VIETSTAT 2009:01

Thng 2 nm 2009

H THNG THNG K MI TRNG

Bo co t chuyn cng tc ngn hn ti Vit Nam T ngy 9 thng 02 n ngy 20 thng 02 nm 2009 Martin Lagerstrm - Marianne Eriksson

Bo co t chuyn cng tc ngn hn ti Vit Nam D n: Ngun ti tr: Thnh phn d n: Cc bn tham gia: Giai on cng tc: a im: Tc gi: Tng cng pht trin Thng k Vit Nam trong khun kh Chng trnh Ci cch hnh chnh cng SIDA H thng thng k mi trng C quan Thng k Thy in, GSO Vit Nam 9/02-20/02/ 2010 H Ni, Vit Nam Martin Lagerstrm v Marianne Eriksson

Ti liu ny c thc hin vi s h tr ti chnh t Sida. Nhng quan im trong ti liu ny l nhng quan im c nhn ca chuyn gia v khng th hin quan im chnh thc ca Sida cng nh C quan Thng k Thy in.
2

MC LC Tm tt 1. C s cho t cng tc 2. on cng tc bit phi, cc mc tiu, cc hot ng, kt qu mong mun v nhng quy nh v thng k mi trng 2.1. Chuyn cng tc, cc mc tiu, cc hot ng v kt qu mong mun 2.2. Khung l thuyt v thng k mi trng 3. Cc hot ng 3.1. Cc bo co v ti liu c trc y 3.2. Cc trnh by ca Tng cc thng k v cc bn lin quan 4. Tri nghim thc t v nhng iu thy c 4.1. Thc trng ca thng k mi trng Vit Nam 4.2. Cc vn v mi trng 4.3. Cc mc tiu v mi trng 4.4. Cc ch tiu v mi trng 4.5. Thng k/s liu thng k v mi trng 5. Kt lun v cc kin ngh cho Vit Nam 5.1. y ban lin b/ngnh 5.2. Chng trnh cng tc d kin, 2009-2010 Ph lc 1. Cc iu khon tham chiu Ph lc 2. Chng trnh cng tc Ph lc 3. Thnh phn tham d Hi tho Ph lc 4. Cc cu hi t ra cho cc bn lin quan 4 6 7 7 8 10 10 16 29 30 31 31 31 33 35 35 38 40 42 44 46

Tm tt
Vit Nam ang trong qu trnh xy dng cc ch tiu nhm o lng nhng bin i v mi trng. Vic thu thp s liu c phn ra cho Tng cc Thng k v cc b ngnh khc v trong nhng vn cn lm cn c s phi hp. Mc tiu di hn (tuyn b v nhim v Vit Nam) v h tr chnh thc cho Vit Nam nhm pht trin h thng thng k mi trng tin cy, ph hp v hng n ngi s dng thu thp v ph bin thng k mi trng. H thng ny cng cho php cc bn tham gia vo h thng c th nh gi, qun l v thc hin cc bin php i vi nhng vn mi trng quan trng nht ti Vit Nam. H thng thng k cn c thit k theo cch m nhng ngi s dng quan trng nht trong c khu vc cng v t u c th lin tc theo di/nh gi v ci tin cc kha cnh quan trng nht ca mi trng trong nc. iu ny c thc hin s gip cc bn lin quan n lnh vc mi trng ti Vit Nam c th a ra c nhng quyt nh chnh xc v thit lp cc chin lc v bin php ph hp. Mc ch ca on cng tc ln ny l ra k hoch lm vic chung, gm hai chuyn cng tc ngn hn thc hin vo qu I nm 2009 v 2010 ph hp vi vic h tr nhm pht trin mt h thng thng k mi trng tin cy, ph hp v hng n ngi s dng ti Vit Nam. C s cho cng vic ca chng ti l khung quy nh cho s pht trin h thng thng k mi trng vi cht lng v gi tr s dng cao. Mt phn quan trng ca chuyn cng tc ny l thu thp mt cch c h thng cc thng tin t cc c quan lin quan khc nhau v quan trng nht ti Vit Nam nhm c c cc kin tt v nhu cu i vi s liu thng k mi trng cng nh cc vn mi trng no Vit Nam hin nay ang phi i mt v mong mun gii quyt trong hin ti v trong tng lai. iu ny cng bao gm vic nh gi mc hp tc gia cc c quan lin quan, thc trng v cng tc thng k mi trng ti Vit Nam, nhu cu ca cc c quan lin quan quan trng nht v cch thc qun l cng tc phi hp su hn ti Vit Nam. Trong vic thc hin nhim v ny, cng cn phi iu tra kh nng tip cn s liu cc c quan khc nhau v nhu cu ny. Cc vn khc, v d: quan im ca cc bn lin quan v s thiu s liu v cht lng s liu, nhu cu ca cc bn lin quan, nhng ngi s dng tin mun h tr g lnh vc ny v nhng mong mun ca cc bn tham gia khc nhau i vi s hp tc gia Tng cc Thng k v C quan Thng k Thy in l g, cng c a vo trong nhim v cng tc ny. Kt thc chuyn cng tc, hai cuc hp tng kt c thc hin gia C quan Thng k Thy in v Tng cc Thng k.

Cc kt lun v kin ngh cho Vit Nam ca chng ti i vi bn tuyn b v nhim v Vit Nam bao gm mt phng php tip cn c th tng bc mt thc y vic hp tc su hn v hai xut khc t ra cho hai chuyn cng tc sp ti trong nm 2009 v 2010. Chng ti cng chn thnh cm n nhm lm vic v mi trng ti Tng cc Thng k gm b Trn Th Minh Chu, Ph v trng, b V Th Minh Thy, b Nguyn Thanh T, v ng Phm Xun Lng, nhng ngi gip chng ti trong sut qu trnh cng tc. Chng ti cng gi li cm n ti tt c cc bn tham gia ti Tng cc Thng k v cc B, Ngnh m chng ti gp trong chuyn cng tc, nhng ngi dnh thi gian gii thch v tho lun cc tng mi trng vi chng ti. Chng ti cng chn thnh cm n Tng cc trng Tng cc Thng k cho php chuyn cng tc din ra v lch trnh tuyt vi c c vn di hn Cecilia Hertman thc hin.

1. C s cho t cng tc
Lng phng tin c ng c v p lc t s pht trin nhanh ca nn kinh t Vit Nam trong nhng nm gn y nh hng ngy cng nghim trng ti trng thi mi trng Vit Nam. S pht trin ca nn kinh t gp phn gia tng nhanh chng s lng cc khu ch xut v s lng cc cng ty trong v ngoi nc ng ngha vi vic tng s lng phng tin vn ti nh t, xe my v xe bus. Nhng phng tin ny ang gy ra nhng p lc cho mi trng v cng vi n l mt mc cnh bo nhn thc thp v mi trng trong nhn dn cc vng nng thn gp phn lm nhim ngun nc, rc thi trong nc, vt rc ba bi Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gn y c s gia tng v nhn thc v yu cu ca x hi v Chnh ph Vit Nam v vic pht trin thng tin v thng k v mi trng nhm c bin php v gii quyt cc vn trn. p ng nhu cu ny, Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam bt u hp tc vi an Mch v Thy in trong lnh vc mi trng vo nm 2008 v 2009. Vit Nam, cng vi cc hot ng khc, ang bt u thit lp cc ch tiu nhm o lng nhng bin i v mi trng. B cc ch tiu thng k quc gia (NSIS) c Chnh ph thng qua gn y nhng khng phi tt c cc ch tiu u c bin son. Vic thu thp s liu c phn chia gia Tng cc Thng k v cc b, ngnh khc v cn nhng hot ng khc c s hp tc tt hn. Trc chuyn thm 2 tun ti H Ni vo thng 2 nm 2009 ln ny, C quan Thng k Thy in t chc chuyn cng tc mt tun vo ma xun nm 2008 v cc vn mi trng ti Tng cc Thng k. Mc ch ca chuyn nghin cu nhm a ra tm tt mt khung quy nh cho s pht trin h thng thng k mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp v thn thin vi ngi s dng, iu s cho php cc bn lin quan ti Vit Nam c th nh gi v gim st cc kha cnh mi trng khc nhau trong mt nc. Chuyn kho st l c s rt quan trng cho chuyn cng tc ln ny. Phn trnh by ca cc chuyn gia Thu in trong chuyn nghin cu s c m t chi tit trong Chng 4. Chng ti vi v tr cc chuyn gia n tng vi n v thng k mi trng ti Tng cc Thng k v mun nhn mnh rng n v thng k mi trng ti Tng cc Thng k lnh hi thc s c tt c cc thng tin h nhn c trong chuyn kho st .

2. on cng tc bit phi, cc mc tiu, cc hot ng, kt qu mong mun v nhng quy nh v thng k mi trng
2.1. on cng tc bit phi, cc mc tiu, cc hot ng v kt qu mong mun Mc tiu, cc hot ng v kt qu mong mun t on cng tc bit phi ln ny c trnh by di y. Mc tiu tng qut ca chuyn cng tc ln ny l hng ti ngi s dng, c ngha l tm hiu nhng nhu cu trn quan im chung gia ngi s dng/ngi sn xut s liu. Trong chuyn cng tc ln ny, phn c bn v quan trng ca nhim v l phi tp hp thng tin t cc bn lin quan mt cch c h thng c c tng tt nht v nhng nhu cu i vi cng tc thng k mi trng, nhng vn g Vit Nam ang phi i mt v ang mun gii quyt. on cn phi cn nghin cu v kh nng tip cn s liu trong cc c quan khc nhau i vi nhu cp truy cp thng tin. Nhng vn khc cng c cp n phc v cho cng tc phn tch, chng hn nh l mc hp tc theo th ch gia cc c quan lin quan, quan im ca cc c quan v s thiu ht s liu v cht lng s liu, cc c quan lin quan c nhu cu g, nhng ngi s dng tin mun h tr g lnh vc ny v cc c quan tham gia khc nhau trng i g i vi s hp tc gia Tng cc Thng k v C quan Thng k Thy in. Chuyn cng tc Mc tiu di hn (mc ch chuyn cng tc) ca s h tr theo th ch cho Vit Nam l pht trin mt h thng sn xut v ph bin s liu thng k mi trng, gip cc c quan bn lin quan ch cht nh gi v gim st cc kha cnh mi trng quan trng nht. Mc tiu Mc tiu ca chuyn lm vic hai tun trnh by mt k hoch cng tc chung gm 2 chuyn lm vic ngn din ra vo qu I nm 2009 v 2010 tng ng vi s h tr pht trin h thng thng k mi trng tin cy, ph hp v hng n ngi s dng ti Vit Nam. M t cc hot ng Chuyn lm vic u tin trong lnh vc mi trng tin hnh cc hot ng sau: nh gi hin trng cng tc thng k mi trng ti Vit Nam, nhu cu ca cc c quan hu quan quan trng nht v lm th no qun l vic phi hp trong tng lai ti Vit Nam. nh gi c s cho vic pht trin h thng thng k mi trng vi cht lng cao ph hp vi khung quy nh ca C quan Thng k Thy in i vi h thng mi trng, v d: cc vn v mi trng, cc mc tiu, cc ch tiu, s liu T vn v vc nh hng v tp trung cho s pht trin h thng thng tin thng k mi trng tin cy, ph hp v t c s vo ngi dng tin.
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 Chun b k hoch lm vic chi tit cho s pht trin thng k mi trng ph hp vi cc lnh vc quan trng nht v cc quan tm v mi trng. T vn v t chc cng tc thng k mi trng. Cc chuyn cng tc, t vn v o to tip theo. Tt c cc hot ng trn s c thc hin vi s hp tc v h tr ca cc chuyn vin ca Tng cc Thng k. Cn c bit ch ti cc yu cu t v H thng Ti khon Quc gia, n v ang trong qu trnh xy dng cc ti khon v mi trng. Kt qu mong mun Kt qu mong mun theo cc quy nh (cc iu khon tham chiu) i vi on cng tc bit phi l: Bo co nh gi v thc trng hin nay ti Vit Nam. t c s nht tr gia cc c quan c lin quan ch yu ti Vit Nam v cc vn mi trng quan trng nht y. iu ny cng bao gm vic bt u tnh ton v la chn cc vn v mc tiu ch yu cho mi vn cn quan tm, t cc bn c lin quan c th tip tc gim st v thc hin cc o lng ph hp. K hoch lm vic cho s pht trin v thc hin thng k theo yu cu. 2.2. Khung l thuyt v thng k mi trng H thng thng tin mi trng (EIS)
S liu Cc ch tiu DPSIR Hp l T chc Thc trng Quyt nh ca mi trng ngi dng tin Thc trng mi trng Phn tch Kt lun Ni dung

Cc vn

Mc tiu quc gia

Khun kh php lut

Hip c quc t
Cc hng dn, ngh nh

Hp tc Cc ti khon v mi trng

Thc hin cc quyt nh

Hnh 1. Khung c s chung cho s pht trin h thng thng tin thng k mi trng i vi mt nc t cht lng cao cho ngi dng tin.

Khung c s ca H thng thng tin mi trng m t mc tiu di hn (mc ch chuyn cng tc), qua cc c quan lin quan chnh trong lnh vc mi trng ti Vit Nam c th thu thp, phn tch, ph bin v cng b thng k mi trng, iu ny cho php nh gi v gim st cc kha cnh mi trng khc nhau. Khung quy nh chung ca h thng thng k mi trng quy nh rng cc vn /s quan ngi v mi trng, c cp quc gia v quc t, u phi gn lin cc mc tiu, cc ch tiu v s liu thng k. H thng nhn mnh tm quan trng ca vic tp trung vo nhng nhu cu v thng tin, l im bt u. Cc ch tiu v s liu cn c bin son da vo nhng yu cu v mc tiu. Quan trng l thng tin v s liu thng k phi c cht lng cao bng vic thc hin cc quy trnh thu thp thng k tt. S liu thng k l c s cho vic ra quyt nh nht l sau khi cc s liu c phn tch v ph bin theo hnh thc d hiu cho ngi s dng. Vn quan trng c bn i vi ngi ra quyt nh l c c mt bc tranh r rng v n gin v iu g ang xy ra vi cc vn mi trng quan trng nht, t c th c nhng hnh ng thng qua vic thc hin chin lc ph hp. Thng tin thng k c thu thp theo tng vn v mc tiu mi trng c xc nh cn c t chc theo h thng DPSIR. Vic cng b c th c thc hin theo cch tng vn mi trng s c x l ring bit, iu ny c li th l ngay khi s liu thng k c bin son lin quan n mt vn th s liu thng k s c xut bn, s dng v cng b. Mt cch khc l xut bn s liu thng k mi trng theo hnh thc trn gi, trong tt c cc vn c m t bng nhng con s. Cch la chn ny c th c a thch hn, chng hn trong mu Bo co thng k mi trng quc gia nh k 5 nm vi phng php tip cn c tnh phn tch nhiu hn.

3. Cc hot ng
nh gi v thc trng hin ti ca cng tc thng k mi trng nh gi v thc trng hin ti ca cng tc thng k mi trng ti Vit Nam c da trn c s cc bo co lin quan n cc on cng tc trc y do Lin hp quc t chc. nh gi ny cng da trn c s cc chuyn lm vic v phn tch nhu cu thc hin trong thi gian on cng tc u tin ny ti cc c quan ch yu trong lnh vc mi trng (xem ph lc 2, Chng trnh cng tc) cng vi cc ti liu c lin quan khc thu thp c trc v trong thi gian on cng tc ti Vit Nam. 3.1. Cc bo co v ti liu trc y Cc bo co v ti liu trc y m cc chuyn gia Thy in c trc v trong chuyn cng tc c lit k di y: Lut Thng k v H thng ch tiu Thng k quc gia (NSIS). K hoch xy dng chin lc pht trin Thng k Vit Nam (NSAP). Bo co ca GSO-UNDP v cc ch tiu mi trng trong NSIS v khung gim st nh gi SEDP/M&E, bo co tng kt 3/2008. K hoch pht trin kinh t x hi (SEDP). Cc mc tiu pht trin ca Vit Nam (VDG). 3.1.1. Lut Thng k v H thng ch tiu Thng k quc gia (NSIS) Lut Thng k c Quc hi thng qua nm 2003 theo vn bn lut s 04/2003/QH 11. Mt ni dung trong Lut l v H thng thng tin thng k. Ti iu 8: Thm quyn ban hnh h thng ch tiu thng k quy nh: 1. Cn c vo yu cu nhim v pht trin kinh t - x hi, Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh h thng ch tiu thng k quc gia. H thng ch tiu thng k quc gia l c s phn cng, phi hp trong hot ng thng k, xy dng chng trnh iu tra thng k quc gia, xy dng ch bo co thng k tng hp v ch bo co thng k c s. 2. Cn c vo h thng ch tiu thng k quc gia, B trng, Th trng c quan ngang b, Chnh n To n nhn dn ti cao, Vin trng Vin kim st nhn dn ti cao ban hnh cc ch tiu thng k phc v yu cu qun l, s dng thuc ngnh, lnh vc ph trch. Tuy nhin, bt u t nm 2004, Chnh ph b sung Ngh nh cho Lut Thng k quy nh ti mi b u phi c b phn lm cng tc thng k (Ngh nh 40/2004/N-CP ngy 13 thng 2 nm 2004, Th tng Chnh ph, Hng dn vic thc hin Lut Thng k) v ti nm 2007, Th tng Chnh ph nhn mnh rng tt c cc c quan hnh chnh v cng ty nh nc phi c nhn vin hoc b phn
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hoc mt ban qun l mi trng. Cn c theo Ngh nh ca Th tng Chnh ph, Chnh ph quyt nh: Thnh lp cc b phn v mi trng ti B Ti nguyn Mi trng, B Cng thng, B Y t v B Xy dng v B Giao thng Vn ti. Phn cng cng tc qun l mi trng cho cc V Khoa hc v Cng ngh cc b v i tn thnh V Khoa hc, Cng ngh v Mi trng. Thnh lp Lc lng Cnh st mi trng thuc B Cng an. Nng v th ca b phn qun l mi trng cc S ti nguyn mi trng ti tnh ln cp phng. Thnh lp b phn qun l v ngun thin nhin v mi trng c t 1-3 ngi ti cp huyn theo di cc vn v mi trng. Giao nhim v theo di v mi trng cho nhn vin cp x chuyn trch v qun l t v xy dng. Tng cng 2-3 nhn vin ti cc khu cng nghip c khu kinh t gii quyt vic qun l mi trng. Quy nh v nhim v qun l mi trng cho cc nhn vin chuyn trch ti tt c cc cng ty Nh nc. H thng thng tin thng k quc gia: Ch th s 40/2004/N-CP quy nh chi tit cc hng dn thc hin Lut Thng k. Ch th trnh by cc b phn cu thnh then cht ca h thng thng k quc gia bao gm h thng ch tiu, chng trnh iu tra thng k, h thng bo co, cc chnh sch ph bin v s dng s liu. Nm 2005, Chnh ph thng qua H thng ch tiu Thng k quc gia (NSIS) vi 24 nhm theo ch v 274 ch tiu bao trm ln cc vn v kinh t, x hi v mi trng. Chnh ph quy nh Cc b, c quan ngang b, c quan trc thuc Chnh ph, To n Nhn dn ti cao, Vin Kim st Nhn dn ti cao, Quc hi, T chc thuc UBND v c quan trung ng ti tt c cc t chc kinh t-x hi chu trch nhim thu thp v tng hp cc ch tiu quy nh trong NSIS thuc phm vi trch nhim, quyn hn ca mnh v cung cp cho Tng cc Thng k tng hp v cng b (iu 4). Nhm th 23 trong NSIS tp trung vo vn bo v mi trng. N bao gm danh sch 16 ch tiu v cc c quan chuyn trch chu trch nhim cung cp s liu cho Tng cc Thng k. Cc ch tiu mi trng c lin quan ti trch nhim ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn (3 ch tiu), B Ti nguyn Mi trng (12 ch tiu) v Tng cc Thng k (1 ch tiu). B Y t v B Cng thng chu trch nhim tham gia tnh cc ch tiu c lin quan ti t l cht thi c hi x ra theo tiu chun c xc nh. Ngoi cc ch tiu trong NSIS, cc b cn c mt danh sch ring cc ch tiu, trong
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 mt s ch tiu nm trong H thng ch tiu thng k quc gia. Khng c s phi hp no gia cc b khi lp danh sch cc ch tiu. H thng ch tiu thng k quc gia Vit Nam (NSIS)
274 ch tiu NSIS cp Apart quc gia
1 1 B NN& PTNT 3

16 ch tiu bo v mi trng
12 B TNMT 1 TCTK

B, ngnh c lin quan

B Y t

B Cng thng

B ch tiu ca tng c quan

127

231

>200

Hnh 2. Minh ha H thng ch tiu thng k quc gia Vit Nam (NSIS). Hnh 2 minh ho h thng ch tiu thng k NSIS ti Vit Nam do Chnh ph quyt nh v bao gm 16 ch tiu c lin quan ti lnh vc mi trng. Hnh ny cng cho thy mi b chu trch nhim bao nhiu ch tiu, v d Tng cc Thng k 1 ch tiu v B Ti nguyn mi trng 12 ch tiu. Bng 16. Cc ch tiu lin quan ti mi trng M s Nhm, tn ch tiu 23. Bo v mi trng 2101 2102 2103 2104 2105 2106 Din tch v t l che ph rng Din tch rng t nhin b suy thoi S v v din tch rng b chy, b cht ph S v thin tai v mc thit hi Hm lng mt s cht c hi trong khng kh T l ngy c nng cc cht c hi trong khng kh vt qu tiu chun cho php
12

K cng b

C quan chu trch nhim thu thp, tng hp B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng

Nm 2 Nm Qu, nm Thng, nm Nm Nm

2107 2108 2109 2110 2111 2112 2113 2114 2115 2116 2117

Hm lng mt s cht c hi trong nc Hm lng mt s cht c hi trong nc bin ti mt s ca sng, ven bin v bin khi Hm lng mt s cht c hi trong trm tch ti mt s ca sng S v, s lng du trn v ho cht r r trn bin, din tch b nh hng T l rng c dng c bo tn T l t c bo v, duy tr a dng sinh hc Din tch t b thoi ha Din tch canh tc khng c ti tiu hp l Mc gim lng nc ngm, nc mt S sui kh cn theo ma hoc vnh vin T l cc doanh nghip c cp chng ch qun l mi trng T l cc th, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, cm cng nghip x l cht thi rn, nc thi t tiu chun hoc quy chun k thut quc gia tng ng T l cht thi nguy hi x l t tiu chun, quy chun k thut quc gia tng ng T l nc thi ca cc c s sn xut, kinh doanh v dch v c x l t tiu chun quy nh T l cht thi rn thu gom, x l t tiu chun, quy chun k thut quc gia tng ng Chi cho hot ng bo v mi trng Ch s bn vng mi trng Lng kh thi gy hiu ng nh knh bnh qun u ngi (GHG)
13

Nm Nm Nm Nm Nm Nm 2 nm 2 nm 2 nm 2 nm Nm

B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn - Ch tr: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng - Phi hp: Tng cc Thng k - Ch tr: B Xy dng - Phi hp: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng - Ch tr: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng - Phi hp: B Cng Thng, B Y t - Ch tr: B Xy dng - Phi hp: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng - Ch tr: B Xy dng - Phi hp: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng - Ch tr: B Ti nguyn v Mi trng - Phi hp: B Ti chnh, Tng cc Thng k Tng cc Thng k B Ti nguyn v Mi trng

2118

Nm

2119

Nm

2120 2121

Nm Nm

2122 2123 2124

Nm 2 nm 2 nm

3.1.2 K hoch xy dng chin lc pht trin Thng k Vit Nam (NSAP) Quyt nh s 141/2002/Q-TTg ca Chnh ph cng b v Pht trin ca Ngnh Thng k vit Nam n nm 2010. Quyt dnh ny da trn Lut T chc Chnh ph ngy 25 thng 12 nm 2001 v Ch th s 25/CT-TTg ngy 19 thng 8 nm 1998 v Tng cng v hin i ho ngnh Thng k Vit Nam. Quyt nh ny thit lp khun kh cho s pht trin ca ngnh Thng k c v ni dung, k thut, ph bin thng tin v hp tc vi cc b ngnh lin quan. Cc ni dung nhn mnh Ci tin v chun ho cc sn phm thng k v thi gian, ni dung v cu trc, phng thc bin son, gm: cc bo co thng k kinh t -x hi, nin gim thng k nm, kt qu cc cuc tng iu tra v iu tra, cc n phm thng k theo chui thi gian (5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm ), cc phn tch v d bo thng k, cc bi bo v tp ch v thng k v Tin hnh cc cuc iu tra hng nm v theo thi k c s hp tc cht ch gia Tng cc Thng k v cc b/ngnh lin quan. Quyt nh cng cng b Tng cc Thng k c php s dng c s d liu th do cc b ngnh lin quan thu thp phc v mc tiu qun l ca mnh, nhng phi tun th nguyn tc bo mt. K hoch hnh ng thc hin nh hng pht trin ngnh Thng k Vit Nam n nm 2010, ngy 16 thng 1 nm 2003 Chng trnh ny bao gm mc tiu tng qut pht trin ngnh Thng k Vit Nam. Mc tiu chung c chia ra 7 mc tiu c th. Thng k nh nc, gm h thng thng k tp trung v thng k cc B, ngnh cn khn trng xy dng v tng bc trin khai cc chng trnh sau y: Chng trnh hon thin v tng cng mi trng php l cho cng tc thng k. Chng trnh hon thin h thng cc sn phm thng k v xy dng chnh sch ph bin thng tin thng k. Chng trnh ci tin, hon thin phng php thng k v h thng thu thp s liu thng k. Chng trnh pht trin v ng dng cng ngh thng tin trong ngnh Thng k. Chng trnh cng c t chc v pht trin ngun nhn lc cho cng tc thng k. Chng trnh tng cng c s vt cht - k thut cho cng tc thng k. Chng trnh tng cng hp tc quc t trong lnh vc thng k. Mi mc tiu c th c trnh by chi tit. 3.1.3. K hoch pht trin kinh t- x hi 5 nm 2006-2010, thng 3 nm 2006 K hoch pht trin kinh t-x hi 5 nm giai on 2006-2010 ca b K hoch v u t tp trung vo cc phng hng v nhim v ca Chin lc pht trin 10 nm
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(2001-2010). Trong nh gi cho giai on k hoch 5 nm giai on 2001-2005, cn c nhng tn ti l cc cuc iu tra c bn cha c thc hin mt cch ton din, tnh hiu qu thp v khng p ng c yu cu v thng tin. S liu thng k vn tip tc khng c b sung, cp nht hoc thm nh. Qun l thng tin thng k cha tt. K hoch cho cc nm tip theo gm k hoch pht trin trn 19 lnh vc. Lnh vc th 7 l Cc ngun lc t nhin, mi trng v pht trin bn vng. Trong k hoch c nhiu mc tiu chung nh Qun l, khai thc, s dng hp l v hiu qu cc ngun lc t nhin (t, nc, khong sn, mi trng, ) p ng yu cu pht trin ca nn kinh t, xo i v gim ngho m bo s pht trin bn vng ca t nc. ng thi c 15 mc tiu c th cn t c ti nm 2010. Trong mc Cc gii php v chnh sch chnh nhn mnh Thc hin cc chng trnh v d n mt cch ton din thng qua vic tin hnh cc cuc iu tra c bn, qun l vic khai thc v bo m s dng c hiu qu cc ngun lc t nhin v bo v mi trng cho pht trin bn vng (cn u tin cho lu vc cc sng, vng kinh t nhy cm v cc khu sinh thi). 3.1.4. Bo co ca GSO-UNDP v cc ch tiu mi trng trong NSIS v khung gim st nh gi SEDP/M&E, bo co cui cng thng 3 nm 2008 D n ny c UNDP ti tr v do UNDP v ban qun l ti Tng cc Thng k iu hnh. Trong nm 2006-2007, Tng cc Thng k lm vic vi cc b, ngnh c lin quan chun ho v cc nh ngha, phng php thu thp v h thng bo co cho tt c cc ch tiu trong NSIS (2005) gm c cc ch tiu lin quan ti iu kin mi trng. Tuy nhin, Tng cc Thng k cng cho rng s lng cc ch tiu mi trng c quy nh trong NSIS l rt hn ch khng phn nh y c thc trng mi trng ti Vit Nam. Cc ch tiu cng cha theo di v nh gi v cc chng trnh mc tiu c lin quan c nu trong K hoch pht trin kinh t-x hi 20062010. B K hoch v u t ang xy dng S tay Gim st nh gi (M&E), n s gm cc nh ngha v cc ch tiu mi trng cho gim st nh gi. NSIS cng vi Khung c s cho gim st nh gi chng trnh SEDP s cung cp cn c php l cho cng tc thng k mi trng. Tuy nhin, vic hon thnh c b ch tiu hu ch nht; r rng v d hiu cho ngi thc hnh chng v l c s cho thu thp c s liu thng xuyn, ng tin cy v nht qun cung cp cho nhng h thng ny vn cn gp nhiu kh khn. Mc tiu chung ca D n l: Trnh by danh sch cc ch tiu mi trng ct li cho gim st nh gi chng trnh SEDP, cc yu cu thng tin ca NSIS v cc yu cu qun l mi trng ca cc b.
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 H tr cc b chu trch nhim v cc vn v mi trng nh B Ti nguyn Mi trng v B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn trong vic xy dng v duy tr h thng thu thp s liu cho danh sch cc ch tiu mi trng ct li nhm m bo s liu thng k mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp, nht qun v kp thi. Tng cng s hp tc gia Tng cc Thng k v cc b trong thu thp, bin son v ph bin thng tin thng k mi trng. Theo yu cu ca Ban qun l d n ti Tng cc thng k, bo co tp trung vo 16 ch tiu mi trng c nu nn trong NSIS. Bo co ngh cc cch lm r hn 16 ch tiu v truyn t chng hiu qu hn. Bo co cng r sot li cc hng dn m Tng cc Thng k cung cp cho B Ti nguyn Mi trng v B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn khi s dng cc ch tiu v nu ln cc kin ngh v cch thc hon thin cc ch tiu . Theo phn tm tt v cc pht hin trong bo co: 1. Cc ch tiu mi trng trong NSIS l ch tiu phc. Phn ln 16 ch tiu mi trng trong NSIS thc s l b ch tiu phc hp. Ni mt cch khc, tng ch tiu u l ch tiu gp cn phi c phn chia thnh mt tp hp gp phn to ra nhiu hn cc ch tiu ring bit cng vi mt phng php tnh gp nh.. 2. Kh c th trin khai c phng php tnh cc ch tiu NSIS. V i vi cc ch tiu gp, s rt kh c th xy dng c phng php cn c tnh ch tiu ny. Mi ch tiu cu phn cn c tnh ri gp li thnh mt gi tr theo mt cng thc. Khi cc cu phn ca ch tiu l t cc dng o lng khc nhau, v d lng nhim, din tch nhim, chiu di b bin b nhim, loi nhim, phng php tip cn chuyn cc thng tin vo mt gi tr ang l rt kh khn. 3. Cn phi c mt din n hp tc v k thut cc ch tiu mi trng. Hin ti cha c c ch hp tc Tng cc Thng k vi B Ti nguyn Mi trng v B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn nh k cng nhau lm vic v cc nh ngha v cc ng dng ca cc ch tiu v mi trng. 4. Cc chc nng ca Tng cc Thng k i vi vic pht trin v p dng ch tiu v mi trng cha c xc nh y . Cn thiu s r rng, c th v cc nhim v m H thng thng k quc gia v Tng cc thng k phi thc hin trong Lut Thng k mi. iu ny c bit ph hp vi vai tr rt quan trng ca ca cc Cc Thng k trong vic h tr v k thut cho cc c quan chnh quyn ti a phng thu thp s liu trn c s nh k phc v cho bo co ca mnh theo yu cu ca NSIS. 5. Cc ch tiu khng hon ton ph hp vi cc ch ca k hoch pht trin. Cn tn ti khong cch gia cc mc tiu v ch n c xc nh trong cc k hoch vi cc ch tiu gim st c s dng o lng tin thc hin cc k hoch . 6. Thng tin thu c thng qua cc ch tiu khng c s dng rng ri v thiu cc knh v cng c truyn thng theo th ch gia ngi sn xut v ngi s dng s
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liu trong v ngoi Chnh ph. 3.1.5. Cc mc tiu pht trin ca Vit Nam (VDG) Theo a ch website: http://vdg.gso.gov.vn c 298 ch s cho cc Mc tiu pht trin Vit Nam, trong c 18 ch s cp ti bo v mi trng bn vng. Trang website ny gm c s d liu ca tt c cc ch tiu. C s d liu ny do UNICEF ti tr. Nhiu ch tiu l chuyn bit v c th tnh c. 3.1.6. Bng hi trc cuc hp Nhm c kt qu ti a ca mi cuc hi tho, bng cu hi gi trc ti tt c cc bn lin quan. Bng cu hi c Tng cc Thng k dch. Bng cu hi ny (xem ph lc 4) c cc chuyn gia s dng nh mt ti liu hng dn trong sut qu trnh tho lun. Sau mi cuc hp, mt s bn lin quan ng gp nhiu thng tin chi tit hn l h c th a ra trong qu trnh hp. 3.2. Cc trnh by ca Tng cc thng k v cc bn lin quan Tng quan v cc c quan lin quan ch yu ti Vit Nam pht trin h thng thng k tin cy, hp l v thn thin vi ngi s dng, iu quan trng l xc nh tt c cc bn lin quan chnh trong h thng v mc hp tc gia cc c quan i vi nhng vn cp bch nht.
B Ti nguyn Mi trng Cng nghip v Xy dng Ti khon quc gia Thng k X hi Mi trng Tng cc Thng k B K hoch v u t
B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn

B Cng thng B Y t B Xy dng

Trung tm quan trc v thng tin mi trng, CEMDI

Nng nghip, Lm nghip v Thy sn Thng mi, dch v v gi c Dn s

Tng cc Mi trng, VEPA

Hnh 3. Cc bn lin quan chnh ti Vit Nam tng ng vi H thng thng k mi trng ti Vit Nam Cng rt quan trng l phi c s hiu bit su v ton b qu trnh lm vic thng tin u vo, qu trnh x l thng tin ti u ra- u vo thng tin, x l v thng tin u
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ra ca tng bn lin quan nh th no. V pha u vo, iu qua trng l phi hiu su v loi thng tin thng k/s liu c bn lin quan thu thp l g, ngun s liu s dng v cht lng ca n, s liu c bn lin quan s dng nh th no (x l) v nhng vn g, yu cu v c hi m bn lin quan dang xem xt lin quan ti ton b qu trnh thng tin ny. V pha kt qu, quan trng l phi hiu c hiu qu s dng ca thng tin thng k/s liu, cng b ch no v cho ai v theo mc tiu nh th no/ti sao S trn y l bc u tin c c cc thng tin c bn lin quan ti iu ny. Hnh 3 m t cc bn lin quan ch yu trong phm vi thng k mi trng ti Vit Nam. Tt c cc bn lin quan c phng vn. Cc ch ca bng hi c tho lun nhm c thm thng tin v mc hp tc theo th ch gia cc bn v vn mi trng no quan trng nht theo nh gi ca tng c quan, Kt qu ca cc cuc hp c trnh by di y: 3.2.1. Thng k X hi Mi trng, Tng cc Thng k Thng k mi trng l mt b phn nm trong V Thng k X hi Mi trng (SESD). V trng l ng Nguyn Phong. B Chu, Ph V trng chu trch nhim v thng k mi trng. Tng s c 5 ngi lm vic v thng k mi trng ti Vit Nam. Thng k mi trng l lnh vc mi v t nc ang trong qu trnh pht trin thng k ny hn na. Mc tiu di hn qun l v kt hp tt c cc loi thng k mi trng, cn thit cho vic hoch nh chnh sch v s l c s d liu quc gia ca Vit Nam cung cp thng tin v mi trng tng t nh SMED ti Thy in. Bn thn b phn mi trng khng sn xut bt c thng k mi trng no. H thng thng k ti Vit Nam l kh phn tn. Tng cc Thng k tip nhn s liu ch yu t hai ngun: Kt qu cc cuc iu tra (iu tra v tng iu tra) v d nh iu tra Doanh nghip v iu tra Nng nghip. Cc b v ngnh (bo co) B Ti nguyn Mi trng v B Nng nghip Pht trin nng thng thu thp s liu v gi cho Tng cc Thng k. B phn ny phi hp v tp hp s liu t 5 n v khc ti Tng cc Thng k. B phn mi trng gi s liu ti Trung tm Tin hc Thng k ti H Ni. B phn mi trng c gng pht trin mt c s d liu t nm 1990 v sau . S liu s bao gm s liu v m theo 8 ch sau: S dng t Nc Cht thi Thi tit
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 Thin tai iu kin sng, quyn tip cn ngun nc sch, h thng v sinh a dng sinh hc Bin i kh hu (giai on lp k hoch) y s l c s d liu u tin trong lnh vc mi trng. Cng tc tng cng h tr v t vn l cn thit i vi c xy dng c s d liu v tin hnh iu tra. Yu cu v s liu mi trng xut hin t: B Ti nguyn Mi trng Mc tiu pht trin thin nin k (MDG). B Ti nguyn Mi trng, B K hoch v u t, cc ch tiu trong NSIS (c 16 ch tiu mi trng, trong Tng cc Thng k chu trch nhim 1) Nm 1999, Tng cc Thng k xut bn mt n phm v thng k mi trng, c -xtry-li-a ti tr. V Thng k X hi Mi trng ti Tng cc Thng k ang tin hnh cc cuc iu tra v iu kin sng. Cuc iu tra gm s liu v s dng nc v x l nc thi cho c khu vc thnh th v nng thn (Cng vi cc s liu khc, cuc iu tra gm s liu u vo cho vic tip tc MDG). 3.2.2. Thng k mi trng ti V Cng nghip v Xy dng, Tng cc Thng k V ny tin hnh cuc iu tra doanh nghip, y l cuc iu tra theo ngnh bao gm c s liu mi trng. Phn v mi trng gm cc cu hi v rc thi, nc thi v chi ph bo v mi trng. Ngoi cc phn khc, h hi thng tin v rc thi ni chung, x l rc thi, x l nc thi v chi ph cho thit b x l rc thi. Tt c cc doanh nghip phi quy nh cc khon u t bo v mi trng. nh ngha v bo v mi trng c gii thch trong bng hi. Cu hi khc l v Chng ch ISO 1401. Chi ph khi s dng cc ngun lc t nhin cng c hi v cc cu hi v thu mi trng s c a vo trong bng hi 2 hoc 3 nm 1 ln. Thng k s dng nng lng s c trin khai trong nhng nm ti vi s h tr ca Sida/SCB. V Thng k Cng nghip v Xy dng thc hin cuc iu tra I-O t nm 1993. Tng iu tra Cng nghip thc hin vo nm 2000 v 2005, cc nm khc gia Tng iu tra tin hnh iu tra mu. Cc cuc iu tra do Cc Thng k a phng tin hnh da trn danh sch cc ngnh v danh sch ring cho cc ngnh mi trng. ng thi cng da trn danh sch cc doanh nghip t c quan thu. Khi tin hnh iu tra, h phi hp vi V Ti khon Quc gia. Trc khi b sung cc cu hi v mi trng vo cuc iu tra, h tho lun vi b phn mi trng ti Tng cc Thng k v B Ti nguyn Mi trng. Cc b cng c quan tm nht nh
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n vic s dng s liu ny tuy nhin h cn hn ch v nng lc, c bit B Ti nguyn Mi trng quan tm s dng trong Bo co v tnh trng Mi trng quc gia (SoE) ca h. S liu t cc cuc iu tra v d s lng doanh nghip v lao ng c cng b trn trang WEB v Nin gim Thng k. Cho n nay khng c s liu mi trng c xut bn do vn v cht lng v thiu phng php lun trong qun l cht lng. Cc doanh nghip c phn loi da trn Bng phn ngnh kinh t cp 3 nhng t by gi Bng phn ngnh kinh t cp 4 s c s dng. iu tra Doanh nghip l cuc iu tra duy nht Tng cc Thng k thc hin v cc vn mi trng. Theo b Chu, vn mi trng quan trng nht ti Vit Nam l chung v rc thi v x l rc thi, iu ny lin quan mt thit vi s pht trin kinh t. Rc thi bnh vin l vn ln khc. 3.2.3. Thng k mi trng ti V Ti khon Quc gia, Tng cc Thng k V H thng Ti khon quc gia ti Tng cc Thng k tnh ton s liu GDP theo qu v hng nm ti Vit Nam theo 7 khu vc khc nhau. S liu GDP c tnh ton cho 63 tnh/thnh ph, c sai s ln v vn v cht lng gia s liu GDP ti cp tnh v trung ng. Bng I-O nm 2008 c chia lm 177 khu vc. Mt v d v vn cht lng lin quan ti s liu xut khu v nhp khu v nhng kh khn khi c lng s liu xut khu v nhp khu qua bin gii vi Trung Quc. S liu xut khu v nhp khu to thnh phn chnh ca s liu GDP ti Vit Nam v sn phm chnh l cc sn phm nng nghip. V Ti khon Quc gia c k hoch thu c thng tin chi tit hn v in nng t Tng cng ty in lc Vit Nam, l doanh nghip thuc s hu nh nc t nm 2009. Cc tiu chun k thut cho mi sn phm hin c, v d nh lng than s dng l bao nhiu sn xut 1kwh in. S liu v cht thi rn t cc doanh nghip khng c bo co v thiu s liu. Vn mi trng quan trng nht theo ti khon quc gia lin quan ti s pht trin nhanh chng ca nn kinh t ti Vit Nam. C s xung t gia pht trin kinh t v mi trng. V d vic tng nhanh s lng cc nh my ti min Nam Vit Nam tng sc p v thc trng v nc ( nhim nng ti cc con sng), nhng khng d g dng li c v iu s gy ra nn tht nghip. u tin i vi chnh quyn l gim ngho ph hp vi mi trng. V Ti khon Quc gia cp n cc vn mi trng sau: S ra tng nhanh chng cc cng ty lin doanh t gn cc con sng vi vic u t cng ngh c.
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 Rc thi rn, nc v nhim khng kh. Kt cu h tng ngho nn, iu ny khng th thy trc c tc ng ti mi trng khng c ai cnh bo c. Ph rng. Tng cc Thng k Vit Nam ang hp tc vi B Y t xy dng mng Ti khon Y t. Tng cc Thng k cng ang c k hoch xy dng mng Ti khon b sung (v tinh) v Du lch. Theo v Ti khon Quc gia vic pht trin Ti khon b sung (v tinh) Mi trng l rt quan trng ti Vit Nam khi so snh vi Ti khon b sung v Du lch bi v nhng tc ng mnh gy nh hng ti nhim ti cc con sng v ngun nc do cc cng ty nc ngoi. V c xem mt vi v d v ti khon nc v cc ch tiu pht trin bn vng trong Ti khon b sung Mi trng. V cng c k hoch tnh GDP Xanh trong nm ti hoc trong tng lai. Ch tiu bo v mi trng s l mt phn quan trng khi tnh ton. 3.2.4. V Thng k Nng, Lm nghip v Thy sn, Tng cc Thng k Chc nng v nhim v ca n v ny c quy nh trong Quyt nh s 643/QTCTK ngy 15 thng 9 nm 2004 ca Tng cc trng Tng cc Thng k. C cc cuc iu tra hng nm v lm nghip v thy sn. Tng iu tra nng nghip c tin hnh 5 nm 1 ln. Cuc Tng iu tra ny gm 7 bng hi: 1. Cho tt c cc h gia nh khu vc nng thn v cc h gia nh hot ng lm nghip v thy sn khu vc thnh th. V d v ni dung gm din tch t gieo trng cc loi cy, s lng gia sc, gia cm, ngun nc sch chnh, loi nh v sinh v my mc thit b. 2. Cho cc h lm kinh t trong lnh vc lm nghip v thy sn. V d v ni dung gm cc hot ng chnh, s dng t, my mc thit b, s lng gia sc, gia cm v din tch nui trng. 3. Cho tt c cc x. V d v ni dung gm dn s, s h gia nh, cung cp nc sch, h thng thi nc, thu gom rc thi, h thng thy li, din tch ti, s dng t v thay i trong s dng t 4. Cc hp tc x nng nghip, lm nghip v thy sn. V d v ni dung gm s dng t v my mc thit b. 5. Cho cc doanh nghip t nhn trong lnh vc nng nghip, lm nghip v thy sn. V d v ni dung gm s dng t, my mc thit b, din tch nui trng, din tch rng trng mi v chm sc. 6. iu tra mu i vi h gia nh nng thn. V d v ni dung gm din tch t v ma v c ti, ngun nc chnh, chi ph thy li, s dng thuc tr su v phn bn theo loi cy v thng tin chi tit v s lng gia sc, gia cm.
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7. V chi ph sn xut ca mt s sn phm chnh nh go, c ph, ln. V d v ni dung gm nng sut ca cc sn phm, chi ph v x l mi trng nh vi. Tng cc Thng k nhn s liu tng hp t cc tnh. S liu c kim tra v lm sch trong khong 1 nm. C nhng vn v cht lng v c s khc bit v trnh gia cc iu tra vin. Phn ln s liu khng th c lng c cc vn mi trng. V d cc vn v mi trng nh s dng t, khu vc thnh th v s dng phn bn trong nng nghip. S liu c cng b theo 3 cch: 1. Cc biu bng c in di dng sch; 2. a CD-ROM; 3. Trang Thng tin in t ca Tng cc Thng k. Ngi dng tin quan trng nht l cc c quan trc thuc chnh ph v B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, thng qua h c th khng nhn thc c y s liu thng k c s dng nh th no. 3.2.5. Cc Mi trng, VEPA Cc Mi trng ca Vit Nam (VEPA) c thnh lp vo thng 9 nm 2008 v c 16 n v trc thuc: 1. Vn phng 2. Thanh tra 3. Php ch 4. Hp tc quc t 5. K hoch v ti chnh 6. B phn t chc 7. Qun l nhim 8. a dng sinh hc v bo tn t nhin 9. Cc Qun l rc thi v ci thin mi trng 10. Cc Thm nh v nh gi tc ng mi trng (EIA) 11. Vin khoa hc v qun l mi trng 12. Trung tm T vn, o to v chuyn giao cng ngh v mi trng 13. Trung tm Quan trc mi trng 14. Trung tm o to v truyn thng mi trng 15. Trung tm Thng tin d liu mi trng 16. Tp ch bo v mi trng n v th 7, 8, 9, 13 tp hp v nhn d liu t cc cuc kho st /iu tra theo d n hoc cc chng trnh nh k hay khng nh k da trn nhu cu thng tin m B trng hoc lnh o khc yu cu.
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D liu nhn c t trm quan st l t ng v nh k. Nhng d liu ny t ng ghi chp bao gm cht lng khng kh, cht lng nc (sau ny). Nhng thng tin nh k c thu thp bi cc chuyn gia iu tra chuyn ngnh. Khu vc v thi gian do Chnh ph quyt nh. D liu t cc cuc iu tra c s dng ch yu tm thng tin v vn c cp nh: nhim cht thi, sinh hc v t, ph rng. Theo VEPA vn mi trng quan trng nht Vit Nam l nhim nc ba lu vc sng ln. Vn nhim ngy cng nghim trng c lin quan n s tng trng nhanh chng ca nn kinh t Vit Nam nhng nm qua. Chnh ph Vit Nam xy dng mt chin lc gii quyt nhng vn ny trong nm 2009 v 2010. Mt phn ca chin lc l danh sch cc cng ty gy nhim sng nghim trng. S doanh nghip danh sch ny tng ln hng nm l vn chnh. Mt phn khc ca chin lc ny l Lut mi trng buc cc cng ty phi tun theo. Vn khc v mi trng m VEPA cp l lin quan n sn xut th cng m ngh cc lng ngh truyn thng. Vic sn xut cc lng ngh ti Vit Nam thc hin bng phng php c truyn khin cho nhim nc tr nn nghim trng v khng c u t cho cng ngh mi. Theo VEPA Vit Nam cn c thng k thc t ng tin cy v kinh t, x hi v cc vn mi trng. Hn na, VEPA tin rng nhng thng tin c bn nh nc, khng kh, h thc vt v t l cn thit c kt ni vi nhng vn quc gia nh s lng cc loi ng vt thc vt, mi trng t nhin vv Loi thng tin th hai m Vit Nam cn c l nhng thng tin v kinh t- x hi, v d nh thng k v pht trin cng nghip, xy dng gy nh hng th no n mi trng, rc thi cng nghip v nh hng ca n n cht lng nc vv VEPA nhn c thng tin t cc cuc iu tra v t Tng cc Thng k. 3.2.6 V K hoch ti chnh, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng B TN & MT hp tc cht ch vi Tng cc Thng k trong nhiu nm qua. Trch nhim thng k mi trng l kh ln i vi V K hoch v Ti chnh. Hin c 4 ngi lm cng vic thng k mi trng. V ny l n v trung gian gia ngi sn xut thng tin v ngi s dng thng tin v c th hp tc vi cc B, Ngnh khc. V K hoch, Ti chnh ca B TN & MT l trung tm thu thp thng tin t cc Cc, n v lin quan lm d liu u vo cho H thng Ch tiu mi trng ca B TN & MT bao gm hn 200 ch tiu chia thnh 7 lnh vc: 1. Lp bn 2. Ti nguyn nc 3. Ti nguyn t 4. a cht v khong sn
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5. Mi trng 6. o lng, thy vn v Bin i kh hu 7. Bin v hi o D liu v thng tin t mi lnh vc c thu thp v bo co t nhng b phn ring bit thuc B TN & MT. V mun xy dng mt h thng d liu vi m theo tiu chun quc t. VEPA ph trch kim sot v gim st mi trng Vit Nam v u mi thu thp v ph bin thng tin. n v ny l tm im cho Chng trnh ngh s 21. Mt danh sch cc ch tiu mi trng ang c xy dng, cc ch tiu lin quan n pht trin bn vng. Hin nay c mt nh gi trong , ch tiu c thu thp d dng v nhng ch tiu cn kh thu thp. Cc vn ln v mi trng theo nh n v ny l: Cht lng nc cc lu vc sng Cht lng nc cc khu vc th nhim khng kh cc th Rc thi t cc h gia nh Rc thi cng nghip Rc thi bnh vin Gi phi tr cho s nhim a dng sinh hc Nn ph rng min ni Bo v l lt Suy thoi t Nng lc qun l, c bit cp a phng 3.2.7 S liu thng k v mi trng t V Thng mi, Dch v v gi c ca TCTK V Thng mi, Dch v v gi c c 4 nhm lnh vc thng k. S liu thng k ch yu lien quan n mi trng l: Ngoi thng S liu thng k xut nhp khu c thu thp hng thng t Tng cc Hi quan v Tng cc Thng k nhn c d liu chi tit hai ln mt nm. Tiu chun phn loi hng ha quc t c s dng. Thng tin c cung cp ch yu l cc ch tiu gi tr. C mt s kh khn vi thng tin v s lng. Mt s loi hng ho xut nhp khu c nh hng ln n thng k mi trng (v d nh cht thi, ha cht v thuc tr su) nhng s liu ny c th c a vo trong c s d liu mi trng. Bun lu l mt vn ln v Vit Nam c ng bin gii rt di.
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iu tra cc h kinh doanh c th y l mt cuc iu tra mu hng nm 280.000 h gia nh vi mc ch chnh thu thp thng tin v s lng, lao ng, sn xut v doanh thu. Cc ngnh ngh kinh doanh c phn loi theo ISIC. Do , khng c cc d liu mi trng tr thng tin v chi tiu cho nng lng. Tng iu tra cc c s kinh t hnh chnh, s nghip Tng iu ny c thc hin 5 nm 1 ln (1995, 2002 v 2007). Tng iu tra bao gm tt c cc c s trong khu cng nghip v lng ngh th cng. i vi c s trong khu cng nghip c thng tin v rc thi v x l nc thi theo cc mc tiu chun. Nhng d liu ny c th c a vo trong c s d liu mi trng ca Tng cc Thng k. Du lch Thng k v du khch nc ngoi thu thp t C quan Hi quan. Hai nm mt ln iu tra v chi tieu ca khch du lch trong v ngoi nc. D liu c thu thp t cc khch sn 12 tnh, thnh ph. Giao thng vn ti Theo phn cng cho B Giao thng vn ti, TCTK thu thp thng tin t ng k xe t v xe ti t B. Nhng d liu ny c th c a vo c s d liu mi trng ti Tng cc Thng k. Hin ti khng c thng tin v s lng xe my, nhng c th trong tng lai s thu thp c t ngnh Cng an. Thng k gi Ch s gi tiu dung (CPI) c thng k hng thng v Ch s gi sn xut (PPI) c thng k hng qu. Ngoi ra cn c mt cuc iu tra so snh gi c quc t (ICP). Vn mi trng chnh l s nhim (khng kh, cht thi rn trong nc sng, nc thi). Khng c hiu bit hoc quan tm v mi trng trong cng ng hay ngnh cng nghip. Cn c yu cu nhiu hn i vi cc nh u t. 3.2.8 V Khoa hc, Gio dc, Ti nguyn v Mi trng, B K hoch v u t B KH & T c nhim v xy dng chnh sch u t cho mi trng trnh Chnh ph. V Khoa hc, Gio dc, Ti nguyn v Mi trng c giao lm vic trong hai lnh vc; cht thi rn v nhim nc ni a. Cc lnh vc chnh l: nhim khng kh nhim nc ni a Suy thoi rng Cht thi rn Bin i kh hu a dng sinh hc nh bt qu mc
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 Suy thoi t Thng tin v mi trng rt quan trng, c bit c cp trong mc tiu thin nin k v chin lc a dng sinh thi. B KH & T cng l ch tch y ban quc gia v pht trin bn vng. y ban ny hp hai nm mt ln. i vi ch tiu SDI, c thng tin v pht trin kinh t - x hi nhng thng tin v mi trng cn thiu nhiu. Thng tin theo chui thi gian l rt quan trng. B KH & T c mt s thng tin v chi ph cho bo v mi trng t cc cng ty nh nc. 3.2.9 Trung tm Thng tin v d liu v gim st mi trng (CEMDI) Theo Trung tm Thng tin v d liu v gim st mi trng (CEMDI), ti GDE B Cng nghip, thng k l rt quan trng i vi tnh hnh hin ti v tng lai ca Vit Nam i vi mi trng. Trong nm 2004 Vit Nam thnh lp mt C quan quc gia v mi trng. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c thnh lp nm 2003. Tng cc Mi trng c thnh lp iu phi v tng hp cc vn lin quan ti mi trng Vit Nam. VEA l mt c quan cp cao hn Cc. VEA bao gm 16 s, ngnh, cc trung tm v vin khc nhau. CEMDI l mt trong bn trung tm. Cc trung tm khc l Dch v CNTT, Trung tm o to v truyn thng mi trng, Trung tm quan trc mi trng Theo CEMDI trch nhim gia cc bn lin quan khc nhau l rt khng r rng thi im hin ti, v i vi cng vic, hp tc trong tng lai, vn rt quan trng l cn lm r trch nhim ca mi bn lin quan ca Vit Nam trong h thng thng tin mi trng vv CEMDI lm vic nhiu nm vi danh sch nhng ch tiu thng k quc gia (NSIS). H xy dng NSIS v mi trng vi s gip t DANIDA. H cng s dng danh sch cc ch tiu t EU v Thy in. D n tp trung vo nc bin, khng kh v tng nc mt. Kt qu ca d n ny l NSIS. D n cng kim tra cc loi thng tin hin c Vit Nam c th c s dng cho ngn hn, trung v di hn. Theo CEMDI vn mi trng quan trng nht ti Vit Nam l: nhim nc lu vc sng Nc thi t sx cng nghip, nng nghip v cc lng ngh Cht lng khng kh ca nhng thnh ph ln (H Ni, TP H Ch Minh) Cht thi rn. Khng ch cc thnh ph m cn nng thn. Cht thi nguy hi bt u l mt vn Cc doanh nghip nhp khu cht thi cht c hi (ti ch v bn cho cc nc khc) Nc thi t cc khu cng nghip, cht lng khng kh (tt c cc vn ) a dng sinh hc (mt vn l lm th no xy dng cc ch tiu)
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 Nn ph rng CEMDI c c mt s d liu lin quan n nhng vn ny t Tng cc Thng k.Trong tng lai gn (2009) CEMDI c th nhn c d liu hu ch hn t cc cuc iu tra doanh nghip ca Tng cc Thng k. CEMDI nhn d liu lin quan n khng kh, nc v cht thi rn t cc trm quan st. Cc trm quan st c th hot ng n nh trn 5 nm. Tuy nhin nhng d liu ny khng c thu thp 1 cch c h thng v ch yu bao gm d liu ca nh nc theo m hnh DPSIR. D liu tc ng theo m hnh DPSIR c th c thu thp t B Y t v d liu phn hi t B TN & MT. CEMDI a ra mt bo co v tnh trng mi trng. Hng nm u c nhng ch khc nhau: Nm 2009 l mi trng cc khu cng nghip, Nm 2008 l mi trng ca sx tiu th cng nghip, Nm 2007 l cht lng khng kh v Nm 2006 l lu vc sng. CEMDI cung cp d liu u ra cho cc bn lin quan v cc cp qun l khc nhau, v d nh B trng, Th trng, cc yu cu t cc bn lin quan khc v d nh cc trng i hc, Vin nghin cu vv Theo CEDMI, c s d liu vi nhng thng tin ng tin cy v thch hp phi c xy dng ti Vit Nam. Hin nay, cn tn ti vn v cht lng s liu, c bit l nhng ni m ngi lm thng k yu v kin thc v phng php thng k. Nm nay CEMDI tin hnh o to rt nhiu v cch s dng s liu thng k v mi trng. S hp tc gia Tng cc Thng k v CEMDI cn phi c tng cng trong tng lai. iu ny rt quan trng xy dng mt h thng thng k v mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp v thun tin vi ngi s dng ti Vit Nam. Mt yu t quan trng khc cho thnh cng l phi lm r trch nhim qun l thng tin v phi hp gia cc bn lin quan. Thng tin thng k tt c u tin cao v theo CEMDI, Tng cc Thng k l c quan quan trng nht trong trong h thng thng k v mi trng ca Vit Nam. 3.2.10 Lm vic vi Trung tm thng tin, tin hc v thng k, B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn (MARD) K t nm 2003 tt c cc B u c mt trung tm thng tin. Bn nhim v chnh ca Trung tm thng tin MARD l thng k, ng dng tin hc, xut bn thng tin v mt th vin in t. Trung tm thng tin gi thng tin ln Lnh o B hng thng. C s d liu ca h cha rt nhiu thng tin v nng nghip nhng thng tin v mi trng cn hn ch. Thng tin c thu thp t cc tnh theo nhu cu ring bit t Lnh o B mt cch khng thng xuyn. Hin nay Chnh ph ang quan tm n vic d bo, v d nh: d bo gi go. Mt v d khc l thng tin c s dng pht trin hng hi v ngun thu sn.
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C mt Hc vin mi thuc B NN & PTNT - Vin nghin cu mi trng c nhim v thu thp thng tin t cc h thng gim st. Cc vn mi trng quan trng nht l s suy thoi v mi trng, c bit cc vng nng thn, tt c cc vn v nc cc lu vc sng, v sinh nng thn v cc khu vc th, vic thiu hiu bit v mi trng trong cc doanh nghip nng thn, s dng ho cht trong nng nghip v nui trng thu sn v nhn thc v mi trng. B NN & PTNT c hp tc cht ch vi Tng cc Thng k. Tng cc Thng k cung cp s liu cho B NN & PTNT v nng nghip, lm nghip v thu sn, nh my ch bin, tu thuyn nh c v.v. Tng cc Thng k nhn s liu v trng rng v cc din tch rng c bo v. S liu v nn ph rng l trch nhim thu thp ca mt n v khc thuc B NN & PTNT. n v ny c mt h thng GIS v l mt trong nhng n v s dng hnh nh t v tinh. c s hp tc cht ch gia Tng cc Thng k v B NN & PTNT v vic s liu cho cc ch tiu thng k quc gia (NSIS) v thin tai. B NN & PTNT cn c s tr gip v thu thp s liu, phng php TK v phi hp vi cc bn lin quan khc. 3.2.11 Lm vic vi V k hoch - B Cng nghip v Thng mi (MIT) Theo Lut Mi trng nm 2005, MIT c trch nhim bo v mi trng trong ngnh cng nghip. Lut ny bao gm tt c cc doanh nghip c sn xut hng ho v dch v. Tn ti mt s kh khn trong vic thc thi Lut ny khi cc quy nh trong Lut i khi cha thc s r rng.. V K hoch l u mi hp tc vi cc B, Ngnh v cc c quan. S liu thng k v mi trng hng nm ca cc doanh nghip nh nc c gi n B Ti nguyn v Mi trng lp bo co v tnh trng mi trng. T nm 2008, B ban hnh quy nh m tt c cc B, ngnh phi bo co v vic qun l bo v mi trng. C 1 s kh khn ch yu c c thng tin t tt c cc doanh nghip. Tng cc Thng k chu trch nhim phi hp vi cc B, Ngnh xy dng mt h thng thng tin ng tin cy. MIT cn nhng s liu v mi trng cho vic lp k hoch, kim sot mi trng v mong mun phi hp vi Tng cc Thng k v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. Hai vn mi trng quan trng nht trong ngnh cng nghip l nc thi v cht thi nguy hi t cc ngnh cng nghip ha cht chuyn bit v khai thc khong sn. Trong s 194 khu cng nghip ch c 50 khu cng nghip c mt s bin php x l nc thi. Cn tn ti nhiu quy nh khng c thc hin. iu quan trng l xy dng mt c s d liu v nc thi. Hin nay, c mt c s d liu vi thng tin c bn t cc trm quan trc, do B Ti nguyn v Mi trng thu thp cp tm thi. i vi Ngnh Cng nghip c bn ngun s liu ngun khc nhau: 1) S liu t B Ti
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nguyn v Mi trng, 2) T cc bo co hnh chnh ca cc doanh nghip nh nc, 3) T doanh nghip a phng, v 4) T cc i gim st mc gii hn. p ng nhu cu cho H thng ch tiu NSIS, B ang xy dng h thng thng tin ring vi cc ch tiu lin quan n sn xut cng nghip. Tng cc Thng k thng bo v cc cuc iu tra thng k i vi ngnh cng nghip. Sau ny, B s lin h vi Tng cc Thng k thu thp mt s s liu. MIT khng chu trch nhim v bt k ch tiu mi trng no trong h thng NSIS. 3.2.12 Lm vic vi Phng Thng k B Y t (MOH) Phng Thng k thuc V K hoch- Ti chnh, c trch nhim cung cp thng tin cho Lnh o B Y t. H c c cu t chc nh cc B khc vi cp tnh v cp huyn. H ph bin cc thng tin v lnh vc y t cho Chnh ph v Tng cc Thng k. Cc y t d phng thu thp mt s s liu v nc sch, v sinh mi trng v Cc qun l Khm Cha bnh c nhng cuc kho st nh i vi cht thi v cht thi t bnh vin. B Y t chu trch nhim v 10 ch tiu trong h thng NSIS, khng c ch tiu no trong s ny thuc lnh vc mi trng. H thng ch tiu chuyn ngnh ca B y t c tng s 127 ch tiu. Cho n nay, khng c s liu no v cc ch tiu thuc NSIS t B Y t. Mt trong nhng trch nhim ca B Y t l nh gi nhng vn mi trng vi cht thi, nc sch v an ninh lng thc, nhng h khng c thng tin v nhng lnh vc ny. Tnh hnh v sinh nng thn l trch nhim ca B NN & PTNT, nhng tnh trng cng thiu thng tin nh vy. Cc v d khc v vic thiu thng tin l: Cht lng nc ung Nc my cc th Cht thi t cc bnh vin Ngoi ra, cn c s thiu nht qun trong thng tin hin c, v d nh thng tin v vic s dng nc. Tng cc Thng k c thng tin t cuc iu tra mc sng ca h cn B Y t c thng tin t cuc iu tra y t quc gia. T l dn s s dng nc ging l 38% t cuc iu tra ca Tng cc Thng k v 20% t cuc iu tra ca B Y t. B Y t c mt m hnh nh gi bnh tt nhng vic thu thp thng tin cn nhiu kh khn. Theo B Y t, Tng cc Thng k nn l u mi v thng k mi trng trong vic hp tc vi cc B khc. H cng nhn mnh tm quan trng ca thng k cp vng, khng ch tp trung cp quc gia. Cn c thng tin cc cp tnh v huyn phc v cc cng tc ca a phng, trong c cng tc lp k hoch qun l.
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Theo vn bn hin ti th c s phn chia trch nhim gia cc B, nhng khi thc hin th khng c qui nh thc s r rng. V d nh B Y t cn thng tin c bn v dn s t Tng cc Thng k, nhng i khi kh khn c c ng loi thng tin. 3.2.13 Lm vic vi B Xy dng (MC) B Xy dng chu trch nhim nm lnh vc chnh; kin trc v quy hoch, qun l Nh nc v lnh vc xy dng, qun l vt liu xy dng, c s h tng k thut v c bit hot ng xy dng ti cc khu cng nghip. Vi vn mi trng, trch nhim ca B bao gm: vic xy dng cc khu cng nghip, pht trin th, h thng nc thi, cht thi (thu thp v x l) t xy dng v cc vn mi trng lin quan n sn xut vt liu xy dng nh xi mng v gm s B Xy dng khng c H thng thng k mi trng. Mt s thng tin v qun l mi trng c t cc c quan xy dng cc a phng, chng hn nh thng tin v qun l mi trng t Cng ty mi trng th (URENCO). B chu trch nhim thu thp 13 ch tiu SDI. Hu ht cc ch tiu ny lin quan n pht trin mi trng. Mt s ch tiu khng c nh ngha r rng, v d nh iu kin v sinh. Vic thu thp s liu hin ti do cp tnh thc hin v cn nhiu kh khn do thiu nhn lc. Ngoi 13 ch tiu SDI, B cn xy dng 30 ch tiu khc, trong c 17 ch tiu lin quan n mi trng. B Xy dng khng phi chu trch nhim v bt k ch tiu no trong NSIS. B NN & PTNT yu cu thng tin v 24 ch tiu lin quan, nhng B Xy dng ch c th cung cp c 3 ch tiu. B Xy dng cung cp thng tin cho B TN & MT phc v cho bo co v tnh trng mi trng. Cc tnh thu thp thng tin v khi lng nc thi v khi lng nc thi qua x l, thu gom cht thi nguy hi ti cc khu vc th v khu cng nghip. B Xy dng c bit cn thng tin v cht lng nc cp cho sinh hot, h yu cu B Y t cung cp thng tin ny. Hai vn mi trng quan trng nht l cht thi rn v nc thi. Ngoi ra cn c vn vi cc bi chn lp. Lut Thng k v cc vn bn php lut khc qui nh r trch nhim gia cc B, Ngnh khc nhau, nhng vn l lm th no thc hin tt. H thng thng k mi trng phi cung cp thng tin n cp tnh. Cho n nay khng c s hp tc gia Tng cc Thng k v B Xy dng. C hai C quan c th c nhng li ch ng k khi tng cng hp tc hn na v c th l nhiu trng lp trong thu thp s liu. Bui lm vic ny coi nh l mt im khi u tt. 4. Kinh nghim v nhng iu thy c t thc t C s phn tch ca chng ti l da vo kinh nghim t thng k mi trng Thy in v cc quc gia khc; tiu chun quc t; kin ngh ca cc chuyn gia t vn v cc kinh nghim ca h t cc dch v t vn khc. c th thit k mt h thng
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thng k mi trng nh th Vit Nam, iu quan trng l xy dng h thng trn c s nhu cu v thng tin thng k mi trng. Tt nht l cc nhu cu ny cn c biu t thng qua chnh sch mi trng quc gia v cc vn mi trng quan trng nht ti Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca on cng tc ny trong hai tun u tin l xut mt k hoch lm vic chi tit pht trin mt h thng thng k mi trng ti Vit Nam. H thng cn cho php cc bn lin quan ch yu ti Vit Nam nh gi v gim st thng xuyn cc vn mi trng quan trng nht vi cc thng tin c cht lng a ra cc quyt nh kp thi. Cc bi trnh by ca cc chuyn gia t vn Thy in trong hi ngh tng kt kt thc chuyn cng tc, cn c nghin cu kt hp vi chuyn i kho st. Chuyn i thm quan trao i kinh nghim ca V X hi v Mi trng - Tng cc Thng k sang Thy in ma xun nm 2008 phi c coi l mt phn quan trng ca cuc hp tng kt ny Cc vn sau y c trnh by trong chuyn thm v hc tp: Thng tin chung v mi trng Khun kh chung xy dng 1 h thng thng tin thng k mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp v hng ti ngi dng tin. Cch sp xp theo th ch i vi thng tin mi trng Thy in Cc mc tiu v cht lng mi trng Cc mc tiu Pht trin Thin nin k Khung php l, cc vn bn Quc gia v Quc t. Khung c s l thuyt theo m hnh DPSIR Thng tin mi trng ca Thy in: n v v Mi trng v Du lch. n v v Qun l mi trng & Ti nguyn t nhin Quy trnh sn xut s liu thng k Thc hnh thng k v mc ich, mc tiu, cc bin s, cc cng c quc gia v quc t cho cc lnh vc sau: Cht thi pht tn trong khng kh Qu trnh pht sinh, phc hi v x thi S dng nc Cht thi pht tn trong nc S dng t Din tch rng c bo v Cht c hi
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 S liu thng k mi trng nng nghip Chi ph bo v mi trng Cc ti khon v mi trng Cc ch tiu pht trin bn vng Xut bn Kinh nghim v nhng pht hin trong thc t ca chng ti ph hp vi vic xy dng h thng thng k mi trng cho Vit Nam c trnh by trong hai hi ngh tng kt c lin quan n cc chng trnh di y. Cc iu kin tin quyt ti Vit Nam c u tin trong tnh hnh hin nay l vn mi trng, mc tiu, ch tiu thng k v thng tin v mi trng. Khun kh chung cho pht trin mt h thng thng k mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp v hng ti ngi dng tin bt c nc no v cc iu khon tham chiu (ToR) cho hai tun u tin ca chuyn cng tc ny. Kinh nghim v nhng pht hin t thc t Tnh hnh hin ti Vit Nam v hp tc gia cc c quan Cc vn mi trng ti Vit Nam Mc tiu mi trng, cc khun kh php l Cc ch tiu mi trng /thng tin /s liu thng k Kt lun v kin ngh Hp tc gia cc c quan - U ban lin b Cc hot ng ca y ban lin b - tng bc tip cn D tho chng trnh nhim v 2009-2010 Tho lun 4.1 Tnh hnh hin nay ca thng k mi trng Vit Nam Tnh hnh hin nay v s liu thng k mi trng Vit Nam c tm tt ngn gn di y. Tt c cc bn lin quan ch yu trong lnh vc mi trng ti Vit Nam c m t trong hnh 3. Vn u tin v quan trng nht l vic qun l /t chc, hp tc ni b trong h thng thng k mi trng ca Vit Nam cn phi c tng cng. iu ny c ngha l cc bn lin quan chnh ca Vit Nam trong h thng thng k mi trng cn lp ra mt y ban lin B.y ban lin B cn phi lm r, qui nh c th trch nhim, nhim v, ngn sch v cch thc hp tc gia cc bn lin quan khc nhau trong h thng. NSIS, Lut thng k v cc Ngh nh ca Chnh ph l mt khi im tt cho vic hp tc cht ch hn na trong lnh vc ny. S cn thit hp tc gia cc c quan cng rt ph hp vi cc kt lun chnh t bo co ca UNDP, v khng nn nh gi thp n c th thnh cng.
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Nhng kinh nghim v pht hin chnh c tm tt di y u ph hp vi khung qui nh chung cho vic pht trin mt h thng thng k mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp v hng ti ngi dng tin i vi bt c nc no, tc l cp n vn mc tiu v mi trng, bao gm cc lut, ngh nh, cc ch tiu, thng tin vv 4.2 Cc vn mi trng c th p ng cc nhu cu v s liu thng k mi trng, cn thit phi xc minh c cc vn mi trng cp bch nht ti Vit Nam. NSIS l mt c s rt tt cho cng tc trong tng lai ca y ban lin b hoc U ban hn hp. Tuy nhin, 16 ch tiu mi trng c Chnh ph quyt nh cn phi c gn vi cc vn mi trng ti Vit Nam. iu ny vn cha c thc hin ti Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, nhng iu thy c t cc chuyn thm - lm vic ca chng ti, v nhng cuc tho lun vi cc bn lin quan khc nhau cung cp cho chng ti mt bc tranh kh y v nhng vn mi trng ti Vit Nam ni chung v nhng vn quan trng nht ni ring. Dng nh cc bn lin quan khc nhau kh pht hin cc vn mi trng quan trng nht. iu ny s gip vic t c mt tho thun chnh thc hoc to thnh mt y ban lin B v k mt bn cam kt c thun tin hn. Phn ln cc bn lin quan u ch ra rng hai vn mi trng nghim trng nht l nc v cht thi. Vn nc, vic nhim ti lu vc sng l rt nghim trng, khng c bic php lm sch nc thi cng nghip hay nc thi sinh hot. Vic tip cn vi nc sch ti cc h dn c vn cn thiu trm trng . Vn cht thi bao gm cht thi t cc c s trong khu cng nghip cng vi cht thi t cc lng ngh, cht thi sinh hot v cht thi t cc bnh vin. Ngoi ra cn c vn vi cc bi chn lp rc thi. Cc vn mi trng khc c cp trong cc cuc tho lun l cht lng khng kh, bin i kh hu, ph rng v s dng t / t suy thoi. iu rt quan trng l tt c cc bn lin quan ch cht trong h thng u t c tho thun chnh thc i vi nhng vn mi trng quan trng nht ti Vit Nam dnh u tin hn na cho cng vic ny cng nh ti a ha vic s dng cc ngun lc khan him. Qu trnh bin son v cc vn mi trng ni trn cn c tho lun tip, tt nht l do y ban lin B thc hin. 4.3 Cc mc tiu v mi trng y ban lin B cn phi thit lp nhng mc tiu kh thi cho mi tha thun lin quan ti cc vn mi trng. NSIS, MDG v VDG l c s quan trng cho vic ny. Nh mt s khi u, mt v d khc v mt mc tiu c th ra l c nhng hiu bit tt hn v tnh hnh mi trng hin ti. V lu di c nhng mc tiu ph hp, nhng
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mc tiu phi tht c th, c th o lng c, c th t c, ph hp v c c s nhm to c mt c s vng chc cho hnh ng hay ng ph trong tng lai. 4.4 Cc ch tiu v mi trng Cc ch tiu hoc cc bin s trong lnh vc ny cn phn nh c thc trng cc vn mi trng c xc nh ti Vit Nam. n nay, vn cha xc nh c nhng g l nhng vn mi trng bc xc nht ti Vit Nam. iu ny c ngha l vn cn nhng kh khn trong vic xy dng cc ch tiu hoc bin s ph hp vi vn mi trng quan trng nht. Tuy nhin, NSIS l mt thnh qu n tng v khng nn nh gi thp tm quan trng ca n i vi xy dng mt h thng thng k mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp v thun li vi ngi s dng. Trong chuyn cng tc ny chng ti pht hin ba h thng ch tiu c lin quan n mi trng khc nhau: 1. NSIS, tng s c 274 ch tiu trong c 16 ch tiu lin quan n mi trng 2. Ch tiu SDI, tng s c 44 ch tiu trong c 12 ch tiu lin quan n mi trng 3. Ch tiu VDG, tng s c 298 ch tiu trong c 18 ch tiu lin quan n mi trng Trong cc cuc tho lun vi Tng cc Thng k chng ti nu r rng d n ny cn tp trung vo cc ch tiu trong NSIS. iu quan trng l khng c b qua h thng ch tiu khc ang tn ti Vit Nam c cp trn. Tuy nhin, cng khng nn coi trng NSIS qu. Mt cch tip cn hiu qu hn l sp xp chng theo cc vn mi trng chnh v theo quy nh ca m hnh DPSIR. Cc ch tiu mi trng thng c trnh by theo ch (cc vn mi trng) v sp xp theo m hnh DPSIR. Cc ch mi trng c th c phn loi theo nhiu cch khc nhau. Mt v d l theo khung quy nh ca Lin Hp Quc cho cc thng k mi trng, v d khc l Vn mi trng ca EEA v y ban Mi trng chu u. EEA c mi mt vn mi trng: nhim khng kh, a dng sinh hc, ha cht, bin i kh hu, mi trng v s kho, s dng t, ti nguyn thin nhin, ting n, t, cht thi, nhin liu v nc. Nu nhm 16 ch tiu NSIS theo phn loi EEA s t c kt qu nh sau: Cht thi: 4 ch tiu Nc: 3 ch tiu Ti nguyn thin nhin: 3 ch tiu nhim khng kh: 2 ch tiu a dng sinh hc: 2 ch tiu Ting n: 1 ch tiu
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i vi mi ch cn c cc ch tiu ch ra nhng yu t nh hng n mi trng (sau y gi l ng lc, p lc, hin trng, tc ng v phn hi). Ch tiu ca NSIS Chi ph cho cc hot ng bo v mi trng c th lin quan ti bt k ch mi trng no v c cc bn khc nhau thc hin nh Chnh ph hoc ngnh cng nghip. Chi tiu cho cc hot ng bo v mi trng l ch tiu u vo cho thy cc hot ng p ng vi cc vn mi trng (u ra). M hnh DPSIR l mt khung c s quan h nhn qu m t s tng tc gia x hi v mi trng c C quan Mi trng chu u chp nhn s dng; cc yu t ng lc, p lc, hin trng, tc ng v phn hi (DPSIR l m hnh m rng c OECD pht trin t m hnh PSR) . M hnh ny c th c m t bi s sau y:

M HNH DPSIR
Dn c Nng lng tiu th Cng nghip Giao thng

Phn hi ng lc
Lut Thu,tr cp Cng ngh mi

Cht thi p lc

Tc ng

Sc khe khng tt e da tuyt chng Thm ht kinh t

Tnh trng vt l, ha hc, sinh hc Cht lng t. khng kh, nc

Hin trng

M hnh DPSIR mang cc quan h nhn - qu gia cc thnh phn tng tc trong cc h thng x hi, kinh t v mi trng, l: Cc ng lc ca s bin i mi trng (v d nh sn xut cng nghip, gia tng dn s vv) Cc p lc i vi mi trng (v d vic x nc thi) Hin trng mi trng (v d nh cht lng nc trong sng v h) Tc ng v dn s, kinh t, cc h sinh thi (v d nh nc khng thch hp cho dng lm nc ung) Phn hi ca x hi (v d nh bo v u ngun) 4.5 Thng tin thng k mi trng
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Cc bn lin quan ch yu cn bt u vi vic thu thp thng tin/ thng tin mt cch h thng lin quan n nhng vn mi trng quan trng nht. Vit Nam cn thiu h thng thu thp, sn xut, phn tch v ph bin thng tin thng k mi trng mt cch c h thng vi cht lng cao da trn nhu cu thng tin v mi trng/ cc vn mi trng cp quc gia v cp tnh. Thng tin cp vng cng rt quan trng cn xem xt cn nhc cho cng tc mi trng trong tng lai. Cng tn ti thng tin trng lp, chng cho trong h thng v cc vn cht lng thng tin thp v cc khi nim khng r rng. Thng tin hin c ti Vit Nam cn bao qut tng vn trong cc vn mi trng ch yu. Hin nay c mt s thng tin v cc vn mi trng ch yu. Tuy nhin, nhiu thng tin v mi trng ang cn thiu v phm vi bao qut/ y v chng cho gia cc bn lin quan khc nhau. V d, nh thng tin tip cn vi s dng nc l khng nht qun gia cc cuc iu tra khc nhau nh cp ca B Y t. Hn na, s liu thng k mi trng sn xut ra nn c bin son da theo m hnh DPSIR v vi quy trnh sn xut thng tin hiu qu. Tng quan v cc thnh phn chnh trong bt k quy trnh thng k ph hp vi vic thu thp, sn xut, phn tch v ph bin thng k mi trng c h thng vi cht lng cao da trn nhu cu thng tin v mi trng c a ra di y.

QUY TRNH SN XUT THNG K

nh gi v phn hi 8

Nhu cu xc nh r 1

Thit k K hoch 2

Xy dng Th nghim 3

Thu thp 4

X l 5

Kim tra 6

Cng b 7

H tr v c s h tng

5. Kt lun v khuyn ngh cho Vit Nam on cng tc u tin v thng k mi trng ny, ch yu c mt phng php tip cn nh gi. c chng trnh cho hai on cng tc tip s thc hin trong mt nm ri ti. Phng thc hot ng ca 2 on cng tc ny s c 2 c quan thng k ca 2 nc quyt nh (Thng k Thy in v Tng cc Thng k). on cng tc ny ch c th a ra khuyn ngh v vn ny v chng ti ngh rng nu y ban lin B hoc mng li gia ngi sn xut thng tin v ngi s dng thng tin ti Vit Nam tr thnh hin thc v bt u thc hin trong tng lai gn, quyt nh ca y ban cng phi c xem xt khi U ban n xut cc phng hng hot ng ca cc on cng tc sp ti.
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Tuy nhin, chng ti s a ra mt ngh d kin cho cc bc tip cn ca cc on trong lnh vc thng k mi trng, da trn nhu cu v cc vn mi trng kho st t trc n nay. Kt lun v khuyn ngh ca Thng k Thy in cho cng tc tip theo trong thng k mi trng Vit Nam nh sau. Vic xy dng v pht trin mt h thng thng tin thng k mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp v hng ti ngi dng tin ti Vit Nam nn c thc hin theo cc bc sau y: 1. Thnh lp mt y ban phi hp gia cc c quan/ lin B. 2. Xc nh cc vn mi trng (nhu cu), v thit lp cc nhm nh cho nhng vn nh cht thi, nc (ch mi trng) 3. Xy dng mc tiu cho tng vn trong nhng vn mi trng ch yu. 4. Chn mt H thng ch tiu cho cc vn / mc tiu v mi trng 5. Tm thng tin hin c ph hp vi cc ch tiu 6. Pht hin nhng vn cn thiu thng tin 7. Tm cch thu thp nhng thng tin mi 8. To mt c s d liu chung cho mng thng tin v d nh: ti Tng cc Thng k, hoc nu khng th th xy dng cc c s d liu thng tin ti cc c quan khc nhau c cc cu trc CSDL tng t 9. Xy dng mt chin lc ph bin thng tin v thng k mi trng 5.1 y ban phi hp gia cc c quan/ lin B Cc nhu cu v thng tin thng k Vit Nam ch c p ng bng s hp tc theo th ch gia cc c quan. S hp tc cht ch gia cc bn lin quan ch yu Vit Nam l rt cn thit v c tm quan trng ln c y thng tin u vo ca h thng thng k. Tng cc Thng k l c quan rt quan trng lm cu ni gia ngi dng tin v ngi sn xut tin. Tng cc Thng k cng c th gp phn vo h thng thng k bng cch truyn t kinh nghim ca mnh cho cc c quan khc cch thc pht trin h thng thng tin thng k mi trng ng tin cy, ph hp v hng ti ngi dng tin bi cc qui trnh thng k tt. Mt u vo nh vy c th bao gm: phng php thu thp, x l, kim tra v lm sch thng tin. Hin nay, cha c s hp tc c t chc nh vy. iu ny c th do mt s l do, trong , nguyn nhn c bn c l do thiu kinh ph cng vi thiu kinh nghim phi hp gia cc c quan - iu ny cng ng vi cc c quan khc. iu ny c ngha l Tng cc Thng k v cc c quan khc, c cp quc gia v cp tnh, c tham gia vo sn xut thng tin thng k c coi l cn thit cho vic ra quyt nh, u cn phi lm vic hng ti mt mc tiu chung l h thng thng k. iu ny d nhin cng ng vi cng tc thng k mi trng.
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ng nhin l Tng cc Thng k s v tr u tu, ch cht trong cng vic quan trng ny. Vic phi hp gia Tng cc Thng k v cc c quan khc c th c chnh thc ha thng qua cc t cng tc thng trc hoc y ban hn hp. Tng cc Thng k phi iu phi cng vic v cng c quyn quyt nh cng vi cc c quan t chc khc v nhng vn thuc nguyn tc c tm quan trng hng u cho h thng thng k mi trng. Do s liu c s phc v cho bin son s liu thng k mi trng nm nhiu c quan sn xut s liu nn chng ti ngh Tng cc Thng k nn mi cc nh sn xut thng tin v ngi s dng thng tin lp ra mt t chc gii quyt vn phi hp. Nhim v cho mt t chc hoc y ban lin b nh vy, bao gm cc nh sn xut thng tin ch yu v ngi dng tin lm vic cng nhau hng ti mt mc tiu chung, trong trng hp ny l ci thin cng tc thng k mi trng da trn nhng vn mi trng trng tm nht ti Vit Nam. Mt mc tiu i vi y ban ny l phi pht hnh ti liu thng k mi trng tip theo lin quan n nhim ngun nc hoc cht thi. Thnh lp y ban Lin b Nhng hot ng u tin cn thc hin gp l thit lp y ban lin B (cc nhm sn xut tin - ngi dng tin) t cc bn lin quan ch yu Vit Nam v sau d tho mt qui ch lm vic chung. Chng ti nhn mnh rng hot ng ny nn c tin hnh cng sm cng tt. Tng cc Thng k cn lm u tu thc hin vic thnh lp y ban Lin b. Trong nhng vn quan trng cn xem xt khi to ra mt mng li chnh thc hoc mt y ban lin B ca cc bn lin quan ti Vit Nam th rt cn thit l Tng cc Thng k cn bt u lp k hoch cho cuc hp u tin trong thi gian sm nht. Tng cc Thng k cng nn t ra mt mc tiu ph hp cho cuc hp u tin ny. V d: mc tiu l c th nhm t c mt s hiu bit ln nhau gia cc bn lin quan ch yu (cc nhm sn xut tin - ngi dng tin) v cc vn mi trng quan trng nht. Mc tiu th hai c th l tt c cc bn lin quan ca mng li ngi dng tin - ngi sn xut tin, sau cuc hp u tin ny cn phi c mt s hiu bit y v nhng g lm nn mt h thng thng k mi trng tt v v m hnh DPSIR. iu ny c th t c thng qua mt bi thuyt trnh v h thng thng k mi trng, quy trnh thng k, tuyn b chnh thc v mc tiu ca t chc, v tt c mi ngi trong mng li ngi dng tin - ngi sn xut tin cn c bo co ny trc khi tham d hi ngh chung u tin v.v Mc tiu th ba ca cuc hp u tin ny c th l chun b mt d tho th ng /bin bn ghi nh gia cc bn lin quan. Th ng ny s c cp qun l cao
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nht ca mi bn lin quan k. Th nn bao gm mt ti liu chnh thc ni r mc ch ca t chc hp tc, cc bn c trch nhim, nhim v, quyn hn, thi gian thc hin nh th no nh l u vo cho mt k hoch d n chi tit, bao gm c k hoch lm vic di y: V d v cc hot ng ca y ban lin B Mt ngh v cc hot ng cho mt t chc hoc y ban nh trn c m t nh sau: Sau khi vic thnh lp v cuc hp u tin kt thc, y ban cn thc hin nhng hot ng sau y: Xy dng k hoch cho d n hp tc lin b v xy dng ch tiu v s liu thng k mi trng. K hoch d n nn c cc bn lin quan ch yu cng xy dng . Tng cc Thng k c th l ch d n phi hp vi cc bn lin quan. K hoch ny nn xc nh mt tm nhn r rng /tuyn b chnh thc v mc ch ca t chc, mc tiu, k hoch hnh ng cho hot ng tip theo ca y ban lin B.Tuyn b mc ch cho cng tc lin B c th l xy dng mt h thng tin cy, ph hp v thun tin cho ngi sn xut v ph bin cc s liu thng k mi trng, cho php tt c cc cc bn lin quan trong y ban lin B nh gi v gim st cc vn mi trng quan trng nht ti Vit Nam. K quyt nh hp tc gia cc bn lin quan Bc u tin l tha thun gia cc bn lin quan ch yu i vi nhng vn mi trng trng tm ti Vit Nam. xut cng vic c cc chuyn gia t vn a ra trong bo co ny, v d nh nhim ngun nc v rc thi. iu ny khng phi l mt nhim v ch yu thc hin ti Vit Nam, v n bao gm mt tha thun gia cc bn lin quan i vi nhng vn mi trng no l quan trng nht. y ban lin B cn phi c mt danh sch 5-6 vn ln v mi trng Vit Nam. Cng rt quan trng l y ban lin B cn tho lun v a ra ti liu m t vn chi tit hn cho tng vn mi trng c cc bn nht tr nhm t c nhng tha thun lin quan n cc vn mi trng. iu ny s coi nh l mt u vo tt cho vic lm trong tng lai khi xy dng cc mc tiu c tha thun lin quan n cc vn mi trng. Lp cc t cng tc thng trc i vi tng ch mi trng v d nh cht thi, ncvv.. ti Vit Nam theo cc bc trn. Bc th hai: xy dng mc tiu cho tng vn tha thun p ng c cc tiu ch SMART cho mc tiu tt, tc l mc tiu phi c th, o lng c, c th t c, thch hp v c thi gian thc hin cho tng vn (SMART). khi u, c th a ra mt v d v mt mc tiu c c nhng kin thc y hn v tnh hnh hin nay. Cc cuc hp tip theo ca y ban lin B nn tp trung vo nhng mc tiu mi trng. Cc nhm lm vic cn c thnh lp theo thm quyn v lnh vc cng tc ca cc thnh vin xy dng cc mc tiu mi trng ph hp vi tha
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thun t c. V cc vn l kh phc tp nn cn nhiu hn mt ch tiu cho mt vn no miu t vn mt cch y . Khung thi gian cho vic x l cc vn cn c thit lp, v d: 10 nm. Bc th ba: xc nh v phn loi cc bin s hoc cc ch tiu theo m hnh DPSIR cho tng vn . NSIS chnh l mt nn tng rt tt cho vic ny ca y ban lin B ti Vit Nam. NSIS phi phi hp vi 13 ch tiu pht trin bn vng ca B Xy dng. Bc ny cn cp n nhng ch tiu ph hp vi nhng vn v mc tiu ca y ban lin B t ra. Cc chuyn gia t vn nhn mnh m hnh DPSIR l mt khung c s tt cho NSIS. Sau bc th ba ny, Tng cc Thng k nn sm cng b kt qu ca hi tho, bao gm danh sch cc vn thng nht v cc mc tiu s b lp n tt c cc bn lin quan ti Vit Nam. Bc th t: Xc nh thng tin v ngun thng tin Bc th nm: nh gi cht lng ca cc ngun thng tin khc nhau Bc th su: Xc nh nhng khong trng thng tin, nhng vn v cht lng trong qu trnh sn xut s liu thng k Bc th by: xut cc bin php khc phc khong trng thng tin Bc th tm: Cng b s liu thng k vi trng tm l nhng vn mi trng quan trng nht ti Vit Nam. Mc tiu ca cc s liu thng k mi trng cn p ng nhu cu ca Vit Nam i vi thng tin v mi trng. Tuy nhin, chng ti s ra mt ngh gi v chng trnh hot ng cho cc on cng tc trong lnh vc mi trng trn c s nhng nhu cu v mi trng m chng ti thy c cho n nay. 5.3. D tho chng trnh ca cc on cng tc 2009 -2010 Nhng on tip theo da trn c s nhng kt qu t c ca y ban lin B (nhm ngi s dng - nh sn xut) t cc bc trn. Nhng kt qu chnh cn c thc hin bi y bantc khi cc on cng tc n s dng hiu qu cc ngun lc cho hai on cng tc tip theo. C ngha l y ban lin B cn chnh thc thnh lp v quyt nh v nhng vn mi trng quan trng nht Vit Nam. Mt ngh gi (vi hai la chn) cho cc on cng tc trong lnh vc thng k mi trng, da trn nhu cu v nhng vn mi trng quan st cho n nay: La chn I: Tp trung vo qun l on cng tc u tin s c tp trung vo vn qun l bao gm vic xem xt v theo di cng tc c thc hin cho n nay ca y ban lin B i vi cc bc nu trn, tc l cc vn mc tiu v ch tiu mi trng. iu ny cng bao gm t chc mt cuc hi tho vi Tng cc Thng k v y ban lin B cung cp s hiu bit y hn na v h thng thng k mi trng v cc quy trnh tt cho sn xut
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s liu thng k mi trng. Cc mc tiu ca hi tho ny c th l tt c cc bn lin quan ca y ban lin B s c c mt s hiu bit tt v su sc hn na v iu g to nn mt h thng thng k mi trng v khung c s DPSIR hiu qu cng nh y ban s c c mt danh sch 5-6 vn mi trng ch yu ti Vit Nam cng vi bn m t chi tit cho tng vn . Cng vic trong hi tho ny cn c tin hnh bi cc t cng tc cho tng vn tha thun. Sau hi tho, mt danh sch cc mc tiu lin quan n nhng vn chnh v NSIS s phi c phn loi theo khung c s DPSIR. Cc kt qu t hi tho ny s l nn tng cho nhng cng tc tip theo ca y ban lin B. Nhng iu khc c th c a vo hi tho nu thi gian cho php l phn trnh by quy trnh sn xut thng k hiu qu v xut cc bc tip theo nhm pht trin mt h thng thng k mi trng ti Vit Nam theo tuyn b v mc ch ca t chc. Pht trin mt cuc kho st th im on th hai tip c th l tp trung xy dng mt cuc kho st th im v nc hoc cht thi, bt u bng vic tm hiu thc t cng vi vic nghin cu chuyn su v thng tin hin c. Thit k mt cuc iu tra th im trong lnh vc quan trng nht i vi cc quy trnh sn xut thng k tt, phn tch vn /nhu cu, thu thp thng tin, cc phng php v phn tch thng k tt. La chn II: Qun l v nghin cu th im La chn ny bao gm vic im li nhanh hn nhng cng tc thc hin cho n nay ca y ban lin b v cc khuyn ngh cho cng tc sau ny. Mt iu kin tin quyt l y ban lin b phi c quyt nh v mt ch mi trng cho nghin cu th im (v d nh cht thi hoc nc). Trong t cng tc cn c s hp tc cht ch vi mt phn nhm ca y ban lin b nhm tm hiu thc t cng vi nghin cu su thng tin hin c. Thit k kho st th im ti cc khu vc quan trng nht i vi cc quy trnh sn xut thng k tt, phn tch vn , thu thp thng tin, cc phng php v phn tch thng k tt. Tip theo nghin cu th im nh gi v kinh nghim v nhng pht hin thc t t t nghin cu th im v khuyn ngh cho cng vic trong tng lai. Nh ni ngh ny phi c tho lun bi hai bn.Thi gian cng tc ca cc on cng phi c xem xt theo nhu cu v s sn sng ca cc chuyn gia t vn.

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