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,

, 0 1. , .

. , ' ,
, , ...
.

[]
1
2
3
4
5
6
6.1 1
6.2 2
6.3

[]
11012 1 (1 * 20), 0 (0 * 21), 1
(1 * 22) 1 (1 * 23). : ",,, 2".
13 , 1 * 20 + 0 * 21 + 1 * 22 + 1 * 23 = 13.

[]

. , ,
(. +3 Volts ) "1",
(. +2 Volts )
"0".

.
, ,
, .
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[]

.
1310, . 2,
, .
20=1
21=2
22=4
23=8
13, 23=8,
24=16>13. 23 13, x1. To
5. 22 5 x1. 1 ,
21 x0. 20 ,
x1.
13
-23 x1
5
-22 x1
1
-21 x0
1
-20 x1
0
,
. , 11012 = 1310.
,
(, .).

[]
:
0+0=0
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0+1=1
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 0 1
1 + 1 + 1 = 1 1
, (byte) 121
107, :
(121) 01111001
(107) 01101011 +
(228) 11100100
, .
.

[]
:
0-0=0
1-0=1
1-1=0
0 - 1 = 1 1

, (byte) 121
107, :
(121) 01111001
(107) 01101011 (014) 00001110
, .
.

[]


, 1 2.

[] 1
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, 0 1
1 0, .
, () 7 (byte) :
0000 0111
-7 1 :
1111 1000

:
0000 0000 ( "" )

1111 1111 ( "" )

,
2

[] 2
2,
1. , 7 (byte):
0000 0111
1:
1111 1000
1:
1111 1001

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,
, ,
.
,
,
. 0, ,
1, .
, 8 bits ( ) , 7
00000111
, -7
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10000111

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