Chng 1 Gii thiu

A note on the use of these ppt slides:

Were making these slides freely available to all (faculty, students, readers). Theyre in PowerPoint form so you see the animations; and can add, modify, and delete slides (including this one) and slide content to suit your needs. They obviously represent a lot of work on our part. In return for use, we only ask the following: If you use these slides (e.g., in a class) that you mention their source (after all, wed like people to use our book!) If you post any slides on a www site, that you note that they are adapted from (or perhaps identical to) our slides, and note our copyright of this material.
Thanks and enjoy! JFK/KWR All material copyright 1996-2012 J.F Kurose and K.W. Ross, All Rights Reserved Gii thiu 1-1

Computer Networking: A Top Down Approach

6th edition Jim Kurose, Keith Ross Addison-Wesley March 2012

Chng1: Gii thiu

mc tiu:

overview:

lm quen vi cc thut ng Tm hiu su hn ni dung mn hc ny Cch tip cn: S dng Internet lm v d

Internet l g? Giao thc l g? Mng bin; hosts, mng truy nhp, phng tin truyn dn vt l Mng li: chuyn mch gi/ chuyn mch knh, cu trc Internet Hiu sut: s mt mt, tr, thng lng Bo mt Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v Lch s Introduction 1-2

Chng 1: Ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 mng bin cc h thng u cui, mng truy nhp, cc lin kt 1.3 mng li 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

tr, tr, thng lng trong mng Cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v Mng b tn cng: bo mt Lch s Mng Internet

Gii thiu 1-3

Internet l g:
triu cc thit b my tnh c kt ni: server hosts = h thng u wireless cui laptop smartphone chy ng dng mng Cc lin kt truyn
PC

Hng

mng di ng ISP ton cu

thng

mng gia nh ISP vng

lin kt khng dy lin kt c dy

tip gi tin (khi d liu) mng t chc thuyt b Thit b nh tuyn chuyn mch (router) (routers ) v thit b chuyn mch (switches)

thng Chuyn mch gi: chuyn

cp quang, cp ng, radio, v tinh tc truyn: bng

Gii thiu 1-4

Cc thit b Gii tr Internet

My nng bnh m c tch hp web+ d bo thi tit
Khung hnh IP http://www.ceiva.com/

Tweet-a-watt: My gim st s dng nng lng

Slingbox: ng h, iu khin tivi t xa T lnh internet in thoi internet

Gii thiu 1-5

Internet l g:

Internet: mng of cc mng Cc giao thc iu khin gi,

nhn thng tin
V d: TCP, IP, HTTP, Skype, 802.11 RFC: Request for comments IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force Cc nh cung cp dch v mng (ISPs) c kt ni vi nhau.

Mng di ng ISP ton cu

Mng gia nh ISP vng

Cc chun Internet

mng t chc

Gii thiu 1-6

Internet l g: ci nhn v dch v

C s h tng cung cp cc dch v cho cc ng dng:

Cung cp giao din lp trnh cho cc ng dng
Web, VoIP, email, games, thng mi in t, mng x hi,

mng di ng ISP ton cu

mng gia nh ISP vng

Ci mc cho php gi v nhn cc chng trnh ng dng kt ni vi Internet cung cp cc la chn dch v, tng t nh dch v bu chnh.

mng t chc

Gii thiu 1-7

Giao thc l g?
Giao thc con ngi:

By gi l my gi? Ti c mt cu hi Gii thiu

Giao thc mng:

thng ip c th c gi cc hnh ng c th c thc hin khi cc thng ip c nhn, hoc cc s kin khc

My mc ch khng phi l con ngi tt c cc hot ng truyn thng trn Internet b chi phi bi cc giao thc.

Giao thc nh ngha nh dng, th t cc thng ip c gi v nhn gia cc thc th mng, v cc hnh ng c thc hin trn vic truyn v nhn thng ip
Gii thiu 1-8

Giao thc l g?
Giao thc con ngi v giao thc mng my tnh:
Xin cho Xin cho
Rnh khng?
Yu cu kt ni TCP Tr li kt ni TCP Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross

2:00
time

<file>

Hi: cc giao thc khc ca con ngi?

Gii thiu 1-9

Ci nhn gn hn v cu trc mng:

Mng bin:

mng di ng ISP ton cu

mng truy nhp, phng tin truyn thng vt l: kt ni

hosts: my khch v my ch My ch thng t trong trung tm d liu

mng gia nh ISP vng

truyn thng c dy, v khng dy Mng li:

cc thit b nh

tuyn c lin kt mng ca cc mng

mng t chc

Gii thiu 1-10

Mng truy cp v phng tin truyn thng vt l

Q: Lm th no kt ni cc h thng u cui vi thit b nh tuyn bin?

mng truy cp khu dn c mng truy cp t chc (trng hc, cng ty) mng truy cp di ng

Ghi nh:

bng thng (bits per second) ca mng truy cp? Chia s hoc dnh ring?

Gii thiu 1-11

Mng truy cp: ng dy thu bao k thut s

vn phng trung tm mng in thoi

DSL splitter modem

DSLAM

Thoi, d liu c truyn cc tn s khc nhau qua ng dy dnh ring n vn phng trung tm

ISP
DSL access multiplexer

Dng ng dy in thoi hiu c n cc DSLAM ca vn phng trung tm d liu qua ng dy in thoi DSL i ra Internet tn hiu thoi trn ng dy in thoi DSL i n mng in thoi < 2.5 Mbps tc truyn d liu ln (thng < 1 Mbps) Gii thiu 1-12 < 24 Mbps tc truyn d liu xung (thng< 10 Mbps)

Mng truy cp: mng cp

cable headend

cable splitter modem

V I D E O 1

V I D E O 2

V I D E O 3

V I D E O 4

V I D E O 5

V I D E O 6

D A T A 7

D A T A 8

C O N T R O L 9

Channels

frequency division multiplexing: cc knh truyn khc nhau

c truyn trong cc di tn s khc nhu.
Gii thiu 1-13

Mng truy cp: mng cp

cable splitter modem

u cui cp (cable headend)

CMTS

cable modem termination system

d liu, TV c truyn nhng tn s khc nhau qua mng phn tn cp c chia s

ISP

HFC: hybrid fiber coax Bt ng b: tc ti xung ln n 30Mbps, ti ln vi 2 Mbps Mng cp v si quang kt ni h gia nh n b nh tuyn ca ISP (ISP router) Cc h gia nh chia s mng truy nhp n u cui cp Khng ging DSL, c truy cp c dnh ring n vn Gii thiu 1-14 phng trung tm

Mng truy cp: mng gia nh

Thit b khng dy

n/t thit b u cui hoc vn phng trung tm

Thng c tch hp trong mt hp duy nht

cable or DSL modem wireless access point (54 Mbps) router, firewall, NAT wired Ethernet (100 Mbps)

Gii thiu 1-15

Mng truy cp Enterprise (Ethernet)

institutional link to ISP (Internet) institutional router Ethernet switch institutional mail, web servers

Thng c s dng trong cng ty, trng i hctypically used in companies, universities, etc Tc truyn 10 Mbps, 100Mbps, 1Gbps, 10Gbps Ngy nay, cc h thng u cui thng kt ni n chuyn mch Ethernet (Ethernet switch)

Gii thiu 1-16

Mng truy cp khng dy

Mng truy cp khng dy c chia s kt ni h thng u cui n thit b nh tuyn

Thng qua base station cn c gi l access point Trong ta nh (100 ft) 802.11b/g (WiFi): tc truyn 11, 54 Mbps

Mng cc b khng dy:

Mng din rng khng dy

c cung cp bi cng ty in thoi (di ng), 10s km T 1 n 10 Mbps 3G, 4G: LTE

to Internet

to Internet
Gii thiu 1-17

Host: gi cc gi d liu
Chc nng host sending: Ly thng tin Lp ng dng Chia nh thnh nhng phn nh hn, c bit nh l gi tin (packets), chiu di L bits Truyn gi tin trong mng truy cp vi tc truyn R Tc truyn ca ng link, cn c gi l kh nng/cng sut ca ng link, cn c gi l bng thng ca ng
2 packets, L bits mi ci

2 1

R: tc truyn ca ng link

host

link

tr truyn gi

Thi gian cn Truyn L-bit packet n ng link

L (bits) = R (bits/sec)
1-18

ng truyn vt l

bit: lan truyn gia cc cp truyn/nhn Lin kt vt l: nhng g nm gia thit b truyn v nhn Phng tin truyn thng c hng dn: Cc tn hiu lan truyn trn cc phng tin truyn thng rn: cp ng, cp quang, cp ng trc Phng tin truyn thng khng c hng dn: Tn hiu lan truyn t do, v d radio

Cp xon (TP)

Hai dy cp ng c lp
Loi 5: 100 Mbps, 1 Gpbs Ethernet Loi 6: 10Gbps

Gii thiu 1-19

ng truyn vt l: cp ng trc, cp quang

Cp ng trc:

Cp quang:

Hai dy dn ng ng tm Hai hng Bng thng rng:

nhiu knh trn cp HFC

Si thy tinh mng xung nh sng, mi xung l mt bit Hot ng tc cao:

Truyn point-to-point vi tc cao (v d., tc truyn 10s-100s Gpbs)

T l li thp:

B lp (repeaters) cch xa phn cn li Khng b nhiu in t

Gii thiu 1-20

ng truyn vt l: sng radio

Tn hiu c mang di dng ph in t Khng c dy dn vt l Truyn hai chiu Cc tc ng mi trng lan truyn: Phn x B cn tr bi vt cn B nhiu

Cc loi lin kt radia:

Vi sng mt t

LAN (nh WiFi)

Cc knh n 45 Mbps

Din rng (nh cellular) V tinh

3G cellular: ~ vi Mbps

11Mbps, 54 Mbps

Knh t Kbps n 45Mbps ( hoc chia nhiu knh nh) tr gia 2 thit b u cui 270 msec gi khong cch c nh vi mt t, cao thp
Introduction 1-21

Mng li

Li cc b nh tuyn c kt ni vi nhau Chuyn mch gi: hosts chia nh d liu tn ng dng (application-layer messages) thnh cc gi (packets)

Chuyn tip cc gi t mt b nh tuyn ny n b nh tuyn tip theo qua cc ng link trn ng i t ngun ti ch. Mi packet c truyn ti vi cng sut ln nht ca ng link

Gii thiu 1-22

Chuyn mch gi: store-and-forward

L bits mi packet Ngun
3 2 1

R bps

R bps

ch

Mt L/R giy truyn ti L-bit packet trong ng link ti tc R bps

store and forward: ton b packet phi n b nh tuyn trc khi n c th c truyn ti trn ng

V d s v one-hop : L = 7.5 Mbits R = 1.5 Mbps tr truyn ti one-hop = 5 sec

Thm v tr ngn
Gii thiu 1-23

link tip theo end-end delay = 2L/R (gi s khng c tr lan truyn)

Chuyn mch gi: tr xp hng, s mt mt

A B
R = 100 Mb/s

C
R = 1.5 Mb/s

D
E

Cc gi xp hng ch n lt xut trn ng link

Xp hng v s mt mt:

Nu tc n (theo bit) n ng link vt qu tc truyn dn ca ng link trong mt khong thi gian: Cc packet s xp hng v i c truyn ti trn ng link Cc packet c th b b (b mt) nu b nh (b m) b y

Gii thiu 1-24

Hai chc nng chnh ca mng li

routing: xc nh ng
i t ngun n ch c thc hin bi cc packet Thut ton routing
routing algorithm

forwarding: chuyn cc

packet t u vo ca b nh tuyn n u ra thch hp ca b nh tuyt

local forwarding table header value output link

0100 0101 0111 1001 3 2 2 1

1
3 2

a ch n trong header ca packet n

Gii thiu 4-25

Alternative core: chuyn mch knh

Ti nguyn gia 2 im cui c phn b, c dnh cho cuc gi gia ngun v ch: Trong s , mi ng link c bn knh. Cuc gi dng knh th 2nd trong ng link trn cng v knh th trong ng link bn phi. Ti nguyn c dnh ring : khng chia s circuit-like (c m bo) performance Mnh knh c cp pht s rnh ri nu khng c s dng bi cuc gi (khng chia s) Thng c s dng trong cc mng in thoi truyn thng
Gii thiu 1-26

Chuyn mch knh: FDM vi TDM

V d: FDM 4 users frequency time

TDM

frequency time
Gii thiu 1-27

So sch chuyn mch gi vi chuyn mch knh

Chuyn mch gi cho php nhiu ngi dng c s dng mng!
V d: ng link 1 Mb/s Mi user:
users ng lin kt 1 Mbps

100 kb/s khi kch hot Thi gian kch hot 10%

Chuyn Chuyn

10 users

mch knh:

Q: lm th no c c gi tr 0.0004? Q: ci g s xy ra nu > 35 users ?

Vi 35 user, with 35 users, , xc sut kch hot > 10 s nh hn 0.0004

mch gi:

* Check out the online interactive exercises for more examples

Gii thiu 1-28

So sch chuyn mch gi vi chuyn mch knh

Liu chuyn mch gi c phi l ngi chin thng tt c?

Tt cho trng hp bursty data Chia s ti ngun n gin, khng cn thit lp cuc gi Trong trng hp tt nghn qu mc: packet b tr v tht lc Cc gio thc cn thit cho vic truyn d liu mt cch tin cy v iu khin tc nghn Q: Lm th no h tr cho hnh vi chuyn mch knh? Bo m bng thng cn thit cho cc ng dng audio/video Xem thm chapter 7
Gii thiu 1-29

Q: so snh vi con ngi trong vic cp ti nguyn dnh ring

(chuyn mch) v cp pht ti nguyn theo yu cu (chuyn gi)?

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Cc h thng u cui kt ni n Internet thng qua access ISPs (Internet Service Providers) Cc ISP khu dn c, cng ty v trng i hc Cc Access ISP ln lt phi c kt ni vi nhau V vy, bt c hai host no cng c th gi c d liu ln nhau. V vy, mng ca cc mng rt l phc tp S pht trin c thc y bi kinh t v chnh sch quc gia Chng ta hy tng bc khm ph cu trc Internet hin ti

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Cu hi: c hng triu access ISPs, lm th no chng
kt ni c vi nhau?
access net access net access net access net

access net
access net access net

access net

access net

access net

access net access net access net

access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng*

Ty chn: kt ni tng access ISP n cc access ISP khc?
access net access net access net access net

access net
access net access net

access net

access net

Kt ni trc tip tng access ISP n tng access ISP khc s khng pht trin c: O(N2) s kt ni.
access net access net

access net

access net

access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Ty chn: kt ni tng access ISP n mt ISP chuyn tip ton cu? Khch hng v nh cung cp dch v ISP phi thoi thun v kinh t.
access net access net access net access net

access net
access net access net

access net

ISP ton cu

access net

access net

access net access net access net

access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Nhng nu mt IPS ton cu l kh th, th s c nhiu i th cnh tranh
access net access net access net access net

access net
access net access net

ISP A

access net

ISP B ISP C

access net

access net

access net access net access net

access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

Nhng nu mt ISP ton cu l kh thi, th s c cc i th cnh tranh c kt ni vi nhau Internet exchange point access access
access net access net access net net net access net

IXP

ISP A
IXP

access net

access net

ISP B

access net

access net

ISP C
access net access net

peering link
access net

access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

v cc mng khu vc c th pht sinh kt ni cc mng li truy cp ny n cc ISP
access net access net access net access net

access net
access net

IXP

ISP A
IXP

access net

access net

ISP B

access net

access net

ISP C
access net access net access net

Mng khu vc
access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

v cc mng cung cp ni dung (nh l Google, Microsoft, Akamai ) c th chy mng ring ca h mng li cc dch v v ni dung gn st vi ngi dng cui
access net access net access net access net

access net
access net

IXP

ISP A

access net

Content provider network

access net

IXP

ISP B

access net

access net

ISP B
access net access net access net

Mng khu vc
access net

access net

access net

Kin trc Internet: mng ca cc mng

ISP cp 1 IX P Regional ISP ISP cp 1 IX P Regional ISP Google IX P

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

access ISP

Ti trung tm: mt s lng nh cc mng ln c kt ni vi nhau

ISPs thng mi lp-1 (nh l Level 3, Sprint, AT&T, NTT), bao trm cc quc gia v ton th gii content provider network (nh l Google): mng ring kt ni cc trung tm d liu ca n vi Internet, thng b qua cc IPS vng v ISP cp 1. Gii thiu 1-38

ISP cp 1: nh l Sprint
POP: point-of-presence

n/tbackbone

peering

n/t khch hng

Gii thiu 1-39

S mt mt v tr xy ra nh th no?

Cc gi tin (packet) i trong b m ca b nh tuyn (router)

Tc n ca cc gi tin n ng link (tm thi) vt qu c nng ca ng lin kt u ra Cc gi tin i v ch n lt

packet ang c truyn (tr)

A B
packets ang i (tr)
B m rnh ri (sn sng): cc gi tin n s b b (mt mt) nu khng c b m cn trng
Gii thiu 1-40

Bn ngun gy ra chm tr gi tin

truyn

A
B

lan truyn

x l tai nt

xp hng

dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop

dproc: x l ti nt

Kim tra cc bit li Xc nh ng ra Thng thng < msec

Thi gian i ti ng ra cho vic truyn d liu Ph thuc vo mc tt nghn ca b nh tuyn

Gii thiu 1-41

dqueue: tr xp hng

Bn ngun gy ra chm tr gi tin

truyn

A
B

lan truyn

x l ti nt

xp hng

dnodal = dproc + dqueue + dtrans + dprop

dtrans: tr do truyn:

L: chiu di gi (bits) R: bng thng ng link (bps) dtrans = L/R dtrans and dprop rt khc nhau

dprop: tr do lan truyn:

d: di ca ng link vt l s: tc lan truyn trong mi trng (thit b, dy dn) (~2x108 m/sec) dprop = d/s
Gii thiu 1-42

* Check out the Java applet for an interactive animation on trans vs. prop delay

So snh vi on xe
100 km 100 km Trm thu ph

on 10 xe

Trm thu ph

Cc xe lan truyn vi tc 100 km/hr Trm thu ph x l mi xe l 12 giy ( thi gian truyn bit) xe~bit; on xe~ packet Q: Mt bao lu th on xe ti trm thu ph th 2?

Thi gian y ton b on xe qua trm thu ph qua ng cao tc = 12*10 = 120 sec Thi gian xe cui cng lan truyn t trm thu ph s 1 n trm thu ph s 2 l 100km/(100km/hr)= 1 hr A: 62 pht

Gii thiu 1-43

So snh vi on xe (tt)
100 km 100 km Trm thu ph

on 10 xe

Trm thu ph

By gi, gi s xe lan truyn vi tc 1000 km/hr v trm thu ph mt mt pht phc v mt xe Cu hi: c xe no s n c trm thu ph th 2 trc khi c on xe c phc v ti trm thu ph th 1? p n: C! Sau 7 pht, xe th 1 s n trm thu ph th 2; v 3 xe theo sau tip theo vn cn trm thu ph th 1.

Gii thiu 1-44

Tr do xp hng (nhc li)

R: bng thng ng link (bps) L: di gi tin (bits) a: t l trung bnh gi tin n

cng lu thng = La/R

v, tr trung bnh v hn!

La/R ~ 0: tr trung bnh nh La/R -> 1: tr trung bnh ln La/R > 1: nhiu vic n hn kh nng phc

average queueing delay

La/R ~ 0

* Check out the Java applet for an interactive animation on queuing and loss

La/R -> 1
Gii thiu 1-45

 tr v nh tuyn thc t trn Internet

tr v s mt mt trn Internet thc t trng nh th no Lnh trn MS Windows l tracert Chng trnh traceroute: gip o lng tr t ngun ti thit b nh tuyn ci m dc theo con ng Internet t u cui ny n u cui kia n ch. Vi tt c i:

Gi 3 gi tin s n b nh tuyn I trn ng ti ch Router i s tr v cc gi tin cho ngi gi Khong thi gian ln gi gia truyn v tr li
3 probes 3 probes
Gii thiu 1-46

3 probes

 tr v nh tuyn thc t trn Internet

traceroute: gaia.cs.umass.edu n www.eurecom.fr
3 gi tr tr t gaia.cs.umass.edu n cs-gw.cs.umass.edu
1 cs-gw (128.119.240.254) 1 ms 1 ms 2 ms 2 border1-rt-fa5-1-0.gw.umass.edu (128.119.3.145) 1 ms 1 ms 2 ms 3 cht-vbns.gw.umass.edu (128.119.3.130) 6 ms 5 ms 5 ms 4 jn1-at1-0-0-19.wor.vbns.net (204.147.132.129) 16 ms 11 ms 13 ms 5 jn1-so7-0-0-0.wae.vbns.net (204.147.136.136) 21 ms 18 ms 18 ms 6 abilene-vbns.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.11.9) 22 ms 18 ms 22 ms 7 nycm-wash.abilene.ucaid.edu (198.32.8.46) 22 ms 22 ms 22 ms trans-oceanic 8 62.40.103.253 (62.40.103.253) 104 ms 109 ms 106 ms link 9 de2-1.de1.de.geant.net (62.40.96.129) 109 ms 102 ms 104 ms 10 de.fr1.fr.geant.net (62.40.96.50) 113 ms 121 ms 114 ms 11 renater-gw.fr1.fr.geant.net (62.40.103.54) 112 ms 114 ms 112 ms 12 nio-n2.cssi.renater.fr (193.51.206.13) 111 ms 114 ms 116 ms 13 nice.cssi.renater.fr (195.220.98.102) 123 ms 125 ms 124 ms 14 r3t2-nice.cssi.renater.fr (195.220.98.110) 126 ms 126 ms 124 ms 15 eurecom-valbonne.r3t2.ft.net (193.48.50.54) 135 ms 128 ms 133 ms 16 194.214.211.25 (194.214.211.25) 126 ms 128 ms 126 ms 17 * * * * Khng c phn hi (thm d b mt, router khng tr li) 18 * * * 19 fantasia.eurecom.fr (193.55.113.142) 132 ms 128 ms 136 ms
* Do some traceroutes from exotic countries at www.traceroute.org
Gii thiu 1-47

S mt gi
Hng i (cn gi l b m) trc ng link trong b m c kh nng hu hn. Gi tin n hng i y th s b b (cn gi l s mt mt) Gi tin b mt c th c truyn li bi nt mng trc , hay bi h thng u cui ngun hoc khng truyn g c

A B

B m (vng ang i) gi tin ang c truyn li

Gi tin n hng i y th s b b
Gii thiu 1-48

* Check out the Java applet for an interactive animation on queuing and loss

Thng lng

Thng lng: tc (bits/time unit) m cc

bit c truyn gia ngi gi v nhn
tc thi: tc ti thi im c cho trung bnh: tc trong thi gian di hn

server, My ch with gi cc file of Fl bits bit (ch t ng) vo to send to client ng ng

link capacity link capacity ng ng c th mang ng ng c th mang Rs bits/sec R bits/sec ch t lng vi tc ch t lng vi tc c Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec
Gii thiu 1-49

Thng lng (tt)

Rs < Rc thng lng trung bnh gia 2 u cui l g?

Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec

Rs > Rc thng lng trung bnh gia 2 u cui l g?

Rs bits/sec Rc bits/sec

ng link nt c ng link trn con ng t im cui ny n im cui chai

kia hn ch thng lng t im cui ny n im cui kia

Gii thiu 1-50

Thng lng: Ng cnh Internet

Thng lng im cui-cui cho mi kt ni : min(Rc,Rs,R/10) Trong thc t: Rc hoc Rs thng b tht nt c chai

Rs

Rs
R Rc Rc

Rs

Rc

10 kt ni (cng bng) chia s ng trc tht nt c chai R bits/sec

Gii thiu 1-51

Lp giao thc
Mng rt phc tp, vi nhiu ming
hosts B nh tuyn (routers) Cc ng link ca phng tin truyn thng khc nhau Cc ng dng Cc giao thc Phn cng, phn mm

C hy vng no t chc cu trc ca mng hay khng?

. Hoc l t nht chng ta tho lun v mng

Cu hi:

Gii thiu 1-52

T chc du lch hng khng

v (mua) V (khiu ni) hnh l (ly li) cng (khng ti) ng bng h cnh

hnh l (kim tra)

cng (ti) ng bng ct cnh l trnh bay l trnh bay

l trnh bay

Cc bc
Gii thiu 1-53

S phn lp ca chc nng hng khng

ticket (purchase) baggage (check) gates (load) runway (takeoff) airplane routing
Sn bay khi hnh

ticket (complain) baggage (claim gates (unload) runway (land) airplane routing airplane routing airplane routing
Sn bay n

v Hnh l Cng Ct cnh/h cnh L trnh bay

Trung tm iu hnh trung chuyn

Cc lp: mi lp thc hin mt dch v

Qua nhng hot ng lp bn trong ca n Da trn cc dch v c cung cp bi lp bn di

Gii thiu 1-54

Ti sao phi phn lp?

Nhm x l cc h thng phc tp

Cu trc r rng cho php xc nh quan h ca cc mnh ca h thng phc tp

M-dun ha lm d dng vic bo tr v cp nht h thng

Thay i vic thc hin dch v ca cc lp l trong sut vi phn cn li ca h thng V d: thay i th tc cng s khng nh hng n phn cn li ca h thng

Tho lun m hnh tham chiu c phn

Xem xt nhng bt li ca vic phn lp

Gii thiu 1-55

Chng giao thc Internet

application: h tr cc ng
dng mng

transport: chuyn d liu t

tin trnh ny n tin trnh kia (process-process)
TCP, UDP

FTP, SMTP, HTTP

application
transport

network: nh tuyn nhng gi

d liu t ngun ti ch

network
link

link: chuyn d liu gia cc

thnh phn mng ln cn
dy

IP, cc giao thc nh tuyn

physical

physical: bits trn ng

Ethernet, 802.111 (WiFi), PPP

Gii thiu 1-56

M hnh tham chiu ISO/OSI

ng dng gii thch ngha ca d liu, v d m ha, nn, nhng quy c chuyn bit session: s ng b ha, kh nng chu li, phc hi s trao i d liu Chng giao thc Internet thiu nhng lp ny!

presentation: cho php cc

application presentation session transport network link physical

Nhng dch v ny, nu c cn, phi c thc hin trong tng ng dng (application) Cn hay khng?

ng dng 1-57

ngun
message segment frame
Ht M M M M

datagram Hn Ht
Hl Hn Ht

application transport network link physical

ng gi

link physical B Chuyn mch

ch
M

Hn Ht Hl Hn Ht

M
M

Ht
Hn Ht

M M M

Hl Hn Ht

application transport network link physical

network link physical

Hn Ht

B nh tuyn
Gii thiu 1-58

An ton mng

Lnh vc an ninh mng

Internet ban u khng c thit kt vi bo mt

Cch m k xu c th tn cng mng my tnh Cch m chng ta c th bo v mng khi cc cuc tn cng lm th no thit k nhng kin trc c th min dch khi cc cuc tn cng

Tm nhn ban u: mt nhm ngi dng tin tng ln nhau c kt ni n mt mng trong sut Nh thit k giao thc Internet ang chi bt kp An ton c cn nhc trong tt c cc tng

Gii thiu 1-59

K xu: t phn mm c hi (malware ) vo trong hosts thng qua Internet

Phn mm c hi c th xm nhp vo trong host t:

virus: s truyn nhim t sao chp bng vic nhn

hoc l thc thi i tng (nh l e-mail attachment)

worm: s truyn nhim t sao chp bng vic th

ng tip nhp i tng m t n c thc hin

Phn mm gin ip c th ghi li cc phm nhn, cc trang wed vo, ti thng tin n n trang tp hp Host b nhim c th c dng trong mng botnet, s dng cho th rc. Tn cng DDoS
Gii thiu 1-60

k xu: tn cng my ch, h tng mng

Denial of Service (DoS): k tn cng lm cho ti
nguyn (my ch, bng thng) khng sn sng cho lu lng hp php bng cch trn vi ti nguyn bi cc lu lng gi.

1. chn mc tiu

2. t nhp vo cc hosts xung quanh mng (xem botnet) 3. gi cc gi tin n mc tiu t cc host b chim

mc tiu

Gii thiu 1-61

K xu c th nh hi cc gi tin
"nh hi" gi tin:
phng tin truyn qung b (broadcast media) (mng chia s ethernet, mng khng dy) giao din mng hn tp c/ghi tt c cc gi tin (v d password!) i qua A

src:B dest:A

payload

phn mm wireshark c s dng cho thc hnh chng cui l mt phn mm nh hi gi tin min ph Gii thiu 1-62

K xu c th dng nhng a ch gi mo
gi mo IP: gi gi tin vi a ch ngun gi
A
src:B dest:A payload

tm hiu nhiu hn v bo mt(ton chng 8 )

Gii thiu 1-63

Chng 1: Ni dung
1.1 Internet l g? 1.2 mng bin cc h thng u cui, mng truy nhp, cc lin kt 1.3 mng li 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
Chuyn mch gi, chuyn mch knh, cu trc mng

tr, tr, thng lng trong mng cc lp giao thc, cc m hnh dch v Mng b tn cng: bo mt lch s

Gii thiu 1-64

Lch s Intenet
1961-1972: nhng nguyn l chuyn mch gi

1961: Kleinrock - l thuyt hng i cho thy hiu qu ca chuyn mch gi 1964: Baran - chuyn mch gi trong mng qun s 1967: ARPAnet c hnh thnh bi Advanced Research Projects Agency 1969: nt ARPAnet u tin hot ng

1972: bn ARPAnet cng cng NCP (Network Control Protocol) first host-host protocol chng trnh email u tin ARPAnet c 15 nt

Gii thiu 1-65

Lch s Internet
1972-1980: Internetworking, new and proprietary nets

1970: xy dng mng v tinh ALOHAnet satellite ti Hawaii 1974: a ra cu trc Cerf v Kahn - architecture cho cc lin mng 1976: a ra chun Ethernet ti Xerox PARC late70s: a ra cc cu trc ring: DECnet, SNA, XNA late 70s: a ra chuyn mch gi c nh (ATM precursor) 1979: Mng ARPAnet c hn 200 nt

Introduction 1-66

Lch s Internet
1980-1990: new protocols, a proliferation of networks

1983: trin khai TCP/IP 1982: giao thc email smtp c nh ngha 1983: DNS c nh ngha cho chuyn i t tn min sang a ch IP 1985: giao thc ftp c nh ngha 1988: iu khin tc nghn TCP

mng quc gia mi: Csnet, BITnet, NSFnet, Minitel 100,000 hosts c kt ni n lin mng

Gii thiu 1-67

Lch s Internet
u

nhng nm 1990: cui nhng nm1990 ARPAnet ngng hot ng 2000: 1991: NSF g b cc gii hn nhiu ng dng killer v vic s dng thng mi hn: instant messaging, ca NSFnet (ngng hot P2P file sharing ng, 1995) an ninh mng ln hng u nhng nm 1990: Web u hypertext [Bush 1945, c tnh 50 triu host, Nelson 1960s] hn 100 triu ngi dng HTML, HTTP: Berners-Lee ng trc hot ng 1994: Mosaic, later tc Gbps
Netscape cui nhng nm 1990: thng mi ha ca web

1990, 2000s: thng mi ha, the Web, cc ng dng mi

Gii thiu 1-68

Lch s Internet
2005-hin ti

~750 triu host

tch cc trin khai truy cp bng thng rng truy cp khng dy tc cao khp mi ni ngy cng tng cao S xut hin ca c mng x hi trc tuyn:
Nh cung cp dch v (Google, Microsoft) to mng ring ca mnh Vt qua Internet, cung cp truy cp "tc thi" tm kim, email.... Thng mi in t, trng i hc, cc doanh nghip chy cc dch v ca h trong cng ngh "m my" (nh l Amazon EC2)
Facebook: sm t 1 t ngi s dng

in thoi thng minh v my tnh bng

Gii thiu 1-69

Ht chng 1

Introduction 1-70