Lyù Thuyeát Tín Hieäu

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu
Bai giang:
LY THUET TN HIEU
9/7/2009 Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
Chng1: Mot so khai niem c ban. Chng 2: Tn hieu xac nh. Chng 3: Phan tch tn hieu trong mien tan so. Chng 4: Truyen tn hieu qua mach tuyen tnh. Chng 5: Tn hieu ieu che.
LY THUYET TN HIEU
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban
I.Tn hieu. II.Phan loai tn hieu. III.Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu.
9/7/2009
Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)
I.Tn hieu:
Nguon tin Bien oi tin tc Tn hieu May phat(ieu che)
Kenh truyen
May thu (Giai ieu che)
9/7/2009
Bien oi tn hieu Tin tc
Nhan thong tin

I.
Tn hieu:
Tn hieu la bieu dien vat ly cua tin tc ma ta can chuyen t nguon tin en ni nhan tin.
1. nh ngha:
2. Nhiem vu cua Ly thuyet tn hieu:

Tm ra cac phng phap bieu dien tn hieu:
Cong thc toan. o th .
a ra cac phng phap phan tch tn hieu.

II. Phan loai tn hieu: 1. Phan loai theo qua trnh bien thien. 2. Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu. 3. Phan loai da tren hnh thai tn hieu. 4. Phan loai theo tan so tn hieu.
1.
II.
Phan loai theo qua trnh bien thien: Tn hieu xac nh: Qua trnh bien thien hoan toan xac nh va co the bieu dien bang mot ham toan hoc. Tn hieu ngau nhien:Qua trnh bien thien khong c biet trc muon bieu dien phai tien hanh khao sat, thong ke.
V du: x(t) =cos 2t.
Phan loai tn hieu:
9/7/2009

II. Phan loai tn hieu (tt):
2.
Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu: Tn hieu nang lng: La tn hieu co nang lng hu han. Nang lng mot tn hieu x(t) :
+
Ex =
9/7/2009
x 2 (t ) d t

2.
Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): V du 2.1:
x (t ) = e 2 t 1 (t )
e
0
4t
dt =
1 4t e 4
1 ; 4
9/7/2009
10
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) II.Phan loai tn hieu (tt):
2.Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): V du 2.2:
(t ) =
x
t 1 (t x
2
( t )d t
t
0
dt = ;
9/7/2009
11
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) II.Phan loai tn hieu (tt):
2.Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt):
Tn hieu cong suat : La tn hieu co cong suat hu han.
1 P = lim x 2 (t )dt T T t0
1 Px = lim T 2T
T
Tn hieu tuan hoan Tn hieu khong tuan hoan (bat ky)
(t )dt
9/7/2009
12

II. 2. Phan loai tn hieu (tt): Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): Tn hieu cong suat (tt): V du 2.3: Tm cong suat tn hieu f(t): x(t)= 2(1 e t )1(t ) T hnh ve ta thay
x x(t ) 2
Px = lim
1 1 4(1 et )2 dt x2 (t )dt = lim T 2T T 2T T T

T 1 1 4(1 2et + e2t )dt = lim [4T + 8eT 2e2T ] 0 T 2T T 2T 0 T
= lim
f(t)=2(1-e-t)1(t)
= lim
1 [4T + 8eT 2e2T 8 + 2] = 2 2T
9/7/2009
13

II. 2. Phan loai tn hieu (tt): Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): Tn hieu cong suat (tt): V du 2.4: x (t ) = A c o s 2 t ;
Px = lim
1 2 1 A2 2 2 x ( t ) dt lim A cos 2 tdt lim (1 + cos 4t )dt = = T T T T T 2T 0 0 0 A2 A2 1 t sin 4 t lim T sin 4 T ; + = + = [ ] 2 4 0 T 2T

T
A2 = lim T 2T
Vay x(t) la tn hieu cong suat (co cong suat hu han).

14

II. 2.

Phan loai tn hieu (tt): Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): Chu y:
Tn hieu nang lng: thi han hu han, khi t th x(t) 0; Tn hieu cong suat :tn hieu tuan hoan, khi t th x(t) constant (hang so).
V du 2.4:
x(t) A
x(t) la tn hieu cong suat
t x(t ) A
t
0
9/7/2009
15

II.Phan loai tn hieu (tt): 2.Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): V du 2.5:
0 : t > t , t > t 2 ; x(t ) = 1 A : t1 < t < t2 ; t x(t ) 0
x(t) A
x(t) la tn hieu nang lng.

9/7/2009
t1
t2 t t
16

3.
Phan loai da tren hnh thai cua tn hieu: Tn hieu lien tuc : Thi gian va bien o lien tuc.
x(t)
9/7/2009
17

II. 3. Phan loai tn hieu (tt): Phan loai da tren hnh thai cua tn hieu (tt):
Tn hieu lng t : Thi gian lien tuc nhng bien o khong lien tuc.
x(t)
9/7/2009
18

II.Phan loai tn hieu (tt): 3.Phan loai da tren hnh thai cua tn hieu (tt):
Tn hieu ri rac: Bien o lien tuc nhng thi gian ri rac.

x(t)
9/7/2009
19

II. 3. Phan loai tn hieu (tt): Phan loai da tren hnh thai cua tn hieu (tt):
Tn hieu so: Bien o va thi gian ri rac.

x(t)
9/7/2009
20
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) II. 4. Phan loai tn hieu (tt): Phan loai theo tan so tn hieu :
Pho cua tn hieu x(t) la bien oi Fourier thuan cua tn hieu x(t).
Tn hieu tan so thap. Tn hieu tan so cao. Tn hieu dai hep (bang thong hep). Tn hieu dai rong (bang thong rong).
9/7/2009
21
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) III. Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu :
Co hai dang bieu dien tn hieu: Bieu dien lien tuc tn hieu. Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu.
1.
Bieu dien lien tuc tn hieu:

Bien oi Fourier Bien oi thuan:
X ( ) =
Bien oi nghch:
x (t ) e

j t
dt
d
(Ly thuet tn hieu)

9/7/2009
1 x(t ) = 2
X ( )e
jt
22
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) III. 1. Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): Bieu dien lien tuc tn hieu (tt):
Bien oi Laplace: Bien oi thuan:
X (s) =
x ( t ) e st d t
Bien oi ngc:
x(t ) =
X ( s )e
st
ds
(Toan ky thuat 1)
23

III.Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): 2.Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt): Chuoi Fourier (tap ham ieu hoa thc) Khai trien x(t) thanh chuoi ham lng giac (tap ham ieu hoa thc) 2 x(t ) = a0 + (an cos n0t + bn sin n0t ); 0 = ;
n =1
a0 =
1 T
T ( t0 + T )
0( t0 )
x(t )dt ; an =
2 T
T ( t0 + T )
0( t0 )
x(t ) cos n0tdt ; bn =
2 T
T ( t0 + T )
0( t0 )
x(t ) sin n0tdt;
Chu y: Neu x(t) la tn hieu tuan hoan th T la chu
ky cua tn hieu. Neu x(t) khong phai la tn hieu tuan hoan th T la oan yeu cau.
24
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) III.Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): 2.Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt): Chuoi Fourier (Chuoi phc)
x (t ) =
n =
X n e jn0 t ; 0 =
2 ; T
1 Xn = T
9/7/2009
T ( t0 +T ) 0( t0 )
x (t )e jn0t dt;
25
III. Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): 2. Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt): Chuoi Fourier (Chuoi phc) (tt)
Chu y: Neu x(t) la tn hieu tuan hoan th T la chu ky cua tn hieu. Neu x(t) khong phai la tn hieu tuan hoan th T la oan can xet.
9/7/2009
26

III.Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt):
2.Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt): V du 2.1:

Cho tn hieu x(t) nh hnh ve, tm trong oan [-T,T]: a.Chuoi lng giac thc (chuoi Fourier thc). b.Chuoi Fourier phc.
x(t) A -T
9/7/2009
-T/2
T/2
T t
27

III.Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): 2.Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt): V du 2.1(tt):
a)Chuoi lng giac thc: x(t) la ham chan nen bn = 0;

bn = 2 T
T
2/2T
A sin ( n 0 t ) d t = 0
oan can xet la [-T,T] = 2T
x ( t ) sin ( n 0 t ) d t =
x(t)
1 T
T /2
T / 2
T cong thc
A -T -T/2 0 T/2 T t
9/7/2009
28

III. 2. Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt): V du 2.1(tt): a) Chuoi lng giac thc (tt):
a0 =
1 1 x (t )dt = T0 2T
T
x (t )dt =
1 2T
T/2
T /2
T / 2
Adt =
A ; 2
T
2 2 an = x (t ) cos(n 0 t )dt = T0 2T
2 A A cos(n 0 t )dt = sin(n 0 t ) Tn 0 T T / 2 _
A 2 T 2 T 2 A sin(n ) [sin(n ) sin( n )] = = = Asa(n ) 2n T 2 T 2 2 n A x (t ) = + A sa(n ) cos(n 0 t ) 2 n =1

29

III. 2. b)
T
Bieu dien giai tch tn hieu (tt): Bieu dien ri rac tn hieu (tt):
V du 2.1(tt):
Chuoi phc (tt):

T/2
1 1 X n = x (t )e jn0 t dt = T0 2T
T / 2
A.e
jn 0 t
A 1 jn0t dt = e 2T jn 0
T/2
T / 2
2 T 2 T jn jn A A A e jn e jn = [e jn0T / 2 e jn0T / 2 ] = [e T 2 e T 2 ] = 2 j 2Tn 0 2n 2j j 2Tn T A A = sin(n ); x(t ) = sin(n )e jn0 t 2 n 2 n n =
9/7/2009
30
Bai tap:
1. Tm pho (Bien oi Fourier) cac tn hieu sau: a) xa(t) = e-t1(t). b) xb(t) = e-|t|. T T t 1: < t < 2 c) xc(t)= ( T ) = 2
0 :
xc(t)
1 -T/2
9/7/2009
T/2
t
31

2.
Bai tap (tt):
Tm pho cua tn hieu x(t): x(t)
-1
1 t : 0 < t < 1; x ( t ) = 1 + t : 1 < t < 0; 0 : ;
9/7/2009
32

Bai tap (tt): 3.Tm bieu thc cua x(t) biet pho cua x(t) la X() nh sau: a.Xa():
j e 2 : 0 0 ; X a ( ) = e j 2 : 0; 0
X b ( ) = (
b) Xb():
1: 0 < < 0 ; )= 20 0 :;
9/7/2009
33
Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt) Bai tap (tt): 3. Khai trien thanh chuoi lng giac thc va chuoi phc Fourier cua tn hieu x(t) sau:
x(t) A 0 T/2 t
-3T
-2T
-T/2
2T
3T 7T/2
9/7/2009

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Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Bien oi tn hieu Tin tc

Nhan thong tin

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

2. Nhiem vu cua Ly thuyet tn hieu:

a ra cac phng phap phan tch tn hieu.

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Phan loai tn hieu:

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Phan loai da tren nang lng cua tn hieu (tt): V du 2.1:

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Tn hieu cong suat : La tn hieu co cong suat hu han.

Tn hieu tuan hoan Tn hieu khong tuan hoan (bat ky)

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

1 1 4(1 et )2 dt x2 (t )dt = lim T 2T T 2T T T

1 [4T + 8eT 2e2T 8 + 2] = 2 2T

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

1 2 1 A2 2 2 x ( t ) dt lim A cos 2 tdt lim (1 + cos 4t )dt = = T T T T T 2T 0 0 0 A2 A2 1 t sin 4 t lim T sin 4 T ; + = + = [ ] 2 4 0 T 2T

Vay x(t) la tn hieu cong suat (co cong suat hu han).

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

x(t) la tn hieu cong suat

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

0 : t > t , t > t 2 ; x(t ) = 1 A : t1 < t < t2 ; t x(t ) 0

x(t) la tn hieu nang lng.

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Tn hieu ri rac: Bien o lien tuc nhng thi gian ri rac.

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky

Bai giang: Ly thuyet tn hieu

Chng 1: Mot so khai niem c ban (tt)

Tn hieu so: Bien o va thi gian ri rac.

Giang vien: Th.S Le Xuan Ky