Two Loop RC Circuit 1

A circuit is constructed with four resistors, one capacitor, one battery and a switch as shown. The values for the resistors are: R1 = R2 = 73 , R3 = 62 and R4 = 100 . The capacitance is C = 70 F and the battery voltage is V = 24 V. 1) The switch has been open for a long time when at time t = 0, the switch is closed. What is I 1(0), the magnitude of the current through the resistor R1 just after the switch is closed? A When the switch is first thrown the capacitor wont have any charge on it and thus no voltage drop. The current will want to flow down this easier rout and will completely ignore the R3 path. Thus taking a Kirchoff loop we have V-R1I1-R4I1=0 which gives I1=0.139 A 2) What is I1(), the magnitude of the current that flows through the resistor R1 a very long time after the switch has been closed?
.0784 0.1387

A long time after the switch has been closed the charge on the capacitor will be full and the current through the capacitor path will become zero. The current will then flow down the alternate R 2 R3 path and taking a Kirchoff loop we get V-I1R1-I1R2-I1R3-I1R4=0 which gives I1=0.0784 A 3) What is Q(), the charge on the capacitor after the switch has been closed for a very long time?
736.36

For this one we need to take two Kirchoff loops: The first on the path that ignores the capacitor and the second on the loop that incorporates the capacitor and R 2 and R3 so, V-I1R1-I1R2-I1R3-I1R4=0 and Q/C+I1R3+I1R2=0 After finding the current and plugging it in to the second equation we get our Q

4)

Consider the circuit above, with R5 = 90 in series with the capacitor. Once again, the switch has been open for a long time when at time t = 0, the switch is closed. What is I1(0), the magnitude of the current through the resistor R1 just after the switch is closed? A Once again just after the circuit is closed we get no voltage loss across the capacitor but since theres resistors in both pathways well get current through both. First we add R2 and R3 in series. Then we add R5 and R2,3 in parallel remembering that they add inversely. Then we add R1 R2,3,5 and R4 in series and take V/Rnet=I 5) Continuing with the new circuit, what is Q(), the charge on the capacitor after the switch has been closed for a very long time?
736.364 .1057

We get the exact same result as in 3 because theres no current through the capacitor path at large times and so when we add up our Kirchhoff loops, R5 has no effect.

Two Loop RC Circuit 2

A circuit is constructed with four resistors, one capacitor, one battery and a switch as shown. The values for the resistors are: R1 = R2 = 22 , R3 = 109 and R4 = 102 . The capacitance is C = 60 F and the battery voltage is V = 12 V. The positive terminal of the battery is indicated with a + sign. 1) The switch has been open for a long time when at time t = 0, the switch is closed. What is I 4(0), the magnitude of the current through the resistor R4 just after the switch is closed?
.08433

We know that just after the switch is closed theres no voltage drop across the capacitor so we can look at the circuit as if there was no capacitor. We add R2 and R3 in parallel to get R2,3= R2*R3/(R2+R3) and add the others in series to get Rnet= R1+R2,3+R4=142.3 Ohms Then V/Rnet=I

2) What is Q(), the charge on the capacitor after the switch has been closed for a very long time?
336.8

Once the switch has been closed for a long time the charge on the capacitor is full and no current flows down that path. Then taking Kirchhoffs loop law we have that V-IR1-IR3-IR4=0 and Q/C+IR3=0. Plugging the one into the other we get the charge. 3) After the switch has been closed for a very long time, it is then opened. What is Q(topen), the charge on the capacitor at a time topen = 680 s after the switch was opened?
308.9

We know the charge in and RC circuit drops according to the following equation when the switch is open: ( ) In our case =RC=(R2+R3)C. Qmax will just be charge will calculated in 2. Putting in our values and the time we get the charge at that time 4) What is IC,max(closed), the current that flows through the capacitor whose magnitude is maximum during the time when the switch is closed? A positive value for the current is defined to be in the direction of the arrow shown.
0.07016

The current will be maximum when the switch has just been closed and theres no charge on the capacitor. Weve already calculated the current across R1 and R4 in problem 1 and we know that I1=I2+I3 and that the voltage drop across the two parallel paths must be the same i.e. R2I2=R3I3. Using these two equations we gets our value for the current. 5) What is IC,max(open), the current that flows through the capacitor whose magnitude is maximum during the time when the switch is open? A positive value for the current is defined to be in the direction of the arrow shown.
-.0428

The current discharging follows the equation:

( ) This will be maximum when t=0 i.e. I=-Q/. Now since the current will flow from positive charge to negative it goes against the arrow and thus gives us a negative value.

Motion in a Magnetic Field 1

A charged particle of mass m = 7.3X10-8 kg, moving with constant velocity in the y-direction enters a region containing a constant magnetic field B = 1.8T aligned with the positive z-axis as shown. The particle enters the region at (x,y) = (0.75 m, 0) and leaves the region at (x,y) = 0, 0.75 m a time t = 700 s after it entered the region. 1) With what speed v did the particle enter the region containing the magnetic field?
1.68E3

m/s

Since the particle follows a circular path we know that we can just take path length as a quarter circle or R/2=L. Then V=L/t. 2) What is Fx, the x-component of the force on the particle at a time t1 = 233.3 s after it entered the region containing the magnetic field.
-.23877

N . We know for a path of constant velocity and constant

From Rotational dynamics we know that radius

So at t=233.3s, =0.5235 radians. Then Fy=Fsin() and Fx=Fcos(). The Fx and Fy

values will be negative because the force must point towards the center of the circle. 3) What is Fy, the y-component of the force on the particle at a time t1 = 233.3 s after it entered the region containing the magnetic field.
-.1378

See above. 4) What is q, the charge of the particle? Be sure to include the correct sign.
-91

The force pulling the particle to the center is the Lorentz force which gives F=qVxB and since we already know F,B, and V we can easily find the charge. Since the B field comes out of the page the charge must be negative. 5) If the velocity of the incident charged particle were doubled, how would B have to change (keeping all other parameters constant) to keep the trajectory of the particle the same? Increase B by a factor of 2
Feedback: Your answer is correct! If the velocity were doubled, the radius of curvature would double. Since the radius of curvature is inversely proportional to the magnetic field strength, if we then double the magnetic field strength, the radius of curvature would be halved, bringing it back to its original value.

Motion in a Magnetic Field 2

A proton (q = 1.6 X 10-19 C, m = 1.67 X 10-27 kg) moving with constant velocity enters a region containing a constant magnetic field that is directed along the z-axis at (x,y) = (0,0) as shown. The magnetic field extends for a distance D = 0.51 m in the x-direction. The proton leaves the field having a velocity vector (v x, vy) = (2.2 X 105 m/s, 1.3 X 105 m/s). 1) What is v, the magnitude of the velocity of the proton as it entered the region containing the magnetic field?
2.5554E5

m/s

The magnitude of the velocity wont change as the particle moves through the B field, just the direction and so the speed coming out will be the same as that going in. Thus we can use Vx, Vy, and the Pythagorean Theorem to find V.

2) What is R, the radius of curvature of the motion of the proton while it is in the region containing the magnetic field?
1.0025

The angle of that the curved path sweeps out will be the same as the angle of the change between the initial horizontal V and final V directions. Rsin()=D to find R. ( ) . Then as seen from the diagram above we can get

3) What is h, the y co-ordinate of the proton as it leaves the region containing the magnetic field?
0.1394

Using the same diagram as in 2 we can see that h is simply R-Rcos() 4) What is Bz, the z-component of the magnetic field? Note that Bz is a signed number.
-2.66E-3

Since we know q,V,R, and M we can use the Lorentz equation and rotational dynamics to find B from:

5) If the incident velocity v were increased, how would h and change, if at all? h and would both decrease
Feedback:

Your answer is correct! If the velocity were increased, the radius of curvature would increase by the same factor since R is proportional to v. If the radius of curvature increases, the angle through which the particle bends in a distance D also decreases. If the angle decreases, then the displacement h also decreases.

Rectangular Current Loop

A rectangular loop of wire with sides H = 36 cm and W = 58 cm is located in a region containing a constant magnetic field B = 1 T that is aligned with the positive y-axis as shown. The loop carries current I = 300 mA. The plane of the loop is inclined at an angle = 21o with respect to the x-axis.

1) What is x, the x-component of the magnetic moment vector of the loop?

-.0224

A-m2

We can calculate magnetic dipole using =NIA. Here we have only a single loop and A is just length x height. Once weve got a value for , in my case 0.06264A*M*M, then we can find the x component. The direction of will be perpendicular to the loop, and given the flow of our current here, will be in the x, +y direction. Using geometry we can see that x=sin() and y=cos(). 2) What is y, the y-component of the magnetic moment vector of the loop?
.058

A-m2

See Above 3) What is z, the z-component of the torque exerted on the loop?
-0.0224

N-m

Torque is just given by xB= -Bsin() in our case. Its negative due to the right hand rule here specifically. 4) What is Fbc, the magnitude of the force exerted on segment bc of the loop?.
.108

Using the equation F=ILxB gives us the force and since L is in the z direction and B in the +y then F must be in the +x 5) What is the direction of the force that is exerted on the segment bc of the loop? along positive x-direction
Feedback: Your answer is correct! The current in segment bc flows in the negative z-direction. When you cross that current vector into the magnetic field vector (positive y-direction), you obtain a vector in the positive x-direction.

Right Triangular Current Loop

A wire formed in the shape of a right triangle with base Lab = 18 cm and height Lbc = 76 cm carries current I = 230 mA as shown in Position 1. The wire is located in a region containing a constant magnetic field B = 1.1 T aligned with the positive z-axis.

1) What is Fac,x, the x-component of the force on the segment of the wire that connects points a and c in Position 1?
-0.192

Theres a few ways to think about this. We know that force is given by F=ILxB and so we can find the length of the hypotenuse and look at the angle between it and B to find the force. The other ways is to realize the two lengths given to are the components of the hypotenuse and can be used to easily find the Fx and Fy components. Then Fx=-ILbcB and Fy=ILabB. 2) What is Fac,y, the y-component of the force on the segment of the wire that connects points a and c in Position 1?
.0455

See above.

3) The wire is now rotated 180 about the y-axis to Position 2, as shown. What is U12, the change in potential energy of the wire? Note that U12 is a signed number. U12 is positive if the potential energy in Position 2 is higher than the potential energy in Position 1.
0.0346
o

Potential energy is given by U= -B implying we have a lower potential energy when the two are aligned, i.e. position 1. The dipole, , can be found by multiplying the area of our triangle by the current and its normal direction will depend upon which position we are in using the right hand rule. U12 just becomes 2xthe potential energy magnitude at either position 4) The wire is now rotated back 90 about the y-axis towards position 1. If the wire is released from this position, how would it move? It would rotate towards Position 1
Feedback: Your answer is correct! When the loop is positioned halfway between Positions 1 and 2, the magnetic moment vector points in the positive x-direction. The torque is given by the cross product of the magnetic moment vector and the magnetic field. Since the magnetic field is in positive z-direction, the cross product will point in the negative y-direction. A torque in the negative y-direction will cause the loop to rotate towards Position 1. You can also reach this result from energy considerations. Namely, Position 1 is at a lower energy than Position 2. When released the loop will move towards the lower potential energy.
o

5)

The wire is now returned to Position 1 and then rotated 180 o about the x-axis to Position 3, as shown. What is U13, the change in potential energy of the wire? If the potential energy increases in going from Position 1 to Position 3, the change in potential energy is positive.
0.0346

This is the same as position 2, just rotated 180 about the z axis. Since the potential energy only depends on the area, current, and orientation with respect to B, which have not changed between postions 2 and 3, then the change in potential energy will also be the same.