____ concentrates on the relationship between individual characteristics; ____ examines the relationships between institutional characteristics.

a. Microsociology; macrosociology b. Macrosociology; microsociology c. Metasociology; macrosociology d. Metasociology; microsociology e. Microsociology; mezosociology

a If the researcher and the respondent interpret a research question differently, there is a problem with

a. reliability. b. validity. c. deduction. d. accuracy. e. objectivity.

b Benjamin describes himself as a single male, a college student, and a son. Benjamin's self description illustrates which of the key functions of socialization? a. Socialization establishes our social identity. b. Socialization teaches us role taking. c. Socialization controls our behavior. d. Socialization transmits culture to the next generation.

e. none of these

a ____, who coined the term "sociology," is also known as the "father of sociology." a. Auguste Comte b. Emile Durkheim c. Karl Marx d. C. Wright Mills e. Max Weber

a ____ is often described as the "most influential social scientist who ever lived." a. Emile Durkheim b. Karl Marx c. Jane Addams d. Max Weber e. C. Wright Mills

b Which theorist is associated with the "looking-glass self?" a. Charles Horton Cooley b. Erving Goffman c. Harry Harlow d. George Herbert Mead e. Margaret Mead

a Mead called the part of the self that is socialized the a. "me." b. "I." c. id. d. ego. e. role.

a ____ is the lifelong process of social interaction in which an individual acquires a social identify. a. The generalized other b. The looking-glass self c. Socialization d. Resocialization e. The sense of self

c One of the intended purposes of the mass incarceration in the United States is punishment of crime. This is a/n ____ of incarceration. a. intentional function b. beneficial function c. manifest function d. latent function e. dysfunction

c Maggie's parents clap and cheer every time she uses the potty "like a big girl." According to social learning theories, this is an example of ____ learning. a. primary b. indirect c. direct d. constant e. gendered

c ____ is a statement of a relationship between two or more variables. a. Validity b. A hypothesis c. Reliability d. An independent relationship e. The scientific method

b Using a sociological perspective encourages a. accepting conventional ideas b. challenging common sense myths and misconceptions c. seeing society as unpredictable d. people to become happier e. all of these are correct

Markus hypothesizes that unemployment increases the risk of poverty among women. In his project, ____ is the independent variable and ____ is the dependent variable. a. unemployment; poverty b. poverty; unemployment c. gender, unemployment d. gender; poverty e. poverty; gender

a Barney, a junior, was interested in studying the study habits of college freshman. To better understand this issue, Barney joined a number of study groups designed for freshman-level courses at his college. Barney is using which data collection method? a. secondary analysis b. evaluation research c. survey d. experiment e. field research

e Kevin views society as a system of interrelated parts, while Patrick views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Kevin would be considered a ____ theorist and Patrick would be seen as a ____ theorist. a. symbolic interactionist; functionalist b. conflict; functionalist c. functionalist; symbolic interactionist d. functionalist; conflict e. conflict; symbolic interactionist

d Tony's parents put him in "time-out" each time he colors on the walls. According to social learning theories, this is an example of ____ learning. a. primary b. indirect c. direct d. constant e. gendered

e In 1998, the University of Wisconsin collected data on means of transportation to work. In 2008, Betsy (a University of Minnesota student) used the data for her own project. Betsy is using which data collection method? a. secondary analysis b. evaluation research c. survey d. experiment e. field research

a When Aaron went to daycare, he observed that his peers did not get punished for hitting and kicking the other kids. According to social learning theories, this is an example of ____ learning. a. primary b. indirect c. direct d. constant

e. gendered

b Andrew was born to a single mother. He started preschool at age 4 and finished high school at age 18. Andrew attended college and then got his first job when he was 23. Andrew was married at age 25 and had two children by age 31. Andrew retired at 67 and died at age 82. When did Andrew's socialization begin? a. At birth b. Age 4 c. Age 18 d. Age 25 e. Age 82

a Frank understands that he must attend his driver's education classes. If he does not, he will not pass the driving test and will not be allowed to drive. This is an illustration of which of the key functions of socialization? a. Socialization establishes our social identity. b. Socialization teaches us role taking. c. Socialization controls our behavior. d. Socialization transmits culture to the next generation. e. none of these

b Which theorist is associated with the concepts of "me" and "I?" a. Charles Horton Cooley b. Erving Goffman

c. Harry Harlow d. George Herbert Mead e. Margaret Mead

d Gretchen is conducting a research project and is interviewing respondents about their fertility history. On the first day her respondent says that she has had three children. However, the next day, the respondent reports that she has only two children. This is an example of a problem with a. validity. b. reliability. c. hypotheses. d. variables. e. methods.

b This early sociologist helped to found the NAACP and was himself a prominent Black sociologist. a. W.E.B. DuBois b. Booker T. Washington c. Jesse Martin d. Donald Black e. George Herbert Mead

a Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of correlation and causation in social research? a. The terms "correlation" and "causation" can be used interchangeably. b. Correlation and causation are mutually exclusive terms.

c. Social research does not address issues of causation. d. Social research does not address issues of correlation. e. Sociologists can only predict death with relative certainty.

c Because it is typically too expensive and too time consuming, researchers often select a/n ____, a group of people that are representative of the larger population. a. independent variable b. dependent variable c. hypothesis d. section e. sample

e Which of the following is not one of the major strengths of survey research? a. Surveys are inexpensive. b. Surveys are often anonymous. c. Surveys are simple to administer. d. Surveys have very high response rates. e. Surveys are fast.

d Biologists focus on the role of ____ in human development. Sociologists focus on the role of ____ in human development. a. internalization; socialization b. institutionalization; internalization

c. internalization; institutionalization d. socialization; heredity e. heredity; socialization

e Troy encourages his daughters to work hard and rewards their work with complements and occasional gifts. Troy's parenting style is a. authoritarian. b. authoritative. c. permissive. d. uninvolved. e. maternal.

b Allison was walking through the park and noticed that some people continually turned to watch her walk by. She thought, "People must think I'm fat." Allison is in which of Cooley's stages? a. Phase 1: perception b. Phase 2: interpretation c. Phase 3: response d. Phase 4: reflection e. none of these

b Which of the following are not primary agents of socialization? a. parents b. peers

c. teachers d. media e. sports

c David is scientifically studying how teachers and students interact within high school classrooms. David is a/n a. historian. b. economist. c. sociologist. d. political scientist. e. social worker.

c Which of the following statements best exemplifies conflict theory? a. Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion. b. Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change. c. Gender inequality is the major source in inequality in society. d. People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others. e. None of these exemplifies the conflict theory.

b Which of the following statements best exemplifies functionalist theory? a. Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion. b. Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change.

c. Gender inequality is the major source in inequality in society. d. People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others. e. None of these exemplifies the functionalist theory.

a Barry enjoys watching football with his son. When his son asked him permission to go to a game, Barry replied, "Sure, whatever." Barry's parenting style is a. authoritarian. b. authoritative. c. permissive. d. uninvolved. e. maternal.

d Which of the following is the appropriate order of Cooley's phases of the "looking-glass self?" a. perception, interpretation, response b. perception, response, interpretation c. perception, initiation, response d. preparatory, play, game e. play, game, preparatory

a ____ is the degree to which a measure actually measures what you intended it to measure. a. Reliability b. Hypothesis c. Deduction

d. Induction e. Validity

e Teresa's children do not have a curfew and have few house rules. Teresa's parenting style is a. authoritarian. b. authoritative. c. permissive. d. uninvolved. e. maternal.

c Caitlin behaves and interacts differently with her boyfriend than she does with her girlfriends. This is an illustration of which of the key functions of socialization? a. Socialization establishes our social identity. b. Socialization teaches us role taking. c. Socialization controls our behavior. d. Socialization transmits culture to the next generation. e. none of these

b Travis has struggled with his school work for several years. Now that he has started high school, Travis believes that his teachers will judge him from his past work. Travis is in which of Cooley's stages? a. Phase 1: perception b. Phase 2: interpretation c. Phase 3: response

d. Phase 4: reflection e. none of these

a A ____ is any well-defined group of people about whom researchers want to know something. a. probability sample b. nonprobability sample c. population d. hypothesis e. sample

c Sociology is just common sense.(true or false)

false Functionalists ask, "How do social institutions contribute to society?"(true or false)

true In the United States, suicide rates are higher among women than men.(true or false)

True

is a social process through which individuals and groups acquire and exercise power.

Politics

Teresa's children do not have a curfew and have few house rules. Teresa's parenting style is

permissive According to Weber, the task of a teacher is to

provide students with knowledge and scientific knowledge Generally, the Internet has

increased our interactions with family and friends. Unlike functionalist and conflict theories, symbolic interactionism is a _____-level theory.

micro George is preparing his lecture for his next class. He is in his office with the door closed. He has the textbook open and is writing notes quickly. George is in the _____.

back stage _____ coined the term "power elite" to refer to a pyramid of power that characterizes American democracy.

C. Wright Mills Research indicates that the likelihood of women worldwide being victims of physical abuse varies higher in some countries than in others. This finding suggests that sociobiology

is questionable. By using _____, social scientists found that the programmatic effects of the DARE program were insignificant (i.e., students who completed the DARE program were no less likely to use drugs than students who did not complete the program).

evaluation research Riley is studying gendered stereotypes in an organization. Riley is a/n

feminist theorist Some critics believe that the poverty line is unrealistically low. Which of the following is not one of their arguments?

Estimates do not take into account the value of noncash benefits, such as food stamps or Medicaid. Which theorist introduced dramaturgical analysis to examine social interaction?

Erving Goffman Biologists focus on the role of _____ in human development. Sociologists focus on the role of _____ in human development.

heredity; socialization For a family of four, the poverty line in 2008 was

$21, 834 Each status is associated with one or more _____.

Roles Symbolic interactionists typically use two methodological tools in understanding everyday interaction:

ethnomethodology and dramaturgical analysis C. Wright Mills introduced the concept of the "sociological imagination." He used this term to describe the connection between

history and biography. Which of the following statements is not true?

Content analysis is expensive, but very useful for historical data. Which research approach is most common among sociologists?

They are equally common. In 2008, among 25 to 34 year olds living with their parents,

the majority were men Almost _____ million Americans are likely to experience homelessness in a given year.

4.0 Abigail wants to be a nurse after she graduates from college. She has joined the Young Nurses Club on campus and volunteers at Community Hospital after class. For Abigail, nurses are a/n

reference group _____ poverty is not having enough money to maintain an average standard of living.

Relative A carefully controlled artificial situation that allows researchers to manipulate variables and measure their effects is called a/n

experiment Most sociologists would agree with which of the following statements?

Nature affects human development, but nurture is more significant Identify which social class the following description illustrates: This social class is more diverse than those above it. Individuals in this social class generally earned their wealth and are called nouveau riche.

lower-upper class Which of the following is not a stage in the research process?

manipulating the data Julia discovered a new bone in the monkey skeleton by chance. This is an example of the

serendipity effect The _____ organizes a society's distribution of goods and services.

economy Your sociology class this semester is an example of a/n

secondary group Andrew was born to a single mother. He started preschool at age 4 and finished high school at age 18. Andrew attended college and then got his first job when he was 23. Andrew was married at age 25 and had two children by age 31. Andrew retired at 67 and died at age 82. When did Andrew's socialization begin?

At birth Social learning theories suggest that children (in most cases) can be influenced by both _____ and _____ learning.

direct; indirect Which of the following groups is most likely to be homeless?

single men Political freedom studies examine

None of the above is a good single measure of political freedom "Men are more aggressive than women because of their biology." This statement illustrates which scientific explanation of human behavior?

sociobiology When people enter military boot camp they are expected to radically change themselves physically, mentally, and emotionally. This is an example of which kind of socialization?

resocialization Herbert Gans suggested that poverty and inequality serve many functions for society. Which of the following is not one of those functions?

The poor serve the middle and upper classes in their homes and schools. Status inconsistencies refer to

the conflict that arises from occupying social positions that are ranked differently. Social interaction is

the process by which we act toward and react to people around us. ____ combine(s) online games with advertising.

Advergaming The Johnson family cannot afford to buy food for their children. The Johnson family is living in

absolute poverty Dale, a realtor, was preparing a new home for an open house. He cleaned the house from top to bottom and put fresh flowers around the house. Which of Goffman's expressive resources was Dale controlling?

setting Marlin is a 33 year-old male and an avid swimmer. He has competed in several national championships. Marlin is also the father of three young children, and is married to Peggy, a computer engineer. Marlin and Peggy live in the suburbs and own a nice home. Marlin's gender is an example of a/n _____ status

ascribed Which of the following is not a principle of democracy?

All of the above are characteristics of democracy. The term "_____" is often used by Americans to refer to activities such as reading Shakespeare's sonnets, gourmet dining, and attending the opera.

culture According to _____, when an organization operates rationally and effectively, workers cooperate and maintain the organization's stability and continuity.

functionalists Carmen and her family moved to the United States when she was six. At their family home, Carmen and her family spoke Spanish and celebrated Mexican holidays. However, Carmen attended an Englishspeaking school and participated in American sports on the weekends. This is an example of

cultural integration. Which of the following groups was the most likely to vote during the 2008 presidential election?

Married and college educated Zimbardo's and Milgram's research violated which of the following ethical guidelines?

must not harm, humiliate or abuse participants In 2008, approximately _____ percent of poor families were "severely poor."

43 _____ rely on both macro and micro level factors to explain the dynamics within groups and organizations

Feminist theorists In the late 19th and early 20th century, which of the following changes occurred regarding children and adolescence

All of the above changes occurred. _____ is a political system in which the state controls the lives of its citizens but generally permits some degree of individual freedom.

Authoritarianism "Women are generally excluded from the most important political positions." This statement reflects which sociological perspective of political power?

feminist

_____ are voluntary and organized associations of people that attempt to influence public policy and policymakers on particular issues.

Special-interest groups Euphemisms, gobbledygook, and inflated language are examples of

doublespeak Which of the following is not one of the social classes that Marx identified?

communists The _____ is the minimum level of income that the federal government considers necessary for basic subsistence.

poverty line In the United States, eye contact is a vital component of communication. In Japan, eye contact is

discouraged The United Nations classified countries into three categories: low, middle and high income countries. Central and East African countries are examples of _____ income countries.

low Aidan is studying why some organizations are more effective than others. Aidan is a/n

functionalist Critics of the _____model contend that women's focus on single issues dilutes their mobilization within a political party and decreases their power.

feminist Which of the following theorists is not a symbolic interactionist?

Harry Harlow Military boot camps, mental hospitals, prisons and concentration camps are examples of

total institutions According to Durkheim, _____ are measurable aspects of social life, external to the individual.

social facts _____ studies how people construct and learn to share definitions of reality.

Ethnomethodology Socialization begins

birth Every ten years, the U.S. Census Bureau mails forms to every home in the United States to collect federally mandated data. The Census Bureau is using which of the following data collection methods?

survey With more than two million prisons, the U.S. prison system employs large numbers of workers and contributes to many independent and private contracts. This is a/n _____ of incarceration

latent function While we occupy a status, we _____ a role.

play Which of the following is not a primary agent of socialization?

sports According to recent research approximately _____ percent of individuals with less than a high school education use the Internet.

39 Thomas studies eating patterns within families. Thomas is a _____-sociologist

micro The invention of the car has influenced which of the following aspects of nonmaterial culture?

all of the above In industrial societies, adolescence is _____; in developing countries, adolescence is

prolonged; quickened Murray describes his sampling technique, the sample size, and the characteristics of the respondents in his study. Murray is engaging in which stage of the research process?

describing the data collection methods Gender, age and ethnicity are examples of

ascribed statuses and master statuses According to George Herbert Mead, in the play stage children learn how to perform a role they don't yet occupy. Mead referred to this process as

anticipatory socialization Which of the following statements is true regarding correlation and causation in social research?

Social research does not address issues of causation. Which of the following represent the golden rules of ethical research?

do no harm, informed consent, confidentiality Identify which social class the following description illustrates: This social class experiences high debts and credit card bills. Many people in this social class see their jobs as boring and routine.

working class Genetically informed sociologists maintain that

research that combines genetics and socialization can enhance our understanding of how the environment affects genetic predisposition The Tucker family is living on less than ____ of the federal poverty line. They are considered "severely poor" by the U.S. Census Bureau.

50% The total dollar value of volunteer time in 2009 was

300 billion Children who are praised are more likely to develop a strong self-image than those who are always criticized. This statement best exemplifies which theory of socialization?

social Learning When Henry Ford produced the Model T, he

took someone else's invention and created an automobile. The pluralist model of explaining politics stems from which major theoretical perspective?

functionalist Marlin is a 33 year-old male and an avid swimmer. He has competed in several national championships. Marlin is also the father of three young children, and is married to Peggy, a computer engineer. Marlin and Peggy live in the suburbs and own a nice home. Which of the following is not an example of Marlin's achieved status?

Marlin is 33 years old Which of the following is not one of Goffman's types of expressive resources

social Which of the following is not one of the major strengths of survey research?

Surveys have very high response rates _____, who was critical of the system of slavery, was a pioneering feminist.

Harriet Martineau One approach to examining the relationship between variables begins with observations and ends with theory. This approach is called

inductive reasoning People create and reinforce stratification. This statement best represents which theoretical perspective?

symbolic interactionist

In a hallway, most people walk on the right side, allowing others to pass as needed. This is an example of a

norm _____ authority is most common in nonindustrialized societies.

traditional Which of the following statements is best associated with Cooley's "looking-glass self?"

Children acquire a sense of self through their interactions with others and interpretations of how others view them. Out of 163 countries around the world that hold elections, the United States ranks _____ in voter turnout, with about half of U.S. citizens voting.

140 Adrian, from the time he was born, began learning how to think and behave effectively in society. He learned language, norms, and values first from his parents and then from his peers. Adrian went through a process of

socialization Travis has struggled with his school work for several years. Now that he has started high school, Travis believes that his teachers will judge him from his past work. Travis is in which of Cooley's stages?

Phase 2: interpretation _____ includes the norms, values and beliefs that people say they hold.

Ideal culture

The textbook identifies several major micro-level perspectives in understanding social interaction. Which of the following is not one of these perspectives

functionalist theory Single-mother families are most likely to be poor than married-couple families because of

increases in divorce and unmarried childbearing During decision-making tasks, _____; during conversations about work or children, _____.

men are more talkative than women; women are more talkative than men. In the U.S., the top one percent of U.S. households has _____ of all wealth and _____ of all income.

35%; 43% India outlawed the caste system in _____, but caste divisions are still deeply embedded in the culture.

1949 As a discipline, sociology promotes

cultural relativism _____ statuses are those that we cannot change, control or choose.

ascribed In this system of closed social stratification, some individuals own other individuals

slavery

Noah is studying social class. He is asking individuals to identify the social classes within their own neighborhood. Which approach is Noah using to measure social class?

the reputational approach According to _____, people rule through pluralism.

functionalism According to feminist theorists, women hit _____, organizational biases that prevent them from achieving the highest leadership positions.

a glass ceiling _____ tend to overstate stability and ignore worker dissatisfaction and alienation

Functionalists Which of the following statements is not true?

Primary groups are highly structured Tax dollars should be used to fund students attending private schools." This statement reflects the views of which political party?

republican One approach to examining the relationship between variables begins with theory and is tested through data collection. This approach is called

deductive reasoning Robert and Kendra are studying the effects of alcohol on car accidents among teenagers. In this example, _____ is the independent variable and _____ is the dependent variable.

alcohol; car accidents Some recent studies have concluded that

there is no evidence that watching television causes violence. Which political party is the most likely to fight for pork barrel money?

both Republicans and Democrats Several recent studies have found that the racial difference in medical care is largely a result of African American patients'

interaction with physicians Which of the following data collection methods are most susceptible to ethical violations?

field research Liz runs on the track team. She is a sociology major and has three roommates. Liz has two sisters and one brother. Liz enjoys watching movies and swimming. Which of the following is Liz's master status

female Which of the following is not a component of Ritzer's "McDonaldization" of society?

creativity _____ assert that organizations are based on power differentials.

Conflict theorists Members of Congress, lobbyists, interest groups, and the media represent the _____, according to Mills.

middle level of power If Kyle holds up two fingers in the peace sign, he is using which of the following

symbols Human development is fairly fixed." This statement is an example of which side of the nature/nurture debate?

The statement is an example of the nature side of the debate. Like the rest of her teammates, Sarah participates in a team rally before each game. This is an example of

culture Violation of a _____ is punishable by a political authority.

law A voluntary association is a formal organization that is

created by people who share a common set of interests and who do not get paid for their participation. Barry enjoys watching football with his son. When his son asked him permission to go to a game, Barry replied, "Sure, whatever." Barry's parenting style is

permissive The view that people attach subjective meanings to their actions is a hallmark of which theory?

symbolic interactionism

Which one of the following sociological perspectives is often criticized for overlooking diversity and social change in explaining culture?

functionalism Which of the following is not one of the effective tactics used by special-interest groups

protesting Which of the following is not an accurate sociological statement about culture?

Culture is similar across cultures Karl Marx argued that capitalism benefits the rich and that society would ultimately be reduced to just two classes: _____ and _____.

bourgeoisie; proletariat Carter is a full-time college student and works at a factory 30 hours each week. Carter is likely experiencing

role conflict Hugs, smiles, gifts, and praise are examples of

positive sanctions According to conflict theorists, which of the following is not considered to be a key source of economic inequality

None of the above - they are all considered to be key sources of economic inequality Sociology is important in your everyday life because it

All of the above Sociological research is important in our everyday lives because it

creates new knowledge. According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, where are active hate groups concentrated?

in southeastern United States The respect, recognition, or regard attached to a social position is called

prestige When Michael and Wendy got married, they exchanged wedding rings and vows as _____ of their commitment to one another.

sumbols _____ refers to people's intended and recognized activities in a society.

Manifest functions This early sociologist published extensively in the United States on topics such as social disorganization, immigration, and urban neighborhoods.

jane addams Jane Addams was largely ignored by her colleagues at the University of Chicago because

gender discrimination was rampant Social class affects all aspects of our lives. Max Weber termed the consequences of social stratification

life chances Rick thinks that the students in his class do not like him. Because of this, Rick will not attend the school dance. Rick is in which of Cooley's stages?

Phase 3: response Sociologists are calling for a "_____," suggesting that the nature/nurture debate is becoming outdated.

genetically informed sociology

Using a sociological perspective encourages

accepting conventional ideas. challenging common sense, myths, and misconceptions. seeing society as unpredictable. people to become happier. all of the above are correct.

challenging common sense, myths, and misconceptions. Bill is a sociologist who studies poverty. He understands that an individual's poverty status is the result of larger economic situations and unemployment rates in the local community rather than the individual's personal problem. Bill is utilizing his

macrosociology. microsociology. research methodology. common sense.

sociological imagination.

sociological imagination. _____, who coined the term "sociology," is also known as the "father of sociology."

Auguste Comte Emile Durkheim Karl Marx C. Wright Mills Max Weber

Auguste Comte Emile Durkheim, in his studies of suicide, found that _____, and concluded that _____ accounted for the variation in suicide rates.

males are more likely than females to commit suicide; social structure

females are more likely than males to commit suicide; social structure

males are more likely than females to commit suicide; social integration

females are more likely than males to commit suicide; social integration

none of the above

males are more likely than females to commit suicide; social integration

Which of the following major historical events strongly influenced Karl Marx?

The Enlightenment Discovery of the New World The French Revolution The Industrial Revolution World War I

The Industrial Revolution Karl Marx believed that the key element in understanding human history and social change is to understand

family and its functions. the role of education. class conflict. the importance of religion. social organization.

class conflict Unlike Marx, _____ focused on social organization, rather than the economy, to explain society.

Addams Comte Durkheim Martineau Weber

Weber This early sociologist helped to found the NAACP and was himself a prominent Black sociologist.

W.E.B. DuBois Booker T. Washington Jesse Martin Donald Black George Herbert Mead

W.E.B. DuBois Which of the following statements best exemplifies functionalist theory?

Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion.

Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change.

Gender inequality is the major source in inequality in society.

People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others.

None of the above exemplifies the functionalist theory.

Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion. Which of the following statements best exemplifies conflict theory?

Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change. Which of the following statements best exemplifies symbolic interactionist theory?

Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion.

Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change.

Gender inequality is the major source in inequality in society.

People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others.

None of the above exemplifies the symbolic interactionist theory

People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others. Which of the following is true regarding social research being value free?

Social researchers must be value free from topic selection through the interpretation of data.

Social researchers always aim for being value free, but if they fail to meet that standard it is not such a big deal.

Although the topic selection may be subjective, the research must maintain objectivity when collecting, analyzing and interpreting data.

All of the above are true about social research.

None of the above is true about social research.

Although the topic selection may be subjective, the research must maintain objectivity when collecting, analyzing and interpreting data. In her research project, Megan is measuring age, gender, GPA, and study habits. Age, gender, GPA and study habits are examples of

social inequality. variables. characteristics. assets. social issues.

variables Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of the scientific method?

Literature review, topic selection, formulate hypothesis, collect data, analyze results

Topic selection, collect data, analyze results, literature review, analyze results

Literature review, collect data, formulate hypothesis, analyze results

Topic selection, formulate hypothesis, collect data, analyze results, present findings

Topic selection, literature review, formulate hypothesis, collect data, analyze results

Topic selection, literature review, formulate hypothesis, collect data, analyze results Joanna is conducting a research project that examines whether parent's income impacts a child's choice of college. Joanna thinks that parents who make a lot of money will have children who will attend private schools and parents who make little money will have children who will attend public schools. "Parent's income" is the _____ in Joanna's

project. validity reliability hypothesis independent variable dependent variable

independent variable Gretchen is conducting a research project and is interviewing respondents about their fertility history. On the first day her respondent says that she has had three children. However, the next day, the respondent reports that she has only two children. This is an example of a problem with

validity. reliability. hypotheses. variables. methods.

reliability

If the researcher and the respondent interpret a research question differently, there is a problem with

reliability. validity. deduction. accuracy. objectivity.

validity Ryan is examining children's books as part of a research project on gender images in the media. Ryan is using which of the following research approaches?

quantitative research qualitative research deductive research inductive research none of the above

qualitative research Every ten years, the U.S. Census Bureau mails forms to every home in the United States to collect federally mandated data. The Census Bureau is using which of the following data collection methods?

secondary analysis field research experiment survey

evaluation research

survey Connor is reviewing birth and death certificates for persons living in Jefferson County. Connor is using which data collection method?

survey evaluation research secondary analysis experiment field research

secondary analysis Marcus used a deductive approach to examine the relationship between two variables. Which of the following best represents a deductive approach?

theory --> hypothesis --> observation --> confirmation or rejection of hypothesis

theory --> observation --> hypothesis --> confirmation or rejection of hypothesis

observation --> theory --> hypothesis --> confirmation or rejection of hypothesis

hypothesis --> confirmation or rejection of hypothesis --> theory --> observation

hypothesis --> confirmation or rejection of hypothesis --> observation --> theory

theory --> hypothesis --> observation --> confirmation or rejection of hypothesis For sociologists, culture refers to which of the following?

values beliefs behaviors all of the above

values beliefs behaviors Symbols, values, norms and beliefs are

examples ofcultural boundaries. nonmaterial culture. material culture. primitive culture. subversive culture.

nonmaterial culture A stop sign, a wedding dress, and a handshake are examples of

mores. transitions. symbols.

signs. culture.

symbols _____ are the standards by which members of a particular culture define what is good or bad, moral or immoral, desirable or undesirable.

Languages Norms Mores Values Sanctions

values Norms that members of society look upon as not being critical and that may be broken without severe punishment are

folkways. mores. laws. sanctions. rules.

folkways According to our textbook, marriage, medicine, and modesty are examples of George Murdock's

cultural changes. cultural differences. cultural universals. cultural competencies. cultural variations.

cultural universals _____ is the belief that one's culture and way of life are superior to those of other groups.

Counterculturism Subculturism Superculturism Ethnocentrism Cultural relativism

ethnocentrism _____ is recognizing that no culture is better than another and that a culture should be judged by its own standards.

Darwinism Ethnocentrism Cultural relativism Subculturism Multiculturalism

cultural relativism

_____ refers to the coexistence of many cultures in the same geographic area, without any one culture dominating another.

Ethnocentism Cultural relativism Multiculturalism Metaculturalism Popular culture

multiculturalism Which of the following statements best exemplifies the functionalist perspective on culture?

Norms and values unify a society and promote social stability.

Culture creates inequality because those in power control the media, education, and the political structures of a society.

Material culture, especially the media, creates inequalities specifically for women.

Cultural symbols allow societies to develop identities and interact with one another.

none of the above

Norms and values unify a society and promote social stability. Which of the following statements best exemplifies the conflict perspective on culture?

Norms and values unify a society and promote social stability.

Culture creates inequality because those in power control the media, education, and the political structures of a society.

Material culture, especially the media, creates inequalities specifically for women.

Cultural symbols allow societies to develop identities and interact with one another.

none of the above

Culture creates inequality because those in power control the media, education, and the political structures of a society. Adrian, from the time he was born, began learning how to think and behave effectively in society. He learned language, norms, and values first from his parents and then from his peers. Adrian went through a process of learning. socialization. culture. resocialization. nurturing.

socialization Socialization controls behavior because of

sociobiology integration

institutionalization internalization nurture

internalization Dr. Harry Harlows' experiments with infant monkeys concluded that

orphaned monkeys needed more attention than those with mothers.

biology affects behavior.

nourishment was more important than warmth and comfort.

warmth and comfort were more important than nourishment.

none of the above

warmth and comfort were more important than nourishment. In terms of nature vs. nurture argument, most sociologists would agree with which of the following statements? Nature's influence on human development is constant; nurture's influence fluctuates over the life course.

Nature can explain all human behavior.

Nurture can explain all human behavior.

Nurture affects human development, but nature is more significant.

Nature affects human development, but nurture is more significant.

Nature affects human development, but nurture is more significant. Which of the following theoretical approaches is most commonly used to understand socialization?

functionalism conflict feminist symbolic interactionism None of the above are used to understand socialization.

symbolic interactionism Which of the following is the appropriate order of Cooley's phases of the "looking-glass self?"

perception, interpretation, response perception, response, interpretation perception, initiation, response preparatory, play, game play, game, preparatory

perception, interpretation, response According to George Herbert Mead, children learn to take the role of important people in their lives, especially parents, as they model themselves after them. Mead referred to these important people as

role models looking-glass models significant others the generalized other authority figures

significant others Tasha is preparing for her first date with Bobby. She is very excited because Bobby is the captain of the football team. Before the date, she showers, applies make-up, and buys an expensive new outfit. Tasha's preparation is an example of Goffman's

imitation stage. the self. impression management. setting control. manner.

impression management Troy encourages his daughters to work hard and rewards their work with complements and occasional gifts. Troy's parenting style is

authoritarian. authoritative. permissive. uninvolved. maternal.

authoritative _____ is the process of unlearning old ways of doing things and adopting new norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors.

The self-fulfilling prophecy Resocialization Socialization The "looking-glass self" Anticipatory socialization

re-socialization In the article "The Sociological Imagination" by C. Wright Mills, the sociological perspective is

how biology influence human lives.

how natural environment influence human lives.

how social and historical structures influence human lives.

None of the above.

how social and historical structures influence human lives. The main idea of Peter Berger's article "Invitation to Sociology: A Humanistic Perspective" is that the beauty of sociology is to unmask the taken-for-granted common beliefs about social reality.

true false

true The major research method in article "Between Good and Ghetto: African American Girls and Inner-City Violence" by Nikki Jones is:

survey interview field work participant observation

participant observation Which of the following is (are) main findings in the article "Romantic Relationships from Adolescence to Young Adulthood" by Ann Meier and Gina Allen?

nearly two-thirds of adolescents have some romantic relationship experience.

there is differences in adolescents relationship experiences by race.

both a and b are correct.

none of the above is correct.

nearly two-thirds of adolescents have some romantic relationship experience. there is differences in adolescents relationship experiences by race.

In the article "Gamers, Hackers, and Facebook --- Computer Cultures, Virtual Community, and Postmodern Identity", the author Ross Haenfler regards cyberspace interactions as a subculture.

true false

true What concepts from Chapter 3 - Culture can we apply in the article "Global Culture" by Manfred Steger?

Globalization Cultural infusion Cultural imperialism All of the above.

Globalization Cultural infusion Cultural imperialism In the article "Leaving Home for College: Expectations for Selective Reconstruction of Self" is a process of ______.

primary socialization role taking looking glass self adulthood socialization

adulthood socialization

The main idea in article "Gender and Ageism" by Laurie Hatch is ______

if you are a woman and old, you experience the most prejudice.

if you are a man and old, you experience the most prejudice.

if you are a woman and young, you experience the most prejudice.

if you are a man and young, you experience the most prejudice.

if you are a woman and old, you experience the most prejudice. Which of the following is not one of the key characteristics of social interaction?

Social interaction is central to all human social activity.

People respond to a situation differently depending on what they think is at stake for them.

Social interaction is similar across time and place.

People influence each other's behavior through interaction.

Elements of social structure affect all interaction and can produce different personal outcomes.

Social interaction is similar across time and place. _____ is an organized pattern of behavior that governs people's relationships.

Social interaction Social structure Status Master status Role

social structure Keri is a mother, a parole officer, and a softball player. These positions make up Keri's

role set. status set. master statuses achieved statuses. ascribed statuses.

status set _____ statuses are those that we cannot change, control or choose.

Master Achieved Ascribed Role Social

ascribed _____ statuses are those that we can change, control or choose through effort or actions.

Master Achieved Ascribed Role Social

achieved _____ are the behaviors expected of people who have a particular status.

Role sets Status sets Roles Symbols Signals

roles Cameron was scheduled to work on Thursday from 9:00am until 3:00pm. His sociology final was scheduled for 2:00 pm. Cameron was likely experiencing

role sets. role strain. role conflict. role sprain.

role tension.

role conflict "Human reality is socially constructed reality." This statement best matches which of the theories explaining social interaction?

symbolic interaction social exchange feminist theories functionalist social learning

symbolic interation _____ suggests that any social interaction between two people is based on each person's trying to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs.

Dramaturgical analysis Symbolic interactionism Feminist theory Social exchange theory Ethnomethodology

social exchange theory "Interaction often involves a dominant-subordinate relationship." This statement best matches which of the theories explaining social interaction?

symbolic interaction

social exchange feminist theories functionalist social learning

feminist theories Timothy and Kiley were asked to violate a norm by their sociology professor. They choose to go to the mall and use the up-escalator to go down and the down-escalator to go up. They watched the reactions of others and wrote a paper describing the experience. Which methodological tool were Timothy and Kiley using?

dramaturgical analysis secondary analysis participant observation conduct testing ethnomethodology

ethnomethodology "Actions speak louder than words." This statement represents which concept of social interaction?

dramaturgical analysis ethnomethodology nonverbal communication silence facial expressions

nonverbal communication

In As You Like It, Shakespeare wrote that "All the world is a stage and all the men and women merely players." This illustrates which concept?

self-fulfilling prophecy Thomas theorem dramaturgical analysis social construction of reality ethnomethodology

dramaturgical analysis Which of the following is not a criterion of a social group?

persons who interact with one another

persons who share a common identity

persons who share a sense of belonging

None of the above are characteristics of a social group.

All of the above are criteria of a social group.

persons who interact with one another persons who share a common identity persons who share a sense of belonging None of the above are characteristics of a social group.

All of the above are criteria of a social group. _____ groups meet our expressive (or emotional) needs; _____ groups meet our instrumental (or taskoriented) needs.

In; out Out; in Secondary; primary Primary; secondary Primary; in

primary; secondary _____ are those that share a sense of identity and exclude and devalue outsiders.

In-groups Out-groups Primary groups Secondary groups Reference groups

in-groups _____ are those people who are viewed and treated negatively because they are seen as being different.

In-groups Out-groups Primary groups

Secondary groups Reference groups

out-groups A/n _____ is a group that shapes our behavior, values and attitudes, and influences who we'd like to be in the future.

in-group out-group primary group secondary group reference group

reference group Asch's studies, in which subjects were asked to match lines on cards, showed that

people tend to see most things differently.

people often lie to those who have authority.

group membership generates conformity.

leaders compete for power in social groups.

All of the above are correct.

group membership generates conformity Groupthink is

choosing the path of least resistance when working with others.

attempting to persuade others to agree with you.

a software program that predicts group behavior.

a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment that results from in-group pressures.

a decision-making process where an individual weighs group decisions against his/her own before making a decision.

a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment that results from in-group pressures. f. a decision-making process where an individual weighs group decisions against his/her own before making a decision. _____ are webs of social ties that link individuals to one another.

Social muddles Social networks Social systems Social interactions Social organisms

social networks

A _____ is a complex and structured secondary group that is deliberately created to achieve a specific goal in an efficient manner.

primary group secondary group formal group formal organization primary organization

formal organization A _____ is a formal organization that is designed to accomplish goals and tasks by large numbers of people.

voluntary association formal association bureaucracy government civil organization

bureaucracy At the Barkley Company, there are forty employees. Addison is the President and CEO. Below her, Jack and Ross, are managers. The thirty-seven others work below the managers in the storeroom or on the show floor. Which of Weber's ideal characteristics does this exemplify?

high degree of division of labor and specialization

hierarchy of authority

explicit written rules and regulations

impersonality

qualification based employment

hierarchy of authority In applying to three colleges, Layla spent several days completing nearly identical forms. Each asked for her high school grades, roommate preferences, and parent's financial status. This is an example of which of the shortcomings of bureaucracies?

a weak reward system

bureaucratic ritualism

alienation

Parkinson's Law

Peter Principle

bureaucratic ritualism Income, status and other rewards allow some owners and managers to exploit workers. This statement exemplifies which major theoretical perspective?

Functionalism

conflict theory symbolic interactionism exchange theory feminist theory

conflict theory _____ is behavior that violates expected rules or norms.

Crime Deviance Stigma Social control Sanction

deviance A/n _____ is a negative label that devalues a person and disqualifies him/her from full social acceptance.

harm injurious stigma social control dishonor

stigma

_____ refer(s) to the technique and strategies that regulate people's behavior in society.

Sanctions Social control Strain Anomie Labeling

social control Sanctions are

endorsements of certain behaviors.

forms of conformity that are written into law.

inconsistent forms of punishment.

rewards or punishments for obeying or violating a norm.

none of the above

rewards or punishments for obeying or violating a norm. _____ believe that deviance and crime are normal parts of the social structure that maintain society.

Functionalists

Conflict theorists Feminist theorists Symbolic interactionists Criminologists

functionalists Durkheim introduced the term anomie, but _____ elaborated on the concept to explain how social structure can create deviance.

Sutherland Bogel Merton Becker Lembert

Merton According to Merton, Americans are taught to strive towards the "American Dream" of economic success. He called these aspirations

institutionalized goals. institutionalized means. cultural strain. cultural means. cultural goals.

cultural goals

Henry's family was unable to pay their bills last month. He wanted the best for his family, but had a lowpaying job. To "earn" some extra cash, be began selling fraudulent tickets at the Civic Center. According to Merton, Henry is a/n

conformist. innovator. ritualist. retreatist. rebel.

innovator Harold started using drugs when he was 17. By the time Harold turned 20 he was living on the streets. According to Merton, Henry is a/n

conformist. innovator. ritualist. retreatist. rebel.

retreatist _____ ask why some deviant acts are defined as criminal while others are not.

Functionalists Conflict theorists Feminist theorists Symbolic interactionists

Strain theorists

conflict theorists Conflict theorists often focus on which type of crime?

violent crime property crime white collar crime organized crime victimless crime

white collar crime Mr. Davis, an accounting executive at Alpha Inc., participated in tax fraud for several years, which saved the company millions of dollars in taxes. Mr. Davis is guilty of

cybercrime. occupational crime. corporate crime. organized crime. industrial crime.

corporate crime The symbolic interaction perspective suggests that people _____ deviant behavior.

are born with develop

study learn recognize

learn The basic idea behind differential association theory is that

one's environment has little influence on deviance and crime.

most deviant and criminal behavior is spontaneous.

labeling is a major factor in explaining deviance.

primary deviance leads to secondary deviance.

most people learn deviant behavior through interaction.

most people learn deviant behavior through interaction. "Society's reaction to behavior is a major factor in defining someone as deviant." This statement best exemplifies which theory of deviance?

differential association labeling strain crime control

feminist theory

labeling _____ deviance is the initial violation of a norm or law and can range from relatively minor offenses to serious offenses.

Primary Secondary Tertiary Street Corporate

primary The criminal justice system relies on three major approaches to crime control. Which of the following is not one of these approaches?

avoidance prevention intervention punishment rehabilitation

avoidance ____ is the global leader in the number of inmates per capita.

Mexico

Iraq Ireland Japan The United States

The United States In the article "Code of the Street" by Elijah Anderson, he argues that interpersonal violence and aggression is part of the code of the street in inner cities poor neighborhood.

true false violence was not the topic. code is about language.

true The conclusion in the article "The Impact of Internet Communications on Social Interaction" is that

there is no difference between face-to-face interaction and internet interaction.

Goffman's rules on interaction apply to internet interaction.

face-to-face interaction is different from internet interaction.

None of the above is true.

face-to-face interaction is different from internet interaction.

The main topic in "Clique Dynamics" by Patricia Adler and Peter Adler is the study of _______.

primary groups secondary groups reference groups in-groups and out-groups

in-groups and out-groups The article "The Social Organization of Toy Stores" by Christine Williams discussed about

race problem in the toy store. gender problem in the toy store. neither a or b is correct. both a and b are correct.

race problem in the toy store. gender problem in the toy store. The main argument in article "The Medicalizaiton of Deviance" is that we redefine certain deviant behaviors as "illness" rather than as "badness", so that they are treated medically rather than punishment.

true false

true The main theoretical perspective used in article "The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison" by Jeffrey Reiman is

functionalist perspective. conflict perspective. symbolic interactional perspective. feminist perspective.

conflict theorists The hierarchical ranking of people who have different access to valued resources is referred to as

social networking. the division of society. dependency. social stratification. inequality.

social stratification In a/n _____ stratification system, a person's ability to change social positions is limited and often based on gender or race.

rigid open closed caste slavery

closed

In open stratification systems, social classes are based on _____ statuses.

ascribed achieved hereditary religious official

achieved In the U.S., the top one percent of U.S. households has _____ of all wealth and _____ of all income.

10%; 20% 17%; 34% 29%; 59% 43%; 35% 52%; 34%

43%; 35% While the U.S. economy has expanded since the late 1960s, income inequality has

increased. decreased. fluctuated. stayed the same. none of the above

increased Identify which social class the following description illustrates: Some individuals in this social class flaunt their money and spend it on lavish goods and services to enhance their prestige.

upper-upper class lower-upper class upper-middle class lower-middle class working class

lower-upper class Compared to thirty-five years ago, the number of people living in poverty has

increased.

decreased.

stayed the same.

fluctuated.

None of the above - poverty statistics were not collected thirty-five years ago.

increased The Johnson family cannot afford to buy food for their children. The Johnson family is living in

absolute poverty. relative poverty. subjective poverty. objective poverty. squalor.

absolute poverty The _____ view contends that the poor are "deficient" --that they share some problems, values, attitudes, and beliefs about life which are different from those who are not poor.

world-systems culture of poverty feminization of poverty modernization dependency

culture of poverty _____ is a person's movement up or down the class hierarchy.

Social stratification Social mobility Social movement Social change Social hierarchy

social mobility Stratification is both necessary and inevitable. This statement best represents which theoretical perspective?

conflict functionalist symbolic interactionist feminist exchange theory

functionalist Stratification is dysfunctional because it harms society and individuals. This statement best represents which theoretical perspective?

conflict functionalist symbolic interactionist feminist exchange theory

conflict Karl Marx argued that capitalism benefits the rich and that society would ultimately be reduced to just two classes: _____ and _____.

middle; lower lower; upper bourgeoisie; lower

bourgeoisie; proletariat proletariat; capitalist

bourgeoise; proletariat According to _____, low-income societies are poor because of "traditional" attitudes about technology and institutions.

modernization theory attitudinal theory dependency theory traditional theory world-systems theory

modernization theory High-income countries have greater access to _____ than low-income countries.

education safe water income health services all of the above

education safe water income health services

Biological characteristics (anatomy, hormones, etc) determine one's

sex. gender. gender roles. sex roles. sexual identity.

sex _____ refers to learned attitudes and behaviors that characterize women and men.

Sex Gender Gender identity Sex roles Sexual identity

gender _____ is/are an attitude or behavior that discriminates against one sex based on the assumed superiority of the other sex.

Sex identities Gender roles Sex stereotypes Sexism Racism

sexism If American women were free to choose, _____ would prefer to be employed rather than stay home to take care of their house and family.

10 percent 20 percent 30 percent 50 percent 80 percent

50 percent On average, women earn approximately _____ for every dollar men earn.

$1.04 $0.98 $0.77 $0.66 $0.50

$0.77 Women's jobs tend to be "feminine" and require

care-giving. serving others. working with people.

none of the above. all of the above.

care-giving. serving others. working with people. Which of the following is commonly used to explain the gender pay gap?

women choose fields with lower earnings the glass ceiling women are more likely to work part-time all of the above none of the above

women choose fields with lower earnings the glass ceiling women are more likely to work part-time _____ is any unwanted sexual advance, request for sexual favors, or other conduct of a sexual nature that makes a person uncomfortable and interferes with his or her work.

Sexual misconduct Sexual harassment Sexism Feminism Pregnancy discrimination

sexual harassment _____ refers to a preference for sexual partners of the same sex, of the opposite sex, or of either sex.

Sexual discrimination Sexual orientation Sexuality Gender role Gender identity

sexual orientation A division of gender roles helps society function smoothly. Which sociological perspective does this statement illustrate?

functionalist conflict symbolic interactionist feminist exchange

functionalist Gender inequality is built into the social structure, in and out of the home. Which sociological perspective does this statement illustrate?

functionalist conflict symbolic interactionist

feminist exchange

conflict Sexuality is linked to gender inequality and the control of women's sexual behavior by men. Which sociological perspective does this statement illustrate?

functionalist conflict symbolic interactionist feminist exchange

feminist Social constructionist theories contend that sexual behavior is largely the result of

social pressure and culture.

sexual orientation has a strong genetic basis.

sexual identity is based on cultural factors.

sexual orientation is based on social structure.

none of the above

sexual behavior is largely the result of social pressure and culture. Gender discrimination often goes unnoticed because

beliefs about male superiority are internalized.

laws prohibit such discrimination.

there are more males than females.

gender discrimination is poorly defined. it is uncommon.

beliefs about male superiority are internalized. _____ refers to our awareness of ourselves as male or female and the ways we express our sexual values, attitudes, feelings, and beliefs.

gender identity sexual identity gender roles sexual roles sexual orientation

sexual identity This chapter opens with a brief description of a study in which the researchers submitted 5,000 fake rsums to potential employers. The rsums with names that sounded white received _____ callbacks for interviews than those with names that sounded African American.

10 percent more 25 percent more 50 percent more 25 percent fewer 10 percent fewer

50 percent more About _____ of the human body's 35,000 genes determine the color of a person's skin. 6 16 26 36 No one knows for sure.

6 A/n _____ is any physically or culturally distinctive group that has the most economic and political power.

popular group apartheid group dominant group majority group principle group

dominant group For social scientists, race is a(n)

social construct. personality trait. temporary characteristic. variable trait. myth.

social construct _____ refers to a group of people who share physical characteristics that are passed on through reproduction.

Gender Ethnicity Racism Race Racial-ethnic group

race Language, geographic roots, traditions, and religion are all components of

assimilation. colonialism. ethnicity. race. apartheid.

ethnicity

_____ refers to the advantages that people enjoy because of their race.

"White power" "White privilege" "White advantage" "Racial privilege" "Racial opportunity"

"white privilege" A/n _____ is a group of people who may be subject to differential and unequal treatment because of their physical, cultural, or other characteristics.

minority group majority group dominant group subordinate group principal group

minority group Systematic attempts to destroy members of particular minority groups is called

genocide. internal colonialism. segregation. assimilation. pluralism.

genocide _____ segregation, or legal segregation, has been declared unconstitutional, but _____ segregation has replaced this form of segregation in the United States.

De facto; de jure De jure; de facto De jure; de inform De facto; de legal none of the above

De jure; de facto _____ is/are a set of beliefs which claim that one's own racial group is "naturally" superior to other groups.

Stereotypes Racism Prejudice Discrimination Pluralism

racism _____ is a positive or negative attitude toward people because of their group membership.

Stereotyping Racism

Prejudice Discrimination Pluralism

prejudice _____ is an action that treats people unequally or unfairly because of their group membership.

Prejudice Scapegoating Cultural relativism Ethnocentrism Discrimination

discrimination While on vacation, Jose went to a local restaurant for lunch. Before he sat down, the owner came out from behind the counter and told Jose to leave the restaurant because his "kind aren't welcome." This is an example of

prejudice. individual discrimination. institutional discrimination. gendered racism. holistic discrimination.

individual discrimination Natalie is a prejudiced person who actively discriminates against other groups. According to Merton, Natalie is a/n

"active bigot." "timid bigot." "fair-weather liberal." "all-weather liberal." "passive bigot."

"active bigot" Racial hierarchies are supported and perpetuated through economic inequality. This statement represents the views of

functionalists. conflict theorists. symbolic interactionists. feminist theorists. exchange theorists.

conflict theorists Prejudice and discrimination are learned, and can therefore be unlearned. This statement best illustrates which of the following theoretical perspectives?

functionalist conflict symbolic interactionist feminist social exchange

symbolic interactionist _____ are the fastest-growing minority group in the United States.

Chinese American Indians Latinos Cubans Arabs

latinos Of the following statements about African Americans, which one is true?

When compared with whites, their gap in educational achievement has increased in the last four decades.

They are the least diverse minority group in the United States.

They are the only group to have been brought to the United States involuntarily.

Most are foreign-born.

They live almost exclusively in urban areas.

They are the only group to have been brought to the United States involuntarily.