Lecture #2: The Tokugawa System Centralized Feudalism

The Hybrid Structure of the Government Victory at Sekigahara was won by a coalition of lords led by the Tokugawa Bakufu (shogunate) in Edo Han (domains) of the daimyo (feudal lords) Different categories of lords Fudai Daimyo Hereditary Lords loyal to the Tokugawa as it came to power Tozama Daimyo Outer Lords pledged loyalty to the Tokugawa after their defeat to Tokugawa in 1600 therefor given no part in the shogunate (bakufu/Tokugawa government) Shimpan Daimyo Related Lords blood related to Tokugawa Ieyasu Control Measures Rearrange domains Alternate Attendance and hostage system (Sankin-kotai) every daimyo had to come to Edo every other year, spend a year there, and return to his domain o Brought with them their retainer/built mansions in Edo way of making the lords spend a lot of their tax income on coming/staying in Edo lord wanted to bring as many retainers to show how powerful he was By 1700, Edo becomes one of, if not the, biggest cities in the world (~1 mil people) economic stimulus Osaka most of Daimyo sell their surplus rice to pay for their expenses that they have Villages begin to produce what they can produce best Strict Control of foreign relations: seclusion, outlawing Christianity, Deshima (in the harbor of Nagasaki/only Dutch allowed) o 1649: Christian missions begin in Japan, starting with the Jesuits o 1630s: Several edicts closed country to the west 1. Strictly prohibited for Japanese ship to leave for foreign country o 1637: Battle of Shimabara (near Nagasaki) known as Christian uprising Ideological conformity Domain Government and Society Domains were largely autonomous Samurai elite and rule of status

Samurai become bureaucrats

Local Government and Society Village headsman Women and the family o Male Primogeniture inheritance along the male line o Ukiyo-e woodblock prints o 1688-1704 Genroku o Kabuki theatre samurai prohibited from going to plays (against samurai morals) Case of the 47 Ronin traditional story of Tokugawa period Illustrates the transformation that begins to take place in the Tokugawa period in the samurai class o Persecution of Christians in Japan (Ana-Tsurushi) o Deshima In the harbor of Nagasaki o 1700s: Adoption of Western Science Smith 20 (Amanda) M: 2-5 T/Th: 1-430 W/F: 1130-330