EUROPEAN UNION MICHELLE CINI SECOND EDITIONOXFORD WNIVERSITY PRESS Great Clarenclon Steet, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. 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No part ofthis publication may be reproduced, idored in a retrieval eyetem, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, ‘without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, cor as expressly permitted by haw or uatJer terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction ‘outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press,at the address above: You must aot circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data availible Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data European Union polities [edited by] Michelle Cini.—2nd ed, pom, ISEN-13: 978-0-19-928195-4 1. European Union— Textbooks. 2. European Union countries—Polities and government—Textbooks I. Cini, Michele JN30,E8419 2006 341.242'2—de22 2006038145 ‘Typesst by Newgen [maging Systems (P) Ltd, Chennai, India Printed in Great Britain ‘on acid-free paper by Bath Press Ltd, Bath ISBN 0-19-928195-5 978-0-19-928195-4 woR76s4artContents Detailed Contents Guided Tour of Learning Features: 1 Guided Tour of the Online Resource Centre, xii st of Figures aaiv st of Boxes av List of Tables xix About the Contributors ax Abbreviations oxi 1 Introduction 1 Michelle Cini Part One The Historical Context " 2) The European Community: From 1945 to 1985 13 Derek We Urwin 3. Towards European Union 30 David Phinnemore 4 The Rise and Fall of the Constitutional Treaty 46 live Church and David Phinnemore Part Iwo Theories and Conceptual Approaches 67 5 Federalism and Federation 69 ‘Michael Burgess 6 Neo-functionalism 85 Carsten troby Jensen 7 Intergovernmentaliem 99 Michetle Cini 8 New Theories of European Integration 7 Ben Rosamand Material com direitos autorais,vi Contents Eve Foulleux Part Three Institutions and Actors 137, 9 The European Commission 139 Morten Egeberg 10. The Council of the European Union 154 Jeffiey Lewis 11 The European Parliament 174 Roger Scully 12 The Courts of the European Union, 188 as Kapsis 13. Interest Groupsand the European Union, 202 Rainer eising Part Four Policies and Policy-Making 223 14° curopean Union External Relations zs Michael Smith 15. The EU's Foreign, Secunty, and Defence Policies ar Rotert Cover 16 The Single Market 253 Michelle Egan 17 The EU's Secial Dirnension wn Gerda Folkner 18 Regional Europe 287 Angela k. Bourne 19. Justice and Home Affairs 304 Emek M Ucarer 20 Eeenerme end Monetary Union 2a Amy Vertu 21. The Common Agricultural Policy 240 Material com direitos autorais,Contents ix Part Five Issues and Debates 22 23 24 25 26 27 Democracy and the European Polity Dimitris N. Chryssochoou Public Opinion and the SU Lauren M.MeLaren Differentiated European Integration Kerstin Junge Europeanization Lucia Quagtie, Mari Neworen, Machiko Miyakoshi, and Michelle Cini Enlargement Jan Barres ana Pamete Barnes Conclusion: The Future of the European Union Alex Warteigh-Lack Glossary References Index 357 259 25 21 405 a 441 455 467 485 Copyrighted materialDetailed Contents Guided Tour of Learning Features Guided Tour of the Online Resource Centre List of Figures List of Boxes List of Tables About the Contributors Abbreviations 1 Introduction Michelle Cini Introduction: what isthe EU? Why was it set up? Who can join? Who pays? How is European policy made? ‘The organization of tne book xxiv ay ax vox Part One The Historical Context ” 2 The European Community: From 1945 to 1985 Detek W. Urwin Inteoduetion The opening moves ‘The Community idee Rome and the stalling of ambition The emergence of summits Conclusion Questions Guide to Further Reading. Important Websites, 3 Towards European Union David Phinnemore Introduction ‘The European Unionas a European union Reviewing the Union’ the 1995 IGC and the Treaty of Amsterdam Copyrighte 13 1“ 4 18 a 2% 28 28 28 23 30 3 32 35Preparing for enlargement: the 2000 IGC, the Treaty of Nice, and the ‘Future of Europe’ debate Conclusion Questions Guide to Further Reading Important Websites Detailed Contents xi 38 44 45 45 4 The Rise and Fall of the Constitutional Treaty Clive Church and David Phinnemore Introduction ‘The drafting process key elements of the Constitutional Treaty What the Constitutional Treaty is not about - an appraisal Ratification ‘The significance of the Constitutional Treaty and the ratification experience Where next for the EU and its treaties? Conclusion Questions Guide to Further Reading Important Websites 46 ar 48 BT 54 56 59 61 63 6 65 Part Two Theories and Conceptual Approaches 67 5 Federalism and Feder Michael Burgess Introduction Federalism, federation, ard European integration ‘The variety of federal models Monet's conception of Europe ard its political implications ‘The meaning of a federal Europe Conclusion: from quantity to quality, Questions Guide to Further Reading Important Websites 69 70 n 74 7 80 82 83 83 84 6 Neo-functionalism Carsten Stroty-Jensen Introduction What isneo-functionalism? A brief history of neo-functionalism Supranetionalism and spillover Critiques of neo-functionalism Copyrighte 85 86 86 85 89 93Detailed Contents ‘The revival of neo-functionalism 96 Conclusion 7 Questions 98 Guide to Further Reading 98 Important weosites 38 7 Intergovernmentalism 99 Michelle Cini Introduction 100 ‘What isinte:governmentalism? 100 Hoffmann and his eritics 103 Beyond classical intergovernmentalism 106 Liberal intergovernmentalism and its critics 109 Conclusion: the future ofintergovernmentalism na Questions ms Guide to Further Reading, ns Important Websites ne 8 New Theories of European Integration "7 Ben Rosamond Intreduetion na The limtts of the classical debate ns Institutionalism and the €U 122 ‘Theories of policy-making an the EU 126 Multi-level governance 128 Social constructivist approaches to the EU 130 International Relations and International Political Economy revisited 131 Conclusion 135 Questions 136 Guide to Further Reading 136 Important Websites 136 Part Three Institutions and Actors 137 9° The European Commission 139 Morten Egeberg Introduction 140 ‘The functions ofthe Commission 140 Commission influence 2 ‘The President and the commissioners 143 Commissioners’ cabinets 45 ‘The Commission services 146 Copyrighted materialDetailed Contents Connecting to national administrations: committees and networks 150 Conclusion 152 Questions, 152 Guide te Further Reading 153 Important wensites 153 10 The Council of the European Union 184 Jeffrey Lewis Introduction 158 The heart of EU decision-making, 155 The Council and the European Council notthe same thing 158 How does the Council work? 159 ‘The layers of Council decision making 161 Institutional evolution over time and current challenges 168 Conclusion: national, supranational, or bath? m Questions, wa Guide te Further Reading 173 Important Websites, 3 11 The European Parliament 174 Roger Scully Introduction ws ‘The origins and development of the European Parliament ws The powers and influence of the European Parliament Ww The internal polities of the European Parliament 180 Elections, the people, and the European Parliament 183 Conclusion 186 Questions 186 Guide te Further Reading 186 Important Websites 187 12. The Courts of the European Union 188 dias Kapsis Introduction 189 Composition, structure, and procedure 190 Jursdiction 92 ‘The ‘jusicial activism’ debate 198 Reforming the Union's judicial system 199 Conclusion 200 Questions 200 Guide to Further Reading wo Important Websites, 201 Copyrighted material