Eng.

Ahmed Shoier
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
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‫‪Eng. Ahmed Shoier‬‬

Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 pumps

Positive displacement Dynamic

Diaphragm
Rotary reciprocating
Piston,plunger

Multiple rotor Single rotor

Gear pump vane pump
Lobe pump Screw pump
Screw pump Piston pump
Peristaltic pump
Flexible member pump

Eng. Ahmed Shoier

Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 Dynamic Pump (Non Positive ):

Used for High Q and Low P

Little use in fluid power (used in transport).

Capacity limited to 250-300 psi.

Positive Displacement:

Eject a fixed amount of fluid every revolution of

pump shaft rotation.

High Pressure up to 10,000 psi.

High volumetric efficiency.

Small size and compact.

Eng. Ahmed Shoier

Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 Gear Pump
•This is a type of Rotary Force
Pump. Gear pumps are extremely
simple and reliable.
•Depending on the number of teeth,
the "idler" gear might be driven
directly by the "drive" gear.
Generally with six or more teeth this
is possible. In other cases an extra
gear external to the pump drives the
secondary gear at the same rate.
• The teeth on Gear Pumps can be
spur (straight), helical (slanted),
herringbone, etc. There can be
two, or more teeth on each gear -
- twenty is not uncommon. The
diameter of the gears and their
thickness varies widely.
• The many variations have
different effects on the
efficiency, strength, smoothness
and other areas of operation.
• This pump will pump in the
reverse direction if you reverse
the direction of rotation of the
gears. Two pairs of valves can be
added to make this a Reversing
Gear Pump, which pumps in the
same direction regardless of
which direction the gears rotate.
Gear Pumps and Motors
Gear
Pump driven gear

idler gear
Volume on this side
decreases as gear Outlet
teeth mesh
Driven Gear

Symbol

Volume on this side

Idler Gear increases as gear
teeth unmesh

Inlet

Figure 15.9 External Gear Pump

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 Gear pump

Work well at 1500 PSI and below

Work with a minimum of moving parts
Advantage:
Less expensive to manufacture than piston type pumps
High efficiency-Small size-Gives high pressure-
Disadvantages:
.Can not repair it
Flow rate is small

External Gear pump

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 external
Advantages
High speed
Medium pressure•
No overhung bearing loads•
Relatively quiet•
Design lens itself to use of a wide •
variety of materials
Disadvantages
Four bushings in liquid area•
Four stuffing boxes•
No solids allowed•

Three clearance: between teeth, teeth/body, and Bearing (shaft)

and bushes
Main menu
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
External Gear Pump
External Gear Pump
 Reversing
Reversing Gear Pump

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 Crescent Pump (Internal Gear)
• This pump consists of two rotating
gears; an Internal Gear with the teeth on
the outside, and an External gear with
the teeth on the inside. The External
Squeeze Gear is larger and has more teeth, but
the teeth are the same size.
• As the teeth separate (lower left side in
this drawing) they pass over the intake
hole they "suck" in fluid, then the gears
are separated by a Crescent Seal (shown
in brown.)
• When the teeth start to come together
again (upper right here) they squeeze
Driven the fluid through the outlet hole
• Normally the inner gear is attached to a
drive shaft and the outer gear is turned
by the inner gear at the point of contact
(upper left area of this drawing.)
• Advantages of the crescent pump
Suck include its simple design and low
maintenance requirements.
 Internal Gear Volume on this side
decreases as gear
teeth mesh
External Gear

Symbol
Inlet Outlet

Volume on this side

increases as gear
teeth unmesh Crescent Seal

Figure 15.10 Cresc ent Seal Type Internal Gear Pump

COPYRIGHT C (1999) VICKERS, INCORPORATED
Internal Gear Pumps/motors
 Internal Gear Pump

Suck

Delivery
Gerotor
 Internal Gear pump
Advantages
Two moving parts•
Positive suction, non pulsating •
discharge
Ideal for high viscosity liquids•
Constant and even discharge regardless •
of varying pressure conditions
Low NPSH required•
Easy to maintain•
Disadvantages
Low speeds usually required•
Medium pressure•
One bearing runs in pumped product•
Overhung load on shaft bearing•

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 lobe pump

2-lobe pump

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 3-lobe

3-lobe pump
Advantages
Pass medium solids•
High acceptance•
No metal-to-metal contact•
Positive suction, non pulsating discharge•
Little galling possibility•
Disadvantages
Timing gears•
More space required•
May require factory service to repair•
Two seals•

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
External Gear Pump
 Screw pump
Advantages
• High pressure capability
• High volumetric efficiency
• High suction capability
• High reliability
• Low noise and vibration
• Minimum maintenance
• Long life

Typical Applications
• Fuel oil unloading systems
• Fuel oil firing systems
• Lube oil circulation systems
• Hydraulic systems
• Viscose pumping systems
• Molasses handling systems

If need increase Pressure, then increase the length

If need increase flow , then increase teeth width.

Very important, thrust bearing and adjust it’s clearance

Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Sliding Vane Pumps & Motors
Vane Pump
 Vane pump
Advantages vane
Medium capacity•
Medium speed•
Thin liquids•
Can run dry for short periods•
Can have one seal or stuffing box•
Develops good vacuum•
Disadvantages
Medium pressure•
Complex housing•
Not suitable for high viscosity•
Not good with abrasives•

Back Eng. Ahmed Shoier Main menu

Increasing Decreasing
Volume Volume
Inlet side Outlet side

Figure 15.13 Eccentricity Between Rotor and Cam Ring

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 Applications
Aerosol/Propellants · Van applications
Aviation Service - Fuel Transfer, Deicing ·
Auto Industry - Fuels, Lubes, Refrigeration Coolants ·
Barge Unloading ·
Chemical Process Industry ·
Ethanol/Alcohol Refining ·
Lubrication Blending - Solvents, Oils ·
Petroleum Industry - Crude Oils and Hydrocarbons ·
Power Generation - Fuels, Lubrication ·
Refrigeration - Ferons, Ammonia ·
Rubber and Plastic ·
Textile ·

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier

Displacement is measured
in cubic inches per revolution
or CIR.
Pressure acting on
this area creates a
force on the vane...
(Force = Pressure times Area)
Displacement is the maximum
volume of one chamber times
the number of chambers.

D
Force times D
Creates a torque

Figure 7.16 Displacement is the Quantity of Fluid that Effects One Shaft Revolution

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 Outlet

Inlet

Rotation

Figure 15.15 Balanced Vane Pump Design

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 Spring Clip

Figure 5.9 Springs or Spring Clips Keep the Vanes Against the Cam

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A balanced vane pump
Variable displacement pumps
(Vane) (Pressure Compens
 Cam ring

Maximum Flow

Rotor is fixed

Cam ring moves to reduce eccentricity

To zero
 Piston pump
Piston

Axial design Radial design

Bent-axis Piston pump In-line Piston pump

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Double Acting Piston pump
Diaphragm Pump
 Bent-axis Piston pump

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Bent Axis Pump • In this pump, the pistons are at an
angle to the drive shaft and Thrust
Trust Plate Plate. The piston block shaft is
connected to the drive shaft by a
universal joint, not shown. The
drive shaft, thrust plate, piston
block shaft, and piston block all
revolve.
• The connecting rods are attached
to the thrust plate and revolve with
it, unlike the swash plate pump
where the piston rods slide past a
stationary swash plate.
• The outlet ports are semi-circular
holes in the Valve Plate.
• As the pump revolves, half the
pistons suck in fluid as they pass
over the intake port. The other
pistons discharge their fluid
through the outlet port.
 In-line Piston pump piston pump menu
In-line

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Swash Plate Pump•
•Swash plate pumps have a rotating
cylinder containing pistons. A
spring pushes the pistons against a
stationary swash plate, which sits
at an angle to the cylinder.
•The pistons suck in fluid during
half a revolution and push fluid out
during the other half.
On edge on the far right is a
dark stationary disk. It contains
two semi-circular ports. It is
shown again in a head-on view
below, right.
• These ports allow the pistons to
draw in fluid as they move
toward the swash plate (on the
backside) and discharge it as
they move away.
• For a given speed swash plate
pumps can be of fixed
displacement like this one, or
variable by having a variable
swash plate angle. The greater
the slant the further the pistons
move and the more fluid they
transfer.
Parallel Cylinder Piston Pump
Swash Plate Pump
Suction

delivery

Suction
 Maximum Displacement

Reduced Displacement

Zero Displacement

Figure 15.38 Displacement is Controlled by the Angle of the Cylinder Block

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 Stroke Stroke Stroke

Inlet Inlet Inlet

Outlet Outlet Outlet

Figure 15.41 Pump Displacement is Based on Swash Plate Angle

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“pressure compensated”
 Radial piston pump piston pump menu
radial
Radial Piston Pumps can produce a
very smooth flow under extreme
pressure. Generally they are
variable-displacement pumps. In
variable models, flow rate changes
when the shaft holding the rotating
pistons is moved with relation to the
casing (in different models either the
shaft or the casing moves.) Output
can also be varied by changing the
.rotation speed

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Radial Piston pump
 Case Drain Cylinder Block
Swash Plate

Outlet

Rotation

Inlet
Torque is generated by the
piston force; equal to inlet
pressure times the piston
area.
Figure 7.31 Fixed Displacement In-Line Piston Motor

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 Case Drain Cylinder Block
Swash Plate

Outlet

Rotation

Inlet
Torque is generated by the
piston force; equal to inlet
pressure times the piston
area.
Figure 7.31 Fixed Displacement In-Line Piston Motor

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 Compensator
Control Piston

Yoke

Bias Spring

Figure 7.33 Variable Displacement In-Line Piston Motor

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 Case Drain

Outlet

Inlet

Figure 7.37 Bent Axis Piston Motor

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 Pistons

Connecting
Rods
Cylinders

Force 1

r1

Crankshaft Output
Drum Shaft

Figure 7.34 Radial Piston Motor

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 Peristaltic pump Peristaltic

One of the main advantages of the

Peristaltic Pump is cleanliness. It
also utilizes another advantage:
Fragile blood cells are not
damaged by this pump.

Peristaltic pumps have a variety of

medical applications. They can be
used to add nutrients to blood, to
force blood through filters to clean
it, or to move blood through the
body and lungs during open heart
.surgery

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Peristaltic Pump
 Diaphragm pump

Advantages:
A major advantage of diaphragm
pumps is that the pumped liquid does
not come into contact with most of
the working parts of the pump. The
only moving parts which are in
contact with the pumped liquid are
the diaphragm

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 Piston, plunger pump

Characteristics:
Piston pumps can create high pressures (up
to 50,000 psi) and they deliver a constant
flow rate independent of the discharge
pressure. They can run dry without damage
and do not require downstream check valves.
Piston pumps are mechanically simple and
can have an exceptionally long life if
properly maintained. Maintenance is critical,
however, because internal parts of the pump
are in direct contact with the pumped liquid.

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Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Single Acting Piston Pump
Finger Pump
Jet Pump
 OPERATING PROBLEMS

1- the pump does not deliver any liquid .

2- the pump delivers less liquid than its rated capacity .
3- the prime is lost during operation of the pump .
4- the pump is noisy .
5- the pump wears more rapidly than should be expected .
6- the pump takes too much power.

Eng. Ahmed Shoier

Back Main menu
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
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‫‪Eng. Ahmed Shoier‬‬

Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 : !‫ا ا‬
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(RPM) ‫ا"وراﻥ‬
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Eng. Ahmed Shoier

 ‫ا ا! ‪:‬‬
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‫ا ای‪:C‬‬

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‫‪ .3‬ه‪ .‬ﻡ‪ "67‬ﻡ‪;'CU‬ة ا‪I‬زاﺡ"‪.‬‬
‫‪Eng. Ahmed Shoier‬‬
‫اي
‪ 5‬ا&‪A‬اء ا ی‪A 0‬ء
‪ 5‬ا ا‪E‬؟‬
‫ای‪.C‬‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫ا‪.H3‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
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‫ا ا‪:3‬‬

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‫زیدة زاوی ‪ #J‬ا ا‪:3‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ی‪T‬ی‪ +‬ا‪v‬زا‪."K‬‬
‫‪ .2‬ی‪ Eb‬ا)‪+: "671‬ور أ!;ع‪.‬‬
‫‪Eng. Ahmed Shoier‬‬ ‫‪T: .3‬ی‪ +‬ﺽ‪ tC‬ا)‪."671‬‬
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."'Rg)‫''; زاوی" ا‬CU? t4^ .2
.‫وران‬+)‫" ا‬P;! ;''CU? t4^ .3
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
 to circuit

Aeration
• leak in inlet line.
Outlet
• Low fluid level in Tank.

Inlet
Atmospheric
Pressure

Inlet Phase

Figure 15.4 Aerated Fluid Caused by Inlet Air Leak

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 High velocity microjet formation

Outlet

Inlet
Atmospheric
Pressure

Output Phase

Figure 15.5 Pressurizing the Fluid Collapses the Bubbles

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 Figure 15.6 Piston Pump Valve Plate Erosion Caused by Aeration or Cavitation
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 to circuit

Cavitation:
A common cause is restriction in inlet side of the pump:
Outlet

1. Inlet hose may be small.

2. Bent, clogging inlet screen, or

filters may not be easily forced Inlet
Atmospheric
into the pump. Pressure

3. Fluid may be too viscous

(Especially with low Temperature),
Or wrong fluid is used. Inlet Phase

Figure 15.7 Cavitation Bubbles Formed by a Restricted Inlet

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 to circuit

Cavitation:
A common cause is restriction in inlet side of the pump:
Outlet

1. Inlet hose may be small.

2. Bent, clogging inlet screen, or

filters may not be easily forced Inlet
Atmospheric
into the pump. Pressure

3. Fluid may be too viscous

(Especially with low Temperature),
Or wrong fluid is used. Inlet Phase

Figure 15.7 Cavitation Bubbles Formed by a Restricted Inlet

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 to circuit

Cavitation:
1. Cavitation can also occur if the fluid
Outlet
or part of the fluid, vaporizes too easily.
This may be happen if the fluid is too hot.
Water in the fluid can become water vapor
Bubbles. Solvent, kerosene, gasoline,
Inlet
diesel fuel and many other volatile liquids Atmospheric
Pressure
That find their way into the
hydraulic fluid vaporize easily and
lead to cavitation
Inlet Phase

Figure 15.7 Cavitation Bubbles Formed by a Restricted Inlet

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 CAUSES OF CAVITATION AND AERATION
Causes of Cavitation
1. Clogged or restricted strainer
2. High fluid viscosity
3. Low fluid temperature
4. Clogged reservoir breather
5. Pump inlet line too small
6. Pump too far above reservoir
7. Pump too far from reservoir
8. Excessive pump RPM
9. Too many bends in pump inlet line
10. Collapsed hose on pump inlet line
11. Restriction on pump inlet line
12. Failure of supercharge pump
Causes of Aeration
1. Low reservoir fluid level
2. Defective pump shaft seal
3. Return line above fluid level
4. Improper baffling in the reservoir
5. Loose fitting on pump inlet line
6. Defective seal on pump inlet line
7. Incorrect reservoir design
8. Porous hose on pump inlet line

Figure 15.8 Causes of Aeration and Cavitation

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 1. Gear pumps:
a) are variable volume.
b) are centrifugal.
c) have positive displacement.
d) are pressure compensated.

2. Gear pump displacement increases with increased input

rpm.
a) False
b) True
3. Gear pumps
a) trap fluid between the teeth and the housing.
b) have many moving parts.
c) are used to control pressure control valves.

Eng. Ahmed Shoier

1. Vane pumps:
a) may be variable displacement.
b) are not positive displacement.
c) use a rotor for pumping.
2. A balanced vane pump uses an elliptical cam ring for
opposing pressure quadrants.
a) True
b) False

3. Which is not a part of a vane pump?

a) Vane
b) Rotor
c) Cam Ring
d) Barrel (Piston)

Eng. Ahmed Shoier

1. Piston Pump
a) turn reciprocating motion into rotating motion.
b) utilize one piston only.
c) require a case drain.
d) are fixed volume only.
2. Increasing the angle of the swashplate in a piston
pump
a) increases the pistons displacement.
b) allows the pump to rotate faster.
c) Increases the pump’s outlet pressure.

3. Axial piston pumps utilize a rotating swashplate.

a) True
b) False
Eng. Ahmed Shoier
1. Gear Pumps
a) may be variable.
b) are usually not used in hydraulics.
c) change displacement with changes in rpm.
d) give constant output with constant rpm.

2. Variable displacement pumps change the output flow by

a) changing either the pump’s rpm and/or swashplate angle.
b) only changing the swashplate angle.
c) only changing the pump’s rpm.

Eng. Ahmed Shoier