REZA RIZKY DARMAWAN

18012063

Tugas
Nomor 23-25
Bab 1-5
Applied Statistics and Probability For Engineers 5
th
Edition

BAB 2


2.23. Four bits are transmitted over a digital communications channel. Each
bit is either distorted or received without distortion. Let Ai denote the
event that the ith bit is distorted, i 1, p , 4.
(a) Describe the sample space for this experiment.
(b) Are the Ais mutually exclusive?
Describe the outcomes in each of the following events:
(c) A (d) A
(e) A1A2A3A4 (f) (A1A2 ) (A3A4)

Misalkan i=distorted bits, dan o=undistorted bits, maka:

a. S = { iiii, iiio, iioi, iioo,
ioii, ioio, iooi, iooo,
oiii, oiio, oioi, oioo,
ooii, ooio, oooi, oooo}
b. Tidak, karena contohnya A1A2 = {iiii, iiio, iioi, iioo}
c. A1 = { iiii, iiio, iioi, iioo, ioii, ioio, iooi, iooo }
d. A1

= { oiii, oiio, oioi, oioo, ooii, ooio, oooi, oooo }
e. A1A2A3A4 = {iiii}
f. (A1A2 ) (A3A4) = {iiii, ioii, iiio, oiii, iioi, ooii, iioo}

2.24. In light-dependent photosynthesis, light quality refers to the wavelengths
of light that are important. The wavelength of a sample of
photosynthetically active radiations (PAR) is measured to the nearest
nanometer. The red range is 675700 nm and the blue range is 450500
nm. Let A denote the event that PAR occurs in the red range and let B
denote the event that PAR occurs in the blue range. Describe the sample
space and indicate each of the following events:
(a) A (b) B (c) AB (d) AB

a. A = {675, 676, 677, ..., 700}
b. B = {450, 456, 457, , 500}
c. AB = { C}
d. AB = {450, 456, 457, , 500, 675, 676, 677, ..., 700}



2.25. In control replication, cells are replicated over a period of two days. Not
until mitosis is completed can freshly synthesized DNA be replicated
again. Two control mechanisms have been identifiedone positive and
one negative. Suppose that a replication is observed in three cells. Let A
denote the event that all cells are identified as positive and let B denote
the event that all cells are negative. Describe the sample space graphically
and display each of the following events:
(a) A (b) B (c) AB (d) AB


Misalkan P=positif, N=Negatif, S={ PPP. PPN, PNP, NPP, PNN, NPN, NNP,
NNN}
a. A = {PPP}
b. B = {NNN}
c. AB = { C}
d. AB = {PPP, NNN}


BAB 3

3.23. A disk drive manufacturer sells storage devices with capacities of one
terabyte, 500 gigabytes, and 100 gigabytes with probabilities 0.5, 0.3, and
0.2, respectively. The revenues associated with the sales in that year are
estimated to be $50 million, $25 million, and $10 million, respectively. Let
X de- note the revenue of storage devices during that year. Determine the
probability mass function of X.

P(X=50 million) = 0.5
P(X= 25 million) = 0.3
P(X= 10 million) = 0.2

3.24 Marketing estimates that a new instrument for the analysis of soil
samples will be very successful, moderately successful, or unsuccessful,
with probabilities 0.3, 0.6, and 0.1, respectively. The yearly revenue
associated with a very successful, moderately successful, or
unsuccessful product is $10 million, $5 million, and $1 million,
respectively. Let the random variable X denote the yearly revenue of
the product. Determine the probability mass function of X.

P(X= $10 million) = 0.3
P(X= $5 million) = 0.6
P(X= $1million) = 0.1

3.25 The distributor of a machine for cytogenics has developed a new model.
The company estimates that when it is introduced into the market, it will
be very successful with a probability 0.6, moderately successful with a
probability 0.3, and not successful with probability 0.1. The estimated
yearly profit associated with the model being very successful is $15
million and with it being moderately successful is $5 million; not
successful would result in a loss of $500,000. Let X be the yearly profit of
the new model. Determine the probability mass function of X.

P (X=$15million) = 0.6
P (X=$5million) = 0.3
P (X=$-500,000) = 0.1



BAB 4

4.23 The gap width is an important property of a magnetic recording head. In
coded units, if the width is a continuous random variable over the range
from 0 < x < 2 with f(x) = 0.5x, determine the cumulative distribution
function of the gap width. Determine the probability density function
for each of the following cumulative distribution functions.
()

() {

4.24 ()

Probability density function :
f(x) =
(

4.25 () {






Probability density function :
() {





BAB 5

5.23 Suppose the random variables X, Y, and Z have the joint probability
density function f (x, y, z) = 8xyz for 0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1, and 0 < z <1. Determine
the following:
(a) P(X<0.5) (b) P(X<0.5,Y<0.5) (c) P(Z < 2) (d) P(X < 0.5 or Z < 2)
(e) E(X) (f) P(X < 0.5 | Y < 0.5) (g) P(X<0.5,Y<0.5 | Z= 0.8)
(h) Conditional probability distribution of X given that Y = 0.5 and Z = 0.8
(i) P(X<0.5 | Y<0.5,Z=0.8)

a.
} } } } } }
= = = = = <
5 . 0
0
1
0
5 . 0
0
2
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
1
0
1
0
25 . 0 ) 2 ( ) 4 ( ) 8 ( ) 5 . 0 ( x dx x dydx xy dzdydx xyz X P
b.
} } }
} } }
= = = =
= < <
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
4
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
1
0
0625 . 0 ) 5 . 0 ( ) 4 (
) 8 ( ) 5 . 0 , 5 . 0 (
2
x
dx x dydx xy
dzdydx xyz Y X P

c. P(Z < 2) = 1, karena range Z dari 0 sampai 1.
d. P(X < 0.5 or Z < 2) = P(X < 0.5) + P(Z < 2) - P(X < 0.5, Z < 2). P(Z < 2)
=1 dan P(X < 0.5, Z < 2) = P(X < 0.5). Sehingga, jawabnya adalah 1.
e. 3 / 2 ) 2 ( ) 8 ( ) (
1
0
3
2
1
0
1
0
2
1
0
1
0
2
3
= = = =
} } } }
x
dx x dzdydx yz x X E
f. ) 5 . 0 5 . 0 ( = < Y X P adalah integral conditional density ) (x f
Y X
.
) 5 . 0 (
) 5 . 0 , (
) (
5 . 0
Y
XY
X
f
x f
x f = dan x x dz z x x f
XY
2 5 . 0 4 ) ) 05 . 0 ( 8 ( ) 5 . 0 , (
1
0
= = =
}
untuk 0 < x < 1 dan 0 < y < 1.
} }
= =
1
0
1
0
2 ) 8 ( ) ( y dx dz xyz y f
Y
untuk 0 < y < 1.
Oleh karena itu, x
x
x f
X
2
1
2
) (
5 . 0
= = for 0 < x < 1.
kemudian 25 . 0 2 ) 5 . 0 5 . 0 (
5 . 0
0
= = = <
}
xdx Y X P .
g. ) 8 . 0 5 . 0 , 5 . 0 ( = < < Z Y X P adalah integral conditional density X dan Y.
z z f
Z
2 ) ( = for 0 < z < 1 seperti pada a) dan
xy
xy
z f
z y x f
y x f
Z
XYZ
Z XY
4
) 8 . 0 ( 2
) 8 . 0 ( 8
) (
) , , (
) , ( = = = for 0 < x < 1 dan 0 < y < 1.
Kemudian,
} } }
= = = = = < <
5 . 0
0
16
1
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
0625 . 0 ) 2 / ( ) 4 ( ) 8 . 0 5 . 0 , 5 . 0 ( dx x dydx xy Z Y X P
h. yz dx xyz z y f
YZ
4 ) 8 ( ) , (
1
0
= =
}
for 0 < y < 1 dan 0 < z < 1. Kemudian,
x
x
z y f
z y x f
x f
YZ
XYZ
YZ X
2
) 8 . 0 )( 5 . 0 ( 4
) 8 . 0 )( 5 . 0 ( 8
) , (
) , , (
) ( = = = untuk 0 < x < 1.



i. Oleh karena itu, 25 . 0 2 ) 8 . 0 , 5 . 0 5 . 0 (
5 . 0
0
= = = = <
}
xdx Z Y X P

5.24 Suppose the random variables X, Y, and Z have the joint probability
density function fXYZ (x, y, z) = c over the cylinder x
2
+ y
2
< 4 and 0<z<4.
Determine the constant c so that fXYZ (x, y, z) is a probability density function.
Determine the following: (a) P(X
2
+Y
2
< 2) (b) P(Z <2) (c) E(X)
(d) P(X <1|Y=1) (e) P(X
2
+ Y
2
<1|Z=1) (f) Conditional probability distribution
of Z given that X=1 dan Y=1

}} }
s + 4
4
0
2 2
y x
cdzdydx volume silinder dengan radius dasar 2 dan tinggi 4 =
t t 16 4 ) 2 (
2
= . Sehingga,
t 16
1
= c
a. ) 2 (
2 2
< +Y X P sama dengan volume silinder radius 2 dan tinggi 4
( =8t) times c. Oleh karena itu, jawabannya adalah . 2 / 1
16
8
=
t
t

b. P(Z < 2) sama dengan setengah dari volume dimana ) , , ( z y x f
XYZ
kelipatan
positif 1/c. sehingga jawabannya adalah 0.5.
c. dx x x c dx xy c dzdydx X E
x
x
x
x
c
x
) 4 8 ( 4 ) (
2
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
2
4
4
4
0
2
2
2
2
=
(
(

= =
} } } } }

. Dnegan
substitusi,
2
4 x u = , du = -2x dx, dan
0 ) 4 ( 4 ) (
2
2
2
3
2 4 2
3
= = =

}
x du u c X E
c
.
d. f
X1
(x)
f
XY
(x,1)
f
Y
(1)
dan f
XY
(x, y) c dz
0
4

4
c

1
4
untuk x
2
+ y
2
< 4.
2
4
4
4
0
4 8 ) (
2
2
y c dzdx c y f
y
y
Y
= =
} }

untuk -2 < y < 2.
Kemudian,
2
4 8
4
) (
y c
c
x f
y X

=
dievaluasi saat y = 1.
3 2
1
1
) ( = x f
X
untuk
3 3 < < x .
Oleh karena itu, 7887 . 0
3 2
3 1
) 1 | 1 (
3 2
1
1
3
=
+
= = < <
}

dx Y X P
e. f
XY 1
(x, y)
f
XYZ
(x, y,1)
f
Z
(1)
dan f
Z
(z) cdydx
4 x
2
4 x
2

2c 4 x
2
dx
2
2

2
2

Karena ) (z f
Z
adalah density dalam range 0 < z < 4 yang tidak tergantung Z,
) (z f
Z
=1/4 for 0 < z < 4. Kemudian,
t 4
1
4 / 1
) , (
1
= =
c
y x f
XY
untuk
4
2 2
< + y x . Kemudian, 4 / 1
4
1
) 1 | 1 (
2 2
2 2
=
< +
= = < +
t
y x in area
Z Y X P .

f.
) , (
) , , (
) (
y x f
z y x f
z f
XY
XYZ
xy Z
= dan 4 ) , (
2 2
4
1
< + = y x for y x f
XY t
. Oleh karena
itu, 4 / 1 ) (
4
1
16
1
= =
t
t
z f
xy Z
for 0 < z < 4.


5.25 Determine the value of c that makes fXZ(x,y,z) =c a joint probability
density functions over the region x>0, y>0, z>0, and x+y+z<1.
Determine the following :
a. P(X<0.5, Y<0.5, Z<0.5)
b. P(X<0.5, Y<0.5)
c. P(X<0.5)
d. E(X)
e. Marginal distribution of X
f. Joint distribution of X and Y
g. Conditional probability distribution of X given that Y=0.5 and Z=0.5
h. Conditional probability distribution of X given that Y=0.5

Tentukan c sehingga c xyz f = ) ( adalah joint density probability di daerah x>0,
y>0 and z>0 with x+y+z<1
f (xyz) c dz dydx
0
1 x y

0
1 x

0
1

c(1 x y)dydx
0
1 x

0
1

0
1

c(y xy
y
2
2
)
0
1 x

dx
c (1 x) x(1 x)
(1 x)
2
2

0
1

dx c
1 x
( )
2
2

0
1

dx c
1
2
x
x
2
2
+
x
3
6

0
1
c
1
6
. Oleh karena itu, c 6.

a. = < < <
} } }
1
0
1
0
1
0
6 ) 5 . 0 , 5 . 0 , 5 . 0 (
x y x
dzdydx Z Y X P kondisi x<0.5, y<0.5, z<0.5
dan x+y+z<1 membuat ruang kubus dengan volume 0.125. oleh karnea
itu probability 75 . 0 ) 125 . 0 ( 6 ) 5 . 0 , 5 . 0 , 5 . 0 ( = = < < < Z Y X P
b.
( )
}
} } }
= |
.
|

\
|
= |
.
|

\
|
=
= = < <
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
2
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
5 . 0
0
2
4 / 3
2
3
4
9
3
4
9

3 6 6 ) 1 ( 6 ) 5 . 0 , 5 . 0 (
x x dx x
dx y xy y dydx y x Y X P


c.

( ) 875 . 0 3 3 )
2
1
2
( 6
)
2
( 6 ) 1 ( 6 6 ) 5 . 0 (
5 . 0
0
2 3
5 . 0
0
2
1
0
2 5 . 0
0
51 . 0
0
1
0
5 . 0
0
1
0
1
0
= + = + =
= = = <
}
} } } } } }


x x x dx x
x
y
xy y dydx y x dzdydx X P
x
x x y x

d.

25 . 0
2
3
2
4
3
)
2 2
( 6
)
2
( 6 ) 1 ( 6 6 ) (
1
0
2
3
4
2
1
0
3
1
0
2 5 . 0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ = + =
= = =
}
} } } } } }


x
x
x
dx
x
x
x
y
xy y x dydx y x x xdzdydx X E
x
x x y x

e.

1 0 for ) 1 ( 3 )
2
1
2
( 6
2
6 ) 1 ( 6 6 ) (
2
2
1
0
2 1
0
1
0
1
0
< < = + =
|
|
.
|

\
|
= = =


} } }
x x x
x
y
xy y dy y x dzdy x f
x
x x y x




f.

f (x, y) 6 dz
0
1 x y

6(1 x y)
for x > 0, y > 0 dan x + y <1

g.
f (x | y 0.5, z 0.5)
f (x, y 0.5, z 0, 5)
f (y 0.5, z 0.5)

6
6
1untuk x > 0

h) marginal ) ( y f
Y
sama dengan ) (x f
X
dan
2
) 1 ( 3 ) ( y y f
Y
= untuk
0 < y < 1.
f
X|Y
(x | 0.5)
f (x, 0.5)
f
Y
(0.5)

6(0.5 x)
3(0.25)
4(1 2x) untuk x < 0.5