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3 

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abc

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+&

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N SC = 8 = 1
8

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8

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( r )  D7;

( a ) -; % "# B- 8 C

2_ Q  "Q  0& , SC %  . 8Y$; A! Q  0& ,  $A   ' " r a 1$%   9g K!
a = 2r

og Q <M

+'

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APF=

A.P.F

\ X K# !   M  4\
\ X 4\

\ X K$A  4\
\ X 4\

100 =

4
N r 3
3

\ X 4\

100

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4
4
1 r 3 1 r 3
( APF )SC = 3 3 = 3 3 = 0.52
( 2r )
a

( )

(BCC)  0,  #1" 234./.-.-

. A $J8  BCC $,$ - 


<M @   1 <M K$Aa   8 *
1 1 1
, , ,
2 2 2

1!"
[A
[ 4

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+(
e$! K$  Ti Cr V Mo W "u$ K$  0A/ :bcc $,$ K L@' ! *
BCC -;   $EFG
1
N = 8 + 1= 2
8
C. N = 8

* VC
*p

: r a 1$% * m
a. 3 =4r

. 8Y$; A! <M  3 Q   $A   '

( APF ) bcc = 0.68 * L


FCC 250,  678
#1" 234.-.-.-

. A $J8  FCC $,$ 4

1!"
I  [A
[ 5

<M =   6 <M K$Aa   8 *


1 1 1
1

0 , , " ,0 ,
2 2 2
2

1 1
" , , 0 " ( 0, 0, 0 )
2 2

$A  Q9M3 *

Pb " Ni " Ag " Au " Cu " Al :FCC $,$ K L@' !

FCC 
$EFG 
1
1
N FCC = 8 + 6 = 4
8
2

* VC

+)

.Q

1
2

$! \ X P&  <M = ! 23  A  :"!'*

( C. N ) FCC =12 _ p
: r a 1$% * m
.
$; A! <M ' 3 Q   $A   '
a

2 = 4r

( A.P.F) FCC = 0.74 * L

( HCP ) 65 ! ; 7<0=' 234 .9.-.. A $J8 HCP \ X y 

I"_# $- a1b/  _


[ 8

% R   A 09w$g e$! K= $3 @   2 "M_ 6 K$Aa   12 *


2 1 1
, ,
3 3 2

( 0, 0, 0 )

:$A  Q9M3 *

Zn Co Cd "Be "Mg "u$ K$  Ti :HCP $,$ K @'


T

+*
:HCP 
  EFG  H
1
1
N HCP = 12 + 2 + 3 = 6
6
2

* VC

( C. N ) HCP =12 * p
: r % K$A,$g 09! 1$% * m
og
$; A!   S 2_ Q   $A   ' r a 09! 1$%  / Q! K! ~
lQ &# L ! a C 1$% X/= & HCP % P& ~+
C
8
=
= 1.63
a
3

( A.P.F )hcp = 0.74

. k
 $& Q%f ]8 X/ = &  Z # C a Q%58 M3 HCP L@'  :"!'*
*L
:"!'*

. $!  F8 # Z,5 L@' C$,5& K$A$,$  APF *


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 !$3 K$,$ U@ 0&PT *  FCCK=

 &$g $


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 K$A= # & *
. =$k, 8 BCC $,$   BCC K=

 &$g $


 $& 8 FCC $,$

< J
K< -
I&!
: &/ Q ! &# K! # %Mn K$A$,$ \ X 4\~
V cubic = a 3

: &/ Q ! &# K! # (,,=90) X$8a K$A \ X 4\~+


V ortogonal = abc

: &/ Q! &# ! # hcp \ X 4\~V hcp = 6

a2 3
C
4

*),  @ #* -


I0!
#   C$,5&E  K ,958 .E %$ \ X Y$ !   C$,5&E $,$ $!  K K,958
: / Q ! &# K!
P=

N A
N A Vuc

:/  
\ X 4\ :Vuc";  :A " $a /   : N A " \ X K# !   M :N

2,
. (C$,5& $,$ F8) $A    = 9T K=8 ; # 2!$ C$,5&  K,958 "! 0& Y$! :"S'*

:M#% N 4+IL!


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:"S'*
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 @9  ;  SZ8 P9g C/ Le # $8 4\ 99[6
:P9g C/ X 09\ V %$6
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99[ ! # K=$ C$,5& $,$ lT K$  9
 '
:  & % \ X

N
N

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l &/ Q! &# K! # h K$Z!  0,'aN8  $! \ X P& K$
% ! %58 4\ 99[
%

V
=
V

N
V V
N
V

100

.
,5A K$A% \ X 4\ <9 ! V V / E
 ZT

gr
cm

<5\! / .6I # . $! 63.54 gr mol ; # 1.278A ; F$M FCC $,$ K o $c

Q
:d .
4 63.54

=
6.02 10

23

4 1.278 10

8 3

= 8.93

gr
cm3

Q 
T BCC ! FCC C$,5& $;,$ # HC$ @' P& P9g C/ X  P& %58 4\ 99[  * 9*
k\ h K$Z!  $   & % BCC \ X 2 ! & % 09\  \ X K# !  4 "FCC  &$/ # :;$+
.
4
FCC BCC
2
3

4r 4r
2

V 2 V bcc V fcc
3 2

=
100 =
100 = + 8.1%
3
V
V fcc
4r

2+
Q! (Q!$s F$M $! &$A=) QI K$A= L! $A   ' "Y$!  X$f 0&  = / Q! K49,8 :"!'*
 $ .Q  F8 49,8  % ,$ g # Z,5  ?,5! $A  
A S
9T "C$,5& $,$ ! $
 Q = /
$,$ # HC$ 0A/  ha 09\ ;4\ L99[ K%$ K! X$f K! . ' 8a0& ;8  $A  lM3 L@'
: & 910 c K$  a = 0.3647 $! fcc $,$ ! a = 0.2910 $! bcc
V 2 ( 0.2910 ) ( 0.3647 )
=
100 = 1.54 %
V
( 0.2910 )3
3

. ! v!$ 4\ 99[ M3  Z $!  Z 0&

: *)V $O-;  IPQ R S TU!


L$k # M! $& K! Q  P& " \ X   .$ KZ8 P& !  Q #$98 $%C$> " & $  K!  $!  ,3
. 9
 =$ $A  K!
U 4EF !
099M (c b "a $! 
M&) \ X K$A%C XG # &$A5 L ! / L$6,I $! 8 \ X   Z8 A Q9M3
# K5 q  (z n) &9?! N8   s r "q ; L$6,I $! P KZ8 \ X "< 0&  $J8 K! .
$! P Q9M3 "0&!$
! .Q z   ,  c XG # K5 s y   ,  b XG # K5 x. r   ,  a XG
Q $& $$ $!   0& "3 v%G ! "0& ! =  . 099M "P& K $5 $&   &$Z $! q r s L$6,I # =$k,
. 8;8   A # K?&

 Z "
(X  "6! D =  !) q D]^
. ? $  M P N- " q r s +,,A* e %H
" _
e  1,- s  r D]^
.X  ? $  [; $ f a ! X  x  O
 
  qa =#
. - 
+,,A* z  y / O

22

. 9
 099M 

1 1
1 L$6,I $! KZ8 Q9M3 "(a) &#   =  = $J8 \ X K! :$c

4 2

10
"e$! \$% !  $! "0& ! =  .=c/nm =b/nm "=a/nm #
$% \ X 0& K$A%C K$AXG (a)  #
X U % #  ,! "Q =  = $J8 (b)    8$;A "0&!$
! . s =

1
1
r = 1 " q = :#
$% XG K$A5
2
4

1
(0.48nm ) = 0.12nm =# 8 ! (M Z8) \
4
= A$J (b)    8$;A "$,&$ 8 . &  O Z8 ! N Z8 # y  L# ! rb = (1)(0.46nm ) = 0.46nm
"$ !$J, . 9
 Q\ (N Z8 !) x  XG  \ qa =

! 1! P Z8 0& . &  P Z8 ! z   ,  sc =

1
(0.40nm ) = 0.20nm =# 8 ! Q9M3 0& # "
2
1 1
.Q 1 L$6,I
4 2

. 9
 099M  BCC \ X ; K$AQ9M3 h$; L$6,I :$c

  QJA 
M& " \ X  $A  h$; K$A@ K$A ! ; Q9M3 L$6,I "| n BCC \ X K! :?
. 8=  Kiah$8 = $J8 &#   $AQ9M3 0& . 1! K@  $Aa

BCC \[   

ZN- %L\

2
 ,  \ X XG 5  3 L$6,I ,59 U %  Q9M3 0& .Q " =$; Q9M3 K! Z8 L$6,I
X$& XG P& =# 8 ! Z8 0&  $48/ # " =$; Q9M3 K! "0& ! =  .Q a a "a <9 ! "z y "x K$A
Q ! / K!  KZ8 L$6,I  Q a a "a <9 ! / K$AXG 5 " 3 x   ,  \ X
 e$! &6 K  KZ8 KG! KZ8 L$6,I z y "x K$A  ,  \ X X$& XG 5 &# X  . &/
. A $J8
4 S # W) !
X'A$ #Y $ *#
8 9
: G &$!  &# \ L$  9o& 8 0,'$& K!
. 9
 p$I,8 aQ =IC o x y z $6,I =$?, P& * VC
. 9
   ,! KZ8 L$6,I #  Q  ! K$ ,8 KZ8 L$6,I * p
. 9
 & % ^9   0&PT !  $A/
$! K5   $\      * m
. 9A 3 [ ]   Q   = / Q!   * L
: 9
 099M  =  = $J8 L$  9o& 8 &#   :$c

:?
:A Q 
0
A= 1
0

0
1
1

0
0
1

.Q 0 0 1 L ! A Q  9o& 8 og


:B Q 
1

2
B= 0
0

0
1
0

1
=

2
1
0

  $\   og l 9
 p_ $A5 qI t,J p 0&PT   $A/ l
,5A K5 $\    $/ #
.Q 2 1 0 L ! B Q  9o& 8 l 9
 p_ .Q 1 0 1 L ! AB Q  9o& 8 Y
:C Q 

21

0
A= 1
1

1
0
0

1
1
1

.Q 111 L ! C Q  9o& 8 og


:D Q 
0
E 0
1
3

1
, F 0
2
3

1
EF = 0
1
2

0
1
2
1

1
1
2
1
2

  $\   og l 9
 p_ $A5 qI t,J p 0&PT   $A/ l
,5A K5 $\    $/ #
.Q 2 1 1 L ! D Q  9o& 8 l 9
 p_ +
:"!'*
.Q !$J (Q k9> ^9 n) [ nh nk nl ] Q  $! [ h k l ] Q  *
!Q598 0,' p> Q; ! !$J 0,' u Q; ! @aA .Q598 $5n& h k l Q  $! [ h k l ] Q ~+
[XZ; $*#
# W) >
$Z K K$A!   K5 .E $9! 5& 8 $ T o& 8  r   !   X$8a@?A K$A ,59 9 o& 8
$ T L$6,I ,59 # =$k, $! . 8 8  !$J K$Ao& 8 "X$M K! K$AQ  # M!  Q 0&   raS
.()  %> J 0& !  o& !~9 K

 * ",
h - I"3/  (h"",
e) e aT ? $  " D]^
/ O
6, %g
X  *

0& ! z  . 8 3 " A ! Q%58 K$A& #$! ( = 9$8 &$g k ) k P&  a3 a2 "a1   A
8 HIJ o& 8 $ T $! "
&/ Q ! e$!  =  = ^9_ r  !  "Q  K$Ao& 8 .Q ; &$g Kk
 r   .Q &$g Kk  a3 a2 "a1   K  ! Q  &6 X  o& 8  . 8 = $J8 [uvtw] L !
. &9a N8   z a2 "a1 K$A 5& 8

2&
~9  8  $ 8/ &# R!  # =$k, $! Q'$&  &$  9 o& 8  ,!  &$ $ T 9 o& 8 0,'$& K! :"S'*
.E & % &$ $ T o& !
: h$48 &# R!  # =$k, $! ( [uvw] [uvtw] ) 5& 8 $ T ,59 ! 5& 8  ,59 & % :"S'*
n
( 2u v )
3
n
v = ( 2v u )
3
t = n (u + v )
u=

w = nw
&$$ T ,59 o& 8 ! 1! &g  ! K$Ao& 8 Q 5& 8  r  ! 1! () &g Q $! K$Ao& 8 $4
& 
. $! h#e "0; ^9   0&PT ! $Ao& 8  =$ Q 0; "  ` e$!   8$;A ,%C . Q o& !~9
.Q =  ,'a N8  e$! R!   n <&_ D& G$ 09;A !
: U #* 9)7
LD =

 3 Q  ! K  $A/ @  &$A   M


Q  ! XG

.Q \ X P& %$ K$


% :"!'*
: U , ,( 9)7
LPF =

8 3 Q  ! K  $A/ @  &$A  XG


Q  ! XG

= LD 2r

4IPQ # W) !!


X'A$ #Y $ *#
8 9
: G &$!  &# \ L$k 9o& 8 0,'$& K!
. 9
 p$I,8 aQ <$
 o x y z $6,I =$?, P& * VC
!  $ k !  $ U % # XG .
 23  / $& Q K# $A # P& A $! K! Kk $& "e$\ ~p
. 099M c b "a % K$A,$g <5\
Q&$ 8!   $! K#  P& $!  Kk !  $ U % K$' . &9a N8     0& o! ~m
.Q'a N8  k  / o& 8 0&!$
!  '
. & % "0; ^9   0&PT ! "t,J $ P& ! 95Z $& p_ $!    0& "h @C L ~L
.(hkl) : 8 ,8 @,8g P&  "$A/ 09!  $$ # =$k,  ! "^9 K$Ao& 8 "$,&$ 8~
. HIJ G! o& 8 K  ! $
 $& $! Q $! "U % ! Q%58 k
 Q   $A $! ! 
8& S&/ "9  K! "0& ! =  .;8 & % () ! (+) " o& Kg L$MC$ K! f) ;8 h$48 o& 8  =$ "A$a *
. $! , L $k " o& 8 $! Kk $! Q 0; "=  =$ o& 8 $! L$k K!

2'
:"S'*
.E Z,
 ?& <$
 KZ8 D& !   % &$! "i?! L$6,I  % # k E   ~
.E  9g  L$6,I K$A ! k 2G$Z  ,8$/  L$6,I  % 99[ $! L$3  A$a ~+
.Q598 $5n& (Q k9> ^9   D& n ) (nh nk nl) Kk $! (h k l) k ~?& ]G  K $5 K$' $!  A $J8 X  Kk $!  !$J Kk "$Ao& 8 h$; K$AQ  o! ~
.Q K# C  Kk $! , 3 U %

.Q $5n& k 9 o& 8 $! k X$8 Q  o& 8 %Mn K$An%  ~y
: 9
E 099M &# %Mn X$,5&E   =  = $J8 L$k 9 o& 8 :9*

:?
:A k 9 o& 8
  % $E ,\ K! .E Z,
 &  Z8 D& !  L$6,I  % &$! og "ia L$6,I  % # 4k 0& E &$48/ #
: & QC$\ 0&  . 9
E Z,
 () Z8 !

$A $! ! 


u'   on
^9   ! & %

 x -*

 y -*

 z -*





~
~
~





.Q (111) L ! k 0& 9 o& 8 og


:B k 9 o& 8
x -*

y -*

z -*

$A $! ! 

1
3

u'   on
^9   ! & %

.Q ( 030 ) L ! k 0& 9 o& 8 og


:C k 9 o& 8
" $! 
A R!  # =$k, k   , ! #$98 M' L$6,I K$A ! 1$Z8 E  9g 0& E &$48/ #
1
: & QC$\ 0&  . 9
E Z,
 11 Z8 !   % $E ,\ K!
2

2(
 x -*

 y -*

 z -*

$A $! ! 

1
2

1
2

u'   on
^9   ! & %

.Q ( 2 0 2 ) L ! k 0& 9 o& 8 og


JX'A$ $*#
 IPQ # W) >
L$k 9 o& 8 E  9g \ 9% \ .

E $9! 5& 8 $ T r  !  X$8a@?A K$A ,59  L$k 9 o& 8


:Q 3! &# ! (hkil) k 9 $Ao& 8 09! QC$\ 0&  .Q C$8a@?A9> K$A ,59 
i = (h + k )
.E HIJ  o& 8 + "X  o& 8  # Q '$E 9 o& 8 099M K! 0&!$
! :"S'*


:$c

. 9
E 099M  &#  =  = $J8 L$k 9 o& 8

:?
:A k = !~9 o& 8
L$6,I K$A 9
E Z,
 () KZ8 f &  KZ8 D& !   % 0&!$
! "ia L$6,I  % # A Kk
Q K# a3  $! ~ L$6,I   a2  " L$6,I   a1  A Kk QC$\ 0&  . 9
E $g! Z8 0&  
.! A (11 01) L ! k 0& = !~9 o& 8 "$\   E on $! .
E 23  L$6,I   C 
:B k = !~9 o& 8
$ 8/ p_ $\   E on $! .
E 23

2
3

L$6,I   C  Q K# a3 a2 "a1 K$A $! B Kk


.! A ( 0 0 0 6 ) L ! k 0& = !~9 o& 8 - 

2)
:C k = !~9 o& 8
"$\   E on $! .Q K# C a3  $! ~ L$6,I   a2  " L$6,I   a1  C Kk
.! A (11 00 ) L ! k 0& = !~9 o& 8
:IPQ #* 9)7
PD =

 3 k K  $A/ @  &$A   M


Q  ! XG

.Q \ X P& %$ K$


% :"!'*
:IPQ , ,( 9)7
PPF =

8 3 k K  $A/ @  &$A  Q\$5


Q  ! XG

= PD r 2

: A $J8  h C$,5&E K$An%  =J' L$k L$  &# X  :"S'*


Structure

Directions

Planes

SC

<100>

None

BCC

<111>

None

FCC

<110>

{111}

HCP

<100>, <110> or < 1120 >

(0001), (0002)

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