Consistency of the Contraction
Mapping Method for Frequency Estima- The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- KhairuddinHashim, Hanan Ettaher Dagez
tion – 370 gram. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Online Learning Style and e-Learning
Distributive Systems Models. Approaches – 285
Kees, C E Phase 1 – 172
Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models Khan, Altaf
for Groundwater Flow and Trans- Kenney, Patrick Sean Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction To-
port – 352 A Generic Multibody Parachute Simula- mography – 208
tion Model – 13 Khanna, Ravi
Kees, Christopher E
Efficient Steady-State Solution Tech- Kenny, Tara A Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
niques for Variably Saturated Groundwa- Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
ter Flow – 145 mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- ings – 161
Kehring, Kathy L ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Kharkovsky, S.
Survival – 219 High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec-
Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory
Cues About Threat Location on Target Keohane, Meghan tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space
Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Investigation of Factors Affecting the Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on-
Auditory Communications – 117 Transportability of the P/S Amplitude Ra- Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45
Keller, Vernon W. tio Discriminant – 370 Kharkyanen, Valeriy N
Global Reference Atmospheric Models, Kerczewski, robert J. Theoretical Investigation of the Feasibil-
Including Thermospheres, for Mars, Ve- ity of PTD-Mediated Translocation of
Performance, Capacity and Limitations
nus and Earth – 452 Proteins Across Artificial Mem-
of AMSS Communications – 115
branes – 240
Kelley, Anthony R.
Kerczewski, Robert J. Khatib, Lina
Balanced Orifice Plate – 104
Simulation and Performance of Data Temporal Planning with Preferences and
Kelley, C T Communication using AMSS – 12 Probabilities – 381
Efficient Steady-State Solution Tech-
Kerr, M Khayatian, Behrouz
niques for Variably Saturated Groundwa-
ter Flow – 145 Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu- Analysis of the Optical Design for the
lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun- SAFIR Telescope – 416
Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili- neling Devices – 132
ties Within the Positive-Differential- Khazanov, George
Resistance Regions of Tunneling De- Kersten, M. L. High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen-
vices – 132 Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration
On a Powder Consolidation Prob- Vertical Fragmentation – 280 by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of
lem – 69 BBELF Turbulence – 417
Kersten, P R
Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu- A Comparison of Change Detection Sta- Kielb, Robert E
lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun- tistics in POLSAR Images – 314 Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma-
neling Devices – 132 chinery Airfoils – 142
Keskinen, Ossi
Simulation of Nondifferentiable Models Kienholz, David A
for Groundwater Flow and Trans- Simulation of the Zero-Gravity Environ-
port – 352 ment for Dynamic Testing of Struc-
tures – 448
Kelley, D tory Fitness – 262
A Planning Guide - New Technologies in Kilberg, Steve
Kessel, R T Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites
Pipe Joint Fabrication (The National
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 162 At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster
Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement Mission – 117
Kelly, P. A. Technique and First Results – 387
The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Killcrece, Georgia
Scale – 258 Kessel, Ronald T Defining Incident Management Pro-
The Dynamics of Information Fusion: cesses for CSIRTs: A Work in
Kelly, Richard T. Synthetic Versus Misassociation – 440 Progress – 322
Integration and Application of Human
Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: As- Ketsdever, A Kilston, S.
sessment of Network Centric Warfare Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis-
Capabilities – 268 nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 sion’ – 56
B-33
Kim, Jin-Ok Kisner, James Koch, L. Danielle
Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In- An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa-
Performance: Predicting Shooting Per- vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca-
formance with Advanced Distributed Maintaining Alertness and Performance pabilities for Installed Cooling
Learning Assessments – 301 in Sustained Military Ground Opera- Fans – 407
tions – 240
Kim, Michael H Kocjan, Nina
Kistemaker, Lyda Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow
A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es-
Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261 during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard
cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for
Production of Organophosphorus Hydro- Kitayama, Ken-ichi Duty – 257
lase – 68 R&D Activities of Photonic Networks in Kodama, Takeshi
the World – 127 Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super-
Kim, Mijeong
Klein, Randal Network – 117
A Smart Web Platform for Telematics
Services Toward Ubiquitous Environ- Environmental Assessment (EA): Pro- Kodymova, Jarmila
ments – 324 posed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air COIL Operation with All-Gas Chemical
Force Base, Utah – 186 Generation of Atomic Iodine – 92
Kim, Minsoo Klemperer, Elizabeth
Koi, T.
A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Correlation of Chemical Warfare Surro-
Services Toward Ubiquitous Environ- Parameterization of Gamma, e(sup +/-)
gate Tests on Air-Permeable Chemical
ments – 324 and Neutrino Spectra Produced by p-p
Protective Uniforms – 115
Interaction in Astronomical Environ-
Kim, Taihyun Kloepping, W. ment – 449
Closed-Loop Monitoring Systems for De- Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Kojima, F
tecting Incipient Instability – 129 Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness
Identification of Materiel Damage in Two
during Sustained Operations – 273
Noisy Precursors for Nonlinear System Dimensional Domains Using Squid
Instability With Application to Axial Flow Kloeris, Vickie Based NDE System – 364
Compressors – 343 Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the
Kolacz, Richard
Last 45 Years – 255
Kim, Young-Kuk Use of Formation Flying Small Satellites
Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Incorporating OISL’s in a Tandem Cluster
Managing Contention and Timing Con- Years – 221 Mission – 117
straints in a Real-Time Database Sys-
tem – 426 Klonoff, David Kolb, G.
Second Annual Clinical Diabetes Tech- Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough
Kimmel, Bill nology Meeting – 204 Project – 177
Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Klose, K.
Analysis Capabilities – 375 Komarek, Jeanie
Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics Scalable Detection and Optimization of
With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- N-ARY Linkages – 385
King, Lisa R
verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418
Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Komerath, N
Against Monkeypox – 228 Knaus, Darin A
Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted
King, Paul I Multiple Winglets – 3
Sound – 19
Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch- Knoblich, U Konangi, Vijay K.
ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu- Performance, Capacity and Limitations
tations and Circuits in the Feedforward of AMSS Communications – 115
Propagation of Detonation Waves in
Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Simulation and Performance of Data
Tube – 27 Visual Cortex – 251 Communication using AMSS – 12
Knox, Susan J Kong, Edmund M.
King, Paul T
Selenium is a Chemotherapeutic Agent SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm
Xenon Feed System Progress – 92 for the Treatment of Prostate Can- Development and Validation Testbed:
cer – 205 Current Progress and Beyond – 55
King, R
Incorporating Active and Multi-Database- Ko, Dong-Ik Konrad, Mike
State Services into an OSA-Compliant Modeling of Block-Based DSP Sys- CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project:
Interoperability Toolkit – 310 tems – 292 What We Learned – 297
Ko, Eric C
King, William H Kooistra, Scott
Development of a Malicious Insider Com- Initial Technology Assessment for the En-
posite Vulnerability Assessment Method- vironmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB)
Monitoring the HLA-A*0201-HER-2/neu
ology – 324 System – 152
Peptide Complex – 247
Ko, Wing F Koontz, Steven L.
Kinlin, Donna
A Systems Engineering Approach to De- Electronics Shielding and Reliability De-
sign a Smart Tool Post Structure – 373 sign Tools – 47
Forces: Expanded Operational Architec-
ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- Kobayashi, Shuko Koopman, D. C.
ning and Control – 121 OCDM Transmission Experiments on Rehological Characterization of Unusal
JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 DWPF Slurry Samples – 64
Kirk, Allan D
The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant Koch, Christof Koops, A.
Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri- Attentional Selection for Object Recogni- Development of a Silent Tow Sys-
mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 tion - A Gentle Way – 340 tem – 408
B-34
Kopidakis, N. Kowalski, R. J. Neural Networks for Tactile Percep-
Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos tion – 294
Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 via Coherent Radio Emission – 420 On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar
Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor- Kramer, C. Linkages – 392
mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple- Optimal Control and Poisson Reduc-
Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High- tion – 360
Movement – 177 Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys-
tems – 176 Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies
Korte, John Connected by a Ball-in-Socket
Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Understanding the Potential and Limita- Joint – 405
Analysis Capabilities – 375 tions of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar
Cells – 181 Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central
Koshland, Catherine P Gravitational Field – 34
On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida- Kramlich, J. C.
tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Homogeneous Forcing of Mercury Oxi- Krist, Steven E.
Sprays – 83 dation to Provide Low-Cost Capture. An- Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16
Koski, H. nual Report for July 1, 2004 to June 30, Kronstadt, K A
Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on 2005 – 187 Combat Aircraft Sales to South Asia:
Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field Krasnykh, Victor Potential Implications – 23
Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Vasculature-Specific Adenovirus Vectors
Training Operation – 268 Krouse, William
for Gene Therapy of Prostate Can-
Biometric Identifiers and Border Security:
Kosnick, Scott cer – 246
9/11 Commission Recommendations
Terrorism and its Impact on the Construc- Kraus, Nicholas C and Related Issues – 260
tion Industry – 168 Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir-
culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Krupinski, Elizabeth A
Kost, Keith
Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor- B-Bit VS 11-Bit Softcopy Display for Ra-
Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organiza- diology: Diagnostic Accuracy and Visual
tions: A Preliminary Report – 298 phology Change – 124
Search Efficiency – 213
Performance Results of CMMI-Based Krauss, R H
Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed Ku, D Y
Process Improvement – 316
Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and High Strength Steels Produced by Ad-
Kostevc, Drago Water/NaOH Solutions – 352 vanced Metallurgical Processes (The
Two Methods for Calibration Without A National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Through Connection On A Three- Kreiman, Gabriel gram) – 100
Sampler Vector Analyzer – 283 Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few
Spikes – 252 Visual Reference Standards for Weld
Kothnur, Vasanth S Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99
An Experimental and Computational In- Kreiman, G
A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu- Kubica, Jeremy
vestigation of Dynamic Ductile Fracture
in Stainless Steel Welds – 103 tations and Circuits in the Feedforward Scalable Detection and Optimization of
Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate N-ARY Linkages – 385
Kottke, Thomas
Visual Cortex – 251 Kubota, Fumito
A Simple Data Logging System for Bal-
listic Applications – 135 Krieger, G. OCDM Transmission Experiments on
Close Formation Flight of Micro- JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291
Kouh, M Satellites for SAR Interferometry – 49
A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu- Kugler, Jacek
tations and Circuits in the Feedforward Krishnamurthy, Sridhar Senturion: A Predictive Political Simula-
Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Provably Good Parallel Algorithms for tion Model – 314
Visual Cortex – 251 Channel Routing of Multi-Terminal
Nets – 326 Kulkarni, P.
Kouh, Minjoon Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal
General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain Krishnan, K with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1,
Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 81
Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252
Krishnaprasad, P S Kumar, Ajay
Shape Representation in V4: Investigat- Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in
ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound- Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems
H2(II+) – 396 Analysis Capabilities – 375
ary Confirmation with the Standard
Model of Object Recognition – 252 Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body
Systems – 364 Kumar, Malay
Kovac, Dobroslav A Geometric Algorithm for Automated
Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406 Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manu-
Electrical Drive Inductive Cou-
pling – 130 Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and facturing Multi-Material Objects – 161
Optimal Movement – 359
Kovacevic, Branko Kumar, Ratnesh
Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza- Language Stability and Stabilizability of
Engineering and Computer Science Ac- tion – 445 Discrete Event Dynamical Sys-
cording to Bologna Process – 289 High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and tems – 383
Kovacic, Stanislav Control of an Autonomous Underwater Predicates and Predicate Transformers
Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Vehicle – 394 for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event
Official Identity Documents – 151 Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architec- Dynamical Systems – 382
Kovacova, Irena tures and Motion Control – 300 Kumar, S
Electrical Drive Inductive Cou- Modeling of Impact on a Flexible Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
pling – 130 Beam – 360 cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
B-35
Kunde, V. G. Labeyrie, Antoine Lapham, Mary A
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from PLENARY TALK: The Hypertelescope Specifying Initial Design Review (IDR)
Observations by the Cassini Infrared Concept and its Applications at Different and Final Design Review (FDR) Crite-
Spectrometer – 446 Scales (1 km, 100 km, 100000 ria – 297
Km) – 443
Kunieda, Hideyo Lapham, Mary Ann
Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2 Lacevic, N. M. Sustaining Software-Intensive Sys-
Orbit – 55 Molecular Dyanmics Simulations of tems – 318
Spinodal-Assisted Polymer Crystalliza-
Kunihiro, Tak Larson, C W
tion – 96
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low- Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD-
FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules Lafleur, Jarret M. 600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42
in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Larson, Magnus
Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Vehicle – 60
Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir-
Kunihiro, Takuya Lai, Ming-Chih culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0,
Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor-
the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For- Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the phology Change – 124
mation from H3 Chondrite Material by Infinite Domain – 355 Larson, Richard R.
Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Lam, P. S. Development and Flight Testing of a
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef- Neural Network Based Flight Control
and Host Grains in Chondrules in the fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves- System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31
Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 sels – 77 Lasater, M I
Kurata, Kazuhiko Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili-
Prediction – 77 ties Within the Positive-Differential-
Resistance Regions of Tunneling De-
Capacity Optical Link Technolo- Lamb, Thomas
vices – 132
gies – 291 Shell Plate Definition Guide for Ship De-
signers (The National Shipbuilding Re- Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu-
Kurtz, S. lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun-
New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple- neling Devices – 132
Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High- Lamecki, Adam
Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys- High Accuracy Multidimensional Param- Latorre, R
tems – 176 eterized Surrogate Models for Fast Opti- Soviet Technique for Estimating Post-
mization of Microwave Circuits in the Welded Deflection: Case of Butt Welding
Understanding the Potential and Limita- (The National Shipbuilding Research
Industry Standard Circuit Simula-
tions of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar Program) – 162
tors – 108
Cells – 181
Lane, Christopher Latvala, Jari
Kushner, Susan Analysis of Formation Flying in Eccentric A Research Program on Health, Perfor-
Techniques for Developing an Acquisition Orbits Using Linearized Equations of mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in
Strategy by Profiling Software Relative Motion – 54 Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270
Risks – 307
Lane, Douglas Lau, Yun-Fai C
Kutsuzawa, Satoko Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- The Role of the Y-Located TSPY Gene in
OCDM Transmission Experiments on mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- Prostatic Oncogenesis – 207
JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis Lauko, I
Survival – 219
Kutter, Bernard Real-Time Optical Control of Ga1-xInxP
Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic Lane, Helen W. Film Growth by P-Polarized Reflec-
Fluid Management – 143 Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the tance – 135
Last 45 Years – 255 LaVigna, Anthony
Kwon, Daniel W.
Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 A Continuous-Time Distributed Version
Years – 221 of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing
Problem – 341
Lane, Kimberly
Kwork, Q. S. M.
Computer Exxtimated Probability of De- Lawrence, Robert E.
Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of tection: Can You Hide from a Com- Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu-
FOX-7 – 96 puter? – 332 vers – 30
Kynard, Michael H. Laner, Stephen Lawrence-Slavas, N.
RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- Technology Transfer: A Think Tank Ap- KEO Mooring Engineering Analy-
hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space proach to Managing Innovation in the sis – 193
Exploration – 37 Public Sector – 426
Laws, Kenneth
Kyrolainen, H. Langenberg, J. P. Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti-
Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assess- mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196
Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field ment of Toxic Hazards in Operational
Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger Environments – 265 Lazzarini, A K
Training Operation – 268 Extinction Conditions of Non-Premixed
Langhelm, J Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and
Kyrolainen, Heikki The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Water/NaOH Solutions – 352
Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili- gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98
tary Field Training in Winter and the Le, D
Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira- Langner, J. Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho-
tory Fitness – 262 Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 tonics for Space Applications – 34
B-36
Le, M. P. Leger, A Levis, Alexander H
Measurement of Littlest Higgs Model Pa- Double protection passive pour les equi- Computation of Delays in Acyclical Dis-
rameters – 401 pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ : tributed Decisionmaking Organiza-
Concept et etude experimentale (Design tions – 429
Learned, Rachel E
and Experimental Study of the Passive Levoy, Terry E
Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Double Hearing Protection for the Crew
Classification – 438 Development of a Methodology for Cus-
of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411
tomizing Insider Threat Auditing on a
Lebak, J M Microsoft Windows XP Operating Sys-
Leger, Alain
Polymorphous Computing Architecture tem – 324
(PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements
Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Lewis, B M
Flights: A Human Factors Ap- Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and
Lebensohn, R A proach – 10 Compensators: A State-Dependent Ric-
Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Model- cati Equation Approach – 355
Lehr, Matthew R
ling of Textured Metals and Validation
Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact Managing Contention and Timing Con- Lewis, Grace A
Test – 98 straints in a Real-Time Database Sys- Model Problems in Technologies for In-
tem – 426 teroperability: Web Services – 316
LeClair, A.
Lei, X. C. Lewis, Grace
Photoelectric Emission Measurements
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Towards a Unified Approach to Informa- Results of SEI Independent Research
Grains – 450 tion Integration A Review Paper on and Development Projects and Report
Data/Information Fusion – 280 on Emerging Technologies and Technol-
Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
Leitner, J. ogy Trends – 296
Observations by the Cassini Infrared
Spectrometer – 446 The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis- Lewis, Johnnye L
sion’ – 56 Inhalation of Uranium Oxide Aerosois:
Lee, Eunkyu
CNS Deposition, Neurotoxicity, and Role
A Smart Web Platform for Telematics Leitner, Jesse
Services Toward Ubiquitous Environ- Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis-
ments – 324 sion – 52 Lewis, Michael J
Architectural Support for Extensibility
Lee, Hsien-Chiarn Lekpresert, B. and Autonomy in Wide-Area Distributed
Nonlinear Stabilization of High Angle-of- System of Nanosecond 280-kevV- Object Systems – 292
Attack Flight Dynamics Using Bifurcation He(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418
Control – 31 Lewis, Russell J.
Lenz, Frederick Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in
Robust Control of Bifurcating Nonlinear Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres- Commonly Used Quantities by the Air
Systems With Applications – 342 sion and Function of Vanilloid and En- Cargo Industry – 6
Lee, J S docannabinoid Receptors – 216
Leyre, Xavier
A Comparison of Change Detection Sta- Leonard, Naomi E First Formation Flying Demonstration
tistics in POLSAR Images – 314 High-Order Averaging on Lie Groups and Mission Including on Flight Bracewell
Lee, Jaewoong Control of an Autonomous Underwater Nulling – 54
Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 Vehicle – 394
Li, Guangye
Lee, J. Leong, K Successive Column Correction Algo-
The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for rithms for Solving Sparse Nonlinear Sys-
Scale – 258 Biomagnetic Interfacing Con- tems of Equations – 348
cepts – 259 The Combined Schubert/Secant Finite-
Lee, Jong W
Lepsch, Roger Difference Algorithm for Solving Sparse
Nonlinear Systems of Equations – 347
Sound – 301 NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts
An Integrated Virtual Environment Sys- Directorate Mission and Trade Study Li, Jun
tem – 302 Analysis – 374 Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139
Lee, Margaret M Lescreve, Francois Li, Qunhua

Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provi- Improving Military Recruit Quality Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust
sions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 302 Through Smart Classification Technol- Model-Based Segmentation of Microar-
ogy – 305 ray Images – 369
Lee, Robyn B
Leski, Tomasz A Li, S.
Refractive Index Determination of Bio- Sensitivity Analysis of Differential-
Army Soldiers Seen at Audiology Clinics
logical Particles – 97 Algebraic Equations and Partial Differen-
from April 1, 2003, through March 31,
tial Equations – 281
2004 – 253
Lestarquit, Laurent
Li, Ta-Hsin
Lee, Roger A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for
Analysis of the Optical Design for the DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128
Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti-
Leter, Alain mation – 350
Lee, Thomas J First Formation Flying Demonstration Estimation of Multiple Sinusoids by Para-
Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian Mission Including on Flight Bracewell metric Filtering – 370
Causal Structures Discovery – 436 Nulling – 54
Li, Ta-hsin
Lee, Thomas Levin, D A Strong Consistency of the Contraction
WindSat Applications for Weather Fore- O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Mapping Method for Frequency Estima-
casters and Data Assimilation – 194 Probabilities in DSMC – 357 tion – 370
B-37
Li, Xiaoyan Lim, Nelson Liu, A.
Sentence Level Information Patterns for Monitoring Employment Conditions of The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis-
Novelty Detection – 437 Military Spouses – 368 sion’ – 56
Li, Y Y Lin, David M Liu, Hanli
Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El- Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization
evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres- Commercial GPS Receiver Through of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode-
sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245
Li, Yingyue Lin, Freeman C Liu, Jingwen
Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity Robust Adaptive Signal Processing Breast Cancer Specific Gene 1 is a Po-
are Down-Regulated During Hibernation Methods for Heterogeneous Radar Clut- tential Novel Biomarker for Selected Ap-
in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 ter Scenarios – 85 plication of Anti-Microtubule Drugs for the
Li, Zhilin Lin, Jyhfong Treatment of Breast Cancer Pa-
Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations tients – 243
Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Very Large Time-Constant Cir- Liu, Nan-Suey
Infinite Domain – 355 cuits – 406 Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor
Liang, J Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non- Flow Path and Sampling System – 26
Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifi-
Liu, Shiqiang S
ers – 405
Liaw, D C Propulsion and PWR Rapid Response
Tethered Satellite System Stability – 36 Lin, Xiaobiao Research and Development (R&R) Sup-
Fast Solvers for 3D Poisson Equations port: Delivery Order 0030: Study of Hot
Liaw, Der-Cherng Involving Interfaces in an Finite or the Deformation of Nanocomposite Rare
Active Control of Compressor Stall incep- Infinite Domain – 355 Earth Magnets – 102
tion: A Bifurcation-Theoretic Ap-
proach – 148 Lin, Z. W. Liu, Simon
Effects of Nuclear Cross Sections at Dif- Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec-
Application of Center Manifold Reduction
ferent Energies on the Radiation Hazard tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or-
to System Stabilization – 392
from Galactic Cosmic Rays – 461 bit – 35
Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial Flow Com-
pressors: A Parametric Study – 146 Linde, George J Liu, Wanguo
Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere Clinic and Functional Analysis of p73R1
Nonlinear Dynamics of Axial-Flow Com- with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152
pressors: A Parametric Study – 148 Mutations in Prostate Cancer – 247
Lindem, Ge E Liu, Yuhui
Stabilization of Tethered Satellites During
Station-Keeping – 35 Advanced Propagation Model (APM) Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation
Analysis of VHF Signals in the Southern Paths into the Human Head – 410
Lichodziejewski, David California Desert – 196
Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Llambiri, Deni
Arrays – 41 Lindenmoyer, Allan
Efficiently Distributing Component-
Commercial Orbital Transportation Ser- Based Applications Across Wide-Area
Lieber, Charles vices (COTS) Demonstrations – 45 Environments – 295
Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology
Linteris, G T
Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 Lockard, George E.
Lieberman, Harris R Improving Reliability of High Power
Flames with Fine Droplets of Water and
Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating
Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement Water/NaOH Solutions – 352
Use among Elite U.S. Army Sol-
Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and
diers – 438 Loewenstein, Max
Blends of Inert and Catalytic
Liechti, Olivier Agents – 91 CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective
RFID: From Concepts to Concrete Imple- Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
Liou, Lee FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
mentation – 286
Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost port and Entrainment using Observations
Liewer, K. Commercial GPS Receiver Through and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using Software Approach (Preprint) – 306
Loftus, David J.
A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner
Lippert, Ross Provision Of Carbon Nanotube Bucky
and Baseline Rotation – 416
Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized Paper Cages For Immune Shielding Of
Lif, Patrik Least-Squares – 395 Cells, Tissues, and Medical De-
Swedish Projects – 11 vices – 254
Lipson, Howard
Lightsey, E. Glenn Results of SEI Independent Research Logothetis, Christopher J
Relative Attitude Determination of Earth and Development Projects and Report The Clinical Development of Thalildo-
Orbiting Formations Using GPS Receiv- on Emerging Technologies and Technol- mide as an Angiogenesis Inhibitor
ers – 57 ogy Trends – 296 Therapy for Prostate Cancer – 245
Lilly, Michael Lister, Sarah A Logue, F
Pim-1: A Molecular Target to Modulate An Overview of the U.S. Public Health Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Cellular Resistance to Therapy in Pros- System in the Context of Emergency ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
tate Cancer – 213 Preparedness – 217 gram) – 373
Lilly, T Littman, Michael L London, John R., III
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- Confidence Bands for ROC The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program
nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 Curves – 330 Small Launch Vehicles – 36
B-38
Long, Duncan Lu, Chenyang Luquette, Richard J.
Critical Technology Events in the Devel- ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis-
opment of the Stinger and Javelin Missile for Feedback Control of Software Perfor- sion – 52
Systems: Project Hindsight Revis- mance – 296
Lurie, Sergey A
ited – 441 VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Nanoscale Mechanism of Composite Re-
Long, T E Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 inforcement by Fibers and Filler, Theo-
Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of retical Computation and Experimental
Lu, Victor
Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene- Validation of the Theory Using
The Precision Formation Flying Inte-
Styrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 Rubber/Short Carbon Fiber Com-
grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58
pounds – 79
Lonie, Chris
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Lu, W. Lutz, Robyn R.
gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Positron Source From Betatron X-Rays Contingency Software in Autonomous
Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Emitted in a Plasma Wiggler – 407 Systems: Technical Level Brief-
Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 Lucas, Donald ing – 316
Lonsdale, Colin J On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida- Lutz, Robyn
Studies of Enhanced Performance of the tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol Failure Assessment – 315
Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Obser- Sprays – 83
Ly, H V
vation and Space Weather – 447 Lucht, R. P. Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Mag-
Lopez, Jimena P. Development of All-Solid-State Sensors netorheological Fluids – 145
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective for Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Am-
monia Concentrations by Optical Absorp- Ly, Hung V
Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans- tion in Particle-Laden Combustion Ex- Modeling and Control of Physical Pro-
port and Entrainment using Observations haust Streams – 419 cesses Using Proper Orthogonal Decom-
and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 position – 378
Luckner, Jerzy
Lopez, Juan L Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac- Lynch, Robert E.
A Comparison of Trajectory Determina- ture – 402 Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu-
tion Approaches for Small UAVs – 22 vers – 30
Ludwig, Frank L
Lopez, Lilian Lyon, R.
System Quality Requirements Engineer- The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis-
ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study sion’ – 56
on Asset Management System – 433 Luebke, William H Lyon, Richard G.
Lopez-Almansa, Jose-Maria Novel Techniques and Their Applications The Precision Formation Flying Inte-
for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for
Welded Structures (The National Ship-
DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128 Lyons, John W
Lopez-Lopez, J. Critical Technology Events in the Devel-
Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Lueck, Dale E. opment of the Stinger and Javelin Missile
Environments – 270 Self-Calibrating Pressure Trans- Systems: Project Hindsight Revis-
ducer – 160 ited – 441
Lorente, J M
Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Lukens, Dennis C Ma, Dye-Jyu
Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es- Steering Policies for Markov Decision
cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Processes Under a Recurrence Condi-
Lorentzen, J R
Production of Organophosphorus Hydro- tion – 367
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- lase – 68
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- Mac Low, M.
bit – 35 Lukey, Brian J. Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions
U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in
Lorenzetti, Silvio
Readiness – 273 Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular
Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules Clouds – 448
in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor- Lund, David C
ite Fall – 457 MacDonald, Justin A
Gulf Stream Temperature, Salinity and
Transport During the Last Millen- An Algorithm for the Accurate Localiza-
Loughmiller, C M tion of Sounds – 137
Analytical Determination of Airborne Ra- nium – 172
dar Response to Extraneous In- Lunde, Bruce Maciel, Maria C
puts – 155 A Global Convergence Theory for Gen-
Verification and Validation of NASA-
Supported Enhancements to the Near eral Trust-Region-Based Algorithms for
Louie, Jennifer
Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ- Equality Constrained Optimiza-
On the Role of Object-Specific Features tion – 347
for Real World Object Recognition in ing System (HABSOS) – 173
Biological Vision – 338 Mack, Terry L.
Lundquist, Arthur
Lovell, T. Alan Self-activating System and Method for
Alerting When an Object or a Person is
Application of a Relative Motion Guid- Purification Devices – 88
Left Unattended – 140
ance Algorithm to Formation Reassign-
ment – 59 Lupa, Henry
Macskassy, Sofus A
Exercise Following Simulated Parachut-
Lu, Bo Adding Numbers to Text Classifica-
tion – 428
Radiation Sensitization Via Inhibiting duced and is the Probability of Post De-
Survival of Prostate Cancer and its Vas- scent Decompression Sickness In- Confidence Bands for ROC
cular Endothelium – 249 creased? – 275 Curves – 330
B-39
Macula, Anthony Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Sys- Mannon, Roslyn B
Data Mining Algorithms with Pseudoknot tems in Correlated Noise with Non- The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant
Free Codes – 217 Gaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri-
Behavior of the Difference Between the mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203
Macy, J P MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367
Manske, Eberhard
Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Multi-Dimensional Stochastic Ordering
Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, High Precision Optical Metrology for
and Associated Random Vari- DARWIN – 50
Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 169 ables – 362
Mantysaari, M.
Maddocks, J H On the Effects of the Initial Condition in Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on
Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central State Estimation for Discrete-Time Lin- Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field
Gravitational Field – 34 ear Systems – 339 Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
Madejki, G. On the Poisson Equation for Countable Training Operation – 268
Design and Performance of the Soft Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions Mao, Song
Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis- and Parameter Dependence by Probabi- Software Architecture of PSET: A Page
sion – 450 listic Methods – 346 Segmentation Evaluation Toolkit – 300
Steering Policies for Markov Decision Marchand, B. G.
Madnia, C K Processes Under a Recurrence Condi-
Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub- Formations Near the Libration Points:
tion – 367 Design Strategies Using Natural and
grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu-
sion Flames – 146 Malhorta, Raj P Non-Natural Arcs – 49
Sensor Management for Fighter Applica- Marcus, Steven I
Maekinen, Tiina M tions – 15 Analysis of an Adaptive Control Scheme
Prediction and Prevention of Frost- for a Partially Observed Controlled
bite – 242 Maliska, Heather A. Markov Chain – 357
Magde, Kevin Neural Network Based Flight Control Discrete-Time Controlled Markov Pro-
Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 cesses With Average Cost Criterion: A
Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Survey – 369
Modulators – 136 Malkan, M. A. Language Stability and Stabilizability of
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Discrete Event Dynamical Sys-
Magee, Lochlan Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma tems – 383
Virtual, Mixed, and Augmented Survey Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449
Project - Canada – 337 Optimal Control of Switching Diffusions
Malone, Patrick With Application to Flexible Manufactur-
Mahan, A. H. A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com- ing Systems – 382
Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD parison with Conventional Sys- Predicates and Predicate Transformers
a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro- tems – 35 for Supervisory Control of Discrete Event
gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet- Dynamical Systems – 382
ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Mamoulis, N.
Growth – 183 Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting Marion, B.
Vertical Fragmentation – 280 Recent Revisions to PVWATTS – 180
Mahanti, Ambuj
Mancini, T. Markham, James
Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 357
Search – 382
Initiative – 176 Markov, Igor L
Mahle, D, A Quantum Approaches to Logic Circuit
Mandel, Jan
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Synthesis and Testing – 138
Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic An Iterative Substructuring Method for
Coupled Fluid-Solid Acoustic Prob- Marks, Fredric
Rats and Mice – 203 lems – 346 A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In-
Mandl, Dan Maintaining Alertness and Performance
MaimirJane, F.
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 in Sustained Military Ground Opera-
Medical Personnel Motivation in One In-
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 tions – 240
ternational Mission – 274
Manikonda, Vikram Markusic, T. E.
Majam, V F
A Hybrid Control Strategy for Path Plan- Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric
Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac- ning and Obstacle Avoidance With Non- Propulsion – 61
cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Holonomic Robots – 388 Marrian, C R
Makinen, Tero Languages, Behaviors, Hybrid Architec- Neural Networks for Tactile Percep-
Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili- tures and Motion Control – 300 tion – 294
tary Field Training in Winter and the Marsalek, Karel
Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira- Manischewitz, Jody
Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Support of Mission and Work Scheduling
Against Monkeypox – 228 by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276
Makowski, Armand M Marsden, Jerrold E
Manning, andrew
A Continuous-Time Distributed Version Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406
of Wald’s Sequential Hypothesis Testing Optical and Mechanical Properties of
Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159 Marston, CHung K
Problem – 341
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a
Analysis and Adaptive Control of a Manning, Carol Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill-
Discrete-Time Single-Server Network A Human Factors Review of the Opera- ness Resembling Inhalation An-
with Random Routing – 327 tional Error Literature – 5 thrax – 224
B-40
Martin, Ian S Matumoto, Masayuki McCarron, Richard M
Robust Learning and Segmentation for Polarization-mode Dispersion and its Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity
Scene Understanding – 339 Mitigation – 127 are Down-Regulated During Hibernation
Martin, Ian in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223
May, B S
Regularization Through Feature Knock Hearing Protection for Bone-Conducted Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres-
Out – 338 Sound – 19 sion and Function of Vanilloid and En-
Martin, Jim docannabinoid Receptors – 216
May, C. G.
Fission Surface Power for the Explora- McCarthy, Patrick A
tion and Colonization of Mars – 174 General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re-
placement for the 6M Specification Pack- Characterization of UAV Performance
Martin, John C. age – 76 and Development of a Formation Flight
The eta Carinae Treasury Project and the Controller for Multiple Small UAVS – 17
HST/STIS – 442 May, E. K.
McCartney, Forrest
Development and Testing of a Power
Martin, John G. National Security Space Launch Re-
Trough System Using a Structurally-
SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Pro- Efficient, High-Performance, Large- port – 43
gram – 148 Aperture Concentrator With Thin Glass McClellan, R W
Martin, Russell Reflector and Focal Point Rota-
The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound tion – 180
Localisation – 409 May, Marvin Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the
Martinez, Jose O Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored
Characterization of a Novel Intracellular Enhanced Signal Processing – 301 Arc Welding Electrodes – 101
Receptor for Phorbol Esters and Diacylg- McCord, T. B.
lycerol in Prostate Cancer – 212 Mayeda, Toshiko
Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
Mascarenhas, A. with M3 – 450
in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor-
Impurity-Band Model for GaP1- ite Fall – 457
xNx – 180 McCord, Thomas B.
Mayer, A. L. Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
Masubuchi, Koichi tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
Novel Techniques and Their Applications Integration of an Economy Under Imper-
for Measuring Out-of-Plane Distortion of fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco- McCubbin, Patrick E
Welded Structures (The National Ship- logical Model – 283
building Research Program) – 162 Mazanek, Dan Structural Protein Units by the Integrated
Mather, B D NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass
Synthesis and SAXS Characterization of Directorate Mission and Trade Study Spectrometry – 235
Sulfonated Styrene-Ethylene/Propylene- Analysis – 374 McDonough, Terence
Styrene Triblock Copolymers – 108 The ELIHE High-Performance Cluster for
Mazel, Charles H
Matsunami, Yoshiyuki The Inherent Visible Light Signature of Parallel Computing – 285
Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos- an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light McDougal, J N
sible Formation of the IVA Magma by Source Due to Combined Raman and
Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL- Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha-
Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal- nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo-
lization and Cooling – 453 Mazzuca, L. sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea
The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis- Pigs – 65
Mattausch, G
sion’ – 56 McDowell, Mark
Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum
Materials Processing Technology – 91 McAnally, Ken Operation of a Cartesian Robotic System
The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound in a Compact Microscope with Intelligent
Matthew, Candance B
Localisation – 409 Controls – 339
Heart Rate Variability as an Index of
Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and McFaul, Steve J
McArthur, J. Craig
Dehydrated Rats – 87 A Microplate Assay for the Determination
RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve-
Matthews, John V hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220
Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow Exploration – 37 McGarvey, David J
Through Nonaxisymmetric Hop-
pers – 144 McBride, Sharon Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for
Managing Sleep and Alertness to Sustain Decomposition of Chemical Warfare
Matthies, Larry Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and
Vision Based Localization in Urban Envi- QL – 95
ment – 272
ronments – 155
McBride, William H McGhee, James
Mattie, D
Radiation-Induced Immune Modulation Cognitive Performance in Operational
Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment Environments – 266
of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111 in Prostate Cancer – 251
Mattie, David R McBryan, Oliver A McGill, Michael
Feasibility Study for the Reduction of Performance of the Shallow Water Equa- Supporting Connectivity for Biomedical
Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous tions on the CM-200 and CM-5 Parallel Research – 226
Anions – 82 Supercomputers – 308 McGinnis, Leon F
Mattle, David R Performance of the Shallow Water Equa- Developing Scheduling Standards Using
Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separa- tions on the SUPRENUM-1 Parallel Su- Regression Analysis: An Application
tion Column – 83 percomputer – 355 Guide – 376
B-41
McGovern, Jennifer The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain Mehlen, Christian
Systems Engineering, Acquisition and Physical and Cognitive Function during A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for
Personnel Integration (SEAPRINT): Continuous Operations – 274 DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128
Achieving the Promise of Human Sys- McLoughlin, Terence H. Mehos, M.
tems Integration – 264
Precision Formation Keeping at L2 Using Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP
McGrattan, Kevin the Autonomous Formation Flying Sen- Initiative – 176
Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame sor – 56
Meijer, Marten
Behind a Step – 90
McMahon, T. J. Maintaining Combat Readiness in the
McGraw, Robert J Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degra- Royal Netherlands Armed Forces: The
An Analysis of Nonlinear Elastic Defor- dation Studies – 178 Psychosocial Perspective – 266
mations for a Homogeneous Beam at
Varying Tip Loads and Pitch McMahon, W. Meinig, C.
Angles – 14 III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multi- KEO Mooring Engineering Analy-
junction Cell – 176 sis – 193
McGuinness, Deborah L
Computing Trust from Revision His- McNutt, Leslie Meitzler, Thomas
tory – 435 Space Shuttle Overview – 45 Computer Exxtimated Probability of De-
tection: Can You Hide from a Com-
McHenry, Michael E McNutt, P. puter? – 332
Amorphous and Nanocrystalline High Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si
Temperature Magnetic Material for PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Mejia-Ariza, Juan M
PWR – 74 Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil- Manufacture and Experimental Analysis
ity – 182 of a Concentrated Strain Based Deploy-
McHenry, Michael able Truss Structure – 32
Vision Based Localization in Urban Envi- McPherson, Terry
ronments – 155 Verification and Validation of NASA- Mekjavic, Igor B
Supported Enhancements to the Near Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow
McKay, Jack A. during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard
Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- Duty – 257
ing System (HABSOS) – 173
Perot Interferometers – 459
McQuade, John Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat-
McKeegan, Kevin D. ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242
Initial Al-26/Al-27 in Carbonaceous- A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In-
chondrite Chondrules: Too little Al-26 to vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for Prevention of Facial Cold Injury with a
Melt Asteroids – 192 Maintaining Alertness and Performance Passive Heat and Moisture Ex-
in Sustained Military Ground Opera- changer – 258
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict tions – 240
and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Mekjavic, Polana J
Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 Mead, Franklin Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat-
An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Re- ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242
McKineey, Bradley J flection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF)
Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for Melloy, John R
Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Wireless Sensor Network Applications
Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and Mead, Nancy R for the Combat Air Forces – 8
QL – 95 System Quality Requirements Engineer- Meneghini, L M
ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database
McKinley, Richard L on Asset Management System – 433
3-D Audio: Military Applications and Sym- Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site:
bology – 410 Mead, Nancy Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break-
Results of SEI Independent Research water Systems – 194
Improved Hearing Protection for Aviation
Personnel – 20 and Development Projects and Report Mennesson, Bertrand
on Emerging Technologies and Technol- Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using
Military Speech Communications over ogy Trends – 296 A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner
Vocoders in Tandem – 331
Meadows, Byron L. and Baseline Rotation – 416
Spatial Audio Displays for Improving Improving Reliability of High Power
Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware- Mercier, Karine
Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating SIMBOL-X : Formation Flying for High-
ness in General Aviation Environ- in Long Pulse Mode – 156
ments – 411 Energy Astrophysics Mission – 51
Meadows, Lorelle Mercy, Susan E
McKinsey, P. C.
Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti- Experimentation to Address Appropriate
Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated
mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Test Techniques for Measuring the At-
Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on
Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 Mechoulam, Raphael tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear-
McLaughlin, Craig A. Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres-
Perturbation Analysis for Spacecraft For- sion and Function of Vanilloid and En- Mercy, Susan
mations Near the Earth-Moon Triangular docannabinoid Receptors – 216 Investigating Double Hearing Protection
Libration Points – 444 using Human Subjects – 411
Medhin, Negash G
McLean, James D. Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Merrill, Elaine A
Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16 Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstra-
tion Field Sampling Report: Robins Air
McLellan, Tom M. Meehan, James Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69
Strategies to Reduce the Heat Stress of Relative Effectiveness of Audio Tools for
Wearing New Biological and Chemical Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Merrill, Lex L
Protective Combat Uniforms in Flights: A Human Factors Ap- Trauma Symptomatology Among Female
MOPP 1 – 275 proach – 10 U.S. Navy Recruits – 237
B-42
Messenger, S R Miller, Cass T Mitchell, Megan
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- Efficient Steady-State Solution Tech- Semimajor Axis Estimation Strate-
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- niques for Variably Saturated Groundwa- gies – 53
bit – 35 ter Flow – 145
Mitchell, W. J.
Meyer, G J Miller, Chris E Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Devices Using Dendrimers – 179
Biomagnetic Interfacing Con- Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104
Mitko, Martin
cepts – 259 Miller, David W. eReadiness of Business Pro-
Meyer, T R Electromagnetic Formation Flight cesses – 287
Experimental Study of Deflagration-to- (EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62
Mitsuda, Kazuhisa
Detonation Enhancement Techniques in SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2
a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En- Development and Validation Testbed: Orbit – 55
gine – 27 Current Progress and Beyond – 55
Miyazaki, Tetsuya
Meyers, Ethan Miller, James B.
Highly Efficient Optical Communication
Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vi- Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honey- Technologies – 126
sion Systems – 337 comb Conical Seal Panel – 60
Mizuno, T.
Meyyappan, Meyya Miller, Janet
Carbon Nanotube Interconnect – 139 Summary Report of Finding of the Deci-
sion Science Working Group Interaction in Astronomical Environ-
Miceli, David S
(DSWG) – 433 ment – 449
Characterizing a Co-Flow Nozzle for use
in a Filtered Rayleigh Scattering Sys- Miller, M M
Mlakar, Joze
tem – 144 Design and Performance of GMR Sen-
Two Methods for Calibration Without A
sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro-
Michalak, Richard Through Connection On A Three-
beads in Biosensors – 399
Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Sampler Vector Analyzer – 283
Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Milligan, D A\g
Modlin, Edward A.
Modulators – 136 Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database
Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Self-activating System and Method for
Michalk, David Alerting When an Object or a Person is
Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break-
Frequency Selective Materials for Con- Left Unattended – 140
water Systems – 194
trol of Radiated Emissions and Interfer- Moe, R.
ence Suppression, Phase 2 – 149 Mills, Patrick
Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis-
Michiuye, Joanne K Forces: Expanded Operational Architec- sion’ – 56
CRESST Human Performance Knowl- ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- Mokrushin, Vladmir
edge Mapping System – 302 ning and Control – 121 Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3-
Mickalonis, J. I. Mims, Michael J. Butadiene Decomposition – 90
Electrochemical Hydrogen Permeability RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- Molina, Miguel Angel
and Oxidation Characteristics of N-Ti-Ni hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space PLATFORM: A Formation Flying, RvD
Alloys – 63 Exploration – 37 and Robotic Validation Test-bench – 50
Mickalonis, J. J. Minato, Naoki
Montesanti, R. C.
Characteristic Electrochemical Noise OCDM Transmission Experiments on
During Electrochemical Determination of JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291
for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator
Hydrogen Permeation – 64 Minetti, R and Fast Tool Servo – 125
Midey, Anthony J Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex- Moon, S.
perimental and Kinetic Modeling
Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) Strategic Planning of Communications
Study – 83
with Small Molecules – 92 and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar
Minh, L Energy Technologies Program – 177
Milburn, H.
Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
KEO Mooring Engineering Analy- Mooney, Theodore
sis – 193 Optical and Mechanical Properties of
Miravite, Jr, Alexander Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159
Milcinski, Metka Global En Route Basing Infrastructure
Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct Treat- Location Model – 21 Moore, Andrew
ment of Freezing Cold Injury – 242 Scalable Detection and Optimization of
Mirick, W N-ARY Linkages – 385
Miley, G H The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Re- gram. Development of Non-Polluting, Moore ,II, Bob M
flection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys- Development of Hemostatic
Propulsion Device – 414 tems For Ships – 72 Agents – 234
Miller, Barton P Mishra, Suneil Moore, L.
Automated Discovery of Mimicry At- An Integrated Approach to Motion and Status of APS-1MWe Parabolic Trough
tacks – 380 Sound – 301 Project – 177
Miller, C T Mitani, T. Moore, Linda K
Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling Design and Performance of the Soft An Emergency Communications Safety
of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis- Net: Integrating 911 and Other Ser-
Porous Media – 169 sion – 450 vices – 118
B-43
Public Safety Communications: Policy, Morrison, Russell H. Murphey, Thomas W
Proposals, Legislation and ISS Internal Active Thermal Control Sys- Manufacture and Experimental Analysis
Progress – 119 tem (IATCS) Coolant Remediation of a Concentrated Strain Based Deploy-
Moore, R. L. Project -2006 Update – 80 able Truss Structure – 32
Magnetic Causes of Solar Coronal Mass Morse, F. Murphy, J.
Ejections: Dominance of the Free Mag- Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP Quantum Dot Dolar Cells with Multiple
netic Energy Over the Magnetic Twist Initiative – 176 Exciton Generation – 178
Alone – 460
Morshedi, A M Murray, Karl N
Moore, Richard C A Variable-Metric Variant of the Kar- Wear Analysis of CU-AL Coating on TI-
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- markar Algorithm for Linear Program- 6AL-4V Under Fretting – 99
gram. Evaluation of Shipbuilding ming – 348 Murri, Gretchen B.
CAD/CAM Systems (Phase I) – 296
Mortvedt, D Effect of Embedded Piezoelectric Sen-
Moore, Scott S Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment sors on Fracture Toughness and Fatigue
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The Resistance of Composite Laminates Un-
gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium National Shipbuilding Program) – 100 der Mode I Loading – 78
Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-1: Aluminum Musick, Stanton H
Steel Construction in a New 36M (120 Ft) Mostaccio, Jason T
Experimental Investigation of the Aerody- Sensor Management for Fighter Applica-
Patrol Boat – 101
namic Ground Effect of a Tailless tions – 15
Morang, Andrew Lambda-Shaped UCAV with Wing Muslea, Ion
Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and Flaps – 2 Online Query Relaxation via Bayesian
Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North Causal Structures Discovery – 436
Carolina – 439 Moul, Tom
Overview of NASA Langley’s Systems Mussante, C J
Morgan, Daniel Analysis Capabilities – 375 Approximation Methods for Inverse Prob-
Biometric Identifiers and Border Security: lems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic
9/11 Commission Recommendations Mouney, D
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Systems – 347
and Related Issues – 260
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Mustard, Jack
Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas- gram) – 373 Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
Mountain, David tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
Beaked Whale Hearing and Noise Im- Mustard, J.
Morgan, M. J. pact Models – 412 Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
Predicting Tritium and Decay Helium Ef- with M3 – 450
fects of Burst Properties of Pressure Ves- Mrozowski, Michal
sels – 77 High Accuracy Multidimensional Param- Myers, Gary
eterized Surrogate Models for Fast Opti- A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres-
Tritium Reservoir Structural Performance
mization of Microwave Circuits in the sion System for Proteomic Analy-
Prediction – 77
Industry Standard Circuit Simula- sis – 241
Morgner, H tors – 108
Myers,, Gary
Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum Mukherjee, Sayan Cloning, Expression, and Purification of
Materials Processing Technology – 91 Stability Results in Learning Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro-
Morikawa, Hiroyuki Theory – 395 teins – 254
Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Mukhopadhyay, Vivek Myers, S. C.
Switching/Optical Access Net-
Solid Modeling of Crew Exploration Ve- Multiple-Event Location Using the
work – 281 hicle Structure Concepts for Mass Opti- Markov-Chain Monte Carlo Tech-
Morioka, Toshio mization – 168 nique – 290
A Study for Technology of Controlling Mukhter, Ali Myers, William
Next-Generation Backbone Net- The C-17: Costs and Alternatives – 14
work – 125
eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration Nagl, M.
Moriyama, Toshifumi by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics
A Four-Component Decomposition of BBELF Turbulence – 417 With Coherent Radiation And a Trans-
POLSAR Image – 426 Mulhall, Lily verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418
Moron, Cecilia From Distance Learning to Blended Nahan, R.
Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Learning: A Program Incorporating Mul- Strategic Planning of Communications
Infections in Andean Northern tiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning - and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar
Peru – 218 Examples from V-learn.ie – 285 Energy Technologies Program – 177
Morris, Ed Munk, Peter Nain, Philippe
Results of SEI Independent Research Frequency Selective Materials for Con- Interchange Arguments in Stochastic
and Development Projects and Report trol of Radiated Emissions and Interfer- Scheduling – 380
on Emerging Technologies and Technol- ence Suppression, Phase 2 – 149
ogy Trends – 296 Nakagawa, Goji
Murai, Hitoshi Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF
Morris, Paul EA Modulator Based OTDM Technique for Remotely Controlling Lambda-
Temporal Planning with Preferences and for 160Gb/s Optical Signal Transmis- Paths – 126
Probabilities – 381 sion – 126
Nakazawa, K.
Morris, Robert Murovec, Bostjan Design and Performance of the Soft
Temporal Planning with Preferences and Eye Detection in Intensity Images for Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis-
Probabilities – 381 Official Identity Documents – 151 sion – 450
B-44
Nakles, Michael R Neale, N. R. Nie, Daotai
Evolution of the Ion Velocity Distribution Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor- Lipoxygenase, Angiogenicity, and Pros-
in the Near Field of a 200 W Hall Thruster mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar tate Cancer Radioresistance – 215
(Preprint) – 404 Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge
Movement – 177 Niemela, Carrie S
Nakles, Michael Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex-
Comparison of Hall Thruster Plume Ex- Nedich, Angelina pansion Model with Experimental Data
pansion Model with Experimental Data DARPA Integrated Sensing and Process- (Preprint) – 42
(Preprint) – 42 ing (ISP) Program. Approximation Meth-
Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD-
Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD- ods for Markov Decision Problems in
600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42
600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 Sensor Management – 363
Nierenberg, A
Nallapati, Ramesh Negrini, M.
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Evaluating the Quality of Query Refine- Dalitz Plot Analysis of the Decay B+ -\g
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
ment Suggestions in Information Re- K+K+K- – 420
gram) – 373
trieval – 437 Quarkonium Spectroscopy at Ba-
bar – 421 Nieuwenhuizen, M. S.
Naplava, Pavel HFM-057: Biotechnologies for Assess-
Selected Environmental Factors of Neiderer, Andrew M ment of Toxic Hazards in Operational
Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Web-Based Graphics for Battlespace Environments – 265
Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Terrain Ownership – 313
Status Markers after their Homecom- Nikolich, Mikeljon P
ing – 271 Nelson, S. A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres-
Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant sion System for Proteomic Analy-
Naraghi, M H on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor- sis – 241
Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141
Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint) – 62 Nikolich,, Mikeljon P
Nelson, Steve
Narayan, Prakash Cloning, Expression, and Purification of
Flame Bending of Pipe for Alignment Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro-
Estimation of the Rate of a Doubly- Control Panel SP-7 Project Report (The teins – 254
Stochastic Time-Space Poisson Pro- National Shipbuilding Program) – 100
cess – 362 Nikora, Allen
Nes, N. J.
Narayanan, L Failure Assessment – 315
Efficient Image Retrieval by Exploiting
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of Vertical Fragmentation – 280 Nikoukhah, Ramine
Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and
Acid Administered in Drinking Water in Neuhaus, Jason Richard
Riccati Equations – 354
Rats and Mice – 203 A Generic Multibody Parachute Simula-
tion Model – 13 Niolet, D
Narenda, Kumpati S
Neuhausen, Susan L Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Decentralized Control and Decentralized
Genetic Epidemiology of Prostate Can- ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
cer – 248 gram) – 373
Narum, D L
Newburger, E. C. Nishiki, Ahihiko
Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
Home Computers and Internet Use in the OCDM Transmission Experiments on
USA: August 2000. Special Studies. Cur- JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291
Naruse, Makoto rent Population Reports – 120 Nishio, Fumihiko
Highly Efficient Optical Communication
Technologies – 126 Ng, Alfred The Polar Sea Ice Cover from
Robust Control of Multiple Spacecraft Aqua/AMSR-E – 170
Naruse, Yuuichi Formation Flying – 59
Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super- Nishioka, Itaru
Network – 117 Ng, Henry C Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super-
Composable Simulations – 305 Network – 117
Nash, F
Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- Ngo, Mai T Nishioka, Lucas
tonics for Space Applications – 34 Exploration of the Lower Atmosphere Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis
with Millimeter-Wave Radar – 152 With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel-
Natarajan, Sriraam oping in a Late Postpartum Woman:
KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn- Nhan, Doan H Case Report – 226
ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data- Associations Between Responses to the
Poor Domains – 330 Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen Nitayaphan, Sorachai
of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity Research and Operational Support for
Nau, Dana S to Malaria Infection – 202 the Study of Military Relevant Infectious
Evaluating Product Machinability for Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal
Concurrent Engineering – 385 Nichter, James E Thai Government – 213
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41
Nau, Dana Nixon, C. A.
PRA: Massively Parallel Heuristic Nichter, J Titan’s Atmospheric Composition from
Search – 382 Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- Observations by the Cassini Infrared
tonics for Space Applications – 34 Spectrometer – 446
Navard, Andy
Verification and Validation of NASA- Nicolas, Brossard Nocedal, Jorge
Supported Enhancements to the Near Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emis- Representations of Quasi-Newton Matri-
Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ- sions as Markers of Tinnitus Persistence ces and Their Use in Limited Memory
ing System (HABSOS) – 173 after Acute Acoustic Trauma – 411 Methods – 391
B-45
Noel, Mark R Oard, Douglas W Oksa, Juha
Conceptual Processes for Linking Exploring Interactive Relevance Feed- Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili-
Eutrophication and Network Mod- back With a Two-Pass Study De- tary Field Training in Winter and the
els – 354 sign – 427 Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira-
Nolet, Simon Oberoi, Divya
SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Studies of Enhanced Performance of the Okumura, Keiko
Development and Validation Testbed: Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Obser- Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis
Current Progress and Beyond – 55 vation and Space Weather – 447 With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel-
oping in a Late Postpartum Woman:
Noort, D O’Brien, Catherine Case Report – 226
Diagnosis of Exposure to Chemical War- Peripheral Vasodilation Responses to
fare Agents: A Comprehensive Literature Ollivier, Marc
Prevent Local Cold Injuries – 242
Survey 1990-2005 – 248 First Formation Flying Demonstration
O’Briend ,Jr , William D Mission Including on Flight Bracewell
Norgorden, O Evaluation of Acoustic Propagation Nulling – 54
Radio Transmission Between Two Sub- Paths into the Human Head – 410 Olson, J.
merged Submarines – 119
O’Callahan, J J III-V Growth on Silicon Toward a Multi-
Noufi, R. Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- junction Cell – 176
Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degra- ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Onaka, Hiroshi
dation Studies – 178 gram) – 373 Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF
Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction O’Connell, R. for Remotely Controlling Lambda-
Solar Cells – 179 Paths – 126
Novokhatski, A. Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in ONeill, P. M.
HOM Effects in Vacuum System with California. Report for May 2005 to April Electronics Shielding and Reliability De-
Short Bunches – 396 2006 – 174 sign Tools – 47
Nowacki, L J Oda, Mitsushige Ongstad, A P
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Realization of the Solar Power Satellite High Brightness from an Unstable Reso-
gram. Development of Non-Polluting, using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec- nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post-
Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys- tor – 51 print) – 157
tems For Ships – 72 Odabasi, A Y Performance Comparison of Optically
Nowacki, Wojciech K Information System Models -- As A Tool Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared La-
for Shipyard Planning and Control (The sers – 158
Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac-
ture – 402 National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Ono, Nobuyuki
gram) – 432 Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir-
Nowak, Zdzislaw
O’Day, Danton H. culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0,
Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac- Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor-
ture – 402 How to Make Pedagogically Meaningful
Animations for Teaching and Research phology Change – 124
Null, Charles L Using PowerPoint(TradeMark) & Camta- Oppenheimer, Michael W
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- sia(TradeMark) – 287 Application of Piecewise Linear Control
gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated Allocation to Reusable Launch Vehicle
Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Odbor, Uredniski
Guidance and Control – 40
Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No.
1 – 130 Orlando, Andrew
Nunez-Neto, Blas Crew Integration and Automation Tech-
Border Security: The Role of the U.S. Oehler, Dorothy Z. nologies – 114
Border Patrol – 150 Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and
Orloff, Benjamin S
Nusca, Michael J ity of Ancient Mars – 458 A Comparative Analysis of Single-Stage-
Progress in the Development of a Mul- To-Orbit Rocket and Air-Breathing Ve-
tiphase Turbulent Model of the Oishi, J.S. hicles – 39
Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am- Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions ORourke, Mary Jane E.
munition Primer – 147 from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in The Exploration Water Recovery Sys-
Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular tem – 442
Nuth, J. a. Clouds – 448
Photoelectric Emission Measurements Ortega, Guillermo
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Ojoko-Adams, Don FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren-
Grains – 450 System Quality Requirements Engineer- dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora-
ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or-
Nyquist, Paul A on Asset Management System – 433 bits – 59
Detection of Leukocyte Activation in Pigs
With Neurologic Decompression Sick- Okada, Y. Ortega, Samson V
ness – 222 Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detec- Joint Service General Purpose Mask
tors – 401 (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration
Oakely, Ernest C. (HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision
Fast Erase Method and Apparatus For Okita, Hideki Correction Insert Stability Evalua-
Digital Media – 429 Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super- tion – 261
Network – 117
Oakes, William S Ortega, Samson V.
Group Technology/Flow Applications Re- Okolica, James Methodological Issues when Assessing
search (The National Shipbuilding Re- Detecting Potential Insider Threats Dismounted Soldier Mobility Perfor-
search Program) – 260 Through Email Datamining – 427 mance – 264
B-46
Osman, Hassan Palmadesso, Peter J Parker, Jason
System Quality Requirements Engineer- Dynamic Attractors and Basin Class Ca- Data Analysis and Compression Tech-
ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study pacity in Binary Neural Networks – 298 niques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experi-
on Asset Management System – 433 ments – 29
Palmer, Philip L
Osterwald, C. R. Parrino, Janie
Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation
Exploratory Reliability and Performance for Small Satellites – 3 Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects
R and D – 183 Against Monkeypox – 228
Osterweil, Leon J Palmer, Philip
Near Real-Time Event Detection & Pre- Pasquariello, Mi hael V
Active Relations for Specifying and
Implementing Software Object Manage- diction Using Intelligent Software Computational Modeling of Multicompo-
ment – 326 Agents – 43 nent Diffusion Using Fortran – 394
Ostlund, John Palumbo, Daniel L. Passerello, Chris E.

Scalable Detection and Optimization of Interrupt-based Phase-locked Frequency Static Formation Control Using Inter-
N-ARY Linkages – 385 Multiplier – 165 spacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48
Otsuki, Hideki Panchal, Rekha G Patel, Parimal J
A Study for Technology of Controlling Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im- Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar-
Next-Generation Backbone Net- mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph- ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95
work – 125 ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis
Survival – 219 Pati, Y C
Overbey, B. G.
Affine Frames of rational Wavelets in
Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me- Pandolf, John E. H2(II+) – 396
teorological Parameters STS-1 Through Electronics Shielding and Reliability De-
STS-107 – 193 Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for
sign Tools – 47
Real Time Decomposition of Superposed
Overson, Mark D
Panian, Zeljko Radar Signals in the Presence of
Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, Noise – 152
Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog- Creating Agile Business through Service-
nitive Performance During Sleep Depri- Oriented Architecture – 284 Frames Generated by Subspace Addi-
vation – 257 tion – 358
Pankop, C.
Ozan, Erol Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- Neural Networks for Tactile Percep-
Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen- sign Tools – 47 tion – 294
etration of Cockpit Weather Information Pati, Yagyensh C
Systems – 25 Pankow, J. W.
Plasma Surface Modification of Polymer Neural Networks for Low Level Process-
Ozawa, Takashi Backsheets: Origins of Future Interfacial ing of Tactile Sensory Data – 294
O+HCI Cross Sections and Reaction Barrier/Backsheet Failure – 176
Probabilities in DSMC – 357 Patterson, D R
Polycrystalline Thin Film Device Degra- Information System Models -- As A Tool
Pacheco, N D dation Studies – 178 for Shipyard Planning and Control (The
Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El- National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for
evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres- gram) – 432
PV Packaging – 184
sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225
Pankow, J. Patterson, J. D.
Paduan, Jeffery D
Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface Automating the Modeling of the SEE
Analysis PV Research – 179 Cross Section’s Angular Depen-
dence – 419
Padula, Sharon L. Panzenhagen, Kristin L
Patterson-Hines, Ann
Multidisciplinary Environments: A History Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch-
of Engineering Framework Develop- ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 Contingency Software in Autonomous
ment – 317 Systems: Technical Level Brief-
Paris, Kristen N. ing – 316
Page, Andrew E Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and
Development and Testing of a Novel Paulsen, Ian T
Standard Particle for Performance Verifi- ity of Ancient Mars – 458 A High Efficiency Cloning and Expres-
cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec- sion System for Proteomic Analy-
tion Systems – 112 Paris, Neil D sis – 241
Page, M. R. LQG/LTR Tilt and Tip Control for the
Paulsen,, Ian T
Starfire Optical Range 3.5-meter Tele-
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- Cloning, Expression, and Purification of
scope’s Adaptive Optics System – 363
tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro-
the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 Park, Jack teins – 254
Page, R M IRIS: Integrate, Relate. Infer.
Share – 329 Paulson, Mitchell Scott
Storage Radar – 150 Motor Controller System For Large Dy-
Pagnutti, Mary Parker, Anthony P namic Range of Motor Operation – 165
Verification and Validation of NASA- FEA Software for Determination of Re-
sidual Stresses in Autofrettaged Tubes Paunicka, James L
Supported Enhancements to the Near
Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ- for a Range of Gun Steels With Bausch- Air Vehicle Technology Integration Pro-
ing System (HABSOS) – 173 inger Effect – 103 gram (AVTIP) Delivery Order 0015: Open
Control Platform (OCP) Software En-
Paine, Chris Parker, Gordon G. abled Control (SEC) Hardware in the
Analysis of the Optical Design for the Static Formation Control Using Inter- Loop Simulation - OCP Hardware Inte-
SAFIR Telescope – 416 spacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48 gration – 7
B-47
Pavel, Josef Peeler, D. K. Petillo, J
Selected Environmental Factors of Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Computer-Aided Design and Optimiza-
Czech Contingent Soldiers during their Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental tion of High-Performance Vacuum Elec-
Deployment in Afghanistan and Health Results – 105 tronic Devices – 434
Status Markers after their Homecom- Petkovic, M.
Peitso, Ari
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A Research Program on Health, Perfor- Flexible and Scalable Digital Library
Pavlik, V. N. mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in Search – 281
The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 Petrich, Jacob W
Scale – 258
Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili- Development of Methods for the Real-
Pawel, S. J. tary Field Training in Winter and the Time and Rapid Identification and Detec-
Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira- tion of TSE in Living Animals Using Fluo-
Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1, tory Fitness – 262 rescence Spectroscopy of the
2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87 Eye – 251
Pellettiere, Joseph A
Pawlowski, C. W. Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact Pettitt, Rodger A
Integration of an Economy Under Imper- Signals Based on Wavelet Decomposi- Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Sig-
fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco- tions – 345 nals to a Covert Tactile Communication
logical Model – 283 System in a Dynamic Environ-
Peng, L ment – 118
Payson, Paul M Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug
Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41 Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Petzel, Erhard
Payson, Paul Disorders – 233 Evaluation of the Quality of an Informa-
tion Security Management Sys-
Effect of Electrode Loss on the Dynamic Penin, Luis F. tem – 289
Range of Linearized Directional Coupler Design and Implementation of Optimal
Modulators – 136 Petzold, L.
Reconfiguration Maneuvers for Sepa-
rated Space Interferometry – 442 Sensitivity Analysis of Differential-
Pearlman, H
Algebraic Equations and Partial Differen-
A Numerical Study of Cool Flame Devel- Pepi, Marc tial Equations – 281
Electrospark Deposition for the Repair of Peyrotte, Christian
Pearson, Boise Army Main Battle Tank Compo-
A Formation Flying RF Subsystem for
Fission Surface Power for the Explora- nents – 99 DARWIN: Breadboard Results – 128
tion and Colonization of Mars – 174
Perchonok, M. H. Pham, Chuong
Pearson, J Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the The Inherent Visible Light Signature of
Performance Analysis of a Wing With Last 45 Years – 255 an Intense Underwater Ultraviolet Light
Multiple Winglets – 3 Source Due to Combined Raman and
Perchonok, Michele
Pearson, Jerone Changes in Space Food over the Last 45 Fluorescence Effects – 414
Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual- Years – 221 Phelan, Jim
Launch Concept – 36 From Distance Learning to Blended
Perkins, C.
Peart, John W Learning: A Program Incorporating Mul-
Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface
The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coat- tiple Objects to Facilitate e-Learning -
ing Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66 Examples from V-learn.ie – 285
Perkins, J. D. Pickard, Brian
Peart, John
Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Chlorine Disinfection in the Use of Indi-
Marine Coatings Performance for Differ- Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem-
ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 vidual Water Purification Devices – 231
plate Layers – 177
Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Sur- Pickens, C.
Pern, F. J. The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity
face Preparation and Coatings – 73
Development of Damp-Heat Resistant Scale – 258
Pecherski, Ryszard B Self-Primed EVA and Non-EVA Encapsu-
Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac- lant Formulations at NREL – 175 Pierrot, Lane
ture – 402 CBO Testimony: Aging Military Equip-
Perry, Carole C ment – 399
Pechoucek, Michal Studies of Biosilicification; The Role of
Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Proteins, Carbohydrates and Model Pieters, C. M.
Environment – 333 Compounds in Structure Control – 84 Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
with M3 – 450
Peckerar, M C Persson, S.
Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for Pieters, Carle
Spacecraft Platform for Advanced For-
Real Time Decomposition of Superposed Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten-
mation Flying – 62
Radar Signals in the Presence of tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451
Noise – 152 Perzyna, Piotr Pihler, Joze
Neural Networks for Tactile Percep- Effect of Strain Rate on Ductile Frac- Design of Current Impulse Genera-
tion – 294 ture – 402 tor – 131
Pedersen, Jan A Peskin, M. E. Pike, Bill
Localization Performance of Real and Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detec- Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to
Virtual Sound Sources – 21 tors – 401 an Existing Training Simulation – 332
Pedigo, S. Peters, O. Pilkey, Walter D
Strategic Planning of Communications Longitudinal Bunch Shape Diagnostics Energy Distribution Analysis of Impact
and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar With Coherent Radiation And a Trans- Signals Based on Wavelet Decomposi-
Energy Technologies Program – 177 verse Deflecting Cavity at TTF2 – 418 tions – 345
B-48
Pinter, G A Plunket, B Potter, Laura K
A Computational Model for Sound Field Elastic-Viscoplastic Anisotropic Model- Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107
Absorption by Acoustic Arrays (revision ling of Textured Metals and Validation Probabilistic Methods for Addressing Un-
6) – 134 Using the Taylor Cylinder Impact certainty and Variability in Biological
Test – 98 Models: Application to a Toxicokinetic
Pinter, Gabriella A
Podboy, Gary G. Model – 202
Analysis of Bonded Elastic
Blocks – 110 An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa- Pouget, Fabien
coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca- Attack Processes Found on the Inter-
Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107 pabilities for Installed Cooling net – 323
Multiscale Considerations in Modeling of Fans – 407
Nonlinear Elastomers – 106 Pounds, Julia
Poggio, T A Human Factors Review of the Opera-
Pinto, M A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu- tional Error Literature – 5
At-Sea Measurements of Diver Target tations and Circuits in the Feedforward
Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Pourciau, B
Strengths at 100 kHz: Measurement
Visual Cortex – 251 Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Technique and First Results – 387
Piris, J. Poggio, Tomaso gram) – 373
A New Biologically Motivated Framework
Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Poussin, G
for Robust Object Recognition – 334
Devices Using Dendrimers – 179 Double protection passive pour les equi-
Attentional Selection for Object Recogni- pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ :
Pirson, Laurent tion - A Gentle Way – 340 Concept et etude experimentale (Design
Accurate Formation Flying Design and and Experimental Study of the Passive
General Mechanism for Tuning: Gain
Validation for the Darwin Precursor Dem- Double Hearing Protection for the Crew
Control Circuits and Synapses Underlie
onstration Mission – 49 of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411
Tuning of Cortical Neurons – 252
Pishko, A. L. Object Recognition with Features In- Powell, David
From Sequential Extraction to Transport spired by Visual Cortex – 332 Intrusion Tolerance for Unclassified Net-
Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation worked Systems – 317
On the Role of Object-Specific Features
as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic
for Real World Object Recognition in Powers, Ed
Contaminants – 64
Biological Vision – 338 A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier-
Pittet, Christelle Shape Representation in V4: Investigat- Phase Time Transfer – 134
Closed-Loop Control of Formation Flying ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound- Test Results from a Digital P(Y) Code
Satellites: Time and Parameter Varying ary Confirmation with the Standard Beamsteering GPS Receiver Designed
Framework – 58 Model of Object Recognition – 252 for Carrier-Phase Time Transfer – 135
Pittman, Jasna V. Stability Results in Learning Prakash, Ravi
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Theory – 395 Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL
Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- Trainable Videorealistic Speech Anima- Vehicle – 60
FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans- tion – 153 Prather, Dennis
port and Entrainment using Observations
Ultra-FDst Object Recognition from Few Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Re-
and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
Spikes – 252 gion – 130
Pitz, W J Pratt, Jr , Edmund T
Pollard, Eric L
Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex- Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma-
Manufacture and Experimental Analysis
perimental and Kinetic Modeling chinery Airfoils – 142
of a Concentrated Strain Based Deploy-
Study – 83
able Truss Structure – 32 Presley, John F
Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Orga- Quantum-Dot Based Automated Screen
nophosphorus Compounds – 69 Polzin, K. A.
Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric of Sentinel Lymph Nodes for Metastatic
Placzankis, Brian E Propulsion – 61 Breast Cancer – 205
Laboratory Assessment of DoD Coating Presser, Cary
Poornalingam, Ram
Adhesion on Ti-6A1-4V – 104 Suppression of a Non-Premixed Flame
VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Behind a Step – 90
Plant, Nathaniel Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313
A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Pritchett, Justin E
Popa, Dan
Prediction – 365 Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as
Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105
Plaza, Antonio J of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode-
gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245 Privette, Jeffrey
Automated Selection of Results in Hier-
archical Segmentations of Remotely A New Approach for Radiometric Cross
Porter, III, Maynard J Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom-
Sensed Hyperspectral Images – 170 Bio-Inspired, Odor-Based Naviga- eters – 112
Plotkin, Kenneth J. tion – 330
Proctor, Margaret P.
Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Porter, Ron Continued Investigation of Leakage and
Propagation in Aircraft Noise Predic- Fission Surface Power for the Explora- Power Loss Test Results for Competing
tion – 409 tion and Colonization of Mars – 174 Turbine Engine Seals – 161
Plowden, Keith O Posse, C. Proffen, Daniel K.
Baltimore City Faith-Based Prostate Towards a Unified Approach to Informa- Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Forma-
Cancer Prevention and Control Coali- tion Integration A Review Paper on tion Control: Stable Mode-Switching and
tion – 215 Data/Information Fusion – 280 Cross-Coupling – 50
B-49
Prothero, Gary L. Radakovich, Thomas Ramani, Gowri S
Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu- Development of Standard Procedures for Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organiza-
vers – 30 Shipboard Print Inspection – 71 tions: A Preliminary Report – 298
Protic, Jelica Raftery, Adrian E Rangaswamy, Muralidhar
Restructuring Curriculum in Electrical Bayesian Model Averaging: Develop- Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabili-
Engineering and Computer Science Ac- ment of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene ties of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364
cording to Bologna Process – 289 Selection and Classification Tool for Mi-
Impact of Diverse Polarisations on Clut-
croarray Data – 244
Protz, Christopher ter Statistics – 363
Local Heat Flux Measurements with Bayesian Regularization for Normal Mix-
Single and Small Multi-element Coaxial ture Estimation and Model-Based Clus-
Element-Injectors – 61 tering – 368
ter Scenarios – 85
Provost, Foster J Combining Spatial Statistical and En-
Statistical Analysis of the Nonhomogene-
Confidence Bands for ROC semble Information in Probabilistic
ity Detector for Non-Gaussian Interfer-
Curves – 330 Weather Forecasts – 198
ence Backgrounds – 366
Ptak, A. Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust
Rao, Raghuveer
Model-Based Segmentation of Microar-
Understanding the Potential and Limita- Terahertz (THZ) Imaging – 129
ray Images – 369
tions of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar
Cells – 181 Probabilistic Forecasts, Calibration and Rao, T.
Sharpness – 368 Diamond Secondary Emitter – 396
Puente, B
Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Superconducting Photocathodes – 396
Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Aver- Raphael, Bertram
aging – 198 Robot Research at Stanford Research
Puente-Espada, B.
Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Strictly Proper Scoring Rules, Prediction, Institute – 340
Environments – 270 and Estimation – 393
Rasko, David A
Puleo, Anthony J Rahman, Zahidul H. Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a
Mitigating Insider Threat Using Human An Overview of the Formation and Atti- Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill-
Behavior Influence Models – 432 tude Control System for the Terrestrial ness Resembling Inhalation An-
Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer- thrax – 224
Purcell, George H., Jr. ometer – 53
Rasmussen, Lisbeth M
Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Raine, J D
Formation Flying Missions – 48 Virtual Reality in Denmark – 337
Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched
Qi, Chao Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Rastogi, Vipin K
Identification of Novel Tumor Suppressor Merozoites – 223 A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es-
Genes for Breast Cancer – 214 cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for
Raizer, Victor Production of Organophosphorus Hydro-
Qu, John J A Combined Foam-Spray Model for lase – 68
A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Ocean Microwave Radiometry – 171
Ratiu, Tudor S
Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom- Rajasekaran, Ayyappan K
eters – 112 Dissipation Induced Instabilities – 406
Analysis of Microtubule Mediated Func-
Quaia, Stefano tions of Prostate Specific Membrane An- Ravel, Jacques
New Perspectives for Power Transmis- tigen – 206 Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a
sion in the European Liberalized Electric- Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill-
Rakhlin, Alexander ness Resembling Inhalation An-
ity Market and Possible Role of Four- Some Properties of Empirical Risk Mini-
Phase Systems – 132 thrax – 224
mization Over Donsker Classes – 371
Quashnock, Dee Ravindran, Arippa
Stability Results in Learning
Integration and Application of Human Celastrus paniculatus Seed Water
Theory – 395
Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: As- Soluble Extracts Protect Against
sessment of Network Centric Warfare Rakoczy, John M. Glutamate Toxicity in Neuronal Cultures
Capabilities – 268 Global Radius of Curvature Estimation From Rat Forebrain – 222
and Control System for Segmented Mir- Ray, Laura E
Quinn, George D rors – 166
Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar- Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active
Ramachandran, Prabha Noise Control for Hearing Protection and
ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95
Source Authentication for Multicast in Communication – 410
Quinn, James M Mobile Ad Hoc Networks – 318
Raye, J K
Call-Center Based Disease Management
Ramachandran, Sowmya Approximation Methods for Inverse Prob-
of Pediatric Asthmatics – 235
Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring lems Governed by Nonlinear Parabolic
Quinn, R B System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific Systems – 347
Radio Transmission Between Two Sub- Military Domains – 436
Raynard, Steven
merged Submarines – 119 FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame- Role of Rad51-Mediated Interactions in
Rabideau, Gregg work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring Recombination – 242
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 Systems – 10
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Readey, D. W.
Ramanathan, K.
Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD
Racz, Zsolt High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar
Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175
Foreign Object Damage in a Gas- gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet-
Turbine Grade Silicon Nitride by Spheri- Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain
cal Projectiles of Various Materials – 26 Solar Cells – 179 Growth – 183
B-50
Ready, R. C. Reeder, James R. Reitich, F
SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur- 3-D Mixed Mode Delamination Fracture Simulations of Particle Dynamics in Mag-
ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor- Criteria - An Experimentalist’s Perspec- netorheological Fluids – 145
phous Silicon – 173 tive – 78
Relyea, Harold C
Reamer, I. A. Reedy, R. C. Information Sharing for Homeland Secu-
Nepheline Formation Study for Sludge Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD rity: A Brief Overview – 440
Batch 4 (SB4): Phase 2 Experimental a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro-
gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet- Remolina, Emilio
Results – 105 FlexiTrainer: A Visual Authoring Frame-
Rebak, R. B. Growth – 183 work for Case-Based Intelligent Tutoring
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chlo- Systems – 10
Reedy, R.
ride Solutions Containing Organic Ac- Ren, Hsuan
Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface
ids – 81 A Comparative Study for Orthogonal
Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice Subspace Projection and Constrained
Rees, David Energy Minimization – 169
Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride
Ions – 81 Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry-
Perot Interferometers – 459 Repak, Paul L
Rebordao, Jose Why Photonic Systems for Space? – 41
Reese, Shawn
High Precision Optical Metrology for Homeland Security Grant Formulas: A Reps, Thomas
DARWIN – 50 Comparison of Formula Provisions in S. Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI
Reddell, B. 21 and H.R. 1544, 109th Con- on PKI – 327
Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- gress – 167 Resio, Donald T
sign Tools – 47 Reeve, Jr, Ronald C Evaluation of Potential JHSV Port and
Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics Alternative Offload Sites in Coastal North
Redden, Elizabeth S
(The National Shipbuilding Research Carolina – 439
Comparison of Army Hand and Arm Sig- Program) – 332
nals to a Covert Tactile Communication Restificar, Angelo
System in a Dynamic Environ- Reeves, J. D. KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn-
ment – 118 An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data-
Analysis – 387 Poor Domains – 330
Enhanced Night Vision Goggle Customer
Test – 149 Regev, C. Reynaud, G
The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity Double protection passive pour les equi-
Redding, Nicholas J Scale – 258 pages de l’helicoptere d’attaque ‘Tigre’ :
Video Moving Target Indication in the Concept et etude experimentale (Design
Analysts’ Detection Support Sys- Rehak, Martin
and Experimental Study of the Passive
tem – 153 Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial
Double Hearing Protection for the Crew
Environment – 333
Redell, Frederick H of the Attack Helicopter ‘Tiger’ – 411
Reich, D H
Power-Scalable Inflation-Deployed Solar Reynolds, M B
Arrays – 41 Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for
Mitigating TCP Degradation over Inter-
Biomagnetic Interfacing Con-
mittent Link Failures using Intermediate
Redmond, Daniel cepts – 259
Buffers – 120
Visual Perception, Flight Performance, Reid, J R
and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- Rezaiifar, Ramin
A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with
tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Integrated TEM Transmission Smart Structures and Wavelet Based
Wake: Implications for Automated Work- Lines – 128 System Identification – 344
agement Tools – 267 Reil, K. Ribaucour, M
SalSA: A Teraton UHE Neutrino Detec- Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex-
Reed, Allen H tor – 447 perimental and Kinetic Modeling
Morphology of Gas Bubbles in Mud: A Study – 83
Microcomputed Tomographic Evalua- Reilly, Matthew
An Analysis of Weight Change in Fil- Ribot, Wilson J
tion – 147
ters – 166 Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im-
Reed, Christopher W mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph-
Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir- Reilly, Thomas L. ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis
culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, Method and Apparatus for the Portable Survival – 219
Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor- Identification Of Material Thickness And
Defects Along Uneven Surfaces Using Ricca, G. D.
phology Change – 124
Spatially Controlled Heat Applica- Inclusive Measurements of Vub from Ba-
Reed, Garrett D tion – 113 Bar – 421
Comparison of Numerical and Experi- Reinero, Bryan R. Rice, Jeffrey S
mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of
Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi- Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for
the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre-
span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the Decomposition of Chemical Warfare
print) – 311
NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun- Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and
Complementary Density Measurements nel – 1 QL – 95
for the 200W Busek Hall Thruster (PRE-
PRINT) – 417 Reising, John M. Rice, Robert M
Status Report for HFM-078/RTG-17 Un- Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed-
Reed, Garrett inhabited Military Vehicles: Human Fac- Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na-
Plume Characteristics of the BHT-HD- tor Issues in Augmenting the tional Shipbuilding Research Pro-
600 Hall Thruster (Preprint) – 42 Force – 265 gram) – 73
B-51
Richardson, Michael Rios-Tejada, F. Rodriauez, M. A.
A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Inhibition of Chloride Induced Crevice
Prediction – 365 Environments – 270 Corrosion in Alloy 22 by Fluoride
Ions – 81
Richardson, William B Ripamonti, Claudio
Nitrogen Processing Efficiency of an Up- Performance, Capacity and Limitations Rodriguez, Cesar Alonso
per Mississippi River Backwater of AMSS Communications – 115 Influence of Physical Exercise in the Per-
Lake – 85 ception of Back Pain in Spanish Fighter
Simulation and Performance of Data
Pilots – 267
Richie, Thomas L Communication using AMSS – 12
Associations Between Responses to the Rodriguez, M. A.
Rissanen, Sirkka Corrosion Behavior of Alloy 22 in Chlo-
Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili-
of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity ride Solutions Containing Organic Ac-
tary Field Training in Winter and the ids – 81
to Malaria Infection – 202 Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira-
Update on the Clinical Development of tory Fitness – 262 Roelke, IV, George R
Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224 Fault and Defect Tolerant Computer Ar-
Risztics, Peter Karoly chitectures: Reliable Computing with Un-
Richter, Joel D. University-Industry Relations in Hungary: reliable Devices – 293
Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insu- Establishment Scheme of the Budapest
lation for the External Tank Return to University of Technology and Economics, Rogers, J V
Flight – 446 Information Technology Innovation and Comparative Study of Molecular Mecha-
Knowledge Centre /BME(IT)2/ – 286 nisms of Skin Irritation After Acute Expo-
Ricks, Wendell sure to m-XYLENE in Rats and Guinea
NASA Systems Analysis and Concepts Rivenez, Marie Pigs – 65
Directorate Mission and Trade Study Comment ameliorer la selection et le
Rogers, W O
Analysis – 374 traitement des messages verbaux? (How
to Improve the Selection and Processing Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac-
Riesenhuber, Maximilian of Verbal Messages) – 121 cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203
Attentional Selection for Object Recogni- Rolling, August J
tion - A Gentle Way – 340 Rizeq, G.
Propagation of Detonation Waves in
Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust
On the Role of Object-Specific Features
with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, Tube – 27
for Real World Object Recognition in
2003 to September 30, 2005 – 81
Biological Vision – 338 Rollwagen, F M
Shape Representation in V4: Investigat- Ro, Min S Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El-
ing Position-Specific Tuning for Bound- Internet-Based Cervical Cytology evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres-
ary Confirmation with the Standard Screening Program – 232 sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225
Model of Object Recognition – 252
Robbins, Paul D Romano, James A., Jr.
Rife, J C Protein Transduction Based Therapies U.S. Warfighters’ Mental Health and
Design and Performance of GMR Sen- for Breast Cancer – 238 Readiness – 273
sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro- Romanowski, Tomothy P.
Roberts, B. C.
beads in Biosensors – 399
Space Shuttle Pad Exposure Period Me- Energy Index For Aircraft Maneu-
Rifkin, Ryan teorological Parameters STS-1 Through vers – 30
Asymptotics of Gaussian Regularized STS-107 – 193 Rongo, Robert
Least-Squares – 395 Shipbuilding Robotics and Economics
Robertson, Karen A.
Riley, Paul J Strategies to Improve Alertness during (The National Shipbuilding Research
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Extended Deployments – 263 Program) – 332
gram. 1993 Ship Production Symposium. Ros, H. P.
Robinette, Kathleen
Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva- Prevention of Low Back Com-
tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons Principles of Fit to Optimize Helmet Siz-
ing – 279 plaints – 277
Learned – 111
Rosenberg, Jonathan
Ringo, John Robinson, Brent K
Gene Expression Analysis of Circulating
Mixed-Signal Electronics Technology for An Investigation Into Robust Wind Cor- Hormone Refractory Prostate Can-
Space (MSETS) – 128 rection Algorithms for Off-the Shelf Un- cer – 211
manned Aerial Vehicle Autopilots – 15
Rintamaeki, Hannu Rosenberry, Terrone L
Robinson, Jeffrey S. New Inhibitors of the Peripheral Site in
A Research Program on Health, Perfor-
mance and Cold Protection of Soldiers in SACD’s Support of the Hyper-X Pro- Acetylcholinesterase that Specifically
Long-Term Combat during Winter – 270 gram – 148 Block Organophosphorylation – 218
Prediction and Prevention of Frost- Robinson, Julie A. Rosenthal, Kenneth S
bite – 242 NASA Utilization of the International CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac-
Space Station and the Vision for Space tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225
Rintamaki, Hannu Exploration – 258
Physical Activity during a 12 Days Mili- Rosner, William
tary Field Training in Winter and the RoblesSanchez, J. Unique Approaches to Androgen Effects
Effects on Muscular and Cardiorespira- Medical Personnel Motivation in One In- on Prostate Cancer – 250
tory Fitness – 262 ternational Mission – 274
Ross, Theodora S
Rios, F Robson, Christopher L Identification of Potential Therapeutic
Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Mechanisms for HIP1 Inhibition in Breast
Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 Networks – 328 Cancer – 213
B-52
Rotem, D. Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules Runyon, C.
Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor- Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon
Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several ite Fall – 457 with M3 – 450
Orders of Magnitude – 290 Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles Rupnowki, P.
Rothberg, Paul F Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM
Dislocation Generation by Thermal
Security Threat Assessments for Hazmat Chondrites – 189
Drivers – 70 Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in ments – 183
Rouan, Daniel CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for
the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic Rusjan, Bruno
Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452 Physical Look on Economic and Finance
Nulling – 54 Northwest Africa 428: Impact-induced
Annealing of an L6 Chondrite Brec- Rusjan, Edmond
Roumes, Corinne
cia – 456 Physical Look on Economic and Finance
Fighter Pilots in Simulated Operational Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low- Oscillations – 131
Flights: A Human Factors Ap- FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules
Russell, Joshua
proach – 10 in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous
Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Novel Antigen Identification Method for
Rousset, Gerard Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens
First Formation Flying Demonstration Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En-
Mission Including on Flight Bracewell and Host Grains in Chondrules in the coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
Nulling – 54 Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454 nome – 224
Rouwen, A. J. P. Postshock Annealing and Postannealing
Russell, Kevin L
Shock in Equilibrated Ordinary Chon-
Contact Lens Wear during Prolonged Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Im-
drites: Implications for the Thermal and
Military Operations, Is it Safe and Effec- munizations Administered in a Stressful
Shock Histories of Chondritic Aster-
tive or is Refractive Surgery a Better Environment on Immunologic Func-
oids – 456
Option? – 261 tion – 254
Relationships Among Intrinsic Properties
Roy, B. of Ordinary Chondrites: Oxidation State, Russo, Michael
Rapid Thermal Annealing of HWCVD Bulk Chemistry, Oxygen-isotopic Com- Cognitive Performance in Operational
a-Si: Films: The Effect of the Film Hydro- position, Petrologic Type, and Chondrule Environments – 266
gen Content on the Crystallization Kinet- Size – 190
ics, Surface Morphology, and Grain Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
Growth – 183 Shock, Post-Shock Annealing, and Post- and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
Annealing Shock in Ureilites – 188 tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous
Roy, Dilip G Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction To- load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications
mography – 208 agement Tools – 267
Royal, T A Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189 Ruszinko, Miklos
On a Powder Consolidation Prob- Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos- Analysis and Coding for Multiple-Access
lem – 69 sible Formation of the IVA Magma by Channels – 121
Rozanov, Alexei Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL-
Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal- Ruthel, Gordon
Fossil Microorganisms in Ar-
lization and Cooling – 453 Anthrax Lethal Toxin Impairs Innate Im-
chaean – 168
mune Functions of Alveolar Macroph-
Spade: An H Chondrite Impact-melt
Rubin, A. E. ages and Facilitates Bacillus anthracis
Ar-39-Ar-40 Evidence for Early Impact Survival – 219
nealing – 457
Events on the LL Parent Body – 455
Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in Ryan, Harry M.
Rubin, Alan E. Type II Chondrules and Limited Over- Characterization and Analyses of Valves,
A Relict-Grain-Bearing Porphyritic Oliv- growths on Phenocrysts Following the Feed Lines and Tanks used in Propellant
ine Compound Chondrule from LL3.0 Se- Final Melting Event – 191 Delivery Systems at NASA SSC – 112
markona that Experienced Limited Re-
melting – 188 Rubio, A D Ryan, Joe
Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For
A Weathering Index for CK and R Chon- Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu-
drites – 189 rity – 165
Ruefle, Robin
Aluminian Low-Ca Pyroxene in a Ca-Al- Defining Incident Management Pro- Ryan, Margaret A K
rich Chondrule from the Semarkona Me- cesses for CSIRTs: A Work in
teorite – 456 Evaluation of the Effects of Multiple Im-
Progress – 322 munizations Administered in a Stressful
Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from Environment on Immunologic Func-
Rumminger, M D
the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For- tion – 254
mation from H3 Chondrite Material by Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and
Blends of Inert and Catalytic Ryan, Robert E.
Agents – 91
Chromite-Plagioclase Assemblages as a Verification and Validation of NASA-
New Shock Indicator; Implications for the Runge, Hartmut Supported Enhancements to the Near
Shock and Thermal Histories of Ordinary A Tight Formation for Along-track SAR Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
Chondrites – 190 Interferometry – 51 ing System (HABSOS) – 173
Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift Runyon, Cassandra Saadat, Farzad

in the O Isotopic Composition of the Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten- CRESST Human Performance Knowl-
Solar Nebula – 455 tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 edge Mapping System – 302
B-53
Sabathier, Vincent Salmatjidis, Ioanis Santtila, M.
National Security Space Policy in the Impact and Force Control of Flexible Heart Rate Variability Analysis Based on
U.S. and Europe. Trends and Manipulators – 344 Recordings Made by Soldiers in Field
Choices – 34 Salnikov, A. Conditions during a 19-Day Ranger
Sacchi, Claudio T Training Operation – 268
Beam Dynamics in a Spectrometer for
Identification of Anthrax Toxin Genes in a the Polarized Positron Production Ex- Sapolsky, Harvey
Bacillus cereus Associated With An Ill- periment – 156 National Security Space Policy in the
ness Resembling Inhalation An- Evolution of the Configuration Database U.S. and Europe. Trends and
thrax – 224 Design – 291 Choices – 34
Sackheim, Robert Sarkar, Purna
Samborowski, Leonard J
The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program Scalable Detection and Optimization of
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Their Value
Small Launch Vehicles – 36 N-ARY Linkages – 385
in Security Operations – 20
Sacksteder, Kurt Sarma, Anita
Sametinger, Johannes
Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl- Visualizing Parallel Workspace Activi-
inders in Forced and Natural Flows and ties – 377
Microgravity – 141 cesses – 287
Sasaki, Kensuke
Sadler, Brian M Sams, C. F.
OCDM Transmission Experiments on
On Periodic Pulse Interval Analysis with Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a
JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291
Outliers and Missing Observa- Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss
Associated with Spaceflight – 255 Saucillo, Rudolph
tions – 359
Sam-Yellowe, Tobili Y NASA Langley Research Center Sys-
Saenz-Otero, Alvar tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate
SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched
Participation in the Exploration Systems
Development and Validation Testbed: Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium
Architecture Study – 459
Current Progress and Beyond – 55 Merozoites – 223
Sauerborn, Geoffrey C
Saffman, Mark Sanchez, Esteban F
Csv_to_ZDIFF: A Translator in the
Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral At- Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted CASRED Tool Set, Version 1.4 – 312
oms – 413 Associativity On the Reliability and Per-
formance Of Mobile Ad Hoc Net- Saul, Allan
Sahlstrom, T D works – 120 Update on the Clinical Development of
Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec- Candidate Malaria Vaccines – 224
tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or- Sanchez, Roberto C
bit – 35 Managing Bandwidth and Traffic via Bun- Saunders, R A
dling and Filtration in Large-Scale Dis- Nonelectronic Countermeasures for In-
Sahn, David J tributed Simulations – 136 frared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of
Telemedicine Based Ultrasound for De- Heat Decoys as Countermea-
tecting Neonatal Heart Disease in Babies Sanders, Melanie J
sures – 461
at Remote Military of Native American Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for
Health Care Facilities – 231 Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Sawada, Shin-ichi
Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and Assessment of Local Cold Tolerance of
Sahoo, Debashis QL – 95 Individuals by using Conventional and
Control of Acoustics and Store Separa- Unconventional Methods Based on Ob-
tion in a Cavity in Supersonic Flow – 8 Sanderson, R
servation of CIVD Reactivity – 258
Saito, Hirobumi Cell – 181 Sawka, M N
The Relative Position Control in Forma- Operator Functional State Assessment
tion Flying Satellites Using Super- Sandor, Leslie W
(l’evaluation de i’aptitude operationnelle
Conducting Magnets – 62 The Effect of Edge Preparation on Coat-
ing Life Phase. Phase 2 – 66
Sakai, Shin-ichiro Sawyer, Benjamin G
The Relative Position Control in Forma- Sangkharomaya, Suebpong
Games for Health 2005 – 430
tion Flying Satellites Using Super- Research and Operational Support for
Conducting Magnets – 62 the Study of Military Relevant Infectious Sawyer, Robert F
Diseases of Interest to USA and Royal On the Vaporization and Thermal Oxida-
Sakamoto, Takahide Thai Government – 213 tion of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon/Alcohol
Advanced Optical Modulators for Next- Sprays – 83
generation Photonic Networks – 126 Sanner, Robert M.
Formation Control for the MAXIM Mis- Saydy, Lahcen
Sakla, Steven sion – 52 Guardian Maps and the Generalized Sta-
Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic bility of Parametrized Families of Matri-
Fluid Management – 143 Virtual Rigid Body (VRB) Satellite Forma-
tion Control: Stable Mode-Switching and ces and Polynomials – 392
Salah, Joseph E Cross-Coupling – 50 On Stabilization with a Prescribed Re-
Studies of Enhanced Performance of the gion of Asymptotic Stability – 392
SanSoucie, Michael P.
Mileura Widefield Array for Solar Obser-
Habitat Design Optimization and Analy- Sayres, David S.
vation and Space Weather – 447
sis – 452 CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective
Salapaka, Murti V Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL-
Model Development and Inverse Com- Santiago, Saul
FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
pensator Design for High Speed Nan- Visual Perception, Flight Performance, port and Entrainment using Observations
opositioning – 133 and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199
Salasovich, J. Wake: Implications for Automated Work- Schabel, Matthias C
Cold-Climate Solar Domestic Hot Water load Control Systems as Fatigue Man- Transurethral Ultrasound Diffraction To-
Systems Analysis – 182 agement Tools – 267 mography – 208
B-54
Schade, H A Schiller, N. H. Schols, Ed
Shock and Vibration Bulletin. No. A High-Authority/Low-Authority Control Frostbite in Ski Boots for Marines – 261
5 – 428 Strategy for Coupled Aircraft-Style
Schrag, Robert
Bays – 13
Schaeffer, David G Expressive Threat Detection Validation
A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlin- Schlegel, Charles F Framework – 299
ear Parabolic PDE – 391 Global En Route Basing Infrastructure
Schramm, Fred, Jr.
Location Model – 21
Secondary Circulation in Granular Flow NASA Technologies for Product Identifi-
Through Nonaxisymmetric Hop- Schmidt, A. R. cation – 44
pers – 144 Flexible and Scalable Digital Library
Search – 281 Schribner, David
Schaller, Joerg The Effect of Various Display Modalities
Hydrogeological Report, Lajes Field, Schmidt, Harry on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task
Azores, Portugal – 144 Integrated Sensing Processor (ISP) Performance – 265
Phase II: Demonstration and Evaluation
Schamus, John Schrijver, C.
for Distributed Sensor Networks and Mis-
Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost sile Seeker Systems – 293 The Stellar Imager (SI) ‘Vision Mis-
Commercial GPS Receiver Through sion’ – 56
Software Approach (Preprint) – 306 Schmidt, John R
Progress in the Development of a Mul- Schroeder, David
Scharf, Daniel P. A Human Factors Review of the Opera-
tiphase Turbulent Model of the
An Overview of the Formation and Atti- Gas/Particle Flow in a Small-Caliber Am- tional Error Literature – 5
tude Control System for the Terrestrial munition Primer – 147
Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer- Schroeder, Paul
ometer – 53 Schmidt, Martin A Screening Evaluations for Upland Con-
Demonstration of a Microfabricated High- fined Disposal Facility Effluent Qual-
Scharf, Daniel Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear- ity – 84
Formation Algorithms and Simulation ings – 161
Testbed – 444 Schroff, Richard
Schnabel, Robert B Group A Streptococcal Puerperal Sepsis
Schaub, Hanspeter A New Large-Scale Global Optimization With Retroperitoneal Involvement Devel-
Static Formation Control Using Inter- Method and Its Application to Lennard- oping in a Late Postpartum Woman:
spacecraft Coulomb Forces – 48 Jones Problems – 356 Case Report – 226
Schauer, F R Developing and Understanding Methods Schulte, D.
Experimental Study of Deflagration-to- for Large-Scale Nonlinear Optimiza- Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for
Detonation Enhancement Techniques in tion – 381 Luminosity Performance Studies – 422
a H2/Air Pulsed-Detonation En-
Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an Schum, William K
gine – 27
Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global Modeling and Simulation of Satellite Sub-
Schauer, Fred R Optimization Algorithm – 356 systems for End-to-End Spacecraft Mod-
Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch- Representations of Quasi-Newton Matri- eling – 38
ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29 ces and Their Use in Limited Memory Schwaller, Mathew R
Propagation of Detonation Waves in Methods – 391
NASA’s Global Precipitation Mission
Tubes Split from a PDE Thrust TENSOLVE: A Software Package for Ground Validation Segment – 199
Tube – 27 Solving Systems of Nonlinear Equations
and Nonlinear Least Squares Problems Schwartz, Michael F
Schauer, Fred
Using Tensor Methods – 356 Customized Information Extraction as a
Data Analysis and Compression Tech-
Basis for Resource Discovery – 435
niques for Megabyte-Data PDE Experi- Schneider, Jean
ments – 29 First Formation Flying Demonstration Experiences with a Survey Tool for Dis-
Mission Including on Flight Bracewell covering Network Time Protocol Serv-
Evaluation of a Hybrid-Piston Pulsed
Nulling – 54 ers – 323
Detonation Engine – 113
Integration of a Pulsed Detonation En- Schneider, Jeff Schwartz, Richard
gine With an Ejector Pump and With a Scalable Detection and Optimization of Headline Generation for Written and
Turbo-Charger as Methods to Self- N-ARY Linkages – 385 Broadcast News – 432
Aspirate – 28 Schneider, Jochen M Schwartzman, Eugene
Interaction of a Pulsed Detonation En- Ab-Initio Calculations of Structure and Knowledge Representation in PARKA.
gine With a Turbine – 28 Properties of Nanolaminated MAX Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En-
Phases – 138 hancements – 337
Schauer, Frederick
Heat Transfer ad Thermal Management Schneider, Michael K Schwoon, Stefan
in a Pulsed Detonation Engine – 28 DARPA Integrated Sensing and Process- Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI
ing (ISP) Program. Approximation Meth- on PKI – 327
Schauer, Fredric ods for Markov Decision Problems in
Initiation of Detonation in a Large Sensor Management – 363 Scire, Jr, James
Tube – 27 Advanced FT-IR Gas Analysis – 357
Schneider, Robert W
Scheltens, James Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for Scott, Matthew E
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Precision Measurement and Detec- Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments
gram. Square Butt Pipe Welding – 98 tion – 150 (The National Shipbuilding Research
Program) – 104
Schepler, Kenneth L Schoeler, George B
Modeling of Time-Dependent Thermal Evidence of Rickettsial and Leptospira Sealander, Dave
Effects in Cr2+-Doped Zinc Selenide Infections in Andean Northern Marine Coatings Performance for Differ-
Thin Disks – 157 Peru – 218 ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73
B-55
Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Sur- Semiatin, Sheldon L Shah, Chirag
face Preparation and Coatings – 73 X-Ray Line-Broadening Investigation of Evaluating the Quality of Query Refine-
Sears, Edie Deformation During Hot Rolling of Ti- ment Suggestions in Information Re-
The Precision Formation Flying Inte- 6A1-4V with a Colony-Alpha Microstruc- trieval – 437
grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 ture (PREPRINT) – 103
Shalf, J.
Searson, P C Serabyn, E. HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Deep Broad-Band Infrared Nulling Using Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast
Biomagnetic Interfacing Con- A Single-Mode Fiber Beam Combiner Bitmap Indices – 440
cepts – 259 and Baseline Rotation – 416 Shamma, S A
Sedegah, M Serban, R. Organization of Response Areas in Fer-
Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac- Sensitivity Analysis of Differential- ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220
cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Algebraic Equations and Partial Differen- Representation of Spectral Profiles in the
tial Equations – 281 Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of
Sedwick, Raymond J.
Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple
Electromagnetic Formation Flight Serkiz, S. M.
Phases – 412
(EMFF) for Sparse Aperture Arrays – 62 From Sequential Extraction to Transport
Seelecke, Stefan Modeling, Monitored Natural Attenuation Shamma, S
Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua- as a Remediation Approach for Inorganic Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for
tors – 106 Contaminants – 64 Real Time Decomposition of Superposed
Radar Signals in the Presence of
Segletes, Steven B Serre, T Noise – 152
A Concise Physical Interpretation of Sev- A Theory of Object Recognition: Compu-
tations and Circuits in the Feedforward Shamma, Shihab A
eral Analytical Grueneisen Formula-
tions – 358 Path of the Ventral Stream in Primate Identification of Connectivity in Neural
Visual Cortex – 251 Networks – 340
Seguela, Dominique
An Overview of CNES Strategy and Ac- Serre, Thomas Shamma, Shihab
tivities on Formation Flying – 57 A New Biologically Motivated Framework Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Filters:
for Robust Object Recognition – 334 Very Large Time-Constant Cir-
Seibert, W cuits – 406
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Object Recognition with Features In-
spired by Visual Cortex – 332 Area-Efficient Switched Capacitor Non-
Filtering Circuits: Sum-Gain Amplifi-
gram) – 373 On the Role of Object-Specific Features ers – 405
Seidman, Thomas I for Real World Object Recognition in
Biological Vision – 338 Shams, Qamar A.
An Inverse Eigenvalue Problem With Ro-
tational Symmetry – 389 Seshadri,, Rekha Acquisition System – 140
Well-Posedness and Convergence of Cloning, Expression, and Purification of
Some Regularization Methods for Non- Shang, Qingsheng
Brucella suis Outer Membrane Pro-
linear Ill-Posed Problems – 393 teins – 254 Encapsulation Application Research of
ArcSDE Access Interface in .Net Envi-
Seifert, Jeffery W Sesselmann, Rainer ronment – 171
Information Technology (IT) Manage- High Precision Optical Metrology for
ment: The Clinger-Cohen Act and the Shannon, Jackilen
DARWIN – 50 Fish Oil Supplementation and Fatty Acid
Homeland Security Act of 2002 – 430
Sessler, D I Synthase Expression in the Prostate: A
Seifert, Jeffrey W Randomized Controlled Trial – 249
Information Sharing for Homeland Secu- Effect of the Forearm Tissue Tempera-
rity: A Brief Overview – 440 ture on the Cold Induced Vasodila- Shapiro, Jonathan S
tion – 198 Eros-based Confined Capability Cli-
Sekulic, W.
Setlow, Barbara ent – 313
Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress
Test System at the Outdoor Test Facil- Physical Methods For Inactivating Shea, Dana A
ity – 184 Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399 Detection of Explosives on Airline Pas-
Performance Evaluation of a 1.5-kW a-Si Setlow, Peter sengers: Recommendation of the 9/11
PV Array Using the PVUSA Power Rating Commission and Related Issues – 7
Physical Methods For Inactivating
Method at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facil- Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399 The National Biodefense Analysis and
ity – 182 Countermeasures Center: Issues for
Severin, Kay Congress – 221
Small PV Systems Performance Evalua-
tion at NREL’s Outdoor Test Facility Us- New Oxidation Reactions for Use in Sen-
sitive Equipment Decontamination – 92 Shea, M T
ing the PVUSA Power Rating Treatment of PTSD-Related Anger in
Method – 175 Sfirri, Michael Troops Returning From Hazardous De-
Sekutowicz, J. A Purchasing Agent’s Guide to Buying ployments – 229
Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 Paints and Coatings – 66
Shearer, Judy F
Sela, Amir Shaffer, Alan Utility of Niche Models in Developing Site
Client/Server Model for Distributed Com- Research and Engineering Information Assessments Technologies Associated
puting: An Implementation – 328 Available to the War Fighter – 434 With Aquatic Nuisance Species Inva-
sions at Corps Facilities – 305
Sell, Steve W. Shaffstall, Robert M.
SPHERES as Formation Flight Algorithm Sublimation Rate of Dry Ice Packaged in Shearer, Michael
Development and Validation Testbed: Commonly Used Quantities by the Air A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlin-
Current Progress and Beyond – 55 Cargo Industry – 6 ear Parabolic PDE – 391
B-56
Shedd, Tommy R Shoemaker, Kent Simpson, Brian D
Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- 3-D Audio: Military Applications and Sym-
Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm gram. Impact of Recent and Anticipated bology – 410
Eisenia fetida – 74 Changes in Airborne Emission Exposure Improving Multitalker Speech Communi-
Limits on Shipyard Workers – 185 cation with Advanced Audio Dis-
Sheehan, P E
Design and Performance of GMR Sen- Shohami, Esther plays – 121
sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro- Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres- Military Speech Communications over
beads in Biosensors – 399 sion and Function of Vanilloid and En- Vocoders in Tandem – 331
docannabinoid Receptors – 216
Sheikhi, M R Spatial Audio Displays for Improving
Filtered Mass Density Function for Sub- Shoshani, A. Safety and Enhancing Situation Aware-
grid Scale Modeling of Turbulent Diffu- Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing ness in General Aviation Environ-
sion Flames – 146 Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several ments – 411
Sheinson, R S Simpson, Thomas B
Dynamics and Suppression Effective- Shrobe, Howard Fiber Laser Arrays – 158
ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing,
Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptiv- Sinden, Robert
ity and Trust Management – 384 Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched
Flames – 87
Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium
Shrum, Sandy
Sheldon, P. Merozoites – 223
CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project:
Dislocation Generation by Thermal Sing, Helen
What We Learned – 297
Visual Perception, Flight Performance,
ments – 183 Shulman, Seth
and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili-
Shell-Duncan, Bettina K Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee
Children from Burma – 86 Shwartz, Adam load Control Systems as Fatigue Man-
Analysis and Adaptive Control of a agement Tools – 267
Shelton, Christian R
Discrete-Time Single-Server Network Singh, Gurkipal
with Random Routing – 327 An Overview of the Formation and Atti-
Reinforcement Learning – 333
On the Poisson Equation for Countable tude Control System for the Terrestrial
Shen, Jianqiang Markov Chains: Existence of Solutions Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer-
KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn- and Parameter Dependence by Probabi- ometer – 53
ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data- listic Methods – 346
Poor Domains – 330 Singh, Nagendra
Sidiropoulos, Nikos High-Frequency Electrostatic Wave Gen-
Shepherd, Kevin P. Multiuser Transmit Beamforming for eration and Transverse Ion Acceleration
Analysis of Acoustic Modeling and Sound Maximum Sum Capacity in Tactical Wire- by Low Alfvenic Wave Components of
Propagation in Aircraft Noise Predic- less Multicast Networks – 402 BBELF Turbulence – 417
tion – 409
Siegal, Gene Singh, P. M.
Sherwood, Rob A Double Selection Approach to Achieve Stress-Assisted Corrosion in Boiler
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1 Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for Tubes. (Final Technical Report, March 1,
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 2002-February 28, 2006.) – 87
Shibata, Yoshimi Siegert, Gregory T Singh, Upendra N.
Oral Administration of N-Acetyl-D Glu- Effect of Environment on Creep Behavior Improving Reliability of High Power
cosamine Polymer Particles Down- of an Oxide/Oxide CFCC with 45 deg. Quasi-CW Laser Diode Arrays Operating
Regulates Airway Allergic Re- Fiber Orientation – 90 in Long Pulse Mode – 156
sponses – 232 Sinha, Akhouri A
Silliams-Hayes, Peggy S.
Shields, III, R V Development and Flight Testing of a Prediction of Aggressive Human Prostate
User’s Perspective of CAD/CAM Soft- Neural Network Based Flight Control Cancer by Cathepsin B – 245
ware (The National Shipbuilding Re- System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31 Sinha, Ravi
search Program) – 304 Sils, Ingrid V CRESST Human Performance Knowl-
Shields, Joel F. Heart Rate Variability as an Index of edge Mapping System – 302
An Overview of the Formation and Atti- Physiological Strain in Hyperthermic and Sinz, Elizabeth H
tude Control System for the Terrestrial Dehydrated Rats – 87
International Meeting on Medical Simula-
Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer- Silva, Randy tion (6th), ‘The World of Simulation’ Held
ometer – 53 A GPS Receiver Designed for Carrier- in San Diego, California on January 14-
Shih, A. T. Phase Time Transfer – 134 17, 2006 – 241
An Integrated Approach to Life Cycle Silveri, David Sireli, Yesim
Analysis – 387 Abatement of Marine Coatings Contain- Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen-
Shin, Hyunjung ing Heavy Metals – 65 etration of Cockpit Weather Information
Systems – 25
Fabrication and Characterization of Elec- Silverstein, E.
tric Field - Induced Resistive Sensor at Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Va- Sislak, David
the end of Scanning Probe Tip – 133 uum Decay – 397 Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial
Environment – 333
Shiu, G. Simons, M.
Observational Signatures and Non- Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to Skahill, Brian E
Gaussianities of General Single Field In- Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness Efficient Accommodation of Local Minima
flation – 397 during Sustained Operations – 273 in Watershed Model Calibration – 354
B-57
Skelley, James P Smith, Jamison A. Smith, Scott M.
Experiments in Expression Recogni- Role of Deep Convection in Establishing Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the
tion – 333 the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor Last 45 Years – 255
Skidmore, E. in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Changes in Space Food over the Last 45
Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at Smith, Jane M Years – 221
the Savannah River Site – 110 Incident Boundary Conditions for Wave The Making of a Self-Neglect Severity
Skinner, Kristin A Transformation – 377 Scale – 258
Evaluation of DNA Methylation as a Tar- Smith, Jeremy Smith, Scott
get for Intraductal Therapy for Ductal NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta- Nutrition Issues for Space Explora-
Carcinoma in Situ of the Breast – 212 tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) tion – 221
Slavin, D E Compared with Other Forecasts – 5
Smith, Sharon L
The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Smith, Jessica B.
Particle Study – 222 Dynamic Scheduling Strategies for an
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Adaptive, Asynchronous Parallel Global
Slayzak, Steven Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- Optimization Algorithm – 356
Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans-
Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu- port and Entrainment using Observations Smith Slep, Amy M
rity – 165 and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Innovative Surveillance and Risk Reduc-
tion Systems for Family Maltreatment,
Slear, James N Smith, Joseph G.
Suicidality, and Substance Problems in
AFIT UAV Swarm Mission Planning and Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- the USAF – 257
Simulation System – 18 ides and Copolyimides – 75
Smith, Stephanie
Sloughter, J M Smith, Joshua
The Interagency Security Committee and
Probabilistic Quantitative Precipitation Model Development and Inverse Com- Security Standards for Federal Build-
Forecasting Using Bayesian Model Aver- pensator Design for High Speed Nan- ings – 167
aging – 198 opositioning – 133
Smedley, J. Smith, W M
Smith, Kenneth
Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 Channel Characterization for EHF Satel-
CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: lite Communications on the Move – 123
Smillie, Robert J. What We Learned – 297
Integration and Application of Human Smolka, James W.
Smith, Kurt V
Systems Integration (HSI) in C4ISR: As- Development and Flight Testing of a
Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Het- Neural Network Based Flight Control
sessment of Network Centric Warfare erojunction Field Effect Transistors and
Capabilities – 268 System on the NF-15B Aircraft – 31
its Implications – 136
Smith, A. C. Sniffin, Robert W.
Smith, M J
General Purpose Fissile Package, A Re- WRSM Operations Concept – 200
placement for the 6M Specification Pack-
Multiple Winglets – 3 Sochet, L R
age – 76
Smith, Marcia S Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex-
Type B Package Radioactive Material perimental and Kinetic Modeling
Content Compliance – 76 Military Space Programs: Issues Con-
cerning DOD’s SBIRS and STSS Pro- Study – 83
Smith, A. grams – 41 Soderland, Stephen
Post Fire Transient Temperature Distri-
bution in Drum Type Packages – 77 Smith, R C A Probabilistic Model of Redundancy in
Reduced Order Modeling in Control of Information Extraction – 381
Smith, Carl H
Open Cavity Acoustics – 2 Soderman, Paul T.
Very Dense Magnetic Sensor Arrays for
Precision Measurement and Detec- Smith, Ralph C Aeroacoustic Study of a 26-Scale Semi-
tion – 150 A Magnetoelastic Model for Magnostric- span Model of a Boeing 777 Wing in the
tive Sensors – 156 NASA Ames 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tun-
Smith, D C
nel – 1
Nonelectronic Countermeasures for In- Model Development and Inverse Com-
frared Guided Missiles Part 3 - Use of pensator Design for High Speed Nan- Sodnik, Jaka
Heat Decoys as Countermea- opositioning – 133 Vision of the 4G Mobile Tele-
sures – 461 phony – 119
Model Development for Piezoceramic
Smith, D J Nanopositioners – 106 Sodnik, Zoran
Six-Hour No-Decompression Diving With High Precision Optical Metrology for
Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua-
40 Oxygen/60 Helium – 256 DARWIN – 50
tors – 106
Smith, D
Parameter Estimation Techniques for a Sohl, Garett
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Polarization Hysteresis Model – 398
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Formation Algorithms and Simulation
gram) – 373 Partial and Full Inverse Compensation Testbed – 444
for Hysteresis in Smart Material Sys- Sohn, Euijung
Smith, Dennis A. tems – 129
Motor Controller System For Large Dy- Computer Exxtimated Probability of De-
namic Range of Motor Operation – 165 Smart Structures: Model Development tection: Can You Hide from a Com-
and Control Applications – 400 puter? – 332
Smith, E M
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Smith, S. M. Solbeck, Jason A
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a Hybrid Feedforward-Feedback Active
Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss Noise Control for Hearing Protection and
Offer to Shipbuilding? – 109 Associated with Spaceflight – 255 Communication – 410
B-58
Son, Sang H Spiering, Bruce Stanley, Doug
DRDB: A Distributed Real-Time Data- Verification and Validation of NASA- NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con-
base Server for High-Assurance Time- Supported Enhancements to the Near cepts Directorate Technology
Critical Applications – 438 Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ- Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375
Managing Contention and Timing Con- ing System (HABSOS) – 173
Stanojev, B. J.
straints in a Real-Time Database Sys- Spiess, Bruce D Liquid Bismuth Feed System for Electric
tem – 426 Treatment of Decompression Sickness in Propulsion – 61
Songbai, Sheng Swine With Intravenous Perfluorocarbon
Starkenburg, C J
A Memoryless Augmented Gauss- Emulsion – 256
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Newton Method for Nonlinear Least- Spiker, Meredith ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Squares Problems – 360 Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma- gram) – 373
Sopori, B. chinery Airfoils – 142 Practical Shipbuilding Standards for Sur-
Dislocation Generation by Thermal Spinelli, Christopher J face Preparation and Coatings – 73
Stresses in Si: Modeling and Experi- Development and Testing of a High- Starkenburg, C
ments – 183 Speed Real-Time Kinematic Precise Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Sorokach, Michael R. DGPS Positioning System Between Two ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Decision Support Methods and Aircraft – 154 gram) – 373
Tools – 387 Spruce, Joseph P. Starr, D.
Sotiris, Kellas Verification and Validation of NASA- Attractor Explosions and Catalyzed Va-
Quasi-Static 3-Point Reinforced Carbon- Supported Enhancements to the Near uum Decay – 397
Carbon Bend Test and Analysis for Real Time Harmful Algal Blooms Observ-
ing System (HABSOS) – 173 Steihaug, Trond
Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading Edge Im-
A Convergence Theory for a Class of
pact Damage Thresholds – 78 Srinivasan, Jeffrey M. Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained
Souza e Silva, Adriana A de Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Optimization – 388
Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Formation Flying Missions – 48
Steinetz, Bruce M.
Performance: Predicting Shooting Per- Srinivasan, Mandayam A Acoustic Seal – 412
formance with Advanced Distributed Identification and Control of Haptic Sys-
Learning Assessments – 301 tems: A Computational Theory – 350 Steinfeld, G
Sowers, Richard B Srinivasan, Rajan Cell – 181
Discrete-Time Filtering for Linear Sys- Fast Estimation of False Alarm Probabili-
tems in Correlated Noise with Non- Stelmach, Michael
ties of STAP Detectors - the AMF – 364
Gaussian Initial Conditions: Asymptotic Spiral System Implementation Methodol-
Behavior of the Difference Between the Srivastava, Meera ogy: Application of the Knowledge Web
MMSE and LMSE Estimates – 367 Novel Role of Candidate Tumor Suppres- and Network-Centric Best Prac-
sor ANX7 Gene in Prostate Can- tices – 384
New Results in Discrete-Time Nonlinear
Filtering – 343 cer – 227 Stern, I L
On the Effects of the Initial Condition in Staid, Matt High Strength Steels Produced by Ad-
State Estimation for Discrete-Time Lin- Characterizing the Mineralogy of Poten- vanced Metallurgical Processes (The
ear Systems – 339 tial Lunar Landing Sites – 451 National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram) – 100
Spangler, Glenn E Staid, M. Visual Reference Standards for Weld
Physical Methods For Inactivating Exploring the Mineralogy of the Moon Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99
Spores: A Critical Assessment – 399 with M3 – 450
Stern, Michael
Spann, J. F. Staley, Mark Control of Growth Within Drosophila Pe-
Photoelectric Emission Measurements Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar- ripheral Nerves by Ras and Protein Ki-
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95 nase A – 204
Grains – 450
Standish, Jared J Sterner, Teresa R
Spatz, Maria The Influence of Ridge Geometry at the TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstra-
Human Brain Endothelium: Coexpres- Ultraslow-Spreading Southwest Indiean tion Field Sampling Report: Robins Air
sion and Function of Vanilloid and En- Ridge (9 deg - 25 deg E): Basalt Com- Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69
docannabinoid Receptors – 216 position Sensitivity to Variations in
Source and Process – 173 Stetz, Melba C.
Spector, Lee
Knowledge Representation in PARKA. Stanhope, A.
Readiness – 273
Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En- Rhizosphere Microbiology of Chlorinated
hancements – 337 Ethene-Contaminated Soils: Effects on Stevens, James
Knowledge Strata: Reactive Planning Phospholipid Fatty Acid Content – 96 OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Ver-
With a Multi-Level Architecture – 336 sion 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Work-
Staniford-Chen, Stuart G
sheets for Systems – 320
Spencer, Michael B. Distributed Tracing of Intruders – 345
Strategies to Improve Alertness during Stankovic, John A Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduc-
Extended Deployments – 263 Denial of Service in Sensor Net- tion to OCTAVE-S – 321
Spicer, Randy L works – 322
A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example
Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63 Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 Scenario – 318
B-59
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Stookey, David E Stubbs, John
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Prepara- A Notional Battlespace for Simulating Breast Cancer in African American
tion Guidance – 321 and Testing Dynamic Wireless Net- Women: Molecular Analysis of Differ-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation works – 374 ences in Incidence and Out-
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method comes – 201
Story, George
Guidelines – 321 Stupakov, G.
Flight Testing of Hybrid Powered Ve-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation hicles – 47 Elliptically Polarized Modes in RF Cavi-
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organiza- ties – 401
tional Worksheets – 320 Stottler, Dick
Sturdy, James L.
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Applying a Generic Intelligent Tutoring
Monte Carlo Analysis of Airport Through-
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical System (ITS) Authoring Tool to Specific
put and Traffic Delays Using Self Sepa-
Asset Worksheets for Information – 320 Military Domains – 436
ration Procedures – 4
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Stottler, Richard H Stutrud, Jeff
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Adding an Intelligent Tutoring System to Integration of a Pulsed Detonation En-
Asset Worksheets for Applica- an Existing Training Simulation – 332 gine With an Ejector Pump and With a
tions – 319 Turbo-Charger as Methods to Self-
Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation System (TAO ITS) – 308 Aspirate – 28
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical
Stough, H. Paul, III Stytz, Martin
Asset Worksheets for People – 319
New Technologies for Reducing Aviation Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual-
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Launch Concept – 36
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy Weather-Related Accidents – 24
and Plan Worksheets – 319 Subia, R.
Stough, Harry Paul, III
Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal
Stewart, Eric W Longitudinal Study of the Market Pen- with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1,
The Use of Computers in Advancing etration of Cockpit Weather Information 2003 to September 30, 2005 – 81
Group Technology (The National Ship- Systems – 25
building Research Program) – 306 Subramanian, K. H.
Stowers, A Characteristic Electrochemical Noise
Still, K R Reduced Immunogenicity of DNA Vac- During Electrochemical Determination of
Industrial Hygiene Exposure Assessment cine Plasmids in Mixtures – 203 Hydrogen Permeation – 64
of JP-8 Plus 100 at Kingsley Field – 111
Strassburger, E Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface
Stockinger, K. High-Speed Photographic Study of Wave Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Com-
Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing Propagation and Impact Damage in plex Radioactive High Level Radioactive
Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several Transparent Aluminum Oxynitride Waste – 97
Orders of Magnitude – 290 (AION) – 114 Sucec, Anthony A
HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing,
Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Stratton, Suzanne R
Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Measure- Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog-
Bitmap Indices – 440 nitive Performance During Sleep Depri-
ments of a Dismount With Rocket-
Stockingetr, K. Propelled Grenade (RPG) Launcher at vation – 257
HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex Ka-Band – 149 Suder, Kenneth L.
Strauss, Eric A Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas
Bitmap Indices – 440
Turbine – 29
Stockstill, Richard L
per Mississippi River Backwater Sulima, Oleg V.
Hydraulic Design of Channels Conveying Lake – 85 Phototransistor (PT) in the 2 Micron Re-
Supercritical Flow – 146
gion – 130
Stoddard, L. Strazisar, Anthony J.
Endwall Treatment and Method for Gas Sumner, Tamara R
Turbine – 29 Designers and Their Tools: Computer
Benefits of Concentrating Solar Power in
California. Report for May 2005 to April Support for Domain Construction – 311
Streiff, M A
2006 – 174 Sutton, Janet L.
Applications of Digital Transfer of Com-
Stoer, J puter Aided Design Data for Production Enabling Cultural Adaptability – 265
On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Usage (The National Shipbuilding Re- Sutton, Jr, Stanley
Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods search Program) – 304
Active Relations for Specifying and
Strom, D. Implementing Software Object Manage-
Stone, Barbara M. First Results with Prototype Detectors of ment – 326
Strategies to Improve Alertness during the Si/W ECAL – 406 Suwannakachorn, D.
Extended Deployments – 263
Stromgren, Chel System of Nanosecond 280-kevV-
Stone, William L He(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418
NASA Langley Research Center Sys-
Tocotrienols and Prostate Cancer – 207
tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Sval, Milan
Stoneking, Eric Participation in the Exploration Systems Impact of Threshold Degradation on
The Precision Formation Flying Inte- Architecture Study – 459 Availability of Digital Fixed Radio
grated Analysis Tool (PFFIAT) – 58 Links – 119
Stuart, M. L.
Stoness, Scott C Long Term Corrosion Potential and Cor- Swab, Jeffrey J
Incremental Parsing with Reference In- rosion Rate of Creviced Alloy 22 in Chlo- Indentation Size Effect (ISE) of Transpar-
teraction – 341 ride Plus Nitrate Brines – 80 ent AION and MgAl2O4 – 95
B-60
Swaminathan, Lavanya Talelman, Todd Tarakanov, Alexander O
Agent-Based Engineering Drawing Immigration: Analysis of the Major Provi- Development of Mathematical Models of
Analysis – 324 sions of the REAL ID Act of 2005 – 302 Immune Networks Intended for Informa-
Swank, Freeman J tion Security Assurance – 326
Tamanaha, C R
Development and Testing of a Novel Design and Performance of GMR Sen- Tari, Ana
Standard Particle for Performance Verifi- sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro- Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) as Novel Molecu-
cation of Biodefense/Bioterrorism Detec- beads in Biosensors – 399 lar Target in Breast Cancer – 229
tion Systems – 112
Tang, Lin Tarver, C. M.
Swanson, S J Creeping Flame Spread Along Fuel Cyl- Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the
The Road to Tolerance: Renal Transplant inders in Forced and Natural Flows and HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to
Tolerance Induction in Nonhuman Pri- Microgravity – 141 Characterize Violence with Varying Con-
mate Studies and Clinical Trials – 203 finement – 76
Tang, Liping
Sweet, Gary K Non-Invasive Monitoring for Optimization Tasic, Jurij F.
Automated Blasting & Recovery of Coat- of Therapeutic Drug Delivery by Biode- Human Perception and Objective Delay
ings Removed From Ship Hulls – 73 gradable Fiber to Prostate Tumor – 245 Evaluation of Multimedia Ser-
Swietnicki, Wieslaw vices – 429
Tang, Shao-Jun
Folding of Aggregated Proteins to Func- A Functional Genomic Analysis of NF1- Tate, J N
tionally Active Form – 233 Associated Learning Disabilities – 216 Houston-Galveston Navigation Chan-
Swift, Mary nels, Texas Project: Navigation Channel
Tang, Xiao-Han Sedimentation Study, Phase 1 – 353
Skeletons in the Parser: Using a Shallow Activation of Retinold X Receptors by
Parser to Improve Deep Parsing – 336 Phytanic acid and Docohexaenoic Acid: Taylor, A
Sylvester, Roxanne M Role in the Prevention and Therapy of Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of
Prostate Cancer – 205 Dichloroacetic Acid and Trichloroacetic
Determinants of Rifle Marksmanship Acid Administered in Drinking Water in
Performance: Predicting Shooting Per- Tanju, Barry Rats and Mice – 203
formance with Advanced Distributed Benefits of Software GPS Receivers for
Learning Assessments – 301 Taylor, Bryant D.
Enhanced Signal Processing – 301
Symes, William W Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sens-
Tankosic, D. ing – 127
Velocity Inversion by Coherency Optimi-
Photoelectric Emission Measurements Magnetic Field Response Measurement
zation – 192
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Acquisition System – 140
Synolakis, Costas E Grains – 450
Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Research in Magnetic Field Response Sensor For
Tanner, M J Conductive Media – 139
the USA – 432
Evaluation of High-Strength Steels Pro-
Sytkowski, Arthur duced by Advanced Metallurical Pro- Taylor, Catherine A
Selenium and Breast Cancer cesses (The National Shipbuilding Re- Characterization of Passivated Indium
Growth – 235 search Program) – 98 Antimonide – 91
Szep, A A Tanner, Mark Taylor, E W
Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho- Tracking System for Automatic Welding. Radiation Resistant Polymer-Based Pho-
tonics for Space Applications – 34 Phase 2. Improvement of Contact-Tip tonics for Space Applications – 34
Szwaczkowski, Joseph Life for Through-the-Arc Welding Sys- Taylor, J
tem – 163 Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild-
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Tapia, R A ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
gram) – 373
Tachibana, Takuji A Trust Region Strategy for Equality Con-
Advanced Lightpath Establishment for strained Optimization – 359 Taylor, Michael W
Distributed Computing – 317 On the Characterization of Q-Superlinear Orbital Debris: Technical and Legal Is-
Convergence of Quasi-Newton Methods sues and Solutions – 33
Tadda, George
for Constrained Optimization – 351 Teague, Calvin C
sion Science Working Group On the Convergence of the Tapia Indica- Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti-
(DSWG) – 433 tors in the Absence of Strict Complemen- mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196
Tadepalli, Prasad tarity – 350 Teeter, G.
KI-LEARN: Knowledge-Intensive Learn- Tapia, Richard A Skin Deep: Highlights of NREL Surface
ing Methods for Knowledge-Rich/Data- A Convergence Theory for a Class of Analysis PV Research – 179
Poor Domains – 330 Quasi-Newton Methods for Constrained Teets, Edward H., Jr.
Tajiima, H. Optimization – 388 Turbulence and mountain wave condi-
Design and Performance of the Soft On the Convergence of the Mizuno- tions observed with an airborne 2-micron
Gamma-Ray Detector for the NeXT Mis- Todd-Ye Algorithm to the Analytic Center lidar – 24
sion – 450 of the Solution Set – 349 ten Thoren, Corinna
Takala, Tapio On the Formulation and Theory of the Support of Mission and Work Scheduling
An Integrated Approach to Motion and Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlin- by a Biomedical Fatigue Model – 276
Sound – 301 ear Programming – 300
Teolis, A
Takeichi, Noboru Tarabusi, Enrico C Cascaded Neural-Analog Networks for
Realization of the Solar Power Satellite Range of the k-Dimensional Radon Real Time Decomposition of Superposed
using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec- Transform in Real Hyperbolic Radar Signals in the Presence of
tor – 51 Spaces – 393 Noise – 152
B-61
Teolis, Anthony Visual Perception, Flight Performance, Tien, Jeffrey Y.
Discrete Representation of Signals from and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for
Infinite Dimensional Hilbert Spaces with tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous Formation Flying Missions – 48
Application to Noise Suppression and Wake: Implications for Automated Work-
load Control Systems as Fatigue Man- Tillman, Dorothy H
Compression – 342
agement Tools – 267 Conceptual Processes for Linking
Teplin, C. W. Eutrophication and Network Mod-
Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Thomas, Phillip D els – 354
Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi- Automatic Submerged ARC Welding
With Metal Power Additions to Increase Tilton, James C
als – 179
Productivity and Maintain Quality – 164 Automated Selection of Results in Hier-
Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si archical Segmentations of Remotely
Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem- Consumable Guide Electroslag Welding Sensed Hyperspectral Images – 170
plate Layers – 177 of 4 to 24 Inch Thick Carbon Steel Cast-
ings (The National Shipbuilding Re- Tilton, M L
Tepool, J. Eric search Program) – 164 High Brightness from an Unstable Reso-
RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- nator Mid-IR Semiconductor (Post-
Thomas, Robert
hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space print) – 157
An Investigation of Bremsstrahlung Re-
Exploration – 37 Performance Comparison of Optically
flection in a Dense Plasma Focus (DPF)
Terwilliger, K. M. Propulsion Device – 414 Pumped Type-II Mid-Infrared La-
sers – 158
Silicon Oxynitride Thin Film Barriers for Thompson, Craig M.
PV Packaging – 184 Space Environmentally Durable Polyim- Tinker, Michael L.
ides and Copolyimides – 75 Habitat Design Optimization and Analy-
Teston, F.
sis – 452
Feasibility of the PROBA 3 Formation Thompson, Edward F
Flying Demonstration – 58 Wave Climate and Wave Response, Tipton, Michael
Kawaihae Deep Draft Harbor, Island of The Effect of Gentle Exercise Prior to a
Tetreault, Joel Cold Sensitivity Test used to Classify
Hawaii, Hawaii – 385
Incremental Parsing with Reference In- Non-Freezing Cold Injury – 258
teraction – 341 Thompson, James D
Verification of a Decision Level Fusion Tirpak, R E
Semantics, Dialogue, and Reference Thermal Conductivity of Composites Un-
Resolution – 381 Algorithm Using a Proven ATR System
and Measured SAR Data – 352 der Different Heating Scenarios – 420
Thakur, S. Tisserand, V.
Thompson, Tim L.
Reduction in Solvent-Based Coatings at Measurement of the CKM-Angle gamma
The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program
the Savannah River Site – 110 BABAR – 421
Small Launch Vehicles – 36
Tharion, William J Thompson, William T. Tits, Andre L
Nutrition Knowledge and Supplement The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve- On Stabilization with a Prescribed Re-
Use among Elite U.S. Army Sol- hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based gion of Asymptotic Stability – 392
diers – 438 Human Systems Integration Lessons Tits, Andre
Theije, Pascal de Learned – 278
Benchmark Evaluation of Multistatic Thonabauer, Claudia bility of Parametrized Families of Matri-
Trackers – 413 eReadiness of Business Pro- ces and Polynomials – 392
Thomas, Donald A. cesses – 287 To, B.
NASA Utilization of the International Thongnoapparat, N. High Performance CIGS Thin Film Solar
Space Station and the Vision for Space System of Nanosecond 280-kevV- Cells: A Laboratory Perspective – 175
Exploration – 258 He(sup +) Pulsed Beam – 418 Toelle, Jens
Thomas, Eric Thorell, L M Components for Cooperative Intrusion
First Formation Flying Demonstration The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Detection in Dynamic Coalition Environ-
Mission Including on Flight Bracewell gram. Development of Non-Polluting, ments – 317
Nulling – 54 Solvent-Free, Liquid Resin Coating Sys- Tomazic, Saso
Thomas, G R tems For Ships – 72
Quality of Life: A Challenge for Engi-
Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database Thorne, David neers? – 284
Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site: Visual Perception, Flight Performance, Vision of the 4G Mobile Tele-
Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break- and Reaction Time Impairments in Mili- phony – 119
water Systems – 194 tary Pilots during 26 Hours of Continuous
Wake: Implications for Automated Work- Tomes, Kristin M.
Thomas, James D
load Control Systems as Fatigue Man- The Exploration Water Recovery Sys-
Far Forward Battlefield Telemedicine: Ul- agement Tools – 267 tem – 442
trasonic Guidance in Diagnosis and
Emergency Therapeutics – 247 Thumm, Tracy L. Tomsick, John A.
NASA Utilization of the International X-ray Observations of the Black Hole
Thomas, Jeffrey P Space Station and the Vision for Space Transient 4U 1630-47 During 2 Years of
Non-Synchronous Vibration of Turboma- Exploration – 258 X-ray Activity – 449
chinery Airfoils – 142
Tielens, A. G. G. M. Tomzig, Michael
Thomas, Maria Photoelectric Emission Measurements Web Fabrication Line - Results of a Fea-
Cognitive Performance in Operational on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust sibility Study (The National Shipbuilding
Environments – 266 Grains – 450 Research Program) – 329
B-62
Tondra, M Travis, William D Tsang, W
Design and Performance of GMR Sen- Navy Lung Disease Assessment Pro- Flame Inhibition by Ferrocene and
sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro- gram – 240 Blends of Inert and Catalytic
beads in Biosensors – 399 Agents – 91
Trechter, Joseph M
Toon, Owen B. Information Technology Governance and Tsang, Wing
Role of Deep Convection in Establishing the Air Force – 325 Mechanism and Rate Constants for 1,3-
the Isotopic Composition of Water Vapor Butadiene Decomposition – 90
in the Tropical Transition Layer – 195 Treu, T.
Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and Tsonev, Latchezar I
Topolska, Agnieszka E Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma A Microplate Assay for the Determination
Associations Between Responses to the Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449 of Hemoglobin Concentration – 220
Rhoptry-Associated Membrane Antigen
of Plasmodium falciparum and Immunity Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M. Tsoucas, Pantelis
to Malaria Infection – 202 Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from Interchange Arguments in Stochastic
the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For- Scheduling – 380
Toraskar, J.
mation from H3 Chondrite Material by
Dynamical Expansion of H II-Regions Possible Cometary Impact – 454 Tsuchiya, T
from Ultracompact to Compact Sizes in On the Formulation and Theory of the
Turbulent, Self-Gravitating Molecular Trigo-Rodriquez, Josep M. Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlin-
Clouds – 448 Non-nebular Origin of Dark Mantles ear Programming – 300
Totok, Alexander Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM
Chondrites – 189 Tsui, David T
Efficiently Distributing Component- Feasibility Study for the Reduction of
Based Applications Across Wide-Area Trimber, Kenneth A Perchlorate, Iodide, and Other Aqueous
Environments – 295 Adaption of Japanese Prefabrication Anions – 82
Touitou, Yvan Priming Procedure to U.S. Shipbuilding Perchlorate Analysis by AS-16 Separa-
Methodology Task 3-79-1 – 70
Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian tion Column – 83
Time Structure during Long Duration Trindade, Christopher J
Flights in Man – 276 Tsui, James B
Subunit Recombinant Vaccine Protects Sensitivity Improvement of A Low Cost
Toxopeus, C Against Monkeypox – 228 Commercial GPS Receiver Through
The Isolated Perfused Rat Liver and its Tripp, Robert S Software Approach (Preprint) – 306
use in the Study of Chemical Kinetics: Supporting Air and Space Expeditionary
Quality and Performance Param- Tsynkov, S V
Forces: Expanded Operational Architec- Artificial Boundary Conditions for the Nu-
eters – 82 ture for Combat Support Execution Plan- merical Simulation of Unsteady Electro-
Tozicka, Jan ning and Control – 121 magnetic Waves – 403
Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Triscari, Jr , Thomas
Environment – 333 Tubb, Christopher
Tracy, Barbara A sion Science Working Group
Test Techniques for Measuring the At-
Comparison of Gulf of Mexico Wave In- (DSWG) – 433
tenuation Provided by Double ANR Hear-
formation Studies (WIS) 2-G Hindcast ing Protectors – 410
Trost, Andrej
with 3-G Hindcasting – 113
Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. Investigating Double Hearing Protection
Tran, Daniel Q. 1 – 130 using Human Subjects – 411
Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1
with Onboard Autonomy – 60 Troutman, Patrick A. Tucker, Colin
NASA Langley Research Center Sys- Initiation of Detonation in a Large
Tran, H T tems Analysis & Concepts Directorate Tube – 27
Nonlinear Feedback Controllers and Participation in the Exploration Systems
Compensators: A State-Dependent Ric- Architecture Study – 459 Tucker, Dennis
cati Equation Approach – 355 Optical and Mechanical Properties of
Trudell, D. Glass Blown In Vacuo – 159
Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Based Control of Transverse Beam Vi- Capabilities of the High Voltage Stress
Test System at the Outdoor Test Facil- Tucker, K C
brations: Experimental Implementa-
ity – 184 Liquid Hydrocarbon Detonation Branch-
tion – 403
ing in a Pulse Detonation Engine – 29
Tran, H Truini, Margot
Ground-Water, Surface-Water, and Tucker, S.
Modeling and Computation of Propagat-
ing Waves from Coronary Water-Chemistry Data, Black Mesa Area, Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant
Stenoses – 409 Northeastern Arizona--2004-05 – 169 on Thermodynamic Vent System Perfor-
mance with Liquid Hydrogen – 141
Tran, Hien T Trumper, D. L.
Modeling and Control of Physical Pro- System Dynamics and Control System Turk, Joseph
cesses Using Proper Orthogonal Decom- for a High Bandwidth Rotary Actuator WindSat Applications for Weather Fore-
position – 378 and Fast Tool Servo – 125 casters and Data Assimilation – 194
Trani, Antonio Tsakiris, Dimitrios P Turley, Steven D
NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta- Motion Control and Planning for Non- Bioaccumulation of Total Mercury and
tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) holonomic Kinematic Chains – 342 Monomethylmercury in the Earthworm
Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 Eisenia fetida – 74
Tsan, Min-Fu
Travassos, Job Effect of Depleting Tumor-Associated Turner, Claire
Marine Coatings Performance for Differ- Macrophages on Breast Cancer Growth Strategies to Improve Alertness during
ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 and Response to Chemotherapy – 243 Extended Deployments – 263
B-63
Turner, Dick Valentine, Jennifer R Objective Measurement of the Speech
Analysis of the Optical Design for the Application of the Strategic Alignment Transmission Quality of Vocoders by
SAFIR Telescope – 416 Model and Information Technology Gov- Means of the Speech Transmission In-
ernance Concepts to Support Network dex – 331
Turner, Kathryn
Centric Warfare – 323
A Variable-Metric Variant of the Kar- van Wijngaarden, Sander
markar Algorithm for Linear Program- Valk, P. Extension of ITU-T Recommendation
ming – 348 Efficacy of Modafinil and Caffeine to P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech
Generalized Conjugate Direc- Counteract Hypnotic Induced Sleepiness Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433
tions – 374 during Sustained Operations – 273
Vanden, Kirk
Tvaryanas, Anthony P. Vallejo, P Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science
The U.S. Military Unmanned Aerial Ve- Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra-
hicle (UAV) Experience: Evidence-Based Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21 tors – 1
Human Systems Integration Lessons Vallejo-Desviat, P. vandenBerg, Coen
Learned – 278 Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold Stress and Psychological Sup-
Twum, Maxwell Environments – 270 port – 277
Changing the Attitudes and Behaviors of Valpiani, James M Vandersall, K. S.
Black Men to Screening for Prostate
Nonlinear Symplectic Attitude Estimation Termal Cook-Off Experiments of the
Cancer – 233
for Small Satellites – 3 HMX Based High Explosive LX-04 to
Tyack, Peter L Characterize Violence with Varying Con-
Statistical Analyses of Marine Mammal van Balken, Johan S
finement – 76
Occurrence, Habitat Associations and In- Design and Evaluation of Warning
teractions with Ocean Dynamic Fea- Sounds in Frigate Control Cen- Vandetverldt, Hans H
tures – 411 tres – 410 Combining Welding Expert Systems With
Van Beers, Pascal Welding Databases to Improve Ship-
Uchiyama, Y. building Production (The National Ship-
Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet Effects of Mild Hypoxia on Circadian
with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 Time Structure during Long Duration
Flights in Man – 276 VanGaasbeck, Jim
Udrea, Bogdan
van Buuren, Ronald Mission Operations of Earth Observing-1
Accurate Formation Flying Design and with Onboard Autonomy – 60
Validation for the Darwin Precursor Dem- Extension of ITU-T Recommendation
onstration Mission – 49 P.862 PESQ towards Measuring Speech VanGilder, Douglas B
Intelligibility with Vocoders – 433 Comparison of Numerical and Experi-
Ueno, Hiroshi
Realization of the Solar Power Satellite van de Lagemaat, J. mental Near-Field Plasma Properties of
using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec- Effect of a Coadsorbent on the Perfor- the BHT-200-X3 Hall Thruster (Pre-
tor – 51 mance of Dye-Sensitized TiO2 Solar print) – 311
Uribe, Tomas Cells: Shielding versus Band-Edge VanGilder, Douglas
Matter: Modular Adaptive Technology Movement – 177 Multi-Domain Plasma Expansion Simula-
Targeting Efficient Reasoning – 137 Van Duyne, J. tions Using a Particle-in-Cell
Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet Method – 417
Urick, R J
Sound Transmission to Long Ranges in with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 VanZante, Dale E.
the Ocean – 408 Van Dyke, Melissa An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa-
Urry, C. M. Fission Surface Power for the Explora- coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca-
Shedding New Light on the 3C 273 Jet tion and Colonization of Mars – 174 pabilities for Installed Cooling
with the Spitzer Space Telescope – 449 Fans – 407
van Gils, Bastiaan J
Ushikubo, Takashi Objective Measurement of the Speech Varner, G. S.
OCDM Transmission Experiments on Transmission Quality of Vocoders by Detection of Ultra High Energy Neutrinos
JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291 Means of the Speech Transmission In- via Coherent Radio Emission – 420
Vail, Neal dex – 331
Vassberg, John C.
Targeted Therapies for Myeloma and van Hest, M. F. Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16
Metastatic Bone Cancers – 242 Combinatorial Exploration of Novel
Vaucher, Gail
Valavani, Lena Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi-
als – 179 White Sands Missile Range Urban
Robust Stochastic Adaptive Con- Study: Flow and Stability Around a Single
trol – 349 Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si Building Part 1: Background and Over-
Valdes, James J Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem- view – 143
A 1000-L Scale-Up Fermentation of Es- plate Layers – 177
Velasco, C
cherichia Coli Containing PVSEOP7 for Van Tassel, Gary W
Production of Organophosphorus Hydro- Evaluation of Noise Effects in Auditory
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Function in Spanish Military Pilots – 21
lase – 68 gram. 1993 Ship Production Symposium.
Valent, Philip J Paper No. 21: The Lay-Up and Reactiva- Velasco-Diaz, C.
Dynamics of Bottom Mine Burial in Soft tion of LNG Tankers: Lessons Aircrew Physiological Response to Cold
Sediments: Experimental Evidence and Learned – 111 Environments – 270
Predictions – 365
van Wijngaarden, Sander J Vendura, Jr , George J
Valent, Philip Design and Evaluation of Warning A Novel, Light Weight Solar Array: Com-
A Probabilistic Approach for Mine Burial Sounds in Frigate Control Cen- parison with Conventional Sys-
Prediction – 365 tres – 410 tems – 35
B-64
Venechuk, Elizabeth M. Vogel, Curtis R Wada, Naoya
Layered Deposits of Arabia Terra and Well-Posedness and Convergence of OCDM Transmission Experiments on
Meridiani Planum: Keys to the Habitabil- Some Regularization Methods for Non- JGNB Test bed Optical Link – 291
ity of Ancient Mars – 458 linear Ill-Posed Problems – 393 Research and Development of 160
Venkataraman, Malathy Devi Vogel, Kurt A Gbit/s/port Optical Packet Switch Proto-
High Resolution Spectroscopy to Sup- Dynamics and Control of Tethered Satel- type and Related Technologies – 116
port Atmospheric Measurements – 185 lite Formations for the Purpose of Space- Wadley, H N
Verall, Neil G. Based Remote Sensing – 41 Directed Vapor Deposition: Low Vacuum
Exploration of the Area of Multinational Volf, Premysl Materials Processing Technology – 91
Operations and Inter-Cultural Factors: An Advanced Agent Methods in Adversarial Wagner, Sandra
Update of HFM-120/RTG Activi- Environment – 333
ties – 262 The Apollo Expericence Lessons
von Zwol, R. Learned for Constellation Lunar Dust
Verchovsky, Alexander B. Management – 458
Flexible and Scalable Digital Library
Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules Search – 281
in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor- Wagstaff, Kiri L.
ite Fall – 457 Voon, B K Learning User Preferences for Sets of
Structural Optimization in a Distributed Objects – 291
Verhave, Jan A
Computing Environment – 382 Waite, R F
A Microphone-Array-Based System for
Restoring Sound Localization with Oc- Voronkov, Andrei High Strength Steels Produced by Ad-
cluded Ears – 137 Efficient Reasoning with Large Knowl- vanced Metallurgical Processes (The
edge Bases – 441 National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Verlaan, Ad
gram) – 100
High Precision Optical Metrology for Vos, Joos
DARWIN – 50 Visual Reference Standards for Weld
Auditory Tests for the Early Detection of
Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99
Vermulen, Erik K Noise-Susceptible Individuals - A Litera-
TPH Criteria Working Group Demonstra- ture Study – 410 Walker, Ellen
tion Field Sampling Report: Robins Air Summary Report of Finding of the Deci-
Voss, David M
Force Base Warner-Robins GA – 69 sion Science Working Group
The Effectiveness of Caffeine to Maintain (DSWG) – 433
Versnel, H Physical and Cognitive Function during
Organization of Response Areas in Fer- Continuous Operations – 274 Walker, James L.
ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 Nondestructive Evaluation of Foam Insu-
Vranic-Sowers, S
Vesecky, John F lation for the External Tank Return to
Representation of Spectral Profiles in the Flight – 446
Using Multifrequency HF Radar to Esti- Auditory System. Part 1. Detection of
mate Ocean Wind Fields – 196 Spectral Peak Shapes and Ripple Walker, Jonathan
Vesely, Ivan Phases – 412 Molecular Targeting of the P13K/Akt
Advanced Soft Tissue for Telemedicine Pathway to Prevent the Development
Vrecko, Darko Hormone Resistant Prostate Can-
and Surgical Simulation – 230 Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste- cer – 210
Vickers, Jr, Ross R water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive
Measurement Error in Maximal Oxygen Principal Component Analysis – 376 Walker, N.
Uptake Tests – 236 Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for
Vrevskiy, A. Luminosity Performance Studies – 422
Viggiano, A A Fossil Microorganisms in Ar-
Kinetics of the Reactions of ONOO(-) chaean – 168 Walker, Steven H.
with Small Molecules – 92 The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program
Vrhovec, Miro Small Launch Vehicles – 36
Viken, Jeff Foot Temperatures and Toe Blood Flow
NAS Demand Predictions, Transporta- during a 12 km Winter Hike and Guard Walker, Thad
tion Systems Analysis Model (TSAM) Duty – 257 Quantum Logic With Cold Neutral At-
Compared with Other Forecasts – 5 oms – 413
Vries, Linda F de
Vince, Julian Wall, Jennifer D
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Maritime Performance: Predicting Shooting Per- An Experimental Study of a Pulsed DC
Patrol: Human Factors Issues – 21 formance with Advanced Distributed Plasma Flow Control Actuator – 133
Vinegar, Allen Learning Assessments – 301 Wall, John
Development of a Physiologically Based Centaur Test Bed (CTB) for Cryogenic
Vu, Phuong A
Pharmacokinetic Model for the Anesthet- Fluid Management – 143
ics Halothane, Isoflurane, and Desflu- A Memoryless Augmented Gauss-
rane in the Pig (SUS SCROFA) – 217 Newton Method for Nonlinear Least- Walrand, Jean
Squares Problems – 360
Vinkavich, Michael Interchange Arguments in Stochastic
Tactical Action Officer Intelligent Tutoring A New Nonlinear Equations Test Prob- Scheduling – 380
System (TAO ITS) – 308 lem – 351
Walter, John
Vinzant, Todd Vu, Phuong, A Initial Technology Assessment for the En-
Liquid Desiccant Regenerable Filters For Toward Direct Sparse Updates of vironmental Sentinel Biomonitor (ESB)
Indoor Environmental Quality and Secu- Cholesky Factors – 350 System – 152
rity – 165
VuQuang, Minh Walters, R J
Vira, Arvind Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Thin-Film Photovoltaic Proton and Elec-
Marine Coatings Performance for Differ- Switching/Optical Access Net- tron Radiation Testing for a MEO Or-
ent Ship Areas. Volume 1 – 73 work – 281 bit – 35
B-65
Walters, William P Wang, Tongmin Waters, Jeff
Investigation of a Bulk Metallic Glass as Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Spiral System Implementation Methodol-
a Shaped Charge Liner Material – 105 Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium ogy: Application of the Knowledge Web
Merozoites – 223 and Network-Centric Best Prac-
Walther, Dirk
tices – 384
Attentional Selection for Object Recogni- Wanlass, M.
tion - A Gentle Way – 340 Watkins, R. W.
New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple- Type B Package Radioactive Material
Wamsley, Ty Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High-
Content Compliance – 76
Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir- Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys-
culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0, tems – 176 Watson, Henry E
Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor- The Application of Intelligent Robotic
phology Change – 124 Wantanee, Kongsomboon Systems and Lasers for Manufactur-
Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Refugee ing – 157
Wang, Chunming
Children from Burma – 86
A New Approach for Radiometric Cross Watson, James F., III
Calibration of Satellite-borne Radiom- Ward, Mary C New Technologies for Reducing Aviation
eters – 112 Weather-Related Accidents – 24
Techniques for Developing an Acquisition
Wang, Hao Strategy by Profiling Software Watson, Kent A.
Reducing the Dependence of SPKI/SDSI Risks – 307 Space Environmentally Durable Polyim-
on PKI – 327 ides and Copolyimides – 75
Warren, J.
Wang, Hua O Superconducting Photocathodes – 396 Watt, Tavis
Bifurcation Control of Chaotic Dynamical The Effect of Spectral Variation on Sound
Systems – 385 Washburn, Bob Localisation – 409
Feedback Control of Bifurcation and DARPA Integrated Sensing and Process- Watts, S. M.
Chaos in Dynamical Systems – 359 ing (ISP) Program. Approximation Meth- Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a
ods for Markov Decision Problems in Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss
Wang, Joseph Sensor Management – 363
A Study of Particle Collisions in Electric Associated with Spaceflight – 255
Propulsion Plasma Plumes – 63 Wasson, John T. Weaver, B D
Wang, L -S Carbon-rich Chondritic Clast PV1 from A Theory of Radiation Effects in Cellular
Almost Poisson Integration of Rigid Body the Plainview H-chondrite Regolith For- Devices – 134
Systems – 364 mation from H3 Chondrite Material by Weber, Larry J
Wang, Li-Shang Numerical Simulations of the Fish Pas-
Relative Equilibria for Two Rigid Bodies Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift sage Facilities at Lower Granite
Connected by a Ball-in-Socket in the O Isotopic Composition of the Dam – 386
Joint – 405 Solar Nebula – 455
Weber, Norbert
Wang, Li-Sheng Formation of Metal and Silicate Globules eReadiness of Business Pro-
in Gujba: A New Bencubbin-like Meteor- cesses – 287
Control System Design for a Flexible ite Fall – 457
Arm – 298 Webster, Richard T
Gyroscopic Control and Stabiliza- A 55 GHz Bandpass Filter Realized with
Around Chondrules and Inclusions in CM
tion – 445 Integrated TEM Transmission
Chondrites – 189
Lines – 128
Steady Rigid-Body Motions in a Central
Gravitational Field – 34 Non-spherical Lobate Chondrules in Bias Induced Strain in AlGaN/GaN Het-
CO3.0 Y-81020: General Implications for erojunction Field Effect Transistors and
Wang, Menghua the Formation of Low-FeO Porphyritic its Implications – 136
In-Orbit Vicarious Calibration for Ocean Chondrules in CO Chondrites – 452
Color and Aerosol Products – 200 Weeks, David J.
Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Low-
FeO relicts in High-FeO Host Chondrules The DARPA/USAF Falcon Program
Wang, Minghui Small Launch Vehicles – 36
in Acfer 094, a Type 3.0 Carbonaceous
Chondrite Closely Related to CM – 454 Weeks, Thomas
Specific Expression of Toxin Genes for
Ovarian Cancer Gene Therapy – 253 Oxygen-isotopic Compositions of Relict Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual-
and Host Grains in Chondrules in the Launch Concept – 36
Wang, Q.
Yamato 81020 CO3.0 Chondrite – 454
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- Weese, R. K.
tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as Siderophile-element Anomalies in CK Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of
the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 Carbonaceous Chondrites: Implications FOX-7 – 96
SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur- Study of the Properties of CP: Coefficient
Terrestrial Weathering of Sulfides – 189
ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor- of Thermal Expansion, Decomposition
phous Silicon – 173 Silica and Pyroxene in IVA Irons; Pos- Kinetics and Reaction to Spar, Friction
sible Formation of the IVA Magma by and Impact – 75
Wang, R. Impact Melting and Reduction of L-LL-
Solid-Solid Phase Transition Kinetics of Chondrite Materials Followed by Crystal- Wei, Q F
FOX-7 – 96 lization and Cooling – 453 Modeling of Impact on a Flexible
Beam – 360
Wang, T. H. Ubiquitous Low-FeO Relict Grains in
17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc- Type II Chondrules and Limited Over- Wei, S. H.
tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as growths on Phenocrysts Following the Bistability of Cation Interstitials in II-VI
the Emitter and Back Contact – 183 Final Melting Event – 191 Semiconductors – 178
B-66
Wei, W. Wette, Matthew R. Whitmore, Jeffrey
Catalytic Unmixed Combustion of Coal An Overview of the Formation and Atti- A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled In-
with Zero Pollution. Report for Ocotber 1, tude Control System for the Terrestrial vestigation of the Efficacy of Modafinil for
2003 to September 30, 2005 – 81 Planet Finder Formation Flying Interfer- Maintaining Alertness and Performance
ometer – 53 in Sustained Military Ground Opera-
Weidman, W tions – 240
Manufacturing Technology for Shipbuild- Wette, Matthew
ing (National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Formation Algorithms and Simulation Whitney, P. D.
gram) – 373 Testbed – 444 Towards a Unified Approach to Informa-
Wey, Thomas tion Integration A Review Paper on
Weigand, Kirk A Data/Information Fusion – 280
Modeling of Aerosols in Post-Combustor
Summary Report of Finding of the Deci- Flow Path and Sampling System – 26
sion Science Working Group Whitson, P. A.
(DSWG) – 433 Wheatcroft, M F Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a
Visual Reference Standards for Weld Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss
Weingartner, J. C. Surface Conditions (Phase 2) – 99 Associated with Spaceflight – 255
Photoelectric Emission Measurements
Wheatcroft, M Wick, Charles H
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust
Grains – 450 High Strength Steels Produced by Ad- Detecting Bacteria by Direct Counting of
vanced Metallurgical Processes (The Structural Protein Units by the Integrated
Weinrich, Peter K National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Virus Detection System (IVDS) and Mass
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- gram) – 100 Spectrometry – 235
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Whelan, Michael Wickens, Christopher D
Paper No. 5A-2: Computerized Angle CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac- Control of Multiple-UAVs: A Workload
Measurement for Inclining Experi- tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 Analysis – 6
ments – 307
White, Charles E Supporting Situation Assessment
Weinstock, Elliot M. Novel Antigen Identification Method for through Attention Guidance: A Cost-
CO Signatures in Subtropical Convective Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens Benefit and Depth of Processing Analy-
Clouds and Anvils during CRYSTAL- by Rapid Testing of DNA Vaccines En- sis – 259
FACE: An Analysis of Convective Trans- coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
port and Entrainment using Observations nome – 224 Wiedemann, H.
and a Cloud-Resolving Model – 199 Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far
White, Charles F Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol-
Wemyss, Gian Analytical Determination of Airborne Ra- Water Mixtures – 82
CMMI Interpretive Guidance Project: dar Response to Extraneous In-
What We Learned – 297 puts – 155 Wiersma, B. J.
Vapor Space and Liquid/Air Interface
Wendt, T M White, Cynthia V Corrosion of Low Carbon Steel in Com-
Fluidized Bed Biodenitrification Pro- Harnessing Simulation of Naval Ship- plex Radioactive High Level Radioactive
cess – 86 yards – 304 Waste – 97
White, Dawn
Wenger, Lynn L Wieselthier, Jeffrey E
The Human Volunteer in Military Bio- Welding Databases to Improve Ship- Discrimination Against Partially Overlap-
medical Research (Military Medical Eth- building Production (The National Ship- ping Interference -Its Effect on Through-
ics. Volume 2, Chapter 19) – 241 building Research Program) – 164 put in Frequency-Hopped Multiple Ac-
cess Channels – 341
Wernet, Mark P. White, G.
An Assessment of NASA Glenn’s Aeroa- Multi-Bunch Simulations of the ILC for Wilbur, David C
coustic Experimental and Predictive Ca- Luminosity Performance Studies – 422 Internet-Based Cervical Cytology
pabilities for Installed Cooling Screening Program – 232
White, Timothy L
Fans – 407
Effects of Tactile, Visual, and Auditory Wilcox, C A
West, E. A. Cues About Threat Location on Target Chesapeake Bay Breakwater Database
Photoelectric Emission Measurements Acquisition and Attention to Visual and Project, Section 227 Demonstration Site:
on the Analogs of Individual Cosmic Dust Auditory Communications – 117 Hurricane Isabel Impacts to Four Break-
Grains – 450 Joint Service General Purpose Mask water Systems – 194
West, Edward A. (JSGPM) Human Systems Integration Wile, David

(HSI) Evaluation: Comfort and Vision AWDRAT: Architectural Differencing,
Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry- Correction Insert Stability Evalua-
Perot Interferometers – 459 Wrappers, Diagnosis, Recovery, Adaptiv-
tion – 261 ity and Trust Management – 384
West, Harry Whitman, L J
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- Wiley, Patrick
Design and Performance of GMR Sen-
gram. 1989 Ship Production Symposium, sors for the Detection of Magnetic Micro- The Effect of Various Display Modalities
Paper No. AP: Design Through Manufac- beads in Biosensors – 399 on Soldier Shooting and Secondary Task
ture: A Computer Aided Advisor for the Performance – 265
Manufacture of Submarine Hulls – 299 Whitmeyer, Shelley J
Sand Waves That Impede Navigation of Wilhite, Alan W.
Westbrook, C K Coastal Inlet Navigation Chan- NASA Langley Systems Analysis & Con-
Ignition of Isomers of Pentane: An Ex- nels – 172 cepts Directorate Technology
perimental and Kinetic Modeling Assessment/Portfolio Analysis – 375
Whitmore, H. W.
Study – 83 Wilkins, F.
Integration of an Economy Under Imper-
Kinetic Study of the Combustion of Orga- fect Competition with a Twelve-Cell Eco- Update on the Southwest 1000 MW CSP
nophosphorus Compounds – 69 logical Model – 283 Initiative – 176
B-67
Wilkins, Jr, James R Wingard, Doug Combining Variable Selection with Di-
Results From Use of an Integrated Characterization of Space Shuttle Ther- mensionality Reduction – 371
Schedule for Drawing Development and mal Protection System (TPS) Materials Object Recognition with Features In-
Equipment Procurement (The National for Return-to-Flight following the Shuttle spired by Visual Cortex – 332
Shipbuilding Research Program) – 325 Columbia Accident Investigation – 44
Perception Strategies in Hierarchical Vi-
Williams, B A Nitrile/Buna N Material Failure Assess- sion Systems – 337
Dynamics and Suppression Effective- ment for an O-Ring used on the Gaseous
Hydrogen Flow Control Valve (FCV) of Regularization Through Feature Knock
ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in
the Space Shuttle Main Engine – 160 Out – 338
Flames – 87 Winkle, I E Wolfe, Gregory
The National Shipbuilding Research Pro- ‘Hoo-ah’ or Ouch: Methodologies for As-
Williams, Christopher R
gram, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, sessing Military Vehicle Occupant Inju-
Use of Radar Profilers in Multi-Sensor
Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives ries – 204
Ground Validation for TRMM and
GPM – 200 Wong, Chee W
Winn, Kay Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
Williams, Daniel J
Environmental Assessment (EA): Pro- Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
Potential Usage of Aqueous Alum for posed Carriage Test Facility, Hill Air ings – 161
Decomposition of Chemical Warfare Force Base, Utah – 186
Agents. Part 2: Reactions with VX and Wong, E L
QL – 95 Winter, M. Polymorphous Computing Architecture
Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply (PCA) Kernel Benchmark Measurements
Williams, Diane with Special Provision for Experiences in on the MIT Raw Microprocessor – 292
Effects of Chemical Protective Clothing, ISAF 2003 – 269
Exercise, and Diphenhydramine on Cog- Wong, Hong
nitive Performance During Sleep Depri- Wiser, P R Spacecraft Formation Flying near Sun-
vation – 257 Organization of Response Areas in Fer- Earth L2 Lagrange Point: Trajectory Gen-
ret Primary Auditory Cortex – 220 eration and Adaptive Full-State Feed-
Williams, G A
Witelski, Thomas P back Control – 52
Efficient and Robust Numerical Modeling
of Variably Saturated Flow in Layered A Discrete Model for an Ill-Posed Nonlin- Wong, Ivan
Porous Media – 169 ear Parabolic PDE – 391 Computer Exxtimated Probability of De-
Witkowski, David P. tection: Can You Hide from a Com-
Williams, John
Slotted Aircraft Wing – 23 puter? – 332
Navy High-Pressure Waterjet Closed-
Loop Paint Stripping System (The Na- Witney, Adam A Wong, O
tional Shipbuilding Research Pro- Novel Antigen Identification Method for Performance Analysis of a Wing With
gram) – 73 Discovery of Protective Malaria Antigens Multiple Winglets – 3
Willsky, Alan S Woo, J. H.
coding Exons from the Parasite Ge-
Multiscale Systems, Kalman Filters, and nome – 224 Cosmic Evolution of Black Holes and
Riccati Equations – 354 Spheroids. I: The M(sub BH) - sigma
Witowski, David P. Relation at Z = 0.36 – 449
Wavelet Packet Based Transient Signal Slotted Aircraft Wing – 16
Classification – 438 Wood, Anthony D
Woddard, Stanley E. Denial of Service in Sensor Net-
Wilmarth, W. R. Magnetic Field Response Sensor For works – 322
Task Technical and Quality Assurance Conductive Media – 139
Plan for the 2H Evaporator Scale Analy- Wood, W E
sis – 76 Wofford, Steven J.
RS-25 for the NASA Crew Launch Ve- gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium
Wilson, Derek hicle: The Evolution of SSME for Space Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip
Pipeline Optimization Program Exploration – 37 Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With
(PLOP) – 377 Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac-
Wolf, Alexander L
Wilson, James A Facilitator Method for Upstream Design ing – 102
Hypersonic and Unsteady Flow Science Activities with Diverse Stakehold- Woodard, Stanley E.
Issues for Explosively Formed Penetra- ers – 310
Flexible Framework for Capacitive Sens-
tors – 1 A Generic, Peer-to-Peer Repository for ing – 127
Wilson, John W. Distributed Configuration Manage-
ment – 310 Magnetic Field Response Measurement
Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- Acquisition System – 140
sign Tools – 47 A Reusable, Distributed Repository for
Configuration Management Policy Pro- Woodcock, Gordon
Wilson, Paul M gramming – 312 Application of Solar-Electric Propulsion
Simulation of Weapons Release from Event-Based Detection of Concur- to Robotic and Human Missions in Near-
Cargo Aircraft – 8 rency – 379 Earth Space – 329
Wilson, Robert M. Investigating the Applicability of Architec- Woods, Cynthia
Examination of the Armagh Observatory ture Description in Configuration Man- Knowledge Representation in PARKA.
Annual Mean Temperature Record, agement and Software Deploy- Part 2. Experiments, Analysis, and En-
1844-2004 – 199 ment – 303 hancements – 337
Windhouwer, M. A. Wolf, Lior Woods, Daniel J
Flexible and Scalable Digital Library A New Biologically Motivated Framework Optimization on Microcomputers: The
Search – 281 for Robust Object Recognition – 334 Nelder-Mead Simplex Algorithm – 347
B-68
Woods, K. N. Wrbanek, John D. Xu, T.
Influence of Chain Dynamics on the Far Thin Film Physical Sensor Instrumenta- 17.5 per cent p-Type Silicon Heterojunc-
Infrared Spectrum of Liquid Methanol- tion Research and Development at tion Solar Cells with HWCVD a-Si:H as
Water Mixtures – 82 NASA Glenn Research Center – 151 the Emitter and Back Contact – 183
Woods, V Wright, Henry S. Yagi, Takeshi

Design of a Long Endurance Titan VTOL Experiments of a Terabit-Class Super-
Vehicle – 60 Network – 117
tance – 135 Wu, Gang-Yi Yagla, Jon J
The Role of the Neurofibromin- Laser Welding Analysis and Experiments
Woody, Carol Syndecan-CASK Complex in the Regu- (The National Shipbuilding Research
OCTAVE -S Implementation Guide, Ver- lation of Synaptic Ras-MAPK Signaling Program) – 104
sion 1.0. Volume 6: Critical Asset Work- and Dendritic Spine Plasticity – 234
sheets for Systems – 320 Yakowitz, Sid
Wu, Joseph M
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Asymptotic Normality of the Contraction
Cellular Targets of Dietary Polyphenol Mapping Estimator for Frequency Esti-
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 1: Introduc- Resveratrol – 239
tion to OCTAVE-S – 321 mation – 350
Wu, K.
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Yakowitz, Sidney
Analyzing Enron Data: Bitmap Indexing
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 10: Example On the Contraction Mapping Method for
Outperforms MySQL Queries by Several
Scenario – 318 Frequency Detection – 370
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Yam, Clement
HDF5-FastQuery: Accelerating Complex
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 2: Prepara- Queries on HDF Datasets Using Fast Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Aug-
tion Guidance – 321 Bitmap Indices – 440 mented Rocket Nozzle – 145
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Wu, Lily Yamada, Hiroyoshi
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 3: Method Molecular Engineering of Vector-Based A Four-Component Decomposition of
Guidelines – 321 Oncolytic and Imaging Approaches for POLSAR Image – 426
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Advanced Prostate Cancer – 246 Yamaguchi, Yoshio
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 4: Organiza- Wu, X. A Four-Component Decomposition of
tional Worksheets – 320 Polycrystalline Thin-Film Multijunction POLSAR Image – 426
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Solar Cells – 179 Yamakawa, Hiroshi
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 5: Critical Wynne, S Formation Flying X-ray Telescope in L2
Asset Worksheets for Information – 320 Modeling and Computation of Propagat- Orbit – 55
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation ing Waves from Coronary
Yamamoto, Masayuki
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 7: Critical Stenoses – 409
Asset Worksheets for Applica- Realization of the Solar Power Satellite
Thermal Conductivity of Composites Un- using the Formation Flying Solar Reflec-
tions – 319 der Different Heating Scenarios – 420 tor – 51
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Wysong, I
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 8: Critical Yamashita, S.
Surface Roughness Effects in Low Rey- Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detec-
Asset Worksheets for People – 319 nolds Number Channel Flows – 146 tors – 401
OCTAVE-S (Registered) Implementation Xi, Wang
Guide, Version 1.0. Volume 9: Strategy Yang, B.
Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst
and Plan Worksheets – 319 Switching/Optical Access Net-
Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discreti-
zation of the Diffusion Equation for Arbi-
Sustaining Software-Intensive Sys- work – 281
trary Polyhedral Grids – 290
tems – 318 Xiao, G
Multifunctional Magnetic Nanowires for Yang, R
Woolard, D L Geometric Phases, Anholonomy, and
Biomagnetic Interfacing Con-
Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili- Optimal Movement – 359
cepts – 259
ties Within the Positive-Differential-
Resistance Regions of Tunneling De- Xie, Nick Neural Networks for Tactile Percep-
vices – 132 tion – 294
System Quality Requirements Engineer-
Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu- ing (SQUARE) Methodology: Case Study Yang, Rui
lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun- on Asset Management System – 433 On the Dynamics of Floating Four-Bar
neling Devices – 132 Xingzhou, Yang Linkages – 392
The Immersed Interface Method for Elas- Yang, Xiaowei
Woolley, Pamela L ticity Problems with Interfaces – 400
Defining Cyberspace as a USA Air Force Identification of Connectivity in Neural
Mission – 430 Xiong, Kaiqi Networks – 340
Gaussian Filters for Nonlinear Filtering
Yankov, Plamen
Woolrich, R Problems – 348
Developing a Methodology for Elaborat-
The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Xu, Liang ing a Pulsed Optical Safety Area for High
Particle Study – 222 Herceptin-Resistance and Overexpres- Power Laser Diodes – 157
sion of Anti-Apoptotic Molecule Bci-XL: A
Worley, S D Yanyo, L C
Potential Strategy for Overcoming Resis-
Antimicrobial Acrylic Fiber – 107 tance to Herceptin – 214 Models for Nonlinear Elastomers – 107
Wrage, Lutz Xu, Sugang Yao, C T
Model Problems in Technologies for In- Advanced Lightpath Establishment for Neural Networks for Tactile Percep-
teroperability: Web Services – 316 Distributed Computing – 317 tion – 294
B-69
Yarnoz, Daniel Garcia Young, D. Zele, Mina
FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren- SIMS Study of Elemental Diffusion Dur- Detection of Sensor Faults in a Waste-
dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora- ing Solid Phase Crystallization of Amor- water Treatment Plant By an Adaptive
tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- phous Silicon – 173 Principal Component Analysis – 376
bits – 59 Young, Gregory Zeng, Honglei
Yates ,III, John R Modeling of Rocket Motor Ballistics for Computing Trust from Revision His-
Proteome Analysis of Rhoptry-Enriched Functionally Graded Propellants – 111 tory – 435
Fractions Isolated From Plasmodium Young Jr, John J Zhang, Guangming
Merozoites – 223 Aging Naval Aircraft Study – 9 Evaluating Product Machinability for
Yaworsky, Paul S Young, Lawrence E. Concurrent Engineering – 385
Summary Report of Finding of the Deci- Relative Sensor with 4Pi Coverage for Zhang, Mei
sion Science Working Group Formation Flying Missions – 48 Multifunctional Characteristics of Carbon
(DSWG) – 433 Nanotube (CNT) Yarn Composites – 79
Young, M.
Yazaki, Fumito New GalnP/GaAs/GalnAs, Triple- Zhang, Ronghua
The Relative Position Control in Forma- Bandgap, Tandem Solar Cell for High- ControlWare: A Middleware Architecture
tion Flying Satellites Using Super- Efficiency Terrestrial Concentrator Sys- for Feedback Control of Software Perfor-
Conducting Magnets – 62 tems – 176 mance – 296
Yedlin, Deborah K Understanding the Potential and Limita- Zhang, S. B.
Adapting CMMI for Acquisition Organiza- tions of Dilute Nitride Alloys for Solar New Mechanism for Non-Radiative Re-
tions: A Preliminary Report – 298 Cells – 181 combination at Light-Induced Boron-
Yeoh, O H Yu, Erik Z Oxygen Complexes in Silicon – 174
Analysis of Bonded Elastic Akt Phosphorylation and Kinase Activity Zhang, Xin
Blocks – 110 are Down-Regulated During Hibernation Demonstration of a Microfabricated High-
in the 13-Lined Ground Squirrel – 223 Speed Turbine Supported on Gas Bear-
Yeung, Ka Y
Yu, S. ings – 161
Bayesian Model Averaging: Develop-
ment of an Improved Multi-Class, Gene Ferroelectirc Plasma Source for Heavy Zhang, Y.
Selection and Classification Tool for Mi- Ion Beam Charge Neutralization – 406 Impurity-Band Model for GaP1-
croarray Data – 244 Yu, Z. xNx – 180
Donuts, Scratches and Blanks: Robust Dalitz Plot Analysis of $B( up arro- Zhang, Y
Model-Based Segmentation of Microar- w)O(underbar)d to K+ pi(up arrow) pi(up
On the Convergence of the Tapia Indica-
ray Images – 369 arrow)O$ Decays – 418
tors in the Absence of Strict Complemen-
Yeung, M. R. Yu, Zhendong tarity – 350
Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition On the Formulation and Theory of the
the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 Newton Interior-Point Method for Nonlin-
Mode – 187 Yurimoto, Hisayoshi ear Programming – 300
Evidence in CO3.0 Chondrules for a drift Zhao, P
Yger, Alain
in the O Isotopic Composition of the Numerical Tools for the Study of Instabili-
Effective Bezout Identities in Solar Nebula – 455
Q[z1,...,Zn] – 349 ties Within the Positive-Differential-
Zachmann, G. J. Resistance Regions of Tunneling De-
Yi, J. Equilibrium Hydrogen Concentrations of vices – 132
Hadronic B Decays at BABAR – 401 the 800 Series Tanks in Deactivation Parallel-Platform Based Numerical Simu-
Yongmei, Sun Mode – 187 lation of Instabilities in Nanoscale Tun-
Wavelength Routing/Optical Burst Zajc, Baldomir neling Devices – 132
Switching/Optical Access Net- Electrotechnical Review, Volume 73, No. Zhao, Q H
work – 281 1 – 130 The National Shipbuilding Research Pro-
Yorke, Harold Zajic, David gram. 1992 Ship Production Symposium
Analysis of the Optical Design for the Headline Generation for Written and Proceedings. Paper No. 7C-2: Strip
SAFIR Telescope – 416 Broadcast News – 432 Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting With
Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfac-
Yorke-Smith, Neil Zajicek, Mark ing – 102
Temporal Planning with Preferences and Defining Incident Management Pro-
cesses for CSIRTs: A Work in Zheng, Yefeng
Probabilities – 381
Progress – 322 Robust Point Matching for Non-Rigid
Yoshida, Setsuo Shapes: A Relaxation Labeling Based
Zang, P Approach – 390
Compact Photonic Gateway with AOTF Astrocytic Adrenoceptors: A Major Drug
for Remotely Controlling Lambda- Target in Neurological and Psychiatric Zhilin, Li
Paths – 126 Disorders – 233 The Immersed Interface Method for Elas-
Yound, D. ticity Problems with Interfaces – 400
Zang, Thomas A., Jr.
Combinatorial Exploration of Novel Electronics Shielding and Reliability De- Zhong, Jinghua
Transparent Conducting Oxide Materi- sign Tools – 47 Optimal Control of Piezoceramic Actua-
als – 179 tors – 106
Zegers, E J
Young, D. L. Dynamics and Suppression Effective- Zhou, G
Proposed Route to Thin Film Crystal Si ness of Monodisperse Water Droplets in Incorporating Active and Multi-Database-
Using Biaxially Textured Foreign Tem- Non-Premixed Counterflow State Services into an OSA-Compliant
plate Layers – 177 Flames – 87 Interoperability Toolkit – 310
B-70
Zhu, Ruiqing Zmuidzinas, Jonas Zukic, Maumer
VEST: An Aspect-Based Composition Analysis of the Optical Design for the Solar CIV Vacuum-Ultraviolet Fabry-
Tool for Real-Time Systems – 313 SAFIR Telescope – 416 Perot Interferometers – 459
Zhu, X L Zorn, Deborah D Zumer, Viljem
Orally Administered IL-6 Induces El- Electronic Structure Studies of High En- Object-Oriented Design and Implemen-
evated Intestinal GM-CSF Gene Expres- ergy Ionic Liquids (PREPRINT) – 93 tation of Computer Chess – 303
sion and Splenic CFU-GM – 225 Electronic Structure Studies of Zundel, Aan K
Zhuang, Y Tetrazolium-Based Ionic Liquids – 93 Two-Dimensional Depth-Averaged Cir-
Identification of Infinite Dimensional Sys- Zotes, Fernando Alonso culation Model CMS-M2D: Version 3.0,
tems via Adaptive Wavelet Neural Net- FAMOS-V2: Formation Flying and Ren- Report 2, Sediment Transport and Mor-
works – 338 dezvous and Docking Tool for Explora- phology Change – 124
Zijp, Jaap tion Mission in Circular and Elliptical Or- Zunger, A.
Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply bits – 59
GA Addition to CIS Limit Its Cell Perfor-
with Special Provision for Experiences in Zoughi, R. mance: the Amazing Physics of Grain-
ISAF 2003 – 269 High-Resolution Millimeter Wave Detec- Boundaries and Killer-Defects in Chal-
Zika, M. R. tion of Vertical Cracks in the Space copyrites – 176
Piecewise Linear Finite Element Discreti- Shuttle External Tank (ET) Spray-on-
Zwart, S. R.
zation of the Diffusion Equation for Arbi- Foam Insulation (SOFI) – 45
Changes in Nutritional Issues Over the
trary Polyhedral Grids – 290 Zrostlik, Rick Last 45 Years – 255
Zimmer, Jeannot Partial and Full Inverse Compensation
Reduction of Dietary Acid Load as a
Multinational Concepts for Blood Supply for Hysteresis in Smart Material Sys-
tems – 129 Potential Countermeasure for Bone Loss
with Special Provision for Experiences in Associated with Spaceflight – 255
ISAF 2003 – 269 Zuboy, J.
Zimmerman, Daniel H Strategic Planning of Communications Zwart, Sara R.
CEL-1000 - A Peptide With Adjuvant Ac- and Knowledge Transfer for the Solar Nutrition Issues for Space Explora-
tivity for TH1 Immune Responses – 225 Energy Technologies Program – 177 tion – 221
Zimmerman, Frank Zukauskas, Wally Zwart, Sara
Pitting of Space Shuttle’s Inconel Honey- Low-Cost Launch Systems for the Dual- Changes in Space Food over the Last 45
comb Conical Seal Panel – 60 Launch Concept – 36 Years – 221
B-71

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Volume 44 Issue 22

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION.

• TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. • Phone the NASA STI Help Desk at

• NASA, NASA contractor, and NASA grantee reports

The NASA STI Program

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI)

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Chemistry and Materials

Mathematical and Computer Sciences

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Subject Term Index

VOLUME 44, NOVEMBER 6, 2006

20060048307 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA

20060048929 Air Force Research Lab., Eglin AFB, FL USA

20060048934 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049238 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049266 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USA

20060049404 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USA

20060049612 Surrey Univ., Guildford, UK

20060048280 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

20060048290 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

20060048493 Civil Aerospace Medical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK, USA

20060048496 Civil Aerospace Medical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK, USA

20060048600 Illinois Univ., Urbana-Champaign, IL USA

20060048669 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, The Hague, Netherlands

20060048927 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060048936 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060048956 Boeing Phantom Works, Saint Louis, MO USA

20060049241 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USA

20060049243 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049245 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049276 Naval Research Advisory Committee, Arlington, VA USA

20060049378 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060049426 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060049451 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060049579 Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., San Mateo, CA USA

20060049779 Institut de Medecine Aerospatiale du Service, Armees, France

20060050235 Government Accountability Office, Washington, DC, USA

20060048293 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

20060048772 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049094 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA

20060048494 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

20060048499 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

20060048565 NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA, USA

20060048782 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060048954 Congressional Budget Office, Washington, DC USA

20060048959 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049067 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

20060049089 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049149 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

20060049224 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049228 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USA

20060049267 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060049339 Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Soesterberg, Netherlands

20060049344 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA

20060049365 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA

20060049414 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060049425 Creare, Inc., Hanover, NH USA

20060049430 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060049438 Library of Congress, Washington, DC USA

20060049446 Air Force Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USA