Understand and be able to apply each of these terms. 1. Salinity Salinity is the saltiness of dissolved of a body of water 2.

. Plankton organisms that live in the water Colum and re incapable of swimming against a current and provide a crucial source of food 3. Nekton the aquatic organisms in a body of water that are able to move independently over currents of water. 4. Benthos a community of organisms which live in or near the seabed./benthic zone 5. Littoral Zone a lake or a river close to a shore 6. Benthic Zone an ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water 7. Eutrophication the response of the ecosystems to the addition of artificial and natural substances like nitrates and phosphate. 8. River Source direction leading to the source of the river, which is against the direction flow or natural substances 9. River Course the direction leading the source of the river, which is against the direction of flow. 10. River Mouth is part of the stream where it flows into another stream like a river or sea 11. Marsh is a type of wetland that is dominated by herbaceous rather than a wood species. 12. Swamp A wetland that is forested, Swamps usually along large river and other shores. 13. Bog A wetland that accumulates peat of a deposit of dead material its known like 1 of the 4 wetlands 14. Lagoon- a shallow body of water separated from a larger body of water by barrier islands or reefs 15. Estuary a transition zone between river environments and ocean environments and are also subjected to both marine influences like tides and waves. 16. Abundance plentiful or over sufficient quantity or supply 17. Diversity condition of having different elements 18. Watershed - Carries water shed from land after rainfall and snow.
Water is moved into soil, groundwater, creeks and stream, the eventually to the rivers and seas.

19. Hydrophytes- aquatic plants that adapt to aquatic environments

1. What are the three important benefits (ecosystem service) provided by wetlands?Three important benefits are trap sediment and reduce pollution, limit damaging effects of waves, and reducing floor water 2. What causes high and low tides? Explain. High and low tides are caused due to gravitational forces of the moon and sun and the rotation of the earth causing the rise and fall of sea levels

3. Where would you find an estuary? What type of organisms would you expect to

find there? You would find an estuary where a stream or river flows into the ocean. The type of organisms you would expect to find are fish, birds, and plants 4. What is the definition of freshwater? Freshwater: Water that doesn't contain any salt 5. The mouth of a river can sometimes become murky because of all of the sediments that are washed downstream. Name 3 problems are caused by murkiness? 3 problems caused by "murkiness" are less algae, resulting into less fish, not enough sunlight going into the deeper zones of the water, and water pollution

6. Name 2 types of fish that can live in low oxygen environments: 2 types of fish that can live in low oxygen environments are catfish, and rainbow trout

7. Explain why reefs are so important to preserve. What are some of the dangers to coral reefs? Name 2. Reefs are important to preserve because they provide shelter to many species. Dangers to coral reefs are Carbon dioxide, and pollution

8. There are different types of marine reef environments. Define the following: a. Fringing Reefs: Coral attracted to mainlandb. Barrier Reefs: Long coral or rock line parallel to a coastline usually separated by a lagoon c. Atolls: Ring shaped coral reef circling a lagoon d. Coral Reefs: Reefs made of coral fragments, sands and organic deposit

9. Draw a diagram of a marine environment and define the following: a. Intertidal: Area exposed between high and low tides b. Pelagic: Relating to the sea c. Abyssal: Depths between 10,000 and 20,000 feet downward

d. Benthic: Bottom of the ocean

11. Describe the differences in the types of food webs found in the two ocean light zones, euphotic and aphotic. Where does the initial energy input for each come from? Euphotic is the part of the ovean that gets more sunlight and the aphotic is the area in the ocean that doesnt receive sunlight and dose not produce photosynthesis. 12. Explain how lakes turn-over yearly and what this process causes. Name one positive and one negative aspect of turn-over. Turn over is the temperature of the lake usually it depends on the month summer, winter etc.. 13. Draw a diagram of a lake and define the following: a. Littoral Zone b. Limnetic Zone

c. Profundal Zone

14.Complete this summary table of aquatic ecosystems:

Use the data provided to construct a climatograph. Temperature should be displayed as a line graph and

precipitation as a bar graph.

Month Precipitation (cm)