Photovoltaic Day03 To-Day 05 Page155-250

PhotovoltaicoffgridSystems IntroductoryCourse DateandLocation: September9 132013, Egypt,Cairo Presentations Day03
Dr.Ing.MatthiasKlauss
GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgs thueringen.de
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SHS example Lojpaya installation of a off-grid PV power plant for a health center in Bolivia
Dr.-Ing. Matthias Klauss

German Solar Energy Society e.V. DGS Thuringia thueringen@dgs.de _ www.dgspage 156 thueringen.de
SHSexampleLojpaya installationofaoffgrid PVpowerplantfora healthcenterinBolivia
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GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de
Lojpaya
13_08_~4.PO~
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Off-grid projects Data collection and concept development

Offgridprojects Datacollectionand conceptdevelopment
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LVThringender DeutschenGesellschaftfrSonnenenergiee.V. thueringen@dgs.de _www.dgsthueringen.de
Content
DatacollectionforoffgridPVproject Datacollectionasbasisforproject development Activity CaseStudyBungalowsinHurghada PartIIDraftDesign
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DatacollectionforoffgridPV project
Atouristcomplexin Hughada has10bungalows, whichareonlyusedin summer. Thebungalowsshouldbe electrifiedoffgrid Whichinformationdowe needtopreparea quotation?
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Brainstorming
Groupdiscussionwhatinformationweneed Lecturewritesallitemsontheflipchart
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Datacollection Generalinformation
ProjectLocation,exactaddress,province,etc. Coordinatesofthelocation(ifpossible) Projectpartners,exactaddress,province,etc. Distancee.g.tothethecapital(kmandh)and accessibility Currentpowersupply BuildingstructureandinstallationoptionsforthePV modules Photos
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Datacollection Technicalinformation
Numberofdesiredsystems Numberofdaysofautonomy Globalradiation(kWh/m*d) Dailyelectricitydemand,therearevariations(day,month, season) Powerandtypeofconsumers Type(TV,fridge...) number PowerinW Usagetimeh/d
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Datacollection Technicalinformation
Consumer 1 lamps 2 Reflectors 3 Fluorescents 4 Computers C t 5 TV 6 TV 7 Blender 8 Electricalshower 9 Speaker 10 Radio Total: Power[W] 42 300 50 250 90 60 300 5500 100 25 Numberof consumers 10 12 43 5 1 1 1 2 1 1 Usage Consumtion TotalPower time[h/d] [Wh/d] [W] 1,0 0,5 0,4 30 3,0 3,0 3,0 0,1 0,1 2,0 4,0 420 1800 860 3750 270 180 30 1100 200 100 420 3600 2150 1250 90 60 300 11000 100 25
8710Wh/d 18995W
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Datecollection Financialinformation
Whatdotheypaypresentlyforelectricity? HowthePVsystemwillbefinanced? Funding Donations Ownmoney LoanRevolvingFund Hastheclientanypossibility(ownmoney,donation)tosave A1 money(tomakeprovisions)foroperationandmaintenance (ChangeoftheBatteries,thechargecontrollerandthe inverterafter5to20years)
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RALCheckListcustomerconsultation Seehandout
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Roofconstruction
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Custumerconsultation Scetchofthebuliding,thelocation
Buildingsurvey
North Antenna Window Chimney
West
East
Roof Ridge Eaves
South
Neighbouring House
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Casestudy,Hurghada
Coordinates:271528N334842E (27.257778,33.811667) Customerwantsoffgridsolution CommunityofHurgada, Government:AlBahralahmar,Egypt Accessviapublicstreets BungalowsareonlyusedfromMarch toSeptember
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Casestudy,Hurghada
OneSHSsystemperbungalow Typicalconsumptionperbungalow
Consumer Powerin [W] 42 65 60 25 Amount [N] 2,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 Dayli operation [h/d] 2,0 2,0 3,0 3,0
lamps Notebook TV Radio
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CasestudypartIIHughada predesign
PrepareapredesignforoffgridPVsystemsforthe bungalowsinHughada? Pleasecalculatetheconsumptionandtheneeded moduleandinverterpower. Optional: p Pleasedraftafirstpre p design g including gthesize ofthedifferentmaincomponents:
Modules Inverter Batteries
Workingroupsandprepareapostertopresentyour solutions
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Casestudy,Hurghada Globalradiation
Dailysolarradiation horizontalinkWh/(m*d)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct Nov Dec
Berlin
0,60 1,23 2,35 3,70 4,94 5,31 5,09 4,39 3,00 1,68 0,71 0,44 2,79 1021 2165
Hurghada 4,07 4,95 5,99 6,87 7,29 8,07 7,84 7,17 6,19 5,04 4,05 3,61 5,93
WertefrBolivien von: https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgibin/sse/retscreen.cgi?email=rets%40nrcan.gc.ca&step=1&lat=15.17&lon= 67.39&submit=Submit

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An nual Sum
Avaerage A
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Climatedates: NASARETScreen
https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/RETScreen
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ClimatedatesHurghada :
Quelle:https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgibin/sse/retscreen.cgi?email=rets%40nrcan.gc.ca&step=1&lat=15.17&lon=67.39&submit=Submit
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ClimatedataHurghada: NASARETScreen
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ClimatedataCairo
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ClimatedataCairo: NASARETScreen
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On-site appointment

On-site appointment
Dr.Ing.MatthiasKlauss GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V.DGSThuringia
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OnsiteAppointment Overview
Onsitevisitsandsitesurveys TechnicalAnalysis LocationanalysisandshadingofthePVsystems Buildingsurveys Checklists
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OnsiteAppointment Customerconsultation
Whatshouldonetakewith? Compass Tapemeasure(upto25m),yardstick Digitalcamera Clinometer forfindingtheslopeoftheroof Datasheetsformodules,inverters,substructures Samples(i.e.substructures,modules,cells,...) Surveyform Shadingsimulator(ifavailable)
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OnSiteAppointment Technicallayout
Procedure Surveyanddrawingoftheroofmeasurements Selectionofthemoduletype,evenifdifferentfromthe customerswishes Determinationofthemoveablemodules(horizontal,vertical mounting,abilitytobeswitchedtoetc.) Selectionofinverter Calculationofnumberofmodulesperstring Calculationofnumberofstringsperinverter
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OnsiteAppointment Shadinganalysis
Shadinginhibitstheproductionofsolarpower
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Shadinganalysisusingacamerawithspecialsolargeometry accessories
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Shadinganalysis Determiningtheelevationangleandazimuthangleofanobject
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Selfshading
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Avoidableshading
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Onsiteappointment buildingsurvey
Roofareawithconsiderationfortheorientation UseableareaforthePVsystem Chimney,antennas,satellitesystems Buildingsnearby(approximatedistanceandheight) Trees(approximate distanceandheight):Identification Diciduoustree(D)andConifer(F) Freestandingcables(electricity/telephone),whentheycould shadethePVsystem Othersourcesofshade:Buildingprojections,dormers...
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Onsiteappointment checklists
Checklists Data for the roof
Pitched roof
Single pitch roof
Flat roof
Shed roof
Available roof area: Suitable roof area with consideration for the distance to the edge of the roof (DIN 1055) and obstructive roof elements including shading: (formula is only valid for distance to roof edge, for the other areas must be subtracted)
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Checklists for shading
Included in the drawing: -Roof area (with attention to the orientation -Usable area for the PV system (situate the middle of the PV system at the coordinate origins, additional fotos can be taken) -Chimney, antenna, satellite systems -Near lying buildings (approximate distance and height) -Trees (approximate distance and height) -Freestanding cables (i.e. electricity or telephone lines) -Other shading sources: building projections, etc...
North
West
East
Identification of objects/ Legend PV C W F A D

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Usable area for PV Chimney Window Conifer Antenna Deciduous Tree
South
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Buildingsurvey
North Antenna Window Chimney
West
East
Roof Ridge Eaves
South
Neighbouring House
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Planning and Design of DC off-grid systems

PlanningandDesignofDC offgridsystems
Speaker GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V._RegionalAssociationThuringia
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Planning !
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Content
Selectionoftypeofsystem Datacollection:electricityconsumptionandClimatedate DimensioningofthePVgenerator(DGS,Hberlin,Hankins, Reepro etc.) Calculationoflosses/Systemefficiency Systemvoltage Chargecontroller Batterydimensioning Cabledimensioning InverterandFuses
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Planninganddesign
Planninganddesignofoffgridsystems 1.Consumptiondatacollectionanddatabasis Precisecollectionofthedesiredconsumption Determinationofthetimeofuse Obtaininformationontheradiationdatafortheplanned installationlocation(PVGISetc.) Calculationofoccurringlosses Setthegeneratorcapacitybasedontheirradiationatthe location,thetimeofuseandtheoccurringlosses
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Planninganddesign
Planninganddesignofoffgridsystems 2.Determiningthesystem SelectanACorDCsystemdependingontherequiredcapacityand thecablelengths SelectthesystemvoltageforDCsystems Selecttheinverterbasedonthegeneratorcapacityandthe occurringmodulevoltageforACsystems Selectcablesizesbasedonlength,thetransmittedcapacityandthe expectedlosses
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Planninganddesign
Planninganddesignofoffgridsystems 3.Sizingthebattery Selectionofsuitablebatteriesfortheplannedapplication Sizingofthebatterybasedonthegeneratorcapacityandthe desiredautonomicdays Selectionofthechargecontrollerbasedonthetechnical specificationsandpermissiblepower
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Prinzipal
Smalloffgrid PVsystem
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Symbols
Componentsof SHS
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Generalconsiderations
Energy production Location Coordinates GPS Next city Generator PV Orientation Inclination Local situation equilibrium Energy consumption Loads Applications List of consumers Power AC/DC Daily y operation p hours
Topology of the system e.h. h Solar home system Hybrid system with generator
radiation and temperature dates
Consumption and power dates Basic data for the design of the system
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Selectionoftherightsystem
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SHSdesign
Intendedpurposeoftheplant Analysisofefficiencyandconsumptionoptimization Useofenergysavinglamp(1.avoidtouseenergy,2.use renewableenergy) UsageofDCdevises,suchasTVs,refrigerators DCCoupling,ACCoupling Availabilityofcomponents Availabilityofspareparts Etc.
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Orientationand inclination
Aruleofthumbistomount modulesfacingtheEquator atanangleequaltothe siteslatitudeplus10. InEgypt,forexample, modulesshouldbe mountedfacingSouthat34 40. Kairo: Latitude:2952N and Longitude:3021E
Latitud
Source: Hankins, Stand-Alone Solar Electric Systems

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Gatheringofconsumptiondata
Detailedgatheringoftheconsumption(requestedandneeded) Recordingofallelectricityconsumersandtheiroperationhours Energy:E=PxtorE=IxUxtin[Wh,kWhetc.) Userdependentconsumers(Lamps) Userindependentconsumers(refrigerator!) Definitionoftheusagetime:Summer,winter,allseasons
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Gatheringofconsumptiondata
Example Radio:50W,dailyoperation:4hours
consumption:50Wx4h=200Wh=0,2kWh
Electricwaterboiler:2.400W,1Litertocook1lwatertakes180 sec.
consumption: i 2400Wx180s=432.000 432 000Ws W =432.000 432 000Ws W /3.600 /3 600s/h /h= 120Wh=0,12kWh
Veryefficientrefrigerator(A+++):0,42kWh/24h,ongoing operationduringthesummer(MaiAugust), Attention:takeinto accountthehighstartingcurrent!

consumption:0,42kWhx123d=51,66kWh
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Backgroundinformation:Units
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Recordingtheenergyconsumption
ConsumptionBalanceofaVacationHouse DailyOperationHours DailyConsumption Consumers ActualPowerPN[W] [h] [Wh] Summer Winter Summer Winter 3lampsin livingroom 1lampinbedroom 2readinglampsin bedroom Refridgerator Television Waterpump Totals
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3x12=36 12 2x7=14 50 50 60 222
1 0,5 1 unknow 2 33,33
3 0,5 1 off 2 0,33
36 6 14 300 100 200 656
108 6 14 off 100 20 248
Climate data
Collectionradiationdataofthelocationofthesystem PVGIS http://sunbird.jrc.it/pvgis/ forEuropeandAfrica EuropeanSolarRadiationAtlas,E.S.R.A.) Retscreen,Nasa Meteonorm (Europa, (Europa Nordafrika) Climate1fromFlensburg,Germanyprovidesworlswide climatedata DatabaseS@telLight Expertliterature,suchasHberlin
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Globalradiation North Southcomperation

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Jan
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GlobalradiationinkWhpermandday
Kairo,gypten Madrid,Spanien Berlin Windhoek,Namibia BuenosAires,Argentinien
Feb Mr Apr Mai
Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Okt Nov Dez
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Radiation
HorizontalglobalradiationvaluesinkWh/(m*d)
EigeneStandortemitdenentsprechendenGlobalstrahlungswertenknnenindengrnunterlegtenFelderneingetragenwerden Jan Standorte 31 Berlin Rostock Bremen Kln Bielefeld Dresden Deutschland Erfurt Frankfurt/Main Nrnberg Stuttgart Freiburg Mnchen Hohenspeissenberg 0,60 0,48 0 60 0,60 0,70 0,63 0,72 0,70 0,69 0,77 0,91 0,84 1,04 1,32 28,25 1,23 1,11 1 22 1,22 1,37 1,32 1,37 1,44 1,41 1,56 1,66 1,58 1,83 2,11 31 2,35 2,28 2 11 2,11 2,24 2,17 2,33 2,33 2,39 2,43 2,59 2,62 2,88 3,19 30 3,70 3,82 3 55 3,55 3,60 3,55 3,51 3,61 3,85 3,70 3,87 3,84 4,01 4,10 31 4,94 5,26 4 75 4,75 4,63 4,69 4,73 4,64 4,90 4,99 4,90 4,82 5,09 4,97 30 5,31 5,47 4 70 4,70 4,74 4,74 4,94 4,91 5,12 5,04 5,09 5,33 5,41 5,26 31 5,09 5,23 4 68 4,68 4,78 4,78 4,92 4,96 5,13 5,11 5,28 5,40 5,39 5,40 31 4,39 4,44 4 06 4,06 4,12 4,14 4,25 4,37 4,42 4,47 4,63 4,75 4,65 4,73 30 3,00 2,88 2 73 2,73 2,75 2,69 2,93 2,86 2,99 3,05 3,22 3,36 3,51 3,70 31 1,68 1,56 1 63 1,63 1,71 1,64 1,83 1,76 1,67 1,85 1,87 1,92 2,13 2,47 30 0,71 0,68 0 74 0,74 0,86 0,75 0,82 0,77 0,82 0,89 1,06 1,03 1,12 1,39 31 0,44 0,36 0 41 0,41 0,51 0,44 0,55 0,53 0,52 0,60 0,70 0,70 0,80 1,06 30,44 2,79 2,80 2 60 2,60 2,67 2,63 2,74 2,74 2,83 2,87 2,98 3,02 3,16 365,25 1021 1025 952 977 962 1004 1003 1035 1051 1091 1104 Feb Mr Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Mittelwert Jahressumme
1155 Quelle:DGS 3,31 Leitfaden 1210
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Irradiationdatabases
Quelle: Quaschning
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Quelle: Quaschning
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Bloemfontein, Sdafrika
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LaPaz,Bolivien
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Solarradiation Insolation vs PeakSunhours

Calculation:
Insolation n in W/m
insolation: 8kWh/m=8000Wh/m => 8PeakSunHours 8hours at 1000W/m
Time in hours
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Current values
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DesignofthePVGenerator
Seleciton ofthesystemtype(DCorAC)accordingtothe neededpowerandthekable lenghts SelectthesystemvoltageforDCsystems(12V,24V,48V) ForACsystemstheinverterwillbeselectedbasedonthesize generatorandthemodulevoltage g ofthePVg
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Systemdesign
Selectionofthesystemvoltage(=Nominalvoltageofthe battery)basedonthepoweroftheconsumers CableLosses(proportionaltoI2) 1role:selectthenexthighersystemvoltageincasethe p below1Ohm resistanceoftheconsumersdrops
Systemvoltage Limitingpower(1role) Limitingpower(practice) Limitingpowerinverter 12V 144W 300W 1,2kW 24V 576W 1kW 5kW 48V 2304W 3kW 10kW
Quelle:Hberlin
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Calculationoflosses
DCsideCablelossesVL (Lossfactor) Limitationupto3%perconection Generatortobatteryviachargecontroller:3% 0,97 Batterytoconsumerviachargecontroller:3% 0,97 Sum6%losses ReductionofthePVyieldsby6%,thusVL =0,94 Transformationlosses(transformationindifferentenergyforms)VU Transformationofelectricalinchemicalenergy Influencedbybatterytype,age,temperature,chargebehaviour,load profile,etc. Generalassumption: Moderateclimate10%loss Warmclimateupto20%loss ReductionofthePVyieldsby10%,thus.Vu =0,90
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Verlustbetrachtungen
Anpassungs oderMismatchingverluste VA AkkugibtSpannungimSystemvor,SpannungjenachLadezustand schwankend MPPSpannungGeneratorabhngigvonTemperaturundEinstrahlung Verlustevonca.10 20% VerringerungdesPVErtragesum10%,d.h.VA =0,80 0,90(0,98) BeiMPPT Ladereglergeringer tw.auchberWirkungsgraddesLadereglersausgedrckt,Verlustvon2bis 5%:VLR =0,95 0,98 WirkungsgraddesWechselrichters Wechselrichterverluste515% VWR =0,85 0,95
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Calculationoflosses
Temperature Lossesduetohighertemperatures VT =0,85 1,05
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Calculationoflosses
Sumofalllosses: V=VL xVU xVA xVLR xVWR with VL =0,94 VU =0,80 0,90 VA =0,80 0 80 0,95 0 95(0,95) (0 95) VWR =0,85 0,95 VT =0,85 1,10 V=0,94x0,90x0,90x0,90x1,00=0,68 32%ofthesystempowercannotbeusedduetothedifferentlosseswithinthe system
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DesignofthePVGenerator
Thepowerofthegeneratordependsontheirradiationatthe locationofinstallation,theusagetimeandtheexpectedlosses PPV =W/(GxV) W=dailyelectricityconsumptionin [kWh/d] V=Losses(Cable,energytransformation,mismatching) [nounit] G=Globalradiation[kWh/m/d],conversioninPeakSun Hours [h/d]
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Full load hours Peaksun hours

Horizontalglobalradiation,MaiinBerlin=4,94kWh/m2/d Ahorizontalsurfaceof1mreceive4,94kWh/d CalculationofthefullloadhoursunderStandardTestConditions(STC) radiationof1.000W/m2 fullloadhours=4,94kWh/m2/dx1kW/m=4,94h/d Example 200WattModuleflat(horizontalinclination) 4,94h/dwithnominalradiationof1.000W/m2 Temperature:25C E=4,94h/dx200W=988Wh/d dailyyieldofthemodule
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BatteryLayout Capacity
Principalsofbatterydimensioning Selectionofansuitablebatteryfortheplannedapplication DimensioningofthebatteriesbasedonthePVgeneratorsizeandthe needed/targetedautonomydays Considersummer /winteroperation Capacityofthebatteries:productofdischargecurrantanddischargetime Cn =In xtn [Ah] Usualcalculationcapacities:
C10 stationarybatteries C20 Starterbatteries C100 Solarbatteries
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BatteryLayout Usablecapacity
Thetotalcapacityofabatteryisnotusable deepdischarge(dischargecutout voltage)(below30%) UsablecapacityKn between50and70% AutonomyA(systemusewithoutdischarge)between1and10days Europe: Summer3 4days Winter5 6days Neededbatterycapacity Cn =(WxA)/(Kn xUn [Ah]
WneededEnergyamountinWh AAutonomydaysind Kn Usablecapacity Un systemvoltage
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BatteryLayout Usablecapacity
ExampleW=1000Wh/d,autonomytime3d,Kn =80%,12V Cn =(WxA)/(Kn xUn [Ah]
=(1000Wh/d*3d)/(0,80x12V) =312,5Ah
24Vsystemvoltageg Cn =(WxA)/(Kn xUn)[Ah]

=(1000Wh/d*3d)/(0,80x24V) =156,3Ah
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Usablebatterycapacity
Dependenceofdischargetimeandcurrent
Conversionfactorfor C10 (roleofthumb)

C10 C10 C10 C10 C10 C10
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=C1/0,61 , =C5/0,88 =C10 =C20/1,09 =C100/1,25 =C120/1,28

Quelle:SMA
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Calculationofbatterycapacity
Necessarydataforthecalculation:
TotaldailyconsumptioninWh Systemvoltage(12,24,36or48V) Ambienttemperatureofthebattery autonomydays (numberofdaysonwhichthebatteryhastowork withoutbeeing charged) Depthofdischarge
Caution!
Thesmallerthedepthofdischarge,thelongerthebatterylife. Adischargeoflessthan50%limitsthelifetime(numberofcycles)of thebattery.
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Considerationoftheambient temperatureofthebattery
Ambienttemperaturesunder20degreesCelsius reducesthecapacityofthebattery
20 20 Celsius=optimalambienttemperature 15 Celsius=theavailable capacityisreducedby5%, 10 Celsius=theavailable capacityisreducedby8%, 5 Celsius=theavailable capacityisreducedby10%, 0 Celsius=theavailable capacityisreducedby15%, 5 Celsius=theavailablecapacity isreducedby20%, 10 Celsius=theavailable capacityisreducedby27%, 15 Celsius=theavailable capacityisreducedby32%, 20 Celsius=theavailable capacityisreducedby40%,
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BatteryLayout Optimalworkingconditions
Circumstanceswhichallowahighlifetimeofbatteries!
Batteryhasa remaining capacityof 50%inthe morning Batteryis fullycharged inthe evening
Deepdischarge influencesthelifetimeof thebatterynegatively thushastobeavoided! Usenecessarilyacharge controllerwithdischarge A3 cutoutvoltage(deep discharge)protection!
Batteryis after12 hours50% discharged

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BatteryLayout Ruleofthumb
Chargecurrentapprox.1/10ofthebatterycapacity
i.e.abatterywith100Ahshouldbecharged with10A
Foronemodulewith100Wp,thebatterycapacity shouldbemin.50Ahat12V. e.g.Batterycapacityforamodulewith175Wp: 1,75*50Ah=87Ah,abatterywith12V/100Ahisselected,i.e.a 50%dischargedbatterywillbefullychargedduringtheday

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Designofthebattery
6.dimensioningofthebatteryinfoursteps: 1. Calculatetherequiredwatthoursperdayofeveryconsumer 2. Summingallthewatthoursofindividualconsumers 3. Multiplyingthetotalwatthoursperday with5,whenadeep discharge batteryisused; with ith7,5 7 5,when h a"maintenance " i t free" f " b battery tt is i used; d orwith10,ifitisacarbattery 4. DividetheresultfromStep3bythebatteryvoltage(forexample12V);the resultistherequiredamperehour(Ah)capacityofthebattery(C10 dischargerate,forC100 dischargerate1,5)
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Designofthebattery
6.dimensioningofthebattery:example Requirementsof74Wand324Wh perday,batteryvoltage12V
BatteryFactor carbattery (10) maintenancefree Battery(7,5) deepdischargedBatterie(5) 3240Wh 2430Wh 3240Wh Ahbentigt =Wh /V 270Ah 203Ah 135Ah
Numberofbatteries=Ahneeded /AhBattery :
Ahneeded /AhBattery carbattery 150Ah maintenancefree Battery120Ah deepdischargedBattery150or 75Ah
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NumberofBatteries 2 150Ah 2 120Ah 1150Ah or275Ah
270/150=1,8 203/120=1,69 135/150=0,9 135/75=1,8
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BatteryLayout Dimensioning
DischargecapacityE[Wh]=Pxt=IxUxt Example:batterywith100Ah,12VSystem 100Ahx12V=1.200Wh Example:batterywith100Ah,24VSystem 100Ahx24V=2.400Wh

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Designofthechargecontroller
Selectionoftheappropriatechargecontrollerfortheplanedapplication dimensioningofthechargecontrollerinresponsetotheinputcurrentand thevoltage Note:temperatureandirradiationdepends
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Designofchargecontroller
12V Systemwitha36CellModul and12V Battery
Hotclimate smallsystem Mediumsystem Bigsystem Series Shunt MPPT/ Shunt Coolclimate MPPT MPPT MPPT
Allothersystems:MPPT
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Selection of the charge controller

Proberties Carge contraller areonlyabletorecieve asertain currentfromthemodule andtheloade side Design Thelimitsforthemax.moduleandloadcurrentareusuallysimilar,i.e.ajoint fusecanbeusedforbothcurrents.(Exemptione.g.MPPT20/10) Standardsize:5to45A Voltage:12,24Vor48V,sometimes64V Attantion Bigsystemshavetohavedifferentchargecontrollerstospreadthecurrent.But thecurrentshavetobejoinedatthebatterysidetoavoidtohavedifferent batteryblockswithdifferentusingbehaviourwhichthanmaynotbeused ideal.
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Usage of Chargecontrollers
Connection:
Firstconnectthebattery ThanconnecttheModule Thanconnecttheconsumer Fordisconnectionreverseturn Firstconnectminuspolethanpluspoel PleasetakecareifyouinstalltheCCclosetoaleadacidbattery (oxyhydrogen gas)
Cable
Shortcablefortheconnectiontothebattery!
Slide47
Selectionofchargecontoller
Slide48
page 208
16
ChargecontrollerLayout DatesheetPhocos
Datasheetexample
Slide49
ChargecontrollerLayout DatesheetPhocos
PhocosSML series
Slide50
Inverterlayout DatasheetVictron
Slide51
page 209
17
CableLayout Dimensioning
Dimensioningofthecablesbasedonthecurrantandthevoltageaswellasthe usedcablematerial
LP Cross section Acalc. = 0,03 V

Aber L P 0,03 V = cable bl cross section ti = cable length (positive cable + negative cable = length x2) = Power transferred in the cable = Loss factor KCu = 56 m / mm = system voltage KAlu = 34 m / mm = Kappa - electrical conductivity
Slide52
CableLayout Dimensioning
Cabledimesioningbaseonthefollowingformular: A=0,0175xLxP/(fk xU)
Definitionen
A 0,0175 L P Fk U
Slide53
=cablecrosssectioninmm =spec.el.Resistanceofcopper[Ohmxmm/m] =cablelength(positivecable+negativecable=lengthx2)m =PowertransferredinthecableinW =Lossfactor(usually3%)=0,03 =systemvoltageV

Cablelength
Photovoltaik generator 500Wp Laderegler Khlschrank 50W Akkumulator
Lampe 9W Steckdose120W
Slide54
page 210
18
Powerloadofcables
mm 1,5 2,5 4 6 10 16 25 35 50 70 Group1 15 20 25 33 45 61 83 103 132 165 Group2 18 26 34 44 61 82 108 135 168 207 Group3 24 32 42 54 73 98 129 158 198 245
Group1: Oneorseveralsinglecore cablesinstalledinaprotection tube Group2: Multicore cable Group3: Singlecorecableopenair installation,wherebythe cableshavetobeinstalled withdistanceinbetween whichismin.asbigascable crosssection
Slide55
55
Suggestedcablecrosssectionfor12 VSystems(3%)
Power transferred in n the cable in W bertragene eLeistung inW
Total cable lenght plus and minus cable

GesamteLeitungslnge:PlusleiterundMinusleiterinm
Slide56
Suggestedcablecrosssectionfor24V Systems(3%)
Power transferred in n the cable in W
bertragene eLeistunginW
Total cable lenght plus and minus cable

GesamteLeitungslnge:PlusleiterundMinusleiterinm
Slide57
page 211
19
Designof offgrid inverters

Selectionofasuitableinverterfortheplannedapplication Designoftheinverteraccordingtheneededpowerandvoltageandtheself consumptionoftheinverter Powerreservehastobeincluded Overloadcapabilityisneeded(topufferstartingcurrents)
Slide58
IslandInverters/Offgridinverters
CalculationofthenominalpowerPacnenn:
NominalpowerWR= Sumofnominalpowerofthe consumers+contingencyreserve contingencyreserve=
(Amountofconsumers withhigh startingpower,whichareusedat thesametime)
Slide59
Standalone inverter
Calculationofminimumcapacity
Minimumcapacity[Ah]
Pnom Inverter Unom Battery 12V 12V 12V 12V 24V 24V 48V 48V 48V Min.battery capacity >100Ah >200Ah >400Ah >800Ah >400Ah >700Ah >350Ah >500Ah >700Ah
=Pac/UDC *5h
200W 500W 1.000W
example:
Inverterpower Pacnenn =7000W Systemvoltage UDcnenn =48V Minimumcapacity: =>C10 =7000W/48V*5h=730Ah
Slide60
2.000W 2.000W 3.500W 3.500W 5.000W 7.000W
page 212
20
IslandInverters/Offgridinverters
Slide61
Fuses
Battery Consumer
Slide62
Fuses
Slide63
page 213
21
Offgridprojects Exampleforoffgrid systemdesignfromBolivia
page 214
Offgridprojects Exampleforoffgrid systemdesignfrom Bolivien

Folie1
Guajchono,Bolivien
Noelectricityaccess CommunityofGuajchono, ProvinceofLarecaja, DepartmentofLaPaz 3hdrivingdisstance from thecapitalLaPaz,street accesable allover theyear
Folie2
DCDesignexample Guajchono,Bolivien
Folie3
page 215
3h from La Paz
Folie4
Folie5
DCDesignexampleGuajchono,Bolivia Consumption
Thecommunityisspreadtoabigarea,destination betweensinglehousesofupto500m Communityrequests45SHS Typicalhouseholdconsumption
Consumer Lampen TV (<19) DVD Player Radio Handyladegert
Folie6
Powerin 18W 60W 25W 5W 6W
Amount 3 1 1 1 1
Dailyoperation 1 2,5 2 5 2
page 216
DCDesignexampleGuajchono,Bolivia Globalradiation
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
Jul
Aug Sep
Oct Nov Dec
Berlin
0,60 1,23 2,35 3,70 4,94 5,31 5,09 4,39 3,00 1,68 0,71 0,44 2,79 1021
Guajchono, 4,68 4,77 4,57 4,36 4,07 3,92 3,95 4,41 4,69 5,07 5,05 4,93 4,54 1657 Bolivien
WertefrBolivien von: https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/cgibin/sse/retscreen.cgi?email=rets%40nrcan.gc.ca&step=1&lat=15.17&lon= 67.39&submit=Submit

Folie7
DCDesignexampleGuajchono,Bolivia Globalradiation
Guajchono,Bolivia
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4,68 4,77 4,57 4,36 4,07 3,92 3,95 4,41 4,69 5,07 5,05 4,93
Folie8
Climatedates: NASARETScreen
https://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/sse/RETScreen
Folie9
An nual Sum
Avarage A
page 217
ClimatedatesGuajchono: NASARETScreen
Folie10
ClimatedatesGuajchono: NASARETScreen
Folie11
Systemcomponents
UsethecomponentsfromtheSHSBSB90Wsystem, seethedatasheetsinthehandouts PreventGmbH,SM53690,monocrystalline 90W, 12W Certo AGM12V80Ah Solartronics 600WpPowerinverter,DC12VtoAC 220240V Steca PR1010,12/24V
Folie12
page 218
FallstudieGuajchono,Bolivien Verbraucher
Verbraucher Leistung in Anzahl Gesamtleist Tglicher Anzahl der Verbrauch ung in Nutzungsstunden in proTag [h/d] 18W 60W 25W 5W 6W 3 1 1 1 1 1 2,5 2 5 2 [W] 54W 60W 25W 5W 6W 150W [Wh/d] 54 150 50 25 12 291Wh/d
[W] Lampen V (<19) DVD Player Radio Handyladegert TOTAL
Folie13
page 219

page 220
Offgridprojects CasestudyHurghada
page 221
Offgridprojects CasestudyHurghada
Folie1
CasestudypartIIIHughada designtask
PrepareafulldesignforoffgridPVsystemsforthebungalows inHughada Pleasecalculatetheconsumptionandtheneededmodule andinverterpower. PleasedesignacompleteoffgridPVsystemforoneofthe10 b bungalows l including i l di the th design d i of fthe th different diff tcomponents t Modules Inverter Batteries Chargecontroller Cable
Folie2
CasestudypartIIIHughada components
UsethecomponentsfromtheGIZsystem,seethe datasheetsinthehandouts MK8A31DTbattery Phocos solarchargecontroller MeanWellpowerinverter Centrosolar S320P36ultramodules
Folie3
page 222
CasestudypartIIIHughada Customerinformation
Usetheday3presentationcasestudypartIIfor detailedinformationofthecustomerandlocation Solarradiation Consumerpowercalculation Specialclientdemands Etc. Workingroupsandprepareapostertopresentyour solution
Folie4
page 223

page 224
Quality Assurance Quotation review and cost structures

QualityAssurance Quotationreview andcoststructures
Dr.Ing.MatthiasKlauss DeutscheGesellschaftfrSonnenenergie
Slide1
Content
RALqualityassurancesystem ExamplesforQuotations QuotationEnergtica (Bolivia) Quotation Q t ti Kamworks K k Khampong Kh Th Thom QuotationLaos Systemprices Batterycalculation
Slide2
QuotationsaccordingtoRAL
1. 2. 3. 4 4. 5. 6. Generalinformation Offercontent Offertext O t tdi Output directory t Closinginformation Appendicesofanoffer
Slide3
page 226
Germanqualityassurance systems
Enterprisebasedcertification PVSystembasedcertification
QualitySealSolar RALGZ966since11/2005
Slide4
BSWSystemPass Since03/2009inallofGermany
Germanqualityassurance systems
Thesealmeansmorethanjustquality! Sealapprovalmeansassuranceforaconstant andneutrallymonitoredhighqualityof productsandservices Integratedapproach Protectingthechain RALqualitysealsidentifyproductsandservices thatareproducedorofferedaccordingtohigh setqualitystandards
Slide5
Productionchain
Rawmaterials Production BidProposal Planning C ll for Calls f Tenders T d Installation Operation +Education +Economiccalculation Maintenance Recycling
Slide6
page 227
Approach:Integration
RALUZ73 Solar Collectors
EU Solar Keymark
Goal:goodprofessionalpractice withalegallybindingdefinition
Slide7
Germanqualityassurance systemsforconstruction
Background: AcommoninstitutionoftheGermaneconomic andfederalinstitutionsthatassessesqualityof productsandservicesindependentlyandinan unbiasedmannersince1925 Goals: Truthandclarityforbusinessrelationships. Establishtechnicaldeliveryconditions Market:Over180qualitysealsareactiveonthe market
Slide8
Truthandclarity
Thequalitysealbundlestheinternational,national andregionalstandardsandregulationsfromthearea ofsolarenergy Content: Itdesignatestechnicaldeliveryconditionsfor components,concept,installation,serviceand operationofsolarthermalandphotovoltaicsystems Legallyrelevant: AnorderaccordingtoRALGZ966createsalegal securitybymeansofalegallybindingtechnical specification(responsibilityhandbook)
Slide9
page 228
GoalsoftheGermanquality assurancesystemsforsolar
Legallybindingdefinitionofgoodprofessional practice Legallybindingtechnicaldeliveryconditionsfor callsfortendersandbids Constantadaptationofthequalityrequirements fortechnicaladvancements
Slide10
ClassesofGermanqualityassurance systems
P1Components (Producer) (Planner) (Craftsman)
Areaof photovoltaic
P2Concept P3Installation
P4Maintenance/Service(Operator/Maintenance)
S1Components
(Producer) (Planner) (Craftsman)
Areaof solarthermal
S2Concept S3Installation
S4Maintenance/Service(Operator/Maintenance)
Slide11
ThedifferencebetweenRAL andotherseals,i.e.TV
RALqualityassurancesealsarecreatedthroughintensive exchangebetweentheindustry,approvalandconsumer protectionagencies,asopposedtoTV.com,VDEGS,LGAor othersealsinthepublicjurisdiction.Theycanbeenforcedby law Theycanbeusedaslegallybindingtechnicaldelivery conditionsforcallsfortendersandbids
Slide12
page 229
Howdoesitwork? Simple!
Ifthefollowingparagraphisagreeduponcontractclosingthen thetechnicalcontentsofthequalityassurancetest requirementsarealegalcontractualbasis: OrderaccordingtoRALGZ966forcomponentsofsolar technology ConceptaccordingtoRALGZ966forplanningworkand prognosisofsolartechnology InstallationaccordingtoRALGZ966fortheinstallationof solarsystems
Slide13
Advantagesforexpertsand customers
Publicapprovalprotocolfreeofchargeforeveryone Thefollowingformsareincludedinyourhandouts RALP2Quotation RALP2Siteassessment RALP3A Acceptance t report t RALP3Customerinstruction
Slide14
4.QuotationsaccordingtoRAL
Pos. Nr. numb er unit description price total price Lieferung: 1 1 general Delivery of the complete photovoltaic array sure and safe delivery appropriate for term, check of all components, perhaps transport assurance Whole price of the area of Delivery o po e te Komponenten: 2 20
piece
Modules Manufacturer (name), type (name), nominal achievement Cell type (mono and polycrystalline / thin layer...) Manufacturer's guarantee Technical data sheet in the appendix Solar lines, electric material, Verlegesystem, Manufacturer , type (names) management cross sections, management lengths information to suitability (temperature, UV...) if available data sheets in the appendix Inverter Manufacturer , type (name) nominal achievement manufacturer's guarantee time during years technical data sheet in the appendix
piece
General
Slide15
page 230
5 1 general, piece Mounting system Manufacturer (name), type (name) material (high-grade steel, aluminium...) information for licensings, static check if available data sheet in the appendix Protective facilities Manufacturer (name), type (names) free counter DC, protections(backups), ground, potential balance... Electric material, counter place / box (name), ), type yp (name) ( ) Manufacturer ( Whole price of the area of Components Montage: 8 1
general, piece
general
general
Building site equipment e.g., construction carriage, WC, crane, scaffolding, roadblock... Mounting of the complete photovoltaic arrangement Construction of the assembly system; module assembly; management transfer; change judge's assembly; connection of all components; introduction whole arrangement;...
general
Slide16
Whole price of the area of Mounting Sonstiges: 10 1
General , hours
Works before the installation beginning (Construction preparation) e.g., continuance documentation, dismantling, bricklayer, moving rebuilding works for the purpose of shade , renovation works... Information hourly sentence Installation of the plant Registration of the whole arrangement with responsible distribution network operator Entire documentation Data sheets d. Components, certificates, guarantee certificates, roof plan with module allocation, module boarding and change judge's allocation... Whole price of the area of Other
11 12
1 1
general general
13
general
Slide17
optionale Positionen: 14 1 piece 15 16 1 1 piece general, piece Lengthening of manufacturer's guarantee Guarantee (n) of the installation company Surge protection Assembly places, manufacturer (names), type (names), mounting, small parts Lightning protection measures Assembly places, manufacturer (names), type (names), mounting, small parts Monitoring system Manufacturer (name), type (name), mounting, small parts Profit forecast Economic efficiency forecast Assurance Assembly assurance, material assurance, profit failure assurance... general, piece Stream counter belonging to customer Manufacturer (name), type (name) Mounting, small parts
17
general, piece
18
general, piece
19 20 21
1 1 1
22
Slide18
page 231
ExampleQuotation1 LojpayaBoliviaVersion1
Quotation Energtica Version1 Exceltable
Slide19
ExampleQuotation1 LojpayaBolivienVersion1
Slide20
ExampleQuotation1 LojpayaBolivienVersion2
Uponrequest: 2ndversionofthe offer nodatasheetsor similarinformation
Slide21
page 232
ExampleQuotation2 HouneDistrict,Laos,Version1
1stversionof theoffer
nodatasheets unreasonable prices nomaterial names
Slide22
1stversionofthe offerwith commentsfrom DGSwassent backtoSunlabob RE
Slide23
Detailsoftheofferwithcomments
QTY 2 Position Solarmodul50 W LadereglerCX 10A12/24V Haze Batterie Gel55 Ah12V Energiespar lampen Installationsmat erial(Set) Preis / Stck $364,87 Preisgesamt $729,74 AnmerkungenDGS World marketpricedatthistimewere$3/W,why$7,3? Manufacturer,modelandwarranty informationis missing Manufacturer,modelinformationismissing HazeAGMBattery have 5or12yearwarranty, what here?Why thisinformationismissing?
2 2 6 2
$33,74 $142,78 $10,68 $90,00
$67,48 $285,56 67,08 $180,00
Installation material costs$90for50W,here$1,8/W. Evenhighqualitystainless steelmountingsystemscost <$0,2/W Why?
Slide24
page 233
2ndversionof theoffer: withrealistic prices with datasheets
Slide25
ExampleQuotation3 KhampongThom,Kambodscha
OfferKampongThom with letter introduction calculation Projektsketch appendices
Slide26
ExampleQuotation3 KhampongThom,Kambodscha
OfferKampongThom appendices Systemdesign sketch Materiallistwithprices datasheets
Slide27
page 234
Summary
Offersareoftenincompleteandthecontentis wrong Onlycompleteoffersarecompareable Askforcompleteoffers Checkthedesignoraskanexpert
Slide28
Systemprices
SystemID PriceperW EXWErfurt PriceperW saleBolivia PPV inW PINV inW batterycapacitySystem TotalPrice inAh voltageinV perWsale Bolivia 90Wp 600W 600W 600W 500W 500W 80Ah 17Ah 160Ah 80Ah 200Ah 200Ah 400Ah 400Ah 600Ah 12V 12V 12V 12V 12V 24V 24V 24V $1.158,26 $956,60 $1.529,62 $1.155,73 $2.771,73 $4.016,39 $6.924,02 $9.241,29
SHSBSB90p SHSBSB120p SHSBSB240pp SHSBSB555 SHSBSB555 SHSBSB555 SHSBSB1110 SHSBSB1665 SHSBSB2220
$7,53 $4,80 $3,78 $3,73 $2,98 $4,31 $3,70 $3,31 $3,25
$8,55
$5,30 120Wp $4,23 240Wp $4,15 185Wp $3,32 555Wp
$4,81 555Wp 1000W $4,14 1110Wp 1000W $3,69 1665Wp 2000W $3,54 2220Wp 2000W
24V $11.844,19
Slide29
Systemprices ComponentsPart1
System ID SHSBSB555 PriceperW Modules Batteries Inverter ChargeController Accessoires EXWErfurt N type N type N type Ntype N type 11StecaPR3030 1Systembox $3,73 11units:UPM185M, 11units Certo 1Solartronics 600Wp 12/24V Upsolar 185Wp Powerinverter,DC AGM12V 12VtoAC220240 V 80Ah $2,98 33units:UPM185M, 11units Certo 11Steca PR3030 1Systembox 11unit Steca Solarix Upsolar 185Wp PI550,500WInverter 12/24V AGM12V power 200Ah $4,31 33units:UPM185M, 22unitsCerto 11unit Steca Solarix 11Steca PR3030 1Systembox Upsolar 185Wp PI1100,1000 W 12/24V AGM12V 200Ah Inverterpower 22Steca PR3030 2Systembox 11unitStecaSolarix $3,70 66units:UPM185M, 44unitsCerto 12/24V PI1100,1000 W Upsolar 185Wp AGM12V Inverterpower 200Ah 3Systembox $3,31 99units:UPM185M, 44unitsCerto 22unitStecaSolarixPI 33Steca PR3030 Upsolar 185Wp 1100,2000 WInverter 12/24V AGM12V power 200Ah 66unitsCerto $3,25 1212units:UP 4Systembox 22unitStecaSolarixPI 44Steca PR3030 M185M,Upsolar 1100,2000 WInverter 12/24V AGM12V 185Wp power 200Ah
SHSBSB555
SHSBSB555
SHSBSB1110
SHSBSB1665
SHSBSB2220
Slide30
page 235
10
Systemprices ComponentsPartII
System ID SHSBSB90p PriceperW Modules Batteries EXWErfurt N type N type 1Certo AGM $7,53 1PreventGmbH,SM 12V80Ah 53690, monocrystalline 90W12V $4,80 1120Wpdoplado 1Certo AGM 12V17Ah $3,78 1BoschcSiM60,240 W 22units Certo AGM12V 80Ah Inverter ChargeController Accessoires N type 1Systembox N type Ntype 1StecaPR1010, 1Solartronics 600Wp 12/24V Powerinverter,DC 12VtoAC220240 V 1Solartronics 600Wp Powerinverter,DC 12VtoAC220240 V 1Solartronics 600Wp Powerinverter DC Powerinverter, 12VtoAC220240 V 1StecaPR1010, 12/24V 1StecaPR2020 12/24V
SHSBSB120p
1Systembox
SHSBSB240pp
1cable,fuses,etc.
Slide31
Pricesofselectedcomponents
Modules Upsolar UPM185B Prevent GmbH,SM53690W Prevent GmbH60Wfoldable 120Wfoldable Battery Certro AGM12V17Ah Certo AGM12V80Ah Certo AGM12V200Ah Inverter Steca PI550 StecaPI1100 Solartronics 600Wp PriceEXWBSB charge controler 120,00 90,00 60,00 Steca MPPT2010 120,00 Steca PR1010 Steca PR2020 50,00 Steca PR3030 155,00 Assesories 365,00 Box60W/120Wportable 120,00 Box90Wportable system 120,00 120,00 320,00 Box90Wplugandplay 500,00 60,00 Prices EXW Erfurt 160,00 75,00 100,00 , 125,00
Slide32
ExerciseBatteryselection
Dailyconsumption:2kWh Systemvoltage:24V Autonomydays:2 Pleasecalculatetheneededbatterycapacityandcomparethe pricesofdifferentbatterytypes(InvestmentvspriceperkWh)
Capacity Battery Amountofcycles TotalPrice price/cycle price/kWh
Slide33
page 236
11
Maintenance of off-grid solar systems

Maintenanceofoffgridsolar systems
UCB 2013
Slide1
Content
Maintenance modules cables Batteries Batteries Typicalfailures
Slide2
Example
Slide3
page 238
Example
Slide4
Example
Slide5
Example
Slide6
page 239
Example
Slide7
Example
Slide8
Example
Slide9
page 240
Example
Slide10
Example
Slide11
Example
Slide12
page 241
Example
Slide13
Example
Slide14
Example
Slide15
page 242
Maintenanceofmodules
Inspectionofthefixing externaldamages(glass,frameetc.) connection cables Inspectionofthevegetation(shadingsetc.) cleanthemodules
withclearwateronly
Nocleaningagents!
Slide16
Maintenanceofcables
checkforbrokencables checkforsharpedges checktheconnections
source: http://m.photovoltaik.eu/typo3temp/pics/7ca2fe803b.jpg
Slide17
MaintenanceofCCandbatteries
Chargecontroller
connection clean
Consumers
function cables clean
Battery
Slide18
GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. greasedconnectionofthebatteries DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de inspection of the contacts
page 243
ProblemsandFailures ExampleSHS(offgrid)surveyinThailand
Incorrectinstallations
Slide19
Problemsfoundduring trainingsurveys
Installationerror:Batteryfailurecausedbysolarpanel installationinshadylocation
14:00 Saw Kre Ka village, Tha Song Yang District

Slide20
Problemsfoundduringfield trips(January2008)
Shaded Settleddust
Slide21
page 244
Problemsfoundduring trainingsurveys
Installationerror:Badpanellocations
Installationerror
Slide22
ProblemsandFailures Germany
Slide23
PVInstallations2010 approx.7,5Gigawatt
Quelle: Assekuranz Liesenberg
Slide24
page 245
Quelle: Mannheimer Versicherung
Slide25
Slide26
Slide27
page 246
Slide28
Slide29
Slide30
page 247
10
Slide31
Slide32
Slide33
page 248
11
Slide34 34 05.09.2013 Prsentation TV Rheinland
Slide35
Slide36
page 249
12
Slide37
Quelle: Keilholz Solarklima

Slide38
page 250
13

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PhotovoltaicoffgridSystems IntroductoryCourse DateandLocation: September9 132013, Egypt,Cairo Presentations Day03

Dr.-Ing. Matthias Klauss

SHSexampleLojpaya installationofaoffgrid PVpowerplantfora healthcenterinBolivia

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

GermanSolarEnergySocietye.V. DGSThuringia thueringen@dgs.de_www.dgsthueringen.de

Off-grid projects Data collection and concept development

Dr.-Ing. Matthias Klauss

Offgridprojects Datacollectionand conceptdevelopment

LVThringender DeutschenGesellschaftfrSonnenenergiee.V. thueringen@dgs.de _www.dgsthueringen.de

LVThringender DeutschenGesellschaftfrSonnenenergiee.V. thueringen@dgs.de _www.dgsthueringen.de

LVThringender DeutschenGesellschaftfrSonnenenergiee.V. thueringen@dgs.de _www.dgsthueringen.de