Trigonometry 1.

Find cos 60 by using the functions of 30 We can only use the sine and cosine functions of 30o, so we need to start with 60o=230o. We will use the result cos 2 = cos2 sin2 , and the 30-60 triangle:

Now we proceed to find the exact value of cos60 using the ratios of 30: cos 60o=cos(230o) =cos2(30o)sin2(30o) =(32)2(12)2 =3414 =24 =12 2. Find cos 2x if sin x=1213 (in Quadrant III). cos 2x=12sin2x =12(1213)2 =12(144169) =169288169 =119169 3. Without finding x, find sin 2x if cos x=45 (in Quadrant I). We recognise that we need to use the 3-4-5 triangle (because of the 4 and 5 in the question).

We can use our formula for the sine of a double angle to find the required value: sin 2x=2 sin x cos x =2(35)(45) =2425 4. 1tan2xsec2x=cos2x LHS=1tan2xsec2x =1sec2x(1tan2x) =cos2x(1sin2xcos2x) =cos2xcos2xsin2xcos2x =cos2xsin2x =cos 2x =RHS 5. 2 csc 2x tan x=sec2x LHS=2 csc 2x tan x

=2 tan xsin 2x =2 tan x2 sin x cos x =sin xcos x1sin x cos x =1cos2x =sec2x =RHS

Example. Write their first power. Answer. We have

as an expression involving the trigonometric functions with

Hence

Since

, we get

or

Example. Verify the identity

Answer.We have

Using the Double-Angle formulas we get

Putting stuff together we get

From the Double-Angle formulas, one may generate easily the Half-Angle formulas

In particular, we have

Example. Use the Half-Angle formulas to find

Answer. Set Then

Using the above formulas, we get

Since

, then

is a positive number. Therefore, we have

Same arguments lead to

Example. Check the identities

Answer. First note that

which falls from the identity identity. For example, let us verify that

. So we need to verify only one

using the Half-Angle formulas, we get

which reduces to