MIMO-OFDM EM

1 2

1
2
si_bo87@stu.um.ac.ir, hzamiri@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
MIMO-OFDM ) ( SVD
.
. ( Expectation Maximization ) EM
.
EM .

) (SVD

OFDM MIMO

-1

. MIMO-OFDM

.

OFDM 1.

. OFDM


.

- ) (MIMO2

.
MIMO

.
MIMO-OFDM

.
.

(SVD)3

.

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Multiple Input Multiple Output

1
2

Singular Value Decomposition

 SVD

.

] [2][1] [3


.

.

] [4] [5 .
1
(CEM) EM
(ECEM)2
.



.


.

CEM
.
CEM
.
.
MIMO-OFDM
.
CEM
CEM
.

.

:1

MIMO-OFDM

-2 MIMO-OFDM

MIMO-OFDM 1
. N M L

.
)(m
s ( m ) ( k ) = [ s1( m ) ( k ),..., s N
( k )]T

)(1

) s( m ) (k m
k .
H (1) 0

0 H ( 2) 0

= Hf

)( L
H

)(2

H f
.



DFT IDFT

.

)(3

m = 1,..., L

) x (m) (k ) = H (m) s ( m) (k ) + n (m) (k

x ( m ) ( k ) = [ x1( m ) (k ),, x M( m ) ( k )]T

) x (jm ) ( k k
j m n( m ) (k ) .
M 1

Constrained EM
Enhanced CEM

R n = n2 I M.

1
2

)(10

)y 1(li 1) ( k ) = X (k )S H (k ) s ( k ) v i(l 1

)H (m) = U (m) (m) V (m

)(11

s ( k ) = (S( k )S( k ) H ) 1

V M P

)(12

]) S( k ) = [s(0 ), s(1),..., s( k

H
N P P
) . P = min( M , N

)(13

]) X ( k ) = [x (0 ), x (1),..., x ( k

) H ( m :
H

)(4

) (m

) (m

) (m

)(14

) ) ( m ) = diag ( 1( m ) , 2( m ) ,..., P( m

)w 1( li

i = 1,..., P

w 1( li) ) 2

)u i( l ) = ( w 1( li

(.) .
.
SVD
.

] . [3

w (2li) = [I N s ( k ) W2( li ) ( W2( li ) s ( k ) W2( li ) ) 1

)(15

) W2( li ) ] y (2li1) ( k

i = 1,..., P

) y (2li) ( k ) = s ( k )S( k ) X H ( k )u i( l

)(16

)(17
)(18

)v i( l ) = ( w (2li) w (2li) ) 2 w (2li

1

(l )H (l ) 2
) ( w 2 i w 2i

i = 1,..., P

) i(l

-3

U U ) V ( V

. m
. ][1

U H .
OFDM
V .
H

U .

.

W1 = U . W2 = V ui v i
i U V w 1i w 2i i
W1 W2 :
w 1i = Hv i = i ui
)(6

-1-3 EM )(CEM

w 2Hi = uiH H = i v iH

)(7

EM ) (CEM
U V .
] [3 ) y 1i (k ) z 1i (k

:
) x( k ) = W1 V H s( k ) + n( k
) = UW2H s( k ) + n( k

)(8

CML
w1i w 2i ui v i l
]: [3
H

H = U V H = W1 V H = UW2H

)(5

OFDM

)(19

) y 1i (k ) = w 1i + z 1i (k
w 1i

) z 1i (k .
) y 1i (k ) X (k
. w 1i

) 1( li) = [I M W1(il ) ( W1(il ) W1(il ) ) 1 W1(il ) ]y 1( li1) ( k

w

)i = 1,..., P (9

EM w 1Hi w 1i = 0

 i j ]. [6

.

) ) S(k (12
) s(k .

)( l 1
1i
Q C ( w 1i , w
)

)( l 1
)( l 1
= E{log f y1i |w1i ( y 1i
( k ) | w 1i ) | X ( k ), w 1i
}

) (l
+ 1i
W1i( l ) w 1i

)(20

) s 1 (k

)( l 1
Q C ( w 1i , w 1i w 1i
)
f .

) s(k )s (k
. ) (26
Bayes

[1li] = [ 1[il ] ,, 1[il] 1 ]T

] W1[il ] = [ w [11l ] ,, w [1li] 1 .
) (20 .

)
E{s( k ) | x( k ), w (l
= } 2i

) (l
)( l 1
w 1i
= arg min E ( y 1i
( k ) w 1i ) H R z 1
1i

)(30

) w1( li

) )s(k ) s(k ) f x|s,w (x(k ) | s(k ), w (2li

) )s(k ) f x|s,w (x(k ) | s(k ), w (2li
) (l
2i

) (l
2i

)( l 1
)( l 1
] [l
1i
( y 1i
( k ) w 1i ) | X ( k ), w
+ [1il ] W1i
w 1i
)(21

R z 1 .

)
w (l
2i

) (30 ) (8
.

1i

:
H

) (l
w 1i
) = [I M W1i( l ) ( W1i( l ) W1i( l ) ) 1 W1i( l ) ] g 1( li 1) ( k

)i = 1,..., P (22

)( k ) s (k ) | X (k ), w 1( li1) }v i( l 1

= X ( k ) E{S

V s (k ) V H ) s (k

) g 1( li1) (k

V .
) (22) (25
(LS)1



.

)(23

U l
:
) (l
w 1i

)i = 1,, P (24

(l ) 2
) w 1i

(l )H
( w 1i

) u i( l

w 2i
H

w (2li) = [I N s 2i ( k ) W2( li ) ( W2( li ) s 2 i W2( li ) ) 1

), P (25

-2-3 EM

) W2( li ) ] g (2li) ( k

i = 1,

)(26

) g (2li) ( k ) = s2i ( k ) E{S( k ) | X ( k ), w (2li) }X H ( k )u i(l

)(27

s2i ( k ) = E{ s 1 ( k ) | X (k ), w (2li) }1

)(ECEM

.

Lc
.
DFT ) ( L . LC < L

V
.
)i = 1,, P (28
)i = 1,, P (29

) VS(k

) S(k

) (l )H (l ) 2 (l
= ( w 2i w 2i ) w 2i
1

) (l
(l )H (l ) 2
) i = ( w 2i w 2i

) v i( l

Least Squares

 N OFDM .

IDFT
L Lc
.

.

] . [ 7 ) (10)(16

)(31

)y 1( li1) ( k ) = H( k ) v i( l 1

)(32

) y (2li) ( k ) = H H ( k )u i( l

NT=1 OFDM ND=30
.
2 3 M=N=2,4
SNR .
ECEM CEM
.
CEM
. 2
ECEM M=N=2,4 .
4 5 ND
. ECEM
.
5 N=2
ECEM

) H(k ) = X (k )S H (k ) s (k ML1
.
) H z (k

) (31)(32
.
.


.
) (31) (32

.
.

-4
:2 SNR
CEM ECEM .

MIMO-OFDM 64
.
) s(k 16-QAM
.
)(NMSE2
3
) (BER ]. [1

16 .
NT ND

:3 SNR CEM
ECEM .

Maximum Likelihood
Normalized Mean Square Error
3
Bit Error Rate
2

-5

MIMO-OFDM CEM

. ECEM
CEM
.
CEM
.
ECEM CEM

.

:4 ND
CEM ECEMSNR=30

:5 ND CEM

[1] H. Zamiri-Jafarian and G. Gulak, Iterative MIMO

channel SVD estimation," IEEE InternationalConference
on Communications, vol.2, pp. 1157-1161, May 2005.
[2] H. Zamiri-Jafarian and G. Gulak, Adaptive channel
SVD estimation for MIMO-OFD systems,"IEEEVehicular
Technology Conference, 2005, vol.1, pp. 552-556, 30May1 June 2005.

ECEM

.SNR=30

] [3 " SVD
"
.1385
[4] A. S. Y. Poon, D. N. C. Tse, and R. W. Brodersen, "An
adaptive multiantenna transceiver for slowly flat Fading
channels," IEEE Trans. Communications vol. 51, pp. 1820
-1827 Nov. 2003.
[5] A. K. Jagannatham and B. D. Rao, "Whitening"rotation-based semi-Blind MIMO channel estimation,
IEEE Trans. Signal Processing, vol. 54, pp. 861 - 869,
March 2006.
"[6] T.K.Moon, "The Expectation maximization algorithm,
IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 13, pp. 47-60,
Nov. 1996.
[7] H. Zamiri-Jafarian and S. Pasupathy, "Robust and
improved channel estimation algorithm for MIMO- OFDM
systems, " , To be published in IEEE Trans. on Wireless
Communications .

:6
CEM ECEM.SNR=30

. 6
.
ECEM
.
CEM