Alli Winters

Traumatic Brain Injury

Definition- an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external physical force, resulting in
total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both, that adversely affects a childs educational performance.

Characteristics Physical disabilities- may have problems speaking, seeing, hearing, and using their other senses. They could have headaches, and their muscles may suddenly contract or tighten. Also, they may have seizures, and have trouble walking. Difficulties with thinking- It is common that the persons ability to use the brain changes. Short-term and long-term memory loss can occur. What also can occur to the child is trouble focusing, and thinking slowly. They may have difficulty with reading, writing, planning, judgment, and understanding the order of events. Social, Behavioral, or emotional problems- Some characteristics are sudden changes in mood, anxiety, and depression. Also, trouble relating to others, restlessness, and they laugh and cry a lot. They have no control of their emotions and have no motivation.

The child may not have all difficulties it depends on the injury and the child. Brain injuries can range from mild to severe, and so can the changes and the result from the injury. It is hard to predict how an individual will recover.

Learning Strategies Early and ongoing help can make a big difference in how the child recovers. Refocus student with verbal and or nonverbal cues. Plan frequent breaks. Do not rush or challenge the student. Break large projects or tasks into component parts or steps. Consistent daily routine.

Resources
Nichcy.org/disability/specific/tbi#what http://maketheconnection.net/conditions/traumatic-brain-injury?gclid=CNHckrU27oCFStBQgod7mlAfw

http://www.earlyliteracylearning.org/ Including Students with Special Needs: A Practical Guide for Classroom Teachers. By: Marilyn Friend and William D. Bursuck. Pgs: 195-198