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OBJECTIVES
Identify what causes infectious diseases Explain how diseases are transmitted and how reservoirs play a role in disease dispersal.
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BACTERIA
Prokaryotes
Single celled microorganisms Has no nucleus
Lives in soil, air, food, and in/on the bodies of plants and animals. Injures cells by giving off toxins. * Not all bacteria are pathogens! Some are helpful and your body benefits from them.
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Bacteria can: Grow on food and give off toxins that cause food poisoning. Grow in soil and produce a toxin called tetanus. Can grow deep inside wounds
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VIRUSES
Smallest pathogens. Much smaller than bacteria. Non-living strand of genetic material with a protein coat called a capsid. Viruses that have RNA for genetic material instead of DNA are called retroviruses. Have NO organelles , cant take in nutrients and do not display other characteristics of life. Can multiply ONLY after entering a living cell. Virus takes over the cells reproductive mechanisms, causing cell damage or death.
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VIRAL INFECTIONS
Must have a host cell. Genetic material of the virus enters the cytoplasm of the host. The capsid is broken down quickly, exposing the viruss genetic material. Virus uses the host cell to replicate (or make more copies).
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FUNGI
Can be unicellular or multicellular Consists of yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. Known to grow best in warm, dark, moist areas. Cause diseases like A thletes foot and ringworm
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PARASITES/ PROTOZOA
Larger single celled organisms Can be free living or parasitic. Move through fluids in search of food 4 types that cause disease in humans Causes diseases like Malaria (causes the most deaths globally Amebic Dysentery
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Food- sometimes naturally present, or can be contaminated through human contact, insects, or flies.
Salmonella E.coli
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TRANSMISSION OF PATHOGENS
Four ways pathogens are transmitted to humans. Direct contact Indirectly through the air. Indirectly through touching contaminated objects Vectors- organisms that transmit infections from one host to another.
Arthropods (biting insects)
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) World Health Organization (WHO)
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DISEASE PATTERNS
Endemic Disease- infectious diseases that are continually found in small amounts within the population.
Epidemic Disease- infectious disease that has a large outbreak in an area and afflict many people.
Pandemic Disease- an epidemic that is widespread throughout a large region (country, continent or entire globe.
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