CIVIL

SOLUTIONS TO SOIL MECHANICS

ASSIGNMENT
CIVIL II

1.
W.T
SAND 0.0
Υ =1.92Mg/m3

-3.0

CLAY
ΥS = 2.0Mg/m3

-7.5
Medium Sand

(a) Variation of Total Vertical pressure

(i) At -3.0m

σ=Υ SX g X z

= 1.92 X 10 X 3

SOIL MECHANICS
GROUP ASSIGNMENT
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 = 57.6KPa
(ii) At -7.5m
σ=Υ Sx g x z

= (2.0 X 10 X 4.5)+57.6
= 147.6KPa

(b) Effective Vertical Pressure

σ'= σ-µ
Where µ=neutral stress or up thrust
µ=ΥwXgXz
At -3.0m, µ=1X3.0X10=30Kpa
Therefore σ'=57.6-30=27.6KPa
At -7.3m, µ=(1X4.5X10)+30=75Kpa
Therefore σ'=147.6-(75)=72.6Kpa
Table of variation of pressures with depth
Depth(m) σ(KPa) µ(KPa) σ'(KPa)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.0 57.6 30 27.6
7.5 147.6 75 72.6

Diagram showing Total and effective vertical pressure

Total vertical Pressure Effective vertical Pressure
0.0
0.0

57.6Kpa 27.6Kpa
-3.0

-7.5 72.6Kpa
147.6 Kpa
k
After the water table is lowered by 2.0m
At -2.0m, µ=0 therefore σ'= σ=2.0X1.92X10=38.4KPa
At -3.0m, µ=10X1=10Kpa, therefore σ'=(1.92X10X1+38.4)-10=47.6Kpa
At-7.5m, µ=10X5.5=55KPa,therefore σ'=(2X10X4.5+57.6)-55=92.6KPa

Table of pressure variation after water table is lowered by 2m

Depth(m) σ(KPa) µ(KPa) σ'(KPa)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.0 38.4 0.0 38.4
3.0 57.6 10 47.6
 7.5 147.6 55 92.6

2. WT
GRAVEL
Υ =2.0Mg/m3

-2.75

SATURATED
CLAY
ΥSC =
1.84Mg/m3

IMPERMEABLE
ROCK -17.75

Total Vertical Pressure

(i) At -2.75m σ = ΥX g
Xz
= 2 X 10 X 2.75
= 55Kpa
(ii) At-17.75m σ = ΥX g X z
= 1.84 X 10 X 15+55
= 331KPa

Up thrust
Where µ=neutral stress or up thrust
µ=ΥwXgXz
At -2.75m
µ=1X10X2.75
=27.5Kpa

At -17.75m
µ=1X10X15+27.5
=177.5Kpa

Effective vertical pressure

σ'= σ-µ
At -2.75m
=55-27.5
=27.5Kpa
At -17.75m
=331-177.5
=153.5Kpa
Table of pressure variation
Depth(m) σ(KPa) µ(KPa) σ'(KPa)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.75 55 27.5 27.5
17.75 331 177.5 153.5

Case II
GRAVEL
Υ =1.57Mg/m3

WT -2.75

SATURATED
CLAY
ΥSC =
1.84Mg/m3

IMPERMEABLE
ROCK -17.75

Total Vertical pressure

(i) At -2.75m
σ = ΥX g X z
= 1.57 X 10 X 2.75
= 43.175Kpa
(ii) At -17.75m σ = ΥX g X z
= 1.84 X 10 X 15+43.175
= 319.175KPa
Upthrust
Where µ=neutral stress or up thrust
µ=ΥwXgXz
At -2.75m
µ=0X10X2.75
=0Kpa
At -17.75m
µ=1X10X15
=150Kpa
Effective vertical pressure
σ'= σ-µ
At -2.75m
=43.175Kpa
At -17.75m
=319.175-150 =169.175Kpa
Immediate changes
Pore water pressure
=150-177.5
=-27.5Kpa
A drop in power water pressure is observed from case 1 to case 2

Effective vertical pressure

=169.175-153.5
=15.65Kpa
A rise in effective vertical pressure is observed from incidence 1 to incidence 2

Table to summarize changes

Depth(m) σ(KPa) µ(KPa) σ'(KPa)
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.75 43.175 0.0 43.175
17.75 319.175 150 169.175