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African National Congress, 36 African Renaissance, 27 AIDS, 256, 339, 51 pandemic, 33 Alipore Jail Committee, 135 All India Ayurvedic Mahasammelan, 18 All India Veterinary School, 72 Allderidge, Patricia, 143 American Gynecological Society, 118 Amritabazar Patrika, 117 antapur, 125 Anatomy Act, 13 Anderson, Clare, 133 Anglo-Boer War, 88, 901, 172 animal disease, 612, 649, 712 and colonial knowledge, 64 see also rinderpest Annesley, James, 54 Apothecaries Act, 13 Arnold, David, 2, 16, 301, 545, 58, 67, 102, 12930, 140 Arogya Jiwan, 16 Arya Vaidya Samajam, 178 Asiatic Society, 20 Aturghar, 116 Astanga Ayurvedic College, 21 Ayurveda, 5, 124, 16, 19, 212, 96, 97, 168 See also Ayurvedic movement Ayurvedic Committee, 21 Ayurvedic movement, 17 see also nationalism Bainbridge, G., 99 Bala, Poonam, 30, 67 Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, 14 Belgatchia Veterinary College, 65

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Carmichael Medical College, 11819 Carroll, Lewis, 17 caste, 1112, 1417, 22, 75, 77, 79, 834, 93, 96, 11617, 121, 163, 168 divisions and identities, 17 cattle disease, 635, 68, 71 and plague, 612 see also rinderpest Census of 1901, 1617 Central Advisory Board of Health, 20 Chaudhary, Shaukat Rai, 19 Chaudhuri, Kirti N., 2 chawls, 92 Chikitsa Sammilani, 69

Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works, 16 Bengal Forceps, 119, 123 Bengal Social Science Association, 14 Bethlem Royal Hospital, 1434 bhadralok, 5, 16, 62, 6773 and western knowledge, 71 see also middle class bhadramahila, 11415 Bhisak Darpan, 69 Bhore Committee, 124 Blaauw, Jan, 56 Black Death, 75, 1001, 10510 black insane, 1467, 150, 152 and asylum, 157 Black Plague, 75 Boahen, Albert A., 2 bovine tuberculosis, 71 Brown, K., 71 bubonic plague, 76, 81, 86, 88, 97 Burrows, Edmund H., 2 Burton, Antoinette, 2

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Medicine and Colonialism East coast fever, 712 see also rinderpest East India Company, 12, 22, 160, 163 Echenberg, Myron, 6 Eden, Ashey, 137 Edgar, Robert, 144, 146 elites, 6, 1112, 14, 18, 20, 22, 50, 53 and patronage, 30 Engels, Dagmar, 1 English Law, 160, 165 epizootic, 613, 678, 72, 889, 99100, 104, 1067 see also veterinary services Ernst, Waltraud, 128, 144 European Law, 159 Fahmy, Khaled, 171 Fanon, Franz, 144 Farrell, H., 65 forceps, 11112, 11820, 1223 see also Simpson Forceps forensic medicine, 160 Fort William, 115

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dai (s), 7, 113, 11617, 1203, 125 see also Hindu midwives, 117 darogah, 1656 Deacon, Harriet, 1, 7 Dharmasastras, 163 Digby, Anne, 2 Dirks, Nicholas B., 20 Dr Alfred Bull, 114 Dr C. Palmer, 63 Dr Charles Porter, 79 Dr Clara Swain, 117 Dr Dodds, 151 Dr Fleetwood Churchill, 113 Dr Godfrey, 81 Dr J. Dougall, 134 Dr J. Reid, 134 Dr John Gregory, 90 Dr Bernard Fuller, 90 Dr Kedarnath Das, 112, 11819, 123 Dr Madhusudan Gupta, 112, 1157 Dr Nthato Motlan, 29 Dr William Elmslier, 117 Dr William Godfrey, 78 Dr William Stephenson, 123 Dum Dum bullets, 170 Dutch East India Company, 4, 41, 57, 160 Dutch laws, 160 dyarchy, 19 Haffkine, Waldemar, 86, 95, 97 Halbfass, Wilhelm, 20 Hallen, J. H. B., 64 Hankin, Ernst H., 1023 Harrison, Mark, 3, 54, 58 Hassan, Narin, 14, 16 Hastings, Warren, 164 herbal medicine, 51 Herschel, William, 169 Hindu College, 13 Hindu intellectuals, 18 and texts, 18, 99 Hirst, L. Fabian, 110, 1056, 102 Hodgson, Marshall G. S., 3 Hopkins, Donald R., 47

childbirth, 7, 113, 118, 1205 and medical intervention, 119 see also reproductive health cholera, 54, 63, 1056 Clarence-Smith, William G., 65 Clem, Sunter, 26 colonial asylum, 129, 1434, 1478, 1534 histories of, 1567 colonial psychiatry, 8, 12830, 136, 1401, 1447 convicts, 8, 12741, Coolie Location 7782, 89 Co-ordinating Committee for Traditional Health Practitioners, 35 Coroners Act, 170 Corpus, 161 Countess of Dufferins Fund, 15, 112, 118 Cranefield, P. F., 71 Criminal Tribes Act, 169 Cuvier, Georges, 53, 72

Gaudiya Sarvavidyayatana, 21 General Medical Council, 14 germ theory, 27, 71, 80, 101, 106, 110, 169 see also Plague Research Commission Ghosh, Durba, 1 Government of India Act, 20 Governmental Chemical Laboratory, 172 Govinda Sundari Ayurvedic College, 21 Gramsci, Antonio, 1

Index Horrox, Rosemary, 100 Hunter, William, 102 India Academy of Forensic Sciences, 170 Indian Evidence Act, 170 Indian medicine, 1516, 18, 22, 168 see also Ayurveda see also Unani Indian National Congress, 21 Indian Opinion, 923 Indian Penal Code, 170 Indian Plague Commission, 99102, 1045 Indian Science Congress, 20 indigenous healers, 26, 289, 314, 36, 38, 44 and AIDS, 35 Indigenous Knowledge Systems Centre, 35 indigenous medicine, 17, 28, 121 see also Ayurveda see also Unani Ingutsheni Asylum, 147 insanity, 128, 130, 132, 136, 149, 1535 International Congress of African Historians, 2 Jackson, Lynette, 130 Jacobs, Marisa, 26 Jeeves, Alan, 26 Jenner, Edward, 47 see also small pox Jones, William, 20 Journal of Hygiene, 102

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Laduries, Emmanuel LeRoy, 45 Lady Dufferin, 112 Laws of Manu, 163 legal medicine, 159, 161, 171 see also medical jurisprudence Leguat, Francis, 44 Locke, S., 22 London Vegetarian Society, 70, 72 Lopez, Abel Ricardo, 5 lunatic asylum archives, 157 lunatic asylums, 1289, 1401, 145, 154 lunatics, 128, 1314, 13740, 143, 148, 150 and legislation, 151 lying-in hospitals, 113 McCulloch, J. M., 144 McKittrick, Meredith, 130 MacLeod, Kenneth, M., 62 MacLeod, Roy, 72 Madhusudan Gupta 118 Major J. M. Woolley, 1278 makgoma, 34 Mallick, Manicklal, 69, 70 Mandela, Nelson, 25 Manu, 116 Laws of, 163 Maritzburg Town Council, 95 Marks, Shula, 1, 145 maternal health, 123 Medical College Hospital, 116 Medical education, 1214, 1617, 167 and reforms, 1314 see also Native Medical Institution medical jurisprudence, 159 Medical Registration Act, 14 Medical Research Council, 35 Medical Women for India Fund, 15 medico-legal laboratories, 174 medico-legal treatises, 161 middle class, 5, 1516, 18, 39, 62, 66, 702, 90, 94, 11415 see also elites midwifery, 7, 114, 11718, 1201, 123 and midwives, 50 see also dais Mills, James H., 12829, 144 Mills, James, 144 Miss Fanny Butler, 117

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Kapila, Shruti, 140 Kettner, Hans Jurgen, 57 Khanyile, Cyril, 35 Khoikhoi, 5, 41, 45, 46, 489, 549 and white settlers, 44 and public health, 49 Kilburn, 88 Klein, Ira, 4 Koch, Robert, 71, 81 kraals, 445, 489 see also Khoikhoi Ksatriyas, 163 Kuhn, Thomas, 100 Kwazulu-Natal Traditional Healers Council, 37

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Medicine and Colonialism Puranas, 72 purdah, 96 pardanashin, 118 Ramanna, Mridulla, 67 Ramasubban, Radhika, 4 Rattus rattus, 100, 107 Ray, Prafulla Chandra, 15, 19 Ray, Utsa, 67, 70 Reconstruction and Development Programme, 36 Regulating Act, 164 reproductive health, 11113, 11589, 1245 Riebeeck, Jan Van, 30 rinderpest, 61, 637, 68, 702 see also cattle disease Ripon College, 70 Ripon Hospital, 94 S. S. Kassala, 89 Sadowsky, Jonathan, 130, 1445 Samuel Kwadi Traditional Hospital, 37 sanitary reforms, 103 Sanskrit College, 115, 168 Sapire, Hilary, 144, 146 Sarda Act, 124 aria law, 1635 Satthianadhan, Krupabai, 15 Schuenemann,Verena, 108 Select Committee on the Treatment of Lunatics, 152 Sen, Chandra Kishore, 17 Sen, Satadru, 130 Sen, Kaviraj Chandra Kishore, 17 Shrewsbury, John F. D., 100, 107 Simond, Paul-Louis, 101 Simpson Forceps, 120 Simpson, James Young, 113 Simpson, W. J., 1023 Sir Edward Henry, 169 Sir Francis Galton, 169 Sirkar, Mahendralal, 16 Slack, Paul, 100 small pox, 41, 459, 53, 56 Snow, P. C. H., 94 Soman, Krishna, 7

Mitchell, Timothy, 73 Mitra, Kissory Chandra, 16 Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, 11, 19 Mughal empire, 160 Murti, G. Srinivas, 21 Nadar Mahajana Sangam, 17 Native Code (of 1928), 31 Native Doctors, 12 see also Native Medical Institution National Health Plan for South Africa, 36 National Health Service, 39 nationalism, 13, 18, 21, 160 and Ayurveda, 22 Native Medical Institution, 12, 30, 168 anatomical practices in, 13 abolition of, 13 Native Strangers Location Bill, 91 Naturopathy, 96 Ngwekezane Hospital, 35 panchayat, 163 Pandit Madhusudan Gupta, 168 Parle, Julie, 1446, 156 Parsis, 93 Pasteurella pestis, 89 pastoralists, 43 and medicine, 43 see also Khoikhoi plague science, 106 see also Plague Research Commission plague bacillus, 97, 1089 see also Yersinia pestis plague epidemic, 75, 78, 97 and pandemic 6, 100 see also plague science Plague Research Commission, 7, 95, 99101, 105, 106, 10810 plague vaccine, 95 see also Haffkine, Waldemar pneumonic plague, 757, 80, 84, 97, 104 Pritchard, Edward Evans, 29 Professional Herbal Preparation Association, 37 public health, 20, 22, 31, 46, 489, 62, 6970, 723, 96, 1245, 160, 169, 171, 1734 Public Health Acts, 173

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Index South African Medical and Dental Council, 32 South African Police Service, 173 Spencer, Herbert, 70 Stalkartt, John, 61 Stanford, Walter E., 90 Stoler, Ann, 144, 151 sugrihini, 114 sutikagriha, 116 swadeshi, 18 see also nationalism Swartz, Sally, 131 Swasthya Samachar, 69 syphilis, 33 Tait, Robert Lawson, 113 Tavernier, Jean-Baptiste, 43 Taylor, Sherman, 128 Thomas Babington Macaulay, 13, 165 Thomson, S. J., 99 Thomspon, J. Ashburton, 104 Thunberg, Carl, 41 Tortorici, Zeb, 7 Town Council, 823, 92, 95 traditional medicine, 121 see also Ayurveda see also Unani Tribedi, Ramendra Shundor, 70 Tutu, Desmond, 256 Twining, William, 54 typhus, 45 Unani, 5, 15, 18, 30, 123 Upanishads, 72 Vacaspati, Shyamadas, 21 vaids, 18, 72, 97 and vaidyas, 30 Valkenberg Lunatic Asylum, 145 Varier, P. S., 17 Vaughan, Megan, 130, 1446, 149 Vedas, 16, 72 veterinary education, 64 and veterinary services, 61, 723 see also epizootic Vincent, R. H., 86 Voelkar, J. A., 64 Waddington, Keir, 71 Warburton, Henry, 13 Weinstein, Barbara, 5 white insane, 146, 148, 152 Willis, C. S., 66 women missionaries, 117 Woolley, J. M., 1278, 131 Worboys, Michael, 71, 102 World Health Assembly, 36 World Health Organization, 27 Xenopsylla cheopsis, 100

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Yang, A. Anand, 129 Yersin, Alexandre 89 Yersinia pestis, 76, 89, 100, 105, 10810 Zande, 29 zenana, 113, 117 Zulu healers, 35

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