ulh gUt

xgjh tF
j

a xW

br

UFw
nf
( rhnwh ciufis nfl )
1.
brtJ brt brbrt, mbrt

brtJ vyh jiy.
bghU : brtfS wjJ nf
midY KjikahdJ.

brt.

mJnt

brtf

brhbghU: brbrt - nfbrt; jiy - Kjik.

2.
brFz yhj nghJ, J

tWF <a gL.
bghU :
brFztha
ey
ilfhjbghG
js cz mfgL.
brhbghU:nghJ - bghGJ;

tWF

<agL - mfgL.

yfzF : tWF - wik.

jj : brFz = brF + cz.
( U Fwgh nf wid TWwd. )

3. brz nf cilah mz

Mwhnuh blhg yJ.
bghU: br cztha nfid cilat y thjhY,

mt, m czit bfhS njtfSF xght.
brhbghU: m cz - njtfSF ntbghGJ bfhLfgL
cz. Mnwh - f, nf, g Mat wnjh;
xg - xght.
yfzF: mz - UbgabuhL gbjhif.
( Fw nf milat wid TWwJ. )
4.
fy MD nff, m~bjhUt(F)

xf Cwh Jiz.

bghU: xUt ff th yhk UjhY fwhl brW

nflj ntL. thif jsWnghJ mnfathdJ,

mtDF CWnfhnghy Jizahf F.
brhbghU:xf - js.
yfzF: CW -

CW vgj tj fhu.

gFgj cWyfz:nff - nf () + f. nf - gF ; - MdJ

fhu; f - anfh idKW F.

5. Gf cil CWnfh mnw

xGf cilahth brh.
bghU: tGFw y CWnfh
cjtJnghy, ebyhGf

f bgnah thbrhf thifF vW cj.
CWnfh - CWnfh; mnw - nghwnj.

yfzF: Gf, xGf CWnfh vgj tj fhu.

m: ctika.

bjhbgaf;

CWnfh

6.
vidjhD eyit nff, midjhD

Mw bgUik jU.
bghU: vtU mP eYiufis nfl ntL.
meYiu

vts jhD mjid nfl msF iwj
bgUikia mJ njo jU.
brhbghU: vidjhD - vts jhD; midjhD - nfl
msF; Mw - iwj.
yfzF: MwbgUik - bgabur.

7. iHJzJ ngijik brhyh iHJz(J)

<oa nf at.
bghU: Egkhf Mjj nf milnah, brhgt fUij

jtwhf czUjhY xUbghGJ abrhfis Twkhlh.
b r h b g h U : i H J z J - j t w h f c z U j h Y ;
ngijik - mahikghgl abrhf; iHJzJ - Egkhf
MuhJ; <oa - Mjj.
gFgj cWyfz : czJ = cz + () + + c. cz - gF;
- r; - MdJ fhu; - wjfhy iliy; c - idbar
F.
(ehY Fwgh nfgjdh tU eikfis TWwd.)

brhbghU:


8. nfD nfsh jifant nfah

njhf glhj br.
bghU:
nfah
Jisfglhj
brfSF
UD nfshj brfshfnt fUjgL.

nfF

jik

brhbghU: jifant - jikanj; njhfglhj - Jisfglhj.

yfzF: nfshjifant - <Wbfl vkiwbgabur.

9. Eza nfa uyh tza

thd uhj mJ.
bghU: Egkha nfa yhjt gthd brhfis
ngRgtiu fhgJ mJ.
brhbghU:Eza-Egkha;tza-gthd.

10.
br Ritzuh thz khf

mD thD v.
bghU:nf thyhf brRit czuhJ, cz thyhf
thRit kLnk czU kf wjhY vd? thjhY
vd?
brhbghU: thz
mD - wjhY.

khf

thRit

kLnk

mnjh;

yfzF : mD thD - vQik.

jj: Ritzuh = Rit + czuh; thz = th + cz.
(_W Fwgh nfshjt VgL Fwfg TWwd.)
kh dhf
m) wta dhf
1. nfhol l ca ilia njbjGJf.
.

1. brFzthtJ

m) f M) nf ) k
.

2. xGfKilah thbrh

m) CWnfh M) msnfh ) Jyhnfh

 2. nkhidbrhfis vLbjGJf.
brtJ brt brbrt mbrt
3. l khs fis KiwgLJf.
midjhD Mw jU bgUik
eyit vidjhD nff
4. bghU vGJf.
xf, Mw, Eza
M) FWdhf
1. jiyaha brt vJ?
2. nfilah w ahJ?
3. xf Cwh Jiz vJ?
4. nfah njhfglhj br vjikaJ?
5. gthd brhfis ngrhjt ah?
) Wdhf
2. nfbrtdh bgwgL eikf ahit?
3. nfbrt bgwhjjdh VgL Fwf ahit?
<) beLdh
brbrtg tSt TW fUJfis bjhFJiuf.
cilikf gJ
UFw gJ mfhuf cilik vD bga
mikJsd.
1. milik

6. milik

2. mlfKilik

7. CfKilik

3. xGfKilik

8. Midilik

4. bghiwilik

9. gilik

5. mUSilik

10. ehQilik

FwS VG vD vQbgaU
UFwSF VG vD vQF bgJ bjhlsJ. UFw VG
uh mikj Fw btghfis bfhlJ. VG vD vQbga vL
Fwgh lbgWsJ. mfhuf, 133. j TLbjhif VG. bkhj
Fwghf 1330. j TLbjhif VG.

1. nf wghf tSt TWtd ahit?

g
gHj fw g

gyehL Rw g

vGL Jik jid

Vl th g

FHij jif gl

Tid cg g

Hjij bgWj g

irgl thj g!

fwt Kjh fw

fia Tw g

btia th nrF

idgy j g

d fat nuhL

nruhJ thj g

bgwij tH thG

b g U F z b g W j g !

Rujh

bghU
gHj yafis fgJ k jU. gy ehLfSF gaz
nkbfhtJ kdJF k jU. fhynjhW khtU njitahd
Jikfis VWbfhS kdgFt bgWj thF k jU.
FHij, j Rifah Tnghy irj czit xUt cQ
nghJ, jh Hj bghUis L milnghJ, w fGkhW thGnghJ
k VgL.
fnwh mit, jh fw fia vLJiugJ
thif bt bgWtjfhd braf <LgLtJ k jU.
Fz cila nah eig y thjY, jh bgw brtij
wUF tHF wj FzbgWjY thF k jU.

brhbghU : irgl - fGl; fat - FzKilnah.

y f z F : j i f - c t i k b j h i f ; g H j , d ,
bgUFz - gbjhiff; tH - idbar; fw, bgWj,
thj - bjhbgaf.
Ma F : ctik fP Rujh abga uhrnfhghy. t, Uth%
khtlYs giHa} 23.11.1921mW wjh.
bgnwh Untfl brgf Mt.
ghntj ghujhrJ bfhl g fhuzkhf j bgaiu Rudjhr
vd khbfhlh. mj RUfnk Rujh vd MW.
njkiH, JiwKf, RtU Rzh, Rujh fijf Kja fij
fis Rujh ash.

F
: njkiH aifba Kjyhf Muh <whf gdhW
gFfshf fijf lbgWsd. mtW, nj Jf vD gF
ghl lbgWsJ.
kh dhf
m) wtadhf
nfhol lij uf.
cgJ g.

1. FHij jif gl
2. fwtK jh fw

g.
g.

3. btia th nrF
4.

nruhJ thj g.

M) FWdhf
1. vjid fw g?
2. thF g jUtJ, vJ?
3. vthW thj g jU?
4. vjF idj ntL?
5. fia Tw gjU. vnghJ?
6.
bgUFz vJ?
) beLdh
g jUtdthf ctikfP TWtd ahit?

njkiH vD fij , jHfmu j ts Jiw tHF

wj Yfhd gir bgWsJ. jHf air ehlf kw fiykhk
glij, jHfmu ghntj Uij t bgWsh.

ciueil

bgUjiyt fhkuhr
jdykw jiyt; fku; ff wj Kjt; ViHgfhs
vD fGiufSbfyh cat fhkuhr. t, UJef Fkhurh,
tfh izaF kfdh 1903M ML Niy f gidjh
ehsW njhdh.
sikgUt
ehlhikfhuuhf Uj fhkuhr jhjh, gy rkaf grhaJ
TlfSF jbgau fhkuhriu miHJ brth. fhkuhr, X
Xukhf cfhjgo jhjh TW fis ftJ tUtjid fl
gyU fhkuhr gig ghuhod. fhkuhr, iz g j
vGJfis fW, mjwF X ML jghl fwh.
mj, fnahL cztfgl caiy gF brW
fhkuhr f fwh. fhkuhr, jkJ VGta tnjkhju vW Rtbuho
vGjgoUgjid flh.
mj brh, mtuJ kd MHkhf
gJlJ. mtuJ cs bkybky Ljiy nghuhl cz
RlL bfhoUjJ. mtUF guL tanyna gF
bryayh iy VglJ.

mua <LghL
fhkuhr, g bry ayhjnghJ ehnjhW brjhfis
goJ, mua Tlf jiytf brhbghfis nfL, jKila
mua mit tsJ bfhlh; bkflh jfrhiy vD
iyaF brW by, fgho, bengha Mnah
thif tuyhWfis goJ wikahf ngr thj a bjhldh.
mt, sik nja afkhd fhu nrJ, mj bjhluhf j
mua thid bjhldh; f Tlfis eldh; Ctyf
fyJbfhlh; bfho ojh; irk FG v, c rahuf,
btisand btnaW Kja nghuhlf fyJbfhlh; iw brwh.
gndhuhLf iw fjh. mtuJ jdykw ciHigfl jiyt
ra_, fhkuhriu f brayhsuhf ajh. ra_ia
fhkuhr, j mua FUthf VWbfhlh. t, 1937 rlkw
cWduhf njbjLfglh.
1939M ML jehL fhuR f jiytuhf fhkuhr
njbjLf glh. guhLf mgj Ujh; brthFf
jiytuhf fjh.
1945 ufhr, 1947 Xk uhkrh kW 1949 Fkhurh
Mnah Kjyikruhf gjnagjF fhkuhr fhuzkhf Ujh.
neU kiwF yh gf rhia, yh gf rh
kiwF uh fhia eho Kjikaikruhf Ma
t bgUgfhdh. mjdh, jiytfis cUthFgt vd t
miHfglh.
Kjyikr fhkuhr
1954 uh#h Kjyikr gjUJ yaJ, fhkuhr
mgjF njbjLfglh.
1963 jhkhf gj yFtiu
mgj wgl braglh. mtuJ mikruit ajhf UjnghY
braw fjhf saJ. mjdh, kf eygaF ey gy
lfis mtuh bragLj KojJ. fhkuhr M fhy Kdh
FoauR jiyt M. btfuhk bjhyikruhf, . Ruka
faikruhf UJ mtUF cWJizahf gahd.
bjh Kndw
fhkuhr Kjyikruhf Uj fhy ulhtJ, _whtJ IjhL
lf iwntwgld. mnghJ, jHf bghUa bjhJiw
lf gy bjhlfgld; lf Fjd; rhiyf nghlgld;
o, mg, uhngil Kja lf bga bjhngilfS

jiytfis cUthFgt

khtlnjhW a bjhngilfS mikfbgwd; ntshikbfd

ghrdtrf bragld; mizf flgld.
t fhy TLw af nt%aJ; mjdh, jHf
TLw rff yhj fns iy vD iy cUthdJ. t,
berbjh tsfhf lf gy odh.
bent yf Ruf bjhrhiy, cjif Jjh nghnlh
bjhrhiy, o mWitir fU bjhrhiy, rUfiu Miy,
nrhlh c bjhrhiy, bk bjhrhiy, bgu bjhlto
bgo bjhrhiy, nk^ fhj bjhrhiy Kjad tuJ M
bjhlfbgwd.

f u
fhkuhr fhy flha f eilKiwgLjglJ. bjUnjhW
bjhlfg, CnjhW caiy g vgnj mtuJ nehfkhf
mikjJ. g ntiyehfis bwgUJ Uwhf cadh
fhkuhr. bjhlf gf ka cz l tuh bjhlfglJ.
g uik khehLf eljgL gfSfhd mogilbghUfS
fUfS bgwgld.
t, <uhLf W KgJ _W khehLf Todh. thW
Tlgl khehLf _y gy nfho %gh ks ebfhilf iljd;
caiy gtiu ytr f bfhL tuglJ.
tuh,
xbthU
khtlY
bjhEg
ff
bjhlfgld. nkY, clg ffS Ma ggfS
Ma g ffS wfgld. kUJt f Kjyhd
bjhff gY ViH khztfSF toyh fldf VghL
braglJ.
r_f Kndw lf
rKjha mik mojs cstfis ifl, t
KnghF eltoiff gy vLjh. jrh gizah ghJfh
rlij U rhFgo br bjhyhF mWgJ GfhL gF
ilf ttif brjh.
yUj tuh bfhLtuglJ; y crtu KgJ Vf vd
FiwfglJ. yKjyhflUJ cgyf bgwgL yyhnjhUF
mit jfgld. dt, fUfo fhRgt, ifjahs, Fat
Kja Wbjhyhs eylf nkbfhsgld. kf eylf
Xa FljfJ. efw LfL l, ytr kUJttr
Kjad tuh mikJ bfhLfgld.

10

fhkuhr l
1962M ML d gilbaLF , fhuR f brthF
ra bjhlaJ. ilnjjf yt fhuR f njhailjJ.
vdnt, fia tYgLj _j jiytf mikr gjUJ y
fg <LglntL vd fhkuhr tWdh; Kj jhnk
Kjyikr gjiaL y fgF Udh. bkhuh
njrh, yhgf rh KjnahU mikr gjUJ y
f gf <Lgld. mlij fhkuhr l vd miHjd.
my a fhuR jiyt

uZahF HF Inuha ehLfSF brW mehL bjh

Kndwfis ne flh. mtiw e ehoY bragLj Kidjh.
a ujk neU 1964M Mo fhykhdh. a ujkiu njbjLg
f vGjJ. mgjF fhuR fD ngho VgL Niy
njhaJ. ngho Vglh f s Vglyh vDmr yaJ.
ntis fhkuhr ehlhSkw fhuR f cWdf
fUij jjna nflJ, yhgf rhia ngho
ujkuhf njbjLf ttif brjh.
rh vghuhjKiw 1966M ML jhfo cHjh.
L ujkiu bjbrt f vGjJ. tka fhkuhr, neU
kf uhfh, ujk gjF bghUjkhdt vd fU, mtUF
Vw Niyia cUthdh. mjdhnyna uhfh ujkuhdh.
thW, j jiyikia brthif gagL, UKiw ujkfis
cUthdh. jifa brauuhd fhkuhr, midJ fduhY
kfbgW bgUjiytuhf cajh.
fhkuhrUF brj wf
fhkuhrUF eLtzuR, ghuj udh (a khk) UJ mJ
ehlhSkw tUF MSau btfyiyia W wjJ.
jHf muR, t fgia wF tif kJiu
gfiyfHfF kJiu fhkuhr gfiyfHf vd bga NoaJ;
fahFk fhkuhrUF kklg foaJ; brid bkdh
flfiu rhiy iyaikJ wjJ.
fhkuhr thj brid y id ykhf MfglJ.

11

tndRt ef 1963M Mo Toa fhuR kheho, fhkuhr my

a fhuR jiytuhf gjnawh. mbghGJ ehblF RWgaz
nkbfhL frfis ngh, kfl neuo bjhlbfhlh.

UJef Uj f hkuhr yK mu Rilikah id

ykhfglJ. njdhngil fhkuhr muf WtglJ. jHf
muR, fhkuhr wj ehshd Niy gidjh ehis MLnjhW f
ts ehshf mJsJ. tiu f f wjt vd jGyf
nghWwJ.
kiw
fhaofJ mstw m bfhl fhkuhr, 1975M ML fhaof
wjehshd mnlhg ulh eh yf thit jh.
mt
kiwjhY, iwa jiytfSF Kndhoahf W bgUjiyt
vD bghUjkhd fGiuah iyJ thwh.
kh dhf
m) wtadh
nfhol lij uf.

1. fhkuhr, j ngrhwiy tsJbfhl l

jfrhiy.

2. fhkuhr Mfhy faikruhf Ujt

3. fhkuhrUF eLtzuR

UJ mJ wjJ.

4. fhkuhr wj ehis

Mf bfhlhLnwh.

5. fhkuhr Kjyikruhf gjnaw ML

M) FWdhf
1. fhkuhr w kW bgnwh g vGJf.
2. fhkuhr gnfw Ljiynghuhlf ahit?
3. fhkuhr, jiytfis cUthFgt vd miHfgl fhuz
ahJ?
4. fhkuhr brj yUjg vGJf.
5. fhkuhr l vwh vd?
6. fhkuhr idthf jHf muR brj wf ahit?
) Wdhf
1. fhkuhr mua <LghLg vGJf.
2. fhkuhr Mfhy Vgl bjh Kndw g vGJf.
3. ff wj Kjt vd fhkuhr nghwgl fhuz
ahJ?
4. fhkuhr, ujkfis cUtha ffis tf.
<) beLdh

Kjyikruhf fhkuhr ehLF brj ts gfis bjhFJiuf.

12

Jizghl

jF
ms v,
MfntiyKiwf d d vW tFJ mDkhW vGUwh,
vGJnt. mjF xW brhy Unw.
jHny jjna t t go cajh vW brhtJ giHik.
jHf ToTo dJ brJ cajhf vW brhY ebrhny
ntL. nrJ bra brJ caU tyik jHUF cL vgij
cyFF czj ntL. jbahUt ca dJF vd eik
br? jrKjha cau ntLkh? j xUt mnjh xU bjhrhiyia
wikahf elJwh vW brhY iy nghjhJ. jH gy To elJ
bjhrhiy mnjh! wikahf eljgLwJ vw fiy tuntL;
tsu ntL. mWjh jH rKjha cau twF.
Ws jHf j kufshf jH catijna fhnwh.
njhghf To catij fhnwhkh? iyna! J bgUFiw. xWik
yhikna jF fhuz vW czwhah? jH ehFng nrJ xU
kdkh xiw elj KoahJ, eldhY mJ beLfhy ofhJ vw
gbrh c brF voUFnk! F Mw cL. izF
Mw iy vgjF ijl rhW ntLkh?
, MfntiyKiwf vit vd vdF bjjtiw vGJnw.
j xnw jHiu izJ xWikgLjtyJ. j M
bkhahf f bkhahfkhdh ju jGF vfhy iy
13

K.tujuhrdh foj

vd e. Mbkh vwh rlrigKj kwtiu j tHf

ntL. fbkh vwh vtif ffY vyh ghlfis
jnyna ffntL.
Fiwf gy Ufyh. FiwfSF
jafhk
M bkhahf fbkhahf MfntL vW
czL. thW ngbfhoUjh
nghjhJ.
cdh Mdtiu
br. foj, gzil,
sgugyif, gidL Kja vyh
jnyna vGJf.
tiw
j vGdh mr Ca,
tff, thF kf Kjatfis j gof brtJngh
MF.
iyahdh mtf jiH kwFgo brtJngh MF.
ahUlD jnyna ngR. cyfjh vyh mtut jhbkhjh
ngRwd. j bjahjtfl kL wbkh ngR. Ukz,
tghL Kjatiw j elJ.

rh rka ntWghLfis kwf fWbfh. kwf Koahlh

wff fWbfh. xnw FyK xUtnd njtD vw
brbkhia nghW.
ehFng nrjh mtfilna gghY brayhY fUjhY
bfhifahY xWik cL ntWik cL. xWikahd gFfis
kL vLJngR. ntWik gFf F nghJ ntLtiy
vW LL.
ntWik gFfis tW ngdh bghJntiy
elfhJ; e.
btehL Jia kWgJnghy jehLF jbkhF
eik brahj brjhfis yF. ehLF bkhF ilwhd
iyafis nghwhnj, c fhR mtF nghfhk fhJbfh.
ehLgW bkhgW cilat elJ czL, kUJfil,
Jfil Kjad J bjhiy UjhY, iy J TLjyhf
UjhY, ntW FiwUjhY, mnfna brW thF. mtru
fhuzkhfnth, ntW fhuzjhnyh, jtw nejh, jtW vW czJ
tUJ. Toatiu jeho j bjhyhfsh
bragl
bghUfisna thF.
c bkhia ehil nghWtjfhf kwtf bkhia
ehil whnj; gfhnj; btWfhnj; mayh jhiagJ
btWfhnj. mayh jhia gJ btWfhkny e jhl m
brYj Ko. mjifa mjh iyahdJ; ogJ.
jHfilna cs gif, fis nkY tsF brafis
brahnj; mjifa brhfis brhyhnj; mthwhd vzfis
vzhnj. jHilna xWik tsF ij, brh, brafisna
nghW. Ritahf UjhY Kditia ehlhnj. RitaUjhY
ditia nghW.
bfhiffS ffS affS ehL
kf eikfhf
njhait. Mfnt bfhiff, ff,
affisl ehL kf eikna bgJ vW cz.
14

jehL cauntL vwh Fs kiy, fhL, yK, U

caj my. F thG ahtU xW vW fUJ. Mfnt eho
cs tWik, ntiyyh lhl, ir vLj Kja bfhLikf
xantL vW fUJ.
ViH vW moik vW iy vW
ghuah fl fdit nghW. tatfis fhQnghbjyh id.
ahJ Cnu ahtU nf vD ey iy tuntL.
cyf
xU FLgkhf thHntL vW Mt bfh. mj iy tjh,
ehLgW vgJ ntlhjjhL vW mJbfh. mJtiu
eehoF eh brantoa flik UwJ vgij kwthnj.

c khdijl eho khd bgaJ vW cz. c caitl,

eho ca aikahjJ vW cz, c eyijl eho
ey wjJ vW cz. beUfo neUnghJ c ey, ca, khd
Matiw ehLfhf LbfhL. jiyik cid njobfhL
tjh tuL.
mij njo bfhLngh miyahnj. njl
ntLtJ bjhL.
jiyik jhFtJ xUtif bjhLjh.
jdy mwtF mJ bghW fY Fj bjhL. mjifa
jiyik bghW vnghjhtJ cid eho tjh VWbfh. Mdh,
bjhLF KJ, jiyikF J vgJ c beahf UfL.
j eho brhdgo bra M iy. Mdh, flgo brhy
M Vuhs. xbthUtU Miz LtjF Uwh. ml
xGFtjF ahU iy. mjdhjh nejJ vwh
ntfhdj.
Mifah, bghJeyfhf fLgLj, goj,
bjhL brj tiw bgUikahf bfh. nkY, eh thf
vG bfhoUf ntLtiy. cdF ngha m wik
Uwd.
mtiw jf t gagLj ntLnk vgJjh
v ftiy. mjdhjh ts vGnd.
c mz,
tst
kh dhf

beLdhf
1. jhbkh tsbgw lhl K.t. TW miu ahJ?
2. lhl K.t. ehLgW, jiyikg g vd TWwh?

15

Cbfyh bghJfht wjKiw VgL tiu xbthUtU

j il jhL fhJ bfhsntL myth? mJnghy,
cyfF bghJthd xU wj MKiw VgLtiu, e ehil
eh jtwhk fhJ bfhsntL. mJ FWa nehf mW;
aikahj flik vW czJbfh.

yfz

brh
bgabrh
bjhbga

khj MlfL nfhty kjh.

bjhl cs bgabrhf, idbrhf, bjhbgafis mnth.

khj, nfhty - it bgabrhf

fL, kjh - it idbrhf

Ml - vgJ bjh bga.

mWtif bgabrhfS bjhbgaU xW vgjid KtFnyna

fUf.
Ml - vgJ MLj vD bjhiy Fgjdh,
mJ bjhbga vdglJ.

ML + m = Ml.
m - vgJ bjh bga F. thW
bjhbgaiu Ff tU Ff: j, m, m, I, if, it, F, ,
c, , , , c, fhL, ghL, mu, Mid, ik, J, M vgd.

idgFnahL nkFj Ffis nrjh bjhbgauhF.

(v.fh.) bgWj

= bgW + j

nfhl

= nfhL + m

Ml
= ML + m
thif = th + if

bfhiy
gwit

= bfh + I
= gw + it

nghF

= ngh + F

= +

tu
cz

= tu + c
= cz +

kw
y

= kw +
= y +

br

= br + c

rhfhL

= rh + fhL

nfhghL = nfh + ghL

njhwu

= njhW + mu

nfshid = nf + Mid
ghJ
= gh + J.

elthik
jhHh

= el+ M + ik
= jh + M

bjhbga tiff
bjhbga UtifgL.
1.

Kjiy bjhbga

2. Kjiy j bjhbga

1. Kjiy bjhbga
b j h b g a F f n s y h k , g F k L t J , b j h iy
czJtjF Kjiy bjhbga vd bga.

16

(v.fh.)

fyDF mo GjJ.

bjhl
czJwJ.

mo,

vgJ

Fbgwhk,

gFah

bjhiy

2. Kjiy j bjhbga
bjhbga Kjiyaha gF J tUtJ Kjiy j
bjhbgauhF.
(v.fh.) mtj kf ngW.

mtDF vd nfL?

F bgW, bfL vD Kjiyf ngW, nfL vd J

bgWj, `bfLj vD bghUis czJwd.
idahyiz bga
KUf gR bgwh.

gR bgwhid ghuhod.
U bjhlY, bgwh vD idbrh tJsJ.
bgwh

vgJ,

KUf

vD

vGthF

ulhtJ bjhl cs bgwhid vgJ KUfid FF

bgauhf tJsJ.
thW idKW, idia Ffhk idbrjtiu FgJ
idahyiz bga vdgL. J idFa fhy fhL; bgaFa
ntWik cUfis bgW tU.
bgwhid -
wjfhy

bgWwhid -

ffhy

bgWthid -
vfhy
bgwh + I vd, ulh ntWik cUghd I VW tJsik fhf.
bjhbgaF idahyiz bgaF cs ntWghLf
bjhbga

idahyiz bga

bjhYF bgauh tU.

bjh brgtUF bgauh tU.

glif l tU.

_lfY tU.

fhyfhlhJ.

Kfhyij fhL.

17

Kj bjhlYs
gaiyahf tJsJ.

g bga

gig czJ bga g bga. mWtif bgaU xwhd
g bga w, Rit, ms, tot Mat mogil njhW.
1.
brik, btik, fUik - wg
2. tl, rJu, T, brtf - totg
3.
xW, miu, nyhl - msg
4.
fhu, , - Ritg
g bga Ff
ik, I, , , c, F, , W, m, m, g, J vgd gbga Ff.

(v.fh.) eik

= e + ik
bjh + I

= e +

eW

= e + W

bjhiy =

k h
kh

= kh +
= kh +

ey
ed

= e + m
= e + m

kH

= kH + c

= + g

eF

= e + F

= ik + J

g
1. bghUjhj brhiy tlLf.
m) bgW, RL, eL, bfL, L.
M) brik, tl, xW, fUik, btik.
) Ml, mz, njl, nghF, ghj.
kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. nfhol l ca ilia njbjGJf.
1. bjhbga gF J tU bga

m) Fbgw bjhbga ) Kjiy j bjhbga

M) Kjiy bjhbga
vd .

2. fh vD bjhbga

m) fh + ) fh +
M) fh +

18

 3.
kh vgJ

MF.

) bjhbga ) g bga
m

M) idahyizbga
4.
tjh vD
bgauh tU.

idKW

vd

idahyiz

m) tUth M) thuh ) tjt

2. bghUJf.
bjh bga - e
Kjiy j bjhbga - mfth
g bga - NL
idahyiz bga - tUj
3. nfhol l ca ilia njbjGJf.

1. gF kL bjhiy FgJ
m) Kjiy j bjhbga )

.
Kjiy bjhbga

M) g bga
2. tu vD bjhbga F
m)
3. tl vgJ

M) c ) vJiy
bga MF.

m) msg M) Ritg ) totg

M) Wdhf
1. bjhbga vgJ ahJ? vLJfhL jUf.
2. bjhbga Ff ehfid vLJfhLl vGJf.
3. Kjiy j bjhbga vwh vd? vLJfhL jUf.
4. bjhbgaUF idahyiz bgaUF cs ntWghLf
ahit?

19

tHhiy, tG, tGtik

m) tHhiy
yfz Kiwgo FwyhJ ngRtJ vGJtJ tHhiy vdgL.
brt gojh. bjhl brt vD Mgh xUikbga
gojh vD Mgh xUik idKiw bfhnl KowJ. vdnt,
J tHhiy vdgL. tHhiy mWtifgL.
1.
iz tHhiy

br ghodh, khL tjJ.

2.
gh tHhiy

fz tjh, eh XoaJ.

3.
l tHhiy

: eh tnj, tUth.

4.
fhy tHhiy

5.
dh tHhiy

: j yfz vjid tifgL?

6.
il tHhiy
:

ehis tUnt, neW gonj.

jeho jiyefu vJ? vD dhF
brid vd ilaj.

M) tG
yfz Kiw ngRtJ vGJtJ tG vdgL. tG iztG,
ghtG, ltG, fhytG, dh tG, iltG, kutG vd VGtifgL.
1. iztG
v khkh tjJ.
khkh vD caiz bga, tjJ vD m~iz idbfhL
KojJ. mjdh, J iztG.
2. ghtG
fz tjh.
fz vD bggh bga, tjh vD Mgh idbfhL
KoJsJ. mjdh, J ghtG.
3. ltG
ehf tjhf.
ehf vgJ jiklJ gik bga. mbga, tjhf vD
gliflJ gyghbyhL KoJsJ. vdnt, bjhl ltG.
4. fhy tG
ffhy ehis tjh.
bjhl ehis vD vfhy bgabuhL tjh vd wjfhy
id ka tJsJ. mjdh, J fhytG.

20

5. dhtG
KillJ nrtyh bgilah?
nrt vd bghUjyhj dhit nfljdh dhtG.
6. iltG
ehis g wfgLkh? vD dhF, v mijF cleyiy
vd TWtJ iltG MF.
7. ku tG
eh fJ. bjhl ku tG.
Kiwahd xku.

Vbd, eh FiuF vgnj

) tGtik
yfz Kiwgo FwKilaJ vD, yfz Mafsh FwkW
vd VWbfhsgLtJ tGtik MF.

rhW
1.

f y, jhf tsF yFfSF bgaL miHF

gHf cL. tUw gRit ghJ, v yR tJlh vd
TWtjid nfoUf.

thW TWtJ, iztGthD

iztGtikahf VWbfhnwh.

2.

FoauR jiyt ehis jHf tUwh bjhl, FoauR jiyt

ehis tUth vd mikj ntL. mthW mikaiybawhY
eh iHahf fUJtiy.

Vbd,
mtuJ
tUif

fhytGtikahf VWbfhnwh.

cWjik

tG - iH, jtW, Fw
tHhiy -

iHik, jtik

tGtik - iH - Mdh, iHahf bfhshik.

g : bghUjhj brhiy tlLf.
m) fz, fa, khztf, fhf.
M) khL fJ,

ahid W, F bfhR,

) T, fidF, fiu, mf, myW.

<) FHij, Fo, kj, gh.
21

k mf.

fhuzkhf

neh

ctif ( k ), w, ca, cW, d fhuzkhf iztG

ghtG fhytG tGtikahf VWbfhsgL.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. nfhol l ca ilia njbjGJf.
1.
tG

tifgL.

m) uL M) VG ) xgJ
2. v khkh tjJ vgJ

m) iz tG M) gh tG ) fhy tG
2. nfhol lij uf.
1. yfz KiwyhoD yfzKilajhf VWbfhtJ
2. gRit ghJ, v yR tjh vgJ

3. iHia U

tGtik MF.

vGJf.

1.
j neW tjh.

2. vUJ toia Gjd.

3. khzt nj vGdh.

4.
mt khzt my.

5.
cilf JlJ.

6. vfq yt xUt thjd.

tFgiwwf
FG fyJiuahl
Xukh tUnt
xGfh nghnt
Cf tjh
xJna brnt
lgf elng
Ugf ghng
rlbfW ng
rhiyia flng!
1.

ghl TW fUJ vd?

2.

f rhiyfis gWfsh?

rhiyfis gWtjdh VgL eikfis, gwho VgL

isfis FG fyJiuahLf.
22

ngRj w : IJ kJ ngRf.
1. eh U ma mP
2. eh Mauhdh....
vGJj w
m) tU brhbwhlfis J vGJf.

(v.fh.) eh iuthf brwjdh ca neu mF Uf KojJ.

eh iuthf brnw.
Uf KojJ.

mjdh,

ca neu mF

g
1. vdF f tJljdh mj ehlfij KGtJ ghf
Koaiy.
2. k neW tJ vl jf thbrwh.
3. cikia czj KJ gzij khwl bfhLjh.
5. gh Xoajid eh ghnj.
M) xnu brhbwhluhFf.

(v.fh.) eh Kig brnw.

mtD Kig brwh.

ehD mtD Kig brnwh.

g
1. LF ngh.

jf vLJ th.

2. a ghL ghLth. mnghJ ffis _o bfhth.

3. ahid tjJ.

mjid ghJ FHij jJ.

4. nru ngh njhwh; mjdh, iw milfglh.

ikafUjj w
tU gid goJzJ ikafUid xnu t vGJf.
ntWikfis gagLbfhL FWa thiffhf vnghJ
mikia FiygJ, kfis VgJ nghf bra. cikahsfSF
f U J n t Wi k U D n gh u h l n e u h J .
kh wh f, xWik
ehLeynfg j ntWikfis gagLJ gghL UF.
ikafUJ : ntWik tsJ jdy fhngh nghf; ntWik
fisJ xWik fhngh cikahsf.

23

4. eh ehis CUFnghFnghJ fzid rng.

g : ikafUJ vGJf.

ntWikfis mF gagLjhk mtiw eikF gagL
KndWj ntL. mtut brafSnfg eik ikf VgLtjid
mtutnu mkhW LLj ntL. mjid LJ ikfis
xngh vd tJ fLjdh ga VJ neuhJ.
mjdh, nkY
fyfnk is. ikfis xf bghJxGif mjhtJ, rlij vyh
muRfS tWJwd. mjF mrlfS bgJ Jizwd.
ikafUJ

bkhw g
bkhw g
td F lfS td fh lfS

Ubrhfis nrJ vGJnghJ il y lf td

bk vGJf ( , , , ) F tU. bkbaGJ F tuntoa
l fhkY fhj l F tjh bghU khWgL. Mfnt,
td F lfis fh lfis bjthf mj ntL.
td F lf
1. m, , c vD RblGJfis mLJ, v vD dhit mLJ
tU tdfsha , , , F.

m + iga = miga

+ bro = bro

v + g = vg

2. mj, j, vj; mF, F, vF; mgo, go, vgo vD RL

dhbrhfis mLJ td F.

mj + nfh

= mjnfh

mF + brwh = mFbrwh

vF + nghdh = vFnghdh

3. ulh ntWik td F.
iy + go = iygo
ghiy + Fo = ghiyFo
4. ehfh ntWik td F.
mtDF + bfhLjh = mtDFbfhLjh
gF + brwh = gFbrwh.

24

5. uL, _W, ehF, Ijh ntWik cU gaD clbjhf

bjhif td F.
j + Fl = jFl
ku + bgo = kubgo
L + rh = Lrh
+ d = d.
6. gbjhif td F.
gir + gL
= girgL
gir + = gir
7. UbgabuhL gbjhif td F.
rhiu + gh = rhiugh
kif + = kif
8. ctikbjhif td F.
jhkiu + if = jhkiuif.
9. XbuGJ xU bkh td F.
+ Rl = Rl
+ Til = Til
10. <Wbfl vkiwbgabur td F.
mah + f = mahf
Xlh + Fiu = XlhFiu
11.

tbjhl FaYfu td F.

gJ + ghL = gJghL
vL + bjhif = vLbjhif
12. l, w xW uoF c, beo bjhl FaYfuf td
F.
ML + go = MLgo
ehL + gW = ehLgW
13. KaYfu td F.
bghJ + nj
= bghJnj
U + Fw = UFw

25

ky + f
= kyf

14. rhy, jt Kja cbrhf td F.

rhy + ngdh = rhyngdh.
jt + J = jtJ.
15. M, vd, , Mf Kja ilbrhf td F.
vd + Tdh = vd Tdh.
+ fhngh = fhngh.
td fh lf
1. mJ, J, mit, it vD RL brhf D vJ, vit vD
dhbrhf D td fhJ.
mJ + gwjJ = mJ gwjJ.
mit + gwjd = mit gwjd.
vJ + jf = vJ jf

vit + brwd = vit brwd.

2. M, V, X vD dh vGJf td fhJ.
mtdh + brwh = mtdh brwh.
mtndh + ngdh = mtndh ngdh.
mtnd + jh = mtnd jh.
3. vGthbjhl td fhJ.
ky

+ jJ = ky jJ

tL + gwjJ = tL gwjJ.
4. mjid, jid, vjid vD brhfSF td fhJ.
mjid + glf = mjid glf
jid + gwitf = jid gwitf
vjid + fhiff = vjid fhiff
5. idbjhif td fhJ.
CW
+ fh = CWfh
RL + nrhW = RLnrhW
6. cikbjhif td fhJ.
fyguz
ugf

26

7. ulh ntWikbjhif td fhJ.

j + fwh = j fwh.
fl + fljh = fl fljh.
8. _wh ntWik cUf (xL, XL) td fhJ.
bthL

+ nrj = bthLnrj

fynuhL + guz = fynuhLguz

9. vL, gJ ju w vfSF td fhJ.
xW

+ bfhL = xWbfhL

uL + ng

= uLng

10. anfh idKWF td fhJ.

thf
+ j = thf j
tha + gyhL = tha gyhL
11.

uils, mLFbjhlf td fhJ.

gh + gh = ghgh
12. <Wbfl vkiw bgabur ju wbgaburf td
fhJ.
fw + Wt = fw Wt
a + bg = a bg
g
njitahd lf td bkfis L vGJf.

1. mj igaid ewhf gof brj ntL.

2. tj iga brhd brfis bghWikahf nfl ntL.

3. neW elj wghd ffis fL gyU ajd.

4. fyguz jytf.

5. f nff wJ sFgt eik ikfis mth.

6. mj rhiy f brikahf fhzgLwJ.

7. xbthUtU gojjid ftdkhf Fngo vG itj ntL.

8. jf gonjit.

9. ghJ ghJ nfLnfL knj.

mnjhL glit nrJ bfhs ntL.

27

ry + ry = ryry

bghUJf.

9+4 - 14
8+2 - 19
5+9 - 22
20+2 - 13
18+1 - 10

fLiu g
eh Kjyikruhdh......

eig yFj
egf
tHfkh
jlid
W mnj

cz ilntisF wF fhyjh tFF tUtjid

bfhoUjh FnyhJf. mjfhf, Mal gyKiw
bgwh. MdhY, j tHfij khbfhsiy.
fijjh.

iuJ tF EiHJ, tHfkhf khw mU cfhU Fku

tuhjjdh, ml cfhjh. FnyhJfl UJ btRUo
thil tUtjidaJ bfhlh khw. Ma tJljdh, mtl
mnghJ VJ ngriy.
khiy LF brYnghJ ifoj jtW vd, mj
isfis T, mgHfij LLkhW Tdh.
vyh vdF bj. cntiyia ghJL nghlh, bga
nkij tJlh miu brhy, vd myakhf T dbfhlh.
, mtDl gHFtjid WbfhSj ntL vd j
kdF KobtLJ bfhlh, khw.
1. khw Ta miu ahJ? mjid FnyhJf Vwhdh?
2. khw FnyhJfDl
jtwh?

gHfTlhJ

vd

KobtLjJ

rah,

3. FnyhJf cf egdhf Ujh f vd brf?

28

thifw
kWj w
Vlh, gTl ukh Llhf? vW bral
nflh, fnty.
e g ehis kUJtKfh elf Uwjh. mjF Vnjh
VghL braQkh; mjdhy ukh Llhf. ehbkyh nrJngh
zJy FL mgwkh LF nghyh, thlh vd miHjh
bra.
fntyDnfh r bjahJ. mjdh Ff brtjh, ntlhkh?
bgnwhUF bjahk Jtiu vjid mt brjiy. eg
miHig kWjh, ebfL. egDF clglh bgnwh foJbfht.
r bjahk z Ff brW VjhtJ elJlh vdthtJ?
eg miHig kd nehfhk kWgJ vthW vd fnty
f bjhldh.
kd

kf
bghWik
Jw xUt bjUtna elJ brWbfhoUjh. mnghJ ObuW
ehYng XotJ mtiu jhL Xold.
mUUj kwtf mtl, mtf cfis jhanghJ, f
V jLfiy vd nfld.
mjF mt, eh jLfhk UjjF fhuz cL.
xW,
vid mojj _ykhf mtf d jUF; kbwhW, vid
mofhlh ntW ahiuahtJ moUghf. vdntjh, mtf d
Utiu vid jhFnghJ jLfhk Unj vwh, mJw.
mtjh kfhu.

bkhahf brf.
There is nothing in the world as valuable as time. The man
who fails to utilize his time carefully will ever remain poor. The man
who uses every minute of his time wisely will gain many advantages.

29

fnty iy fUjh cf eg miHig

nehfhk vthW kWf?

Every night before going to bed, think over the days happenings. If
you have, make a resolve to be careful in future. Set apart sometime
everyday for prayer.
izahd j gHbkhia mf.
1. Take away the fuel, the boiling will cease.
vtjid Ldh bfhgJ mlF.
2. Practice makes perfect.

uK ifgHf, brjG ehgHf.

3. The law-maker should not be a law-breaker.

ntna giu nkjhnghy.
4. Misfortune never comes single.

glfhny gL, bfl Fona bfL.

5. Look no gift horse in the mouth.

jhd bfhLj khil giy oJ ghfyhkh?

30

tsu braghLf
nfl w

braghL - 1

ghliy gof nfL dhfSF ilaf.

1. ghl lbgWs vJif eafis TWf.

2. nk brh bghU ahJ?
3. MU - yfzF ahJ ?
4. ghl goj vD bghU jU brh vJ?
5. ghlYF Vw jiyig TWf.

ngRj w

braghL - 2

j ya kw Hh fuiy ghJ, HhF tUif

jJnshF tuntiu fJf.
j ya kw Hh
l: muR kf nkiy g, nrhf, nt khtl.
eh: 30. 09. 2013 fhy: gf 2.00 k
f u
jjh thJ
: khza
tuntiu
: khza jiy
Kiy
: bgnwh Ma fHf jiyt
jiyik
: jiyikaha
w Ud
: Kjik f mYty
wiu
: gilf vD jiy yt bf. rgJ
f bjhFghs : khza jiy
ya ff
: ngR, ghl, fijTw, fLiu goj
rhj tHf
: U. . rho, jHha
eiu
: U. . ghg, KJfiy jHha
ehLg
: khza

31

XjD fwjJ xGf vw

cikjid khztf czu ntL

nk wgilj nknyh buyh

nkikw fhuze byhGf nkjh

ntjidf tjhY y nghF

btfS ebyhGf u ndhnf

Mjdh khzte byhGf jid

MUngh fUaij fhf ntL.
dhf

goj w

braghL - 3

fhQ ciugia goJ FG fyJiuahLf.

f, f, f ~J xnw nghJ ekF njit. Inuhgh
gy efufSF eh gaz brUnw. mnf rhjhuz ViH va
kfSFTl ilUF thif trfis fia eh
ftUnw. nghbjyh ekJ ehL ViH va kf gjhg iyia
idJ eh fL mGUnw. j ntWghLF fhuz vd?
f vgJjh vdF ilj il.

vjifa f jdifia jJ xUtid brhjfhf Fgo

brwnjh, mJjh cikahd f. rKjhaYs M bg midtUF
cik fia mgnj ekJ flik. mj f_ykhf mtf jfSF
eyJ vJ, bflJ vJ vgjid njbjLJ bfhthf; bfljid
LLthf.
xU eho Kndw vgJ, mj ehLkf bgUF f, mthw
Matiw bghUnj mikwJ. eh L catila ntLkhdh,
bghJkf vyhUF fia guahf ntL. bghJkfSF
fia jJ mtfis caLf. ~J xnw xWjh ekJ wig
bgWtjFa xU tahF.
-

ntfhdj, u isPUF

mfu tirgLJj

braghL - 4

fhQ ciug tz vGYs brhfis mfu tirgL

vGJf.
uhkUod gukmr mbthahf sat. mt kiwF
d amid rhujh njah jkJ Ukl UJbfhL, jid
eho tUgtfSF befho jtbgURluh sdh. mikahUila
UKf fUiznj JF. mtUila ifglh id . Jgf
kh. jid njotU mgfSF jhngh m fhodh.
,

brhtjid vGJj

braghL - 5

UFw TW caa gfS xW rhwhik. mjid

cilatnu rhnwh. rhwhik vD brh jbkh xWnf caJ.
rhwhikjik, j kf fiy.
rhwhik g, jHf jgl cilik. rhwhik vD
brhiyTl wbkhf bkhbgaf ayhJ. bkhbgaJ TdhY
mbrh jTW bghU uhJ.

32

Ffis bjGJj

braghL - 6

Gs Ffis gagL c egDF foj tiuf.

eg C Fo gwhFiw - kiH nr - Fs, CU,
V Kjad yjo catjF _ykh Uj - iyfis th,
fiuaikJ, ku eLj - iyfSFa tuJ tfis thUj braf ehLeyg l g khztfis <LgLJj
ms egDF,

eh ey. c ey ma Mtyh cns. c foj ilf
bgnw. cf C Fo gwhFiwah kf . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

wbkh brhfSFa j brhf vGJj

braghL - 7

foj cs monfhol wbkh brhfis mtWfhd jbrhfis

vLJ vGJf.
UFwhy
ms f mtfSF,
ehlffh vD iy thF nghbjyh
cf
Mnuhaijg ghuhuh Ko f neU. vts
mHfh vjh agh GJ brwJ j vW aJbfhnl
nghnd. fij vjidnah ffSFns vyh kl J
nghdhY bj Fiwiy. mra, Mdj vyh kdir v
gbfhSwd. jGF X ya iljJ, f rnjh.
ml,
o. nf. jguehj
( k, ngUtif, a, g, cley, goF)
wbkh brhf

j brhf

thF

goF

33

10.11.1953

mj w

braghL - 8

mltizia uf.

t.
v

tG

tGiy tif

tHhiy

tHhiy tif

ah ghL
ghodh

ah ghL ghodh gh tG

LF mfh tjJ

ehf tnjh

fy ehis tjh

fy ehis
tUth

fiw <wJ
gRth?fhisah?

fiw <wJ
gRth?

jbjw ah?
vD dhF
ghuah vd
ilaj.

iltG

k fJ

ku tG

gh tHhiy

iztG

iztHhiy
ltHhiy

ku tHhiy

brh isahL

braghL - 9

fhQ flf cs j vfis bjhlJ brwh xsitah

bghbkhf ilF.mtiw flJ vGJf.

ng

if nl x

nt

nr

br

<

bz J

d J

il

ng

xs

nf

nH f

34

J
x

na

1.

6.

2.

7.

3.

8.

4.

9.

5.

10.

gilghw

braghL 10

mHF vD brh, UbrhYil mikgo ghlbyhW vGJf.

taYF mHF brGik
thSF mHF Tik
yJF mHF bghWik
UF mHF jik

(v.fh.)

fwyil WkL
fhy : 15kJ

kbg : 10

1. XU tf ilaf. 5 1 = 5

1. fhkuhr vF, vnghJ wjh?

2. fhkuhr gagLa yf vJ?

3. fhkuhrUF eLtzuR tHa UJ ahJ?

4. fhkuhr fgia ghuho jHf muR brj w vd?

5. f ts ehshf bfhlhlgL eh vJ?

2. bghUJf. 5 1 = 5
m) fhkuhr wj ML

- 1954

M) fhkuhr Kjyikruhf gjnaw ML

- 1903

) fhkuhr rlkw cWduhd ML

- 1975

<) fhkuhr my a fhuR jiytuhd ML - 1937

c) fhkuhr kiwj ML

- 1963

35

 a uL

br

Kbjhshu
nru
gahid k gLiw jJ
ky beLk thF L
tj thlhj thndhU thdt
byG thth R.

bghU: gy ahidfis bfhLs murfns! cfSF ilF

bghUis nru kdDF iwahf mJ iHJ bfhSf.
cf tsf beoa kfJ dij bghJ itf.
Vbd, thlhj khiyaj thdtfS nru totij
vG itnj thDy thwhf.
brhbghU : c - iHJbfhSf; ky - tsik; t - beUf;
R - thd.
yfzF:ky beLk- cbrhbwhl; beLk - gbjhif;
thF - idbjhif.
jj : jJ = jJ + c; byG = + vG;
L - L + .
m : jFngw m.

nrhH
nrj w iwj Unk
< LaJiyjh Vdh - nej
bfhilu nkhbk iwFiwah tf
gilu nkhbr g.
bghU : nrhH kd, jl milfykhd whid fhf, j jiria
mWJbfhLjh. mjir <lhfhj fhuzjh, jhnd Jyhnfh Vdh.
go bra JjikF mtdJ bfhil unkh bkbahGf Fiwahj
gilunkh fhuz mW; mJ nrhH eg.
brhbghU: w - wh; iw - vil ; <J - mWJ; Jiy - Jyhnfh
(juhR); iw - xGf; tf- ujik; nk - cl.

36

yfzF : caJiy - idbjhif; Fiwah tf - <Wbfl

vkiw bgabur.

ghoa
kU ahf kwfdnt kd
cUjF khnghiy ahf - Ujf
itaf bkyh bkkbj bwGJnk
bkhiynt khw fW.

brhbghU : kU - jj; C - vGjh; kw - u; fd - beU;

Ujf - brt iyj; itaf - cyf; bkhiy - beUaikj
iy; khw - ghoa kd; fW - M ahid.
yfzF : iynt - ctikbjhif; kU, khnghiy cUtff; khwfW - Mwh ntWikbjhif.
jj : kU - kU + C; khnghiy - kh + Xiy;
vkbjW - vkJ + vW; bkhiy - bkh + iy.
m : cUtf m.
F : _ntjfis ga _W bjhshu ghlfis bfhl
Kbjhshu. MD, KGikahf ilfiy.
wuL vD thyhf bwL btgh, giHa ciu
f nknfhfshf UguL btgh ilJsd.
_ntjf Mw, gilw, nghw, bfhil Kja
brfis ghlf sFwd. wj ya eaK fgid
tsK iwj yhf Kbjhshu fwJ. Ma
bga bjaiy.

37

bghU : beU mikj iynghw toyhd ntiy cilat

ghoa kd. mkd ahid, j jjfis vGjhahf
u brj ntgiliaila gif kd mfw khfis
XiyfshfbfhL brt iyj cyfbkyh v ghoaUFaJ
vd vGJ.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. nfhol l ca ilia njbjGJf.
1. nru kd milahs d
m)

M) )

2. nrhH kd

id fhf, j jiria mjh.

m) gR M) wh ) k
3. khnghiy vGJ vGjh

m) <o M)
if ) jj
bghUJf.
2.
R - jj

Jiy - beU
kU - Jyhnfh
fd - ahid
fW - thd
M) FWdhf
1. kdf iHJbfhS tahf Kbjhshu TWtJ ahJ?
2. nrhH Jyhnfh VaJ V?
3. gilunkh br g - to br vgJ ahiu FF?
4. ahid vGjhahf bfhlJ vjid?
) Wdhf
1. thdtf thtJ vj?
2. nrhH egig sFf.
3. ahid, gift kh vGaJ vd?

38

ffJgu
- rabfhlh
1.

th bgD Kgnjh
ij Tuth btJ yJbr

eh th jid budh
e ehdh e Fnk.

brhbghU: th - beU; ij - vz; Tu - f; e - kh.

yfzF: btJ, cyJ, vdh, Tu - idbarf; breh - g
bjhif.
gFgj cWyfz : cyJ - cy + () + + c. cy - gF; - r,
- MdJ fhu; - wjfhy iliy, c - idbar F.
jj : th - th + ; btJyJ - btJ + cyJ.
2.

fhojid flJvd fUKY

b t k f l f m g h

XoisJ claj atnwh
c F d Y g m k h ! *
bghU : fUnkfK bty ghiy yij bky flJ
brwd. mbghGJ btg Fahf UjJ. mbtgij
jhfhk, mit iuJ Xod. XLbghGJ mt cl fisJ
aJ bfhoa ait iuna, fUnkf kiHahf, bty
gahf bghjd.
brhbghU : K - nkf; k - y; cF - brhj (bghj);
d - .

39

bghU : ghiy y fL btg yaJ. mjdh, kh th btJ cyjJ;

beUUJ iljhY FoJlyh vw vz njhWksF
jhfjh jjJ. breh thUJ to ciuTl Fof KaW
e, wJ. (brehF kh m XL vD, ghiy y btik
Fah jj a kwJ fisUjdth.)

yfzF : fUKY btk - vQik; fUK,

btk - gbjhiff; flf, Xo, isJ - idbarf;
aj atnwh - bgabur.
jj : fhojid - fhL + jid; fUK - fUik + K;
btk - btik + k.

Ma F : ffJguia aat rabfhlh.

t, Uth% khtlYs gFo vD Cd; Kj
FnyhJf nrhH murit ytuhf fjt; gunfh
rabfhlh vd gyglil brhfehj yt ghuhosh;
irahu, cyhkl Ma fis ash. tuJ fhy
.. gulh whL.
F : Mufzfhd ahidfis ngh bfhw uid
fJ ghL yaF gu vgJ bga. J, bjhwhW
tif yafS xW. gu yafS j njha
Kj ffJgu. ff kd mdjgkJ Kj
FnyhJf nrhH nghbjhLJ btbgwh. mbtia
ghuho vGj , njhw ffeho bgauh, mikJ
csJ. , IW bjhbwhgJ jhirf csd.
rabfhlh rkfhy ytuhd xlTj iy bjj
bjtgu vd fJsh.
Mid Mu mkil btw
khdt DF tFgJ gu.
- gU ghoa
gu yaf
1. jfahf gu

3. nkhftij gu

5. dJ gu

2. tfJ gu

4. ghrtij gu

6. uhlJ gu

vdF f Ugkhd ya
xW cblwh
mJ ffJguna.

- nguP mzh

40

kh dhf
m) wta dhf
1. nfhol l ca ilia njbjGJf.
1. j njha Kj gu ya

m) jfahf gu M) nkhftij gu ) ffJgu

.

2.
ffJguia aat
m) xlTj M) rabfhlh

) fnH yt
.

3. e - brh bghU

m) kh M) eh ) e
tifgL.

4.
yaf

m) 18 M) 108 ) 96

2. bghUJf.
ij -
brhj
e -

K -
kh
d -
nkf
cFj -
vz
M) FWdhf
1. gu ya - F vGJf.
2. ffJgu bgafhuzij vGJf.
3. kh th cyu fhuz ahJ?
4. nkfK y iunjhoaJ V?
) Wdhf
1. rabfhlh - F vGJf.
2. ghiy y btikia ffJgu vthW tUJsJ?

41

 ciueil

cyfsha jH
fnjh knjhwh fhynj thbshL Knjha _jFo
vd jd bjhikia wbghU btghkhiy TW. cy
KjKj njha kj jHnd vgJ khla Muhahsf
fUJ. Fkfl njha jd cyfbkyh gu jfiH
iyeho tUwJ.
jd gut
cy Ia ehLf rig cWik bgw W bjhW
uL ehLfS ehgJ _W MyfS Mf UW KgijJ
ehLf csd. mt VwjhH iwgJ ehF ehLf jd
gusJ.
gJ jHfKj VG yrJ Igdhu
mehLf thwhf. mtW, UgJ ehLf
nkgl jH thwd.

jHftiu
yrF

jH ybgau fhuzf
thf, ntiyth Ma fhuzfSfhf jHf ma
ehLfSF brwhf. rf yafY J Fj br
fhzgLwJ. mjdhynwh xsitahU, iuflnyho ua njL
vwh.
rhJt thf brbghUL flflJ brw F
knkfiy csJ.

42

MnyafS, buRfhufS jH yiu moik Tfsh,

mtj MSifF cgl ehLfSF miHJ brwhf. y,
eho Vgl gr fhuzkhf kW y, ma gilbaL
fhuzkhf jHfijL iHf brwd.
jH iy
jH ybgaJ brW gy ehLf thjhY, jkJ clYiHghY
neikahY mehLfis tsbgw brjd; jhK tsbgW caJsd;
j cikfis iy ehosd.
gghL iy

mtf buRfhufsh Jnr,fhiufh gFfUJ xgj

Tfshf mF Foakjglhf. uhR eho xU gFahf
fUjgL m thG jHf buRbkhna ngRwhf. mtf,
jiH ngrhjnghJ jHj gghL TWfis kwthJ ws
g tUwhf. nfh UHhf fhto vLgJ, njGgJ
mF W eilbgW tUwd. mehLf jbkhia ff
ff Kaf nkbfhsgL tUwd vgJ FljfJ.
bkh iy
yif thG jHU bjhiwJ Gfhod bjhlf
gKj gfiyfHftiu jnyna f gwd. f,
bkhaR, knyah, f, bj mbkfh, fdlh, l Ma
ehLf j xU ghlkhf ffgLwJ.
mbkf ehL nguhaf . v. uh#, #h{ v. Ah,
bfsrah Ah, . nAh, uh, ehk, Ah nk,
l. Fnsh, n# uhfh, kiwj nguha V.nf. uhkhD#
Kjnah jGF Ma mUgf nghwjfd.
gy ehLfSF thH brw jHf, j tUthia kL
nehfkhf bfhshk, jiH tsF braf <LgL tUtJ
mtj bkhgiw fhLwJ. UgJ ehF kneuK Clff
(
thbdh, bjhiyfh, izajs ) j ffis nff
fhz Mfhnf thG jHf mjj ehL muRfl mDk
bgWshf. j Clff jHfis izF ghyfshf
fwd. mit bkhia kwthk fhf nkgl bra ngUj
wd.

43

jH f, knyah, dhF Ma ehLf nfhf

fo MLnjhW UHhfis wghf el tUwd. gugs
ajhd a thgtfS bgUghiknah jHnu.

j Mbkh
yif, f, knyah Ma ehLf Mbkhahf j
fwJ. jiH ghlbkhahf gy, ja Mfis nkbfhs
trf bragLsd.
ehLf ir, ehoa, ehlf Kjadtiw ff VghLf
bragLsd. mR, x, x Clffis cybfF jH el
tUwd.

jHf milj ca
jH, j ehilL brwnghJ ahJ Cnu ahtU nf
vD canehnfhL thJ tUwd. mF jkJ wikia
iyeho, cagjf gyt gah tUwd. mtf, bjh
JiwY f JiwY f JiwY fh wl
gah tUwhf. moikfshf Tfshf brwiy kh,
W fwid mthwiy MSik wid btgLJ
tif cagjf gahW iyF jH caJsd. jh
cajJ kLkyhk, j jhehLF bgUik tsK nrJ
tUwd.
M iy
jH yif, knyah, f Kja ehLf gyt
csh njjf btbgW M bghWfis tJ
tUwd. ehlhSkw cWd, mikr
vd gy gjfY
ww bjhlh tUwd.
ah kLkyhk f, bkhaR Ma ehLf FoauR
jiytfshf jH njbjLfgLsd vgJ jdJF
bgUik nrwJ.
jhafJl cwiy
jHf, gntW fhuzfSfhf ybgaJ maehLf
thJ tjhY, j jhafij kwthk Uwhf. jhafYs
tsfis jh thG lfSF bfhL brwhf.
czbghUf, cilf, UHhfSfhd bghUf, irfUf,
j f, jf, nfh iyfbsd gghLF njitahdtiw
jhafUJ jUJ bfhwhf.
mJl gghL ff, fiy ffSF jhafUJ
fiyPfis tUJ kwhf. thW th ilF nghbjyh
jhafF tUifjJ j gghil nkgL bfhwhf.

44

jH vnwh dKL, jna mtbfhU FzKL vgjzf,

cybfF thG jHf jfsJ gghL milahsfis kwthkY kh bfhshkY thwhf. nkY mtf, jGF
jdJF jHfJF bgUik nrJ tUwhf.
fa Fwdh ahJ Cnu ahtU nf vD thif
bkF tz W jH cybfF thJ tUwd.
kh dhf
m) wtadhf

nfhol lij uf.

1. Ia ehLf cWik bgw ehLf vif

2. rhJt fl thf nkbfhlh vD F

fhzgLwJ.

3. iuflnyho ua njL vd Tat

4. jHf xgj Tfshf

Foakjglhf.
vLgJ

GgJ

M FWdhf

1. jd cy vbfyh gusJ?

2. jH ybgau fhuzf ahit?

3. ybgaj jH gghL iyia sFf.

4. Clff bkh tsF MW gfis vGJf.

5. maehL Miy jHj gid vGJf.

) Wdhf

1. iwa iy jH ybgatjfhd fhuzf ahit?

2. ybgaj jH jhafJl bfhLs bjhl vjifaJ?

3. a thG jH g vGJf.

<) beLdh

cyfsha jHj bkh iy, gghL iyia tf.

45

5. U H h f
eilbgWwJ.

 Jizghl

U..fahzRjudh jg
sik wthj brbkhahd jbkhia jHfJ
nkilf V jiHbjwyhf jtHbrjtfS Fljft
U..fahz Rjudh. mt, jkJ jFjilaw nkilngrhY aghd
bkheilahY jiH gobjhof vyh
gu
jbjw
vd nghwgl bgUjifa.
w f
bridF mUnfs Js vD C Ujhrydh
- dikah kfdhf 26.08.1883M eh wjh. brid
uhangilYs bt g gojh. cleyFiwdh
ilW ehF ML ilbtF wF L mnj g
nrjh. vD, jfKoahj fhuzdh Wnjid mtuh
vGj ayiy. MD, fiunty vghl j
gW j
nguhauhf cajh. yafis irt jhj rhufis
fg nguhtbfhlh.
jgW
vF j, vY j vgjid KG _rhfbfhL, tlbkh
brhf fythk a jnyna ngr vGj
ntL vd
tWdh. mjid eilKiw g mtU thJ fhodh.
wbkha
ekJ cleyij ngzntL vW Flh, w cleyij
nfL NHntL vW bghU bfhsTlhJ. mJnghynt, jiH
46

tsf ntL vwh, wbkhia btWfntL vgJ bghUsW

vgh. mjnfg jhK My bkh Mjfw yik
bgUjh. fhaof jHf tjnghbjyh mtuJ nkil ngid
bkhbgajt tnu.
isPfSF miu

isPfns! jGy jiyia XUf;

XJ (v)
cf bghWig czUf; jjhia Jnghit xgid
brJ mahrdjkj NbfhblGf, vGf; gHj uJl
vGf vW miwTt Lgh.
ngRg
vGJ kLkyhk, jkJ ngrhY jtsj bgUkfdh t.
U..f eil vnw xU jeilia eilKiwgLJ msF
ngRtJnghynt vGJtJ; vGJtJnghynt ngRtJ vD Ka
t bt flt.
U..f., btYbrh ikaJ cz brhfis nfhJ
nflh F jifath nfshU U tz ngRt
tyt. mP mzh cl mfhy isPfis
czF
ngdh jgh <J nkilj Kndhoahf fjt U..f.
vGJg
ciueil vGJtJ vdJ bjh vD msF ciueilF
mt k bfhLjh. mtUF
thj bkheil kiy vd
jGy X caJsJ vgh
bj. bgh. dh Rjudh.
jdh, fhy jbkh eilahsuhf kL fhQksF a
bkheil mt kj thif fhaofS, bg bgUik
myJ thif Jizey, kakiy myJ ahd Kja f
mtuJ fgidwid, Uj <Lghil caj eilia
btfhLwd.

47

isPfSF jGzL neh, isPfns! cf

jjh neW wjt my; W wjt my. mt f
bjhikilat; fiyfisilat. mtisah bfhtJ? jhbfhiy
tjh jH u? uJFa jf sKf neh nfnw.
neW W wj ehLfis fiyfis Xg bgUf
mtehlh KaW tUwd. ehnkh, gHbgUehil kiwf
ghnwh. j wj jk kLUbjd? bkh wJgo
ehL wJgLknwh? cynf xUnghJ ehffij tHa kh
thj xU bgU ehilah kwgJ? mjidah kiwgJ?

ciueil f
KUf myJ mHF, irtw, irt rkur, fl fh
jhkhdtU, uhkf Rthf Us, jehL ekhthU,
Koah? Ujkh?,
ehakh tuyhW, jf bgsj, fhjyh?
v fl gbrJ lgnj, ah Ljiy, jnrhiy,
cbsh vgd t aa
dw ciueil f.
br f
KUf mUntl, Ukh mUntl, J mUntl,
mUf mUntl, cik ntl, bghJik ntl, bghUS mUS
myJ khaK fhaK Mad tuJ br f.
jg

njrgj, etr vD jf thyhf bjhyhs

Kndwbgw ghLglt. mjfhf jkJ Ma gia Jwjh.
jkJ Wbfhl jKHfjh, jlj bjhyhsfis xizJ
bjhyhs af flh.
j thd
U..f., j jid, brh, bra iyah Rj rkhahf,
rka bghJikahsuhf s mUbjhlhdh. vGgJ tajh
cljsJ gLif UjnghJ ts th myJ gLif
jw vD iy K. tujuhrdh cjl btlh. mt,
theh Wtiu jiH j _rhf bfhL jg Mdh.
kzKoj Mnw MLf mtj kid fkyhif mikahiu
Hjh. jik thJtj mtl eg xUt, kidia HJ
jik thtJ fodkhf iyah? vd nflh. mjF, eh
jahf thHiy; jnHhL thnw vd Tdh.
U..f.,
1953M ML brlg f gndHh eh jkJ vGgnjhuh
ta j _RF iljjh. mt Lbrw j_ir ehK
RthJ thnth.
kh dhf
beLdhf
1. U..f., isPfSF TW miu ahJ?
2. U..f. vGJgia sFf.

48

 yfz

MFbga
brhyhFbga, jhahFbga
MFbga gdhW tifgL. mtW, bghUshFbga Kjyhd MW
MFbgafis vlh tF fUf. w MFbgafS ehtif
msit MFbgafis KjgUt fWbfhl f, ulh gUt
brhyhFbgaiu jhahFbgaiu ffUf. xU bghU bga,
jdFa bghUis Ffhk, jbdhL bjhlila ntbwhU bghUSF
bgauh tUtJ MFbga vdgL.

2. jhahFbga : ghiy wF. gh bga, ghiy Ffhk ghuij

FwJ. X l cs xU bghU bga (jh), mJ rhUF
lF (jhdF) bgauh tUtJ jhahFbga.
1. l, bghUSF M tUtJ lthFbga.
2. bghU, lF M tUtJ jhahFbga.

kh dhf
m) wtadhf
nfhol l ca ilia njbjGJf.
1. jiu wF. bjhl
m) lthFbga

MFbga MF.

M) jhahFbga

2. bgnah brh nf. bjhl

m) brhyhFbga

) brhyhFbga
MFbga MF.

M) bghUshFbga

) lthFbga

3. fH gjh. bjhl mikJs MFbga

m) brhyhFbga

M) jhahFbga

MF.

) lthFbga

4. F ciu brjh. bjhl mikJs MFbga

m) brhyhFbga

M) jhahFbga

M) FWdhf
1. MFbga vjid tifgL?
2. brhyhFbga vwh vd? rhW jUf.
3. jhahFbga vwh vd?

49

) lthFbga

MF.

1. brhyhFbga : tStbrh thifF J. bjhl tStbrh

vgJ, brhiy FfhJ bghUSF bgauh tjjdh, J brhyhF
bga.

bghUnfh
bghUnfh vtifgL. mtW, Kj _W bghUnfhis
Kj gUtnyna fUf. j gUt L bghUnfhis
jhir bghUnfhis mJbfhsyh.
xU brYs fisnah mofisnah bghU czF Vwtif
mikJbfhS Kiw bghUnfh vgjid id Tnth.
1. L bghUnfh
UKidfis izJ fLjnghy br Kj
mikJs brhY, W mikJs brhY bghUgl bghUJtJ
L bghUnfh. jid L bghUnfh vd TWt.
(v.fh.)

beUe csxUt iy vD
bgUik cil yF.
- Fw, 336

Fw, cyF vD Wbrh Kjbrhyhd beUe vgnjhL
nrJ bghU bfhtjdh J L bghUnfh.

2. jhir bghUnfh
Cr eLw fW KD D brW tUtJnghy br
eL mikUF brh, br KjY WY mikUF
brhfSl bghU bghUis jUtJ jhir bghUnfh.
jh + ir = jhir - Cr fW mirjnghy.(jh = CrfW)
(v.fh.)

wjh wjh mida dij

Jwjh Jwjh Jiz.
- Fw, 310

ghl dij vD eLw brhiy, dij cilat

(wjh) wjh mida vd, dij Jwjh (Jwjh) Pha
Jiz vd mikJ bghU bfhSj ntL.

kh dhf
m) wtadh

nfhol lij uf.

1. br Kj mikJs brhY, W mikJs brhY

bghUgl bghUJtJ
bghUnfhshF.
2. br il mikUF brh, br KjY
WY mikUF brhYl bghU bghUis jUtJ

bghUnfhshF.

50

M) FWdhf

1. L bghUnfh vthW tU? rhW jUf.

2.
3.

jhir bghUnfh vwh vd? rhW jJ sFf.

czhik cs Jiy CQz
mzhj brah jsW.
- Fwgh gWtU bghUnfhis sFf.

tFgiwwf
vGJj w
m) ctik, cUtf khw
c t i k v g J , x U b g h U i s m y J f i t k b w h U b g h U n s h L
myJ fnthL xikgLJtJ. ctik, ctF bghUisl
cajJ. ctikbjhl ctik KD, bghU Dkhf tU.
fP, jh fUa bghUis xik bghUis (ctikia)
btntW vd Twhk, uL xbwd TWtJ cUtf.
cUtfbjhl bghU KD, ctik Dkhf tU.
(v.fh.) Kfk: Kf - bghU;
xbwd TwbgwJ.

k ctik.

ctik cUtf khw

ctik

cUtf

jhkiuKf

Kfjhkiu

njbkh

bkhnj

gtsth

thgts

KJg

gKJ

g
1. ctikfis cUtffshf khWf.

fj, kyuo, fhju, fa, kKf.

2. cUtffis ctikfshf khWf.

jHKJ, fky, Kfjhkiu

51

F uL

( v . f h . ) k n g h w K f : k c t i k ; K f - ( c t n k a ) b g h U

M) mobrhUJ brhfis cUthFj

th

- mobrh

go

- mobrh

tjh

- idKW

gojh - idKW

tj

- bgabur

goj

- bgabur

tJ

- idbar

goJ

- idbar

tUj

- bjhbga

goj

- bjhbga

g
el, ghL, br, gh, XL, br.
mobrh

idKW

el

eljh

idbar

bgabur

bjhbga

elj

elj

elJ

gilghw w
ghliy fhgLj : UFw ghlYF fh
1.

fhd Kabyj m ahid

iHjnt Vj J.

2.

RHWV dJ cyf mjdh

cHJ cHnt jiy.

bkhw g
iH vGJj
xUt ngRnghJ vGJnghJ iH ngr vGj ntL.
ng myJ vG iHU bghU kaf VgL. vdnt, brhfY
bjhlfY iHtuhk fhj ntL.
iz, gh, v, l, fhy, ku Mad iHahf thuhk bjhliu
vGJj ntL.
vGth caizahf Ujh gaiy caizahf Uj ntL.
(v.fh.) bghd bjhlnuhl fyJbfhlh.
vGth m~izahf Ujh gaiy m~izahf Uj ntL.
(v.fh.) gR nkjJ.

52

vGth, IghfS vj gh csnjh mjnfg gaiyia bgw

ntL.
(v.fh.)

mHf ghodh.
t Modh.
ytf ghlfis adhf.
ahid aJ.
khf Xod.

vGth - f F bgwh gaiy f F bgWj ntL.

vGth - m F bgwh gaiy - m F bgWj ntL.
(v.fh.)

khztf wghf nj vGdhf.

_t njthuij ghod.

vGth xUikahf Ujh gaiy xUikahf Uj ntL.

vGth gikahf Ujh gaiy gikahf Uj ntL.
(v.fh.)

v jf JtW.
v jff itay.

bjhl fhytG Vglhk fhj ntL.

(v.fh.)
jiyt ehis kJiu ngRth.
neW kiH bghjJ.
iHahd brhfis UJj (t>c brhfis UJj)
ngRtHF brhfis mgona vG bfhLtUtJ jtW. mthW
vGJtjid t>c brhf vd TWt. mtWFa vGJtHF brhfis
vGJtnj Kiw.
g : t>c brhfis UJf.
iH

Uj

iH

mlkiH

RLj

mthkiz

viz

mtufh

xliw

jtfis

fW

grj

jhthu

eir

53

Uj

wbkh brhfis ca jbrhfis vGJf.

jbkh vGJnghJ jbrhfisna gagLJj ntL.
eilKiw cs wbkhbrhfis mtWF izahd jbrhfis
mjh wbkh fy vGjyh.
jbrh mnth.

wbkh
brhf

wbkh
brhf

jbrhf

mfd

Fghnf

mj

rh

myfhu

ru

Mug

rgj

Phd

rhj

bgs

jbrhf

ca jbHiz njbjGJf.

1. guL vgj jbH

m) 12 M) 42

2. VG vgj jbH

m) 8

) 22

M) 5

) 7

3. gbdhW vgj jbH

m) 11 M) 10

) 14

4. UgbjL vgj jbH

m) 18 M) 28

) 17

5. UgJ vgj jbH

m) 10

M) 20 ) 40

fLiu g : ngl nkyhik (Mnguiy)

foj g : fsnghd bghUis fLoJ junfh, fhtJiw
MthsUF KiwpL foj vGJf.

54

g
rKjha gf gnfw
: mgh! eh gUJ tUt muR f FUbfhil
eif
Kfh elJbfhoUgjid ghnj. vjfhf FUbfhil

juntL? mFUia vd brthf, mgh! mjidg
thf TWfns.
Fku

: FUbfhil gyuJ ciu fhF.

eif

: bfhilahf mj FUia vd brthf, mgh?

Fku : FU tf nrJ ghJfhghf itghf. g

FU HnjhUF, mWit irnghJ bghUjkhd
FU it gagL bfht.
: ehD FUia juyhkh, mgh?

Fku :





eif

iy eif. gbdL taJF nkgltU IgJ taJF

gltUkha M, bg UghyhU FU juyh. Mdh,
mtuJ vil ehgijJ nyhF nk Uj ntL.
krfhkhiy, Flfhr, ghid neh twh jhfgltU,
fUw bgfS FU jUj TlhJ. cleyJl Ugt
kLnk FU juyh.

: FUbfhil jjh mtuJ FU FiwJlhjh?

Fku : xUtuJ cl UJ UwiwgJKj KW l

tiu kLnk FUia vLJbfht. mFU UgbjhU

ehSF cl L RuJL. _W k h j F x U K i w

F U b f h i l j u y h . m j d h , F U bfhLgtUF vj
F neuhJ. jjh eif?
eif : ewhf jJ, mgh! ehD gbdL mfitF wF FUia
bfhLJ gy ciu fhng.

1. FUbfhildh VgL eikf ahit?

2. ahbuyh FU juyh?
3. ahbuyh FU jUj TlhJ?
4. vts FUia bfhilahf juyh?
5. FUbfhilia nghW ntW vbdd bfhilf csd?

55

eif

thifw
Niyia vbfhS w
ngU gaz brJbfhoUf. cf njhJ ahnuh
ifitgjhf czf. U ghjh cfSF mKfkhdtnu. mnghJ
cf braghL vgo UF?
m) mt bjhLtJ vdF oF.

mjdh xW ngrhUng.

M) mtiu thF tjgo Lnt.

) mtlUJ y brWLnt.
Jnghw

f cfSF vnghjhtJ VglJlh?

bghJ lfnyh f jahf UFnghnjh ahnuD thW elJ

bfhlh, mtuJ vzij y Ffsh mJbfhL, mtlUJ
y brYj ntL. jahf UF Niyia jgnj eyJ.

kf
vik
kJiuF bjhlto tJ wdh xUt. Fj neuF Kng
bjhlto tJljdh, mtiu tuntf xUtU mF iy. mt
ahUfhf fhuhk, jh jFtjfhf VghL bragoUj LF
brW miw wnfhiy nflh. Mdh mUjtfnsh, j miw
bjhltoJiw mikr xUtUfhf g bragLsJ, cfSF
juKoahJ vW kWjhf.
Iah, mj mikrnu ehjh vW mt Ta wFTl mtf,
mjid eg kWJ, mtiu cns liy. mt vikahd njhwnk
mjF fhuzkhf UjJ. mjF mikr kJiuF tJlh vD
jftiy mJbfhltf, mtiu ghgjfhf mj lF tjhf;
mtiu miwF cnsl irahjtfis foJbfhlhf.
mt ah bjkh? mtjh yhgf rh.
mt, fbga gj UJ vikahf thJfhodh.
1.

vikahf UgJ cfSF oFkh?

2.
gflhf cil, mfyf w mJ brtjidg f vd
idf?
3.

vikahf Ugjidg cdJ fUJ vd?

56

bkhahf brf.
Your parents love you very much. They give you all that they have. It is
to make you healthy, strong and happy. But some of you have no idea how
tired they are sometimes. You think that everything is alright with them, for they
do not complain. It is your daily duty to make life easy and pleasant for them.
This will give you great joy and satisfaction.
izahd j gHbkhia mf.
1. One doth the act, another hath the blow.

g Xl, ght Xl.

2. Every fox must at last pay his skin to the flayer.

gy eh Ul, xU eh mfgLth.
gz gJ br.

4. The day has eyes, the night has ears.

gf gf ghJ ngR; u mJ ngrhnj.

5. What comes from the cradle goes to the grave.

bjho gHf RLfhL ko.

57

3. Money makes many things.

tsu braghLf
nfl w

braghL 1

fhQ ciugia gof nfL, dhfSF ilaf.

VnjJ, khztUF ghl fF branyna _Onuh? Uehshf
vDl ciuahl tuiy, thlKl fhzgLfns, vd fhuz?
vd nflh, mj jiyikaha. Iah, j fF khztUF Kiwahd
jghl f iyna vWjh tUJnw. vdnt, khzt gogjnfw
tif ghliy ehnd vGl iHnw. mjdhjh, Magia
Ltjh ghl vGJtjh vd Uehshf J bfhoUnj vwh,
jHha.

f ghl vGj nghfsh, vJiz kahd br!

Ma gia LlhkY ghl vGJ gia nkbfhs
camYtyl xjbgW jUnw. f kd tUjh ntlh. ghl
vGJtjfhd gfis cldoahf nkbfhSf vd ml flislh,
jiyikaha.
caiyg khztfSfhf ghl vGa mj jHha,
gogoahf caJ f khztfSfhd fis vGdh. mtjh,
ghl Ma igj Mrh vd nghwgL fh. ekthadh. 1876M
ML tl MfhL khtl (nt khtl), fhntghf wj mt,
1937M ML kiwjh.
dhf
1. ciug lbgWs bgabrhfis TWf.
2. ciug lbgWs idKWfis TWf.
3. igj - yfzF ahJ?
4. ciug lbgWs wbkhbrh vJ?
5. vJiz kahd br! - brhbwhl vJiz vgj bghU
ahJ?

ngRj w

braghL - 2

fhQ Ffis gagL, eh mbkf gfiyfHf j

nguhauhdh vD jiy ciuahWf.
jbkh ik - w - wbkhahsf mJbfhS th
jyaf - cyfbkhf bkhbga.
cy gntW ehLf thG jHf - xUizf cyfsha
Clf mik.
58

 fl flJ thG jHf isf - jbkhia ngr gof cj.

jhaf jHf j a ya brtf - mayf jHfSF
UJ.
gHjH caj gghL gHftHff gw tfhLj.

goj w

maehLth jHf

braghL - 3

ehj sgufis JbfhSj (kh)

fhQ sguij goJ dhfSF ilaf.

brj gwhTl
j ngRtjF jafkh?
j vGj Koaiyna vd kdtUjkh?
ftiyia Lf! vfl thUf!

fhiy 10.00kKj khiy 5.00ktiu

wjikf

jiywj bkhtYef

fj jjik

Fiwj flz
clnd nrUf!

cfSF Vila neu gbgWf!

bjhlbfhs ntoa Kft (kh)

v. 45, tsyh ef,

tl,

fl khtl.

dhf
1. sgu vjidgaJ?
2. vj bkhia fWbfhs g mfgLwJ?
3. vnghJ g mfgLwJ?
4. g wjikf ahit?
5. g ahUF ga jU?

59

brj a va g

vGJj
mfu tirgLJj

braghL 4

fhQ ciug tz vGYs brhfis mfu tirgL

vGJf.
xGf ca jU vD bghbkhF yfzkh xGfjh caj
cjkf tuyh vjidnah ng cshf. xGf xwhd thikah
mz fhaof catiljh. xGfKilah thbrh, tGFw
y CWnfh nghW cj.

brhtjid vGJj

braghL - 5

fhQ ciugia brhy nfL vGJf.

khiy ny vGj KGk vF btyh jJ. bghifyikj

FKj Kif beJ, nj JJ kyjJ. kiyabjGj sfhW
bkbyd jtJ eWkz fkjJ. jifa mHF thj khiybghG,
bjkiy rhu kJ isahoa KUfbdD Fku, ny Cj
btk mHidfL msyh gKwh.

WjF gaghL

braghL - 6

fhQ ciug Vila WjFfis gagLJf.

rhnwhf thit fw J nfl mjD J mt thit
kdkhu
nghw vJ thah fH mjD vJ Mdh mt thit
mobah itJ ththF thtnjh mJ f mJ mjhD mJiw
thJiw bt fhz mnwh w mwid vJjFa brbe
ahJ mjid sFtnj Fwdh ahJ Cnu ahtU nf vD ghL

ku tGfis U vGJj

braghL - 7

ciug cs ku tGfis U vGJf.

L njh cs thiH ku Xiyf m fWf uL
J isahobfhoUjd. mntis thiHku Gs iy
gjfhf MLf Tl Tlkhf Xo tjd. MLf tU Xiria nfl
mf m mU cs bjid eh J jhd.
t. v

ku tG

Uj

1
2
3
4
5

60

dh cUthFj

braghL - 8

fhQ ciugia goJ XU t ilaF tif dhfis

cUthFf.
ghL vd Tal ghLgt, MRf. bra Xirey wf
ghLgt, kJuf. brhy mikJ Rit ts brf ghLgt, uf.
bjhliy brS, a fhafS aWgt, jhuf. j
ehtif ffis ghlty ghtyid ghtynuW vd jHnjh nghWt.
j kd ghuhLt.
dhf

1. MRf vgt ah?

2.

3.

5.

6.

kubjhlf bghU mj

braghL - 9

fhQ ciuahl cs kubjhlf czJ bghUis vGJf.

itfiw . . . njFa ghlfisbayh fiuJ FoUgh vd
ghu:
idnw.
itfiw: vid MH ghwhah? kL vd, midJ dhfSF

ilfis u E myth itUwh?
ghu:

ewhf gojhjhnd tUfhy brhj fh f Ko.

gilghw

braghL - 10

fhQ bjhl cs brhfSl M, V, X Matiw nrJ bjhl

cs brhfis Kiwkh a bjhlfis cUthFf.
mt jh kj
1. mt kj jhdh?

4.

2.
kj mtjh. 5.
3.

6.
61

4.

fwyil WkL
fhy : 15kJ

kbg : 10

m) nfhol lij uf.

51=5

1. _ntjfis ga _W bjhshu ghlfisbfhl

.

2. R vD brh bghU

3. fW vgJ

4. gunfh rabfhlh vd Tat

.
ahidia FF.
.

5. ffJ gu FnyhJf nrhHl njhw ff kd

.
M) fhQ ghlYs kabfh iHfis U vGJf.
fhojid flJ vd fWKS
bt k flf mgh

Xo iHJ cl aj atnwh
cF zY g mkh!

62

51=5

a _W

br

ckfah ghlf

bghU : ehnd bgat, kwt at. v ey fUJtnj wjJ.

vdF f ahUnk iy vd TWwtfns! cyf bghUfis
bayh fhw fk, jid fhgiy vgjid
mjhtJ bjtilf.
brhbghU : gftJ - brhtJ; bjnu - bjf.
yfzF: neh - idbar.
m br mayhU

mo beUF cwduh;
m cwdU
mfW F maytuh;
Jg nehia Lnk
Jth lK mKjhF;
Jg nehia MLnk
a mKj lkhnk!

bghU : m brYdh mayhU

beUa cwduht;
m dh cwdU y mayhuht. Jgij Fbk
eR mKjkhF. Jgij jUbk mKjK erhF.
brhbghU : Jth - Efuhj; mfW - y.
yfzF : Jth l - <Wbfl vkiwbgabur.

63

ahU a; ahbga;
vY wjJ vdykh;
gh vd oiyvd
ga bkhf gftJV?
nrU cyf bghUisbayh
bja neh jidnehfh
mikj fk
braiy neh bjnu!

 M NG cyfhS
mur dhf ntLbk
thG th cid
kwJ thH ntLklh!
ViH ah vat
va dhf ntLklh!
n j h H d h a h t F
b j h l d h f n t L k l h ! 3
bghU : , fl Nj yif MS murdhf Udh,
jdyij kwl ntL. ViHahf vatUF vikahd
tdhf,
ntL.

vyhUF

njhHdhf

bjhldhf

thl

brhbghU : M - fl.
Ma F : k njf ehafdh fahFk
khtlYs nj% wjt. t bgnwh
tjhQ - MyR mikah.
t ckfah ghlfis j
bkhahf brJsh. mghlf bjhF
ckfah ghlf vgJ.
ckfah gndhuh who thj
ghuf fP. tuJ KG bga ahJ
mgh ckfah vgJ.
t fj, thda Mat
yikft. t fijf kf mil g Jgfis, iwtdJ
gilig ghLbghUshf bfhlit.
t aa w f :kyU khiy, kUkft kha,
FHij brt, Ma n#h Kjad.
tuJ fhy 1876Kj
1954M MLtiu.
F :
ik kWik g %gha vD bga
ckfah vGa brf bkhbga. jidna fk
bkhbgaJsh. , W gidJ ghl csd.
thif jJtij ghlf sFwd. (%gha - ehfo
br)

64

kh dhf
m) wtadhf
n f h o l l i j u f .
1 . m b r m a y h U m o b e U F
mKjhF.

2 . J g n e h i a L n k

Mf ntLklh.

3. ViHah vat

M) Wdhf
1 . k f v j i d a J b j t i l k h W f k T W w h ?
2 . m w a h J ?
3 . m K j l k h F - v n g h J ?
4 . c y i f M s U g t t h G t a h J ?
5 . c k f a h g m t d a h i t ?

6 . f k g W F v G J f .

65

knkfiy
-jiyrhjdh
Mu ehL milj fhij

Kfij RUf
nfhtyDF khjF wj kf knkfiy. Kw
idga fhuzkhf murFkhudha cjaFku, knkfiyia
kza Uwh; kytdJF brw mtis bjhlwh.
knkfiy mFs gfiw brW kiwJbfhwh. mUj
mtis knkfyh bjt, kgyt F thtna
brwJ. mF jdJ gHwig czwh knkfiy. nkY
knkfyh bjt, mtSF gaUf U cUt vLf
tht bry njitahd _W kufis bjJ kiwwJ.
tyif cjah, mKjRuia bgW fh efiu milwh
knkfiy. mF, mwtztof miugo Miul KjKj
irnawh. mj_y mKjRu msms Fiwahj md
bgUaJ. mjidbfhL g F mwgia nkbfhwh.
mKjRu, Kw Mul UjJ vgjid mj knkfiy
mtid fhQ bghUL Mu ehLF brtJ, F ghlgFahf
lbgWsJ.
mwtz mof tUif
nj MaK uh g
khj kfS khjt fhlY
vGbj brwhF iztis ifah
bjhGjif khjt Jizao tzf
m lhfbt whft TwY 5
bghU : mwtz mofis fl ms murkhnj njha TlK
uhg knkfiy vGJ, mt vnu brwd. tzF
jFila mwtz Ughjij j UifahY bjhL tzd;
mof mlhFf vd mtfis thdh.
brhbghU: Ma - njha Tl.
yfzF : nj MaK - vQik.
jj : vGbj - vGJ + v; mlhf - m + clhf.
66

Uto sf
iztis eyh uhrkh nj
mUjt fikj Mrd fho
Ujo s w brj
ahLgy fE izao tUjv
fhlF eid EikpF miHjJ 10
bghU : tisaf mj iffisila murkhnj, jtKtuhd
mwtz mofis ca Uif cfhu brjh; mtuJ Utofis
fG w brjh. vdJ eid gajh, eh fhQjfhf
jf izao tUJkhW Jiz bjhiy jfis elJtu
brjJ vwh.
brhbghU : Mrd - Uif.
yfzF : mUjt, eid - gbjhiff.

ehbjhiy iy ahD jsJ

_j ahif thfg yhbld
nj nfsh brjt ahif
nknd dhD f nghnw
wjh _jh neh nwh
16
wjh vif ang Jnf
bghU : jfsJ brh nrhiy; vD, _dh jsW
bkj jfsJ cl gbdLeh thtjhFf vd thdh,
murkhnj. mwtz mof, murkhnjna! jid nfghahf. jt
br cliy bfhLns; MD, ehnjhW njhkiw
futid nghwtjh ehD. cy wnjh midtU _dhY
dhY xUeh wJnght vgJ aifna vwh.
brhbghU : ehbjhiyiy - brh nrhik; ahif - cl;
neh - fh neh.
yfzF : thf - anfh idKW; brjt, f idbjhiff.
gFgj cWyfz : wjh - w + () + + M; w - gF,
- r, - MdJ fhu, - wjfhy iliy, M - gygh
idKW F.

67

tuntiu

jj : ehbjhiyiy - eh + bjhiy + iy; nehnwh + neh + cnwh.

jhd mnjh
ngijik brif cznt mUU
th Cnw Efnt ntif
gnw gtnk njhw idga
bwd tFj a uhW
wnjh u bgUngW mFt
mah uh MeuF mFt.
22

bghU : mahik, Uid, ma jid, mUtcUt,

Ibghf, yf a, gJg Ef, Ug, yf
gW, gajU Kiwia rhj, wj, idga Ma g
afis kfsh wnjh mtuh bgUngW bgwtuht.
mjid mahjt Jg iwj eufijna milt.
brhbghU : ngijik - mahik; brif - Uid; cz ma jid; mU - cUtkwJ; cU - tot; th - Ibghf;
CW - yf a; Ef - gJg Ef; ntif - Ug;
gt - ga neha bra; njhw - w.
yfzF : bgUngW - gbjhif; MeuF - idbjhif.
gFgj cWyfz : mFt - m + F + + m. m - gF,
F - rhia, - vfhy iliy, m - gygh idKW F.
jj : auhW - a + < (uL) + MW.
ngijik
ngijik bagJ ahbjd d
Xa tiw czuhJ ka
agL bghUsh flJ kwJ
Kanfh Lbld nflJ bjj.

26

bghU : ngijik vdgLtJ mahik. m~jhtJ, KTa afis

mahk m kaFj; aifah njhW bghUfY jh
fljid kwJ, KaYF bfhL vd w TW bghia
bkbad ej nghwJ.
brhbghU : bgUngW - LngW; nfhL - bfh.
yfzF : bjj - bjhbga.
68

w id
cyf _D cuh cyf
myy gY mWtif jhF
kfS njtU ukU eufU
bjhf yF ng vnw
eid id vU tifah
brhy gl fUD njh
idga is fhiy cfF
kdng gK ftiy fhL.

34

bghU : _yY vzw cf thwd. mf kf,

njt, uk, euf, yFbjhF, ng vD mWtifjhF. mit
jh brj eid, idah mWtifgl cfS xwhf
wwd. mid gaf clhFnghJ nggfis
Jgfis mit milwd.
yfzF : gY, eid, id, ngg - gbjhiff.
gJ Fwf
id bagJ ahbjd d
Mbjho eyh MfJ nfsh
bfhiyna fsnt fhk iH
ciyah cl njhWt _W
bghna Fwis fLbrh ga
brhbyd brh njhWt ehF 40
bghU : MuhbjLj mHa tisafis mj eifna, nfghahf.
id vgJ vdbt bfhiy, fs, fhkbkD bfhoa Ug
Ma cl njhW _W; bghngRj, wTWj, fLbrh,
gadwbrh vd brh njhW ehFkh.
brhbghU : fs - UL; fhk - fhkbkD bfhoa Ug; ciyah
cl - jsuhj cl; Fwis - wngRj.
yfz F : Mbjho eyh - ulh ntWik cU gaD
cl bjhfbjhif; fhk - cUtf; fLbrh - gbjhif.
gFgj cWyfz : njhWt - njhW + + m.
njhW - gF, - vfhy iliy, m - gygh idKW
F.

69

brhbghU: myy - mstw; bjhf yF - yFbjhF.

bt~f btFs bghyh fhbaW

cs j cUgd _Wbkd
gJ tifah gabj yt
w gluh glFt M
yF ng eufU M
fya cs ftiy njhWt.

46

bghU : bgUUg, fLdbfhSj, khanjhw vd cs

njhW _W Ma gJ FwfSkh. idgaid mj
mP,
jF be bryh. be brnth yfhf
ngahf eufuhf wJ ftiyF cgLt.
brhbghU : bt~f - bgUUg; btFs -fLd bfhSj; bghyh
fh - kha njhw.

yfzF : bghyh fh - <Wbfl vkiw bgabur; ga

bjyt - idbjhif.
gFgj cWyfz : glFt = gl + F + + m. gl - gF,
F - rhia, - vfhy iliy, m - gygh idKW F.
eidga

eid bagJ ahbjd d

brha g bjhF
y jh jhd jiyW
nkbyd tFj xU_W wJ
njtU kfS ukU kh
nka k idga cFt. 52
bghU : eid ga vJbt, gJtif FwfUJ
xGfij nkbfhtJ wUF bfhilagJ MF.
mjifnah caila cf vd tFfgl njt, kf, uk
Ma _tifduhf wJ, jh brj eid gaid Eft.
brhbghU : y - xGf; jhd - bfhil.
gFgj cWyfz : cFt - c + F + + m; c - gF;
F - rhia; - vfhy iliy; m - gygh idKW F.

70

eyw nghWf
miur njbah lhiH e
iu eyw ngh nf
kWw zj knk fiy
wtw nfl dh tJdF
w gy t gF
Knj eifah KDw TWt
vwt vGjY sbfho vGJ 59
bghU : murkhnjl UF eifanu! eh TW, Fw a
eywij ngh nfSf! vd Ta mwtzmof, knkfiyia
neh, KJidila knkfiyna! cdJ Kwid
czUwh. nkY, wrkaf TW mwfis nflJ
bfh. mj d, xU eh L tJ cdF gntW mwfis
mt gFfis TWnt vwh.
a;

nf

nfSf;

knkfiy m
ew khjt eyo tz
nj MaK uh g
khjt ebkh kwth J
ef kUah Diwnt M
kdt kft tUTW vFt
M udh liljj dh
kh kg ytbjhG nj
t F khg jdF
vrh eyw ahfQ brFt
vdl cblW uf ntlh
kd p
...
.... 70
bghU: knkfiy vGJ, njafS MakfU uhgkha
f mwtz ey bkhfis ngh efailf. ef
eh jdh, kdt kfDF tj TWt vW vid gyU
TWt. Mifah, eh Mu ehil milJ, d mUJ
Fwkw kgyt F brW ghjoifia tzFnt.
tkhefUF brW g bjtkha fzF Fiwtw
71

brhbghU :
iu - Fw
Knj eif - KJ .

eywij brJbfhoUng. v kdJF atfns,

vdF d clhFbkW ahU tUjntlh vW Tdh.
brhbghU : c - nghWf, efailf; ciwj
- jFj;
TW - vk; kh - Fwkw; bjhGJ - tz;
F - FJ; l - d.
jj: ebkh = eik + bkh; vdl = vdF +
l; bjhGnj = bjhGJ + V; cblW = cL + vW;
eyw - eik + mw.
yfzF: miur - ilngh; eyw - gbjhif.

Ma F : Tythf jiy rhjdh aaJ knkfiy.

rhj vgJ tuJ abga. t, Uuhgia rhj
jiy vD C wJ kJiu thjt; Tythf (Ty
- jha) brjt. fhuzfdh, t kJiu Tythf
jiy rhjdh vW tHfbgwh. t filrf ytfS
xUt. snfhtofS tU rkfhyjtuht. jl Mrh,
rhj e}yt vW snfhtof rhjdhiu ghuhosh.
tuJ fhy ..ulh whL vg.
F : knkfiy, IbgUfhafS xW. ygfhuK
knkfiy btntW fshD xnu fij bjhlilad.
vdnt, it uilfhaf vd tHfbgWwd.
knkfiy Jw thifia TWtjdh, YF
knkfiy Jw vD ntW bgaU cL. brhRit
bghURit, aif tUzidfS iwjJ; bgsjkj
rhilaJ;
KgJ fhijfis bfhlJ. KgJ fhijfS,
UgJ ehfhtJ fhijahd Mu ehL milj fhij ghl
gFahf lbgWsJ.
kh dhf
m) wtadhf
1. nfhol l ca vGij njbjGJf.
1. khj

kf

khjt fhl

2.
idga fh

(iy/is/iH)

3.
bfh na fsnt fhk
4.
fya c s ftiy

(Y/S/G)

nt (iy/is/iH)
njhWt. (//)

2. nfhol lij uf.

1. mUjt fikj Mrd ...... to mUjt vd FlgLgt

.

72

 2.
brh VgL Fwf

3.
kd njhW Fwf

4.
kWw czjtshf FlgLgt

3. bghUJf.

Ma - bgUUg
btFs - Fw a
iu - wTw
Fwis - dj
bt~f - njha Tl
M) FWdhf
1. mwtz mofis flJ mitd vd brjd?
2. cyfth iyyhjJ vgjid mwtz mof vj sdh?
4. cf wfhd fhuzkhf knkfiy TWtJ ahJ?
5. brh njhW Fwf ahit?
6. eid gaid milgt ah?
7. bgUngW ahUF L?
) Wdhf
1. knkfiy - F vGJf.
2. jiyrhjdh - F vGJf.
3. gJtif Fwf ahit?
4. wF idgaDF cs bjhl ahJ?
<) beLdhf
1. id vgJ ahJ?
2. eid, id gadhf knkfiy TWtd ahit?

73

3. ngijik vdgLtJ ahJ?

 ciueil

cznt kUJ
kj mogil njitfS KjikahdJ cz. kf cQ
cz cz gHftHffSnk mtf cl eyij khwd.
jH kUJt cz vgJ midJ nehfis fToa r
kUjhf fUjgLwJ. aif czKiwid aifnahL iaj
gHftHffis filogj_y cleyij cseyij
ghJfhfKo vd kUJt gJiuwd.
W rika Kiwf ehLF ehL, khyJF khy, khtlJF
khtl ntWgLwd. cztff bgUsd. rJfhf m Ritfhf
cQ eilKiw FUwJ. milbgofY jh igfY
gjgL milj Maj cztiff, iu czf, tHfJF
tJsd. ehff ts, gghL gut, dfy, Jikbad
RitTL Mt nehia bgUbfhoUnwh. cznt kUJ
vD iykh, kUnj cz vD iyF jsgoUnwh.
cz aikahik
co Kjnw cyF vgJ ehkjJ. cz, clYF tikia
jUtJ; tsagJ; thifF mogilahf UgJl bfhiff,
gHftHff, ehff, r_f mik, thif ju KjatY
khWghLfis clhftyJ. m~J cliy ciu tsF mKjkhF.
g tl gJ gwJngh vgJ cyfj cik. vdntjh, g
bfhLikia g vD gh vwJ knkfiy fha. F
kUJ cznt. Mjyhjh, co bfhLnjh c bfhLnjhnu vd
weh}W knkfiy TWwd.

74

cznt kUJ
c, clnyhLToa iy vnghJ wNHnyhL nghuho tUwJ.
m btailtnj cleykhF; njh miljh neh Ko.
mnehia J gkgnj kUJ.
UFw kUJ vD mfhu cznt kUjhF jikia
UtSt bjthf vLJiuJsh. cl cz, brjdnu
L czntLbkd j kUJt TWwJ. K clJ brjJ
fL cghF kUJQ njit VglhJ.
kUbjd ntlhth ahifF mUaJ
mwJ ngh c.
- Fw, 942

jHfJ cz, bjhWbjhL kUJtKiw rikfgLwJ.

btg ehlhd ekJ ehL rikaYF Gfyna VwJ. mwhl
rika TLtdtW kr, beYs ria F. bfhJk,
jij nghF. uf, tW NiljF. sF, bjhil
fil bjhiyF. L, taf tWbghUkiy gia
FF. btfha F clh FUia ikgLJ.
bgUfha, tia btnaW. , jij xL fhriy
foF. njfh, nfhitia F. fntiy, kz_o cz
Uig clhF. ebybz f F mbj clhF.
uf L fyj sF , Nil jJ brkhd Mwiy FF.
clYF tYl f mfy iu eyJ. clYF F Vgl
j nghf vYir CWfhia nkhnrhWl czyh.
jf ntoad
nehF Kj fhuz, c. jid Fiwthf nrj eW. c
iwj bghUfshd CWfh, mgs, tlh, fUthL, KgU, tWj
cUis t, thiHfh t, jnkh Kjadtiw KGtJkhf
jj ntL.
bfhG iwj iwf, Kil kr fU, j, be, btbz,
ghyhil, gT, fo Matiw Fj ntL. fhuK
f czf Tlh. vbz tWj, bghj
czfis xJFj
eW. behWF tWF nfL vgJ gHbkh. behWF
Tlnt TlhJ. ililna vjidahtJ gJ bfhgJ clYF
eyJ iy.
75

vgJ tSt thF. vdnt, cleyJF bghUa cz vJ? bghUjh

cz vJ? vd MuhJ, bjJ cz Kiwia tFJbfhlh,
clYF CWbr nehf eik mQfh.

cQ Kiw
v brf Toa gH, fh, gU, m, nfhJik, gh
tiwna Fl VWbfhwJ. ehRit fU czhk, cleyfU
cQjny eyJ. czit iuthf GFj TlhJ; ewhf bkW
GFj ntL. mnghJjh thYs c ntoa ms RuJ
czl fyF. c fyfhj cz cns brwhY, mJ brfhJ;
FlY j brkhd Mwiy HJL. cz rJf zhfhk
ghJbfhSj ntL. fhffis Kfh ntfho ntfitJ
cQj ntL. ntfitj fhf Fahd rJf Ugjdh,
mjid cz nrJ bfhsyh.
behWf wh W taJ

jU kUnj
wikahJ cyF vgJ tSt. aif czbghUf
yhj czbghUfns iy. vyhtifahd cz bghUfS
istjF fhuzkhf miktJ . cl cz FUl fygjF
FU ik bgWtjF clYs fbghUf btnaWtjF
aikahjJ. vdnt, iu njitahd (ehbshWF FiwjJ
_W l ) msF Foj clYF eyJ. cz cQnghJ
il Foj TlhJ.
rk cz
xUt cbfhS cz uj, bfhG,
khrJ, fkf, El rJf nrjnj
rkcz.vdnt,mstJ
c z
ntoaJxbthUt flik. nrhW
fhf miutW; gh, nkh, fhtW;
fhtW btlkhf Uj
ntL.
tW ilf cQj nehF lkF.
vdntjh, xsitah Ung vwh.
msF dh mKjK eR vgJ gHbkh.
taJ VWnghJ bfhGrJs cz msit J jhf
FiwJbfhnl tUj ntL. czit fLgLJtnjhL va
clgfis brj ntL. eilgna va clg.
ehnjhW juhk eljh neh eikL elF; Xodh neh
eikL XL; vnghJ gLJ ljh neh eJ gLJbfhS.
fhiy khiy cyh j
fhW th tUnth
fhiybjhL FL
fhy Xo nghthnd.

76

- fk

cleyid Unth Kiwahd cz gHfij nkbfhlh,

beLeh eykhf thHyh. cgjfhf thHhk, thtjfhf clh
kUbjgnj clYF njit iy. U_yU cliy fhj njitia
tWsh. ehL eybgw eYl bgw kf njit. eYl bgw
eYzKiwia nkbfhSj ntL.

clgh m cuh mt
lgl bkPhd nru khlh
clig tsF cgha mnj
clig tsnj c tsnjnd.

- U_y

mWRit gaf

Jt - Mw

if

- ts

fh

- cz

ct - bj

- bkik

- ik

m) wtadh
nfhol lij uf.
1. mogil njitfS KjikahdJ
2.
gF cznt

.
.

3.
nehF Kjfhuz

4. Ung vd Tat

M) FWdhf
1. kUnj cz vD iy V VgLsJ?
2. cz, cliy tsF Mjhu . V?
3.
cleykhtJ ahJ?
4. clg eikf ahit ?
) Wdhf
1. UFw, cz kUjhF jikia vj sFwJ?
2. jfntoa czbghUf ahit?
3. jU kUnj - sFf.
<) beLdhf
1. kUjhF czbghUf g vGJf.
2. cz cQ Kiwia sFf.

77

kh dhf

Jizghl

neh F _iff
(jhkiu bghbfho filbjUF brwd.
U t...)
: mkh , mnjh ghUf. _ifffh elJbfhoUwJ.
jhkiu
ehK ngh ghfyhkh?
bghbfho : r th, jhkiu!

mnf vd Uwbjd ghJ tuyh.

(UtU cns brwd. mF _iff kfJtij g

kUJt kfSF s bfhoUjh.)
bghbfho : Iah, tzf! ehf efgFUJ tUnwh. Fs
_iffg
vfSF
vJ
bjahJ,
bfhr
sfKokh?
kUJt

: bjthfnt brhnw.

_if vwhny gyU iljfa Vnjh xU bghU vd vQ

wd. Mdh, it ekF f mUnyna v ilgd;
kUJt ga fd. jid midtU ma ntL vD
nehnyna Jnghw ffhfis el tUnwh.
_iff vyhj nehfis F jikilad
vgJl isfis VgLJtiy vgJ t
wghF.
bghbfho : Fs _iff vj nehia f gagLwd vgjid
bjthf TWf, Iah.
kUJt

: eyJ.

j broia ghUf.
78

jhkiu

: J Jsbrojhnd!

kUJt :

rahf brhdh. J Jsjh. L, njhl, ejtdf

v fhzilF Jsbro iyfis L
bfhf itJ Mojh khr, nfhit, jiyt
F. j iyfis vYrgH rhWl miuJnghl
gil F; ijfis bgho brJ xW myJ uL uh
ms clh clNL, bur Mad mlF.

bghbfho : ~J vd bro, Iah?

kUJt : J fhbe. jid Hhbe, thbe vd
FLt.
krfhkhiyF
va
kUjhf
W
gagL tUwJ.
: jid vthW cbfhSj ntL?

kUJt :

fhfSl Toa KG Hhbebroia a fG

miuJ Gjh bfhs ntL. IgJ uh mss
Gij UW l vUikjUl fyJ, fhiy MW
kasbtWt cbfhs ntL. thW _W
eh juhk cbfhlh krfhkhiy neh U. kUJQ
eh nkhU, nkhnrhW cbfhtJ eyJ. Hhbe
iyfis ffLl nrJ miuJ _Wuh ms
fhiy khiy Untis ehYeh bjhlJ cbfhs W
bjhlghd nehf F.

(jhkiu, X iyia bjhl mUj K, mt ifia FaJ.)

jhkiu

: M! K FlJ, j Kbro _ifah, Iah?

kUJt : J broiy. xUtif bfho. Jtis vgJ j bga.

njhlfY, ntnahufY aghf tsU bfhoY
iyfY bfhnghw WKf cL. J Jis,

ft vd ntWbgafY tHfgL. j iyfis ebybz

rikJ
cznthL
nrJ
UgbjhU
eh
cL tjh, Rthrfhr mfY; is Uk nghF.

Phdgiy vd tsyh nghW iy Futsij
nkgLJ; thehis oF.
jhkiu

: Iah, J Fignkjhnd!

kUJt

: Mkh. cdF vgo j bga bj?

jhkiu
: vf gho CUF eh brwnghJ vid fojjdh,
if, fhf jo VglJ. mnghJ gho j bro
iyfis miuJ dhf. mjdhjh, jbga vdF
bjjJ.
kUJt

: (jthW) jidjh gho ita vghf. Fignk,

79

jhkiu

eRfofSF ey kUjhf sF _if broahF.

j iyfis fhaitJ bghoah dh, gLif
FzkhF. FHijf taJnfw ms cz
bfhLjh kyGf btnaW; tW ikahF; gia
L; iyfSl kr, c nrJ miuJ dh
brh, uF F. nk Jyf Fignk vgJ gHbkh.

bghbfho : fwhiH _ifah?

kUJt : twly jhtukhd fwhiH gytifL. mtW
nrhWfwhiHna kUjhf gagLwJ. j njhiy
nrhW gFia FiwjJ gJ KiwnaD fGj ntL.
mnghJjh mj frjik tGtG F. W uh ms
fwhiH nrhW gFia vLJ W ebybz
L fh jiyF njJtu KotsU; mjdh, u ey
cwf tU. kr nrJ fhagl l dh fha
FzkhF. jid gRghYl nrJ rhlh _yNL Fiw.
fwhiHF Fk vD ntWbgaU cL. bgf
fUig rhj nehfis Ftjdh Fk fl nehF Fk
bfhL vD tHF VglJ.
jhkiu

: mkh! njh ghUf, KUifiu, fntiy.

bghbfho : KUif iwj rJsJ vgJ ekF bj. m~J vgo kUjhF,
vj nehia F?
fntiy _ifah, aghf
csnj!
kUJt : Jjh kf mahik vgJ. vjhf ilgjdhY,
o tstjdhY KUifia _if vd ahU
vQtiy. m~J czbghU kLkW; ey
kUJ bghUSTl.
KUifgilia miuJ jldh Kj vY
iu TL; fij FiwF. KUifiu
fghitia xGFgLJ; cliy tYthF, UrJ
iwJsjdh Tjiy tsu brt jF bgU
gFL.

fntiy _ifna. kzfhf kL
cz
nrfgL iyahf jid fUJj TlhJ. xU kro
KW ms gRghiy C ntL fLj ntL.
mjJ fntiy fh a bfhGJ iyfis
nghL W mj ntL. mjid lfo
Vgl l itJ fodh _W eh FzkhF.
fhiy, khiy vd Untis IJ uh fntiyia
fG Jjhf thL bkW Gdh, jng
80

 Ueh FzkhF. cz nrU WeRjikia

KFjik fntiyF cL. (ntL fLj- ro
thia bka Jah _o fLj.)

( bghbfho if Uj igia ghJ )

mlnl! f fryhf iuia thUfsh?

eyJ.
bghbfho : V Iah, mthW TWf?
kUJt : fryhf kUJtga fbgJ. ujnrhif,
b r k h d n f h s h W , krfhkhiy Kja nehfSF
fryhf ey kUjhf gagLwJ. mJ , fghitia
bjthF; eiuia nghF. fryhfF tHfgL
ntWbgaf : frhiy, ifahjfiu, Ufuhr, njfuhr.

kUJt : kjfh iu th, Fliz FzkhF.

KRKRif bfho ntiu
gRgh CwitJ,
cy bghoah gRgh, sFbgho, rUfiul cL
tjh Uk F. mfiu, g rhj nehfis
FzkhF. tyhiu idthw bgUf cj. ntg
b f h G i j f h i y c L t j h , k h r F
ntiyia miuJjldh mikah tj btneh
mfY.
bghbfho : Iah,
Jtiu gadwJ vd v tj jhtuf
kUJtFzfis ehf mJbfhnlh. mtiw th
gagL eybgWnth. vfSF bjs bjthf
sajF f e, Iah.
jhkiu

: e, Iah!

kUJt

: bkj k, brW thUf.

brW tUnwh.

kh dhf
beLdhf
1. neh F _iff Ijid T, mt kUJtgafis
vGJf.
2. iuf _iffns vgjid sFf.
bra l : c UlJF mUYs j kUJtkidF brW
_iff FJ mit mfW nehf FJ mJ bjhFf.

81

bghbfho : it ju kUJfshf gagL _ifjhtuf g

TWf, Iah.

yfz

ah : br cW (jis)

br cWfS vGJ, mir, Matiw KjgUt fW
bfhl
f j gUt jis vgjidg ffUf.

jis
w <wir tU Kjyir x xwhkY tUtJ jis
vdgL. ( jis - fLj )
x tUjyhtJ

ne K neU, iu K iu tUj

xwhk tUjyhtJ

ne K iu, iu K neU tUj.

(v.fh.) f/zh

k/dh

ne ne

ne ne

ca /tw

ca/ey

iu iu

- ne mirf x tjd.

iu iu

- iu mirf x tjd.

mf/u Kj/y
iu ne

ky/ir

iu ne

- xwhk tjd.

V/dh

iu iu

ne iu

jis vG tifgL.

- xwhk tjd.

mit:

1. nebuhwhajis
2. iubahwhajis

3. a btlis

4. bt btlis

5. fjis

6. xa tjis

7. xwhj tjis

1. nebuhwhajis

khK ne tUtJ nebuhwhajis.

(v.fh.) gh /

gh /

ne ne

ne ne

khK ne

njkh

njkh

82

2. iubahwhajis

sK iu tUtJ iubahwhajis.

(v.fh.) gy / f

f / y

iu iu

iu ne

fUs

kh

sK iu

3. a btlis

khK iu, s K neU tUtJ a btlis.

(v.fh.) mf/u

Kj/y

iune iune

khK iu

kh

kh

y / t i u

/f

iu iu ne iu

sK ne

fUs Ts

4. bt btlis
fhK ne tUtJ bt btlis.

(v.fh.) ah/jh/D

eh/lh/kh

ne ne ne ne ne ne

fhK ne

njkhfh njkhfh
btghF ca jisf a btlis bt btlisnk.
btgh U jisf ju w jisf thuh.
5. fjis

fhK iu tUtJ fjis.

(v.fh.) jh/kiu/

Fs//ny....

iu iu ne

ne iu ne

fhK iu

Tsfh fUsfh
6. xa tjis

fK iu tUtJ xa tjis.

(v.fh.) br/jh/kiu

Fs//ny...

iu iu ne

ne ne iu

njkhf fUsf

83

fK iu

7. xwhj tjis
fK ne tUtJ xwhj tjis.

(v.fh.) th//ts

/fs/d ...

ne ne iu

ne iu ne

fK ne

njkhf Tsfh
kh dhf

m) wtadh

nfhol lij uf.

1. jis --------tifgL.

2. khK ne tUtJ ----------- jis MF.

3. sK iu tUtJ

4. fhK ne tUtJ ---------------jis MF.

5. fK ne tUtJ---------------jis MF.

-------- jis MF.

M) FWdhf

1. jis vjid tifgL? mit ahit?

2. btghFa jisf ahit?

3. a btlis vthW mik? rhW jUf.

4. fjis vthW mik? rhW jUf.

5. xa tjis, xwhj tjis tUtjid rhWl

sFf.

84

m
ntWika

br UbghUfSF ilna cs xikia Ta d,
mtiw ntWgL fhLtJ ntWik mahF.
dh Rl cshW Mwhnj
ehdh Rl tL.
- Fw,129
dh RLtJ, ehdh abrhfisbfhL RLtJ vgJ xWik,
dh RlJ MW; ehdh brhdJ MwhJ vgJ ntWikahF. vdnt,
ghl ntWika lbgWsJ.
kh dhf
m) wtadh
nfhol lij uf.

br UbghUSilnas xWikiaT d, mtiw

mahF.
ntWgLfhLtJ
M) FWdh

ntWika vwh vd? rhW jJ sFf.

tFgiwwf
fyJiuahl w
gntW kUJtKiwf FJ tF fyJiuahLf.
gilghw w
fhQ ghliy iw brf.

ghLF

mHF bghU

gfYF

mHF btr

F mHF

F mHF

LF mHF

fhLF mHF

85

tU ghl khs tfis bghUSnfg tirgLJf.

tir khs ghl

bghUSnfg tirgLa ghl

1. d th vLjh

d j fz

a k bfhlh

broF U Ljh

mHif flh

broia neh brwh

2.

o Uf Tlhjh

mF F XLnwh

dK gJ MLnwh

btg FJ nghdjh

bjg Fs iy

btny yeh

tU brhfis jjna gagL brhbwhliu bgjhFf.

Fiu XL.

( yF, f, iuthf )

Fiu XL.

Fiu iuthf XL.

Fiu f iuthf XL.

Fiu f iuthf XL yF.

g : Fbrhfis jjna gagL brhbwhliu bgjhFf.

eh brnw.

(fhiy, neW, kJiuF, L, bridUJ, khd)

86

jbHfis TLf.

=
=
=
=
=
fLiu g : _if kUJt
foj g : ghuhL kl ( X bgw MaUF ).
ifbaGJ j : cley wj
nehaw thnt
Fiwtw brt!

cz rJ
czbghUf

fij
Fo

JQFf
gho kUJt

cyf ey mik

KjYj
gJfhy cj
/ _atiu
fhghWj

Wfij
tU K fhngh!

fLiu

Xa

ehlf
v z

gHbkhf

_iff
o tsf ntoa
_iff

cl ey

fSFa jkw ff

bghU itKiw mf
FHij mUF mfit _W; mt isaho bfhoUjh.
isahL bghUf Uj mykh gij vLf brwh. mUUj
khiu mt fglJ. Vnjh gl vd idJ mjid vLJ
Wlh; J neu ka Gjh. FHij ifbfLkhW
khiufis itfyhkh? ntbwbdd bghUfis FHij ifF
vLkhW itj TlhJ?

87

cley nghWnth!
csey caJnth!

gho kf.

gho kUJ

LFns vyh UF

kUJ flJ lF!
ghoia nflh jUth ekF

gFt khf m miuJ!
RF sF uf

Rjkhd nrJ
ifF itJ fr bfhLgh

fngh eik fhJ lgh!

thifw
kdbtGfis vbfhSj

mF itj bghU itj l Uj ntL. LF

tUnth ahuhtJ rikayiwnyh tuntgiwnyh UF bghUfis
vLjh, vLj l itj ntL. yhlh dbfhL
fJth.
W taUnj mt mgojh vgJ mt lhUF bj.
Mdh, mt LF tj mz kf oUj bghUfisbayh
fiyJljid fL bgh vGjh; d FHijia moJlh.
FHij mGifia nfl midtU mJ FiwgLbfhld.
mtsh, mt aig khbfhs ayiy.
1. m, j kd vGia fLgLj Koahk FHijia mofyhkh?
2. dbfhL cfis ahuhtJ mojJlh? mnghJ cf kdiy
vthUjJ?
3. cfSF d tJ f ahiuahtJ mojwF V monjh vd
jJ clh?

kf
fd
mbkfh fbgw gzfhufS xUt mt. xUrka mtl
ebfhil bgWtjfhf f khztf brwhf. fa s
x goJ bfhoUj mt, sif mizJL mtfl
ngr bjhldh. t vd go xU frdhf Uwhnu! t vnf
ekF ebfhil junghwh vW khztf idjhf.
mt, mtf agil msF f tFgiw fLtjfhf
_W yr %gh bfhLJ cjdh. mtiu g jtwhf idJ
bfhoUj khztf, Iah, vfSl ngRnghJ
f sif
mizf fhuz vd? vW nflhf. mjF mt, gogjFjh
88

sF njit. cfSl ngRtjF njitiy. y fhRfjhnd vW

mgkhf idj TlhJ. W Jjh bgUbts MwJ. fdkhf
eh Ugjid ghJL, mjid f frjd vW idj
TlhJ. eh fdij filogjdhjh, j bjhifia cfSF
ebfhilahf juKojJ; fd vgJ ntW, frjd vgJ ntW
vwh.
vts nrJ itJsh?
nrJ itfhikF fhuz vd?
nrgjfhd tKiwf ahit?

1.
2.
3.

bkhahf brf.

The people of India speak several languages and have different customs.
They eat different food and dress in different ways. But all of them love India
because, they are the children of Mother India. Their love for the country makes
them a nation. They are the proud sons and daughters of the great mother.

izahd j gHbkhia mf.

1. The wise and the fool have their follows.

d dnjhL nrU.

2. He who has an art has everywhere a part.

3. Being on the sea, sail being on the land, settled.

fhynfw nfhy bfh.

4. No rains no grains.

fnwhF brw lbkyh w.

khayJ fha iy.

5. Bad words find bad acceptance.

EzY j thah bfL.

89

tsu braghLf
nfl w

braghL 1

fhQ ciugia gof nfL, dhfSF ilaf.

_W taJ FHijbahiw mik neh jhaJ. neh jhfjh
mFHij fbzh HjJ. FHij iy fl bgnwh fyd;
f bgUd. FHij vfhyij v mGjd.
MLf cUnlhod.
FHijF IJ tajhW. bjhlf f ff vdh FHij
jij Kijah. FHijia j ko Fw gLfitJ, mj KJ j
vGJfis vG fjh.
j ttotf FHij kdJ ttotfshf gjd.
jij kona FHij bjhlf g MdJ.

ko l f fj jij, FHijF vL tajhdnghJ j

ya yfz ff khKJfuhal nrjh.
yfz yafis fuha Fu nfL fW csY
czY jiH iwJ bfhl mFHij, afjf fahwY
jHhwY bgwJ.
bgwj isthf j gndHh tanyna gH gf, FkuFU gf,
t gf, Ubr gf vd ew yafis gilJ j
midF mnrjJ.
gH vD abga bfhl mFHijiajh, jGyf khgHf
f ehty vd ghuho nghaJ.
dhf
1. khgHf f ehty abga vd?
2. khgHf f ehtyUF bjhlf f fjt ah?
3. khgHf f ehtyUF j yfz yafis fjt
ah?
4. yafis giljnghJ khgHf f ehty taJ vd?
5. khgHf f ehty aa fS ulid TWf.

90

ngRj w - fyJiuahl

braghL - 2

bjhlto nghFtuJ wf
iyaJF bjhlto tUnghJ eilnkil cs kr
nfhLF w
bjhlto VWtjF eilnkilia gagLjhik
U ghij elJ brYj
bjhlto bgo EiHth mkJ gaz brj
bjhlto tUif Myh fl ghijia flJ brYj

goj w

braghL - 3

fhQ ciugia goJ dhfSF ilaf.

ey gh fojh clnd thiHku UFlJF mthSl XLf.
mo xU btL, E xU btL nghL Jlij vLJthUf.
gilahf cJ k ro myJ fh nfhigf rhW f.
fhgo rhiw fogltDF bfhLf.
ey gh eR xW gzhJ. M flha iHJ bfhth.
cfSF br tu neukhlhY, thiHku bfhLtu neu
MlhY, fo glt g oL.

91

fhQ glf czJ bjhlto nghFtuJ wfsh VgL

isfis FJ FG fyJiuahLf.

thiHgil rhiw t FofKoahJ. Mfnt, gW Fwlh giy

y kUij lbrahf. jidl mahik ntiy. giy
ydhY bjhilia yfKoahJ.
gh foglt gf oUjh, y thiHgilfis Kj cJ,
nH rahf J, mjnk mtid gLfitJ Lf; wF rhW f.
rhW a mt th wf neu rahf UF. wF rhiw Fogh;
vGJ elgh.
. M. bg. Rtehj, j kUJf
1. gh foF gagL ku vJ?
2. gh foF bfhLfgL rhW vJ?
3. g Lj vwh vd?
4. gh fogltDF gf olh, kUJ cbfhs Kokh?
Koahbj, fhuz TWf.

5. gh fogltDF gf oUjh, vthW kUJ bfhLj

ntL?

vGJj w
brhtjid vGJj

braghL - 4

uhU flYLj yklij vd bjhlF jjh thJ ghliy

eh efnth. Mdh, mghlYFa bghUis KGikahf mjt ynu.
kndhka vD ehlf ghl lbgWsJ. jid ghoat
bg. Rjudh. ghl, flyh NHgl cyf jhahf, gujfl mjh
UKfkhf, jfhzkha bjah mUKf mHFw mikJs
beahf, jUehL mbe sF bghlhf, jbkh
mbghoUJ vG Jkzkhf cUtf bragLsJ. jjh thJ
ghliy eh xbthU ehS ghLnghJ bghUSzJ ghLnth.

mfu tirgLJj

braghL - 5

fhQ ciug tz vGYs brhfis mfu tirgL

vGJf.
aif vf fh, rf yt fy ghl mHF fbjhU
ehoa mufkhf fwJ. _ Jisf fhW FJ vG Xir
FHnyhirahf, KH iuF mU x KHnthirahf, khf
rj bgUtakhf, tLf Ku ahnHhirahf mikJ abjhU
FGirahf sFwJ. k wgl ML wahf, kf
fhnghfshf mikJLwd.

92

ehj sgufis JbfhSj

braghL - 6

Fwhy RWyh
btHik khiy 4.30 kF bridUJ wgL
f Hik fhiy 6.00 kF brid tjil.

RWyhfhd flz
%.3200/-

Ut jF miw trl (j xUtUF)

%. 2950/-

WtUfhd flz
(4 taJKj 10 taJtiu)

%. 2700/-

btHik

fhiy 04.30

brid - wghL - ugaz

rHik

fhiy 10.00

bjfh - Fwhy - u jFj

PhWHik fhiy 06.00

f Hik

fhiy 06.00

Fwhy - bjfh, U,
kJiu - ugaz
brid tjilj

nkY tufSF

jehL RWyh ts fHf

2, thyhrh rhiy, brid - 600 002.
bjhiyng - 91-44-25383333
bjhiyef - 91-44-25361385
sguij J dhfSF ilaf.
dhf
1. sgu vjid g TWwJ?
2. RWyhfhd ehf vjid?
3. gaz vUJ, vjid kF bjhlFwJ?
4. c jijl RWyhF bry brYj ntoa flz
vts?
5. sgu brJs fHf vJ?

93

jaiw trl (j xUtUF)

zg uj

braghL - 7

yf cWduhtjfhd got bfhLfgLsJ. mgotid ca

Kiw uf.
fkhuh (khy ika) bghJ yf, brid 8
cWd zg got
bga :
(bga vGJf)
2
wj nj
3
jij bga
4
Kft
( Kftfhd
rhWl)
5
ggt / khzt
(KG Kftl)
6
iyahd Kft
bjhiyng/miyng
fkhuh (khy ika) bghJ yf f ut bgW cWduhf nru
zF eh, myf Kiwfgo elJ bfhnt. mjfhd
Kgz %gh W / UW/ KW buhfkhf brYJnw.

ifbahg
cuthjkgt
(Kft kW Kiul)

bk Kft

jij/fzt
bga, bjh, Kft
bjhiyng/ brng
uL cwdf 1.
bga, bjh, Kft
bjhiyng/ brng

2.

94

10. rkfgl Mtzf

1. FLg mil

2. XLe ck

3. ghngh

4. njj Mizajh

tHfgl milahs mil

gHbkhfis mj

braghL - 8

fhQ brhbwhlfis bghUsJ uf.

( gwJngh, cyF, c bfhLnjhnu, nfL, W taJ, Ung, eR )
.

1. behWF tWF
.

2.

3. co bfhLnjh

4. msF dh mKjK

5. g tl gJ

6. behWf wh
.

7. co Kjnw

FWbfGJbrh isahL

braghL - 9

fhQ FfisbfhL, czthF kUJfis flf.

fljtiw flf vGJf.

7
5
8
9
10

95

lUJ ty
.

2. tW Nil jF

4. bjhilfil bjhiyF

7. clYF tYl f mfy br

8. kz_o cz Uig jU

10. tia btnaW

.
.
.
.

tyUJ l
9. fFia mbjit clhF
nkUJ

1. beYs ria F

3. jij nghF

6. nfhitia F

.
.
.

UJ nk

1. FUia ikgLJ

gilghw - brh cUthf

braghL - 10

gl cs vGJfis nrJ kabfh brhfis cUthFf.

96

fwyil WkL
fhy : 15kJ

kbg : 10

1. nfhol lij uf.

5 1 = 5

tifgL.

M) jis

jis.

) fhK ne tUtJ

<)

vd bghU.

m) jis vD brhYF

btghFa jisf

jis.

c) f K ne tUtJ

2. mltiz cs brhfis mir J thghL vG jisia

flf.
5 1 = 5
brhf

it/if M/W

fh fiu

fif fiu

ekij MW

bjbgiz
MW

mir

thghL

ne/ne ne/ne

kh K ne

jis
nebuhwha jis

t.
v.

97

vdh Ko, ehnd brnj

( I can, I did )
khzt fw braghLf gntL
ghl :
eh

ghl v

ghljiy

t.v

98

braghL

Fiu