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Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013


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onf/

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

HIV? wDbDESifh iSufzsm;a&m*grsm;twGuf vkyfief;aqmif&GufrnfhtzJGUrsm;tm; SMDG axmufyHhrnf


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10

Health

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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vS L 'gef ; rI r sm;tjyif tjcm;
aqmif&Gufrnhf vkyfief;rsm;udk
a&Tyg&rDusef;rma&;azmifa'l;
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wGif ajymMum;cJhonf/
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usef;rma&;azmifa';&Sif;wGif
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pnf; jzpfonf/
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d f
a&m*grsm;udyk g aqmif&u
G af y;cJh
aMumif; owif;&&Sdonf/

Vol.12,
Vol.10,
No.26
No.13
September
June 16, 4
2011
, 2013

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12

Regional

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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rnfh zkef;rsm;udkomtrsm;pk pdwf
0ifpm;aeonf/

13

Regional

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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14

Regional

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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onf/

16

Education

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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17

Opportunity

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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3. Training

M (20) Posts

4. Hk;0efxrf;

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(Japan bmomjzifh bJGU&ol)

Power Support Services Co.,Ltd

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3. Tour Operator

zkef;-01 380602

1. Reservation Staff F (3) Posts


2. Tour Operator

M/F (1) Post

M/F (1) Post

(German bmomjzifh bJGU&ol)


Tel: (95-9)73589999
Email: office@asiacentrallink.com
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tvkd&dSonf
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-------------------------------------------------The Fingers Food Garden

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0efxrf;tvdk&dSonf

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F (3) Posts

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F (5) Posts

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4/ taxGaxG? ta&mif;0efxrf;
r(2) OD;
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3. Cashier

F (2) Posts

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4. Nurse-Aid

F (10) Posts

5. vHkNcHKa&;0efxrf;

M (5) Posts

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zkef;- 01 384042

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zkef;- 01 2304344

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0efxrf;tjreftvkd&dSonf

0efxrf;tvkd&dSonf

3. Driver

F (3) Posts

(1) Post

M (3) Posts

www.myanmarredcrossocietv.org

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--------------------------------------------------

1. Website Development Trainer

1. Marketing Supervisor F (1) Post

1. Tour Department (5) Posts

M/F (2) Posts

2. Sales & Marketing


3. Driver(a&mif;armif;)

Peace House Tour & Travel

2. Ticketing Department (5) Posts

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Good Command of English is a must.

M/F (1) Post

--------------------------------------------------

2. Marketing Staff

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1/ refae*sm
usm; (1) OD;
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vpmaiG-50000 usyftjyif aumfr
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-------------------------------------------------EASIA TRAVEL, MYANMAR


1. Sales

(5) Posts

2. Chief Accountant (1) Post


Good Command of English

3. Admin Staff

F (1) Post

--------------------------------------------------

PH: 01 8550610

M/F (1) Post

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--------------------------------------------------

0efxrf;tjreftvdk&dSonf

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4. Admin Assistance

M/F (5) Posts

--------------------------------------------------

5. uRrf;usif,mOfarmif; (3) Posts

zkef;- 01 663901

1. B.E (Electrical Power) M (2) Posts

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trsdK;orD;pufcsKyfuRrf;usif(tjref)
tvkd&dSonf/zkef;- 09 31559817

2. B.Tech (EP)

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1. Marketing Executive (10) Posts

M (3) Posts

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r (2) OD;
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zkef;- 09 421164227

2. Computer Operator M/F (5) Posts

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Light Truck? ukefwif,mOf armif;Ekdif&

PH: 09 5053460

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,mOfarmif;tvkd&dSonf

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F/M (7) Posts

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zkef;- 05 5093015

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Tel: 01 251935

Room-B(228),Muditar Condo, Baho

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F (2) Posts

2. Cashier

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(2) Posts

M/F (2) Posts

2. Accountant

1. Resources Mobilization Officer

tif;pdef/ (9.9.2013)aemufqHk;/

3. Graphic Designer

Street, Mayangone Township.

1.Lab Technician M/F (2) Posts

1. Receptionist M (2) Posts

2. Marketing Manager (1) Post

3.Medical Imaging Technologist

--------------------------------------------------

6. taxGaxG0efxrf; M (5) Posts

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F (4) Posts

2. Accountant

F (2) Posts

3. Cashier

F (1) Post

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zkef;- 09 36137724

topfzGifhvSpfvdkufonfh tcrJhtvkyfac:aMumfjimu@wGif xnfhoGif;vdkygu 7Day News *sme,fwdkufodkY uGefysLwmpmdkufNyD; (1.5"x 2") xufrBuD;aomt&G,ftpm;jzifhvma&mufay;ydkYEdkifygonf/
trSefwu,f0efxrf;ac:,lvdkolrsm;om ,cku@udktokH;jyK&ef arwm&yfcHtyfygonf/

18

Regional

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

Adv
k cf sKyfrLS ;BuD; rif;atmifvidI f ajymaom jyifO;D vGiu
f ]*Javmif;acsmif;}
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acsmif; tygt0if a&Ekwaf jrmif;
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I.C.S) onf jrefrmjynftif*sifeD

,mcsKyf ? rp w m[G d K if ; azmuf


( Mr.Hoy Fox, A.R.I.B Chief
Engineer) ESifhtwl jyifOD;vGif
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onf/ /

19

Commodity Watch

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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[ef;qufaps;EIef;rsm;
Samsung

iPhone

Model Price

Model

Price

Galaxy Y
Galaxy GIO
Galaxy Ace
Galaxy Ace Plus
Galaxy Ace 2
Galaxy S Advance
Galaxy S2
Galaxy S3
Galaxy Note II
Galaxy Tab 7.1

iPhone 5 (64 GB)


iPhone 5 (32 GB)
iPhone 5 (16 GB)
iPhone 4s (64 GB)
iPhone 4s (16 GB)

850,000
710,000
635,000
525,000
480,000

93,000
120,000
138,000
175,000
185,000
235,000
300,000
435,000
470,000
285,000

Huawei
Model Price

YANGON MOBILE qdkifrS aps;EIef;rsm;jzpf

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HTC
Model

Price

One X
Sensation XL
Desire VC

400,000
362,000
240,000

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C 8800
C 8812
C 8810
T 8830
U 8818 D
U 8951
Y 300 C
C 8950 D
U 8950 D
Ascend P1

87,000
105,000
97,000
106,000
110,000
125,000
102,000
170,000
165,000
225,000

Mo*kwf(31)&uf aps;EIef;rsm;jzpfNyD; aps;EIef;tajymif;tvJ&SdEdkifonf/

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armf',f aps;EIef;(usyf)

Samsung (Smart LED)

S5500AR

Panasonic(LCD)

590,000

32SC4S 275,000

Sony (LCD)

35BX

300,000

Sony (LED)

32EX33

340,000

Samsung

BD-E 5500(Blu-ray 3D)

120,000

EVD (GE)

HDMI

35,000

EVD (AEK)

HDMI

33,000

DVD

a&wGufykH aps;EIef;(usyf)

qef(ay:qef;arT;)
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c&rf;csOfoD; (tif;oD;)
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Samsung
RT25FGJA 350,000
ig;Muif;
Samsung
19PTIX 194,000
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Hitachi
190W
250,000
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Panasonic
NR.BT224 250,000
Washing
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Samsung WA95V 185,000

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WT10J 175,000
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Aircon

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Hitachi

1.0HP(RAS-E1067)

Mitsubishi

290,000

1.0HP(Heavy) 250,000

Samsung (1.0HP)AS09TUQN 245,000

bdvyfajr (,dk;',m; qifwHqdyf)

wpftdwf
5600
wpftdwf 5500
wpftdwf
4850
wpftdwf 5200
wpfvkH;
95
wpfvkH;
80
wpfvkH;
90
wpfvHk;
70-80
wpfusif; 11000
wpfusif;
7000
wpfusif; 60000
1 ay
550
1 ay
620
1 ay
830
1 ay
880
1 ay
880
1 ayEIef;
440
1 ay
300
1 ayEIef;
310
wpftdwf
1100

bdvyfajr (,dk;',m; INSee)


bdvyfajr (BuH)
bdvyfajr (AAAD,uferf)
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aejynfawmf puftkwf (10 ayguf)
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umvmpwD;trdk;jym; 4 angle(0.312mm)
umvmpwD;trdk;jym; 4 angle(0.36mm)
umvmpwD;trkd;jym; 4 angle(0.346mm)
umvmpwD;trdk;jym; 4 angle(0.4mm)
Posco Mu,fpdrf;
dk;dk;oGyfrdk;jym;(ae&Sife,f 9/10 ay)
dk;dk;oGyfrdk;jym;(ae&Sife,f 11/12 ay)
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1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm
1 ydm

2300-2700
2400-2800
3300-3600
2600-2800
3000-4300
12000-26000
1600-2000

"mwfqD 'DZ,f
1 Litre

a&wGufykH aps;EIef;

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Capital ESifh OK jrefrmqdkifwdkYrS aumuf,lxm;jcif;jzpfonf/

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1000-1600
1000-1300
600-800
3400
1600
4000
100
900
1500-2000
1200
1300
700
550-750
600-750
120-130
1300
5000
8000
6000
6000
11000
300
4500

1 Litre

Octane

Premier

1 Litre

1 Litre

Aug(26)

815 920 920 940

Aug(27)

815 920 920 940

Aug(28)

815 920 920 940

Aug(29)

815 920 920 940

Aug(30)

815 920 920 940

Aug(31)

815 920 920 940

Sep (1)

815

yk*vdupufokH;qDqdkifrsm;rS
tenf;i,f &SdEdkifonf/

920

920

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940

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Note Book
Lenovo
Intel Core i3 1.7GHz,4GB DDR3,750GB HDD,1GB VGA, 14" 616,000
Intel Core i3 2.5GHz,4GBx1slotDDR3,1TB HDD,2GB VGA,14'' 714,000
Intel Core i5 2.2 GHz, 4GB DDR3, 1TB HDD,15.6''

861,000

Intel Core i7 2.3 GHz, 8GB DDR3, 1TB HDD,2GB VGA,15.6" 1028,000
ASUS
Intel Core i3 1.8 GHz, 4GB DDR3, 500GB HDD,14"

489,000

Intel Core i3 1.8 GHz, 4GB DDR3, 500GB HDD, HD,14"

606,000

Intel Core i5 1.8 GHz,8GB DDR3,750GB+4GB SSD,HD,15.6" 871,000


Intel Core i7 2.4 GHz,16GB DDR3, 1TB HDD, 15.6"

1616,000

MSI
Intel Core i3 2.3 GHz, 2GB DDR3, 500GB HDD, HD,14"

457,000

Intel Core i5 2.5 GHz,2GB DDR3,500GB HHD,1GB VGA, 14" 619,000


Intel Core i5 2.6GHz,4GB DDR3, 500GD HDD,15.6''
Intel Core i7 2.4 GHz, 8GB DDR3, 750GB HDD, 15.6"

667,000
1043,000

20

Interview

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Vol.12,
Vol.9,No.26
No.29 September
October 7,42010
, 2013

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23

Commentary

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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vdkygaMumif;/ /

24

Novel

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

(,ciftywfrS tquf)

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25

Article

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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26

Opinion
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7Day News *sme,fwkduf

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Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Vol.12,
Vol.9,No.26
No.29 September
October 7,42010
, 2013

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28

Business

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

pmrsufESm( 27) rS

pmrsufESm( 27) rS

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29

News Analysis

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

tdEd,pD;yGm;a&; tvm;tvmESihf OD;wnf&m


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ppfavhvmolrsm;u qdyk gonf/
&v'fvnf;wlnDrnf[k arQmf
vihf&ygonf/
Ref: India's economic
slowdown sparks crisis talk

30

Knowledge

7DAY

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

BOOK
R E V I E W

pufwifbm 4 &ufrS pufwifbm 10 &uftxd

ARIES

rd&moDzGm; (rwf21-{NyD20)

Taurus

Nyd&moDzGm; ({NyD21-ar21)

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ysuf,Gif;&wwfonf/ vl,Hkxm;r&yg/ tNydKiftqkdifrsm;ESifh xdyfwdkufawGU&wwfonf/

pm&Gupf mwrf;udp? aiGaMu;udpr eS o


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f qkid Mf um;rS wufvrf;&&Srd nf/

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taESmift
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vlYtcGifhta&;udk umuG,frIr&Sdwm[m vlYtcGifh
ta&;vIyf&Sm;rIawG&JU tm;enf;csufwpfckjzpf
w,fqkdwmyJ}[k aemifcsKdopfu a&;om;xm;
onf/ pmtkyfudk Myanmar Knowledge Society
ujzefYcsdNyD; wefzdk; 2500 usyfjzpfonf/

AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef; pGrf;pGrf;wrH &,lay;cJh


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yursm;? jynfyajcxkd;rIrsm;? jynfwGif;ppfrsm;
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OD;Ekvnf; tusOf;axmifodkYa&mufcJh&onf/
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pma&;q&m? Ak'0g'D? awmfvSefa&;orm;ponfh
qefYusifbuf tajctaersm; jzwfoef;cJh&onf
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aphaphpyfpyf aoaocsmcsm avhvmIjrifa&;om;
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aom OD;Ek\ZmwfkyfpHkudk odjrifavhvmEdkifrnf
jzpfonf/ waumif;pmtkyw
f u
kd u
f wefz;kd 4000
usyf jzifh jzefYcsdonf/

Gemini

arxkef&moDzGm; (ar 22-ZGef 21)

aumif;aomtajymif;tvJ&rdS nf/ wk;d wufr&I rdS nf/ vlrsK;d uGt


J usK;d ay;rnf/ vkyif ef;ae&mtajymif;t
a&TU&Srd nf/ ypn;f aysmuf&w
S wfonf/ vl0ifvx
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rsm;jzpfwwfonf/ qH;k jzwfcsurf mS ; aiGuek rf nf/ aiGaMu;tay;t,lrmS ;,Gi;f wwfonf/ rdbtBuD;
tuJ usef;rma&;twGuf pdwfylaomua&muf&udef;&Sdrnf/

Cancer

u&u#f&moDzGm; (ZGef 22-Zlvkdif 22)

tbufbufraS umif;aomtaetxm;odYk OD;wnfvmrnf/ tBuHtpnfatmifjrifrnf/ aiGaMu;uH


aumif;rnf/ vufveG x
f m;aom aiGypn;f rsm; jyefvnf&&Srd nf/ vkyif ef;tqif?h 0ifaiGtqifw
h ;dk wuf
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k w
f idk w
f iG v
f nf;aumif;? rdom;pkwiG f
vnf;aumif; jynfyc&D;oGm;jcif; vlrsK;d uGEJ iS hf vkyif ef;vkyu
f ikd jf cif;rsm;wGif xl;jcm;aom tusK;d &&Srd nf/

LEO

od[f&moDzGm; (Zlvkdif23-Mo*kwf23)

aumif;ra,mifEiS hf qk;d onf/ rlvpDpOfxm;onfu


h pd r eS o
f rQtvGv
J t
JG acsmaf csmjf zpfaernf/ apwem
a0'emjzpfaernf/ olrsm;jyem udk,fhjyemjzpfwwfonf/ &ef? tNydKif? remvdkolrsm;ESifh xdyf
wkdufBuHKEkdifaom taetxm;&Sdonf/ pufypnf;? vQyfppfypnf;rsm; t0ifrawmf/ tysuftpD; t
aysmuft&Srsm;rnf/ arwma&;taESmifht,Sufrsm;jcif;BuHKrnf/

Virgo

uef&moDzGm; (Mo*kwf24-pufwifbm22)

vrf;opfxiG Nf yD; aqmif&u


G v
f u
kd o
f nfrsm;rS xl;jcm;aom wk;d wufrrI sm;&vmrnf/ umvtwefMum
pdwyf ifyef;? vlyifyef;jzpfNy;D taESmift
h ,Surf sm;aeonfrsm;rS uif;a0;oGm;rnf/ ae&mtajymif;t
a&TUrsm; aqmif&u
G t
f qifajyoGm;rnf/ aiGaMu;udpa jymqdak tmifjrifrnf/ tawGUtBuHKopfrsm;&&Sd
rnf/ rlvwpfBudrfrS rBuHKzl;ao;aom tawGUtBuHKqef;rsm;ESifh xdyfwkdufBuHK&rnf/

LIbra

wl&moDzmG ; (pufwifbm23-atmufwb
dk m23)

tcGifhta&;ESpfcGwpfNydKifeufwnf;ay:rnf/ tcuftcJtm;vHk;udkausmfvTm;Ekdifrnf/ tNydKiftqdkif


Mum;rS wk;d wufrnf/ vufveG x
f m;onfrsm; vuf0,fjyef&rnf/ rdrt
d ay: xde;f csKyyf w
d yf ifxm;onf
rsm;udk kef;xGufxkd;azmufEdkifrnf/ &yfwefYxm;aom vkyfief;rsm;udk jyefvnf aqmif&GufEkdifjcif;
tqifajyjcif;&Sdrnf/ jywfawmufaeaom tquftoG,frsm;ESifh jyefvnfcsdwfquf&rnf/

Scorpio

NAdpm&moDzGm; (atmufwkdbm24-Ekd0ifbm22)

&nfreS ;f csuaf tmifjrifrnf/ rlvpdwu


f ;l xm;onfrsm;ESihf yHpk rH wlvifu
h pm;aqmif&u
G rf rI sm;rS atmif
jrifrrI sm;&&Srd nf/ tcsKUd aom taMumif;t&mESihf vkyif ef;&yfrsm;wGif tifwu
kd t
f m;wku
d f tcsed jf ynfh
rvkyEf idk o
f vdjk zpfrnf/ ay:aygufvmonft
h ajctaet&yf&yfukd toH;k cs vufawGUusus aqmif
&GufrIrsm;rS xif&Sm;aom tusKd;qufrsm; tckdiftrmay:aygufrnf/

Sagittarus "Ek&moDzGm; (Ekd0ifbm23-'DZifbm21)

use;f rma&;*kpu
kd &f rnf/ rawmfwqxdcu
kd rf I owdjyKyg/ aqmif&u
G o
f rQupd t
vH;k pHu
k kd pepfwus
vkyfyg/ pdwfjrefvufjrefwZGwfxdk;vkyfu trSm;t,Gif;rsm; jzpfay:wwfonf/ olwpfyg;tay:
tm; rvdktm;r& pdwfwkdif;rusjzpfNyD; t&m&mtay: udk,fwkdifvkyf& a'goxGufae&vdrfhrnf/
a&muf &Sdaeaom b0tajctaetay: rauseyfjzpfaernf/ pdwfysHUvGifhaernf/

vufESdyf"mwfrD;awGukd b,ftcsdefu wDxGifcJhvJ


vufEydS "f mwfr;D flash light rsm;onf vG,u
f l ;kd &Si;f pGm xkwv
f yk x
f m;aom ypn;f rsm;jzpfaomf
vnf; if;t&iftajccHypnf;rsm;jzpfonfh bufx&D("mwfcJ)ESifh vQyfppfrD;oD;wkdYay:ayguf
NyD;rSom wkd;csJUwDxGifvmEkdif 20 &mpktpykdif;rSom ay:aygufvmEkdifonf/ vufESdyf"mwfrD;ukd
pwifwx
D iG o
f rl mS a';Apfrpfqq
J o
dk l NAw
d o
d Qvrl sKd ;wpfO;D jzpfonf/ if;onf,cifu opfom;tdrf
jzifh jyKvyk af om tcsujf yrD;? pufb;D oH;k rD;oD;wku
Yd dk wDxiG cf zhJ ;l ol[o
k &d onf/ if;onf k&mS ;vlrsKd ;
tar&duefEkdifiHom; uGef;&uf'f[l;bwfukd "mwfrD;ESifhywfoufonfh rlykdifcGifhrsm; vJTajymif;ay;
cJh&m [l;bwfu Ever Ready trnfjzifh vufESdyf"mwfrD;rsm;xkwfvkyfa&mif;cscJhonf/ [l;bwf
ESifh rpfqJvfwkdY\ yxrqHk;aom vufESdyf"mwfrD;rsm;rSm vufvkyfjzpfNyD; puLMurf;ESifh zefacsmif;
rsm;oH;k um txJwiG f rD;oD;wpfv;kH wyfxm;onfh ykpH rH sKd ; jzpfonf/ aemufyidk ;f wGif if;wko
Yd nf wDxiG f
xm;aom "mwfrD;rsm; ukd 1903 ckESpf&ufpJGjzifh rSwfyHkwifcJhNyD; ,aeYacwfoHk;"mwfrD;rsm;\ a&SU
awmfajy;rsm;ukd xkwfvkyfEkdifjcif;jzpfonf/ ideafinder.com/WiKi

Capricorn rum&&moDzGm; ('DZifbm22-Zefe0g&D20)

ynmtwwfESifhywfouf wkd;wufrI? atmifjrifrIrsm;&rnf/ ,SOfNydKifrIrsm;wGif tqifhjrifhatmif


jrifrIrsm; &&Sdrnf/ BudK;pm;jcif;\ &v'faumif;rsm;udk ydkifqkdifcGifh&Sdonf aiGaMu;udp? tvkyfpD;yGm;
udprsm;wGif taESmifht,Sufrsm;wpfrsKd;NyD;wpfrsKd;BuHKrnf/ wpfyg;oludpMum;0if wm0ef,ljcif;?
tmrcHjcif;udk a&Smifyg/ olwpfyg;tay: ,Hkpm;jcif;rsm;avQmhyg/

Aquarius

ukr&f moDzmG ; (Zefe0g&D21-azazmf0g&D18)

tNyKd it
f qkid rf sm;? twku
d t
f cHrsm; zH;k vTr;f aeonf/ ud,
k v
f yk o
f rQupd tvH;k pHt
k ay: raocsm? ra&
&movdkjzpfaernf/ olwpfyg;tay: OD;pm;ay;&jcif;? iJhnm&jcif;rsm;aMumifh udk,fwkdif&ykdifcGifhrsm;
qHk;IH;Ekdifygonf/ ysKd&G,folrsm;tzdkY arwma&;ESifhywfouf uHtxl;aumif;onf/ umvtwef
Mum rajz&Sif;bJxm;aom jyemrsm;udk NyD;jywfatmifajz&Sif;Ekdifrnf/

Pisces

rdef&moDzGm; (azazmf0g&D19-rwf20)

vGJrSm;aeaom vrf;aMumif;rsm;udk jyefvnfwnfhrwfatmif aqmif&GufEdkifrnf/ olwpfyg;aMumifh


Iyf Iyaf xG;axG;jzpfaeonfrsm;udk ajyvnfatmif ajz&Si;f Edik rf nf/ tajymqd;k ? pdwjf ref? bk*vefaY jym
wwfvifu
h pm; oabmaumif;aomolwpfO;D \ tultnDtaxmuftyH&h &Srd nf/ tNy;D owfaqmif
&Guf&rnfhudprsm;tm; umvudk ausmfvGefrS aqmif&Gufyg/

31

Puzzle&Classified

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

Free Classified
ocsFm-t*FvdyfpmawmfvmzkdY
Subject Idea rsm;&&SdvmNyD; wpfvt
wGif;rSmyif xl;jcm;pGm wkd;wufvm
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ajcjyK trSefwu,f oifMum;ay;
Ekdifygonf/
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32

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Vol.12,
Vol.9,No.26
No.29 September
October 7,42010
, 2013

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aqG;aEG;cJhonf/

Vol.12,
Vol.9,No.26
No.29 September
October 7,42010
, 2013

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35

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

Cartoon

36

Interview

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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37

International

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Ref: AP

Ref: 1. President Obama: 'I


Have Not Made a Decision' on
Syria, pbs.org. 28th August.
2. Assad Warns: "Syria Will
Never Become A Western
Puppet State" Inerview,
zerohedge.com, 27th August.

38

Asia

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Ref: AP

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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40

Entertainment

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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41

Entertainment

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013


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44

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Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

45

International

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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46

International

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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47

International

Vol.12, No.26 September 4 , 2013

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Ref: BBC

Vol.12,
Vol.9,No.26
No.29 September
October 7,42010
, 2013

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