Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy
Edited by Fathi Habashi
Volume III: Precious Metals
Refractory Metals
Scattered Metals
Radioactive Metals
Rare Earth Metals
® WILEY-VCH
‘Wenhin Cicer New York Tria Beane Snapelegroom li
Caer eS kta
Preface
slgeraatisyseermrs
Satis bre enlroed ot tenor
‘ickenca gues Tepes ane
cetacean
Seen
SS esa ees
ineeereraes
en
Teta tad he ane et
‘Ahough te gene eer te in
sctng cae ely bso the
‘Redan specu ber Sa ya
teen of eal xrcion pone,
Ino teon ol beg a re
‘Moti bse nowy of wet ere
th pee hye Pe secre
‘gy tei emt es
Sel ented etl fon oon
‘Sweeny a npr
figaheeetteeneomstel
“oe lon he fp fx
Sy th Rays Chm ng
lat fr vey Yu Pe
‘elt havea ingest Tene
TS at Hons fs bop a
rect fou volues wil fil he gp fo mod
Evetvemeaiegy
"he Mandate op sl of
sorta shined sn Uline
Ices forte Honook Same po
‘eect: ver
+ Altough spel, ean, sb
‘ope aio, ea
‘ata we ete ba hve
‘Sra ot one ey we
{ibe hae tote ct than
‘Sencatalfomorsaeccaoys
Bi cape cna th aes ote
‘nl quan sn rt pt
(pa congentr Howere ca
Sop te we cmoly cad
‘Serene sere mera on
‘SPs nay of eae Th hey
‘Es rn ide, ci omg
= Brome oliniiont ac tsontoe
‘Sint tee do of mut be
feat we Ate eae! ele
‘gst pon
Se be gest aot of ote cw
‘ef lio ge gr
‘Brig ene ste eer
Spoke
Thm pote tert Vag
enim oer nen cope
flr Ker Sow awed
ope aio cocron i 1930Fao Le Us
Spree oie mtn
SLU ae ante
ESSERE ety ne top
yaar
Mtn Smet
ere wna citar
fomote dons bss eos
Reteennenc naps
ats abot
Table of Contents
Yohime1 Part
Part One The Metal indestry SE”
5 Receingafenie 28
i ppb 2
Part Two Ferrous Metals
Se 3 PartBigh
Volume It
Part Primary Metals
Twee "Scope ss
10 Za eat Part Nine
12 Nike ms
Part Four Secondary Metals
13 ame 29
16 hae. Pan Tin
1 noma a
Port Five ‘Light Metals _
2 Magen bg) Eleven
Yolume tt bot
Part Sx Twebe
Refractory Metals
3 watyo
2 Noten
3 fat
Scattered Metals
34 ln
Radignetive Metals
‘6 Pecan
Rare Earth Metal
3 Gam
Yolme 17
Ferroalloy Metals
Alkali Metals
5 Sedum,
3 Pat,
2sss a ste Part Six
Compote. 2201 Te
Part Alkaline Rath Metals Precious Metals
Thirteen ‘Cae 20
5 Srna. a
Authors sass | —
Name Ende. ...235 ume
Sabet Index......2579 a gl
1
3 frofos] u Jro[Jamfem |i] ce] ee fm [ia] no]23__Gold
oF dicen
ang keg aie nny
Be been
33 Epetras
23 copa i
25 ee A
231 History
Cette et hemp
_stierannerrest
ehigteasycw
fees es
Sees
ee
iS acncee
‘Seog! nis ht an be aly date
Sena es
ieaheeeeoe
ie ena
Er
Bie MiulamnrOadCoapinds 1
2 ia =
35 ee seiaadaad
ae
Filo eee
meena oats
2 eee
2 See
ieee
Betty Ss
seo ot RB ee
ser matures
es
senate te
fab ee 1008 el ‘etc
is ceca
Saeed mone gone
i pneiassan
aie
epaealiane
geet rte
Seeman
Boeeeree
meaneriy ingore flowing te Spay mee
Sk
slop ced an inlonce fn Seung
‘Shun The oan of Ope mene
‘Seon w torr gnd my been
‘cain Panay eB
fase py der ge he
‘Stay Pon Ge
‘ou evga he pied gd
eumy une TBC gas me
‘Stl bo ioe! nother ope ean
I, dua Bahoma, te Carpuuae
Ne ui oe De er
sel nine it te er regs
‘ry evens std hem mao aout
‘Sef tty an explo
(Sa we of te cater Bey hl a
Soho sol capo mune ne
‘See Le hooves ysl seg
‘Sst naa puke an tet od
[ke omon emp ls borage so
Th ven f Chitin ape he
te Rae th pe ingot
felt Mneovs uth Seg of he
‘Sa Age onan pata power
‘eer rp rene al pod
fen, In Bae, eal eee ie
‘Stlaen moulin he Cain nt he
Alps we of ny nates. Out Ev
‘Bee werd i oe,
2 Se
Soon
ag
Shee
icin ration ee ep ne
‘Sethi he decode
‘Smt te eoey ofan
Soil ell poke Thee epee
‘Spo rm 735 ato
‘Sesto 75 gue bartenmandon¢
oj sie on be anaes of Ur
‘ella ete or nsen put etc
Hey he Comat moan
erp crincsn et ance pohe!
‘eae grein
tenancy of pin Cae 108
inc! pl dion eat. Ta sei
Se owed pa ming ar
fin wake cue This pe of whine
ll wn pls eps mere om
‘Eel Neva), Ca
feo ia, Aka (96) Nw Zed
{eu daa (88) sd Westen
(5) However es depot oon
‘le ers
eee Sen rey ote
‘et he Wttnerand nou Aen
Ii ccm ir pe
(Sr Sout nang on cp co
‘gin ewe
‘Soe incre ye Bow Wa C9
{St te toe gai poi
‘abn ia fiend eet ae
‘tone Sou Ase a 9000,
Poole ste capone rete
be
“he dove of age poste of ai
eal "Sr ms! pempecingo
(nb! tsps Pode of Bes
emia Aisne encod tN
‘tie (OF Ta) cua pencued a
‘a te ope datas of we pid
ee
‘Gai ning in hae Gad Cons nly
epi py #0 it eae oe in
ieee
‘too Zimbabwe snd sig
pecans
{Seven odsctn a other Ae
se eens oteage
ee oe
a
areees Ree as
Seteoues,
Atos Rania conech
shes Basra
Se ences
See
Seneeonee
ee
SSpioedeo en
See
ews
seaming
paeeraae
le
peiiecauehcees
ted of ne am 9
Eipaiaeem eas
eveminmme ce:
eo india be oe
sartorial Sti
Riera Seen
See eas Aa Goo
sence
er eet
tote
Eis Cacmanton of ks ed
Satie nee ole eed a
sm ta int thw ho
‘a Beye de sprung fe let
fedearer ns fae poy ont 2
‘HOOEE sive we euoye! y meing
Set commen at owe sare
The seal seing geal al,
‘Sine The angie of caper by ng
iinet rhe aoe
site hing Wk ts
eave epee be comm
‘Send note by tren nt A.
‘eon pemabyego e,
‘Bowe nt tet eo
‘ae ace AD.
Tat se Age fon wih ea a
“he ichmit ndenvored to matcre
polly mesma of re meu ae
Sate end af Be 8c a
‘hire cnc wan Sl wget
Fowever he nero eo a
Sheila
“eh easy
(ph tl ae peak fo
‘tity Satta a ea esta
Senco sete sete
day raion of pd tet Ora of
(Serta ones (bet
Sng! cpp sate lem pe
(Stag pera le” Geenty
a
Ihe of cncise wan ut
‘hi Sie ast aera A
Tolan, Mss nerd ring
fo wen: Rene seas
fart sah shea ie 3
1099 pay Se ye hgonan whieh wee et ee
‘Eerates oe pl Sine 190 cover”
eal je sng bo en seme
tyra exonaepulp prc wih -
Teer tena ke engl pens
fe yee latng be ben oer
Sears ete he we
‘Sin trope pe
reeves tn
{soe and etn, In Sou Ameen,
wove mal ning ofresisvne
eng etl Ta pil od
‘Berens ew ig,
‘Bae pln pout 35000 eo
a
Seaton eng ioteienedare
ew etn eth pd tse
etic eat
23.2 Properties (,20,2631)
‘The dns teen ale an tse
stds wee wy nd ee
{yen Wrest
‘lean Ul te cts oe wt
‘dcompo wal beeen tis wp
Stee ee hm
‘hemeaiarcceu net sno
‘Surly niemeny aa
2321 Physical
otha rat alte
eee a cen et
eer erin
Sch estas ie
Pee sone nn 9 Oe a
Sete tit tnen ts
Sharma sivas
{Escape
Bawa ‘toe?
"The melting poi of gol bs been a fed
vente epee esa
Et a Earns
‘ate ee edie lage ss
Ziti mates ce soacncs to
‘ex Wes reams Sai p=
PSS pe of crs
Fu gl a ot bees mechcly
ror every threo
Kiser 7 rb
Newiecaddea pre wwaor ie
tice 2m Bron sss,
dco te ey ple an peer
‘Sih Sr ablecbusaraee nd lant
‘Shy, es i yell lane The nora
‘ty ils ares
(piles oils neue gop
Festive gen
“he pal ope of old dis ae
ye me Son vein
lon oar nonce er mare
‘Slog Freed itormton et
2322, Chemical 52)
old dos ot rc wi, yo a
a oe en oh pete,
‘ioe open ape, Danae, mae
i dae ie rm
ES crac ctiecte
borertese
eer
pre eree
Resear
Ramarmeataen
pe eesae
Se
Sa ieciemea
=a eieae
Eee
seems
Se ne
wigs marae bee
saab actalad Stat
char
Ercaserenaances
togen rosie the Deel powes)
ees
Some Oe lee
Secreta
{ka ys tite ton
feece of cogent
yi eae
cd creoobeesstng ensue
Sass ales wen esa
fea al haps
‘enn tes despa ges
[Beyenring mete inpuer oe
ei rae hey oon Te
‘nim 495°: Aine 15°C eee
{Tite th noeang wpe
"fl ute rer aston ty
‘seep eon ysl ee
itn etna enon
a en nl) sae
‘ind bys, he st ae
seo oct sion bowel ug
wei ji
i
t
iure cn wc sesso
‘Ro eachmgrs wh se oe rhe
Gore tg farsa an
sie tlre ar
‘suai
“he Sani pm of AWA
1B aA are
RELY
stteiteomaiupeapeemeens te
fe pte
(Gy hemor pce cpper pe
‘Serene eo tt
‘ithe erm sn Ga ets
‘Seta ao lowed yn
enone far met
‘Emer tc Pus ps he
Cait ei ms bys of
cee eer it, a ee
Sinscletodpocsesolate
233° Occurrence (1.262036
B
253. Abundance
oli ed ey ely i ie
ars em any Seo sting pr
Sc at he ks Pe me se
{Stwtnge eens tery ade
‘edt. 0003 ps ugh Wiel
‘nesemcsan ever
“Th ol os nwt vie
pet apoio he ion Ga coe
(Ease one rag! pb) hve bent
pel
na fy
23.2, Gold Deposits (7.1.35
oad crete sae
Sot Sintra?
lipo esc sly
Seg a ere
poate te w nwt ot
See enue ce
{Fe Sl pl ge eee,
EXE Sarna ol
Sas ipeiena pepe tly
Sevier, neato
Muselyounling onsccinee
a
Coe ig pl en
Seeinee Creme
Hin ieee eae Se
fille Gina pochomsty ant
Stee anor Beenine hae
teenie sn ss RS
Hoan nearer eee
einen aa
eee
sees
Sse
Seat hana
Sime e
‘ersopras ite pegs Tr
eeenceea tes
om ise Tee wee exe nd ss
{run fr oxen,
‘Stil nes Sj to
Shs, geen Teo
‘uti cope maybe wl ity
sions wc nome ly ono
raat ef meebeng nie cur oats
SER aa mie a,
whl te pn comet ne ie
‘mung tee cio rr Sh
Par ee Ree Se
ta sha po ge Ss
“Copper mt ruc oly
1 Sol pop pa 1 pp: be
ver ay cr be aso ge sc
‘laguna ed
emp he co nde nan
SE SAAy ae ote ee
2333. Gold Reserves and
Resourcer
“The em sre dents he ene
se einen ae
le Ty orl po ee tee ee a
‘ened a D000 cof mie an ne he
‘dann ecney postin 1G,
ye nts Sc Cae A, Zar
‘le and hams each
234 Production (12.20.21,
Sis8.13)
234.1 Ore Treatment
soya
emegeetateatas
ers
Sse
sce in, ot ees
Legere
ie gengace
Stare alee opea mond
‘Seoeed by Se mets an my
Sain cteen
Se
sag sen te on a a oe
essai
‘SCs tot ot sunbic Sa'n
Smet helen
inte comin ol eee We
ute Sou Ae noe pSer
(Seis fo fas scr
‘Sms elie ona
{Seti mt tn wi oe
‘eect! ter ba ae yas
‘eral ig ce he plat
St lioallows pe SO be gate
eae fen bye cya
“Goyer wes cia
seta sod oth The cates on
‘Siti tyr tsa goed
earjuncsor ke pow inte
‘Sip ermend ado pero be sete
{Fe Th cee pico ne rad
inion iter
"he ardor nw st led ty
coma rite (cae 0 a pooke
‘Epa mm cae bwee pores gaa
‘iin pected equa se
ets ng hs ata
ge Ts sce supe Ot
Sb aqua tr drei ow of oe